Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2018
Fair value measurements in:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market account	$	117,392	$	—	$	—	$	117,392
Total	$	117,392	$	—	$	—	$	117,392
Liabilities:
Subsidiary unit awards	$	—	$	—	$	385	$	385
Total	$	—	$	—	$	385	$	385



	Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2017
Fair value measurements in:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market account	$	65,620	$	—	$	—	$	65,620
Total	$	65,620	$	—	$	—	$	65,620
Liabilities:
Subsidiary unit awards	$	—	$	—	$	3,160	$	3,160
Total	$	—	$	—	$	3,160	$	3,160

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Level 3 liabilities for subsidiary unit awards with significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Year Ended December 31, 2018			Year Ended December 31, 2017
Beginning of period balance	$	3,160		$	2,768
Total losses included in earnings	27			392
Settlements	(2,802		)	—
End of period balance	$	385		$	3,160

The money market account is included in our cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated balance sheets. Our money market assets are valued using quoted prices in active markets.

The liability for the subsidiary unit awards relates to agreements established with employees of our subsidiaries for cash awards contingent upon the subsidiary companies meeting certain financial milestones such as revenue, working capital, EBITDA and EBITDA margin. We account for these subsidiary awards using fair value and establish liabilities for the future payment for the repurchase of subsidiary units under the terms of the agreements based on estimating revenue, working capital, EBITDA and EBITDA margin of the subsidiary units over the periods of the awards through the anticipated repurchase dates. We estimated the fair value of each liability by using a Monte Carlo simulation model for determining each of the projected measures by using an expected distribution of potential outcomes. The fair value of each liability is calculated with thousands of projected outcomes, the results of which are averaged and then discounted to estimate the present value. At each reporting date until the respective payment dates, we will remeasure these liabilities, using the same valuation approach based on the applicable subsidiary's revenue and future collection of financed customer receivables, the unobservable inputs, and we will record any changes in the employee's compensation expense. Some of the awards are subject to the employees' continued employment and therefore recorded on a straight-line basis over the remaining service period. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we settled $2.8 million of the liability related to the subsidiary unit awards. The remaining liability balances are included in either accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities or other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets (see Note 11).

We monitor the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. We also monitor the value of the investments for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. No other-than-temporary impairments occurred during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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