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Stock-based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based Compensation Stock-based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations: 
 Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 202420232022
Cost of revenue$43,995 $43,378 $36,836 
General and administrative expenses50,987 36,894 32,948 
Total$94,982 $80,272 $69,784 
The following table summarizes the total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations by the following types of equity awards, including stock options, time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards. Compensation expense for performance-based awards is estimated at each reporting date using management's expectation of the probable achievement of the specified performance criteria of each tranche during the respective performance periods:
 Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 202420232022
Equity Incentive Plan Options$1,319 $2,550 $1,793 
Restricted Stock and Other Awards93,663 77,722 67,991 
Total$94,982 $80,272 $69,784 
As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, there was $62.3 million and $50.9 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation agreements. The unrecognized compensation cost as of March 31, 2024 is expected to be fully amortized over the next five years. Absent the effect of forfeiture or acceleration of stock compensation cost for departures of employees, the following tables summarize the unrecognized compensation cost and the weighted average period the cost is expected to be amortized (excludes any future award): 
Unrecognized Compensation CostWeighted Average Remaining Period to be Recognized
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Equity Incentive Plan Options$2,592 $3,495 3.63.7
Restricted Stock and Other Awards59,706 47,451 1.71.8
Total$62,298 $50,946 
Equity Incentive Plan
Awards under the Company's Equity Incentive Plan (the “EIP”) may be made in the form of stock options; stock purchase rights; restricted stock; restricted stock units; performance shares; performance units; stock appreciation rights; deferred share units; dividend equivalents; and other stock-based awards. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 6.0 million and 7.7 million shares, respectively, available for future grant under the EIP.
Stock Options
Stock options under the EIP are granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors or its Compensation, Culture and People Committee and expire ten years from the grant date. Stock options generally vest in equal installments over a five-year period subject to the grantee’s continued service on each applicable vesting. All options under the EIP are exercisable, upon vesting, for shares of Class A Common Stock of Holding.
As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, 0.2 million and 0.4 million options were unvested under the EIP, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $18.45 and $15.61, respectively. There were 0.8 million and 1.1 million EIP options outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $67.98 and $60.55, respectively.
Annual Incentive Plans
On October 1, 2010, the Board of Directors adopted an Annual Incentive Plan, or AIP, in connection with the initial public offering to more appropriately align the Company’s compensation programs with those of similarly situated companies. The amount of the annual incentive payment is determined based on performance targets established by the Board and a portion of the bonus may be paid in the form of equity (including stock and other awards under the EIP). Such equity awards vest over a three-year period subject to the employee’s continued service to the Company. The related expense is recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations based on grant date fair value over the vesting period of three years.
The Company maintains annual incentive programs for officers and key employees. The equity compensation would be issued in the form of restricted stock units of which a portion would vest based on the passage of time, and the other portion would vest based on specified performance conditions to be achieved over a specified time period. A restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Class A Common Stock upon vesting. Service-based restricted stock units vest in equal installments over a three-year period subject to the grantee's continued service on each applicable vesting date and are settled for shares of Class A Common Stock. Dividend equivalents are paid in respect of the service-based restricted stock units when dividends are paid on the Company's Class A Common Stock. The related expense is recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations based on grant date fair value over the vesting period.
Performance-based awards vest at the end of a three-year period, subject to certain specified financial performance criteria, the grantee's continued service through the period, and certification of final performance by the Compensation, Culture and People Committee of the Board of Directors. The performance-based awards granted during fiscal 2024 included additional market conditions related to the Company’s total shareholder return relative to its peer group over the three-year performance period. The Company recognizes compensation expense for these performance-based awards with market conditions based on the grant-date fair value calculated using a Monte Carlo model. These awards are settled for Class A Common Stock and dividend equivalents. Compensation expense for performance-based awards during the performance period is estimated at each reporting date using management's expectation of the probable achievement of the specified performance criteria.
The Company also issues equity awards under other programs in the form of restricted stock units that would vest immediately after issuance or over an applicable vesting period subject to the employee's continued service for the Company. The associated expenses are recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations based on grant date fair value.
Grants of Class A Restricted Common Stock and Restricted Stock Units
During fiscal 2024, the Board of Directors granted an aggregate of 1.0 million Restricted Stock Units with service-based and performance-based vesting conditions to existing officers, vice presidents, and other employees and non-employees of the Company, as well as to newly promoted and hired partners and vice presidents. The awards will vest based on the applicable vesting period for the specific award subject to the employees' continued employment with the Company. The Board also granted Class A Restricted Common Stock to members of the Board during fiscal 2024. These awards generally vest over one year.
The aggregate fair value of all awards issued during fiscal 2024 was $97.2 million and will be recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations over the applicable vesting period of the awards. The total fair value of restricted stock shares vested during fiscal 2024 and 2023 was $86.2 million and $70.2 million, respectively.
As permitted under the terms of the EIP, the Compensation, Culture and People Committee, as Administrator of the Plan, authorized the withholding of taxes not to exceed the minimum statutory withholding amount, through the surrender of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon the vesting or accelerated vesting of Restricted Stock. As a result of these transactions, the Company repurchased 0.3 million shares and recorded them as treasury shares at a total cost of $42.3 million in fiscal 2024.
The following table summarizes unvested restricted stock activity for the periods presented:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested Restricted Stock Awards
Unvested at March 31, 2023
1,184,587 $87.08 
Granted982,447 98.94 
Vested949,651 90.79 
Forfeited106,720 96.81 
Unvested at March 31, 2024 (1)
1,110,663 $93.46 
(1) Unvested restricted stock includes 0.1 million shares of performance-based awards that completed the three-year performance period but remained unsettled at March 31, 2024, subject to the certification of final performance by the Compensation, Culture and People Committee of the Board of Directors.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company offers a tax qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, which is designed to enable eligible employees to periodically purchase shares of the Class A Common Stock at a five percent discount from the fair market value of the Class A Common Stock. The ESPP provides for quarterly offering periods. For the year ended March 31, 2024, 0.2 million shares of Class A Common Stock were purchased by employees under the ESPP. Since the program's inception, 3.7 million shares have been purchased by employees of the total 10.0 million shares available.