Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

Fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

US GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy utilized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, are as follows:


		(Level 1)		(Level 2)
		Quoted		Significant		(Level 3)
		Prices in Active		Other		Significant
		Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
Description	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Total

		(In Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	-	$	16,670	$	-	$	16,670
U.S. Government agency obligations		-		32,325		-		32,325
Municipal bonds		-		55,866		-		55,866
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) -
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial		-		426		-		426
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) -
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		-		206,603		-		206,603
September 30, 2022 Securities available for sale	$	-	$	311,890	$	-	$	311,890

U.S. Government agency obligations		-		28,858		-		28,858
Municipal bonds		-		61,104		-		61,104
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) -
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial		-		530		-		530
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) -
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		-		219,772		-		219,772
December 31, 2021 Securities available for sale	$	-	$	310,264	$	-	$	310,264

The fair value of securities available for sale are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things.

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, are as follows:


		(Level 1)		(Level 2)
		Quoted		Significant		(Level 3)
		Prices in Active		Other		Significant
		Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
Description	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Total
		(In Thousands)
September 30, 2022 Impaired loans	$	-	$	-	$	901	$	901
December 31, 2021 Impaired loans	$	-	$	-	$	916	$	916

Impaired loans are those that are accounted for under existing Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance, in which the Bank has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. Fair values may also include qualitative adjustments by management based on economic conditions and liquidation expenses. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

At September 30, 2022, of the impaired loans having an aggregate balance of $3.1 million, $2.0 million did not require a valuation allowance because the value of the collateral, including estimated selling costs, securing the loan was determined to meet or exceed

the balance owed on the loan. Of the remaining $1.0 million in impaired loans, an aggregate valuation allowance of $147 thousand was required to reflect what was determined to be a shortfall in the value of the collateral as compared to the balance on such loans.

Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are to be sold and are carried at fair value less estimated cost to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices or appraised value of the property. These assets would be included in Level 3 fair value based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, the Company had no real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure.

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:



	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Description	Fair Value ‎Estimate		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Input	Range ‎(Weighted Average)

		(Dollars In Thousands)
September 30, 2022:
Impaired loans	$	901	Appraisal of collateral and	Appraisal adjustments (1)	0% to -25% (-22.8%)
			pending agreement of sale	Liquidation expenses (2)	0% to -8.5% (-7.7%)
December 31, 2021:
Impaired loans	$	916	Appraisal of collateral and	Appraisal adjustments (1)	0% to -25% (-22.8%)
			pending agreement of sale	Liquidation expenses (2)	0% to -8.5% (-7.7%)

1.Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors including economic conditions and the age of the appraisal. The range and weighted average of appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

2.Appraisals and pending agreements of sale are adjusted by management for liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expense adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal or pending agreement of sale.

‎

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:



						(Level 1)
						Quoted		(Level 2)
						Prices in		Significant		(Level 3)
						Active		Other		Significant
		Carrying		Fair Value		Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
		Amount		Estimate		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs

	(In Thousands)
September 30, 2022:
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	72,199	$	72,199	$	72,199	$	-	$	-
Securities available-for-sale		311,890		311,890		-		311,890		-
Loans receivable, net of allowance		1,169,816		1,130,167		-		-		1,130,167
Paycheck Protection Program loans receivable		290		258		-		-		258
Restricted investments in bank stock		995		995		-		995		-
Accrued interest receivable		2,787		2,787		-		2,787		-
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		1,507,067		1,503,812		-		1,503,812		-
Securities sold under agreements to
repurchase and federal funds purchased		14,947		14,947		-		14,947		-
Accrued interest payable		517		517		-		517		-
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to grant loans		-		-		-		-		-
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit		-		-		-		-		-
Standby letters of credit		-		-		-		-		-

December 31, 2021:
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	169,692	$	169,692	$	169,692	$	-	$	-
Securities available-for-sale		310,264		310,264		-		310,264		-
Loans receivable, net of allowance		1,096,555		1,141,467		-		-		1,141,467
Paycheck Protection Program loans receivable		8,568		8,163				-		8,163
Restricted investments in bank stock		1,424		1,424		-		1,424		-
Accrued interest receivable		2,603		2,603		-		2,603		-
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		1,467,025		1,467,938		-		1,467,938		-
Securities sold under agreements to
repurchase and federal funds purchased		11,252		11,252		-		11,252		-
Long-term borrowings		14,651		14,665		-		-		14,665
Accrued interest payable		652		652		-		652		-
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to grant loans		-		-		-		-		-
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit		-		-		-		-		-
Standby letters of credit		-		-		-		-		-

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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