10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-37542

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

British Columbia, Canada	Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)	Identification Number)

Suite 619 – 999 Canada Place, World Trade Center

Vancouver, BC V6C 3E1

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(604) 633-1440

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, no par value	CRHM	NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of outstanding common shares of the registrant, no par value per share, as of May 11, 2020 was 71,564,084.

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2020

Table of Contents

	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	37
	Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	38
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	38
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	56
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	56
Item 5.	Other Information	56
Item 6.	Exhibits	57

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian securities laws, or collectively, forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements that may relate to our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs and other information that is not historical information. Many of these statements appear, in particular, under the headings “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of terminology such as “subject to”, “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “potential,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “continue,” the negatives thereof, variations thereon and similar expressions, or by discussions of strategy. In addition, any statements or information that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking. In particular, these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

• Our ability to predict developments in the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact to our operations;

• Our ability to predict developments in payment rates and government regulation and manage our operations accordingly;

• Our plans to successfully identify and complete corporate transactions and our other commercialization strategies;

• The size of our addressable markets and our profitability;

• The perceived merit of the CRH O’Regan System and our anesthesiology operations; and

• Our ability to maintain or increase procedure volumes at our existing Ambulatory Surgery Centers (“ASCs”).

All forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, our examination of historical operating trends, are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. Certain assumptions made in preparing the forward-looking statements include:

• Our ability to maintain our revenues and profit margins under our fee for service contracts and arrangements;

• The absence of material adverse changes in our industry and the global economy;

• Our ability to maintain strong relationships with our ASCs and other customers;

• Our ability to identify, manage and integrate acquisitions;

• Our ability to enforce the non-competition and other restrictive covenants in our agreements;

• Our ability to successfully recruit and retain qualified anesthesia service providers and other independent contractors;

• Our ability to comply with current and future regulatory standards;

• Our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;

• Our continued compliance with third-party intellectual property rights;

• Our industry is already competitive and could become more competitive; and

• Our ability to raise sufficient financing to support continued growth.

We believe there is a reasonable basis for our expectations and beliefs, but forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain. We may not realize our expectations, and our beliefs may not prove correct. Actual results could differ materially from those described or implied by such forward-looking statements. The following uncertainties and factors, among others (including those set forth under “Risk Factors”), could affect future performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by forward-looking statements:

• Our operations and financial results have been and could be further harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic;

• Changes to payment rates or methods of third-party payors, including United States government healthcare programs, changes to the United States laws and regulations that regulate payments for medical services, the failure of payment rates to increase as our costs increase, or changes to our payor mix, could adversely affect our operating margins and revenues;

• We are subject to decreases in our revenue and profit margin under our fee for service contracts and arrangements, where we bear the risk of changes in volume, payor mix, radiology, anesthesiology, and pathology benefits, and third-party reimbursement rates;

3

• We may or may not successfully identify and complete corporate transactions on favorable terms or achieve anticipated synergies relating to any acquisitions or alliances, and such acquisitions could result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, or require significant management resources and significant charges;

• Our senior management has been key to our growth, and we may be adversely affected if we lose any member of our senior management;

• ASCs or other customers may terminate or choose not to renew their agreements with us;

• If we are unable to maintain or increase anesthesia procedure volumes at our existing ASCs, the operating margins and profitability of our anesthesia segment could be adversely affected;

• We may not be able to successfully recruit and retain qualified anesthesia service providers or other independent contractors;

• We may be unable to enforce the non-competition and other restrictive covenants in our agreements;

• We operate in an industry that is subject to extensive federal, state, and local regulation, and changes in law and regulatory interpretations;

• Changes in the medical industry and the economy may affect the Company’s business;

• Our failure to comply with U.S. federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including anti-kickback laws and other U.S. federal and state anti-referral laws, could have a material, adverse impact on our business;

• A significant number of our affiliated physicians could leave our affiliated ASCs;

• Our industry is already competitive and could become more competitive;

• Unfavorable economic conditions could have an adverse effect on our business;

• The Company may not be successful in marketing its products and services;

• Failure to manage third-party service providers may adversely affect our ability to maintain the quality of service that we provide;

• Congress or states may enact laws restricting the amount out-of-network providers of services can charge and recover for such services;

• Adverse events related to our product or our services may subject us to risks associated with product liability, medical malpractice or other legal claims, insurance claims, product recalls and other liabilities, which may adversely affect our operations;

• Our dependence on suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;

• We may need to raise additional capital to fund future operations;

• We are subject to various restrictive covenants and events of default under the Credit Facilities;

• The Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) and potential changes to it may have a significant effect on our business;

• The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (“MACRA”) and potential changes to it may have a significant effect on our business;

• Government authorities or other parties may assert that our business practices violate antitrust laws;

• If regulations or regulatory interpretations change, we may be obligated to re-negotiate agreements of our anesthetists, anesthesiologists or other contractors;

• Despite current indebtedness levels, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with increased leverage;

• Failure to timely or accurately bill for services could have a negative impact on our net revenue, bad debt expense and cash flow;

• If we or some of our suppliers fail to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation and other applicable requirements, our manufacturing or processing operations could be disrupted, our sales and profitability could suffer, and we may become subject to a wide variety of FDA enforcement actions;

4

• If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, shareholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common shares;

• Our industry is the subject of numerous governmental investigations into marketing and other business practices which could result in the commencement of civil and/or criminal proceedings, substantial fines, penalties, and/or administrative remedies, divert the attention of our management, and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations;

• We may write-off intangible assets;

• If we are unable to manage growth, we may be unable to achieve our expansion strategy;

• The continuing development of our products and provision of our services depends upon us maintaining strong relationships with physicians;

• Significant shareholders of the Company could influence our business operations, and sales of our shares by such significant shareholders could influence our share price;

• We have a legal responsibility to the minority owners of the entities through which we own our anesthesia services business, which may conflict with our interests and prevent us from acting solely in our own best interests;

• Our common shares may be subject to significant price and volume fluctuations;

• Unfavorable changes or conditions could occur in the states where our operations are concentrated;

• We may be subject to a variety of regulatory investigations, claims, lawsuits, and other proceedings;

• Our anesthesia employees and third-party contractors may not appropriately record or document services that they provide;

• If we are unable to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property, our competitive position could be impaired;

• If there is a change in federal or state laws, rules, regulations, or in interpretations of such federal or state laws, rules or regulations, we may be required to redeem our physician partners’ ownership interests in anesthesia companies under the savings clause in our joint venture operating agreements;

• Our employees and business partners may not appropriately secure and protect confidential information in their possession;

• Failure to protect our information technology infrastructure against cyber-based attacks, network security breaches, service interruptions or data corruption could significantly disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business and operating results;

• If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline;

• We may be subject to criminal or civil sanctions if we fail to comply with privacy regulations regarding the protection, use and disclosure of patient information;

• Evolving regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses and continuing uncertainty;

• Anti-takeover provisions could discourage a third party from making a takeover offer that could be beneficial to our shareholders;

• We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company,” and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to such companies could make our common shares less attractive to investors;

• We do not intend to pay dividends on our common shares, and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our common shares;

• Tax reform could have a material adverse effect on us;

• Income tax audits and changes in our effective income tax rate could affect our results of operations;

5

• The patent protection for our products may expire before we are able to maximize their commercial value, which may subject us to increased competition and reduce or eliminate our opportunity to generate revenues; and

• We may face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates.

Consequently, forward-looking statements should be regarded solely as our current plans, estimates and beliefs. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update, republish or revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrences of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our names, logos and website names and addresses are our service marks or trademarks. CRH and the CRH O’Regan System are registered trademarks. The other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, tradenames and copyrights referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are listed without the ©, ® and TM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and tradenames.

We express all amounts in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in U.S. dollars, except where otherwise indicated. References to “$” and “US$” are to U.S. dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars.

Except as otherwise indicated, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “CRH,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to CRH Medical Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

6

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item1. Financial Statements

CRH Medical Corporation

Index to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (unaudited)

As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

	Page
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	8
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	9
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	10
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	12
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	13

7

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(Expressed in United States dollars)

	Notes	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	13,327,512		$	6,568,716
Trade and other receivables, net	5		16,872,743			20,041,288
Income tax receivable			2,709,642			1,332,129
Prepaid expenses and deposits			994,326			729,483
Inventories, finished goods			322,818			349,324
			34,227,041			29,020,940
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net			224,350			251,933
Right of use asset	7		146,829			214,854
Intangible assets, net	8		153,728,539			163,108,193
Deferred asset acquisition costs			218,501			59,249
Deferred tax assets			10,794,462			10,440,100
			165,112,681			174,074,329
Total assets		$	199,339,722		$	203,095,269
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Trade and other payables	6	$	4,802,523		$	6,196,741
Employee benefits			1,143,981			992,845
Income tax payable			—			28,589
Current portion of right of use asset liability	7		73,663			125,555
Deferred consideration			1,402,269			1,868,052
Earn-out obligation	13		872,068			1,063,060
Member loan			68,600			68,600
			8,363,104			10,343,442
Non-current liabilities:
Right of use asset liability	7		36,587			54,300
Notes payable and bank indebtedness	10		70,436,634			68,380,345
Deferred tax liabilities			101,822			101,822
			70,575,043			68,536,467
Equity
Common stock, no par value; 71,579,284 and 71,603,584 shares issued    and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,    respectively	11		56,135,489			56,056,113
Additional paid-in capital			7,707,548			7,168,156
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(66,772	)		(66,772	)
Retained earnings			11,008,401			13,154,981
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company			74,784,666			76,312,478
Non-controlling interest			45,616,909			47,902,882
Total equity			120,401,575			124,215,360
Total liabilities and equity		$	199,339,722		$	203,095,269

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Commitments and contingencies (note 14)

Subsequent events (note 17)

8

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)

(Expressed in United States dollars, except share and per share data)

		Three months ended March 31,
	Notes	2020			2019
Revenue:
Anesthesia services	16	$	23,150,397		$	26,692,966
Product sales	16		2,304,395			2,426,124
			25,454,792			29,119,090
Expenses:
Anesthesia services expense			24,629,366			22,559,355
Product sales expense			1,191,484			1,134,477
Corporate expense			2,230,804			1,600,409
			28,051,654			25,294,241
Operating income (loss)			(2,596,862	)		3,824,849
Finance income	12		(190,992	)		—
Finance expense	12		687,832			2,391,979
(Gain) loss from equity investment	9		15,666			(125,179	)
Income (loss) before tax			(3,109,368	)		1,558,049
Income tax expense (recovery)			(974,411	)		167,259
Net and comprehensive income (loss)		$	(2,134,957	)	$	1,390,790
Attributable to:
Shareholders of the Company		$	(2,078,494	)	$	(76,968	)
Non-controlling interest			(56,463	)		1,467,758
		$	(2,134,957	)	$	1,390,790
Loss per share attributable to shareholders
Basic and diluted	11(f)	$	(0.029	)	$	(0.001	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	11(f)		71,608,769			71,823,368

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)

(Expressed in United States dollars, except for number of shares)

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

	Number of shares			Common stock			Additional paid -in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings			Non-controlling interest			Total equity
Balance as at January 1, 2019		72,055,688		$	55,372,884		$	9,329,335		$	(66,772	)	$	12,916,565		$	59,739,165		$	137,291,177
Total net and comprehensive income (loss) for the period		—			—			—			—			(76,968	)		1,467,758			1,390,790
Stock-based compensation		—			—			564,251			—			—			—			564,251
Common shares issued on vesting of share units		2,500			8,235			(8,235	)		—			—			—			—
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and cancelled    (note 11(e))		(461,600	)		(347,300	)		—			—			(1,063,523	)		—			(1,410,823	)
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and held as    treasury shares (27,000 treasury shares) (note 11(e))		—			(20,291	)		—			—			(62,205	)		—			(82,496	)
Cancellation of treasury shares		(10,400	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Distributions to members		—			—			—			—			—			(4,034,800	)		(4,034,800	)
Balance as at March 31, 2019		71,586,188		$	55,013,528		$	9,885,351		$	(66,772	)	$	11,713,869		$	57,172,123		$	133,718,099

10

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (continued) (unaudited)

(Expressed in United States dollars, except for number of shares)

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

	Number of shares			Common stock			Additional paid -in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings			Non-controlling interest			Total equity
Balance as at January 1, 2020		71,603,584		$	56,056,113		$	7,168,156		$	(66,772	)	$	13,154,981		$	47,902,882		$	124,215,360
Total net and comprehensive loss for the period		—			—			—			—			(2,078,494	)		(56,463	)		(2,134,957	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—			652,548			—			—			—			652,548
Common shares issued on vesting of share units		50,000			139,105			(139,105	)		—			—			—			—
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and cancelled    (note 11(e))		(74,300	)		(57,700	)		—			—			(65,699	)		—			(123,399	)
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and held as    treasury shares (2,700 treasury shares) (note 11(e))		—			(2,029	)		—			—			(2,387	)		—			(4,416	)
Adjustment in respect of prior year acquisition (note 4)								25,949												25,949
Distributions to members		—			—			—			—			—			(2,229,510	)		(2,229,510	)
Balance as at March 31, 2020		71,579,284		$	56,135,489		$	7,707,548		$	(66,772	)	$	11,008,401		$	45,616,909		$	120,401,575

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(Expressed in United States dollars)

			Three months ended March 31,
	Notes		2020			2019
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)			$	(2,134,957	)	$	1,390,790
Adjustments for:
Depreciation of property, equipment and intangibles				9,408,874			8,667,984
Stock-based compensation		11		652,548			564,251
Unrealized foreign exchange				(2,399	)		(2,111	)
Deferred income tax recovery				(579,347	)		(1,192,100	)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		12		(190,992	)		1,400,500
Accretion on contingent consideration and deferred consideration		12		10,145			53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees		12		90,603			65,091
(Gain) loss from equity investment		9		15,666			(125,179	)
Change in current tax receivable				(1,181,116	)		1,003,285
Change in trade and other receivables				3,168,544			529,902
Change in prepaid expenses				(264,843	)		114,134
Change in inventories				26,506			(227,730	)
Change in trade and other payables				(1,385,549	)		94,305
Change in employee benefits				151,134			39,326
Net cash provided by operating activities				7,784,817			12,375,716
Financing activities
Repayment of member loans				—			(49,000	)
Equity investment loan				—			(30,000	)
Proceeds from short-term advances				—			72,534
Payment of deferred consideration				(465,645	)		—
Repayment of notes payable and bank indebtedness				(3,000,000	)		(5,925,000	)
Proceeds from bank indebtedness				5,000,000			—
Payment of deferred financing fees				(34,314	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest				(2,229,510	)		(4,034,800	)
Repurchase of shares for cancellation	11(e)			(127,816	)		(1,493,319	)
Net cash used in financing activities				(857,285	)		(11,459,585	)
Investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment				(1,636	)		(30,418	)
Deferred asset acquisition costs				(159,252	)		(24,193	)
Acquisition of anesthesia services providers		4		—			(5,239,003	)
Net cash used in investing activities				(160,888	)		(5,293,614	)
Effects of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents				(7,848	)		787
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents				6,758,796			(4,376,696	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period				6,568,716			9,946,945
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period			$	13,327,512		$	5,570,249
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash interest paid			$	(606,663	)	$	(884,080	)
Taxes paid			$	(786,053	)	$	(355,839	)
Operating lease payments			$	(69,395	)	$	(92,221	)
Non-cash acquisition costs			$	—		$	(116,025	)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION

Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements
(unaudited)

1. Nature of operations:

CRH Medical Corporation (“CRH” or “the Company”) was incorporated on April 21, 2001 and is incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).  The Company provides anesthesiology services to gastroenterologists in the United States through its subsidiaries and sells its patented proprietary technology for the treatment of hemorrhoids directly to physicians in the United States and Canada.

CRH principally operates in the United States and is headquartered from its registered offices located at Unit 619, 999 Canada Place, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies:  

(a) Basis of presentation:

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP.  These interim financial statements do not include all note disclosures required on an annual basis, and therefore, should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the appropriate securities regulatory authorities.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include reclassifications and normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity and condensed consolidated statements cash flows as at March 31, 2020 and for all periods presented, have been recorded. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the Company's full year results.

(b) Basis of consolidation:

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company through voting control and for the anesthesia business, control over the assets and business operations of the subsidiary through operating agreements.  Control exists when the Company has the continuing power to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial results of the Company from the effective date of acquisition up to the effective date of disposition or loss of control. Minority interests, if any, are valued at fair value at inception. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

(c) Use ofestimates, assumptions and judgments:

ThepreparationoftheCompany’s condensed consolidated interim financial statementsrequiresmanagementtomake judgments, estimatesandassumptionsthataffectthe application of accounting policies, the reportedamounts of assetsandliabilities, the disclosure of contingent assetsand liabilitiesat thedateof the financial statements and thereported amounts of revenues and expenses duringthe reporting period.

Reported amounts and note disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that are most likely to occur and anticipated measures management intends to take.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

3. Recent accounting pronouncements:

(a) Initial adoption of new accounting standards:

(i) In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326)”, which requires companies to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost by applying an “expected credit loss” model based upon past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability. Previously, companies applied an “incurred loss” methodology for recognizing credit losses. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company.

13

3. Recent accounting pronouncements(continued):

(ii) In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Under current guidance, Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test requires entities to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The carrying value in excess of the implied fair value is recognized as goodwill impairment. Under the new standard, goodwill impairment is recognized based on Step 1 of the current guidance, which calculates the carrying value in excess of the reporting unit’s fair value. The new standard is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company.

(b) Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

(i) Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing several exceptions in the current standard and adding guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, such as requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

4. Asset acquisitions:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company did not complete any asset acquisitions.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed five asset acquisitions. These asset acquisitions have been included in the anesthesia segment of the Company and represents the following:

Acquired Operation	Date Acquired	Consideration
Anesthesia Care Associates LLC ("ACA")	January 2019	$	5,355,028
South Metro Anesthesia Associates LLC ("SMAA")	May 2019	$	1,791,431
Crystal River Anesthesia Associates LLC ("CRAA")	July 2019	$	2,174,003
Triad Sedation Associates LLC ("TSA")	November 2019	$	3,828,661
Florida Panhandle Anesthesia Associates LLC ("FPAA")	December 2019	$	2,762,302

The results of operations of the acquired entities have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition as the Company has control over these entities.

14

4. Asset acquisitions (continued):

The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration transferred and the allocated costs of the assets and liabilities acquired at the acquisition date.

	ACA			SMAA			CRAA			TSA			FPAA			Total
Cash	$	5,239,003		$	1,752,465		$	2,130,000		$	3,185,843		$	2,725,000		$	15,032,311
Acquisition costs		116,025			38,966			44,003			15,173			37,302			251,469
Deferred consideration		—			—			—			627,645			—			627,645
Pre-transaction equity interest		—			—			—			1,595,275			—			1,595,275
Purchase consideration	$	5,355,028		$	1,791,431		$	2,174,003		$	5,423,936		$	2,762,302		$	17,506,700
Non-controlling interest	$	—		$	1,465,716		$	2,088,748		$	5,211,233		$	2,653,976		$	11,419,673
	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	10,635,169		$	5,416,278		$	28,926,373
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	8,891,711		$	5,416,278		$	27,182,915
Cash		—			—			—			115,397			—			115,397
Accounts receivable		—			—			—			1,950,219			—			1,950,219
Prepaid expenses and deposits		—			—			—			1,518			—			1,518
Trade payables and other accruals		—			—			—			(323,676	)		—			(323,676	)
Pre-close accounts receivable		50,000			—			—			—			—			50,000
Pre-close accounts payable		(50,000	)		—			—			—			—			(50,000	)
Fair value of net identifiable assets and    liabilities acquired	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	10,635,169		$	5,416,278		$	28,926,373
Exclusive professional services agreements    – amortization term	6 years			5 years			5 years			5 years			5 years
CRH ownership interest		100	%		55	%		51	%		51	%		51	%

The value of the acquired intangible assets, being exclusive professional services agreements, relate to the acquisition of exclusive professional services agreements to provide professional anesthesia services. The amortization term for the agreements is based upon contractual terms within the acquisition agreement and professional services agreement.

The non-controlling interest was determined with reference to the non-controlling interest shareholder’s share of the fair value of the net identifiable assets as estimated by the Company.  

5. Trade and other receivables:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Trade receivables, gross	$	16,851,074		$	20,024,916
Other receivables		53,238			50,756
Less:  allowance for doubtful accounts		(31,569	)		(34,384	)
	$	16,872,743		$	20,041,288
Anesthesia segment – trade receivables, gross		16,142,557			19,081,177
Product segment – trade receivables, gross		708,517			943,739
	$	16,851,074		$	20,024,916

6. Trade and other payables:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade payables	$	1,058,175	$	1,213,276
Accruals and other payables		3,744,348		4,983,465
	$	4,802,523	$	6,196,741

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7. Right of use assets and related obligations:

The Company has applied the exemption to treat short-term leases as executory contracts as well as applied the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components and instead to account for each separate lease component and the non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component.  During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company incurred total operating lease expenses of $90,572 (2019 - $96,611).  For the three months ended March 31, 2020, this included lease expenses associated with fixed lease payments of $69,129 and variable lease payments of $21,443 (2019 - $51,240 and $45,371, respectively).

Lease expense is allocated to operating segments based on the location of the leases, as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Anesthesia services expense	$	28,180	$	34,119
Product sales expense		31,196		27,758
Corporate expense		31,196		34,734
	$	90,572	$	96,611

The weighted average lease term of the Company’s three premises leases is 1.47 years.  The weighted average discount rate used by the Company in calculating the obligation relating to right of use assets is based on the Company’s JP Morgan Facility, which is disclosed in note 10.

The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s undiscounted lease obligations for each of the next five years, reconciled to the obligation as recorded on the balance sheet.

	Undiscounted lease payments
Remainder of 2020	$	58,487
2021		55,498
	$	113,985
Accretion related to outstanding lease obligations		(3,735	)
Total	$	110,250
Current obligation relating to right of use assets	$	73,663
Long-term obligation relating to right of use assets	$	36,587
Total	$	110,250

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8. Intangible assets:

Intangible assets, consisting of acquired exclusive professional service agreements to provide anesthesia services and the cost of acquiring patents, are recorded at historical cost.  For patents, costs also include legal costs involved in expanding the countries in which the patents are recognized to the extent expected cash flows from those countries exceed these costs over the amortization period and costs related to new patents. The amortization term for professional services agreements are based on the contractual terms of the agreements. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives and are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.  Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the following periods:

Asset	Basis	Rate
Intellectual property rights to the CRH O’Regan System	Straight-line	15 years
Intellectual property new technology	Straight-line	20 years
Exclusive professional services agreements	Straight-line	4.5 to 15 years

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Cost
Balance as at December 31, 2019	$	275,113,390	$	532,598	$	275,645,988
Additions through asset acquisitions (note 4)		—		—		—
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	275,113,390	$	532,598	$	275,645,988

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Accumulated depreciation
Balance as at December 31, 2019	$	112,035,676	$	502,119	$	112,537,795
Amortization expense		9,379,278		376		9,379,654
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	121,414,954	$	502,495	$	121,917,449

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Net book value
March 31, 2020	$	153,698,436	$	30,103	$	153,728,539
December 31, 2019	$	163,077,714	$	30,479	$	163,108,193

The Company identified indicators of impairment in respect of six professional services agreements as at March 31, 2020. Upon performing undiscounted cash flow models for these assets, the Companyidentified only two assets that required further review for impairment.  Consistent with the analysis performed at December 31, 2019, the Company performed discounted cash flow modelling for these assets and compared the resultant discounted cash flows expected over the lives of the assets to the carrying amounts as at March 31, 2020.  The income approach was used for the quantitative assessment to estimate the fair value of the assets, which requires estimating future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates in the Company's discounted cash flow model. The overall market outlook and cash flow projections of the reporting unit involves the use of key assumptions, including anesthesia growth rates, revenue rates per case, discount rates and operating cost growth rates. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (see note 14), has been incorporated into the Company’s key assumptions and underlying cash flow estimates; however, due to uncertainties in the estimates that are inherent to the Company's industry and uncertainties around the duration and longevity of the pandemic, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made. Many key assumptions in the cash flow projections are interdependent on each other. A change in any one or combination of these assumptions could impact the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. As a result of this test, no write-downs to the intangible assets were required.

As at December 31, 2019, the Company identified indicators of impairment in respect of six of its professional services agreements.  Upon performing undiscounted cash flow models for these assets, the Company identified only two assets that required further review for impairment.  The Company performed discounted cash flow modelling for these assets and compared the resultant discounted cash flows expected over the life of the assets to the carrying amounts as at December 31, 2019.  

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8. Intangible assets (continued):

As a result of this test, no write-downs to the intangible assets were required.

Various of the Company’s professional services agreements are subject to renewal terms.  The weighted average period before the Company’s professional services agreements are up for renewal is 3.08 years.  The weighted average remaining amortization period for the Company’s professional services agreements is 4.91 years.

Based on the Company’s professional services agreements in place at March 31, 2020, the Company anticipates that the amortization expense to be incurred by the Company over the next five years is as follows:

	Amortization Expense
For professional services agreements as at March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	28,058,866
2021		32,132,359
2022		25,411,095
2023		21,264,711
2024		19,340,794
The first three months of 2025		3,274,220
	$	129,482,045

9. Equity investment:

In October 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Digestive Health Specialists (“DHS”), located in North Carolina, to assist DHS in the development and management of a monitored anesthesia care program. Under the terms of the agreement, CRH was a 15% equity owner in the anesthesia business, Triad Sedation Associates LLC (“TSA”) and received compensation for its billing and collection services. Under the terms of the limited liability company agreement, CRH had the right, at CRH’s option, to acquire an additional 36% interest in the anesthesia business at a future date, but no sooner than November 2019. The Company assessed and concluded that, as TSA was an LLC, equity method accounting was required under ASC 970-323 until such time as a change in ownership interest occurred. On November 1, 2019, the Company acquired control of TSA via the exercise of its option to acquire an additional 36% interest. Refer to note 4.

The option agreement was determined to be an executory contract and both the equity interest and option agreement were determined to have only nominal value upon grant date and as at March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes unaudited financial information for the TSA equity method investee for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  As at and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, TSA is consolidated 100% within the results of the Company.

Results of operations	Three months ended March 31, 2019
Anesthesia revenue	$	1,106,603
Anesthesia services expense		360,605
Net income	$	745,998

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10. Notes payable:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current portion	$	—	$	—
Non-current portion		70,436,634		68,380,345
Total loans and borrowings	$	70,436,634	$	68,380,345

J.P. Morgan Chase (“JP Morgan Facility”)

On October 22, 2019, the Company entered into a three year revolving credit line which provides up to $200 million in borrowing capacity. The JP Morgan Facility includes a committed $125 million facility and access to an accordion feature that increases the amount of the credit available to the Company by $75 million. Interest on the JP Morgan Facility is calculated with reference to LIBOR plus 1.25% to 1.75%, dependent on the Company’s total leverage ratio. The JP Morgan Facility is secured by the assets of the Company and matures on October 22, 2022. Since the JP Morgan Facility is a syndicated facility, which includes the Bank of Nova Scotia as a lender, any remaining deferred financing fees under the previous Scotia Facility were retained and are amortized over the term of the new facility. The Company incurred deferred financing fees of $839,893 in connection with this facility in the year ended December 31, 2019. The remaining unamortized fees relating to the JP Morgan Facility as of March 31, 2020 were $904,736.  Under the JP Morgan Facility, there are no quarterly or annual repayment requirements. As at March 31, 2020, the Company had drawn $71,341,370 on the JP Morgan Facility (2019 - $69,341,370).   As at March 31, 2020, the Company is required to maintain the following financial covenants in respect of this Facility:  

Financial Covenant	Required Ratio
Total leverage ratio	Not greater than 3.00:1.00
Interest coverage ratio	Not less than 3.00:1.00

The Company is in compliance with all covenants as at March 31, 2020.

The consolidated minimum loan payments (principal) for all loan agreements in the future are as follows:

	Minimum Principal
At March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	—
2022		71,341,370
	$	71,341,370

11. Share capital:

(a) Authorized:

100,000,000 common shares without par value.

(b) Issued and outstanding – common shares:

Other than in connection with shares issued in respect of the Company’s share unit and share option plans and in connection with the Company’s normal course issuer bid (note 11(e)), there were no share transactions in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

(c) Share unit plan:

In June 2017, the shareholders of the Company approved a Share Unit Plan.   Employees, directors and eligible consultants of the Company and its designated subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the Share Unit Plan. In accordance with the terms of the plan, the Company will approve those employees, directors and eligible consultants who are entitled to receive share units and the number of share units to be awarded to each participant. Each share unit awarded conditionally entitles the participant to receive one common share of the Company upon attainment of the share unit vesting criteria.  The vesting of share units is conditional upon the expiry of time-based vesting conditions or performance-based vesting conditions or a combination of the two.  Once the share units vest, the participant is entitled to receive the equivalent number of underlying common shares; the Company issues new shares in satisfying its obligations under the plan.  

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11. Share capital (continued):

A summary of the status of the plan as of March 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Time based share units			Performance based share units
Outstanding, December 31, 2019		2,147,500			950,000
Issued		—			—
Exercised		(50,000	)		—
Forfeited		(47,500	)		—
Expired		—			—
Outstanding, March 31, 2020		2,050,000			950,000
Vested		—			—
Expected to vest		2,050,000			—

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $570,254 (2019 – $564,251)in compensation expense in relation to share units.

(d) Stock-option plan:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there was no activity in the Company’s stock-option plan.  

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $82,294 (2019 - $nil) in compensation expense in relation to options.

(e) Normal Course Issuer Bid:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 77,000 (2019 – 488,600) of its shares under its Normal Course Issuer Bid for a total cost, including transaction fees, of $128,365 (CAD$178,486) (2019 - $1,496,588 (CAD$1,988,859)). As at March 31, 2020, 74,300 of these shares had been cancelled with the remaining 2,700 shares cancelled on April 3, 2020.

(f) Loss pershare:

The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Net loss			Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		Per share amount			Net loss			Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		Per share amount
Net loss attributable to shareholders:
Loss per common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(2,078,494	)		71,608,769	$	(0.029	)	$	(76,968	)		71,823,368	$	(0.001	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, 1,004,687 options (2019– 1,344,687) and 2,676,896 share units (2019 – 2,119,250) were excluded from the diluted weighted average number of common shares calculation.

The average market value of the Company’s shares for purposes of calculating the dilutive effect of share options was based on quoted market prices for the period during which the options were outstanding.  The treasury method is used to determine the calculation of dilutive shares.

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12. Net finance expense

Recognized in earnings in the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Finance income:
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value through earnings (note 13)	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Total finance income	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Finance expense:
Interest and accretion expense on borrowings	$	587,084		$	873,120
Accretion expense on earn-out obligation and deferred    consideration		10,145			53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees		90,603			65,091
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value    through earnings (note 13)		—			1,400,500
Total finance expense	$	687,832		$	2,391,979
Net finance expense	$	496,840		$	2,391,979

13. Financial instruments:

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, employee benefit obligations, short term advances, notes payable and bank indebtedness, deferred consideration and the Company’s earn-out obligation.  The fair values of these financial instruments, except the notes payable balances, the deferred consideration and the earn-out obligation, approximate carrying value because of their short-term nature. The earn-out obligation is recorded at fair value.  The fair value of the notes payable and bank indebtedness, which is comprised of the JP Morgan Facility, approximates carrying value as it is a floating rate instrument.  The Company’s deferred consideration relating to its Austin Gastroenterology Anesthesia Associates LLC (“AGAA”) acquisition in 2016 was initially measured at fair value and is being accreted to its face value over a period of four years from the acquisition date.  Additionally, the Company has included amounts within deferred compensation relating to payments under its TSA and CCAA transactions; these amounts are repayable within one year.  

An established fair value hierarchy requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement.  There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

• Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

• Level 3 - inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Liabilities	March 31, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Earn-out obligation	$	872,068	$	—	$	—	$	872,068
Total	$	872,068	$	—	$	—	$	872,068

Liabilities	December 31, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Earn-out obligation	$	1,063,060	$	—	$	—	$	1,063,060
Total	$	1,063,060	$	—	$	—	$	1,063,060

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13. Financial instruments (continued):

The Company’s earn-out obligation is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).  The earn-out obligation relates to the Company’s Gastroenterology Anesthesia Associates LLC acquisition, which was acquired in 2014.  As part of the transaction, the Company is required to pay consideration contingent on the post-acquisition earnings of the acquired asset.  In the year-ended December 31, 2019, the Company paid $4,795,822 as partial payment of the amount owing under its earn-out obligation; the Company expects to pay the remaining obligation of $872,068 within one year.  The Company measures the fair value of the earn-out obligation based on its best estimate of the cash outflows payable in respect of the earn-out obligation.  This valuation technique includes inputs relating to estimated cash outflows under the arrangement.  The Company evaluates the inputs into the valuation technique at each reporting period.  During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company revised its estimate underlying the remaining amount to be paid under the earn-out obligation. The amendment of the cash outflow estimates underlying the earn-out resulted in a decreaseof $190,992 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to the fair value of the earn-out obligation.  The impact of this adjustment was recorded through finance expense in the period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded accretion expense of $nil (2019 - $33,658), in relation to this liability, reflecting the change in fair value of the liabilities that is attributable to credit risk.

Reconciliation of level 3 fair values:

	Earn-out obligation
Balance as at January 1, 2020	$	1,063,060
Recorded in finance expense:
Fair value adjustment		(190,992	)
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	872,068

14. Commitments and contingencies:

The Company is a party to a variety of agreements in the ordinary course of business under which it may be obligated to indemnify third parties with respect to certain matters.  These obligations include, but are not limited to, contracts entered into with physicians where the Company agrees, under certain circumstances, to indemnify a third party against losses arising from matters including but not limited to medical malpractice and product liability.  The impact of any such future claims, if made, on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as to final outcome of these potential claims.

In March 2020 the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The situation is dynamic and the ultimate duration and magnitude of the impact on the economy and our business are not known at this time. These impacts could include an impact on our ability to obtain debt and equity financing, impairment in the value of our long-lived assets, or potential future decrease in revenue or the profitability of our going operations.

15. Related party transactions:

Balances and transactions between the Company and its wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.  Details of the transactions between the Company and other related parties are disclosed below:

(a) Related party transactions:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company made product sales totaling $7,190(2019 - $7,000) to one company owned or controlled by one of the Company’s Directors.  The transaction terms with related parties may not be on the same price as those that would result from transactions among non-related parties.  The amount owed by this related party as of March 31, 2020 was $nil (2019 - $nil).

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16. Segmented information:

The Company operates in two industry segments: the sale of medical products and the provision of anesthesia services. The revenues relating to geographic segments based on customer location, in United States dollars, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Revenue:
Canada and other	$	64,672	$	50,060
United States		25,390,120		29,069,030
Total	$	25,454,792	$	29,119,090

The Company’s revenues are disaggregated below into categories which differ in terms of the economic factors which impact the amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Revenue:
Commercial Insurers	$	18,608,510	$	22,202,878
Federal Insurers		4,472,812		4,353,403
Physicians		2,304,395		2,426,124
Other		69,075		136,685
Total	$	25,454,792	$	29,119,090

The Company’s property and equipment, intangibles, other assets and total assets are located in the following geographic regions as at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	2020		2019
Property and equipment:
Canada	$	186,928	$	210,386
United States	$	37,422		41,547
Total	$	224,350	$	251,933
Intangible assets:
Canada	$	30,101	$	30,478
United States	$	153,698,438		163,077,715
Total	$	153,728,539	$	163,108,193
Total assets:
Canada	$	7,683,885	$	3,231,845
United States	$	191,655,837		199,863,424
Total	$	199,339,722	$	203,095,269

The financial measures reviewed by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker are presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.The Company does not allocate expenses related to corporate activities. These expenses are presented within “Other” to allow for reconciliation to reported measures.

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Anesthesia services			Product sales		Other			Total
Revenue	$	23,150,397		$	2,304,395	$	—		$	25,454,792
Operating costs		24,629,366			1,191,484		2,230,804			28,051,654
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,478,969	)	$	1,112,911	$	(2,230,804	)	$	(2,596,862	)

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16. Segmented information(continued):

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Anesthesia services		Product sales		Other			Total
Revenue	$	26,692,966	$	2,426,124	$	—		$	29,119,090
Operating costs		22,559,355		1,134,477		1,600,409			25,294,241
Operating income (loss)	$	4,133,611	$	1,291,647	$	(1,600,409	)	$	3,824,849

Additionally, the Company incurs the following in each of its operating segments:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Anesthesia services			Product sales		Other		Total
Finance (income) expense	$	(180,847	)	$	—	$	677,687	$	496,840
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	9,383,403		$	5,295	$	20,176	$	9,408,874

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Anesthesia services		Product sales		Other		Total
Finance expense	$	1,453,768	$	—	$	938,211	$	2,391,979
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	8,643,707	$	9,172	$	15,105	$	8,667,984

17. Subsequent event:

On April 17, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds of $2,945,620 (“PPP Loan”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) in order to enable small businesses to pay employees during the COVID-19 crisis, and provides loans to qualifying businesses for up to 2.5 times their average monthly payroll costs. The amount borrowed under the PPP is expected to be eligible to be forgiven provided that the borrower uses the loan proceeds during the eight week period after receiving them, and provided that the proceeds are used to cover payroll costs (including benefits), rent, mortgage interest, and utility costs. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if, among other reasons, the borrower does not maintain staffing or payroll levels.

Principal and interest payments on any unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan will be deferred for six months and will accrue interest at a fixed annual rate of 1%. Additionally, the remaining PPP Loan balance will carry a two year maturity date. There is no prepayment penalty on the PPP Loan.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our audited financial statements and related notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2020 and with the securities commissions in all provinces and territories of Canada on March 11, 2020. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the following sections, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. As a result of many factors, including without limitation those set forth under “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of Part II below, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements which reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Throughout this discussion, unless the context specifies or implies otherwise, the terms “CRH,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to CRH Medical Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Overview

CRH is a North American company focused on providing GIs with innovative services and products for the treatment of GI diseases. In 2014, CRH acquired a full service gastroenterology anesthesia company, GAA, which provides anesthesia services for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. CRH has complemented this transaction with twenty-four additional acquisitions of GI anesthesia companies since GAA.

According to the CDC, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and recent research indicates that the incidence of colon cancer in young adults is on the rise. The CDC has implemented campaigns to raise awareness of GI health and drive colorectal cancer screening rates among at risk populations. Colon cancer is treatable if detected early and screening colonoscopies are the most effective way to detect colon cancer in its early stages. Anesthesia-assisted endoscopies are the standard of care for colonoscopies and upper endoscopies.

CRH’s goal is to establish itself as the premier provider of innovative products and essential services to GIs throughout the United States. The Company’s CRH O’Regan System distribution strategy focuses on physician education, patient outcomes, and patient awareness. The O’Regan System is a single use, disposable, hemorrhoid banding technology that is safe and highly effective in treating hemorrhoid grades I – IV. CRH distributes the CRH O’Regan System, treatment protocols, operational and marketing expertise as a complete, turnkey package directly to physicians, allowing CRH to create meaningful relationships with the physicians it serves.

The Company has financed its cash requirements primarily from revenues generated from the sale of its product directly to physicians, GI anesthesia revenue, equity financings, debt financing and revolving and term credit facilities. The Company’s ability to maintain the carrying value of its assets is dependent on the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and the easing of related governmental restrictions and on the Company successfully marketing its products and services, obtaining reasonable rates for anesthesia services and maintaining future profitable operations, the outcome of which cannot be predicted at this time. The Company has also stated its intention to acquire or develop additional GI anesthesia businesses. In the future, it may be necessary for the Company to raise additional funds for the continuing development of its business plan, including additional acquisitions.

Recent Events

COVID-19 – March 2020

In March 2020, a pandemic relating to a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 occurred causing significant financial market disruption and social dislocation. The pandemic is dynamic with various cities, counties, states and countries around the world responding in different ways to address and contain the outbreak, including the declaration of a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, a National State of Emergency in the United States and state and local executive orders and ordinances forcing the closure of non-essential businesses and persons not employed in or using essential services to “stay at home” or “shelter in place”. At this stage, we have no certainty as to how long the pandemic will last, what regions will be most effected or to what extent containment measures will be applied.  As a result of the pandemic, the Company’s operations were impacted in the last half of March 2020 and continue to be significantly impacted to the date of this report.  Many of our ambulatory surgery center customers have had to temporarily close centers through this phase of the pandemic.While we expect the Anesthesia Service Centers (“ASCs”) that we service to re-open in the near-term with the easing of coronavirus restrictions, there is no certainty regarding timing and extent of these locations re-opening, nor is there a guarantee of remaining open should the pandemic recur.  

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Starting in mid-March 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in the United States have cancelled or deferred non-emergent procedures or otherwise avoided medical treatment, resulting in reduced patient volumes and operating revenues and income from both our Products and Anesthesia Services businesses.  These cancellations and deferrals have continued throughout April and the first half of May and are expected to significantly impact our results during the second quarter of 2020.Until the centres that we serve are open and fully operational, we will see significant declines in revenue and operating income. See “Risk Factors – Our operations and financial results have been and could be further harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Paycheck Protection Program – April 2020

On April 17, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds of $2,945,620 under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”).  The PPP was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) in order to enable small businesses to pay employees during the coronavirus crisis, and provides loans to qualifying businesses for up to 2.5 times their average monthly payroll costs. The amount borrowed under the PPP is expected to be eligible to be forgiven provided that the borrower uses the loan proceeds during the eight week period after receiving them, and provided that the proceeds are used to cover payroll costs (including benefits), rent, mortgage interest, and utility costs. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if, among other reasons, the borrower does not maintain staffing or payroll levels.

Principal and interest payments on any unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan will be deferred for six months and will accrue interest at a fixed annual rate of 1%. Additionally, the remaining PPP Loan balance will carry a two year maturity date. There is no prepayment penalty on the PPP Loan.

New Director – April 2020

Effective April 23, 2020, the Company appointed Brian Griffin to its Board of Directors, replacing Anthony Holler who resigned as director on March 19, 2020.

Mr. Griffin has a proven track record of over 35 years of senior leadership and operational experience in healthcare. He most recently served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Diplomat Pharmacy Inc., one of the nation’s largest independent Specialty Pharmacies and Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBM), until it was recently acquired by UnitedHealth Group Inc. (NYSE: UNH). Previously, Mr. Griffin joined Anthem (NYSE: ANTM), in 2013, initially as President and Chief Executive Officer of its Empire BlueCross BlueShield – New York Company, and ultimately assuming the role of President of Anthem’s Commercial Business, including its 14 BlueCross BlueShield plans nationwide. Thereafter, Mr. Griffin was named Chief Executive Officer of IngenioRx, Anthem’s wholly owned national PBM. Mr. Griffin also held positions of increasing responsibility with Medco Health Solutions, Inc. and US Healthcare, Inc.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There are no changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in our annual MD&A contained in our Annual Report Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

Please refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to our business.  

Results of Operations

The following tables provide a detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. For each of the periods indicated below, we present our revenues by business segment, as well as present key metrics, such as operating expenses, operating income and net and comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of the company and non-controlling interest, from our statements of operations.

The selected financial information provided below has been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“US GAAP”).

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SELECTED US GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019			% Change
Anesthesia services revenue	$	23,150,397		$	26,692,966		(13)%
Product sales revenue	$	2,304,395		$	2,426,124		(5)%
Total revenue		25,454,792			29,119,090		(13)%
Total operating expenses, including:		28,051,654			25,294,241		11%
Depreciation and amortization expense		9,408,874			8,667,984		9%
Stock based compensation expense		652,548			564,251		16%
Operating income (loss)		(2,596,862	)		3,824,849		(168)%
Operating margin		(10.2	)%		13.1	%
(Gain) Loss from equity investment		15,666			(125,179	)	(113)%
Net finance expense		496,840			2,391,979		(79)%
Tax expense (recovery)		(974,411	)		167,259		(683)%
Net and comprehensive income (loss)	$	(2,134,957	)	$	1,390,790		(254)%
Attributable to:
Shareholders of the Company	$	(2,078,494	)	$	(76,968	)	2,600%
Non-controlling interest2	$	(56,463	)	$	1,467,758		(104)%
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	7,784,817		$	12,375,716		(37)%
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(2,229,510	)		(4,034,800	)	(45)%
Net cash provided by operating activities    less distributions to non-controlling interest	$	5,555,307		$	8,340,916		(33)%
Earnings per share attributable to shareholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.029	)	$	(0.001	)

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

In addition to results reported in accordance with US GAAP, the Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures as supplemental indicators of its financial and operating performance as we believe these non-GAAP measures will be useful to investors as this presentation is in line with how our management assesses our Company’s performance. These non-GAAP financial measures include Adjusted operating EBITDA, Adjusted operating EBITDA margin and Adjusted operating expenses. The Company believes these supplementary financial measures reflect the Company’s ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful period-to-period comparisons and analysis of trends in its business.

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION – NON-GAAP MEASURES¹

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019			% Change
Total Adjusted operating expenses	$	17,907,303		$	16,041,949		12%
Adjusted operating EBITDA – non - controlling    interest2		2,676,028			4,311,286		(38)%
Adjusted operating EBITDA - shareholders of    the Company		4,871,461			8,765,854		(44)%
Adjusted operating EBITDA - total	$	7,547,489		$	13,077,140		(42)%
Adjusted operating EBITDA margin		29.7	%		44.9	%

¹See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.

²Non-controlling interest reflects the ownership interest of persons holding non-controlling interests in non-wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.

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Results of Operations for the threemonths endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $25,454,792 compared to $29,119,090 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The 13% decrease is mainly attributable to revenue volume declines, due to closures of sites as a result of COVID-19.  This impacted both our anesthesia and product segments.  Additionally, in our anesthesia segment, revenue declined due to other factors, described below.

Revenues from anesthesia services for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $23,150,397 compared to $26,692,966 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. While the Company saw some increases as a result of the Company’s anesthesia acquisitions completed in 2019; there were additional factors, namely COVID-19, which resulted in the overall decline in cases and in revenue between Q1 2020 and Q1 2019. The overall $3.5 million decrease in revenue from the prior period is reflective of the following:

• growth through acquisitions completed in 2019 contributed $2.2 million of the increase when comparing the two periods;

• case declines in our entities equivalent to $2.8 million.  After excluding case growth from acquisitions, above, cases declined by 11% from cases reported in the first quarter of 2019.  The decline in case growth is related to closures of anesthesia service centers where we provide our services.  Many locations started closures as early as mid-March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  Prior to COVID-19, cases in January and February 2020, excluding case growth from acquisitions, were up 4% when compared to the same period in 2019. If this trend were to continue, we would have expected to experience positive volume variances for the quarter;

• changes in non-contract payor reimbursement strategies and payor mix, primarily related to entities acquired prior to 2019, decreased 2020 revenue by approximately $1.6 million when compared to 2019; and

• in the first quarter of 2019 we recognized $1.2 million of additional variable consideration from procedures completed in the prior year based on actual recoveries compared to our estimates. Included within the first quarter of 2020 revenue is a negative prior period revenue adjustment of approximately $0.1 million.

As adjusted operating expenses¹ are largely fixed in nature, changes in revenue primarily drive changes in operating income and adjusted operating EBITDA¹.

In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the anesthesia services segment serviced 77,993 patient cases compared to 77,501 patient cases during the quarter ended March 31, 2019. Patient cases exclude any patient cases serviced by the Company’s equity held investment, TSA, for the period ended March 31, 2019.  After excluding patient cases from acquisitions completed after March 31, 2019, the anesthesia services segment serviced 69,559 cases in the first quarter of 2020.

The tables below summarize our payor mix as a percentage of all patient cases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended
Payor	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Change
Commercial		56.3	%		58.1	%		(3.1	)%
Federal		43.7	%		41.9	%		4.3	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

The payor mix for the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes acquisitions completed during 2019 and as a result is not directly comparable to the three months ended March 31, 2019. As we acquire anesthesia providers, these providers may have different payor mix profiles and impact our overall payor mix above.

¹See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.

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The table below summarizes our approximate payor mix as a percentage of all patient cases for the threemonths ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, but exclude patient cases related to acquisitions completed in 2019 as inclusion of these acquisitions would reduce comparability of the data presented.

	Three months ended
Payor	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Change
Commercial		58.2	%		58.6	%		(0.7	)%
Federal		41.8	%		41.4	%		1.0	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

Revenues from product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $2,304,395 compared to $2,426,124 for the comparable period in 2019. Product sales in January 2020 and February 2020 exceeded 2019 comparatives; however, with the COVID-19 pandemic, sales of our ligators declined in March 2020 with the decline in demand from GI physicians as patients in the United States cancelled or deferred non-emergent procedures or otherwise avoided medical treatment. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has trained 3,204 physicians to use the O’Regan System, representing 1,231 clinical practices. This compares to 2,999 physicians trained, representing 1,139 clinical practices, as of March 31, 2019.

Total operating expenses

Total operating expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $28,051,654 compared to $25,294,241 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in operating expenses is largely driven by increases seen in total adjusted operating expense (refer to the “Total adjusted operating expenses – Non-GAAP section below), as well as increases seen in amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense.  While anesthesia cases and revenue declined due to COVID-19, payroll expenses though generally fixed respond more slowly to changes in volume and thus did not significantly decline.  The Company did not see any operating expense declines due to case volume reductions and reduced activity levels until April 2020.

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by 9% from 2019. This is a result of incremental amortization expense related to asset acquisitions completed in 2019 and the related intangible assets that were acquired.  

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by 16% when compared to 2019.  This increase is a result of a change in mix in the composition of awards held by the Company in the period.

Total adjusted operating expenses – Non-GAAP¹

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, total adjusted operating expenses were $17,907,303 compared to $16,041,949 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Increases in adjusted operating expenses are primarily related to adjusted operating expenses in the anesthesia services business.

Anesthesia services adjusted operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $15,094,199, compared to $13,778,571 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Anesthesia services adjusted operating expenses primarily include labor related costs for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists and MD anesthesiologists, billing and management related expenses, medical drugs and supplies, and other related expenses. The Company’s first anesthesia acquisition was in the fourth quarter of 2014, with twenty-four further acquisitions completed in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. As a result, the first quarter of 2020 is not directly comparable.  The majority of the increase relating to operating expenses relates to companies acquired in 2019.   Excluding the impact of acquisitions, anesthesia services adjusted operating expense increased by 1.8% compared to the first quarter of 2019.  Though revenue may fluctuate, adjusted operating expenses, which are primarily employee related costs, due to their fixed nature, primarily increase as a result of the Company’s acquisition strategy.  As noted above, due to the nature of the Company’s operating expenses, which are primarily payroll, the Company did not experience any declines in costs associated with the revenue and case declines caused by COVID-19 in the first quarter of the year.  Beginning April 2020, the Company was able to reduce its workforce for anesthesia case volume declines and therefore reduce its operating expenses.

Total adjusted operating expenses per case¹ for the anesthesia segment were $194 per case for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This rate per case is higher than the rate per case of $178 seen in the three months ended March 31, 2019, largely due to the volume decline as a result of COVID-19. After affecting for an 11% volume decline due to COVID-19, we would expect the adjusted operating expense per case for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to be $174 per case, lower than the per case rate seen in the first quarter of 2019.  

¹See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.

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Product sales adjusted operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $1,057,327 compared to $1,052,854 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. In general, costs have remainedconsistent when compared to 2019.  Beginning April 2020, the Company has been able to more closely align employee expenses with the reduced demand caused by COVID-19.

Corporate adjusted operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $1,755,777 compared to $1,210,524 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in corporate adjusted operating expense is a reflection of higher professional fees, increased director fees and employee related costs, and, in general, is reflective of the increasing complexity of our business which is also increasing our compliance costs. As a result of the impact of COVID-19 on the profitability of the Company, the Company has instituted a reduction in executive compensation in mid-April 2020; looking forward, this will reduce Corporate adjusted operating expenses.

Operating Income (Loss)

Operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $2,596,862 compared to operating income of $3,824,849 for the same period in 2019. The following schedule reconciles the changes in operating income between periods:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
Operating income – comparable period 2019	$	3,824,849
Decrease in period revenues		(3,664,298	)
Increase in period adjusted operating expenses1		(1,865,351	)
Increase in period amortization and depreciation expense		(740,889	)
Increase in period stock based compensation expense		(88,297	)
Inventory write-down in the period		(64,911	)
Decrease in period acquisition expenses		2,035
Operating loss – 2020	$	(2,596,862	)

Changes in the Company’s revenues and adjusted operating expenses⁵ are described above within their respective sections. Fluctuations in revenue will not necessarily result in correlating fluctuations in operating expenses due to the fixed nature of these costs and as such will impact operating income.

The primary driver of the decline in operating income is the reduction in anesthesia and product revenues in the quarter, with much of the reduction directly correlated with COVID-19 and its impact on the Company’s anesthesia case and product sales volumes. With expenses being predominantly fixed, any change in revenue, specifically case volume, directly impacts operating income until the Company is able to respond via reductions in workforce.  Contributing to the decrease in operating income for the three months are incremental costs relating to acquired professional services agreements in 2019 as well as slight increases seen in stock-based compensation and acquisition expenses.

Anesthesia operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $1,478,969, a decrease of $5,612,580 from the same period in 2019. The decrease in the quarter is primarily reflective of the decrease in adjusted operating EBITDA¹ in the quarter (calculated above as revenues less adjusted operating expenses), in conjunction with an incremental increase in amortization expense in the quarter of $738,318 when comparing the first quarter of 2020 to the first quarter of 2019. The reduction in adjusted operating EBITDA¹ is largely a reflection of declines in anesthesia revenue, much of which is related to COVID-19, as well as the Company’s inability to reduce its operating expenses in the short-term.

Product operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $1,112,911, a decrease of $178,736 from the same period in 2019. With product operating expenses remaining relatively consistent between the first quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2019, the decline in operating income is primarily driven by the decline in revenues in the quarter as a result of COVID-19 and its impact on sales in March 2020.

¹ See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for definitions and reconciliations of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.

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Adjusted operating EBITDA¹ – Non-GAAP

Adjusted operating EBITDA attributable to shareholders of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $4,871,461, a decrease of $3,894,383 when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in adjusted operating EBITDA attributable to shareholders is primarily a reflection of the overall net decline in revenue (described within the revenue section, but largely attributable to COVID-19) in conjunction with overall increases in adjusted operating expenses.  While revenue declined due to case volume decreases due to COVID-19, significant reductions in operating expenses, primarily payroll, were not effective until early April 2020.

Adjusted operating EBITDA attributable to non-controlling interest was $2,676,028 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $4,311,286 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This comprises the non-controlling interests’ share of revenues of $6,790,205 and adjusted operating expenses of $4,114,177. The decrease in non-controlling interest is a result of the same net revenue declines in conjunction with overall increases in adjusted operating expenses as described above. Additionally, the Company acquired the non-controlling 49% in Arapahoe in April 2019 and CCAA in August 2019; the financial results of these entities are now included 100% in adjusted operating EBITDA attributable to shareholders.

Total adjusted operating EBITDA was $7,547,489 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, a decrease of 42% from the same period in 2019.

Net finance expense

As a result of the Company’s debt facilities and long-term finance obligations, including its earn-out obligation, the Company has recorded a net finance expense of $496,840 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to net finance expense of $2,391,979 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Net finance expense is comprised of both interest and other debt related expenses, including fair value adjustments. Fair value adjustments related to the Company’s earn-out obligation are the primary driver of significant fluctuations in finance expense between comparable periods.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Finance income:
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value    through earnings	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Total finance income	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Finance expense:
Interest and accretion expense on borrowings	$	587,084		$	873,120
Accretion expense on earn-out obligation and deferred    consideration		10,145			53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees		90,603			65,091
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value    through earnings		—			1,400,500
Total finance expense	$	687,832		$	2,391,979
Net finance expense	$	496,840		$	2,391,979

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized a fair value adjustment of $190,992 in respect of its earn-out obligation. The fair value adjustment resulted from changes in estimates underlying the Company’s earn-out obligation. The changes in estimates underlying the Company’s earn-out obligation were driven primarily by the changes in the cash flow estimates, which were driven by both changes in payor mix and revenue rates per unit.

Cash interest paid in the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $606,663 compared to $884,080 cash interest paid in the comparable period of 2019. The decrease in cash interest paid is reflective of the lower LIBOR rates in 2020 as well as the credit spread on the Company’s current JP Morgan Facility being lower than its previous Scotia Facility. As at March 31, 2020, the Company owed $71,341,370 under its JP Morgan Facility as compared to $69,341,370 owed at December 31, 2019.

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(Gain) Loss from Equity Investment

Equity income was derived from the Company’s 15% equity interest in Triad Sedation Associates LLC (“TSA”). TSA began operating in February 2019 and was the result of an agreement between CRH and Digestive Health Specialists (“DHS”), located in North Carolina, whereby CRH assists DHS in the development and management of a monitored anesthesia care program.  Under the terms of the agreement, CRH was a 15% equity owner in the anesthesia business and receives compensation for its billing and collection services.  Under the terms of the limited liability company agreement, CRH had the right, at CRH’s option, to acquire an additional 36% interest in the anesthesia business at a future date, which it exercised in November 2019.  Upon exercise of the option, CRH obtained control of TSA and TSA was therefore consolidated 100% within the results of CRH from the date control was acquired.  As a result, TSA is not an equity investment as at March 31, 2020, thus causing the decline in equity income when comparing the first quarter of 2020 to the first quarter of 2019.

Income tax expense (recovery)

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded an income tax recovery of $974,411 compared to income tax expense of $167,259 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Income tax expense relates only to income attributable to the Company’s shareholders and the income tax recovery in the period is driven by the Company’s net loss before tax, which in turn is driven by the impact COVID-19 has had on the Company’s operating results.  

Net and comprehensive loss

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net and comprehensive loss attributable to shareholders of the Company of $2,078,494 compared to a net and comprehensive loss attributable to shareholders of $76,968 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in the loss quarter over quarter is largely a reflection of the decrease in adjusted operating EBITDA attributable to shareholders which is largely driven by the impact of COVID-19 in the quarter, offset by tax recoveries in the period.

Net and comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest was $56,543 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the net and comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest of $1,467,758 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Consistent with the loss attributable to shareholders, the net and comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest in the period is a result of the impact COVID-19 has had on the Company’s operating results in the quarter.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

As discussed above, in addition to results reported in accordance with US GAAP, the Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted operating expenses (in total and broken down by operating segment), adjusted operating EBITDA (in total and broken down as attributable to non-controlling interest and shareholders of the Company), and adjusted operating EBITDA margin as supplemental indicators of its financial and operating performance. These non-GAAP measures are not recognized measures under US GAAP and do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“US GAAP”) and thus the Company’s definition may be different from and unlikely to be comparable to non-GAAP measures presented by other companies. These measures are provided as additional information to complement US GAAP measures by providing further understanding of the Company’s results of operations from management’s perspective. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for analyses of the Company’s financial information reported under US GAAP. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to provide investors with a supplemental measure of the Company’s operating performance and thus highlight trends in the Company’s core business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on US GAAP financial measures. Management also believes that securities analysts, investors and other interested parties frequently use non-GAAP measures in the evaluation of issuers. In addition, management uses these non-GAAP measures in order to facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period, prepare annual operating budgets, and to assess its ability to meet future debt service, capital expenditure, and working capital requirements. The definitions of these measures, as well as a reconciliation of the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP to each non-GAAP measure, are presented below.

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Adjusted operating EBITDA: The Company defines adjusted operating EBITDA as operating earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock based compensation, acquisition related expenses, asset impairment charges and other non-recurring expenses.  Adjusted operating EBITDA is presented on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal management reports. The Company analyzes and discloses adjusted operating EBITDA to capture the profitability of its business before the impact of items not considered in management’s evaluation of operating unit performance.

Adjusted operating EBITDA margin. The Company defines adjusted operating EBITDA margin as operating earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock based compensation, acquisition related expenses, asset impairment charges and other non-recurring expenses as a percentage of revenue. Adjusted operating EBITDA margin is presented on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal management reports. The Company analyzes and discloses adjusted operating EBITDA margin to capture the profitability of its business before the impact of items not considered in management’s evaluation of operating performance.

Adjusted operating expenses: The Company defines adjusted operating expenses as operating expenses before acquisition related expenses, stock based compensation, depreciation, amortization, asset impairment charges and other non-recurring expenses. Adjusted operating expenses are presented on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal management reports. The Company analyzes and discloses adjusted operating expenses to capture the operating cost of the business before the impact of items not considered in management’s evaluation of operating costs.

Adjusted operating expense per case – Anesthesia segment: The Company defines adjusted operating expense per case for the anesthesia segment as adjusted operating expense for the anesthesia segment divided by anesthesia cases serviced in the period. The Company analyzes and discloses adjusted operating expenses to capture the operating cost of the business before the impact of items not considered in management’s evaluation of operating costs and evaluates these costs as a per case metric.

The Company's management believes that the presentation of the above defined Non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors because they reflect the Company’s ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful period-to-period comparisons and analysis of trends in its business. In addition, they portray the financial results of the Company before the impact of certain non-operational charges. The use of the term “non-operational charge” is defined for this purpose as an expense that does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company's management. These items are excluded based upon the way the Company's management evaluates the performance of the Company's business for use in the Company's internal reports and are not excluded in the sense that they may be used under US GAAP.

The Company does not acquire businesses on a predictable cycle, and therefore believes that the presentation of non-GAAP measures, which adjusts for the impact of amortization of intangible assets, will provide readers of financial statements with a more consistent basis for comparison across accounting periods and be more useful in helping readers understand the Company’s operating results and underlying operational trends.

In summary, the Company believes the provision of supplemental Non-GAAP measures allow investors to evaluate the operational and financial performance of the Company's core business using the same evaluation measures that management uses and is therefore a useful indication of CRH’s performance or expected performance of future operations and facilitates period-to-period comparison of operating performance (although prior performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance). As a result, the Company considers it appropriate and reasonable to provide, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, supplementary Non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items from the presentation of its financial results.

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The following charts provide unaudited reconciliations of US GAAP-based financial measures to Non-GAAP-based financial measures for the following periods presented:

Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures

Adjusted operating EBITDA

	2020			2019
(USD in thousands)	Q1 ‘20			Q1 ‘19
Net and comprehensive income (loss)		(2,135	)		1,391
Net finance expense		497			2,392
(Gain) loss on equity investment		16			(125	)
Income tax expense (recovery)		(974	)		167
Operating income (loss)		(2,597	)		3,825
Amortization expense		9,380			8,641
Depreciation and related expense		29			27
Stock based compensation		653			564
Acquisition expenses1		18			20
Inventory write-downs		65			—
Total adjusted operating EBITDA		7,547			13,077
Adjusted operating EBITDA    attributable to:
Shareholders of the Company		4,871			8,766
Non-controlling interest		2,676			4,311

¹ Acquisition expenses relating to incomplete acquisitions

Adjusted Operating EBITDA Margin

	2020			2019
(USD in thousands)	Q1 ‘20			Q1 ‘19
Revenue		25,455			29,119
Operating income (loss)		(2,597	)		3,825
Operating margin		(10.2	%)		13.1	%
Amortization expense		36.8	%		29.7	%
Depreciation and related expense		0.1	%		0.1	%
Stock based compensation		2.6	%		1.9	%
Acquisition expenses1		0.1	%		0.1	%
Inventory write-downs		0.3	%		(—	)%
Total adjusted operating EBITDA margin		29.7	%		44.9	%

¹ Acquisition expenses relating to incomplete acquisitions

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Adjusted operating expenses

	2020			2019
(USD in thousands)	Q1 ‘20			Q1 ‘19
Anesthesia services expense		24,629			22,559
Amortization expense		(9,379	)		(8,641	)
Depreciation and related expense		(4	)		(3	)
Stock based compensation		(134	)		(117	)
Acquisition expenses1		(18	)		(20	)
Anesthesia services – adjusted operating    expense		15,094			13,779
Product sales expense		1,191			1,134
Amortization expense		—			—
Depreciation and related expense		(5	)		(9	)
Stock based compensation		(64	)		(73	)
Inventory write-downs		(65	)		—
Product sales - adjusted operating expense		1,057			1,053
Corporate expense		2,231			1,600
Amortization expense		—			—
Depreciation and related expense		(20	)		(15	)
Stock based compensation		(455	)		(375	)
Corporate - adjusted operating expenses		1,756			1,211
Total operating expense		28,052			25,294
Total adjusted operating expense		17,907			16,042

¹ Acquisition expenses relating to incomplete acquisitions

Adjusted operating expense per cASE – Anesthesia segment

	2020		2019
(USD in thousands, except case and per case amounts)	Q1 ‘20		Q1 ‘19
Anesthesia services – adjusted operating    expense		15,094		13,779
Anesthesia cases serviced		77,993		77,501
Total adjusted operating expense per case -    Anesthesia segment		194		178

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2020, the Company had $13,327,512 in cash and cash equivalents compared to $6,568,716 at the end of 2019. The increase in cash and equivalents is primarily a reflection of cash generated from operations in conjunction with additional funds received under its JP Morgan Facility prior to quarter-end to cover any potential working capital deficiencies as a result of COVID-19.

Working capital was $25,863,937 at March 31, 2020 compared to working capital of $18,677,498 at December 31, 2019. The Company expects to meet its short-term obligations, including short-term obligations in respect of its earn-out obligation and deferred consideration through cash earned through operating activities in conjunction with monies available under the CARES Act and other government relief measures.

The average number of days receivables outstanding at March 31, 2020 was 59 days, consistent with days receivable outstanding at December 31, 2019.  The Company continues to monitor this measure on an ongoing basis.

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Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $7,784,817 compared to $12,375,716 in the same period in fiscal 2019. Cash provided by operating activities less distributions to non-controlling interest was $5,555,307 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $8,340,916 for the same period in 2019. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities is reflective of the Company’s adjusted operating EBITDA¹ performance in the period.Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $160,888 as compared to $5,293,614 for the comparable period in 2019.  Cash used in financing activities was $857,285 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $11,459,585 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The Company has financed its operations primarily from revenues generated from product sales and anesthesia services and through equity and debt financings and a revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has raised approximately $51 million from the sale and issuance of equity securities and, most recently, the Company entered into a syndicated debt facility with JP Morgan Chase Bank, increasing its facility to $200 million on October 22, 2019. As at March 31, 2020, the Company owed $71.3 million under the facility. The terms of the Company’s facility as of March 31, 2020 is described below.

JP Morgan Chase Facility (“JP Morgan Facility”)

On October 22, 2019, the Company entered into a new, three year revolving credit line which provides up to $200 million in borrowing capacity and represents an increase from the Company’s previous $100 million facility. The new facility includes a committed $125 million facility and access to an accordion feature that increases the amount of the credit available to the Company by $75 million. Interest on the facility is calculated with reference to LIBOR plus 1.25% to 1.75%, dependent on the Company’s Total Leverage ratio. The Facility is secured by the assets of the Company and matures on October 22, 2022. Since the JP Morgan Facility is a syndicated facility, which includes the Bank of Nova Scotia as a lender, any remaining deferred financing fees under the previous Scotia Facility were retained and will be amortized over the term of the new facility. The Company incurred deferred financing fees of $839,893 in connection with this facility. Under the JP Morgan Facility, there are no quarterly or annual repayment requirements.

As at March 31, 2020, the Company is required to maintain the following financial covenants in respect of this Facility:

Financial Covenant	Required Ratio
Total leverage ratio	Not greater than 3.00:1.00
Interest coverage ratio	Not less than 3.00:1.00

The Company’s Total Leverage ratio is calculated as the ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness at the end of the period to EBITDA for the Company’s previous four consecutive quarters.

The Company is in compliance with all covenants as at March 31, 2020.

Contractual Obligations and Contingent Liabilities

The Company’s near-term cash requirements relate primarily to interest payments, annual payments in respect of the deferred consideration in relation to the Austin acquisition, remaining payments under its earn-out obligation, purchases under the Company’s normal course issuer bid, operations, working capital and general corporate purposes, including further acquisitions. As a result of the impact of COVID-19, the Company has updated its forecasts to account for the impact of the pandemic on its cash flows.  Based on this assessment, the Company believes cash and cash equivalents and the availability of its revolving credit facility in conjunction with funds received under the PPP will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operating, debt repayment and capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. The Company updates its forecasts on a regular basis and will consider additional financing sources as appropriate.

There were no significant changes in the Company’s contractual commitments compared with those set forth in the Company’s Annual Report Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

¹See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for definitions and reconciliations of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no material undisclosed off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Outstanding Share Data

As at March 31, 2020, there were 71,579,284 common shares issued and outstanding for a total of $56,135,489 in share capital.

As at March 31, 2020, there were 1,004,687 options outstanding at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.50 per share, of which 504,687 were exercisable into common shares at a weighted-average exercise price of $0.49 per share. As at March 31, 2020, there were 3,000,000 share units (“SUs”) issued and outstanding.

As at May 11, 2020, there were 71,559,284 common shares issued and outstanding, excluding shares held as treasury, for a total of $56,108,120 in share capital.

As at May 11, 2020, there were 979,687 options outstanding at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.55 per share, of which 604,687 were exercisable into common shares at a weighted-average exercise price of $0.92 per share. As at May 11, 2020, there were 3,000,000 share units (“SUs”) issued and outstanding.

JOBS Act

In April 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

Item3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15€ and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on our evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were, in design and operation, effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. As of March 31, 2020, we are not a party to any legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows if determined adversely to us. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of the events described in the following risk factors occurs, our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Risks Related to Our Company

Our operations and financial results have been and could be further harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our business and financial results have been and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in the United States have cancelled or deferred non-emergent procedures or otherwise avoided medical treatment, resulting in reduced patient volumes and operating revenues and income from both our Products and Anesthesia Services businesses. Our business, particularly our Anesthesia Services, depends on the adequate availability of our specialized healthcare providers.  To the degree that COVID-19 affects their health, or that alternate demands for their services affects their ability to return to service our customers, our business could be adversely affected.  Payment for our anesthesia services depends on an orderly and timely processing of our claims, or invoices, to healthcare insurers and patients. Any COVID-19 pandemic-related delays or disruptions in the processing of our claims caused by disruptions in operations at the insurers, or by patients’ reduced ability to pay, could affect our revenues and income.  Any interruption in our Product contract manufacturer’s or Product distributor’s ability to service our orders due to COVID-19 effects on their businesses could adversely affect our Product sales and revenue.  In addition, in the event that the current COVID-19 outbreak, or any actions of governmental authorities taken in connection with COVID-19, disrupt the production or supply of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies, our business could be adversely affected. The extent to which COVID-19 may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, public health restrictions on travel and in-person interactions in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease. We cannot presently predict the duration, scope and severity of any potential business closures or disruptions, or the overall effects of COVID-19 on our operations.

Changes to payment rates or methods of third-party payors, including United States government healthcare programs, changes to the United States laws and regulations that regulate payments for medical services, the failure of payment rates to increase as our costs increase, or changes to our payor mix, could adversely affect our operating margins and revenues.

We provide anesthesia services primarily through fee for service payor arrangements. Under these arrangements, we collect fees directly through the entities at which anesthesia services are provided. We assume financial risks related to changes in third-party reimbursement rates and changes in payor mix. Our revenue decreases if our volume or reimbursement decreases, but our expenses may not decrease proportionately.

We depend primarily on U.S. government, third party commercial and private and governmental third-party sources of payment for the services provided to patients. The amount we receive for our services may be adversely affected by market and cost factors, as well as other factors over which we have no control, including changes to the Medicare and Medicaid payment systems. U.S. health reform efforts at the federal and state levels may increase the likelihood of significant changes affecting U.S. government healthcare programs and private insurance coverage. U.S. Government healthcare programs are subject to, among other things, statutory and regulatory changes, administrative rulings, interpretations and determinations concerning patient eligibility requirements, funding levels and the method of calculating payments or reimbursements, all of which could materially increase or decrease payments we receive from these government programs. Further, Medicare reimbursement rates are increasingly used by private payors as benchmarks to establish commercial reimbursement rates and any adjustment in Medicare reimbursement rates or formulas may impact our reimbursement rates from such private payors as well.

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As the Medicare program transitions away from fee for service payment models and toward value-based payment methodologies, we may be required to make additional investments to receive maximum Medicare reimbursement or to avoid reduction in Medicare reimbursement. For example, in 2019, the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System which requires providers to implement and report certain quality measures, resulted in providers receiving payment adjustments of -5% to +1.7%, based on their performance with respect to clinical quality, resource use, clinical improvement activities, and meaningful use of electronic health records.

There are significant private and public sector pressures to reign in healthcare costs and to lower reimbursement rates for medical services, and we believe that such pressures will continue. Major payors of healthcare, including U.S. federal and state governments and private insurers, have taken steps in recent years to monitor and control costs, eligibility for, and use and delivery of healthcare services, and to revise payment methodologies. Further, the ability of commercial payors to control healthcare costs may be enhanced by the increasing consolidation of insurance and managed care companies, and the incursion of other private companies into the healthcare industry, all of which may reduce our ability to negotiate favorable contracts with such payors.

Furthermore, with an increase in cost-sharing strategies employed by insurers, including high-deductible plans, higher co-pays and co-insurance limits, patient balances make up an increasing share of the Company’s revenue.  There can be no assurance that the collection of these patient-level balances will remain at a stable or predictable rate, particularly in a declining economy.  We may not be able to offset any declines in patient payments with increases in volumes, improved insurance reimbursement rates, or corresponding expense reductions, and may therefore experience adverse operating margins and declines in profitability.

We expect efforts to impose greater discounts and more stringent cost controls by government and other payors to continue, thereby either reducing the payments we receive for our services, or in some cases, outright denying coverage of our services. The effect of cost containment trends will depend, in part, on our payor mix. We may not be able to offset reduced operating margins through cost reductions, increased volumes, the introduction of additional procedures or otherwise. In addition, future changes to reimbursement rates by government healthcare programs, cost containment measures by private third-party payors or other factors affecting payments for healthcare services may adversely affect our future revenues, operating margins, and profitability.

We are subject to decreases in our revenue and profit margin under our fee for service contracts and arrangements, where we bear the risk of changes in volume, payor mix, radiology, anesthesiology, and pathology benefits, and third-party reimbursement rates.

In our fee for service arrangements, which represent substantially all of our revenues, we collect the fees for services. Under these arrangements, we assume financial risks related to changes in the mix of patients covered by government-sponsored healthcare programs and third-party reimbursement rates. A substantial decrease in patient volumes, or an increase in the number of patients covered by government healthcare programs, as opposed to commercial plans that have higher reimbursement levels, or any potential shift in reimbursement mix could reduce our profitability and adversely impact future revenue growth. In some cases, our revenue decreases if our volume or reimbursement decreases, but our expenses may not decrease proportionately.

We operate a large number of anesthesia entities in many different markets. Each entity has a different mix of contracted and non-contracted relationships with commercial payors. In cases where our providers are not contracted, most payors have radiology, anesthesiology, and pathology provisions that limits the amount payable by patients when a non-contracted provider is utilized. In most cases, reimbursements we receive for anesthesia services are greater when we are non-contracted than they would be if we were contracted. As our anesthesia entities mature, we may choose or be required to enter into contracts with a majority of existing commercial payors which may result in decreased revenue, but our expenses may not decrease proportionately. Payors may also change the amount reimbursed for non-contracted providers which may also result in decreased revenue, but our expenses may not decrease proportionately.

We may or may not successfully identify and complete corporate transactions on favorable terms or achieve anticipated synergies relating to any acquisitions or alliances, and such acquisitions could result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, or require significant management resources and significant charges.

As a part of our growth strategy, we regularly explore potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies, services or products as well as potential strategic alliances. We may be unable to find suitable acquisition candidates or appropriate partners with which to form alliances. Even if we identify appropriate acquisition or alliance candidates, we may be unable to complete the acquisitions or alliances on favorable terms, if at all, as a result of changes in tax laws, healthcare regulations, financial market, or other economic or market conditions. Acquisition activities can be thwarted by overtures from competitors for the targeted candidates, government regulation and replacement product developments in our industry. Competition may intensify due to the ongoing consolidation in the healthcare industry, which may increase our acquisition costs. In addition, the process of integrating an acquired business, technology, service or product into our existing operations could result in unforeseen difficulties and expenditures. Integrating completed acquisitions into our existing operations involves numerous short-term and long-term risks, including diversion of our management’s attention, failure to retain key personnel, long-term value of acquired intangible assets and acquisition expenses. In addition, we may be required to comply with laws, rules and regulations that may differ from those of the states in which our operations are currently conducted. Moreover, we may not realize the anticipated financial or other benefits of an acquisition or alliance.

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Future acquisitions could also involve the issuance of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or amortization of expenses related to other intangible assets, any of which could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations. The issuance of shares for an acquisition may result in dilution to our existing shareholders and, depending on the number of shares that we issue, the resale of such shares could affect the trading price of our common shares. In addition, equity or debt financing required for such acquisitions may not be available.

Any corporate transaction will be accompanied by certain risks including but not limited to:

• exposure to unknown liabilities of acquired companies and the unknown issues with any associated technologies or research. Such liabilities may include liabilities for failure to comply with applicable laws, or liabilities relating to medical malpractice claims. Generally, we obtain indemnification agreements from the sellers of businesses acquired with respect to pre-closing acts, omissions and other similar risks. It is possible that we may seek to enforce indemnification provisions in the future against sellers who may no longer have the financial wherewithal to satisfy their obligations to us. Accordingly, we may incur material liabilities for past activities of acquired businesses;

• certain acquired businesses may derive a greater portion of their revenue from government health programs than what we recognize on a consolidated basis, or may have business models with lower operating margins than ours, which could affect our overall payor mix or operating results in future periods;

• higher than anticipated acquisition costs and expenses;

• the difficulty and expense of integrating operations, systems, and personnel of acquired companies;

• disruption of our ongoing business;

• uncertainty that an acquired business will continue to maintain its pre-acquisition revenue and growth rates, or be profitable;

• inability to retain key customers, vendors, and other business partners of the acquired company;

• diversion of management’s time and attention;

• the realization of financial and operating risks not fully anticipated; and

• potential challenges under antitrust laws, either before or after an acquisition is consummated, which could involve substantial legal costs and result in the Company having to abandon the transaction or make a divestiture.

We may not be able to successfully overcome these risks and other problems associated with acquisitions and this may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our senior management has been key to our growth, and we may be adversely affected if we lose any member of our senior management.

The Company is dependent on its senior management. Consequently, our ability to retain these individuals and attract other qualified individuals is critical to our success. In addition, because of a relative scarcity of individuals with the high degree of education and business experience required for our business, competition among companies for qualified employees is intense and, as a result, we may not be able to attract and retain such individuals on acceptable terms, or at all. The loss of key management personnel or our inability to attract, retain, and motivate sufficient numbers of qualified management personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Incentive provisions for our key executives include the granting of equity-based compensation that vest over time or are based on performance and are designed to encourage such individuals to stay with us. However, a low share price, whether as a result of disappointing growth, revenues, income, or as a result of market conditions generally, could render such agreements of little value to our key executives. In such event, our key executives could be susceptible to being hired away by our competitors or other businesses who could offer a better compensation package. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.

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ASCs or other customers may terminate or choose not to renew their agreements with us.

Our professional service agreements with our partner ASCs currently range in duration from one year to 15 years and can be renewed if agreed upon by both parties and contain auto-renewal features. To date, with the exception of a contract in Sarasota, Florida, which was terminated as a result of an ASC closing, a contract in Gainesville, FL, which was not renewed by the facility amidst profitability concerns by the Company, and NC GAA contracts that the Company chose not to renew, all other professional service agreements have been renewed as required. Our contract with GAA-affiliated ASCs, currently our largest customer contributing 20% of our total revenue in 2019 and 20% of our total revenue in 2018, requires active renewal by November 2021.

Our customers may cancel or choose not to renew their contracts with us. Changes in economic conditions, including decreased government and commercial reimbursement, hospital acquisition of ASCs for physician practices, or changes in the state or federal regulatory environment could influence future actions of our partners or other customers. To the extent that any significant agreement or agreements with our partners or other customers are canceled, or are not renewed or replaced with other arrangements having at least as favorable terms, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

If we are unable to maintain or increase anesthesia procedure volumes at our existing ASCs, the operating margins and profitability of our anesthesia segment could be adversely affected.

Part of our growth strategy for our anesthesia services segment includes increasing our revenues and earnings through increasing the number of procedures performed at the ASCs we service. Procedure volume at the ASCs we serve may be adversely impacted by economic conditions, high unemployment rates, natural disasters, physicians who no longer utilize the ASCs we serve, and other factors that may cause patients to delay or cancel procedures. There are no assurances that we will be successful at increasing or maintaining procedure volumes, revenues and operating margins at our ASCs.

We may not be able to successfully recruit and retain qualified anesthesia service providers or other independent contractors.

The healthcare business is highly competitive. We compete with other healthcare providers, primarily hospitals and other surgery centers in recruiting and retaining a sufficient number of anesthetists and anesthesiologists to perform our services operations. We compete with many types of healthcare providers including teaching, research, and government institutions and other practice groups for the services of qualified anesthesiologists.

Some of our competitors may have greater resources than we do, including financial, marketing, staff and capital resources. We may not be able to continue to recruit new anesthesiologists or renew contracts with existing contractors on acceptable terms. If we are not able to do so, our ability to provide anesthesia services and generate revenue and net income could be adversely affected.

We may be unable to enforce the non-competition and other restrictive covenants in our agreements.

As a material term and condition of each anesthesia medical practice acquisition, the sellers and owners enter into a restrictive covenant in favor of our purchasing entity, whereby the sellers and owners agree not compete in a specific restricted territory (the “Restrictive Covenants”). The restricted territory varies based upon the jurisdiction where the anesthesia medical practice is located. The length of the restricted period also varies based upon the jurisdiction where the anesthesia medical practice is located. If the sellers and owners, individually or collectively, breach the Restrictive Covenants, the definitive purchase agreements provide us with the remedies of injunctive relief and liquidated damages based upon a negotiated, predetermined estimate of damages. Additionally, we have negotiated additional special covenants, which vary from transaction to transaction, that provide us with the remedy of liquidated damages based upon a negotiated, predetermined estimate of damages. If a court determines that such liquidated damages are unenforceable as a penalty, as a result of such determination our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The law governing non-competition agreements and other forms of restrictive covenants varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Although we believe that the Restrictive Covenants applicable to our anesthesiologists, contractors, and other business partners are reasonable in scope and duration and therefore enforceable under applicable law, courts and arbitrators in some jurisdictions are reluctant to strictly enforce non-competition agreements and restrictive covenants. If we are unable to enforce the Restrictive Covenants in these agreements, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. We cannot predict whether a court or arbitration panel would enforce these Restrictive Covenants.

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We operate in an industry that is subject to extensive federal, state, and local regulation, and changes in law and regulatory interpretations.

The healthcare industry in the United States is subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws, rules, and regulations relating to, among other things:

• payment for services;

• corporate practice of medicine;

• conduct of operations, including fraud and abuse, anti-kickback, physician self-referral, and false claims prohibitions;

• reporting of quality measures;

• the manufacture and marketing of medical devices;

• protection of patient information; and

• medical waste disposal and environmental protection.

Changes in the medical industry and the economy may affect the Company’s business.

The Company’s business may be affected by factors beyond its control, such as an economic recession or the aggressive pricing policies of competitors. Future technological advances in the continually-changing medical industry can be expected to result in the availability of new products and services that will compete with the products and services that the Company may develop or render the Company’s current product and anesthesia services obsolete. We expect that market demand, governmental regulation, government and third-party reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to change the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances, which may exert further downward pressure on the prices of our products and services and could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our failure to comply with U.S. federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including anti-kickback laws and other U.S. federal and state anti-referral laws, could have a material, adverse impact on our business.

There are numerous U.S. federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws. Our relationships with healthcare providers and other third parties are subject to scrutiny under these laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, including the Medicare, Medicaid and Veterans Administration health programs.

Healthcare fraud and abuse regulations are complex, and even minor irregularities can potentially give rise to claims that a statute or prohibition has been violated. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, among others:

• the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs

• the federal False Claims Act, which prohibits, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payors that are false or fraudulent;

• HIPAA, as amended, among other things, prohibits executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters;

• federal physician self-referral law (the “Stark Law”), prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, physicians from making referrals of certain federal health care beneficiaries for a “designated health service” to an entity if the physician or an immediate family member has a financial relationship with the entity. Some of the services our affiliated physicians and professional groups provide include designated health services. foreign and U.S. state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; and

• foreign and U.S. state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers.

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To enforce compliance with the federal laws, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) has recently increased its scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Dealing with investigations can be time- and resource-consuming and can divert management’s attention from our core business. Additionally, if we settle an investigation with the DOJ or other law enforcement agencies, we may be forced to agree to additional onerous compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement. Any such investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business.

The scope and enforcement of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform, especially in light of the lack of applicable precedent and regulations. Federal or state regulatory authorities might challenge our current or future activities under these laws. Any of these challenges could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results. Any state or federal regulatory review of us, regardless of the outcome, would be costly and time-consuming. Additionally, we cannot predict the impact of any changes in these laws, whether or not retroactive.

A significant number of our affiliated physicians could leave our affiliated ASCs.

Our affiliated physicians may leave our affiliated ASCs for a variety of reasons, including retirement, death and to provide services for other types of healthcare providers, such as teaching, research and government institutions, hospitals and health systems and other practice groups. If a substantial number of our affiliated physicians leave our affiliated ASCs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Our industry is already competitive and could become more competitive.

The healthcare industry is highly competitive and subject to continual changes in the methods by which services are provided and the manner in which healthcare providers are selected and compensated.

Because some of our operations consist primarily of anesthesia services provided within ASCs, we compete with other healthcare services companies and physician groups for contracts with ASCs to provide our services to patients. Our anesthesia services are provided under exclusive professional service agreements of varying duration which we may need to renew, renegotiate or replace. Our ability to renew, renegotiate or replace significant agreements will be critical to our success. We also face competition from hospitals to provide our services.

Companies in other healthcare industry segments, some of which have greater financial and other resources than ours, may become competitors in providing gastroenterology services or anesthesia care. Additionally we face competition from healthcare-focused and other private equity groups that are active in acquiring and consolidating physician practices, including related ancillary services, such as GI anesthesia. We may not be able to continue to compete effectively in this industry and additional competitors may enter metropolitan areas where we operate. This increased competition may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Unfavorable economic conditions could have an adverse effect on our business.

Global economic conditions continue to be unpredictable and may result in slow economic growth and impact the number of unemployed and under-employed workers. We could experience additional shifts in the nature of patient reimbursement if economic conditions change. This may result in lower patient volumes.

Unfavorable economic conditions could also lead to additional increases in the number of unemployed and under-employed workers and decline in the number of private employers that offer healthcare insurance coverage to their employees. Employers that do offer healthcare coverage may increase the required contributions from employees to pay for their coverage and increase patient responsibility amounts. As a consequence the number of patients who participate in government-sponsored programs or are uninsured could increase. Payments received from government sponsored programs are substantially less than payments received from commercial and other third-party payors. A payor mix shift from commercial and other third-party payors to government payors may result in a decrease in our net revenue per patient case.

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The Company may not be successful in marketing its products and services.

In order to sustain and increase revenues, the Company’s products and services must achieve a significant degree of market acceptance. If the Company is unable to promote, market and sell its products and services or secure relationships with physicians and ambulatory surgery centers, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

Levels of market acceptance for our products and services could be impacted by several factors, many of which are not within our control, including but not limited to:

• safety, efficacy, convenience and cost-effectiveness of our products and services;

• scope of approved uses and marketing approval;

• difficulty in, or excessive costs to, manufacturing;

• infringement or alleged infringement of the patents or intellectual property rights of others;

• maintenance of business arrangements with healthcare providers;

• availability of alternative products or services from our competitors; and

• acceptance of the price of our products and services.

If our competitors are able to develop and market products that are preferred over the CRH O’Regan System, are able to grow service businesses that are preferred over CRH’s anesthesia services or other businesses preferred over other products and services that we may develop, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to continue our operations.

We may not be able to contend successfully with competitors. The medical industry is highly competitive and subject to significant and rapid technological change as researchers learn more about diseases and develop new technologies, services and treatments. Certain of our competitors, either alone or together with their collaborators, have substantially greater resources than we do. The existence of other products, services or treatments of which we are not aware, or products, services or treatments that may be developed in the future, may reduce the marketability of the CRH O’Regan System, CRH’s anesthesia services, and any future operations, particularly to the extent such products or services:

• are more effective;

• have fewer or less severe adverse side effects;

• have better patient compliance;

• receive better reimbursement terms;

• are accepted by more physicians;

• have better distribution channels;

• are easier to administer; or

• are less expensive.

Failure to manage third-party service providers may adversely affect our ability to maintain the quality of service that we provide.

We outsource a majority of our revenue cycle management functions to a third-party service provider. If our outsourcing partner fails to perform their obligations in a timely manner or at satisfactory quality levels, or if they are unable to attract or retain sufficient personnel with the necessary skill sets to meet our needs, the quality of our services and operations could suffer. In addition, our reliance on a workforce of others exposes us to disruptions in their business. Our ability to manage any difficulties encountered could be largely outside of our control. Diminished service quality from outsourcing or our inability to utilize service providers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities.

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Congress or states may enact laws restricting the amount out-of-network providers of services can charge and recover for such services.

In 2019, Congress debated different measures intended to protect patients from “surprise” medical bills when services are furnished by providers who are not subject to contractual arrangements and payment limitations with the patient’s insurer. In addition, several states have enacted or are considering similar changes. For example, Florida and Texas have adopted their own balance billing laws that, in certain cases, prohibit out-of-network providers from billing patients in excess of in-network rates. These measures, if enacted, could limit the amount we can charge and recover for services we furnish where we have not contracted with the patient’s insurer, and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities. Moreover, these measures could affect our ability to contract with certain payors and under historically similar terms and may cause, and the prospect of these changes may have caused, payors to terminate their contracts with us and our affiliated practices, further affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities.

Adverse events related to our product or our services may subject us to risks associated with product liability, medical malpractice or other legal claims, insurance claims, product recalls and other liabilities, which may adversely affect our operations.

There is an inherent risk in rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids and in the use of anesthesia services of the occurrence of an adverse event. One example of such an event is that in rare cases rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids can lead to sepsis, which if left untreated, can result in serious medical consequences, including death. Examples of adverse events related to anesthesia include anaphylaxis, nerve damage and embolism, which can result in serious medical consequences and in rare circumstances, can lead to death. Such adverse events could have material adverse consequences on our sales, business, operations and financial performance.

The occurrence of unanticipated serious adverse events or other safety problems could cause the governing agencies to impose significant restrictions on the indicated uses for which our product and services may be marketed, the distribution or sale of the product, or the provision of our services. In addition, post-market discovery of previously unknown safety problems or increased severity or significance of a pre-existing safety signal could result in withdrawal of the product from the market, product recalls or other material adverse effects on our operations.  It is our obligation to file reports with the FDA related to certain adverse health events or device malfunctions associated with our medical devices, and failure to do so could itself result in government action, including a Warning Letter, civil monetary penalty, product recall, in rem forfeiture proceeding, judicial injunction, or criminal prosecution.

We may be held liable or incur costs to settle liability claims if our product, services or contracted anesthesiologists cause injury. Although we currently maintain product liability and medical malpractice insurance, we cannot assure you that this insurance is adequate, and, at any time, it is possible that such insurance coverage may cease to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. A product liability or medical malpractice claim, or a claim based in related legal theories of negligence or vicarious liability among others, could result in liability to us greater than our total assets or insurance coverage. Moreover, product liability, medical malpractice or other claims could have an adverse impact on our business even if we have adequate insurance coverage.

Our product and services may also fail to meet patient expectations or produce harmful side effects. Such unexpected quality, safety or efficacy issues may be caused by a number of factors, including manufacturing defects, failure to adhere to good clinical practices, failure to adhere to good manufacturing practices, non-compliance with clinical protocols or the presence of other inadequacies of product-related information conveyed to physicians or patients, or other factors or circumstances unique to the patient. Whether or not scientifically justified, such unexpected safety or efficacy concerns can arise and may lead to product recalls, loss of or delays in market acceptance, market withdrawals, or declining sales, as well as liability, consumer fraud and/or other claims.

It is impossible to predict the scope of injury or liability from such defects, adverse events or unexpected reactions, the impact on the market for such products and services of any allegations of these claims, even if unsupported, the measure of damages which might be imposed as a result of any claims, or the cost of defending such claims. Substantial damages, awards and/or settlements have been handed down, notably in the United States and other common law jurisdictions, against medical companies in connection with claims for injuries allegedly caused by the use of their products and services. Although our shareholders would not have personal liability for such damages, the expenses of litigation or settlements, or both, in connection with any such injuries or alleged injuries and the amount of any award imposed on us in excess of existing insurance coverage, if any, may have a material adverse impact on us and on the price of our common shares. In addition, we may not be able to avoid significant liability exposure even if we take appropriate precautions, including maintaining liability coverage (subject to deductibles and maximum payouts). Any liability that we may have as a result could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Liability claims in the future, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and on our ability to attract and retain customers.

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Our dependence on suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is economically dependent on one critical supplier for the CRH O’Regan System. The supplier, a clean room injection molding manufacturing company based in Ontario, Canada, performs contract manufacturing and assembly for the Company. Currently, the Company has one set of manufacturing molds for each product produced which is used for the injection molding, and these molds are inventoried at the supplier’s facility.

Manufacturing operations are subject to numerous unanticipated technological problems and delays. Our manufacturers are, and will be, subject to regulations specified by the various regulatory bodies such as Health Canada and the FDA. There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with all stated manufacturing regulations. Failure or delay by our manufacturers to comply with such regulations or to satisfy regulatory inspections could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and operations.

The Company’s anesthesia services are dependent on utilizing a continual supply of Propofol. CRH currently sources Propofol through supply agreements with narcotics manufacturers and its physicians and medical practitioners. A breach of any of these agreements, or a deterioration of the relationships with the parties thereto, could result in an interruption of the Company’s Propofol supply. Any interruption in the Company’s Propofol supply could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s anesthesia business and operations.

As the Company is dependent on a minimal number of suppliers for all manufacturing services and procurement of Propofol, any interruption caused by a business shutdown by the supplier (e.g., bankruptcy, fire or labor dispute) could be challenging for the Company. Although the Company mitigates these risks by maintaining open relationships with other suppliers that could perform similar services, maintaining an appropriate level of inventory, and performing quality and business audits of its suppliers on a regular basis, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to enter into new supply contracts, advantageous to us or at all, in the event of a shutdown. Any such shutdown may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may need to raise additional capital to fund future operations.

The Company became profitable in the first quarter of 2011, which was consistent with the Company’s new business development strategy introduced in the fourth quarter of 2010 to focus exclusively on selling its CRH O’Regan System directly to physicians. With the GAA acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company altered its business strategy further to provide anesthesia services in addition to its existing medical product.

Based on our current cash resources, estimated capital requirements and anticipated revenues, we expect that we can maintain current operations. There can be no assurance that unforeseen developments or circumstances will not alter our requirements for capital. Any additional equity financing would be dilutive to our shareholders. If access to sufficient capital is not available as and when needed, our business may be impaired.

Advancing our product and current business operations, market expansion of our currently marketed product or growth of our anesthesia services, service of our debt, or acquisition and development of any new products, businesses or operations will require considerable resources and additional access to capital markets. In addition, our future cash requirements may vary materially from those now expected. For example, our future capital requirements may increase if:

• we experience more competition from other companies or in more markets than anticipated;

• we experience delays or unexpected increases in costs in connection with maintaining regulatory approvals for our product or services in the various markets where we sell our product and provide our services;

• we experience unexpected or increased costs relating to preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims, or other lawsuits, brought by either us or our competition;

• we elect to raise additional capital in order to service or repay all or a portion of our outstanding debt;

• we elect to develop, acquire or license new technologies, products or businesses; or

• we are presented with suitable opportunities and elect to accelerate the pace of our continued growth strategy.

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We could potentially seek additional funding through public or private equity or debt financing, corporate collaborations or through other transactions. However, if revenues are slow to increase or if industry and capital market conditions in general are unfavorable, our ability to obtain significant additional funding on acceptable terms, if at all, will be negatively affected. Additional financing that we may pursue may involve the sale of our common shares or financial instruments that are exchangeable for, or convertible into, our common shares, which could result in significant dilution to our shareholders.

If sufficient capital is not available, we may be required to delay or alter our current operations or our business expansion, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects or results of operations.

We are subject to various restrictive covenants and events of default under the Credit Facilities.

Under the Company’s credit facilities with JP Morgan, syndicated with others (the “Credit Facilities”), the Company has made various restrictive covenants to the lenders, including payment of interest and principal when due. The Credit Facilities are available for review on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

If there is an event of default under either of these agreements, the principal amount owing under the Credit Facilities, plus accrued and unpaid interest, may be declared immediately due and payable. If such an event occurs, it could have a material negative impact on the Company financially. Any extended default under the Credit Facilities, could result in the loss of the Company’s entire business.

In addition, the Credit Facilities include various conditions and covenants that require CRH to obtain consents prior to carrying out certain activities and entering into certain transactions, such as incurring additional debt, repurchasing common shares of the Company, creating additional charges on the Company’s assets, and providing additional guarantees or disposing of certain assets. As a result of the restrictive covenants or other terms of any existing or new loan or other financing agreements, the Company may be significantly restricted in its ability to raise additional capital through bank borrowings and to engage in some transactions that CRH expects to be of benefit to the Company. The inability to meet these conditions and covenants or obtain lenders’ consent to carry out restricted activities could materially and adversely affect the business and results of operations of CRH.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. Our earnings are affected by changes in short-term interest rates as a result of borrowings under the Credit Facilities. As a result, if interest rates rise, our cost of borrowing will increase, negatively impacting our earnings.

The Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) and potential changes to it may have a significant effect on our business.

The ACA contains a number of provisions that have affected us and may continue to affect us over the next several years. These provisions include the establishment of health insurance exchanges to facilitate the purchase of qualified health plans, expanded Medicaid eligibility, subsidized insurance premiums and additional requirements and incentives for businesses to provide healthcare benefits. Moreover, we could be affected by potential changes to various aspects of the ACA, including subsidies, healthcare insurance marketplaces and Medicaid expansion.

The ACA remains subject to continuing legislative and administrative flux and uncertainty. In 2017, Congress unsuccessfully sought to replace substantial parts of the ACA with different mechanisms for facilitating insurance coverage in the commercial and Medicaid markets. Congress may again attempt to enact material changes to the ACA in the future. Additionally, CMS has administratively revised a number of provisions and may seek to advance additional significant changes through regulation, guidance and enforcement in the future. At the end of 2017, Congress repealed the part of the ACA that required most individuals to purchase and maintain health insurance or face a tax penalty, known as the individual mandate. In light of these changes, in December 2018, a federal district court in Texas declared that key portions of the ACA were inconsistent with the United States Constitution and that the entire ACA is invalid as a result. Several states appealed this decision, and in December 2019, a federal Court of Appeals upheld the district court’s conclusion that part of the ACA is unconstitutional, but remanded for further evaluation whether in light of this defect the entire ACA must be invalidated. These legal proceedings are likely to continue for several years, and the fate of the ACA will be unresolved and uncertain during this period. Actions by the Court of Appeals or eventually the Supreme Court of the United States could invalidate portions or all of the ACA. Changes resulting from these proceedings could have a material impact on our business. In the meantime, it also is possible that as a result of these actions, enrollment in healthcare exchanges could decline.

In 2020, there will be federal and state elections that could affect which persons and parties occupy the Office of the President of the United States, control one or both chambers of Congress and many states’ governors and legislatures. Many candidates running for President of the United States are proposing sweeping changes to the U.S. healthcare system, including expanding government-funded health insurance options and replacing current healthcare financing mechanisms with systems that would be entirely administered by the federal government. Any legislative or administrative change to the current healthcare financing system could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities.

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If the ACA is repealed or further substantially modified, or if implementation of certain aspects of the ACA are diluted or delayed, such repeal, modification or delay may impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities. We are unable to predict the impact of any repeal, modification or delay in the implementation of the ACA, including the repeal of the individual mandate, on us at this time.

The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (“MACRA”) and potential changes to it may have a significant effect on our business.

MACRA contains numerous measures that could affect us, including, requirements that providers participate in the Quality Payment Program (“QPP”) that adjusts payments to providers under Medicare based on quality and cost of care, rather than solely on the quantity of procedures performed. MACRA requires providers to choose to participate in one of two payment formulas, MIPS or Alternative Payment Models (“APMs”).  MIPS allows eligible providers to receive incentive payments based on the achievement of certain quality and cost metrics, among other measures, and be penalized for underperforming against those same metrics and measures. As an alternative, providers can choose to participate in an Advanced APMs, and providers who are meaningful participants in APMs will receive bonus payments from Medicare pursuant to the law. MACRA also remains subject to review and potential modification by Congress, as well as shifting regulatory requirements established by CMS. We currently anticipate that our affiliated providers will be eligible to receive bonus payments in 2020 through participation in the MIPS, although the amounts of such bonus payments are not expected to be material. We will continue to operationalize the provisions of MACRA and assess any further changes to the law or additional regulations enacted pursuant to the law.

We cannot ultimately predict with any assurance the ultimate effect of these laws and resulting changes to payments under GHC Programs, nor can we provide any assurance that they will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities. Further, any fiscal tightening impacting GHC Programs or changes to the structure of any GHC Programs could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities.

Government authorities or other parties may assert that our business practices violate antitrust laws.

The healthcare industry is subject to close antitrust scrutiny. In recent years, U.S. regulatory authorities have taken increasing steps to review and, in some cases, take enforcement action against business conduct and acquisitions in the healthcare industry. Violations of antitrust laws may be punishable by substantial penalties including significant monetary fines, civil penalties, criminal sanctions, and consent decrees and injunctions prohibiting certain activities or requiring divestiture or discontinuance of business operations. Any of these penalties could have material adverse effects on our business’ financial condition and results of operations.

If regulations or regulatory interpretations change, we may be obligated to re-negotiate agreements of our anesthetists, anesthesiologists or other contractors.

Due to regulations prohibiting the corporate practice of medicine, the shares of GAA, CRH GAA PLLC, W GAA and NC GAA, PC are owned by an individual medical practitioner. GAA, CRH GAA PLLC, W GAA and NC GAA, PC operations and corporate structures are governed by certain agreements, including a loan by CRH Medical Corporation to the individual medical practitioner. These agreements, including the affirmative and negative covenants therein in favor of CRH, effectively provide CRH control of GAA, CRH GAA PLLC, W GAA and NC GAA, PC. If certain regulations or regulatory interpretations change, particularly in relation to the medical practice and physician ownership, we will be obligated to adapt or re-negotiate our operating agreements to comply with such regulations. The cost of adapting or re-negotiating these agreements could be substantial. There can be no assurance, however, that our existing capital resources would be sufficient for us to meet any future obligations to adapt or re-negotiate our operating agreements, if they arise.

The re-negotiating of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. While we believe physician ownership and our operating strategy is in compliance with applicable law, we can give no assurances that legislative or regulatory changes would not have an adverse impact on us. From time to time, these issues are considered by some state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies.

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Despite current indebtedness levels, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with increased leverage.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although our Credit Facilities contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If we incur additional debt above the levels currently in effect, the risks associated with our leverage, including those described above, would increase.

Failure to timely or accurately bill for services could have a negative impact on our net revenue, bad debt expense and cash flow.

Billing for healthcare services is an important and complex aspect of our business. We bill numerous and varied payors, such as managed care payors and Medicare Medicaid, and self-pay patients. These different payors typically have different billing requirements that must be satisfied prior to receiving payment for services rendered. Reimbursement is typically conditioned on our documenting medical necessity, the appropriate level of service and correctly applying diagnosis codes. Incorrect or incomplete documentation and billing information could result in non-payment for services rendered.

Additional factors that could complicate our ability to timely or accurately bill payors include:

• disputes between payors as to which party is responsible for payment;

• failure of information systems and processes to submit and collect claims in a timely manner;

• variation in coverage for similar services among various payors;

• our reliance on third-parties to provide billing services;

• the difficulty of adherence to specific compliance requirements, diagnosis coding and other procedures mandated by various payors;

• failure to obtain proper provider credentialing and documentation in order to bill various payors; and

• failure to collect patient balances due to economic conditions or other unknown reasons.

To the extent that the complexity associated with billing for healthcare services we provide causes delays in our cash collections, we may experience increased carrying costs associated with the aging of our accounts receivable, as well as increased potential for bad debt expense.

If we or some of our suppliers fail to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation and other applicable requirements, our manufacturing or processing operations could be disrupted, our sales and profitability could suffer, and we may become subject to a wide variety of FDA enforcement actions.

We are subject to inspection and marketing surveillance by the FDA to determine our compliance with all regulatory requirements. If the FDA finds that we have failed to comply with any regulatory requirements, it can institute a wide variety of enforcement actions.

We and some of our suppliers must comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, which governs the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, testing, manufacture, control, quality assurance, installation, servicing, labeling, packaging, storage, and shipping of medical devices. The FDA enforces its regulations through pre-announced and unannounced inspections. We have been, and anticipate in the future being, subject to such inspections by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. The timing and scope of future audits is unknown and it is possible, despite our belief that our quality systems and the operation of our manufacturing facilities will remain in compliance with U.S, and non-U.S. regulatory requirements, that a future audit may result in one or more unsatisfactory results. If we or one of our suppliers fails an inspection, or if a corrective action plan adopted by us or one of our suppliers is not sufficient, the FDA may bring an enforcement action against us, which could result in significant financial penalties, the recall of our products or the suspension or permanent enjoinment of some or all our operations.

We are also subject to the FDA’s general prohibition against promoting our products for unapproved or off-label uses and to the medical device reporting regulations that require us to report to the FDA if our products may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or if our device malfunctions and a recurrence of the malfunction would likely result in a death or serious injury. We must also file reports with the FDA of some device corrections and removals, and we must adhere to the FDA’s rules on labeling and promotion. If we fail to comply with these or other FDA requirements or fail to take adequate corrective action in response to any significant compliance issue raised by the FDA, the FDA can take significant enforcement actions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and our reputation.

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If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, shareholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common shares.

Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, is designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing by us conducted in connection with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm conducted in connection with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changes to our financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common shares.

We are required to disclose changes made to our internal control procedures on a quarterly basis and our management is required to assess the effectiveness of these controls annually. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation.

Our industry is the subject of numerous governmental investigations into marketing and other business practices which could result in the commencement of civil and/or criminal proceedings, substantial fines, penalties, and/or administrative remedies, divert the attention of our management, and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our industry is the subject of numerous governmental investigations into marketing and other business practices. This has included increased regulation, enforcement, inspections, and governmental investigations of the medical device industry and disclosure of financial relationships with healthcare professionals. These investigations could result in the commencement of civil and/or criminal proceedings, substantial fines, penalties, and/or administrative remedies, divert the attention of our management, and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We anticipate that the government will continue to scrutinize our industry closely, and that additional regulation by governmental authorities, both foreign and domestic, may increase compliance costs, exposure to litigation and other adverse effects to our operations.

We may write-off intangible assets.

The carrying value of our intangible assets is subject to periodic impairment testing. Under current accounting standards, intangible assets are tested for impairment on a recurring basis and we may be subject to impairment losses as circumstances change after an acquisition. If we record an impairment loss related to our intangible assets, which results from the anesthesia contracts that we acquire or other significant intangible assets, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our securities.

If we are unable to manage growth, we may be unable to achieve our expansion strategy.

The success of our business strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our operations in the future. Our growth has placed, and will continue to place, increased demands on our management, operational and financial information systems, and other resources. Further expansion of our operations may require substantial financial resources and management attention.

To accommodate our past and anticipated future growth, and to compete effectively, we will need to continue to improve our management, to implement our operational and financial information systems, and to expand, train, manage, and motivate our workforce. Our personnel, systems, procedures, or controls may not be adequate to support our operations in the future. Further, focusing our financial resources and diverting management’s attention to the expansion of our operations may negatively impact our financial results. Any failure to improve our management, to implement our operational and financial information systems, or to expand, train, manage, or motivate our workforce may reduce or prevent our growth.

The continuing development of our products and provision of our services depends upon us maintaining strong relationships with physicians.

The marketing and sales of our products and services is dependent upon our maintaining working relationships with physicians. If we are unable to maintain our strong relationships with these professionals, the development and marketing of our products and services could suffer, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated earnings, financial condition, and/or cash flows.

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Significant shareholders of the Company could influence our business operations, and sales of our shares by such significant shareholders could influence our share price.

The exercise of voting rights associated with shares held by any significant shareholder of the Company at meetings of shareholders may have significant influences on our business, and operations. If such a shareholder holds those shares for the purpose of investment, and if it were to sell those shares in the market in the future, it could have significant influences on our share price, depending on the market environment at the time of such sale.

We have a legal responsibility to the minority owners of the entities through which we own our anesthesia services business, which may conflict with our interests and prevent us from acting solely in our own best interests.

As the owner of majority interests in the limited partnerships and limited liability companies that own our anesthesia service businesses, we owe a fiduciary duty to the non-controlling interest holders in these entities and may encounter conflicts between our interests and those of the minority holders. In these cases, our representatives on the governing board of each partnership or joint venture are obligated to exercise reasonable, good faith judgment to resolve the conflicts and may not be free to act solely in our own best interests. In our role as manager of the limited partnership or limited liability companies, we generally exercise our discretion in managing the business of our anesthesia practices. Disputes may arise between us and our physician partners regarding a particular business decision, or the interpretation of the provisions of the limited partnership agreement or limited liability company operating agreement. These agreements provide for arbitration as a dispute resolution process in some circumstances. There is no assurance that any possible dispute will be resolved amicably, or that any dispute resolution will be on terms satisfactory to us.

Our common shares may be subject to significant price and volume fluctuations.

The Company’s common shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and on the NYSE American. Public markets, from time to time, experience significant price and volume fluctuations unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the common shares of the Company. In addition, the market price of the common shares is likely to be highly volatile. Moreover, it is likely that during future quarterly periods, the Company’s results and operations may fluctuate significantly or may fail to meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors and, in such event, the market price of the common shares could be materially adversely affected. In the past, securities class action litigation or shareholder activism has often been initiated following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities. Such litigation or shareholder activism, if brought against the Company, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Unfavorable changes or conditions could occur in the states where our operations are concentrated.

A majority of our anesthesia services revenue is generated by our operations in 11 states. In particular, Georgia, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Colorado and Texas accounts for over half of our anesthesia revenue. Adverse changes or conditions affecting these particular states, such as healthcare reforms, changes in laws and regulations, reduced reimbursements and government investigations, economic conditions, extreme weather conditions, and natural disasters may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our securities.

We may be subject to a variety of regulatory investigations, claims, lawsuits, and other proceedings.

Due to the nature of the Company’s business, including without limitation the Company’s public listing, operations in the medical industry, product and anesthesia services, the Company may be subject to a variety of regulatory investigations, claims, lawsuits and other proceedings in the ordinary course of its business. The results of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty due to the uncertainty inherent in litigation, including the effects of discovery of new evidence or advancement of new legal theories, the difficulty of predicting decisions of judges and juries and the possibility that decisions may be reversed on appeal. There can be no assurances that these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our anesthesia employees and third-party contractors may not appropriately record or document services that they provide.

Our anesthesia employees are responsible for appropriately recording and documenting the services they provide. We use this information to seek reimbursement for their services from third-party payors. In addition, we utilize third-party contractors to perform certain revenue cycle management functions for medical providers and payors, including medical coding and data reporting. If our employees and third-party contractors do not appropriately document, or where applicable, code for their services or our customers’ services, we could be subjected to administrative, regulatory, civil, or criminal investigations or sanctions and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

51

If we are unable to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property, our competitive position could be impaired.

Our commercial success and competitive position with the CRH O’Regan System are dependent in part upon our proprietary intellectual property, including our ability to:

• obtain patents and maintain their validity;

• protect our trade secrets; and

• effectively enforce our proprietary rights or patents against infringers.

Patent applications may not result in patents being issued. Until a patent is issued, the claims covered by the patent may be narrowed or removed entirely and therefore we may not obtain adequate patent protection. As a result, we may face unanticipated competition, or conclude that, without patent rights, the risk of bringing products to the market is too great. Any patents that we own may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented and may not provide us with protection against competitors. We may be forced to engage in costly and time-consuming litigation in order to protect our intellectual property rights. Patent rights may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products or technologies. Patent rights are limited in time and have expiration dates. The laws of certain foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do U.S. laws, and the scope of our patent claims also may vary between countries, as individual countries have distinctive patent laws.

In addition to patents, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how. We seek protection, in part, through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements. These agreements may not provide meaningful protection of our technology and operations model or adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential and proprietary information and, in any event, others may develop independently, or obtain access to, the same or similar information. Our failure or inability to protect our trade secrets and proprietary know-how could impair our competitive position.

We may spend significant resources to enforce our intellectual property rights and such enforcement could result in litigation. Intellectual property litigation is complex and can be expensive and time-consuming, and our efforts in this regard may not be successful. We also may not be able to detect infringement. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies. Patent litigation can result in substantial cost and diversion of effort. Intellectual property protection may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, enabling our competitors to capture increased market position. Patents issued to or licensed by us in the past or in the future may be challenged and held invalid. The invalidation of key intellectual property rights or an unsuccessful outcome in lawsuits filed to protect our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

The success of our business depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology and know-how and operate without infringing the intellectual property rights of others. It is possible that as a result of future litigation our products currently marketed may be found to infringe or otherwise violate third party intellectual property rights.

If there is a change in federal or state laws, rules, regulations, or in interpretations of such federal or state laws, rules or regulations, we may be required to redeem our physician partners’ ownership interests in anesthesia companies under the savings clause in our joint venture operating agreements.

The operating agreements with our physician partners contain a savings clause that is triggered upon an adverse governmental action, including a change in federal or state laws, rules or regulations or an interpretation of such federal or state laws, rules or regulations (each an “Adverse Governmental Action”). Upon the occurrence of an Adverse Governmental Action the savings clause will require divestiture of the physicians’ ownership in the anesthesia company and we would be required to redeem the physicians’ ownership interest. If an Adverse Governmental Action occurs under a particular state’s law, we would be required to redeem the ownership interests of each physician partner in such state. If an Adverse Governmental Action occurs under federal law, we would be required to redeem the ownership interest of each physician partner in the United States. The redemption price of each anesthesia company is based upon a predetermined multiple of such anesthesia company’s EBITDA, which reflects the fair market value of the redeemed interests. This could impact our cash flow during the redemption period. The redemption occurs over a period of four or five years depending on each applicable operating agreement.

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Our employees and business partners may not appropriately secure and protect confidential information in their possession.

Each of our employees and business partners is responsible for the security of the information in our systems and to ensure that private and financial information is kept confidential. Should an employee or business partner not follow appropriate security measures, including those related to cyber threats or attacks, such non-compliance may result in the release of private or confidential financial information. The release of such information could have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Failure to protect our information technology infrastructure against cyber-based attacks, network security breaches, service interruptions or data corruption could significantly disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business and operating results.

We rely extensively on information technology systems and telephone networks and systems, including the Internet, to process and transmit sensitive electronic information and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including sales, billing, customer service, procurement and supply chain, manufacturing, and distribution. We use enterprise information technology systems to record, process, and summarize financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting, legal, and tax requirements. Our information technology systems, some of which are managed by third-parties, may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, user errors or catastrophic events. Despite the precautionary measures we have taken to prevent breakdowns in our information technology and telephone systems, if our systems suffer severe damage or disruption or shutdown and we are unable to effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our business and operating results may suffer.

In addition, we accept payments for many of our sales through credit and debit card transactions, which are handled through a third-party payment processor. As a result, we are subject to a number of risks related to credit and debit card payments, including that we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and could require us to either increase the prices we charge for our products or experience an increase in our costs and expenses. In addition, as part of the payment processing process, we transmit our patients' and clinicians' credit and debit card information to our third-party payment processor. We may in the future become subject to lawsuits or other proceedings for purportedly fraudulent transactions arising out of the actual or alleged theft of our patients' credit or debit card information if the security of our third-party credit card payment processor is breached. We and our third-party credit card payment processor are also subject to payment card association operating rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we or our third-party credit card payment processor fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from our patients, and there may be an adverse impact on our business.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common shares depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our shares or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price would likely decline. In addition, if our operating results fail to meet the forecasts of analysts, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common shares could decrease, which might cause our share price and trading volume to decline.

We may be subject to criminal or civil sanctions if we fail to comply with privacy regulations regarding the protection, use and disclosure of patient information.

The HIPAA Privacy Rule (the “Privacy Rule”) restricts the use and disclosure of patient information and requires entities to safeguard that information and to provide certain rights to individuals with respect to that information. The HIPAA Security Rule (the “Security Rule”) establishes elaborate requirements for safeguarding patient health information transmitted or stored electronically.

The Privacy Rule and Security Rule require the development and implementation of detailed policies, procedures, contracts and forms to assure compliance. We have implemented such compliance measures, but we may be required to make additional costly system purchases and modifications to comply with evolving HIPAA rules, and our failure to comply may result in liability and adversely affect our business.

53

New health information standards, whether implemented pursuant to HIPAA, congressional action or otherwise, could have a significant effect on the manner in which we must handle healthcare related data, and the cost of complying with standards could be significant. If we do not properly comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to patient health information, we could be subject to criminal or civil sanctions.

Evolving regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses and continuing uncertainty.

Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including those of the CSA, the SEC, the TSX and the NYSE American are creating uncertainty for companies such as ours. These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, we intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and we may be harmed.

Future changes in financial accounting standards may cause adverse, unexpected revenue fluctuations and affect our financial position or results of operations. New pronouncements and varying interpretations of pronouncements have occurred with greater frequency and are expected to occur in the future. Compliance with changing regulations of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses. All of these uncertainties are leading generally toward increasing insurance costs, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and our ability to purchase any such insurance, at acceptable rates or at all, in the future.

Anti-takeover provisions could discourage a third party from making a takeover offer that could be beneficial to our shareholders.

From time to time, another entity could pursue us as an acquisition target, or could otherwise seek to influence our corporate affairs.  However, some of the provisions in our articles of incorporation could delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us or replacing members of our Board of Directors, even if the acquisition or the replacements would be beneficial to our shareholders. These provisions could also reduce the price that certain investors might be willing to pay for our securities and result in the market price for our securities, including the market price for our common shares, being lower than it would be without these provisions.

We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company,” and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to such companies could make our common shares less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and a “smaller reporting company,” as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and we have taken advantage of, and intend to continue to take advantage of, certain exemptions from various reporting and compliance requirements that apply to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” or “smaller reporting companies.” These exemptions include, but are not limited to, the following:

• not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

• only being required to include two, as opposed to three, years of audited financial statements in our annual reports;

• less extensive disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our registration statements, periodic reports and proxy statements; and

• exemptions from the requirements to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

54

We intend to continue to take advantage of exemptions relating to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies but cannot guarantee that we will not be required to implement these requirements sooner than budgeted or planned and thereby incur unexpected expenses. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because of our reliance on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares, which could result in a reduction in the price of our common shares or cause our share price to be more volatile.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common shares, and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our common shares.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common shares and do not currently intend to do so for the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business. In addition, any future debt financing arrangement may contain terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that may be declared or paid on our common shares. Any return to shareholders will therefore be limited to any appreciation of their shares. Therefore, the success of an investment in our common shares will depend upon any future appreciation in their value. There is no guarantee that our common shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which our shareholders purchased their shares.

Tax reform could have a material adverse effect on us.

The December 2017 legislation commonly referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “Tax Act”) made significant changes to federal income tax law including, among other things, reducing the statutory corporate income tax rate to 21 percent from 35 percent and changing the U.S. taxation of our non-U.S. business activities. We may be adversely affected by these changes in U.S. tax laws and regulations, and it is possible that governmental authorities in the United States and/or other countries could further amend tax laws that would adversely affect us. In addition, we are required to evaluate the impact of the Tax Act on our operations and financial statements, and to the extent we initially do so inaccurately, we may not provide investors or the public with advance notice of any adverse effect. Currently, we have accounted for the effects of the Tax Act using reasonable estimates based on currently available information and our interpretations thereof. This accounting may change due to, among other things, changes in interpretations we have made and the issuance of new tax or accounting guidance.

Certain changes in tax law implemented by the Tax Act were only partially effective in the 2018 fiscal year and become fully effective in the 2019 fiscal year. The primary impacts to us include repeal of the alternative minimum tax regime, decrease of the corporate income tax rate structure, net operating loss limitations, and changes to the limits on executive compensation deductions. These changes will have a material impact to the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income and effective tax rate. Although we currently anticipate the enacted changes in the corporate tax rate and calculation of taxable income will have a favorable effect on our financial condition, profitability, and/or cash flows, we are still analyzing the Tax Act with our professional advisers. Until such analysis is complete and verified, the full impact of the Tax Act on us in future periods is uncertain, and no assurances can be made by us that it will not have any negative impacts on us.

Income tax audits and changes in our effective income tax rate could affect our results of operations.

Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates, certain non-deductible expenses arising from stock option compensation, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in federal, state or provincial tax laws and accounting principles. Increases in our effective tax rate could materially affect our net results.

In addition, we are subject to income tax audits by many tax jurisdictions. Although we believe our income tax liabilities are reasonably estimated and accounted for in accordance with applicable laws and principles, an adverse resolution of one or more uncertain tax positions in any period could have a material impact on the results of operations for that period.

55

The patent protection for our products may expire before we are able to maximize their commercial value, which may subject us to increased competition and reduce or eliminate our opportunity to generate revenues.

Our patents have varying expiration dates and, if these patents expire, we may be subject to increased competition, which could reduce or eliminate our opportunity to generate revenues or limit our ability to market our approved products. For example, our primary patents in the United States and Canada expired on March 8, 2016. Upon expiration of our patents, we may be subject to increased competition and our opportunity to establish or maintain product revenues could be substantially reduced or eliminated. Although we will continue to protect our proprietary rights through a variety of means, including the filing of three additional patents in September 2013 – one of which was issued in 2015, with a second one issued in 2016 – we cannot guarantee that the protective steps we have taken are adequate to protect these rights. In addition, as our patents expire, we may be unsuccessful in extending their protection through patent term extensions. The expiration of, or the failure to maintain or extend our patents could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

We may face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates.

Our business is primarily based in the United States with a significant portion of our revenues, expenses, current assets and current liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars. Our financial statements are also expressed in U.S. dollars. An increase or decrease in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could result in increased expenses and losses from currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Item2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not make sales of equity securities during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020 that were not registered under the Securities Act.

Item3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item5. Other Information

None.

56

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Notice of Articles of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-37542, originally filed with the SEC on March 13, 2019).
3.2	Articles of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-206945), originally filed with the SEC on September 14, 2015).
4.1	Specimen Common Share certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-206945), originally filed with the SEC on September 14, 2015).
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

57

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION
By:	/s/ Tushar Ramani, MD
Name:	Tushar Ramani, MD
Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	May 12, 2020
By:	/s/ Richard Bear
Name:	Richard Bear
Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:	May 12, 2020

58

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Tushar Ramani, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CRH Medical Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 12, 2020

/s/ Tushar Ramani, MD

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Richard Bear, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CRH Medical Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 12, 2020

/s/ Richard Bear

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) in connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CRH Medical Corporation for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of CRH Medical Corporation  

/s/ Tushar Ramani, MD
Name:	Tushar Ramani, MD
Title:	Chief Executive Officer
Date:	May 12, 2020

This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of §18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section.  

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) in connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CRH Medical Corporation for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of CRH Medical Corporation

/s/ Richard Bear
Name:	Richard Bear
Title:	Chief Financial Officer
Date:	May 12, 2020

This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of §18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	May 11, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Registrant Name	CRH MEDICAL CORPORATION
Entity Central Index Key	0001461119
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Trading Symbol	CRHM
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		71,564,084
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	true
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity File Number	001-37542
Entity Tax Identification Number	00-0000000
Entity Address Address Line One	World Trade Center
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 619 – 999 Canada Place
Entity Address, City or Town	Vancouver
Entity Address, State or Province	BC
Entity Address, Country	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	V6C 3E1
City Area Code	604
Local Phone Number	633-1440
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	A1
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of each class	Common Shares, no par value
Name of each exchange on which registered	NYSEAMER

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Non-Controlling Interest [Member]
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 137,291,177	$ 55,372,884	$ 9,329,335	$ (66,772)	$ 12,916,565	$ 59,739,165
Beginning Balance , shares at Dec. 31, 2018		72,055,688
Total net and comprehensive income (loss) for the period	1,390,790				(76,968)	1,467,758
Stock-based compensation	564,251		564,251
Common shares issued on vesting of share units		$ 8,235	(8,235)
Common shares issued on vesting of share units, shares		2,500
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and cancelled (note 11(e))	(1,410,823)	$ (347,300)			(1,063,523)
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and cancelled (note 11(d)), shares		(461,600)
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and held as treasury shares	(82,496)	$ (20,291)			(62,205)
Cancellation of treasury shares, shares		(10,400)
Distributions to members	(4,034,800)					(4,034,800)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	133,718,099	$ 55,013,528	9,885,351	(66,772)	11,713,869	57,172,123
Ending Balance , shares at Mar. 31, 2019		71,586,188
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	124,215,360	$ 56,056,113	7,168,156	(66,772)	13,154,981	47,902,882
Beginning Balance , shares at Dec. 31, 2019		71,603,584
Total net and comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(2,134,957)				(2,078,494)	(56,463)
Stock-based compensation	652,548		652,548
Common shares issued on vesting of share units		$ 139,105	(139,105)
Common shares issued on vesting of share units, shares		50,000
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and cancelled (note 11(e))	(123,399)	$ (57,700)			(65,699)
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and cancelled (note 11(d)), shares		(74,300)
Common shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and held as treasury shares	(4,416)	$ (2,029)			(2,387)
Adjustment in respect of prior year acquisition (note 4)	25,949		25,949
Distributions to members	(2,229,510)					(2,229,510)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 120,401,575	$ 56,135,489	$ 7,707,548	$ (66,772)	$ 11,008,401	$ 45,616,909
Ending Balance , shares at Mar. 31, 2020		71,579,284

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Summary of significant accounting policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies:  

(a) Basis of presentation:

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP.  These interim financial statements do not include all note disclosures required on an annual basis, and therefore, should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the appropriate securities regulatory authorities.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include reclassifications and normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity and condensed consolidated statements cash flows as at March 31, 2020 and for all periods presented, have been recorded. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the Company's full year results.

(b) Basis of consolidation:

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company through voting control and for the anesthesia business, control over the assets and business operations of the subsidiary through operating agreements.  Control exists when the Company has the continuing power to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial results of the Company from the effective date of acquisition up to the effective date of disposition or loss of control. Minority interests, if any, are valued at fair value at inception. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

(c) Use ofestimates, assumptions and judgments:

ThepreparationoftheCompany’s condensed consolidated interim financial statementsrequiresmanagementtomake judgments, estimatesandassumptionsthataffectthe application of accounting policies, the reportedamounts of assetsandliabilities, the disclosure of contingent assetsand liabilitiesat thedateof the financial statements and thereported amounts of revenues and expenses duringthe reporting period.

Reported amounts and note disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that are most likely to occur and anticipated measures management intends to take.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Right of use assets and related obligations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Expense Allocated to Operating Segments

Lease expense is allocated to operating segments based on the location of the leases, as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Anesthesia services expense	$	28,180	$	34,119
Product sales expense		31,196		27,758
Corporate expense		31,196		34,734
	$	90,572	$	96,611

Schedule of undiscounted lease obligations

The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s undiscounted lease obligations for each of the next five years, reconciled to the obligation as recorded on the balance sheet.

	Undiscounted lease payments
Remainder of 2020	$	58,487
2021		55,498
	$	113,985
Accretion related to outstanding lease obligations		(3,735	)
Total	$	110,250
Current obligation relating to right of use assets	$	73,663
Long-term obligation relating to right of use assets	$	36,587
Total	$	110,250

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Commitments and contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

14. Commitments and contingencies:

The Company is a party to a variety of agreements in the ordinary course of business under which it may be obligated to indemnify third parties with respect to certain matters.  These obligations include, but are not limited to, contracts entered into with physicians where the Company agrees, under certain circumstances, to indemnify a third party against losses arising from matters including but not limited to medical malpractice and product liability.  The impact of any such future claims, if made, on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as to final outcome of these potential claims.

In March 2020 the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The situation is dynamic and the ultimate duration and magnitude of the impact on the economy and our business are not known at this time. These impacts could include an impact on our ability to obtain debt and equity financing, impairment in the value of our long-lived assets, or potential future decrease in revenue or the profitability of our going operations.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

(a) Basis of presentation:

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP.  These interim financial statements do not include all note disclosures required on an annual basis, and therefore, should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the appropriate securities regulatory authorities.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include reclassifications and normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity and condensed consolidated statements cash flows as at March 31, 2020 and for all periods presented, have been recorded. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the Company's full year results.

Basis of consolidation

(b) Basis of consolidation:

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company through voting control and for the anesthesia business, control over the assets and business operations of the subsidiary through operating agreements.  Control exists when the Company has the continuing power to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial results of the Company from the effective date of acquisition up to the effective date of disposition or loss of control. Minority interests, if any, are valued at fair value at inception. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

Use of estimates, assumptions and judgments

(c) Use ofestimates, assumptions and judgments:

ThepreparationoftheCompany’s condensed consolidated interim financial statementsrequiresmanagementtomake judgments, estimatesandassumptionsthataffectthe application of accounting policies, the reportedamounts of assetsandliabilities, the disclosure of contingent assetsand liabilitiesat thedateof the financial statements and thereported amounts of revenues and expenses duringthe reporting period.

Reported amounts and note disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that are most likely to occur and anticipated measures management intends to take.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Right of use assets and related obligations (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Remainder of 2020	$ 58,487
2021	55,498
Total	113,985
Accretion related to outstanding lease obligations	(3,735)
Total	110,250
Current obligation relating to right of use assets	73,663	$ 125,555
Long-term obligation relating to right of use assets	36,587	$ 54,300
Total	$ 110,250

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Trade and Other Receivables - Summary of Trade Receivables and Other Receivable (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Line Items]
Trade receivables, gross	$ 16,851,074	$ 20,024,916
Other receivables	53,238	50,756
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(31,569)	(34,384)
Receivables net current	16,872,743	20,041,288
Anesthesia Services [Member]
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Line Items]
Trade receivables, gross	16,142,557	19,081,177
Product Sales [Member]
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Line Items]
Trade receivables, gross	$ 708,517	$ 943,739

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Intangible Assets - Summary of Amortization Expense to be Incurred by Company Over Next Five Years (Detail) - Professional Services Agreements [Member]	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Finite Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Line Items]
Remainder of 2020	$ 28,058,866
2021	32,132,359
2022	25,411,095
2023	21,264,711
2024	19,340,794
The first three months of 2025	3,274,220
Amortization Expense	$ 129,482,045

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Segmented Information - Additional information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 Segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of segments	2

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Segmented Information - Summary of Operating Segments (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 25,454,792	$ 29,119,090
Operating costs	28,051,654	25,294,241
Operating income (loss)	(2,596,862)	3,824,849
Finance (income) expense	496,840	2,391,979
Depreciation and amortization expense	9,408,874	8,667,984
Anesthesia Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	23,150,397	26,692,966
Operating costs	24,629,366	22,559,355
Operating income (loss)	(1,478,969)	4,133,611
Finance (income) expense	(180,847)	1,453,768
Depreciation and amortization expense	9,383,403	8,643,707
Product Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	2,304,395	2,426,124
Operating costs	1,191,484	1,134,477
Operating income (loss)	1,112,911	1,291,647
Depreciation and amortization expense	5,295	9,172
Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating costs	2,230,804	1,600,409
Operating income (loss)	(2,230,804)	(1,600,409)
Finance (income) expense	677,687	938,211
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 20,176	$ 15,105

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Financial Instruments - Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Liabilities	$ 872,068	$ 1,063,060
Earn-out obligation [Member]
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Liabilities	872,068	1,063,060
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Liabilities	872,068	1,063,060
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Earn-out obligation [Member]
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Liabilities	$ 872,068	$ 1,063,060

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Notes Payable - Summary of Notes Payable (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Total loans and borrowings	$ 71,341,370
Scotia Facility [Member]
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Non-current portion	70,436,634	$ 68,380,345
Total loans and borrowings	$ 70,436,634	$ 68,380,345

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Share Capital - Additional Information (Detail)		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 03, 2020 shares	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2020 CAD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2019 CAD ($) shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized		100,000,000	100,000,000
Share based payment awards issued		0	0	0	0
Compensation expense related to granting and vesting of share unit | $		$ 570,254		$ 564,251
Repurchase of shares		77,000	77,000	488,600	488,600
Total cost, including transaction fee		$ 128,365	$ 178,486	$ 1,496,588	$ 1,988,859
Options [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares excluded from diluted weighted average number of common shares calculation		1,004,687	1,004,687	1,344,687	1,344,687
Share units [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares excluded from diluted weighted average number of common shares calculation		2,676,896	2,676,896	2,119,250	2,119,250
Common Stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares cancelled under normal course issuer bid		74,300	74,300
Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares cancelled under normal course issuer bid	2,700
Options [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense | $		$ 82,294

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Trade and other payables

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Trade and other payables

6. Trade and other payables:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade payables	$	1,058,175	$	1,213,276
Accruals and other payables		3,744,348		4,983,465
	$	4,802,523	$	6,196,741

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Notes payable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Notes payable

10. Notes payable:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current portion	$	—	$	—
Non-current portion		70,436,634		68,380,345
Total loans and borrowings	$	70,436,634	$	68,380,345

J.P. Morgan Chase (“JP Morgan Facility”)

On October 22, 2019, the Company entered into a three year revolving credit line which provides up to $200 million in borrowing capacity. The JP Morgan Facility includes a committed $125 million facility and access to an accordion feature that increases the amount of the credit available to the Company by $75 million. Interest on the JP Morgan Facility is calculated with reference to LIBOR plus 1.25% to 1.75%, dependent on the Company’s total leverage ratio. The JP Morgan Facility is secured by the assets of the Company and matures on October 22, 2022. Since the JP Morgan Facility is a syndicated facility, which includes the Bank of Nova Scotia as a lender, any remaining deferred financing fees under the previous Scotia Facility were retained and are amortized over the term of the new facility. The Company incurred deferred financing fees of $839,893 in connection with this facility in the year ended December 31, 2019. The remaining unamortized fees relating to the JP Morgan Facility as of March 31, 2020 were $904,736.  Under the JP Morgan Facility, there are no quarterly or annual repayment requirements. As at March 31, 2020, the Company had drawn $71,341,370 on the JP Morgan Facility (2019 - $69,341,370).   As at March 31, 2020, the Company is required to maintain the following financial covenants in respect of this Facility:  

Financial Covenant	Required Ratio
Total leverage ratio	Not greater than 3.00:1.00
Interest coverage ratio	Not less than 3.00:1.00

The Company is in compliance with all covenants as at March 31, 2020.

The consolidated minimum loan payments (principal) for all loan agreements in the future are as follows:

	Minimum Principal
At March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	—
2022		71,341,370
	$	71,341,370

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Net finance expense (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Text Block [Abstract]

Summary of Net Finance Expense

Recognized in earnings in the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Finance income:
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value through earnings (note 13)	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Total finance income	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Finance expense:
Interest and accretion expense on borrowings	$	587,084		$	873,120
Accretion expense on earn-out obligation and deferred    consideration		10,145			53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees		90,603			65,091
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value    through earnings (note 13)		—			1,400,500
Total finance expense	$	687,832		$	2,391,979
Net finance expense	$	496,840		$	2,391,979

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Intangible assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the following periods:

Asset	Basis	Rate
Intellectual property rights to the CRH O’Regan System	Straight-line	15 years
Intellectual property new technology	Straight-line	20 years
Exclusive professional services agreements	Straight-line	4.5 to 15 years

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Cost
Balance as at December 31, 2019	$	275,113,390	$	532,598	$	275,645,988
Additions through asset acquisitions (note 4)		—		—		—
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	275,113,390	$	532,598	$	275,645,988

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Accumulated depreciation
Balance as at December 31, 2019	$	112,035,676	$	502,119	$	112,537,795
Amortization expense		9,379,278		376		9,379,654
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	121,414,954	$	502,495	$	121,917,449

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Net book value
March 31, 2020	$	153,698,436	$	30,103	$	153,728,539
December 31, 2019	$	163,077,714	$	30,479	$	163,108,193

Summary of Amortization Expense to be Incurred by Company Over Next Five Years

Based on the Company’s professional services agreements in place at March 31, 2020, the Company anticipates that the amortization expense to be incurred by the Company over the next five years is as follows:

	Amortization Expense
For professional services agreements as at March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	28,058,866
2021		32,132,359
2022		25,411,095
2023		21,264,711
2024		19,340,794
The first three months of 2025		3,274,220
	$	129,482,045

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Asset acquisitions - Summary of Asset Acquisitions (Detail) - Anesthesia Services [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration	$ 17,506,700
Anesthesia Care Associates LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Date Acquired	2019-01
Consideration	$ 5,355,028
South Metro Anesthesia Associates LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Date Acquired	2019-05
Consideration	$ 1,791,431
Crystal River Anesthesia Associates, LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Date Acquired	2019-07
Consideration	$ 2,174,003
Triad Sedation Associates LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Date Acquired	2019-11
Consideration	$ 5,423,936
Consideration	$ 3,828,661
Florida Panhandle Anesthesia Associates LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Date Acquired	2019-12
Consideration	$ 2,762,302

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Equity investment - Summary of Unaudited Financial Information for TSA Equity Method Investee (Detail) - Triad Sedation Associates LLC [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Results of operations
Anesthesia revenue	$ 1,106,603
Anesthesia services expense	360,605
Net income	$ 745,998

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Notes Payable - Summary of Consolidated Minimum Loan Payments (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 71,341,370
Total loans and borrowings	$ 71,341,370

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Net Finance Expense - Summary of Net Finance Expense (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Finance income:
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value through earnings (note 13)	$ (190,992)
Total finance income	(190,992)
Finance expense:
Interest and accretion expense on borrowings	587,084	$ 873,120
Accretion expense on earn-out obligation and deferred consideration	10,145	53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees	90,603	65,091
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value through earnings (note 13)		1,400,500
Total finance expense	687,832	2,391,979
Net finance expense	$ 496,840	$ 2,391,979

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Trade and other receivables

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Receivables [Abstract]

Trade and other receivables

5. Trade and other receivables:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Trade receivables, gross	$	16,851,074		$	20,024,916
Other receivables		53,238			50,756
Less:  allowance for doubtful accounts		(31,569	)		(34,384	)
	$	16,872,743		$	20,041,288
Anesthesia segment – trade receivables, gross		16,142,557			19,081,177
Product segment – trade receivables, gross		708,517			943,739
	$	16,851,074		$	20,024,916

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Equity investment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Equity investment

9. Equity investment:

In October 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Digestive Health Specialists (“DHS”), located in North Carolina, to assist DHS in the development and management of a monitored anesthesia care program. Under the terms of the agreement, CRH was a 15% equity owner in the anesthesia business, Triad Sedation Associates LLC (“TSA”) and received compensation for its billing and collection services. Under the terms of the limited liability company agreement, CRH had the right, at CRH’s option, to acquire an additional 36% interest in the anesthesia business at a future date, but no sooner than November 2019. The Company assessed and concluded that, as TSA was an LLC, equity method accounting was required under ASC 970-323 until such time as a change in ownership interest occurred. On November 1, 2019, the Company acquired control of TSA via the exercise of its option to acquire an additional 36% interest. Refer to note 4.

The option agreement was determined to be an executory contract and both the equity interest and option agreement were determined to have only nominal value upon grant date and as at March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes unaudited financial information for the TSA equity method investee for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  As at and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, TSA is consolidated 100% within the results of the Company.

Results of operations	Three months ended March 31, 2019
Anesthesia revenue	$	1,106,603
Anesthesia services expense		360,605
Net income	$	745,998

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Asset acquisitions - Summary of Fair Value of Consideration Transferred and Allocated Costs of Assets and Liabilities Acquired at Acquisition Date (Detail) - Anesthesia Services [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 15,032,311
Acquisition costs	251,469
Deferred consideration	627,645
Pre-transaction equity interest	1,595,275
Purchase consideration	17,506,700
Non-controlling interest	11,419,673
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	28,926,373
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	27,182,915
Cash	115,397
Accounts receivable	1,950,219
Prepaid expenses and deposits	1,518
Trade payables and other accruals	(323,676)
Pre-close accounts receivable	50,000
Pre-close accounts payable	(50,000)
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	28,926,373
ACA [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	5,239,003
Acquisition costs	116,025
Deferred consideration	0
Pre-transaction equity interest	0
Purchase consideration	5,355,028
Non-controlling interest	0
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	5,355,028
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	5,355,028
Cash	0
Accounts receivable	0
Prepaid expenses and deposits	0
Trade payables and other accruals	0
Pre-close accounts receivable	50,000
Pre-close accounts payable	(50,000)
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	$ 5,355,028
Exclusive professional services agreements – amortization term	6 years
CRH ownership interest	100.00%
SMAA [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 1,752,465
Acquisition costs	38,966
Deferred consideration	0
Pre-transaction equity interest	0
Purchase consideration	1,791,431
Non-controlling interest	1,465,716
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	3,257,147
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	3,257,147
Cash	0
Accounts receivable	0
Prepaid expenses and deposits	0
Trade payables and other accruals	0
Pre-close accounts receivable	0
Pre-close accounts payable	0
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	$ 3,257,147
Exclusive professional services agreements – amortization term	5 years
CRH ownership interest	55.00%
CRAA [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 2,130,000
Acquisition costs	44,003
Deferred consideration	0
Pre-transaction equity interest	0
Purchase consideration	2,174,003
Non-controlling interest	2,088,748
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	4,262,751
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	4,262,751
Cash	0
Accounts receivable	0
Prepaid expenses and deposits	0
Trade payables and other accruals	0
Pre-close accounts receivable	0
Pre-close accounts payable	0
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	$ 4,262,751
Exclusive professional services agreements – amortization term	5 years
CRH ownership interest	51.00%
TSA [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 3,185,843
Acquisition costs	15,173
Deferred consideration	627,645
Pre-transaction equity interest	1,595,275
Purchase consideration	5,423,936
Non-controlling interest	5,211,233
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	10,635,169
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	8,891,711
Cash	115,397
Accounts receivable	1,950,219
Prepaid expenses and deposits	1,518
Trade payables and other accruals	(323,676)
Pre-close accounts receivable	0
Pre-close accounts payable	0
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	$ 10,635,169
Exclusive professional services agreements – amortization term	5 years
CRH ownership interest	51.00%
FPAA [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 2,725,000
Acquisition costs	37,302
Deferred consideration	0
Pre-transaction equity interest	0
Purchase consideration	2,762,302
Non-controlling interest	2,653,976
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	5,416,278
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	5,416,278
Cash	0
Accounts receivable	0
Prepaid expenses and deposits	0
Trade payables and other accruals	0
Pre-close accounts receivable	0
Pre-close accounts payable	0
Fair value of net identifiable assets and liabilities acquired	$ 5,416,278
Exclusive professional services agreements – amortization term	5 years
CRH ownership interest	51.00%

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Financial instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments All Other Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Liabilities	March 31, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Earn-out obligation	$	872,068	$	—	$	—	$	872,068
Total	$	872,068	$	—	$	—	$	872,068

Liabilities	December 31, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Earn-out obligation	$	1,063,060	$	—	$	—	$	1,063,060
Total	$	1,063,060	$	—	$	—	$	1,063,060

Summary of Reconciliation of Level 3 Fair Values

	Earn-out obligation
Balance as at January 1, 2020	$	1,063,060
Recorded in finance expense:
Fair value adjustment		(190,992	)
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	872,068

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Equity investment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of Unaudited Financial Information for TSA Equity Method Investee

The following table summarizes unaudited financial information for the TSA equity method investee for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  As at and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, TSA is consolidated 100% within the results of the Company.

Results of operations	Three months ended March 31, 2019
Anesthesia revenue	$	1,106,603
Anesthesia services expense		360,605
Net income	$	745,998

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Nature of operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of operations

1. Nature of operations:

CRH Medical Corporation (“CRH” or “the Company”) was incorporated on April 21, 2001 and is incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).  The Company provides anesthesiology services to gastroenterologists in the United States through its subsidiaries and sells its patented proprietary technology for the treatment of hemorrhoids directly to physicians in the United States and Canada.

CRH principally operates in the United States and is headquartered from its registered offices located at Unit 619, 999 Canada Place, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 25,454,792	$ 29,119,090
Expenses:
Total expenses	28,051,654	25,294,241
Operating income (loss)	(2,596,862)	3,824,849
Finance income	(190,992)
Finance expense	687,832	2,391,979
(Gain) loss from equity investment	15,666	(125,179)
Income (loss) before tax	(3,109,368)	1,558,049
Income tax expense (recovery)	(974,411)	167,259
Net and comprehensive income (loss)	(2,134,957)	1,390,790
Attributable to:
Shareholders of the Company	(2,078,494)	(76,968)
Non-controlling interest	(56,463)	1,467,758
Net and comprehensive income	$ (2,134,957)	$ 1,390,790
Loss per share attributable to shareholders
Basic and diluted	$ (0.029)	$ (0.001)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	71,608,769	71,823,368
Anesthesia Services [Member]
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 23,150,397	$ 26,692,966
Expenses:
Total expenses	24,629,366	22,559,355
Product [Member]
Revenue:
Total revenue	2,304,395	2,426,124
Expenses:
Total expenses	1,191,484	1,134,477
Corporate Expense [Member]
Expenses:
Total expenses	$ 2,230,804	$ 1,600,409

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Financial instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments All Other Investments [Abstract]

Financial instruments

13. Financial instruments:

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, employee benefit obligations, short term advances, notes payable and bank indebtedness, deferred consideration and the Company’s earn-out obligation.  The fair values of these financial instruments, except the notes payable balances, the deferred consideration and the earn-out obligation, approximate carrying value because of their short-term nature. The earn-out obligation is recorded at fair value.  The fair value of the notes payable and bank indebtedness, which is comprised of the JP Morgan Facility, approximates carrying value as it is a floating rate instrument.  The Company’s deferred consideration relating to its Austin Gastroenterology Anesthesia Associates LLC (“AGAA”) acquisition in 2016 was initially measured at fair value and is being accreted to its face value over a period of four years from the acquisition date.  Additionally, the Company has included amounts within deferred compensation relating to payments under its TSA and CCAA transactions; these amounts are repayable within one year.  

An established fair value hierarchy requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement.  There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

• Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

• Level 3 - inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Liabilities	March 31, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Earn-out obligation	$	872,068	$	—	$	—	$	872,068
Total	$	872,068	$	—	$	—	$	872,068

Liabilities	December 31, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Earn-out obligation	$	1,063,060	$	—	$	—	$	1,063,060
Total	$	1,063,060	$	—	$	—	$	1,063,060

13. Financial instruments (continued):

The Company’s earn-out obligation is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).  The earn-out obligation relates to the Company’s Gastroenterology Anesthesia Associates LLC acquisition, which was acquired in 2014.  As part of the transaction, the Company is required to pay consideration contingent on the post-acquisition earnings of the acquired asset.  In the year-ended December 31, 2019, the Company paid $4,795,822 as partial payment of the amount owing under its earn-out obligation; the Company expects to pay the remaining obligation of $872,068 within one year.  The Company measures the fair value of the earn-out obligation based on its best estimate of the cash outflows payable in respect of the earn-out obligation.  This valuation technique includes inputs relating to estimated cash outflows under the arrangement.  The Company evaluates the inputs into the valuation technique at each reporting period.  During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company revised its estimate underlying the remaining amount to be paid under the earn-out obligation. The amendment of the cash outflow estimates underlying the earn-out resulted in a decreaseof $190,992 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to the fair value of the earn-out obligation.  The impact of this adjustment was recorded through finance expense in the period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded accretion expense of $nil (2019 - $33,658), in relation to this liability, reflecting the change in fair value of the liabilities that is attributable to credit risk.

Reconciliation of level 3 fair values:

	Earn-out obligation
Balance as at January 1, 2020	$	1,063,060
Recorded in finance expense:
Fair value adjustment		(190,992	)
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	872,068

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Subsequent event

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent event

17. Subsequent event:

On April 17, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds of $2,945,620 (“PPP Loan”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) in order to enable small businesses to pay employees during the COVID-19 crisis, and provides loans to qualifying businesses for up to 2.5 times their average monthly payroll costs. The amount borrowed under the PPP is expected to be eligible to be forgiven provided that the borrower uses the loan proceeds during the eight week period after receiving them, and provided that the proceeds are used to cover payroll costs (including benefits), rent, mortgage interest, and utility costs. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if, among other reasons, the borrower does not maintain staffing or payroll levels.

Principal and interest payments on any unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan will be deferred for six months and will accrue interest at a fixed annual rate of 1%. Additionally, the remaining PPP Loan balance will carry a two year maturity date. There is no prepayment penalty on the PPP Loan.

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Trade and other payables (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Summary of Trade and Other Payables

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade payables	$	1,058,175	$	1,213,276
Accruals and other payables		3,744,348		4,983,465
	$	4,802,523	$	6,196,741

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Equity investment - Additional Information (Detail) - Triad Sedation Associates LLC [Member] - Anesthesia Services Segment [Member]		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Oct. 31, 2018
Percentage of equity interest			15.00%
Options to acquire additional interest percent		36.00%
Exercise of options to acquire additional interest percent	36.00%

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Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets Finite Lives Amortized Over Period (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Intellectual Property Rights to the CRH O'Regan System [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Basis	Straight-line
Rate	15 years
Intellectual Property New Technology [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Basis	Straight-line
Rate	20 years
Exclusive Professional Services Agreements [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Basis	Straight-line
Exclusive Professional Services Agreements [Member] | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Rate	4 years 6 months
Exclusive Professional Services Agreements [Member] | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Rate	15 years

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Trade and Other Payables - Summary of Trade and Other Payables (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Trade payables	$ 1,058,175	$ 1,213,276
Accruals and other payables	3,744,348	4,983,465
Total	$ 4,802,523	$ 6,196,741

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Product sales	$ 7,190	$ 7,000
Amounts owing by or to related party	$ 0	$ 0

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Segmented Information - Summary of Property and Equipment, Intangibles and Other Assets Located in Geographic Regions (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Property and equipment	$ 224,350	$ 251,933
Intangible assets	153,728,539	163,108,193
Total assets	199,339,722	203,095,269
Canada [Member]
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Property and equipment	186,928	210,386
Intangible assets	30,101	30,478
Total assets	7,683,885	3,231,845
United States [Member]
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Property and equipment	37,422	41,547
Intangible assets	153,698,438	163,077,715
Total assets	$ 191,655,837	$ 199,863,424

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Notes Payable - Additional Information (Detail) - JP Morgan Facility [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, initiation date	Oct. 22, 2019
Line of credit facility, maturity period	3 years
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 200,000,000
Line of credit facility, committed amount	125,000,000
Line of credit facility, additional borrowing capacity	$ 75,000,000
Line of credit facility, maturity date	Oct. 22, 2022
Deferred financing fees	$ 839,893
Remaining unamortized fees	904,736
Line of credit facility, annual repayment	0
Line of credit facility, quarterly repayment	0
Credit facility drawn amount	$ 71,341,370	$ 69,341,370
LIBOR [Member] | Minimum
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Borrowings, adjustment to interest rate basis	1.25%
LIBOR [Member] | Maximum
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Borrowings, adjustment to interest rate basis	1.75%

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Share Capital - Summary of Status of Plan for Other Equity Instruments (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 shares
Time Based Share Units [Member]
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share based Payments [Abstract]
Beginning balance	2,147,500
Exercised	(50,000)
Forfeited	(47,500)
Expired
Ending balance	2,050,000
Vested
Expected to vest	2,050,000
Performance Based Share Units [Member]
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share based Payments [Abstract]
Beginning balance	950,000
Issued
Exercised
Expired
Ending balance	950,000
Vested

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Asset acquisitions - Additional Information - (Detail) - Acquisition	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Number of asset acquisitions completed	0	5

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Share capital (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Text Block [Abstract]

Summary of Status of Plan for Other Equity Instruments

11. Share capital (continued):

A summary of the status of the plan as of March 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Time based share units			Performance based share units
Outstanding, December 31, 2019		2,147,500			950,000
Issued		—			—
Exercised		(50,000	)		—
Forfeited		(47,500	)		—
Expired		—			—
Outstanding, March 31, 2020		2,050,000			950,000
Vested		—			—
Expected to vest		2,050,000			—

Summary of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Net loss			Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		Per share amount			Net loss			Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		Per share amount
Net loss attributable to shareholders:
Loss per common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(2,078,494	)		71,608,769	$	(0.029	)	$	(76,968	)		71,823,368	$	(0.001	)

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Share capital

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Text Block [Abstract]

Share capital

11. Share capital:

(a) Authorized:

100,000,000 common shares without par value.

(b) Issued and outstanding – common shares:

Other than in connection with shares issued in respect of the Company’s share unit and share option plans and in connection with the Company’s normal course issuer bid (note 11(e)), there were no share transactions in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

(c) Share unit plan:

In June 2017, the shareholders of the Company approved a Share Unit Plan.   Employees, directors and eligible consultants of the Company and its designated subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the Share Unit Plan. In accordance with the terms of the plan, the Company will approve those employees, directors and eligible consultants who are entitled to receive share units and the number of share units to be awarded to each participant. Each share unit awarded conditionally entitles the participant to receive one common share of the Company upon attainment of the share unit vesting criteria.  The vesting of share units is conditional upon the expiry of time-based vesting conditions or performance-based vesting conditions or a combination of the two.  Once the share units vest, the participant is entitled to receive the equivalent number of underlying common shares; the Company issues new shares in satisfying its obligations under the plan.  

11. Share capital (continued):

A summary of the status of the plan as of March 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Time based share units			Performance based share units
Outstanding, December 31, 2019		2,147,500			950,000
Issued		—			—
Exercised		(50,000	)		—
Forfeited		(47,500	)		—
Expired		—			—
Outstanding, March 31, 2020		2,050,000			950,000
Vested		—			—
Expected to vest		2,050,000			—

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $570,254 (2019 – $564,251)in compensation expense in relation to share units.

(d) Stock-option plan:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there was no activity in the Company’s stock-option plan.  

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $82,294 (2019 - $nil) in compensation expense in relation to options.

(e) Normal Course Issuer Bid:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 77,000 (2019 – 488,600) of its shares under its Normal Course Issuer Bid for a total cost, including transaction fees, of $128,365 (CAD$178,486) (2019 - $1,496,588 (CAD$1,988,859)). As at March 31, 2020, 74,300 of these shares had been cancelled with the remaining 2,700 shares cancelled on April 3, 2020.

(f) Loss pershare:

The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Net loss			Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		Per share amount			Net loss			Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		Per share amount
Net loss attributable to shareholders:
Loss per common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(2,078,494	)		71,608,769	$	(0.029	)	$	(76,968	)		71,823,368	$	(0.001	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, 1,004,687 options (2019– 1,344,687) and 2,676,896 share units (2019 – 2,119,250) were excluded from the diluted weighted average number of common shares calculation.

The average market value of the Company’s shares for purposes of calculating the dilutive effect of share options was based on quoted market prices for the period during which the options were outstanding.  The treasury method is used to determine the calculation of dilutive shares.

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Recent accounting pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

New Accounting Pronouncements And Changes In Accounting Principles Abstract

Recent accounting pronouncements

3. Recent accounting pronouncements:

(a) Initial adoption of new accounting standards:

(i) In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326)”, which requires companies to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost by applying an “expected credit loss” model based upon past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability. Previously, companies applied an “incurred loss” methodology for recognizing credit losses. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company.

3. Recent accounting pronouncements (continued):

(ii) In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Under current guidance, Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test requires entities to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The carrying value in excess of the implied fair value is recognized as goodwill impairment. Under the new standard, goodwill impairment is recognized based on Step 1 of the current guidance, which calculates the carrying value in excess of the reporting unit’s fair value. The new standard is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company.

(b) Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

(i) Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing several exceptions in the current standard and adding guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, such as requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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Right of use assets and related obligations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Right of use assets and related obligations

7. Right of use assets and related obligations:

The Company has applied the exemption to treat short-term leases as executory contracts as well as applied the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components and instead to account for each separate lease component and the non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component.  During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company incurred total operating lease expenses of $90,572 (2019 - $96,611).  For the three months ended March 31, 2020, this included lease expenses associated with fixed lease payments of $69,129 and variable lease payments of $21,443 (2019 - $51,240 and $45,371, respectively).

Lease expense is allocated to operating segments based on the location of the leases, as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Anesthesia services expense	$	28,180	$	34,119
Product sales expense		31,196		27,758
Corporate expense		31,196		34,734
	$	90,572	$	96,611

The weighted average lease term of the Company’s three premises leases is 1.47 years.  The weighted average discount rate used by the Company in calculating the obligation relating to right of use assets is based on the Company’s JP Morgan Facility, which is disclosed in note 10.

The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s undiscounted lease obligations for each of the next five years, reconciled to the obligation as recorded on the balance sheet.

	Undiscounted lease payments
Remainder of 2020	$	58,487
2021		55,498
	$	113,985
Accretion related to outstanding lease obligations		(3,735	)
Total	$	110,250
Current obligation relating to right of use assets	$	73,663
Long-term obligation relating to right of use assets	$	36,587
Total	$	110,250

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related party transactions

15. Related party transactions:

Balances and transactions between the Company and its wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.  Details of the transactions between the Company and other related parties are disclosed below:

(a) Related party transactions:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company made product sales totaling $7,190(2019 - $7,000) to one company owned or controlled by one of the Company’s Directors.  The transaction terms with related parties may not be on the same price as those that would result from transactions among non-related parties.  The amount owed by this related party as of March 31, 2020 was $nil (2019 - $nil).

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Asset acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Summary of Asset Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed five asset acquisitions. These asset acquisitions have been included in the anesthesia segment of the Company and represents the following:

Acquired Operation	Date Acquired	Consideration
Anesthesia Care Associates LLC ("ACA")	January 2019	$	5,355,028
South Metro Anesthesia Associates LLC ("SMAA")	May 2019	$	1,791,431
Crystal River Anesthesia Associates LLC ("CRAA")	July 2019	$	2,174,003
Triad Sedation Associates LLC ("TSA")	November 2019	$	3,828,661
Florida Panhandle Anesthesia Associates LLC ("FPAA")	December 2019	$	2,762,302

Summary of Fair Value of Consideration Transferred and Allocated Costs of Assets and Liabilities Acquired at Acquisition Date

The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration transferred and the allocated costs of the assets and liabilities acquired at the acquisition date.

	ACA			SMAA			CRAA			TSA			FPAA			Total
Cash	$	5,239,003		$	1,752,465		$	2,130,000		$	3,185,843		$	2,725,000		$	15,032,311
Acquisition costs		116,025			38,966			44,003			15,173			37,302			251,469
Deferred consideration		—			—			—			627,645			—			627,645
Pre-transaction equity interest		—			—			—			1,595,275			—			1,595,275
Purchase consideration	$	5,355,028		$	1,791,431		$	2,174,003		$	5,423,936		$	2,762,302		$	17,506,700
Non-controlling interest	$	—		$	1,465,716		$	2,088,748		$	5,211,233		$	2,653,976		$	11,419,673
	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	10,635,169		$	5,416,278		$	28,926,373
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	8,891,711		$	5,416,278		$	27,182,915
Cash		—			—			—			115,397			—			115,397
Accounts receivable		—			—			—			1,950,219			—			1,950,219
Prepaid expenses and deposits		—			—			—			1,518			—			1,518
Trade payables and other accruals		—			—			—			(323,676	)		—			(323,676	)
Pre-close accounts receivable		50,000			—			—			—			—			50,000
Pre-close accounts payable		(50,000	)		—			—			—			—			(50,000	)
Fair value of net identifiable assets and    liabilities acquired	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	10,635,169		$	5,416,278		$	28,926,373
Exclusive professional services agreements    – amortization term	6 years			5 years			5 years			5 years			5 years
CRH ownership interest		100	%		55	%		51	%		51	%		51	%

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 13,327,512	$ 6,568,716
Trade and other receivables, net	16,872,743	20,041,288
Income tax receivable	2,709,642	1,332,129
Prepaid expenses and deposits	994,326	729,483
Inventories, finished goods	322,818	349,324
Total current assets	34,227,041	29,020,940
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	224,350	251,933
Right of use asset	146,829	214,854
Intangible assets, net	153,728,539	163,108,193
Deferred asset acquisition costs	218,501	59,249
Deferred tax assets	10,794,462	10,440,100
Total non-current assets	165,112,681	174,074,329
Total assets	199,339,722	203,095,269
Current liabilities:
Trade and other payables	4,802,523	6,196,741
Employee benefits	1,143,981	992,845
Income tax payable		28,589
Current portion of right of use asset liability	73,663	125,555
Deferred consideration	1,402,269	1,868,052
Earn-out obligation	872,068	1,063,060
Member loan	68,600	68,600
Total current liabilities	8,363,104	10,343,442
Non-current liabilities:
Right of use asset liability	36,587	54,300
Notes payable and bank indebtedness	70,436,634	68,380,345
Deferred tax liabilities	101,822	101,822
Total non-current liabilities	70,575,043	68,536,467
Equity
Common stock, no par value; 71,579,284 and 71,603,584 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	56,135,489	56,056,113
Additional paid-in capital	7,707,548	7,168,156
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(66,772)	(66,772)
Retained earnings	11,008,401	13,154,981
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company	74,784,666	76,312,478
Non-controlling interest	45,616,909	47,902,882
Total equity	120,401,575	124,215,360
Total liabilities and equity	$ 199,339,722	$ 203,095,269

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Parenthetical) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Common Stock [Member]
Shares repurchased in connection with normal course issuer bid and held as treasury shares	2,700	27,000

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Subsequent event - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 17, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
PPP loan terms		Principal and interest payments on any unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan will be deferred for six months and will accrue interest at a fixed annual rate of 1%. Additionally, the remaining PPP Loan balance will carry a two year maturity date. There is no prepayment penalty on the PPP Loan.
Subsequent Event [Member] | COVID-19 [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Amount of loan proceeds under Paycheck Protection Program	$ 2,945,620
Annual interest rate paycheck protection program loans	1.00%
Maturity of paycheck protection program loans	2 years
Prepayment penalty of paycheck protection program loans	$ 0

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Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Accretion expense related to earn-out obligation		$ 33,658
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Payments on partial amount of earn-out obligation			$ 4,795,822
Remaining obligation payable			$ 872,068
Expects to pay the remaining obligation period			1 year
Increase (decrease) in fair value of earn-out obligation	$ 190,992

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Segmented Information - Summary of Revenues Relating to Geographic Segments (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 25,454,792	$ 29,119,090
Canada and Other [Member]
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total revenue	64,672	50,060
United States [Member]
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 25,390,120	$ 29,069,030

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Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - Service	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]
Number of professional services agreements identified with impairment indicators	6	6
Number of professional services agreements identified for impairment upon undiscounted cash flow models	2	2
Renewal term of professional services agreements	3 years 29 days
Weighted average amortization period	4 years 10 months 28 days

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Right of use assets and related obligations - Lease expense (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Lease, Cost	$ 90,572	$ 96,611
Anesthesia Services [Member]
Lease, Cost	28,180	34,119
Product Sales [Member]
Lease, Cost	31,196	27,758
Corporate Segment [Member]
Lease, Cost	$ 31,196	$ 34,734

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Segmented information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segmented information

16. Segmented information:

The Company operates in two industry segments: the sale of medical products and the provision of anesthesia services. The revenues relating to geographic segments based on customer location, in United States dollars, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Revenue:
Canada and other	$	64,672	$	50,060
United States		25,390,120		29,069,030
Total	$	25,454,792	$	29,119,090

The Company’s revenues are disaggregated below into categories which differ in terms of the economic factors which impact the amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Revenue:
Commercial Insurers	$	18,608,510	$	22,202,878
Federal Insurers		4,472,812		4,353,403
Physicians		2,304,395		2,426,124
Other		69,075		136,685
Total	$	25,454,792	$	29,119,090

The Company’s property and equipment, intangibles, other assets and total assets are located in the following geographic regions as at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	2020		2019
Property and equipment:
Canada	$	186,928	$	210,386
United States	$	37,422		41,547
Total	$	224,350	$	251,933
Intangible assets:
Canada	$	30,101	$	30,478
United States	$	153,698,438		163,077,715
Total	$	153,728,539	$	163,108,193
Total assets:
Canada	$	7,683,885	$	3,231,845
United States	$	191,655,837		199,863,424
Total	$	199,339,722	$	203,095,269

The financial measures reviewed by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker are presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.The Company does not allocate expenses related to corporate activities. These expenses are presented within “Other” to allow for reconciliation to reported measures.

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Anesthesia services			Product sales		Other			Total
Revenue	$	23,150,397		$	2,304,395	$	—		$	25,454,792
Operating costs		24,629,366			1,191,484		2,230,804			28,051,654
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,478,969	)	$	1,112,911	$	(2,230,804	)	$	(2,596,862	)

16. Segmented information (continued):

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Anesthesia services		Product sales		Other			Total
Revenue	$	26,692,966	$	2,426,124	$	—		$	29,119,090
Operating costs		22,559,355		1,134,477		1,600,409			25,294,241
Operating income (loss)	$	4,133,611	$	1,291,647	$	(1,600,409	)	$	3,824,849

Additionally, the Company incurs the following in each of its operating segments:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Anesthesia services			Product sales		Other		Total
Finance (income) expense	$	(180,847	)	$	—	$	677,687	$	496,840
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	9,383,403		$	5,295	$	20,176	$	9,408,874

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Anesthesia services		Product sales		Other		Total
Finance expense	$	1,453,768	$	—	$	938,211	$	2,391,979
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	8,643,707	$	9,172	$	15,105	$	8,667,984

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Trade and other receivables (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of Trade Receivables and Other Receivable

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Trade receivables, gross	$	16,851,074		$	20,024,916
Other receivables		53,238			50,756
Less:  allowance for doubtful accounts		(31,569	)		(34,384	)
	$	16,872,743		$	20,041,288
Anesthesia segment – trade receivables, gross		16,142,557			19,081,177
Product segment – trade receivables, gross		708,517			943,739
	$	16,851,074		$	20,024,916

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, no par value	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, shares issued	71,579,284	71,603,584
Common stock, shares outstanding	71,579,284	71,603,584

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (2,134,957)	$ 1,390,790
Adjustments for:
Depreciation of property, equipment and intangibles	9,408,874	8,667,984
Stock-based compensation	652,548	564,251
Unrealized foreign exchange	(2,399)	(2,111)
Deferred income tax recovery	(579,347)	(1,192,100)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(190,992)	1,400,500
Accretion on contingent consideration and deferred consideration	10,145	53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees	90,603	65,091
(Gain) loss from equity investment	15,666	(125,179)
Change in current tax receivable	(1,181,116)	1,003,285
Change in trade and other receivables	3,168,544	529,902
Change in prepaid expenses	(264,843)	114,134
Change in inventories	26,506	(227,730)
Change in trade and other payables	(1,385,549)	94,305
Change in employee benefits	151,134	39,326
Net cash provided by operating activities	7,784,817	12,375,716
Financing activities
Repayment of member loans		(49,000)
Equity investment loan		(30,000)
Proceeds from short-term advances		72,534
Payment of deferred consideration	(465,645)
Repayment of notes payable and bank indebtedness	(3,000,000)	(5,925,000)
Proceeds from bank indebtedness	5,000,000
Payment of deferred financing fees	(34,314)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(2,229,510)	(4,034,800)
Repurchase of shares for cancellation	(127,816)	(1,493,319)
Net cash used in financing activities	(857,285)	(11,459,585)
Investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment	(1,636)	(30,418)
Deferred asset acquisition costs	(159,252)	(24,193)
Acquisition of anesthesia services providers		(5,239,003)
Net cash used in investing activities	(160,888)	(5,293,614)
Effects of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents	(7,848)	787
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	6,758,796	(4,376,696)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	6,568,716	9,946,945
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	13,327,512	5,570,249
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash interest paid	(606,663)	(884,080)
Taxes paid	(786,053)	(355,839)
Operating lease payments	$ (69,395)	(92,221)
Non-cash acquisition costs		$ (116,025)

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Financial Instruments - Summary of Reconciliation of Level 3 Fair Values (Detail) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance as at January 1, 2020	$ 1,063,060
Fair value adjustment	(190,992)
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$ 872,068

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Segmented Information - Summary of Revenue from Contract with Customer (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 25,454,792	$ 29,119,090
Commercial Insurers [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	18,608,510	22,202,878
Federal Insurers [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	4,472,812	4,353,403
Physicians [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,304,395	2,426,124
Other [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 69,075	$ 136,685

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Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 275,645,988
Ending balance	275,645,988
Beginning balance	112,537,795
Amortization expense	9,379,654
Ending balance	121,917,449
Net balance	153,728,539	$ 163,108,193
Professional Services Agreements [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Beginning balance	275,113,390
Ending balance	275,113,390
Beginning balance	112,035,676
Amortization expense	9,379,278
Ending balance	121,414,954
Net balance	153,698,436	163,077,714
Patents [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Beginning balance	532,598
Ending balance	532,598
Beginning balance	502,119
Amortization expense	376
Ending balance	502,495
Net balance	$ 30,103	$ 30,479

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Right of use assets and related obligations - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Lease cost	$ 90,572	$ 96,611
Fixed lease payments	69,129	51,240
Variable lease cost	$ 21,443	$ 45,371
Weighted average lease term	1 year 5 months 19 days

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Notes Payable - Summary of Detailed Information about Financial Covenants Ratios (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2020
Minimum
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Total leverage ratio	3.00
Maximum
Notes Payable [Line Items]
Interest coverage ratio	3.00

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Share Capital - Summary of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share Basic [Abstract]
Net loss, Basic and diluted	$ (2,078,494)	$ (76,968)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, Basic and Diluted	71,608,769	71,823,368
Loss per common share, Basic and Diluted	$ (0.029)	$ (0.001)

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Segmented information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Revenues Relating to Geographic Segments

The revenues relating to geographic segments based on customer location, in United States dollars, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Revenue:
Canada and other	$	64,672	$	50,060
United States		25,390,120		29,069,030
Total	$	25,454,792	$	29,119,090

Summary of Revenue from Contract with Customer

The Company’s revenues are disaggregated below into categories which differ in terms of the economic factors which impact the amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Revenue:
Commercial Insurers	$	18,608,510	$	22,202,878
Federal Insurers		4,472,812		4,353,403
Physicians		2,304,395		2,426,124
Other		69,075		136,685
Total	$	25,454,792	$	29,119,090

Summary of Property and Equipment, Intangibles and Other Assets Located in Geographic Regions

The Company’s property and equipment, intangibles, other assets and total assets are located in the following geographic regions as at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	2020		2019
Property and equipment:
Canada	$	186,928	$	210,386
United States	$	37,422		41,547
Total	$	224,350	$	251,933
Intangible assets:
Canada	$	30,101	$	30,478
United States	$	153,698,438		163,077,715
Total	$	153,728,539	$	163,108,193
Total assets:
Canada	$	7,683,885	$	3,231,845
United States	$	191,655,837		199,863,424
Total	$	199,339,722	$	203,095,269

Summary of Operating Segments

The financial measures reviewed by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker are presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.The Company does not allocate expenses related to corporate activities. These expenses are presented within “Other” to allow for reconciliation to reported measures.

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Anesthesia services			Product sales		Other			Total
Revenue	$	23,150,397		$	2,304,395	$	—		$	25,454,792
Operating costs		24,629,366			1,191,484		2,230,804			28,051,654
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,478,969	)	$	1,112,911	$	(2,230,804	)	$	(2,596,862	)

16. Segmented information (continued):

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Anesthesia services		Product sales		Other			Total
Revenue	$	26,692,966	$	2,426,124	$	—		$	29,119,090
Operating costs		22,559,355		1,134,477		1,600,409			25,294,241
Operating income (loss)	$	4,133,611	$	1,291,647	$	(1,600,409	)	$	3,824,849

Additionally, the Company incurs the following in each of its operating segments:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Anesthesia services			Product sales		Other		Total
Finance (income) expense	$	(180,847	)	$	—	$	677,687	$	496,840
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	9,383,403		$	5,295	$	20,176	$	9,408,874

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Anesthesia services		Product sales		Other		Total
Finance expense	$	1,453,768	$	—	$	938,211	$	2,391,979
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	8,643,707	$	9,172	$	15,105	$	8,667,984

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Notes payable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Notes Payable

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current portion	$	—	$	—
Non-current portion		70,436,634		68,380,345
Total loans and borrowings	$	70,436,634	$	68,380,345

Summary of Detailed Information about Financial Covenants Ratios

As at March 31, 2020, the Company is required to maintain the following financial covenants in respect of this Facility:

Financial Covenant	Required Ratio
Total leverage ratio	Not greater than 3.00:1.00
Interest coverage ratio	Not less than 3.00:1.00

Summary of Consolidated Minimum Loans Payments

The consolidated minimum loan payments (principal) for all loan agreements in the future are as follows:

	Minimum Principal
At March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	—
2022		71,341,370
	$	71,341,370

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Asset acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Asset acquisitions

4. Asset acquisitions:

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company did not complete any asset acquisitions.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed five asset acquisitions. These asset acquisitions have been included in the anesthesia segment of the Company and represents the following:

Acquired Operation	Date Acquired	Consideration
Anesthesia Care Associates LLC ("ACA")	January 2019	$	5,355,028
South Metro Anesthesia Associates LLC ("SMAA")	May 2019	$	1,791,431
Crystal River Anesthesia Associates LLC ("CRAA")	July 2019	$	2,174,003
Triad Sedation Associates LLC ("TSA")	November 2019	$	3,828,661
Florida Panhandle Anesthesia Associates LLC ("FPAA")	December 2019	$	2,762,302

The results of operations of the acquired entities have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition as the Company has control over these entities.

4. Asset acquisitions (continued):

The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration transferred and the allocated costs of the assets and liabilities acquired at the acquisition date.

	ACA			SMAA			CRAA			TSA			FPAA			Total
Cash	$	5,239,003		$	1,752,465		$	2,130,000		$	3,185,843		$	2,725,000		$	15,032,311
Acquisition costs		116,025			38,966			44,003			15,173			37,302			251,469
Deferred consideration		—			—			—			627,645			—			627,645
Pre-transaction equity interest		—			—			—			1,595,275			—			1,595,275
Purchase consideration	$	5,355,028		$	1,791,431		$	2,174,003		$	5,423,936		$	2,762,302		$	17,506,700
Non-controlling interest	$	—		$	1,465,716		$	2,088,748		$	5,211,233		$	2,653,976		$	11,419,673
	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	10,635,169		$	5,416,278		$	28,926,373
Assets and liabilities acquired:
Exclusive professional services agreements	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	8,891,711		$	5,416,278		$	27,182,915
Cash		—			—			—			115,397			—			115,397
Accounts receivable		—			—			—			1,950,219			—			1,950,219
Prepaid expenses and deposits		—			—			—			1,518			—			1,518
Trade payables and other accruals		—			—			—			(323,676	)		—			(323,676	)
Pre-close accounts receivable		50,000			—			—			—			—			50,000
Pre-close accounts payable		(50,000	)		—			—			—			—			(50,000	)
Fair value of net identifiable assets and    liabilities acquired	$	5,355,028		$	3,257,147		$	4,262,751		$	10,635,169		$	5,416,278		$	28,926,373
Exclusive professional services agreements    – amortization term	6 years			5 years			5 years			5 years			5 years
CRH ownership interest		100	%		55	%		51	%		51	%		51	%

The value of the acquired intangible assets, being exclusive professional services agreements, relate to the acquisition of exclusive professional services agreements to provide professional anesthesia services. The amortization term for the agreements is based upon contractual terms within the acquisition agreement and professional services agreement.

The non-controlling interest was determined with reference to the non-controlling interest shareholder’s share of the fair value of the net identifiable assets as estimated by the Company.  

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Intangible assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets

8. Intangible assets:

Intangible assets, consisting of acquired exclusive professional service agreements to provide anesthesia services and the cost of acquiring patents, are recorded at historical cost.  For patents, costs also include legal costs involved in expanding the countries in which the patents are recognized to the extent expected cash flows from those countries exceed these costs over the amortization period and costs related to new patents. The amortization term for professional services agreements are based on the contractual terms of the agreements. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives and are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.  Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the following periods:

Asset	Basis	Rate
Intellectual property rights to the CRH O’Regan System	Straight-line	15 years
Intellectual property new technology	Straight-line	20 years
Exclusive professional services agreements	Straight-line	4.5 to 15 years

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Cost
Balance as at December 31, 2019	$	275,113,390	$	532,598	$	275,645,988
Additions through asset acquisitions (note 4)		—		—		—
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	275,113,390	$	532,598	$	275,645,988

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Accumulated depreciation
Balance as at December 31, 2019	$	112,035,676	$	502,119	$	112,537,795
Amortization expense		9,379,278		376		9,379,654
Balance as at March 31, 2020	$	121,414,954	$	502,495	$	121,917,449

	Professional Services Agreements		Patents		Total
Net book value
March 31, 2020	$	153,698,436	$	30,103	$	153,728,539
December 31, 2019	$	163,077,714	$	30,479	$	163,108,193

The Company identified indicators of impairment in respect of six professional services agreements as at March 31, 2020. Upon performing undiscounted cash flow models for these assets, the Companyidentified only two assets that required further review for impairment.  Consistent with the analysis performed at December 31, 2019, the Company performed discounted cash flow modelling for these assets and compared the resultant discounted cash flows expected over the lives of the assets to the carrying amounts as at March 31, 2020.  The income approach was used for the quantitative assessment to estimate the fair value of the assets, which requires estimating future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates in the Company's discounted cash flow model. The overall market outlook and cash flow projections of the reporting unit involves the use of key assumptions, including anesthesia growth rates, revenue rates per case, discount rates and operating cost growth rates. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (see note 14), has been incorporated into the Company’s key assumptions and underlying cash flow estimates; however, due to uncertainties in the estimates that are inherent to the Company's industry and uncertainties around the duration and longevity of the pandemic, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made. Many key assumptions in the cash flow projections are interdependent on each other. A change in any one or combination of these assumptions could impact the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. As a result of this test, no write-downs to the intangible assets were required.

As at December 31, 2019, the Company identified indicators of impairment in respect of six of its professional services agreements.  Upon performing undiscounted cash flow models for these assets, the Company identified only two assets that required further review for impairment.  The Company performed discounted cash flow modelling for these assets and compared the resultant discounted cash flows expected over the life of the assets to the carrying amounts as at December 31, 2019.  

8. Intangible assets (continued):

As a result of this test, no write-downs to the intangible assets were required.

Various of the Company’s professional services agreements are subject to renewal terms.  The weighted average period before the Company’s professional services agreements are up for renewal is 3.08 years.  The weighted average remaining amortization period for the Company’s professional services agreements is 4.91 years.

Based on the Company’s professional services agreements in place at March 31, 2020, the Company anticipates that the amortization expense to be incurred by the Company over the next five years is as follows:

	Amortization Expense
For professional services agreements as at March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	28,058,866
2021		32,132,359
2022		25,411,095
2023		21,264,711
2024		19,340,794
The first three months of 2025		3,274,220
	$	129,482,045

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Net finance expense

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Text Block [Abstract]

Net finance expense

12. Net finance expense

Recognized in earnings in the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Finance income:
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value through earnings (note 13)	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Total finance income	$	(190,992	)	$	—
Finance expense:
Interest and accretion expense on borrowings	$	587,084		$	873,120
Accretion expense on earn-out obligation and deferred    consideration		10,145			53,268
Amortization of deferred financing fees		90,603			65,091
Net change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value    through earnings (note 13)		—			1,400,500
Total finance expense	$	687,832		$	2,391,979
Net finance expense	$	496,840		$	2,391,979