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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ours and our subsidiaries, all of which are 100% owned directly by us. All intercompany transactions and balances with or among our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated.

For each investment we make, we evaluate whether consolidation of the borrower's financial statements is required under GAAP. GAAP addresses the application of consolidation principles to an investor with a controlling financial interest.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. We consider highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash primarily consists of deposit proceeds from potential borrowers when originating loans, which may be returned to the applicable borrower upon the closing of the loan, after deducting any transaction costs paid by us for the benefit of such borrower.
Secured Financing Agreements. Loans financed through secured financing agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions, unless they meet sales treatment under GAAP. Pursuant to GAAP treatment of collateralized financing transactions, loans financed through secured financing agreements remain on our consolidated balance sheet as assets and cash received from the purchasers is recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as liabilities. Interest paid in accordance with secured financing agreements is recorded as interest expense.
Loans Held for Investment. Generally, our loans are classified as held for investment based upon our intent and ability to hold them until maturity. Loans that are held for investment are carried at cost, net of unamortized loan origination fees, accreted fees, unamortized premiums and unaccreted discounts, as applicable, that are required to be recognized in the carrying value of the loans in accordance with GAAP, unless the loans are deemed to be impaired. Loans that we have a plan to sell or liquidate are held at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell.
We evaluate each of our loans for impairment at least quarterly by assessing a variety of risk factors in relation to each loan and assigning a risk rating to each loan based on those factors. Factors considered in these evaluations include, but are not limited to, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, leasing and tenant profile, projected cash flow, risk of loss, current loan to value ratio, or LTV, debt yield, collateral performance, structure, exit plan and sponsorship. Loans are rated “1” (lower risk) through “5” (impaired/loss likely) as defined below:
"1" lower risk—Criteria reflects a sponsor having a strong financial condition and low credit risk and our evaluation of management's experience; collateral performance exceeding performance metrics included in the business plan or credit
underwriting; and the property demonstrating stabilized occupancy and/or market rates, resulting in strong current cash flow and net operating income and/or having a very low LTV.
"2" average risk—Criteria reflects a sponsor having a stable financial condition and our evaluation of management's experience; collateral performance meeting or exceeding substantially all performance metrics included in the business plan or credit underwriting; and the property demonstrating improved occupancy at market rents, resulting in sufficient current cash flow and/or having a low LTV.
"3" acceptable risk—Criteria reflects a sponsor having a history of repaying loans at maturity and meeting its credit obligations and our evaluation of management's experience; collateral performance expected to meet performance metrics included in the business plan or credit underwriting; and the property having a moderate LTV. New loans and loans with a limited history will typically be assigned this rating and will be adjusted to other levels from time to time as appropriate.
"4" higher risk—Criteria reflects a sponsor having a history of unresolved missed or late payments, maturity extensions and difficulty timely fulfilling its credit obligations and our evaluation of management's experience; collateral performance failing to meet the business plan or credit underwriting; the existence of a risk of default possibly leading to a loss and/or potential weaknesses that deserve management’s attention; and/or the property having a high LTV.
"5" impaired/loss likely—Criteria reflects a very high risk of realizing a principal loss or having incurred a principal loss; a sponsor having a history of default payments, trouble fulfilling its credit obligations, deeds in lieu of foreclosures, and/or bankruptcies; collateral performance is significantly worse than performance metrics included in the business plan; loan covenants or performance milestones having been breached or not attained; timely exit via sale or refinancing being uncertain; and/or the property having a very high LTV.
See Note 6 for further information regarding our current loan portfolio’s assessment under our internal risk rating policy.
Impairment occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due under a loan according to its contractual terms. Impairment will then be measured based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's contractual effective rate and the fair value of any available collateral, net of any costs we expect to incur to realize that value. The determination of this estimated fair value involves judgments and assumptions based on objective and subjective factors. Consideration will be given to various factors, such as business plans, property occupancies, tenant profiles, rental rates, operating expenses and borrowers’ repayment plans, among others, and will require significant judgments regarding certain circumstances, such as guarantees, if any. Upon measurement of an impairment, we will record an allowance to reduce the carrying value of the loan accordingly, and record a corresponding charge to net income in our consolidated statement of operations.

As of December 31, 2021, we have not recorded any allowance for losses as we believe it is probable that we will collect all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of our loan agreements with borrowers.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. FASB ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP and expands the required disclosure regarding fair value measurements. ASC Topic 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received for a financial instrument in a current sale, which assumes an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We determine the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the three-tier fair value hierarchy established by GAAP, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. GAAP establishes market based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
Level I—Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access.
Level II—Inputs include quoted prices in markets that are less active or inactive or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level III—Inputs include unobservable prices and are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the overall fair value measurement.
Loan Deferred Fees. Loan origination and exit fees are reflected in loans held for investment, net, in our consolidated balance sheet and include fees charged to borrowers. These fees are amortized and accreted, respectively, into interest income over the life of the related loans held for investment.
Deferred Financing Costs. Costs incurred in connection with financings are capitalized and recorded as an offset to the related liability and amortized over the respective financing terms and are recorded in our consolidated statement of operations as a component of interest and related expenses.
Net Income Per Common Share. We calculate net income per common share - basic by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. We calculate net income per common share - diluted using the more dilutive of the two class or treasury stock method. Unvested share awards and other potentially dilutive common share issuances, and the related impact on earnings, are considered when calculating net income per common share -diluted.
Revenue Recognition. Interest income related to our first mortgage loans secured by CRE will generally be accrued based on the coupon rates applied to the outstanding principal balance of such loans. Fees, premiums and discounts, if any, will be amortized or accreted into interest income over the remaining lives of the loans using the effective interest method, as adjusted for any prepayments.
If a loan's interest or principal payments are not paid when due and there is uncertainty that such payments will be collected, the loan may be categorized as non-accrual and no interest will be recorded unless it is collected. When all overdue payments are collected and, in our judgment, a loan is likely to remain current, it may be re-categorized as accrual.

For loans purchased at a discount, GAAP limits the yield that may be accreted (accretable yield) to the excess of the investor’s estimate of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows (cash flows expected at acquisition to be collected) over the investor’s initial investment in the loan. GAAP also requires that the excess of contractual cash flows over cash flows expected to be collected (non-accretable difference) not be recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss accrual or valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected from such loans generally will be recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected will be recorded as an impairment.

Securities Transactions and Investment Income. Under the Predecessor Basis, we recorded securities transactions on a trade date basis, dividend income on the ex-dividend date and any non-cash dividends at the fair market value of the securities received. We used the accrual method for recording interest income, including accretion of original issue discount, where applicable, and accretion of discount on short term investments and identified cost basis for realized gains and losses from securities transactions. The difference between cost and fair value for investments we continue to hold is reflected as unrealized gain (loss), and any change in that amount from a prior period is reflected in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations under the Predecessor Basis.