Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" in the Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Cognition Therapeutics, Inc. for the registration of 6,030,532 shares of its common stock and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated March 23, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Cognition Therapeutics, Inc. included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

December 29, 2023