EX-3.1 4 dex31.htm FORM OF ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT OF IPTA INC. Form of Articles of Amendment and Restatement of IPTA Inc.

EXHIBIT 3.1

INCOME PROPERTY TRUST OF THE AMERICAS INC.

FORM OF ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

FIRST: Income Property Trust of the Americas Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.

SECOND: The following provisions are all the provisions of the charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:

ARTICLE I

INCORPORATOR

The undersigned, Troy J. Bloom, whose address is 17th Floor, 518 Seventeenth Street, Denver, Colorado 80202, being at least 18 years of age, does hereby form a corporation under the general laws of the State of Maryland.

ARTICLE II

NAME

The name of the corporation (which is hereinafter called the “Corporation”) is:

Income Property Trust of the Americas Inc.

ARTICLE III

PURPOSES AND POWERS

The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”)) for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.

ARTICLE IV

PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN STATE AND RESIDENT AGENT

The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o CSC – Lawyers Incorporating Service Company, 7 Saint Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The name and address of the resident agent of the Corporation are CSC – Lawyers Incorporating Service Company, 7 Saint Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The resident agent is a Maryland corporation.


ARTICLE V

DEFINITIONS

As used in the Charter, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires:

Acquisition Expenses. The term “Acquisition Expenses” shall mean any and all expenses, exclusive of Acquisition Fees, incurred by the Corporation, the Operating Partnership, the Advisor, or any of their Affiliates in connection with the selection, acquisition, development or origination of any Asset, whether or not acquired, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance, and the costs of performing due diligence.

Acquisition Fee. The term “Acquisition Fee” shall mean any and all fees and commissions, exclusive of Acquisition Expenses, paid by any Person to any other Person (including any fees or commissions paid by or to any Affiliate of the Corporation, the Operating Partnership or the Advisor) in connection with (i) the acquisition, development or construction of a Property, (ii) the acquisition of interests in a real estate entity or (iii) making or investing in Mortgages or the origination or acquisition of other debt or other investments, including real estate commissions, selection fees, Development Fees, Construction Fees, nonrecurring management fees, loan fees, points or any other fees of a similar nature. Excluded shall be Development Fees and Construction Fees paid to any Person not affiliated with the Sponsor in connection with the actual development and construction of a project.

Advisor or Advisors. The term “Advisor” or “Advisors” shall mean the Person or Persons, if any, appointed, employed or contracted with by the Corporation pursuant to Section 9.1 hereof and responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation, including any Person to whom the Advisor subcontracts all or substantially all of such functions.

Advisory Agreement. The term “Advisory Agreement” shall mean the agreement between the Corporation and the Advisor pursuant to which the Advisor will direct or perform the day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation.

Affiliate or Affiliated. The term “Affiliate” or “Affiliated” shall mean, with respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with the power to vote, ten percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person ten percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.

 

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Asset. The term “Asset” shall mean any Property, Mortgage, other debt or other investment (other than investments in bank accounts, money market funds or other current assets) owned by the Corporation, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates.

Asset Management Fee. The term “Asset Management Fee” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 9.13 herein.

Average Invested Assets. The term “Average Invested Assets” shall mean, for a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the Assets invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in and loans secured by or related to real estate (including, without limitation, equity interests in REITs, mortgage pools, commercial mortgage-backed securities, mezzanine loans and residential mortgage-backed securities), before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.

Board or Board of Directors. The term “Board” or “Board of Directors” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

Business Day. The term “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

Bylaws. The term “Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Corporation, as amended from time to time.

Charter. The term “Charter” shall mean the charter of the Corporation.

Code. The term “Code” shall have the meaning as provided in Article III herein.

Commencement of the Initial Public Offering. The term “Commencement of the Initial Public Offering” shall mean the date that the Securities and Exchange Commission declares effective the registration statement filed under the Securities Act for the Initial Public Offering.

Common Shares. The term “Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 6.1 herein.

Competitive Real Estate Commission. The term “Competitive Real Estate Commission” shall mean a real estate or brokerage commission paid for the purchase or sale of a Property that is reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the Property.

Construction Fee. The term “Construction Fee” shall mean a fee or other remuneration for acting as general contractor and/or construction manager to construct improvements, supervise and coordinate projects or provide major repairs or rehabilitations on a Property.

 

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Contract Purchase Price. The term “Contract Purchase Price” shall mean (i) the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the acquisition of a Property, (ii) the Corporation’s proportionate share of the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the Real Property owned by any real estate entity in which the Corporation acquires a majority economic interest and which the Corporation consolidates for financial reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principals, (iii) the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of an investment in any other real estate entity or (iv) the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the origination or acquisition of Mortgages, other debt investments or other investments; in each case including debt, whether borrowed or assumed and exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses.

Corporation. The term “Corporation” shall have the meaning as provided in Article II herein.

Dealer Manager. The term “Dealer Manager” shall mean Dividend Capital Securities LLC, a Colorado limited liability company and an Affiliate of the Corporation, or such other Person selected by the Board to act as the dealer manager for an Offering.

Development Fee. The term “Development Fee” shall mean a fee for the packaging of a Property, including the negotiation and approval of plans, and any assistance in obtaining zoning and necessary variances and financing for a specific Property, either initially or at a later date.

Director. The term “Director” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 8.1 herein.

Distributions. The term “Distributions” shall mean any distributions of money or other property, pursuant to Section 6.5 hereof, by the Corporation to owners of Shares, including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.

Excess Amount. The term “Excess Amount” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 9.11 herein.

Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.

Expense Year. The term “Expense Year” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 9.11 herein.

Gross Proceeds. The term “Gross Proceeds” shall mean the aggregate purchase price of all Shares sold for the account of the Corporation through an Offering, without deduction for Sales Commissions, volume discounts, any marketing support and due diligence expense reimbursement or Organization and Offering Expenses. For the purpose of computing Gross Proceeds, the purchase price of any Share for which reduced Sales Commissions are paid to the Dealer Manager or a Soliciting Dealer (where net proceeds to the Corporation are not reduced) shall be deemed to be the full amount of the offering price per Share pursuant to the Prospectus for such Offering without reduction.

 

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Indemnitee. The term “Indemnitee” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 13.2(b) herein.

Independent Appraiser. The term “Independent Appraiser” shall mean a Person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Advisor or the Directors and who is engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of Real Property and/or other Assets of the type held by the Corporation. Membership in a nationally recognized appraisal society such as the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers or the Society of Real Estate Appraisers shall be conclusive evidence of being engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of Real Property.

Independent Director. The term “Independent Director” shall mean a Director who is not on the date of determination, and within the last two years from the date of determination has not been, directly or indirectly associated with the Sponsor or the Advisor by virtue of (i) ownership of an interest in the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than the Corporation, (ii) employment by the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, (iii) service as an officer or director of the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than as a Director of the Corporation, (iv) performance of services, other than as a Director, for the Corporation, (v) service as a director or trustee of more than three real estate investment trusts organized by the Sponsor or advised by the Advisor, or (vi) maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates. A business or professional relationship is considered “material” if the aggregate gross revenue derived by the Director from the Sponsor, the Advisor and their Affiliates exceeds five percent of either the Director’s annual gross revenue during either of the last two years or the Director’s net worth on a fair market value basis. An indirect association with the Sponsor or the Advisor shall include circumstances in which a Director’s spouse, parent, child, sibling, mother- or father-in-law, son- or daughter-in-law or brother- or sister-in-law is or has been associated with the Sponsor, the Advisor, any of their Affiliates or the Corporation.

Initial Investment. The term “Initial Investment” shall mean that portion of the initial capitalization of the Corporation contributed by the Sponsor or its Affiliates pursuant to Section II.A. of the NASAA REIT Guidelines.

Initial Public Offering. The term “Initial Public Offering” shall mean the first Offering pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act.

Joint Ventures. The term “Joint Ventures” shall mean those joint venture, co-investment, co-ownership or partnership arrangements in which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries is a co-venturer or general partner established to acquire or hold Assets.

Leverage. The term “Leverage” shall mean the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the Corporation for money borrowed (including purchase money mortgage loans) outstanding at any time, both secured and unsecured.

 

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Listing. The term “Listing” shall mean the listing of the Common Shares on a national securities exchange or the receipt by the Stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange. Upon such Listing, the Common Shares shall be deemed Listed.

MGCL. The term “MGCL” shall mean the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time.

Mortgages. The term “Mortgages” shall mean, in connection with mortgage financing provided, invested in, participated in or purchased by the Corporation, all of the notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations, which are secured or collateralized by Real Property owned by the borrowers under such notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations.

NASAA REIT Guidelines. The term “NASAA REIT Guidelines” shall mean the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association on May 7, 2007.

Net Assets. The term “Net Assets” shall mean the total Assets (other than intangibles) at cost, before deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities, calculated quarterly by the Corporation on a basis consistently applied.

Net Income. The term “Net Income” shall mean for any period, the Corporation’s total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of the Assets.

Net Sales Proceeds. The term “Net Sales Proceeds” shall mean in the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(A) of the definition of Sale, the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership, including all real estate commissions, closing costs and legal fees and expenses. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(B) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership, including any legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred in connection with such transaction. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(C) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction actually distributed to the Corporation or the Operating Partnership from the Joint Venture less the amount of any selling expenses, including legal fees and expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation (other than those paid by the Joint Venture). In the case of a transaction or series of transactions described in clause (i)(D) of the definition of Sale, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction (including the aggregate of all payments under a Mortgage or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership, including all commissions, closing costs and legal fees and expenses. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(E) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses

 

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incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership, including any legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred in connection with such transaction. In the case of a transaction described in clause (ii) of the definition of Sale, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions less all amounts generated thereby which are reinvested in one or more Assets within 180 days thereafter and less the amount of any real estate commissions, closing costs, and legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred by or allocated to the Corporation or the Operating Partnership in connection with such transaction or series of transactions. Net Sales Proceeds shall also include any amounts that the Corporation determines, in its discretion, to be economically equivalent to proceeds of a Sale. Net Sales Proceeds shall not include any reserves established by the Corporation in its sole discretion.

Non-Compliant Tender Offer. The term “Non-Compliant Tender Offer” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 12.7 herein.

NYSE. The term “NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.

Offering. The term “Offering” shall mean any offering and sale of Shares.

OP Units. The term “OP Units” shall mean units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.

Operating Partnership. The term “Operating Partnership” shall mean Income Property Trust of the Americas Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership, through which the Corporation may own Assets.

Organization and Offering Expenses. The term “Organization and Offering Expenses” shall mean any and all costs and expenses, other than the Sales Commission and the Dealer Manager Fee, incurred in connection with the formation of the Corporation and the qualification and registration of an Offering, and the marketing and distribution of Shares, including, without limitation, total underwriting and brokerage discounts and commissions (including fees of the underwriters’ attorneys), expenses for printing and amending registration statements or supplementing prospectuses, mailing and distributing costs, salaries of employees while engaged in sales activity, telephone and other telecommunications costs, all advertising and marketing expenses (including the costs related to investor and broker-dealer sales meetings), charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositories and experts and fees, expenses and taxes related to the filing, registration and qualification of the sale of the Shares under federal and state laws, including accountants’ and attorneys’ fees.

Person. The term “Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act and a group to which an Excepted Holder Limit applies.

 

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Preferred Shares. The term “Preferred Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 6.1 herein.

Property or Properties. The term “Property” or “Properties” shall mean, as the context requires, all or a portion of each Real Property acquired by the Corporation, directly or indirectly through joint venture or co-ownership arrangements or other partnership or investment entities.

Prospectus. The term “Prospectus” shall mean the same as that term is defined in Section 2(10) of the Securities Act, including a preliminary prospectus, an offering circular as described in Rule 256 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act, or, in the case of an intrastate offering, any document by whatever name known, utilized for the purpose of offering and selling Securities to the public.

Real Property. The term “Real Property” shall mean land, rights in land (including leasehold interests), and any buildings, structures, improvements, furnishings, fixtures and equipment located on or used in connection with land and rights or interests in land.

Reinvestment Plan. The term “Reinvestment Plan” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 6.10 herein.

REIT. The term “REIT” shall mean a corporation, trust, association or other legal entity (other than a real estate syndication) that qualifies as a real estate investment trust under the REIT Provisions of the Code.

REIT Provisions of the Code. The term “REIT Provisions of the Code” shall mean Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and any successor or other provisions of the Code relating to real estate investment trusts (including provisions as to the attribution of ownership of beneficial interests therein) and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Roll-Up Entity. The term “Roll-Up Entity” shall mean a partnership, real estate investment trust, corporation, trust or similar entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed Roll-Up Transaction.

Roll-Up Transaction. The term “Roll-Up Transaction” shall mean a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation either directly or indirectly of the Corporation and the issuance of securities of a Roll-Up Entity to the holders of Common Shares. Such term does not include:

(a) a transaction involving securities of the Corporation that have been Listed for at least twelve months; or

(b) a transaction involving the conversion to corporate, trust or association form of only the Corporation, if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:

(i) voting rights of the holders of Common Shares;

 

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(ii) the term of existence of the Corporation;

(iii) Sponsor or Advisor compensation; or

(iv) the Corporation’s investment objectives.

Sale or Sales. The term “Sale” or “Sales” shall mean (i) any transaction or series of transactions whereby: (A) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including the lease of any Property consisting of a building only, and including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards; (B) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of all or substantially all of the interest of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership in any Joint Venture in which it is a co-venturer or partner; (C) any Joint Venture directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) in which the Corporation or the Operating Partnership as a co-venturer or partner sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to insurance claims or condemnation awards; (D) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, conveys or relinquishes its interest in any Mortgage or portion thereof (including with respect to any Mortgage, all payments thereunder or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) of amounts owed pursuant to such Mortgage and any event which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or similar awards; or (E) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any other Asset not previously described in this definition or any portion thereof, but (ii) not including any transaction or series of transactions specified in clause (i) (A) through (E) above in which the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions are reinvested by the Corporation in one or more Assets within 180 days thereafter.

Sales Commissions. The term “Sales Commissions” shall mean any and all commissions payable to underwriters, dealer managers or other broker-dealers in connection with the sale of Shares, including, without limitation, commissions payable to the Dealer Manager.

SDAT. The term “SDAT” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 6.4 herein.

Securities. The term “Securities” shall mean any of the following issued by the Corporation, as the text requires: Shares, any other stock, shares or other evidences of equity or beneficial or other interests, voting trust certificates, bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, secured or unsecured, convertible, subordinated or otherwise, or in general any instruments commonly known as “securities” or any certificates of interest, shares or participations in, temporary or interim certificates for, receipts for, guarantees of, or warrants, options or rights to subscribe to, purchase or acquire, any of the foregoing.

 

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Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto. Reference to any provision of the Securities Act shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.

Shares. The term “Shares” shall mean shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, including Common Shares or Preferred Shares.

Soliciting Dealers. The term “Soliciting Dealers” shall mean those broker-dealers that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or that are exempt from broker-dealer registration, and that, in either case, enter into selected dealer or other agreements with the Dealer Manager to sell Shares.

Special OP Units. The term “Special OP Units” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 9.8 herein.

Sponsor. The term “Sponsor” shall mean any Person which (i) is directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, the Corporation, (ii) will control, manage or participate in the management of the Corporation, and any Affiliate of any such Person, (iii) takes the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the Corporation, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other Persons, (iv) receives a material participation in the Corporation in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of the Corporation, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property, (v) has a substantial number of relationships and contacts with the Corporation, (vi) possesses significant rights to control Properties, (vii) receives fees for providing services to the Corporation which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the industry, or (viii) provides goods or services to the Corporation on a basis which was not negotiated at arm’s-length with the Corporation. “Sponsor” does not include any Person whose only relationship with the Corporation is that of an independent property manager and whose only compensation is as such, or wholly independent third parties such as attorneys, accountants and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services.

Stockholder List. The term “Stockholder List” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 12.5 herein.

Stockholders. The term “Stockholders” shall mean the holders of record of the Shares as maintained in the books and records of the Corporation or its transfer agent.

Tendered Shares. The term “Tendered Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 12.7 herein.

Termination Event. The term “Termination Event” means the termination or nonrenewal of the Advisory Agreement (i) in connection with a merger, sale of Assets or other transaction involving the Corporation pursuant to which a majority of the Directors then in office are replaced or removed, (ii) by the Advisor for “good reason” (as defined in the Advisory Agreement), or (iii) by the Corporation and/or Operating Partnership other than for “cause” (as defined in the Advisory Agreement).

 

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Total Operating Expenses. The term “Total Operating Expenses” shall mean all costs and expenses paid or incurred by the Corporation, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, that are in any way related to the operation of the Corporation or to corporate business, including Asset Management Fees and other operating fees paid to the Advisor, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as Organization and Offering Expenses, (ii) interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves, (v) incentive fees; (vi) Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses, (vii) real estate commissions on the Sale of Property, and (viii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition, management and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair, and improvement of property). Notwithstanding the definition set forth above, any expense of the Corporation which is not part of Total Operating Expenses under the NASAA REIT Guidelines shall not be treated as part of Total Operating Expenses for purposes hereof.

Total Project Cost. With regard to any Real Property acquired prior to or during the development, construction, improvement or acquisition stages, all hard and soft costs and expenses paid or incurred by the Corporation that are in any way related to the development of such Real Property, including, but not limited to, any debt, whether borrowed or assumed, land and construction costs.

2%/25% Guidelines. The term “2%/25% Guidelines” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 9.11 herein.

Unimproved Real Property. The term “Unimproved Real Property” shall mean Property in which the Corporation has an equity interest that was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, that has no development or construction in process and for which no development or construction is planned, in good faith, to commence within one year.

ARTICLE VI

STOCK

Section 6.1 Authorized Shares. The Corporation has authority to issue 1,200,000,000 Shares, consisting of 1,000,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share (“Common Shares”), and 200,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $.01 par value per share (“Preferred Shares”). The aggregate par value of all authorized Shares of stock having par value is $12,000,000. All Shares shall be fully paid and nonassessable when issued. If Shares of one class are classified or reclassified into Shares of another class pursuant to this Article VI, the number of authorized Shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of Shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of Shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of Shares of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of Shares set forth in

 

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the first sentence of this paragraph. The Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board and without any action by the Stockholders, may amend the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of Shares or the number of Shares of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.

Section 6.2 Common Shares.

Section 6.2.1 Common Shares Subject to Terms of Preferred Shares. The Common Shares shall be subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares.

Section 6.2.2 Description. Subject to the provisions of Article VII and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of Common Shares, each Common Share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters upon which Stockholders are entitled to vote pursuant to Section 12.2 hereof. The Board may classify or reclassify any unissued Common Shares from time to time in one or more classes or series of Shares; provided, however, that the voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.

Section 6.2.3 Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any distribution of the Assets, the aggregate Assets available for distribution to holders of the Common Shares shall be determined in accordance with applicable law. Each holder of Common Shares of a particular class shall be entitled to receive, ratably with each other holder of Common Shares of such class, that portion of such aggregate Assets available for distribution as the number of outstanding Common Shares of such class held by such holder bears to the total number of outstanding Common Shares of such class then outstanding.

Section 6.2.4 Voting Rights. Except as may be provided otherwise in the Charter, and subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares, the holders of the Common Shares shall have the exclusive right to vote on all matters (as to which a common stockholder shall be entitled to vote pursuant to applicable law) at all meetings of the Stockholders.

Section 6.3 Preferred Shares. The Board may classify any unissued Preferred Shares and reclassify any previously classified but unissued Preferred Shares of any series from time to time, in one or more classes or series of Shares; provided, however, that the voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.

Section 6.4 Classified or Reclassified Shares. Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified Shares of any class or series, the Board by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of Shares; (b) specify the number of Shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the provisions of Article

 

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VII and subject to the express terms of any class or series of Shares outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other Distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“SDAT”). Any of the terms of any class or series of Shares set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 6.4 may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of Shares is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary or other charter document.

Section 6.5 Dividends and Distributions. The Board of Directors may from time to time authorize the Corporation to declare and pay to Stockholders such dividends or Distributions, in cash or other assets of the Corporation or in Securities of the Corporation or from any other source as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine. The Board of Directors shall endeavor to authorize the Corporation to declare and pay such dividends and Distributions as shall be necessary for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT under the Code; however, Stockholders shall have no right to any dividend or Distribution unless and until authorized by the Board and declared by the Corporation. The exercise of the powers and rights of the Board of Directors pursuant to this Section 6.5 shall be subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding. The receipt by any Person in whose name any Shares are registered on the records of the Corporation or by his or her duly authorized agent shall be a sufficient discharge for all dividends or Distributions payable or deliverable in respect of such Shares and from all liability to see to the application thereof. Distributions in kind shall not be permitted, except for distributions of readily marketable securities, distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for the dissolution of the Corporation and the liquidation of its Assets in accordance with the terms of the Charter or distributions in which (a) the Board advises each Stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property, (b) the Board offers each Stockholder the election of receiving such in-kind distributions, and (c) in-kind distributions are made only to those Stockholders that accept such offer.

Section 6.6 Charter and Bylaws. The rights of all Stockholders and the terms of all Shares are subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws.

Section 6.7 No Issuance of Share Certificates. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall not issue stock certificates. A Stockholder’s investment shall be recorded on the books of the Corporation. To transfer his or her Shares, a Stockholder shall submit an executed form to the Corporation, which form shall be provided by the Corporation upon request. Such transfer will also be recorded on the books of the Corporation. Upon issuance or transfer of Shares, the Corporation will provide the Stockholder with information concerning his or her rights with regard to such Shares, as required by the Bylaws and the MGCL or other applicable law.

 

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Section 6.8 Suitability of Stockholders. Upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering and until Listing, the following provisions shall apply:

Section 6.8.1 Investor Suitability Standards. Subject to suitability standards established by individual states and amendments to the suitability standards set forth in the NASAA REIT Guidelines, to become a Stockholder, if such prospective Stockholder is an individual (including an individual beneficiary of a purchasing Individual Retirement Account), or if the prospective Stockholder is a fiduciary (such as a trustee of a trust or corporate pension or profit sharing plan, or other tax-exempt organization, or a custodian under a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act), such individual or fiduciary, as the case may be, must represent to the Corporation, among other requirements as the Corporation may require from time to time:

(a) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a minimum annual gross income of $70,000 and a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $70,000; or

(b) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $250,000.

Section 6.8.2 Determination of Suitability of Sale. Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of Common Shares by a Stockholder is a suitable and appropriate investment for such Stockholder. In making this determination, each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall ascertain that the prospective Stockholder: (a) meets the minimum income and net worth standards established for the Corporation; (b) can reasonably benefit from the Corporation based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; (c) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall financial situation; and (d) has apparent understanding of (i) the fundamental risks of the investment; (ii) the risk that the Stockholder may lose the entire investment; (iii) the lack of liquidity of the Common Shares; (iv) the restrictions on transferability of the Common Shares; (v) the tax consequences of the investment; and (vi) the background of the Advisor.

Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall make this determination on the basis of information it has obtained from a prospective Stockholder. Relevant information for this purpose will include at least the age, investment objectives, investment experiences, income, net worth, financial situation, and other investments of the prospective Stockholder, as well as any other pertinent factors.

Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall maintain records of the information used to determine that an investment in Common Shares is suitable and appropriate for a Stockholder. Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall maintain these records for at least six years.

Section 6.8.3 Minimum Investment and Transfer. Subject to certain individual state requirements and the issuance of Common Shares under the Reinvestment Plan, no sale or transfer of Common Shares will be permitted of less than $2,000, unless such amount is adjusted by the Board.

 

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Section 6.9 Repurchase of Shares. The Board may establish, from time to time, a program or programs by which the Corporation voluntarily repurchases Shares from its Stockholders; provided, however, that such repurchase does not impair the capital or operations of the Corporation. The Sponsor, Advisor, members of the Board or any Affiliates thereof may not receive any fees arising out of the repurchase of Shares by the Corporation.

Section 6.10 Distribution Reinvestment Plans. The Board may establish, from time to time, a Distribution reinvestment plan or plans (each, a “Reinvestment Plan”). Under any such Reinvestment Plan, (a) all material information regarding Distributions to the Stockholders and the effect of reinvesting such Distributions, including the tax consequences thereof, shall be provided to the Stockholders not less often than annually, and (b) each Stockholder participating in such Reinvestment Plan shall have a reasonable opportunity to withdraw from the Reinvestment Plan not less often than annually after receipt of the information required in clause (a) above.

ARTICLE VII

RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

Section 7.1 Restrictions on Transfer and Ownership.

(a) Definitions. For purposes of Article VII, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

“Acquire” means the acquisition of Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares by any means, including, without limitation, the exercise of any rights under any option, warrant, convertible security, pledge or other security interest or similar right to acquire Shares, but shall not include the acquisition of any such rights unless, as a result, the acquiror would be considered a Beneficial Owner or a Constructive Owner. The terms “Acquires” and “Acquisition” shall have correlative meanings.

“Beneficial Ownership,” when used with respect to ownership of Shares by any Person, shall mean ownership of Shares which are (a) directly owned by such Person, (b) indirectly owned by such Person for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code, taking into account the constructive ownership rules of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) of the Code or (c) beneficially owned by such Person pursuant to Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act. Whenever a Person Beneficially Owns Shares that are not actually outstanding (e.g., shares issuable upon the exercise of an option or convertible security) (“Option Shares”), then, whenever this Charter requires a determination of the percentage of outstanding shares of a class of Shares Beneficially Owned by that Person, the Option Shares Beneficially Owned by that Person shall also be deemed to be outstanding. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have correlative meanings.

“Beneficiary” shall mean, with respect to any Excess Shares Trust, one or more organizations described in each of Section 170(b)(1)(A) (other than clauses (vii) and (viii) thereof) and Section 170(c)(2) of the Code that are named by the Corporation as the beneficiary or beneficiaries of such Excess Shares Trust, in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.2(d).

 

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“Charter Effective Date” shall mean the date upon which this Charter is accepted for record by the SDAT.

“Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person who is or would be treated as a direct or indirect owner of such Shares through the application of Section 318 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Own,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have correlative meanings.

“Excepted Holder” shall mean a Stockholder for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by the Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to Section 7.1(d)(ii) hereof.

“Excepted Holder Limit” shall mean, provided that the affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to Section 7.1(d)(ii), the ownership limit with respect to the Shares of the Corporation established by the Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to Section 7.1(d)(ii) for or in respect of such holder.

“Excess Shares” means the excess shares, par value $.01 per share, exchanged for shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as the case may be, transferred or proposed to be transferred in excess of the Ownership Limit or which would otherwise jeopardize the Company’s status as a REIT under the Code.

“Excess Shares Trust” shall mean any separate trust created and administered in accordance with the terms of Section 7.2 for the exclusive benefit of any Beneficiary.

“Individual” shall mean (a) an “individual” within the meaning of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code, as modified by Section 544 of the Code and/or (b) any beneficiary of a “qualified trust” (as defined in Section 856(h)(3)(E) of the Code) which qualified trust is eligible for look-through treatment under Section 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code for purposes of determining whether a REIT is closely held under Section 856(a)(6) of the Code.

“Market Price” means, until the Common Shares are Listed, the price per Common Share if Shares have been sold during the prior quarter pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and otherwise a price per Common Share determined on the basis of a quarterly valuation of the Corporation’s assets. Upon Listing, market price shall mean the average of the Closing Prices for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding such day (or those days during such ten (10)-day period for which Closing Prices are available). The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean (a) where there exists a public market for the Corporation’s Common Shares, the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the Common Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to

 

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securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if the Common Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the principal automated quotation system that may then be in use or (b) if no public market for the Common Shares exists, the Closing Price will be determined by a single, independent appraiser selected by the Board of Directors of the Corporation which appraiser shall appraise the Market Price for such Common Shares within such guidelines as shall be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

“Non-Transfer Event” shall mean an event other than a purported Transfer that would cause any Person to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own a greater number of Shares than such Person Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned immediately prior to such event. Non-Transfer Events include, but are not limited to, (a) the granting of any option or entering into any agreement for the sale, transfer or other disposition of shares (or of Beneficial Ownership of shares) of Shares or (b) the sale, transfer, assignment or other disposition of interests in any Person or of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Shares or for interests in any Person that directly or indirectly results in changes in Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares.

“Ownership Limit” shall mean, with respect to each class or series of Shares, 9.8% (by value or number of Shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of such class or series of Shares, and with respect to all outstanding Shares, 9.8% (by value or number of Shares, whichever is more restrictive) of all such outstanding Shares.

“Permitted Transferee” shall mean any Person designated as a Permitted Transferee in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.2(h).

“Prohibited Owner” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event, any Person who is prevented from becoming or remaining the owner of record title to Shares by the provisions of Section 7.2(a).

“Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day on which the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify under the Code as a REIT.

“Subsidiary” shall mean any direct or indirect subsidiary, whether a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity, of the Corporation.

“Trading Day” shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which any of the Common Shares are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if none of the Common Shares are listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

“Transfer” (as a noun) shall mean any sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition of Shares or of Beneficial Ownership of Shares (including but not limited to the

 

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initial issuance of Common Shares by the Corporation), whether voluntary or involuntary, whether of record, constructively or beneficially and whether by operation of law or otherwise. “Transfer” (as a verb) shall have the correlative meaning.

“Trustee” shall mean any Person or entity, unaffiliated with both the Corporation and any Prohibited Owner (and, if different than the Prohibited Owner, the Person who would have had Beneficial Ownership of the Shares that would have been owned of record by the Prohibited Owner), designated by the Corporation to act as trustee of any Excess Shares Trust, or any successor trustee thereof.

(b) Restrictions.

(i) Except as provided in Section 7.1(d)(i), from and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would cause the Corporation to Constructively Own a 10% or greater ownership interest in a tenant of the Corporation or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Corporation within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code (other than a tenant that is a “taxable REIT subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation that satisfies one or more of the exceptions set forth in Section 856(d)(8) of the Code), shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of that number of Shares that would cause the Corporation to Constructively Own a 10% or greater ownership interest in a tenant of the Corporation or a Subsidiary within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code (other than a tenant that is a “taxable REIT subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation that satisfies one or more of the exceptions set forth in Section 856(d)(8) of the Code), and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

(ii)(1) Except as provided in Section 7.1(d)(ii), from and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, no Person (other than an Excepted Holder) shall Beneficially Own Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit and no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.

(2) Except as provided in Section 7.1(d)(ii), from and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, any purported Transfer that, if effective, would result in any Person (other than an Excepted Holder) Beneficially Owning Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of that number of Shares which would be otherwise Beneficially Owned by such Person in excess of the Ownership Limit, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

(3) Except as provided in Section 7.1(d)(ii), from and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, any purported Transfer that, if effective, would result in any Excepted Holder Beneficially Owning Shares in excess of the applicable Excepted Holder Limit shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of that number of Shares which would be otherwise Beneficially Owned by such Excepted Holder in excess of the applicable Excepted Holder Limit established for such Excepted Holder by the Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to Section 7.1(d)(ii), and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

 

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(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the provisions of this Section 7.1(b)(ii) shall be applied only insofar as may be necessary to accomplish the intents and purposes of the foregoing.

(iii) From and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, any purported Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of that number of Shares that would cause the Corporation to be “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

(iv) From and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, any purported Transfer that, if effective, would result in Shares being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons for purposes of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code shall be void ab initio and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

(v) Except as provided in Section 7.1(d)(i), from and after the Charter Effective Date and until the Restriction Termination Date, any purported Transfer that, if effective, would (1) cause any Person (other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation) who renders or furnishes services to one or more tenants of the Corporation or a Subsidiary which are not “related” to the Corporation within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (determined without regard to the provisions of Section 856(d)(8) of the Code), to be other than an “independent contractor” for purposes of Section 856(d)(3) of the Code, or (2) cause any Person who renders or furnishes services to a “taxable REIT subsidiary” of the Corporation which leases directly or indirectly from the Corporation a “qualified lodging facility” (within the meaning of Section 856(d)(8)(B) of the Code) to be other than an “eligible independent contractor” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9) of the Code, shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of that number of Shares that would cause such Person to be other than an “independent contractor” for purposes of Section 856(d)(3) of the Code or an “eligible independent contractor” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9) of the Code, as applicable, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

(c) Owners Required to Provide Information.

Until the Restriction Termination Date:

(i) Every record owner of more than 5%, or such lower percentages as is then required pursuant to regulations under the Code, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of Shares of the Corporation shall, no later than January 30 of each year, provide to the Corporation a written statement or affidavit stating the name and address of such record owner, the number of Shares owned by such record owner, and a description of how such shares are held. Each such record owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit.

 

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(ii) Each Person who is a Beneficial Owner of Shares and each Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding Shares for a Beneficial Owner shall, within thirty (30) days of receiving written request from the Corporation therefor, provide to the Corporation a written statement or affidavit stating the name and address of such Beneficial Owner, the number of Shares Beneficially Owned by such Beneficial Owner, a description of how such shares are held, and such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit.

(d) Exceptions.

(i) The Board of Directors of the Corporation, upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or other evidence or undertakings acceptable to the Board of Directors of the Corporation, may, in its sole discretion, waive the application of Section 7.1(b)(i) or Section 7.1(b)(v) to a Person subject, as the case may be, to any such limitations on Transfer, provided that (1) the Board of Directors of the Corporation obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation), if any, to ascertain that such Person’s Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares will not now or in the future result in the Corporation failing to satisfy the gross income limitations provided for in Sections 856(c)(2) and (3) of the Code and (2) insofar as required by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, such Person agrees in writing that any violation or attempted violation of (A) such other limitation as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may establish at the time of such waiver with respect to such Person or (B) such other restrictions and conditions as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may in its sole discretion impose at the time of such waiver with respect to such Person, will result, as of the time of such violation even if discovered after such violation, in the conversion of such shares in excess of the original limit applicable to such Person into Excess Shares pursuant to Section 7.2(a).

(ii) The Board of Directors of the Corporation, upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or other evidence or undertakings acceptable to the Board of Directors of the Corporation, may, in its sole discretion, waive the application of the Ownership Limit to a Person otherwise subject to any such limit, provided that (1) the Board of Directors of the Corporation obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation), if any, to ascertain that such Person’s Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares will not now or in the future (A) result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, (B) cause the Corporation to Constructively Own a 10% or greater ownership interest in a tenant of the Corporation or a Subsidiary within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code (other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation that satisfies one or more of the exceptions set forth in Section 856(d)(8) of the Code) and to fail either the 75% gross income test of Section 856(c)(3) of the Code or the 95% gross income test of Section 856(c)(2) of the Code, (C) result in the Shares of the Corporation

 

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being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons within the meaning of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code, or (D) cause the Corporation to receive “impermissible tenant service income” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(7) of the Code, and (2) such Person provides to the Board of Directors of the Corporation such representations and undertakings, if any, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation, may in its sole and absolute discretion, require (including, without limitation, an agreement as to a reduced Ownership Limit or Excepted Holder Limit for such Person with respect to the Beneficial Ownership of one or more other classes of Shares not subject to the exception), and, insofar as required by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, such Person agrees in writing that any violation or attempted violation of (A) such other limitation as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may establish at the time of such waiver with respect to such Person or (B) such other restrictions and conditions as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may in its sole discretion impose at the time of such waiver with respect to such Person, will result, as of the time of such violation even if discovered after such violation, in the conversion of such shares in excess of the original limit applicable to such Person into Excess Shares pursuant to Section 7.2(a).

(iii) The Board of Directors of the Corporation may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder (1) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time or (2) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the Ownership Limit. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 7.1(d)(iii) is intended to limit or modify the restrictions on ownership contained in Section 7.1(b)(ii) and the authority of the Board of Directors of the Corporation under Section 7.1(d)(i).

(e) Public Market. Notwithstanding any provision contained herein to the contrary, nothing in these Charter shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of any national securities exchange or any automated quotation system. In no event, however, shall the existence or application of the preceding sentence have the effect of deterring or preventing the conversion of Shares into Excess Shares as contemplated herein.

(f) Ambiguity. In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 7.1, including any definition contained in Section 7.1(a) above, the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall have the power and authority, in its sole discretion, to determine the application of the provisions of this Section 7.1 with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it.

(g) Remedies Not Limited. Except as set forth in Section 7.1(e) above, nothing contained in this Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 shall limit the authority of the Corporation to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its stockholders by preservation of the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit or the Excepted Holder Limit.

 

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(h) Notice to Stockholders Upon Issuance or Transfer. Upon issuance or transfer of Shares, the Corporation shall provide the recipient with a notice containing information about the shares purchased or otherwise transferred, in lieu of issuance of a share certificate, in a form substantially similar to the following:

“The securities issued or transferred are subject to restrictions on transfer and ownership for the purpose of maintenance of the Corporation’s status as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Except as otherwise provided pursuant to the Charter of the Corporation, no Person may (a) Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares of the Corporation in excess of 9.8% (or such greater percent as may be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation) of the outstanding Common Shares; (b) Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of any series of Preferred Shares of the Corporation in excess of 9.8% (or such greater percent as may be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation) of the outstanding shares of such series of Preferred Shares; (c) Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of one or more classes or series of Shares of the Corporation in excess of 9.8% (or such greater percent as may be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation) of the total outstanding Shares of the Corporation; or (d) Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares or Preferred Shares (of any class or series) which would result in the Corporation being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or which otherwise would cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT. Any Person who has Beneficial or Constructive Ownership, or who Acquires or attempts to Acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership, of Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares in excess of the above limitations must immediately notify the Corporation in writing or, in the event of a proposed or attempted Transfer or Acquisition or purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership, must give written notice to the Corporation at least 15 days prior to the proposed or attempted Transfer, transaction or other event. Any purported Transfer of Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares which results in violation of the ownership or transfer limitations set forth in the Corporation’s Charter shall be void ab initio and the intended transferee shall not have or acquire any rights in such Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares. If the transfer and ownership limitations referred to herein are violated, the Common Shares or Preferred Shares represented hereby will be automatically converted into Excess Shares to the extent of violation of such limitations, and such Excess Shares will be automatically transferred to an Excess Shares Trust, all as provided by the Charter of the Corporation. All defined terms used in this legend have the meanings identified in the Corporation’s Charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer, will be sent without charge to each Stockholder who so requests.”

Instead of the foregoing legend, the certificate may state that the Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a Stockholder on request and without charge. In the case of uncertificated Shares, the Corporation will send the holder of such Shares, on request and without charge, a written statement of the information otherwise required on certificates.

 

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Section 7.2 Excess Shares.

(a) Conversion into Excess Shares.

(i) If, notwithstanding the other provisions contained in the Charter, from and after the Charter Effective Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, there is a purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event such that any Person (other than an Excepted Holder) would Beneficially Own shares of any class or series of Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit, or such that any Person that is an Excepted Holder would Beneficially Own shares of any class or series of Shares in excess of the applicable Excepted Holder Limit, then, except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1(d), (1) the purported transferee shall be deemed to be a Prohibited Owner and shall acquire no right or interest (or, in the case of a Non-Transfer Event, the Person holding record title to the Shares Beneficially Owned by such Beneficial Owner shall cease to own any right or interest) in such number of Shares the ownership of which by a Beneficial Owner would cause (A) a Person to Beneficially Own shares of any class or series of Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit or (B) an Excepted Holder to Beneficially Own shares of any class or series of Shares in excess of the applicable Excepted Holder Limit, as the case may be, (2) such number of Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit or the applicable Excepted Holder Limit, as the case may be (rounded up to the nearest whole share), shall be automatically converted into an equal number of Excess Shares and transferred to an Excess Shares Trust in accordance with Section 7.2(d) and (3) the Prohibited Owner shall submit the certificates, if any, representing such number of Shares to the Corporation, accompanied by all requisite and duly executed assignments of transfer thereof, for registration in the name of the Trustee of the Excess Shares Trust. If the Shares that are converted into Excess Shares are not shares of Common Shares, then the Excess Shares into which they are converted shall be deemed to be a separate series of Excess Shares with a designation and title corresponding to the designation and title of the shares that have been converted into the Excess Shares, followed by the words “Excess Shares” in the designation thereof. Such conversion into Excess Shares and transfer to an Excess Shares Trust shall be effective as of the close of trading on the Business Day prior to the date of the purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event, as the case may be, even though the certificates, if any, representing the Shares so converted may be submitted to the Corporation at a later date.

(ii) If, notwithstanding the other provisions contained in the Charter, (1) from and after the Charter Effective Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date there is a purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event that, if effective, would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, (2) from and after the Charter Effective Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, there is a purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event that, if effective, would cause the Corporation to Constructively Own a 10% or greater ownership interest in a tenant of the Corporation or a Subsidiary for purposes of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code (other than a tenant that is a “taxable REIT Subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation that satisfies one or more of the exceptions set forth in Section 856(d)(8) of the Code), (3) from and after the Charter Effective Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, there is a purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event, that, if effective, would result in the Shares being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons for purposes of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code, or (4) from and after the Charter Effective Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, there is a purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event that, if effective, would (A) cause any Person (other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation) who renders or furnishes services to one or more tenants of the Corporation or a Subsidiary which are not “related” to the Corporation within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (determined without regard to the provisions of Section 856(d)(8) of

 

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the Code), to be other than an “independent contractor” for purposes of Section 856(d)(3) of the Code, or (B) cause any Person who renders or furnishes services to a “taxable REIT subsidiary” of the Corporation which leases, directly or indirectly from the Corporation, a “qualified lodging facility” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(8)(B) of the Code, to be other than an “eligible independent contractor” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9) of the Code, then, except to the extent a waiver was obtained with respect to such restriction pursuant to Section 7.1(iv), (X) the purported transferee shall be deemed to be a Prohibited Owner and shall acquire no right or interest (or, in the case of a Non-Transfer Event, the Person holding record title of the Shares with respect to which such Non-Transfer Event occurred shall cease to own any right or interest) in such number of Shares, the ownership of which by such purported transferee or record holder would (AA) result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, (BB) cause the Corporation to Constructively Own a 10% or greater ownership interest in a tenant of the Corporation or a Subsidiary for purposes of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code (other than a “taxable REIT Subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation that satisfies one or more of the exceptions set forth in Section 856(d)(8) of the Code), (CC) result in the Shares being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons for purposes of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code, or (DD)(i) cause any Person (other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” (within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation) who renders or furnishes services to one or more tenants of the Corporation or a Subsidiary which are not “related” to the Corporation within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (determined without regard to the provisions of Section 856(d)(8) of the Code), to be other than an “independent contractor” for purposes of Section 856(d)(3) of the Code, or (ii) cause any Person who renders or furnishes services to a “taxable REIT subsidiary” of the Corporation which leases from the Corporation, directly or indirectly, a “qualified lodging facility” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(8)(B) of the Code, to be other than an “eligible independent contractor” within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9) of the Code, (Y) such number of Shares (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically converted into an equal number of Excess Shares and transferred to an Excess Shares Trust in accordance with Section 7.2(d) and (Z) the Prohibited Owner shall submit certificates, if any, representing such number of Shares to the Corporation, accompanied by all requisite and duly executed assignments of transfer thereof, for registration in the name of the Trustee of the Excess Shares Trust. If the Shares that are converted into Excess Shares are not Common Shares, then the Excess Shares into which they are converted shall be deemed to be a separate series of Excess Shares with a designation and title corresponding to the designation and title of the shares that have been converted into the Excess Shares, followed by the words “Excess Shares” in the designation thereof. Such conversion into Excess Shares and transfer to an Excess Shares Trust shall be effective as of the close business on the Business Day prior to the date of the purported Transfer or Non-Transfer Event, as the case may be, even though the certificates, if any, representing the Shares so converted may be submitted to the Corporation at a later date.

(iii) Upon the occurrence of a conversion of Shares into an equal number of Excess Shares, without any action required by any Person, including the Board of Directors of the Corporation, such Shares shall be restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares of the particular class or series of Shares that was converted into Excess Shares and may be reissued by the Corporation as that particular class or series of Shares.

 

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(b) Remedies for Breach. If the Corporation, or its designees, shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer has taken place in violation of Section 7.1(ii) or that a Person intends to Acquire or has attempted to Acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of any Shares in violation of Section 7.1(ii), the Corporation shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or Acquisition, including, but not limited to, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the stock transfer books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or Acquisition, but the failure to take any such action shall not affect the automatic conversion of Shares into Excess Shares and their transfer to an Excess Shares Trust in accordance with Section 7.2(i) and Section 7.2(iv).

(c) Notice of Restricted Transfer. Any Person who Acquires or attempts to Acquire Shares in violation of Section 7.1(b), or any Person who owned Shares that were converted into Excess Shares and transferred to an Excess Shares Trust pursuant to Sections 7.2(a) and 7.2(d), shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation, or, in the event of a proposed or attempted Transfer, Acquisition or purported change in Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership, shall give at least fifteen (15) days prior written notice to the Corporation, of such event and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation, in its sole discretion, may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer, Acquisition, or Non-Transfer Event, as the case may be, on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

(d) Ownership in Excess Shares Trust. Upon any purported Transfer, Acquisition, or Non-Transfer Event that results in Excess Shares pursuant to Section 7.2(a), such Excess Shares shall be automatically and by operation of law transferred to one or more Trustees as trustee of one or more Excess Shares Trusts to be held for the exclusive benefit of one or more Beneficiaries. Any conversion of Shares into Excess Shares and transfer to an Excess Shares Trust shall be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of the purported Transfer, Acquisition or Non-Transfer Event that results in the conversion. Excess Shares so held in trust shall remain issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation.

(e) Dividend Rights. Each Excess Share shall be entitled to the same dividends and distributions (as to both timing and amount) as may be declared by the Board of Directors of the Corporation with respect to shares of the same class and series as the Shares that were converted into such Excess Shares. The Trustee, as record holder of the Excess Shares, shall be entitled to receive all dividends and distributions and shall hold all such dividends and distributions in trust for the benefit of the Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner with respect to such Excess Shares shall repay to the Excess Shares Trust the amount of any dividends or distributions received by it (a) that are attributable to any Shares that have been converted into Excess Shares and (b) which were distributed by the Corporation to stockholders of record on a record date which was on or after the date that such shares were converted into Excess Shares. The Corporation shall have the right to take all measures that it determines reasonably necessary to recover the amount of any such dividend or distribution paid to a Prohibited Owner, including, if necessary, withholding any portion of future dividends or distributions payable on Shares Beneficially Owned by the Person who, but for the provisions of Sections 7.1 and 7.2, would Constructively Own or Beneficially Own the Shares that were converted into Excess Shares; and,

 

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as soon as reasonably practicable following the Corporation’s receipt or withholding thereof, shall pay over to the Excess Shares Trust for the benefit of the Beneficiary the dividends so received or withheld, as the case may be.

(f) Rights upon Liquidation. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation of, or winding up of, or any distribution of the assets of, the Corporation, each holder of Excess Shares shall be entitled to receive, ratably with each holder of Shares of the same class and series as the shares which were converted into such Excess Shares and other holders of such Excess Shares, that portion of the assets of the Corporation that is available for distribution to the holders of such Shares. The Excess Shares Trust shall distribute to the Prohibited Owner the amounts received upon such liquidation, dissolution, winding up or distribution; provided, however, that the Prohibited Owner shall not be entitled to receive amounts in excess of, in the case of a purported Transfer or Acquisition in which the Prohibited Owner gave value for Shares and which Transfer or Acquisition resulted in the conversion of the shares into Excess Shares, the product of (a) the price per share, if any, such Prohibited Owner paid for the Shares and (b) the number of Shares which were so converted into Excess Shares and held by the Excess Shares Trust, and, in the case of a Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer or Acquisition in which the Prohibited Owner did not give value for such shares (e.g., if the shares were received through a gift or devise) and which Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer or Acquisition, as the case may be, resulted in the conversion of the shares into Excess Shares, the product of (1) the price per share equal to the Market Price for the shares that were converted into such Excess Shares on the date of such Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer or Acquisition and (2) the number of Shares which were so converted into Excess Shares. Any remaining amount in such Excess Shares Trust shall be distributed to the Beneficiary; provided, however, that in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation of, or winding up of, or any distribution of the Assets of, the Corporation that occurs during the period in which the Corporation has the right to accept the offer to purchase Excess Shares under Section 7.2(j) hereof (but with respect to which the Corporation has not yet accepted such offer), then (A) the Corporation shall be deemed to have accepted such offer immediately prior to the time at which the liquidating distribution is to be determined for the holders of Shares of the same class and series as the shares which were converted into such Excess Shares (or such earlier time as is necessary to permit such offer to be accepted) and to have simultaneously purchased such shares at the price per share set forth in Section 7.2(j), (B) the Prohibited Owner with respect to such Excess Shares shall receive in connection with such deemed purchase the compensation amount set forth Section 7.2(i) (as if such shares were purchased by the Corporation directly from the Excess Shares Trust), (C) the amount, if any, by which the deemed purchase price exceeds such compensation amount shall be distributed to the Beneficiary and (D) accordingly, any amounts that would have been distributed with respect to such Excess Shares in such liquidation, winding-up or distribution (if such deemed purchase had not occurred) in excess of the deemed purchase price shall be distributed to the holders of the Shares and holders of Excess Shares resulting from the conversion of such Shares entitled to such distribution.

(g) Voting Rights. The holders of Excess Shares shall not be entitled to voting rights with respect to such shares. Any vote by a Prohibited Owner as a purported holder of Shares prior to the discovery by the Corporation that such Shares have been converted into Excess Shares shall, subject to applicable law, be rescinded and shall be void ab initio with respect to such Excess Shares; provided, however, that if the Corporation has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind such vote.

 

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(h) Designation of Permitted Transferee.

(i) As soon as practicable after the Trustee acquires Excess Shares, but in an orderly fashion so as not to materially adversely affect the price of Shares, the Trustee shall designate one or more Persons as Permitted Transferees and sell to such Permitted Transferees any Excess Shares held by the Trustee; provided, however, that (1) any Permitted Transferee so designated purchases for valuable consideration (whether in a public or private sale) the Excess Shares and (2) any Permitted Transferee so designated may acquire such Excess Shares without violating any of the restrictions set forth in Section 7.1(b) (assuming for this purpose the automatic conversion of such Excess Shares into Shares pursuant to Section 7.2(h)(ii)) and without such acquisition resulting in the re-conversion of the Shares underlying the Excess Shares so acquired into Excess Shares and the transfer of such shares to an Excess Shares Trust pursuant to Sections 7.2(a) and 7.2(d). The Trustee shall have the exclusive and absolute right to designate Permitted Transferees of any and all Excess Shares. Prior to any transfer by the Trustee of Excess Shares to a Permitted Transferee, the Trustee shall give not less than five (5) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Corporation of such intended transfer to enable the Corporation to determine whether to exercise or waive its purchase rights under Section 7.2(j). No such transfer by the Trustee of Excess Shares to a Permitted Transferee shall be consummated unless the Trustee has received a written waiver of the Corporation’s purchase rights under Section 7.2(j).

(ii) Upon the designation by the Trustee of a Permitted Transferee and compliance with the provisions of this Section 7.2(h), the Trustee shall cause to be transferred to the Permitted Transferee the Excess Shares acquired by the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.2(d). Upon such transfer of Excess Shares to the Permitted Transferee, such Excess Shares shall be automatically converted into an equal number of Shares of the same class and series as the Shares which were converted into such Excess Shares. Upon the occurrence of such a conversion of Excess Shares into an equal number of Shares, such Excess Shares, without any action required by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, shall thereupon be restored to the status of authorized but unissued Excess Shares and may be reissued by the Corporation as Excess Shares. The Trustee shall (1) cause to be recorded on the stock transfer books of the Corporation that the Permitted Transferee is the holder of record of such number of Shares, and (2) distribute to the Beneficiary any and all amounts held with respect to such Excess Shares after making payment to the Prohibited Owner pursuant to Section 7.2(i).

(iii) If the Transfer of Excess Shares to a purported Permitted Transferee would or does violate any of the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 7.1(b) (assuming for this purpose the automatic conversion of such Excess Shares into Shares pursuant to Section 7.2(h)(ii)), such Transfer shall be void ab initio as to that number of Excess Shares that cause the violation of any such restriction when such shares are converted into Shares (as described in Section 7.2(h)(ii)) and the purported Permitted Transferee shall be deemed to be a Prohibited Owner and shall acquire no rights in such Excess Shares or Shares. Such Shares shall be automatically re-converted into Excess Shares and transferred to the Excess Shares Trust from which they were originally Transferred. Such conversion and transfer to the Excess Shares Trust

 

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shall be effective as of the close of trading on the Business Day prior to the date of the Transfer to the purported Permitted Transferee and the provisions of this Section 7.2 shall apply to such shares, including, without limitation, the provisions of Sections 7.2(h) through 7.2(j) with respect to any future Transfer of such shares by the Excess Shares Trust.

(i) Compensation to Record Holder of Shares That Are Converted into Excess Shares. Any Prohibited Owner shall be entitled (following acquisition of the Excess Shares and subsequent designation of and sale of Excess Shares to a Permitted Transferee in accordance with Section 7.2(h) or following the acceptance of the offer to purchase such shares in accordance with Section 7.2(j)) to receive from the Trustee following the sale or other disposition of such Excess Shares the lesser of (1)(A) in the case of a purported Transfer or Acquisition in which the Prohibited Owner gave value for Shares and which Transfer or Acquisition resulted in the conversion of such shares into Excess Shares, the product of (x) the price per share, if any, such Prohibited Owner paid for the Shares and (y) the number of Shares which were so converted into Excess Shares and (B) in the case of a Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer or Acquisition in which the Prohibited Owner did not give value for such shares (e.g., if the shares were received through a gift or devise) and which Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer or Acquisition, as the case may be, resulted in the conversion of such shares into Excess Shares, the product of (x) the price per share equal to the Market Price for the shares that were converted into such Excess Shares on the date of such Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer or Acquisition and (y) the number of Shares which were so converted into Excess Shares, (2) the proceeds received by the Trustee from the sale or other disposition of such Excess Shares in accordance with Section 7.2(h) or Section 7.2(j) or (3) the pro-rata amount of such Prohibited Owner’s initial capital investment in the Corporation properly allocated to such Excess Shares (determined by multiplying the Prohibited Owner’s total initial capital investment in the Corporation by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of the Prohibited Owner’s Shares converted into such Excess Shares and the denominator of which is the total number of Shares held (or purported to be held) by the Prohibited Owner immediately prior to such conversion (including the shares so converted)). Any amounts received by the Trustee in respect of such Excess Shares that is in excess of such amounts to be paid to the Prohibited Owner pursuant to this Section 7.2(i) shall be distributed to the Beneficiary. Each Beneficiary and Prohibited Owner shall be deemed to have waived and, if requested, shall execute a written confirmation of the waiver of, any and all claims that it may have against the Trustee and the Excess Shares Trust arising out of the disposition of Excess Shares, except for claims arising out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Trustee or any failure to make payments in accordance with this Section 7.2 by such Trustee.

(j) Purchase Right in Excess Shares. Excess Shares shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation or its designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (1) the price per share of Shares in the transaction that created such Excess Shares (or, in the case of a Non-Transfer Event, Transfer or Acquisition in which the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares (e.g., if the shares were received through a gift or devise), the Market Price for the shares that were converted into such Excess Shares on the date of such Non-Transfer Event, Transfer or Acquisition or (2) the Market Price for the shares that were converted into such Excess Shares on the date the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer for a period of ninety (90) days following the later of (A) the date of the Acquisition, Non-Transfer Event or purported Transfer

 

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which results in such Excess Shares or (B) the first to occur of (x) the date the Board of Directors of the Corporation first determined that an Acquisition, Transfer or Non-Transfer Event resulting in Excess Shares has occurred and (y) the date that the Corporation received a notice of such Acquisition, Transfer or Non-Transfer Event pursuant to Section 7.2(c).

(k) Remedies Not Exclusive. Nothing in this Section 7.2 shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors of the Corporation to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its Stockholders in preserving the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

SECTION 7.3 Severability. If any provision of this Article VII or any application of any such provision is determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court having jurisdiction over the issue, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article VII shall not be affected and other applications of such provision shall be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with the determination of such court.

SECTION 7.4 Waiver. The Corporation shall have authority at any time to waive the requirements that Excess Shares be issued or be deemed outstanding in accordance with the provisions of this Article VII if the Corporation determines, based on an opinion of nationally recognized tax counsel, that the issuance of such Excess Shares or the fact that such Excess Shares are deemed to be outstanding, would jeopardize the status of the Corporation as a REIT.

ARTICLE VIII

PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING

AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE

CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS

Section 8.1 Number of Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. The number of Directors of the Corporation (the “Directors”) shall be five, which number may be increased or decreased from time to time pursuant to the Bylaws; provided, however, that, upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the total number of Directors shall not be fewer than three. Upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, a majority of the Board will be Independent Directors except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, removal or resignation of an Independent Director pending the election of such Independent Director’s successor. The names of the Directors who shall serve until the first annual meeting of Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify are*:

John A. Blumberg

Gary M. Reiff

 

 

* The identities of the other three directors will be determined prior to the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering.

 

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These Directors may increase the total number of Directors and fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of Directors or otherwise, on the Board of Directors prior to the first annual meeting of Stockholders in the manner provided in the Bylaws.

The Corporation elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for under Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, that, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of Preferred Shares, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors in office, even if the remaining Directors do not constitute a quorum, and any Director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, Independent Directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Directors’ positions.

Section 8.2 Experience. Each Director, other than Independent Directors, shall have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets being acquired by the Corporation. At least one of the Independent Directors shall have three years of relevant real estate experience.

Section 8.3 Committees. The Board may establish such committees as it deems appropriate, in its discretion, provided that the majority of the members of each committee are Independent Directors.

Section 8.4 Term. Except as may otherwise be provided in the terms of any Preferred Shares issued by the Corporation, each Director shall hold office for one year, until the next annual meeting of Stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Directors may be elected to an unlimited number of successive terms.

Section 8.5 Fiduciary Obligations. The Directors serve in a fiduciary capacity to the Corporation and have a fiduciary duty to the Stockholders, including, with respect to the Directors, a specific fiduciary duty to supervise the relationship of the Corporation with the Advisor.

Section 8.6 Extraordinary Actions. Notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of Shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the Shares entitled to be cast on the matter.

Section 8.7 Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance. The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance from time to time of Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter or the Bylaws.

Section 8.8 Preemptive Rights and Appraisal Rights. Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Shares pursuant to Section 6.4 or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board of

 

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Directors, no holder of Shares shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Shares or any other Security which the Corporation may issue or sell. Holders of Shares shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL or any successor statute unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of Shares, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such Shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.

Section 8.9 Determinations by Board. The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with the Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of Shares: the amount of the net income for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of Shares or the payment of other Distributions on Shares; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other cash flow, funds from operations, net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or Distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of Shares; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation or any Shares; the number of Shares of any class of the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Corporation; any conflict between the MGCL and the provisions set forth in the NASAA REIT Guidelines; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any determination by the Board of Directors as to any of the preceding matters shall not render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination and no Director shall be liable for making or failing to make such a determination; and provided, further, that to the extent the Board determines that the MGCL conflicts with the provisions set forth in the NASAA REIT Guidelines, the NASAA REIT Guidelines shall control to the extent any provisions of the MGCL are not mandatory.

Section 8.10 REIT Qualification. If the Corporation elects to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT, the Board of Directors shall use its reasonable efforts to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve the status of the Corporation as a REIT; however, if the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code. The Board of Directors also may determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and Transfers set forth in Article VII is no longer required for REIT qualification.

 

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Section 8.11 Removal of Directors. Subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Shares to elect or remove one or more Directors, any Director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of Directors.

Section 8.12 Board Action with Respect to Certain Matters. A majority of the Independent Directors must approve any Board action to which the following sections of the NASAA REIT Guidelines apply: II.A., II.C., II.F., II.G., IV.A., IV.B., IV.C., IV.D., IV.E., IV.F., IV.G., V.E., V.H., V.J., VI.A., VI.B.4, and VI.G.

ARTICLE IX

ADVISOR

Section 9.1 Appointment and Initial Investment of Advisor. The Board is responsible for setting the general policies of the Corporation and for the general supervision of its business conducted by officers, agents, employees, advisors or independent contractors of the Corporation. However, the Board is not required personally to conduct the business of the Corporation, and it may (but need not) appoint, employ or contract with any Person (including a Person Affiliated with any Director) as an Advisor and may grant or delegate such authority to the Advisor as the Board may, in its sole discretion, deem necessary or desirable. The term of retention of any Advisor shall not exceed one year, although there is no limit to the number of times that a particular Advisor may be retained. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Person hired or retained by the Advisor to perform the property or securities management and related services for the Corporation or the Operating Partnership that is not hired or retained to perform substantially all of the functions of the Advisor with respect to the Corporation or the Operating Partnership as a whole shall not be deemed to be an Advisor.

Section 9.2 Supervision of Advisor. The Board shall review and evaluate the qualifications of the Advisor before entering into, and shall evaluate the performance of the Advisor before renewing an Advisory Agreement, and the criteria used in such evaluation shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Board may exercise broad discretion in allowing the Advisor to administer and regulate the operations of the Corporation, to act as agent for the Corporation, to execute documents on behalf of the Corporation and to make executive decisions that conform to general policies and principles established by the Board. The Board shall monitor the Advisor to assure that the administrative procedures, operations and programs of the Corporation are in the best interests of the Stockholders and are fulfilled. The Independent Directors are responsible for reviewing the fees and expenses of the Corporation at least annually or with sufficient frequency to determine that the expenses incurred are reasonable in light of the investment performance of the Corporation, its Net Assets, its Net Income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. Each such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Independent Directors also will be responsible for reviewing, from time to time and at least annually, the performance of the Advisor and determining that compensation to be paid to the Advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed. The Independent Directors shall also supervise the performance of the Advisor and the compensation paid to the Advisor by the Corporation in order to determine that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement are being carried out. Specifically, the Independent Directors will consider factors such as (a) the amount of the fee paid to the Advisor in relation to the size, composition and performance

 

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of the Assets, (b) the success of the Advisor in generating opportunities that meet the investment objectives of the Corporation, (c) rates charged to other REITs and to investors other than REITs by advisors performing the same or similar services, (d) additional revenues realized by the Advisor and its Affiliates through their relationship with the Corporation, including loan administration, underwriting or broker commissions, servicing, engineering, inspection and other fees, whether paid by the Corporation or by others with whom the Corporation does business, (e) the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by the Advisor, (f) the performance of the Assets, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations, and (g) the quality of the Assets relative to the investments generated by the Advisor for its own account. The Independent Directors may also consider all other factors that they deem relevant, and the findings of the Independent Directors on each of the factors considered shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board. The Board shall determine whether any successor Advisor possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function for the Corporation and whether the compensation provided for in its contract with the Corporation is justified.

Section 9.3 Fiduciary Obligations. The Advisor shall have a fiduciary responsibility and duty to the Corporation and to the Stockholders.

Section 9.4 Affiliation and Functions. The Board, by resolution or in the Bylaws, may provide guidelines, provisions or requirements concerning the affiliation and functions of the Advisor.

Section 9.5 Termination. Either a majority of the Independent Directors or the Advisor may terminate the Advisory Agreement on 60 days’ written notice without cause or penalty, and, in such event, the Advisor will cooperate with the Corporation and the Board in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.

Section 9.6 Real Estate Commission on Sale of Property. Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation may pay the Advisor a real estate commission upon Sale of one or more Properties, in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) one-half of the Competitive Real Estate Commission, or (b) three percent of the Sale price of such Property or Properties. Payment of such fee may be made only if the Advisor provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the Sale of a Property or Properties, as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors. In addition, the amount paid when added to all other real estate commissions paid to unaffiliated parties in connection with such Sale shall not exceed the lesser of the Competitive Real Estate Commission or an amount equal to six percent of the sales price of such Property or Properties.

Section 9.7 Operating Partnership Interests. The Sponsor or an Affiliate of the Sponsor has made a capital contribution of $200,000 to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units. The Sponsor or any such Affiliate may not sell this initial investment while the Sponsor remains a Sponsor but may transfer the initial investment to other Affiliates. Income Property Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or one or more of its Affiliates, has made a capital contribution of $1,000 to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units constituting a separate series of partnership interests (the “Special OP Units”). The holder of the Special OP Units will be entitled to distributions from the Operating Partnership in an amount

 

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equal to 15% of the Net Sales Proceeds after the holders of regular partnership interests have received cumulative distributions from the Operating Partnership from operating income, sales proceeds or other sources equal to their capital contributions to the Operating Partnership plus a 6.0% cumulative, non-compounded annualized pre-tax return thereon. Upon the earliest to occur of the termination or nonrenewal of the Advisory Agreement for “cause” (as defined in the Advisory Agreement), a Termination Event or a Listing (unless the holder of the Special OP Units otherwise elects to convert the Special OP Units into OP Units upon a Listing), all of the Special OP Units shall be redeemed by the Operating Partnership. In the case of a redemption upon a Termination Event or a Listing, the Special OP Units shall be redeemed for an aggregate amount equal to the Net Sales Proceeds that would have been distributed to the holders of the Special OP Units in accordance with the second preceding sentence if all Assets of the Operating Partnership had been sold for their fair market value and all liabilities of the Operating Partnership had been satisfied in full according to their terms. In determining the fair market value of the Assets of the Operating Partnership, (a) in connection with a Termination Event, the Corporation shall obtain an appraisal of the Assets of the Operating Partnership (excluding any Assets which may be readily marked to market), and (b) in connection with a Listing, the Corporation shall make such determination taking into account the market value of the Corporation’s Listed Shares based upon the average closing price, or average of bid and asked prices, as the case may be, during a period of 30 days during which such Shares are traded beginning 150 days after Listing. The payment to the holder of the Special Units upon a Termination Event or a Listing shall be paid in cash upon such Termination Event or Listing; provided, however that if the Board determines that such payment will impair the capital of the Corporation, such payment shall consist of a promissory note bearing interest at a competitive rate that will be repaid pursuant to the terms thereof, including using the entire net proceeds of each Sale of an Asset or Assets of the Operating Partnership in connection with or following the occurrence of the Termination Event or Listing. Upon conversion of the Special OP Units at the election of the holder of the Special OP Units in connection with a Listing, the holder of the Special OP Units will receive an amount of OP Units with a value equal to the payment that would have been paid upon a redemption of the Special OP Units, assuming each OP Unit has a value equal to one share of common stock at the time of the Listing. If the holder of the Special OP Units elects to convert the Special OP Units into OP Units in connection with a Listing, the holder of the Special OP Units shall retain the right to have its OP Units redeemed for an amount calculated in accordance with the provisions of this Section 9.7 regarding the redemption of Special OP Units in connection with a Listing (substituting OP Units for Special OP Units). Such cash payments, payments under a promissory note or conversion of the Special OP Units into OP Units, as applicable, may not be made until aggregate, cumulative distributions have been made (or have been deemed to have been made) to the holders of regular partnership interests from the Operating Partnership from operating income, sales proceeds and other sources in an amount equal to their capital contributions to the Operating Partnership plus a 6.0% cumulative non-compounded annual pre-tax return thereon. If the Advisory Agreement is terminated or not renewed by the Corporation for “cause” (as defined in the Advisory Agreement), the Special OP Units will be redeemed by the Operating Partnership for $1. There shall be a corresponding allocation of profits of the Operating Partnership made to the holder of the Special OP Units in connection with the amounts payable hereunder.

 

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Section 9.8 Organization and Offering Expenses Limitation. Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall reimburse the Advisor and its Affiliates for Organization and Offering Expenses incurred by the Advisor or its Affiliates; provided, however, that the total amount of all Organization and Offering Expenses shall be reasonable and shall in no event exceed 15% of the Gross Proceeds of each Offering.

Section 9.9 Acquisition Fees. Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation may pay the Advisor and its Affiliates fees for the review and evaluation of potential investments in Assets; provided, however, that the total of all Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses shall be reasonable, and shall not exceed an amount equal to six percent of the Contract Purchase Price or Total Project Cost (as applicable), provided, however, that a majority of the Board of Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction may approve fees and expenses in excess of this limit if they determine the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to the Corporation.

Section 9.10 Reimbursement for Total Operating Expenses. Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, for any year in which the Corporation qualifies as a REIT, the Corporation shall not reimburse the Advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter for Total Operating Expenses that, in the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended (the “Expense Year”) exceed (the “Excess Amount”) the greater of 2% of Average Invested Assets or 25% of Net Income (the “2%/25% Guidelines”) for such year. Any Excess Amount paid to the Advisor during a fiscal quarter shall be repaid to the Corporation or, at the option of the Corporation, subtracted from the Total Operating Expenses reimbursed during the subsequent fiscal quarter unless a majority of the Independent Directors determine that such excess was justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors which they deem sufficient, then the Excess Amount may be paid and within 60 days after the end of such Expense Year there shall be sent to the holders of Common Shares a written disclosure of such fact, together with an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in determining that such excess expenses were justified. Such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors. All figures used in the foregoing computation shall be determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis.

Section 9.11 Payment of Other Fees and Expenses and Reimbursement Limitation. The Corporation may pay to the Advisor and its Affiliates any additional fees and expenses that are deemed fair and reasonable to the Corporation by the Board of Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors). The Corporation shall not reimburse the Advisor or its Affiliates for services for which the Advisor or its Affiliates are entitled to compensation in the form of a separate fee.

ARTICLE X

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND LIMITATIONS

Section 10.1 Review of Policies. The Independent Directors shall review the investment policies of the Corporation with sufficient frequency (and, upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, not less often than annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Corporation are in the best interests of its Stockholders. Each such determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of the Board.

 

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Section 10.2 Certain Permitted Investments. Until such time as the Common Shares are Listed, the following provisions shall apply:

(a) The Corporation may invest in Assets.

(b) The Corporation may invest in Joint Ventures with the Sponsor, Advisor, one or more Directors or any Affiliate, only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction, approve such investment as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on terms and conditions that are no less favorable than those that would be available to unaffiliated parties.

(c) Subject to any limitations in Section 10.3, the Corporation may invest in equity securities; provided that if such equity securities are not traded on a national securities exchange, such investment shall only be permitted if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.

Section 10.3 Investment Limitations. Until such time as the Common Shares are Listed or this Charter is amended, the following investment limitations shall apply. In addition to other investment restrictions imposed by the Board from time to time, consistent with the Corporation’s objective of qualifying as a REIT, the following shall apply to the Corporation’s investments:

(a) Not more than ten percent of the Corporation’s total assets shall be invested in Unimproved Real Property or indebtedness secured by a deed of trust or mortgage loans on Unimproved Real Property.

(b) The Corporation shall not invest in commodities or commodity future contracts. This limitation is not intended to apply to futures contracts, when used solely for hedging purposes in connection with the Corporation’s ordinary business.

(c) The Corporation shall not invest in or make any Mortgage (excluding any investment in mortgage programs, commercial mortgage-backed securities or residential mortgage-backed securities) unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property, except for those Mortgages insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency. In cases in which a majority of Independent Directors so determine, and in all cases in which the transaction is with the Advisor, Sponsor, Directors, or any Affiliates thereof, such appraisal of the underlying property must be obtained from an Independent Appraiser. Such appraisal shall be maintained in the Corporation’s records for at least five years and shall be available for inspection and duplication by any holder of Common Shares for a reasonable charge. In addition to the appraisal, a mortgagee’s or owner’s title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the Mortgage or condition of the title must be obtained.

 

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(d) The Corporation shall not make or invest in any Mortgage (excluding any investment in mortgage programs, commercial mortgage-backed securities or residential mortgage-backed securities), including a construction loan, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans secured by on the property, including the Mortgages of the Corporation, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of the property as determined by appraisal unless substantial justification exists because of the presence of other underwriting criteria. For purposes of this subsection, the “aggregate amount of all mortgage loans secured by the property, including the Mortgages of the Corporation” shall include all interest (excluding contingent participation in income and/or appreciation in value of the mortgaged property), the current payment of which may be deferred pursuant to the terms of such loans, to the extent that deferred interest on each loan exceeds five percent per annum of the principal balance of the loan.

(e) The Corporation shall not invest in indebtedness secured by a Mortgage on Real Property which is subordinate to the lien or other indebtedness of the Advisor, any Director, the Sponsor or any Affiliate of the Corporation.

(f) The Corporation shall not issue (i) equity Securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder (except that Stockholders may offer their Common Shares to the Corporation pursuant to any repurchase plan adopted by the Board on terms outlined in the Prospectus relating to any Offering, as such plan is thereafter amended in accordance with its terms); (ii) debt Securities unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt as determined by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer of the Corporation; (iii) equity Securities on a deferred payment basis or under similar arrangements; or (iv) options or warrants to the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof except on the same terms, if any, as such options or warrants are sold to the general public. Options or warrants may be issued to persons other than the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof, but not at exercise prices less than the fair market value of the underlying Securities on the date of grant and not for consideration (which may include services) that in the judgment of the Independent Directors has a market value less than the value of such option or warrant on the date of grant. Options or warrants issuable to the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof shall not exceed ten percent of the outstanding Shares on the date of grant.

(g) A majority of the Directors or of the members of a duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors shall authorize the consideration to be paid for Real Property, ordinarily based on the fair market value of the Real Property. If a majority of the Independent Directors on the Board of Directors or such duly authorized committee determine, or if the Real Property is acquired from the Advisor, a Director, the Sponsor or their Affiliates, such fair market value shall be determined by a qualified Independent Appraiser selected by such Independent Directors.

(h) The aggregate Leverage shall be reasonable in relation to the Net Assets and shall be reviewed by the Board at least quarterly. The maximum amount of such Leverage in relation to Net Assets shall not exceed 300%. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Leverage may exceed such limit if any excess in borrowing over such level is approved by a majority of the Independent Directors. Any such excess borrowing shall be disclosed to Stockholders in the next quarterly report of the Corporation following such borrowing, along with justification for such excess.

 

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(i) The Corporation will not make any investment that the Corporation believes will be inconsistent with its objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until the Board determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in the best interests of the Corporation.

(j) The Corporation shall not invest in real estate contracts of sale unless such contracts of sale are in recordable form and appropriately recorded in the chain of title.

ARTICLE XI

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Section 11.1 Sales and Leases to Corporation. The Corporation may purchase or lease an Asset or Assets from the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliate thereof upon a finding by a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to the Corporation and at a price to the Corporation no greater than the cost of the Asset to such Sponsor, Advisor, Director or Affiliate, or, if the price to the Corporation is in excess of such cost, that substantial justification for such excess exists and such excess is reasonable. In no event shall the purchase price paid by the Corporation for any such Asset exceed the Asset’s current appraised value.

Section 11.2 Sales and Leases to the Sponsor, Advisor, Directors or Affiliates. An Advisor, Sponsor, Director or Affiliate thereof may purchase or lease Assets from the Corporation if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to the Corporation.

Section 11.3 Other Transactions.

(a) The Corporation shall not make loans to the Sponsor, Advisor, Directors or any Affiliates thereof except Mortgages pursuant to Section 10.3(c) hereof or loans to wholly owned subsidiaries of the Corporation. The Corporation may not borrow money from the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliates thereof, unless approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve such transaction as fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable to the Corporation than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this Charter, the Corporation shall not engage in any other transaction with the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliates thereof unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve such transaction as fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on terms and conditions no less favorable to the Corporation in relation to the services being performed.

 

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ARTICLE XII

STOCKHOLDERS

Section 12.1 Meetings. There shall be an annual meeting of the Stockholders, to be held on such date and at such time and place as shall be determined by or in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws, at which the Directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be conducted; provided that such annual meeting will be held upon reasonable notice and within a reasonable period (not less than 30 days) following delivery of the annual report. The holders of a majority of Shares entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present, may, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, vote to elect the Directors. A quorum shall be the presence in person or by proxy of Stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter. Special meetings of Stockholders may be called in the manner provided in the Bylaws, including by the president or the chairman of the board or by a majority of the Directors or a majority of the Independent Directors, and shall be called by the secretary of the Corporation upon the written request of the holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Notice of any special meeting of Stockholders shall be given as provided in the Bylaws, and the special meeting shall be held not less than 15 days nor more than 60 days after the delivery of such notice. If the meeting is called by written request of Stockholders as described in this Section 12.1, notice of the special meeting shall be sent to all Stockholders within ten days of the receipt of the written request and the special meeting shall be held at the time and place specified in the Stockholder request; provided, however, that if none is so specified, at such time and place convenient to the Stockholders. If there are no Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall promptly call a special meeting of the Stockholders entitled to vote for the election of successor Directors. Any meeting may be adjourned and reconvened as the Board may determine or as otherwise provided in the Bylaws.

Section 12.2 Voting Rights of Stockholders. Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares then outstanding and the mandatory provisions of any applicable laws or regulations, the Stockholders shall be entitled to vote only on the following matters: (a) election or removal of Directors, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, as provided in Sections 12.1, 8.4 and 8.11 hereof; (b) amendment of the Charter, as provided in Article XIV hereof; (c) dissolution of the Corporation; (d) merger or consolidation of the Corporation into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets; and (e) such other matters with respect to which the Board of Directors has adopted a resolution declaring that a proposed action is advisable and directing that the matter be submitted to the Stockholders for approval or ratification. Except with respect to the foregoing matters, no action taken by the Stockholders at any meeting shall in any way bind the Board. Without the approval of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter, the Board may not (i) amend the Charter to materially and adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Stockholders; (ii) amend provisions of the Charter relating to Director qualifications, fiduciary duties, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions; (iii) liquidate or dissolve the Corporation other than before the initial investment in Property; (iv) sell all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets other than in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise permitted by law; or (v) cause the merger or similar reorganization of the Corporation, except as permitted by law.

 

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Section 12.3 Voting Limitations on Shares Held by the Advisor, Directors and Affiliates. With respect to Shares owned by the Advisor, any Director, or any of their Affiliates, neither the Advisor, nor such Director, nor any of their Affiliates may vote or consent on matters submitted to the Stockholders regarding the removal of the Advisor, such Director or any of their Affiliates or any transaction between the Corporation and any of them. In determining the requisite percentage in interest of Shares necessary to approve a matter on which the Advisor, such Director and any of their Affiliates may not vote or consent, any Shares owned by any of them shall not be included.

Section 12.4 Right of Inspection. Any Stockholder and any designated representative thereof shall be permitted access to the records of the Corporation to which it is entitled under applicable law at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them. Inspection of the Corporation’s books and records by the office or agency administering the securities laws of a jurisdiction shall be provided upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours.

Section 12.5 Access to Stockholder List. An alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone numbers of the Stockholders, along with the number of Shares held by each of them (the “Stockholder List”), shall be maintained as part of the books and records of the Corporation and shall be available for inspection by any Stockholder or the Stockholder’s designated agent at the home office of the Corporation upon the request of the Stockholder. The Stockholder List shall be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. A copy of the Stockholder List shall be mailed to any Stockholder so requesting within ten days of receipt by the Corporation of the request. The copy of the Stockholder List shall be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size (in no event smaller than ten-point type). The Corporation may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproduction pursuant to the Stockholder request. A Stockholder may request a copy of the Stockholder List in connection with matters relating to Stockholders’ voting rights, and the exercise of Stockholder rights under federal proxy laws.

If the Advisor or the Board neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the Stockholder List as requested, the Advisor and/or the Board, as the case may be, shall be liable to any Stockholder requesting the Stockholder List for the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by that Stockholder for compelling the production of the Stockholder List, and for actual damages suffered by any Stockholder by reason of such refusal or neglect. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the Stockholder List is to secure the Stockholder List or other information for the purpose of selling the Stockholder List or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose, including a tender offer or “mini-tender” offer for the Corporation’s Shares, other than in the interest of the applicant as a Stockholder relative to the affairs of the Corporation. The Corporation may require the Stockholder requesting the Stockholder List to represent that the Stockholder List is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the Stockholder’s interest in the Corporation. The remedies provided hereunder to Stockholders requesting copies of the Stockholder List are in addition, to and shall not in any way limit, other remedies available to Stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state.

 

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Section 12.6 Reports. The Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall take reasonable steps to insure that the Corporation shall cause to be prepared and mailed or delivered to each Stockholder as of a record date after the end of the fiscal year and each holder of other publicly held Securities within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which it relates an annual report for each fiscal year ending after the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering that shall include: (a) financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which are audited and reported on by independent certified public accountants; (b) the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the period to the capital raised; (c) the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of other fees paid to the Advisor and any Affiliate of the Advisor by the Corporation and including fees or charges paid to the Advisor and any Affiliate of the Advisor by third parties doing business with the Corporation; (d) the Total Operating Expenses of the Corporation, stated as a percentage of Average Invested Assets and as a percentage of its Net Income; (e) a report from the Independent Directors that the policies being followed by the Corporation are in the best interests of its Stockholders and the basis for such determination; and (f) separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving the Corporation, Directors, Advisors, Sponsors and any Affiliate thereof occurring in the year for which the annual report is made, and the Independent Directors shall be specifically charged with a duty to examine and comment in the report on the fairness of such transactions.

Section 12.7 Tender Offers. If any Person makes a tender offer, including, without limitation, a “mini-tender” offer, such Person must comply with all of the provisions set forth in Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, disclosure and notice requirements, that would be applicable if the tender offer was for more than five percent of the outstanding Shares; provided, however, that such documents are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, any such Person must provide notice to the Corporation at least ten business days prior to initiating any such tender offer. If any Person initiates a tender offer without complying with the provisions set forth above (a “Non-Compliant Tender Offer”), the Corporation, in its sole discretion, shall have the right, but not the obligation, to redeem such non-compliant Person’s Shares and any Shares acquired in such tender offer (collectively, the “Tendered Shares”) at the lesser of (i) the price then being paid per Share of Common Stock purchased in the Corporation’s latest Offering at full purchase price (not discounted for commission reductions or for reductions in sale price permitted pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan), (ii) the fair market value of the Shares as determined by an independent valuation obtained by the Corporation or (iii) the lowest tender offer price offered in such Non-Compliant Tender Offer. The Corporation may purchase such Tendered Shares upon delivery of the purchase price to the Person initiating such Non-Compliant Tender Offer and, upon such delivery, the Corporation may instruct any transfer agent to transfer such purchased Shares to the Corporation. In addition, any Person who makes a Non-Compliant Tender Offer shall be responsible for all expenses incurred by the Corporation in connection with the enforcement of the provisions of this Section 12.7, including, without limitation, expenses incurred in connection with the review of all documents related to such tender offer and expenses incurred in connection with any purchase of Tendered Shares by the Corporation. The Corporation maintains the right to offset any such expenses against the dollar amount to be paid by the Corporation for the purchase of Tendered Shares pursuant to this Section 12.7. In addition to the remedies provided herein, the Corporation may seek injunctive relief, including, without limitation, a temporary or permanent restraining order, in connection with any Non-Compliant Tender Offer. This Section 12.7 shall be of no force or effect with respect to any Shares that are then Listed.

 

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ARTICLE XIII

LIABILITY LIMITATION AND INDEMNIFICATION

Section 13.1 Limitation of Stockholder Liability. No Stockholder shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to the Corporation by reason of his being a Stockholder, nor shall any Stockholder be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any Person in connection with the Assets or the affairs of the Corporation by reason of his being a Stockholder.

Section 13.2 Limitation of Director and Officer Liability.

(a) Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law or in paragraph (b), no Director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its Stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 12.2(a), nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Section 12.2(a), shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Corporation shall not provide that a Director, the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Advisor (the “Indemnitee”) be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Corporation, unless all of the following conditions are met:

(i) The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.

(ii) The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.

(iii) Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Director (other than an Independent Director), the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Director.

(iv) Such agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of Net Assets and not from the Stockholders.

Section 13.3 Indemnification.

(a) Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law or in paragraph (b) or (c) below, the Corporation shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any individual who is a present or

 

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former Director or officer of the Corporation and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, (ii) any individual who, while a Director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (iii) the Advisor of any of its Affiliates acting as an agent of the Corporation. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided hereby shall vest immediately upon election of a Director or officer. The Corporation may, with the approval of the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a Person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (i) or (ii) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation. The Board may take such action as is necessary to carry out this Section 12.3(a). No amendment of the Charter or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the right of indemnification provided hereunder with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Corporation shall not provide for indemnification of an Indemnitee for any liability or loss suffered by such Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met:

(i) The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.

(ii) The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.

(iii) Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Director (other than an Independent Director), the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Director.

(iv) Such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of Net Assets and not from the Stockholders.

(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Corporation shall not provide indemnification for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations as to the Indemnitee, (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which Securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.

 

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Section 13.4 Payment of Expenses. The Corporation may pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only if all of the following are satisfied: (a) the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Corporation, (b) the Indemnitee provides the Corporation with written affirmation of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the Indemnitee has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Corporation as authorized by Section 13.3 hereof, (c) the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or, if by a Stockholder of the Corporation acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement, and (d) the Indemnitee provides the Corporation with a written agreement to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Corporation, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that the Indemnitee did not comply with the requisite standard of conduct and is not entitled to indemnification.

Section 13.5 Express Exculpatory Clauses in Instruments. Neither the Stockholders nor the Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation shall be liable under any written instrument creating an obligation of the Corporation by reason of their being Stockholders, Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation, and all Persons shall look solely to the Corporation’s assets for the payment of any claim under or for the performance of that instrument. The omission of the foregoing exculpatory language from any instrument shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such instrument and shall not render any Stockholder, Director, officer, employee or agent liable thereunder to any third party, nor shall the Directors or any officer, employee or agent of the Corporation be liable to anyone as a result of such omission.

ARTICLE XIV

AMENDMENTS

The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to the Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any Shares. All rights and powers conferred by the Charter on Stockholders, Directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation. Except for those amendments permitted to be made without Stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in the Charter, any amendment to the Charter shall be valid only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, including without limitation, (a) any amendment which would adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Stockholders and (b) any amendment to Sections 8.2, 8.5 and 8.11 of Article VIII, Article X, Article XI, Article XIII and Article XV hereof and this Article XIV (or any other amendment of the Charter that would have the effect of amending such sections).

 

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ARTICLE XV

ROLL-UP TRANSACTIONS

In connection with any proposed Roll-Up Transaction, an appraisal of all of the Corporation’s assets shall be obtained from a competent Independent Appraiser. The Corporation’s assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal shall be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and shall indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-Up Transaction. The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of the assets over a twelve-month period. The terms of the engagement of the Independent Appraiser shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of the Corporation and the Stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to Stockholders in connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction. In connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction, the Person sponsoring the Roll-Up Transaction shall offer to holders of Common Shares who vote against the proposed Roll-Up Transaction the choice of:

(a) accepting the securities of a Roll-Up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-Up Transaction; or

(b) one of the following:

(i) remaining as Stockholders and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or

(ii) receiving cash in an amount equal to the Stockholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of the Net Assets.

The Corporation is prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-Up Transaction:

(a) that would result in the holders of Common Shares having voting rights in a Roll-Up Entity that are less than the rights provided for in Sections 12.1 and 12.2 hereof;

(b) that includes provisions that would operate as a material impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of Shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-Up Entity (except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-Up Entity), or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-Up Entity on the basis of the number of Shares held by that investor;

(c) in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-Up Entity will be less than those described in Sections 12.4 and 12.5 hereof; or

(d) in which any of the costs of the Roll-Up Transaction would be borne by the Corporation if the Roll-Up Transaction is rejected by the holders of Common Shares.

 

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THIRD: The amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation as hereinabove set forth has been duly advised by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders of the Corporation as required by law.

FOURTH: The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

FIFTH: The name and address of the Corporation’s current resident agent is as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

SIXTH: The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article VIII of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

SEVENTH: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation had authority to issue immediately prior to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation was 1,000, consisting of 1,000 shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all shares of stock having par value was $10.

EIGHTH: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue pursuant to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation is 1,200,000,000, consisting of 1,000,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, and 200,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $12,000,000.

NINTH: The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned acknowledges that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its President and attested to by its Secretary on this      day of                     .

 

ATTEST:     INCOME PROPERTY TRUST OF THE AMERICAS INC.

 

   

 

  (SEAL)
Name: Joshua J. Widoff     Name: John A. Blumberg  
Title: Secretary     Title: President  

 

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