UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________________________ 

FORM 10-Q

 ___________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to             

Commission File No. 001-34972

 ____________________________________________________________

Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 ___________________________________________________________

Delaware			26-2634160
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
8283 Greensboro Drive,	McLean,	Virginia	22102
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

(703) 902-5000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year if changed since last report.)

__________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock	BAH	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	Shares Outstanding as of 1/24/2023
Class A Common Stock	132,275,873

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I. Financial Information		1
ITEM 1	Financial Statements	1
ITEM 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
ITEM 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
ITEM 4	Controls and Procedures	40
PART II. Other Information		41
ITEM 1	Legal Proceedings	41
ITEM 1A	Risk Factors	42
ITEM 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
ITEM 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	42
ITEM 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	42
ITEM 5	Other Information	42
ITEM 6	Exhibits	43

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements

INDEX TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	5
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
1. Business Overview	7
2. Basis of Presentation	7
3. Revenue	8
4. Earnings Per Share	10
5. Acquisitions, Divestitures and Goodwill	11
6. Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Expenses	13
7. Accrued Compensation and Benefits	13
8. Debt	13
9. Derivatives	16
10. Income Taxes	17
11. Employee Benefit Plans	17
12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	18
13. Stock Based Compensation	18
14. Fair Value Measurements	19
15. Commitments and Contingencies	20

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	370,939	$	695,910
Accounts receivable, net	1,807,776		1,622,989
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	106,651		126,777
Total current assets	2,285,366		2,445,676
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	192,306		202,229
Operating lease right-of-use assets	191,040		227,231
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization	714,861		646,682
Goodwill	2,337,584		2,021,931
Deferred tax assets	343,939		32,328
Other long-term assets	280,633		449,498
Total assets	$	6,345,729	$	6,025,575
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	41,250	$	68,379
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses	986,580		902,616
Accrued compensation and benefits	430,135		438,634
Operating lease liabilities	55,317		52,334
Other current liabilities	69,437		71,991
Total current liabilities	1,582,719		1,533,954
Long-term debt, net of current portion	2,780,461		2,731,693
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	199,439		247,070
Income tax reserves	425,603		79,176
Deferred tax liabilities	—		239,602
Other long-term liabilities	151,828		147,359
Total liabilities	5,140,050		4,978,854
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, Class A - $0.01 par value - authorized, 600,000,000 shares; issued, 165,262,848 shares at December 31, 2022 and 164,372,545 shares at March 31, 2022; outstanding, 132,355,835 shares at December 31, 2022 and 132,584,348 shares at March 31, 2022	1,653		1,646
Treasury stock, at cost — 32,907,013 shares at December 31, 2022 and 31,788,197 shares at March 31, 2022	(1,733,690)		(1,635,454)
Additional paid-in capital	733,022		656,222
Retained earnings	2,182,615		2,015,071
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	22,079		8,585
Total Booz Allen stockholders' equity	1,205,679		1,046,070
Non-controlling interest	—		651
Total stockholders’ equity	1,205,679		1,046,721
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	6,345,729	$	6,025,575

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue	$	2,277,074	$	2,030,520	$	6,825,650	$	6,125,624
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	1,043,474		929,568		3,175,897		2,840,044
Billable expenses	710,526		621,550		2,069,733		1,817,215
General and administrative expenses	422,388		262,614		969,064		826,606
Depreciation and amortization	42,046		39,576		121,200		104,923
Total operating costs and expenses	2,218,434		1,853,308		6,335,894		5,588,788
Operating income	58,640		177,212		489,756		536,836
Interest expense	(32,031)		(23,677)		(85,028)		(69,201)
Other income, net	14,619		5,401		38,121		11,716
Income before income taxes	41,228		158,936		442,849		479,351
Income tax expense	10,539		30,090		103,286		103,569
Net income	30,689		128,846		339,563		375,782
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	308		85		650		85
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	30,997	$	128,931	$	340,213	$	375,867
Earnings per common share (Note 4):
Basic	$	0.23	$	0.96	$	2.55	$	2.77
Diluted	$	0.23	$	0.95	$	2.54	$	2.76

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	30,689	$	128,846	$	339,563	$	375,782
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in unrealized gain on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	(62)		6,925		13,498		12,658
Change in postretirement plan costs	—		20		(4)		59
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(62)		6,945		13,494		12,717
Comprehensive income	30,627		135,791		353,057		388,499
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest	308		85		650		85
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	30,935	$	135,876	$	353,707	$	388,584

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	339,563	$	375,782
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	121,200		104,923
Noncash lease expense	41,632		41,718
Stock-based compensation expense	50,992		45,187
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,329		3,463
Loss on debt extinguishment	10,251		2,515
Gain on dispositions, and other	(45,711)		(3,564)
Gain associated with equity method investment activities	—		(12,761)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(169,375)		(150,156)
Deferred income taxes and income taxes receivable / payable	(206,065)		38,453
Prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets	178,383		(19,953)
Accrued compensation and benefits	2,815		(5,371)
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses	79,550		88,529
Other current and long-term liabilities	(40,890)		(27,614)
Net cash provided by operating activities	365,674		481,151
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property, equipment, and software	(51,398)		(51,608)
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(440,069)		(780,213)
Payments for cost method investments	(2,000)		(3,000)
Proceeds from sale of businesses	53,409		—
Other investing activities	—		(427)
Net cash used in investing activities	(440,058)		(835,248)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	18,003		17,240
Stock option exercises	10,705		3,558
Repurchases of common stock	(114,075)		(315,148)
Cash dividends paid	(173,216)		(151,664)
Repayments on revolving credit facility, term loans, and Senior Notes	(406,755)		(95,162)
Net proceeds from debt issuance	414,751		487,027
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	—		60,000
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(250,587)		5,851
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(324,971)		(348,246)
Cash and cash equivalents––beginning of period	695,910		990,955
Cash and cash equivalents––end of period	$	370,939	$	642,709
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Net cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	67,782	$	34,185
Income taxes	$	123,214	$	62,142

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)	Class A Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-Controlling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at September 30, 2022	165,110,617	$	1,651	(32,795,658)	$	(1,722,881)	$	706,620	$	2,208,952	$	22,141	$	2,052	$	1,218,535
Issuance of common stock	86,802	—		—	—		5,951		—		—		—		5,951
Stock options exercised	65,429	2		—	—		2,711		—		—		—		2,713
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		(111,355)	(10,809)		—		—		—		—		(10,809)
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		30,997		—		(308)		30,689
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		(62)		—		(62)
Dividends declared of $0.43 per share of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(57,334)		—		—		(57,334)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		18,890		—		—		—		18,890
Contribution to non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		(1,150)		—		—		1,150		—
De-consolidation of non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,894)		(2,894)
Balance at December 31, 2022	165,262,848	$	1,653	(32,907,013)	$	(1,733,690)	$	733,022	$	2,182,615	$	22,079	$	—	$	1,205,679
Balance at March 31, 2022	164,372,545	$	1,646	(31,788,197)	$	(1,635,454)	$	656,222	$	2,015,071	$	8,585	$	651	$	1,046,721
Issuance of common stock	590,027	4		—	—		17,999		—		—		—		18,003
Stock options exercised	300,276	3		—	—		10,702		—		—		—		10,705
Repurchase of common stock (1)	—	—		(1,118,816)	(98,236)		—		—		—		—		(98,236)
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		340,213		—		(650)		339,563
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		13,494		—		13,494
Dividends declared of $1.29 per share of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(172,669)		—		—		(172,669)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		50,992		—		—		—		50,992
Contribution to non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		(2,893)		—		—		2,893		—
De-consolidation of non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,894)		(2,894)
Balance at December 31, 2022	165,262,848	$	1,653	(32,907,013)	$	(1,733,690)	$	733,022	$	2,182,615	$	22,079	$	—	$	1,205,679

(1) During the nine months ended December 31, 2022, the Company purchased 1.0 million shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in a series of open market transactions for $86.4 million. Additionally, the Company repurchased shares for $11.8 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 to cover the minimum statutory withholding taxes on restricted stock units that vested on various dates during the period.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)	Class A Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-Controlling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at September 30, 2021	163,627,651	$	1,636	(29,302,541)	$	(1,433,136)	$	600,930	$	1,902,667	$	(23,999)	$	—	$	1,048,098
Issuance of common stock	79,085	1		—	—		5,713		—		—		—		5,714
Stock options exercised	15,230	—		—	—		542		—		—		—		542
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		(992,133)	(82,767)		—		—		—		—		(82,767)
Recognition of liability related to future restricted stock units vesting	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		128,931		—		(85)		128,846
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		6,945		—		6,945
Dividends paid of $0.37 per share of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(49,883)		—		—		(49,883)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		16,759		—		—		—		16,759
Contribution to non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		(3,312)		—		—		3,312		—
Balance at December 30, 2021	163,721,966	$	1,637	(30,294,674)	$	(1,515,903)	$	620,632	$	1,981,715	$	(17,054)	$	3,227	$	1,074,254
Balance at March 31, 2021	162,950,606	$	1,629	(26,704,577)	$	(1,216,163)	$	557,957	$	1,757,524	$	(29,771)	$	—	$	1,071,176
Issuance of common stock	637,766	7		—	—		16,030		—		—		—		16,037
Stock options exercised	133,594	1		—	—		3,557		—		—		—		3,558
Repurchase of common stock (2)	—	—		(3,590,097)	(299,740)		—		—		—		—		(299,740)
Recognition of liability related to future restricted stock units vesting	—	—		—	—		1,213		—		—		—		1,213
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		375,867		—		(85)		375,782
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		12,717		—		12,717
Dividends declared of $1.11 per share of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(151,676)		—		—		(151,676)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		45,187		—		—		—		45,187
Contribution to non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		(3,312)		—		—		3,312		—
Balance at December 30, 2021	163,721,966	$	1,637	(30,294,674)	$	(1,515,903)	$	620,632	$	1,981,715	$	(17,054)	$	3,227	$	1,074,254

(2) During the nine months ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased 3.4 million shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in a series of open market transactions for $286.3 million. Additionally, the Company repurchased shares for $13.4 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to cover the minimum statutory withholding taxes on restricted stock units that vested on various dates during the period.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

1. Business Overview

Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation, including its wholly owned subsidiaries, or the Company, we, us, and our, was incorporated in Delaware in May 2008. The Company provides management and technology consulting, analytics, engineering, digital solutions, mission operations, and cyber services to U.S. and international governments, major corporations, and not-for-profit organizations. The Company reports operating results and financial data in one reportable segment. The Company is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, with approximately 31,100 employees as of December 31, 2022.

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and should be read in conjunction with the information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022. The interim period unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented as described below. Certain information and disclosures normally required for annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented have been included. The Company’s fiscal year ends on March 31 and unless otherwise noted, references to fiscal year or fiscal are for fiscal years ended March 31. The results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year.

The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company include its subsidiaries, and other entities over which the Company has a controlling financial interest or where the Company is a primary beneficiary. The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in entities that it does not control if it is otherwise able to exert significant influence over the entities' operating and financial policies. Equity investments in entities over which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence and whose securities do not have a readily determinable fair value are carried at cost or cost net of other-than-temporary impairments.

Certain amounts reported in the Company's prior fiscal year condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current fiscal year presentation.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Areas of the financial statements where estimates may have the most significant effect include the provision for claimed indirect costs, valuation and lives of tangible and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, revenue recognition, including the accrual of indirect costs, bonus and other incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, reserves for uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, provisions for income taxes, postretirement obligations, collectability of receivables, and loss accruals for litigation. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially from management's estimates.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (“Topic 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The guidance is intended to provide relief for entities impacted by reference rate reform. Topic 848 contains provisions and optional accounting expedients designed to simplify requirements around the designation of hedging relationships, probability assessments of hedged forecasted transactions, and accounting for modifications of contracts that refer to LIBOR or other rates affected by reference rate reform. The guidance is elective and is effective on the date of issuance. Topic 848 is applied prospectively to contract modifications and as of the effective date for existing and new eligible hedging relationships. The Company has elected to apply the hedge accounting practical expedient related to the probability of hedged future LIBOR indexed cash flows and continues its quantitative method of assessing subsequent hedge effectiveness in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. Further, during the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company transitioned its term loans from LIBOR-indexed interest payments to Term SOFR-indexed interest payments in connection with the Ninth Amendment of the Credit Agreement. For its interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, the Company elected to apply certain of the accounting expedients to assume that the reference rates upon which hedged forecasted transactions will be based on match the LIBOR-indexed rates used in the Company's interest rate swaps consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of Topic 848 and may apply other elections, as applicable. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

7

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Accounting and reporting pronouncements effective after December 31, 2022 and issued through the filing date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue

The Company's revenues from contracts with customers (clients) are derived from offerings that include consulting, analytics, digital solutions, engineering, mission, and cyber services, substantially with the U.S. government and its agencies and, to a lesser extent, subcontractors. The Company also serves foreign governments, as well as domestic and international commercial clients. The Company performs under various types of contracts, which include cost-reimbursable contracts, time-and-materials contracts, and fixed-price contracts.

Contract Estimates

We recognize revenue for many of our contracts under a contract cost-based input method and require an Estimate-at-Completion (“EAC”) process, which management uses to review and monitor the progress towards the completion of our performance obligations. Under this process, management considers various inputs and assumptions related to the EAC, including, but not limited to, progress towards completion, labor costs and productivity, material and subcontractor costs, and identified risks. Estimating the total cost at the completion of our performance obligations is subjective and requires management to make assumptions about future activity and cost drivers under the contract. Changes in these estimates can occur for a variety of reasons and, if significant, may impact the revenue and profitability of the Company’s contracts. Changes in estimates related to contracts accounted for under the EAC process are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period when such changes are determinable and reasonably estimable. If the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on a contract, the Company recognizes the total loss at the time it is identified. For each of the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates was not material.

Disaggregation of Revenue

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by contract type, customer, as well as whether the Company acts as prime contractor or subcontractor, as we believe these categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by these categories.

Revenue by Contract Type:

We generate revenue under the following three basic types of contracts:

•Cost-Reimbursable Contracts: Cost-reimbursable contracts provide for the payment of allowable costs incurred during performance of the contract, up to a ceiling based on the amount that has been funded, plus a fixed fee or award fee.

•Time-and-Materials Contracts: Under contracts in this category, we are paid a fixed hourly rate for each direct labor hour expended, and we are reimbursed for billable material costs and billable out-of-pocket expenses inclusive of allocable indirect costs. We assume the financial risk on time-and-materials contracts because our costs of performance may exceed negotiated hourly rates.

•Fixed-Price Contracts: Under a fixed-price contract, we agree to perform the specified work for a predetermined price. To the extent our actual direct and allocated indirect costs decrease or increase from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit, respectively, or could incur a loss.

The table below presents the total revenue for each type of contract:

	Three Months Ended December 31,								Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2022				2021
Cost-reimbursable	$	1,211,589	53	%	$	1,079,893	53	%	$	3,603,824	53	%	$	3,322,507	54	%
Time-and-materials	572,491		25	%	484,718		24	%	1,682,831		25	%	1,482,431		24	%
Fixed-price	492,994		22	%	465,909		23	%	1,538,995		22	%	1,320,686		22	%
Total Revenue	$	2,277,074	100	%	$	2,030,520	100	%	$	6,825,650	100	%	$	6,125,624	100	%

8

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

Revenue by Customer Type:

	Three Months Ended December 31,								Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2022				2021
U.S. government(1):
Defense Clients	$	1,043,535	46	%	$	946,141	47	%	$	3,082,634	45	%	$	2,916,210	48	%
Intelligence Clients	419,227		18	%	369,345		18	%	1,260,653		18	%	1,144,933		18	%
Civil Clients	758,473		33	%	651,050		32	%	2,299,969		34	%	1,905,984		31	%
Total U.S. government	2,221,235		97	%	1,966,536		97	%	6,643,256		97	%	5,967,127		97	%
Global Commercial Clients	55,839		3	%	63,984		3	%	182,394		3	%	158,497		3	%
Total Revenue	$	2,277,074	100	%	$	2,030,520	100	%	$	6,825,650	100	%	$	6,125,624	100	%

(1) Certain contracts were reassigned between the various verticals of our U.S. government business shown in the table above to better align our operations to the customers we serve within each market. Prior year revenue by customer type has been recast to reflect the changes.

Revenue by Whether the Company Acts as a Prime Contractor or a Subcontractor:

	Three Months Ended December 31,								Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2022				2021
Prime Contractor	$	2,151,265	94	%	$	1,913,657	94	%	$	6,461,935	95	%	$	5,753,596	94	%
Subcontractor	125,809		6	%	116,863		6	%	363,715		5	%	372,028		6	%
Total Revenue	$	2,277,074	100	%	$	2,030,520	100	%	$	6,825,650	100	%	$	6,125,624	100	%

Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of exercised contracts for which work has not yet been performed, irrespective of whether funding has or has not been authorized and appropriated as of the date of exercise. Remaining performance obligations exclude negotiated but unexercised options, the unfunded value of expired contracts, and certain variable consideration which the Company does not expect to recognize as revenue.

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the Company had $8.1 billion and $7.4 billion of remaining performance obligations, respectively. We expect to recognize approximately 70% of the remaining performance obligations at December 31, 2022 as revenue over the next 12 months, and approximately 85% over the next 24 months. The remainder is expected to be recognized thereafter.

Contract Balances

The Company's performance obligations are typically satisfied over time and revenue is generally recognized using a cost-based input method. Fixed-price contracts are typically billed to the customer using milestone or fixed monthly payments, while cost-reimbursable-plus-fee and time-and-material contracts are typically billed to the customer at periodic intervals (e.g., monthly or weekly) as indicated by the terms of the contract. Disparities between the timing of revenue recognition and customer billings and cash collections result in net contract assets or liabilities being recognized at the end of each reporting period.

Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled receivables typically resulting from revenue recognized exceeding the amount billed to the customer and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Unbilled amounts represent revenues for which billings have not been presented to customers. These amounts are generally billed and collected within one year subject to various conditions including, without limitation, appropriated and available funding. Long-term unbilled receivables not anticipated to be billed and collected within one year, which are primarily related to retainage, holdbacks, and long-term rate settlements to be billed at contract closeout, are included in other long-term assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities primarily consist of advance payments, billings in excess of costs incurred and deferred revenue. Contract assets and liabilities are reported on a net contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for an estimate of uncollectible receivables. Provision for credit losses recognized was not material for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

9

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

The following table summarizes the contract assets and liabilities, and accounts receivable, net of allowance recognized on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Current assets
Accounts receivable–billed	$	624,317	$	465,322
Accounts receivable–unbilled (contract assets)	1,183,522		1,157,667
Allowance for credit losses	(63)		—
Accounts receivable, net	1,807,776		1,622,989
Other long-term assets
Accounts receivable–unbilled (contract assets)	58,945		64,339
Total accounts receivable, net	$	1,866,721	$	1,687,328
Other current liabilities
Advance payments, billings in excess of costs incurred and deferred revenue (contract liabilities)	$	21,619	$	26,747

Changes in contract assets and contract liabilities are primarily due to the timing difference between the Company’s performance of services and payments from customers. For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenue of $4.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenue of $24.2 million and $14.3 million, respectively, related to our contract liabilities on April 1, 2022 and 2021, respectively. To determine revenue recognized from contract liabilities during the reporting periods, the Company allocates revenue to individual contract liability balances and applies revenue recognized during the reporting periods first to the beginning balances of contract liabilities until the revenue exceeds the balances.

4. Earnings Per Share

The Company computes basic and diluted earnings per share amounts based on net income attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented. The Company uses the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period to calculate basic earnings per share, or EPS. Diluted EPS adjusts the weighted average number of shares outstanding to include the dilutive effect of outstanding common stock options and other stock-based awards.

The Company currently has outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. Unvested Class A Restricted Common Stock holders are entitled to participate in non-forfeitable dividends or other distributions. These unvested restricted shares participated in the Company's dividends declared and were paid in the first, second, and third quarters of fiscal 2023 and 2022. As such, EPS is calculated using the two-class method whereby earnings are reduced by distributed earnings as well as any available undistributed earnings allocable to holders of unvested restricted shares. A reconciliation of the income used to compute basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented are as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Earnings for basic computations (1)	$	30,526	$	127,992	$	337,607	$	373,413
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic computations	132,224,802		133,587,858		132,286,243		134,629,367
Earnings for diluted computations (1)	$	30,526	$	127,995	$	337,612	$	373,421
Dilutive stock options and restricted stock	535,075		674,392		545,326		684,859
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for diluted computations	132,759,877		134,262,250		132,831,569		135,314,226
Earnings per common share
Basic	$	0.23	$	0.96	$	2.55	$	2.77
Diluted	$	0.23	$	0.95	$	2.54	$	2.76

10

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

(1) During the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 1.1 million and 1.0 million participating securities were paid dividends totaling $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. During the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 1.0 million and 0.9 million participating securities were paid dividends totaling $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. There were undistributed earnings of  $— million and $0.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, allocated to the participating class of securities in both basic and diluted EPS. There were undistributed earnings of  $1.3 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, allocated to the participating class of securities in both basic and diluted EPS. The allocated undistributed earnings and the dividends paid comprise the difference between net income presented on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and earnings for basic and diluted computations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The impact of any anti-dilutive options excluded from the calculation of EPS was not material.

5. Acquisitions, Divestiture and Goodwill

Acquisition

On October 14, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of EverWatch Corp. (“EverWatch”), a leading provider of advanced solutions to the defense and intelligence communities for approximately $444.8 million, net of post-closing adjustments and transaction costs incurred as part of the acquisition. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand. As a result of the transaction, EverWatch became a wholly owned subsidiary of Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company has 120 days after closing to provide proposed post-closing working capital adjustments to the sellers which are subject to dispute. The final purchase price allocations will be completed after the underlying information has been finalized and agreed upon by the sellers and the Company.

The following table summarizes the consideration and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price paid for EverWatch:

Cash consideration (gross of cash acquired)	$	444,847
Purchase price allocation:
Cash	4,779
Current assets	27,305
Operating lease right-of-use asset	7,894
Other long-term assets	4,119
Intangible assets	125,100
Deferred tax liabilities	(29,525)
Current liabilities	(11,625)
Operating lease liabilities - short-term	(1,362)
Operating lease liabilities - long-term	(6,532)
Total fair value of identifiable net assets acquired	$	120,153
Goodwill	$	324,694

The acquisition is accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires the total acquisition consideration to be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on an estimate of the acquisition date fair value, with the difference reflected in goodwill. The preliminary goodwill of $324.7 million is primarily attributable to EverWatch's specialized workforce and the expected synergies between the Company and EverWatch.

The Company preliminarily recognized $125.1 million of intangible assets which consists of contract assets and backlog, and will be valued using the excess earnings method discounted cash flow approach, incorporating Level 3 inputs as described under the fair value hierarchy of Topic 820. These unobservable inputs will reflect the Company's own judgment about which assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset on a non-recurring basis. The intangible assets are expected to be amortized over the estimated useful life of 17 years.

11

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

The valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are preliminary and based on valuation estimates and assumptions. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgments regarding expectations of

future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocations of those cash flows to identifiable tangible and intangible assets. The estimates, assumptions and discount rate underlying the preliminary valuations are subject to collection of information necessary to complete the valuations (specifically related to projected financial information) within the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date. Although the Company does not currently expect material changes to the initial value of net assets acquired, the Company continues to evaluate assumptions related to the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any adjustments to our estimates of purchase price allocation will be made in the periods in which the adjustments are determined, and the cumulative effect of such adjustments will be calculated as if the adjustments had been completed as of the acquisition dates.

Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition are not presented because the acquisition is not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations.

Divestitures

Middle East and North Africa Management Consulting Business

On September 1, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its management consulting business serving the Middle East and North Africa (“MENA”) region to Oliver Wyman, a global management consulting firm and a business of Marsh McLennan. The divestiture was substantially comprised of the contracts associated with the MENA business, the assets and liabilities associated with those contracts, and the workforce that provides services under those contracts.

As a result of this transaction, during the second quarter the Company de-recognized the assets and liabilities associated with the MENA business and recognized a pre-tax gain of $31.2 million, which is reflected in other income, net, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The consideration for the sale of the business is subject to customary working capital adjustments, which may impact the amount of gain recognized.

Managed Threat Services Business

On December 5, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its commercial Managed Threat Services (“MTS”) business to Security On-Demand. The divestiture was substantially comprised of the contracts associated with the MTS business, the assets and liabilities associated with those contracts, and the workforce that provides services under those contracts.

As a result of this transaction, during the third quarter the Company de-recognized the assets and liabilities associated with the MTS business and recognized a pre-tax gain of $4.6 million which is reflected in other income, net, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The consideration for the sale of the business is subject to customary working capital adjustments and contingent consideration, which may impact the amount of gain recognized.

Business Deconsolidation

In December 2022, the Company forfeited certain participating rights of a consolidated artificial intelligence software platform business which has unrelated third-party interest holders and is classified as a variable interest entity (VIE). As a result of this transaction, the Company determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE and thus de-recognized the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interest of this business. The Company recorded the fair value of our retained equity investment of $7.6 million which is accounted for under the measurement alternative. The resulting pre-tax gain, calculated as the investment value less the net de-recognized balances, was $8.9 million and is reflected in other income, net, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Goodwill

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, goodwill was $2,337.6 million and $2,021.9 million, respectively. The increase in the carrying amount of goodwill was attributable the Company's acquisition of EverWatch, and the $324.7 million goodwill acquired is expected to be non-deductible for tax purposes. The Company allocated approximately $7.0 million and $2.0 million of goodwill to the MENA business and the MTS business, respectively, as part of the divestitures noted above.

12

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

6. Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and other accrued expenses consisted of the following: 

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Vendor payables	$	482,245	$	539,524
Accrued expenses	504,335		363,092
Total accounts payable and other accrued expenses	$	986,580	$	902,616

Accrued expenses consisted primarily of the Company’s provision for claimed indirect costs (approximately $311.6 million and $290.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively), and the reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice's investigation of the Company ($124.0 million as of December 31, 2022). See Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of this provision.

7. Accrued Compensation and Benefits

Accrued compensation and benefits consisted of the following: 

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Bonus	$	97,923	$	96,040
Retirement	109,251		48,169
Vacation	172,346		206,199
Other	50,615		88,226
Total accrued compensation and benefits	$	430,135	$	438,634

8. Debt

Debt consisted of the following: 

	December 31, 2022				March 31, 2022
	Interest Rate		Outstanding Balance		Interest Rate		Outstanding Balance
New Term Loan A	5.67	%	$	1,639,688	—	%	$	—
Existing Term Loan A Loans	—	%	—		1.71	%	1,241,398
Existing Term Loan B Loans	—	%	—		2.21	%	380,321
Senior Notes due 2028	3.88	%	700,000		3.88	%	700,000
Senior Notes due 2029	4.00	%	500,000		4.00	%	500,000
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs and discount on debt			(17,977)				(21,647)
Total			2,821,711				2,800,072
Less: Current portion of long-term debt			(41,250)				(68,379)
Long-term debt, net of current portion			$	2,780,461			$	2,731,693

13

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

Credit Agreement

On September 7, 2022 (the “Ninth Amendment Effective Date”), Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. (“Booz Allen Hamilton”), Booz Allen Hamilton Investor Corporation (“Investor”), and certain wholly owned subsidiaries of Booz Allen Hamilton, entered into the Ninth Amendment (the “Ninth Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2012, as amended (the “Existing Credit Agreement” and, as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), with certain institutional lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, Issuing Lender, Refinancing Revolver Lender, New Refinancing Tranche A Term Lender and 2022 Supplemental Tranche A Lender. As of December 31, 2022, the Credit Agreement provided Booz Allen Hamilton with a $1,639.7 million Term Loan A (“New Term Loan A”) and a $1,000.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), with a sub-limit for letters of credit of $200.0 million (collectively, the “Secured Credit Facility”). Booz Allen Hamilton’s obligations and the guarantors’ guarantees under the Credit Agreement are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets (including capital stock of subsidiaries) of Booz Allen Hamilton, Investor and the subsidiary guarantors, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Credit Agreement and related documentation; such security is expected to be released in connection with Booz Allen Hamilton obtaining investment grade ratings from both Moody's and S&P.

Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment, (i) $1,000.0 million of revolving commitments outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement were refinanced by a new tranche of revolving commitments (the “New Revolving Commitments” and the revolving credit loans made thereunder, the “New Revolving Loans”) in an aggregate amount of $1,000.0 million, with a sublimit for letters of credit of $200.0 million and (ii) approximately $1,225.3 million of Term Loan A loans (the “Existing Term Loan A Loans”) and $379.3 million of Term Loan B loans (the “Existing Term Loan B Loans”) outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement were refinanced by a new tranche of Term Loan A loans in an aggregate amount, along with additional new tranche A term loans advanced by certain lenders, totaling $1,650.0 million. The majority of the proceeds of the New Term Loan A were used to prepay in full all of the Existing Term Loan A Loans and Existing Term Loan B Loans.

The Ninth Amendment extended the maturity of the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Commitments to September 7, 2027. Voluntary prepayments of the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Loans are permitted at any time, in minimum principal amounts, without premium or penalty.

The New Term Loan A will amortize in consecutive quarterly installments in an amount equal to (i) on the last business day of each full fiscal quarter that begins after the Ninth Amendment Effective Date but on or before the two year anniversary of the Ninth Amendment Effective Date, 0.625% of the stated principal amount of the New Term Loan A and (ii) on the last business day of each full fiscal quarter that begins after the two year anniversary of the Ninth Amendment Effective Date but before the five year anniversary of the Ninth Amendment Effective Date, 1.25% of the stated principal amount of the New Term Loan A. The remaining balance of the New Term Loan A will be payable upon maturity.

The rate at which the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Loans bear interest will be based either on Term SOFR (subject to a 0.10% adjustment and a floor of zero) for the applicable interest period or a base rate (equal to the highest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime corporate rate, (ii) the overnight federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) three-month Term SOFR (subject to a 0.10% adjustment and a floor of zero) plus 1.00%), in each case plus an applicable margin, payable at the end of the applicable interest period and in any event at least quarterly. The applicable margin for the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Loans ranges from 1.00% to 2.00% for Term SOFR loans and zero to 1.00% for base rate loans, in each case based on the lower of (i) the applicable rate per annum determined pursuant to a consolidated total net leverage ratio grid and (ii) the applicable rate per annum determined pursuant to a ratings grid. Unused New Revolving Commitments are subject to a quarterly fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.35% based on the lower of (i) the applicable fee rate per annum determined pursuant to a consolidated total net leverage ratio grid and (ii) the applicable fee rate per annum determined pursuant to a ratings grid. Booz Allen Hamilton has also agreed to pay customary letter of credit and agency fees.

In connection with the Ninth Amendment, the Company accelerated the amortization of ratable portions of the Debt Issuance Costs, or DIC, and Original Issue Discount, or OID associated with the prior senior secured loan facilities of $3.4 million.These expenses are reflected in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company expensed third party debt issuance costs of $6.9 million that did not qualify for deferral, which are reflected in general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022.

14

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, Booz Allen Hamilton is required to meet a financial covenant at each quarter end based on a consolidated net total leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, Booz Allen Hamilton was in compliance with all financial covenants associated with its debt and debt-like instruments. In connection with Booz Allen Hamilton obtaining investment grade ratings from both Moody's and S&P, activities restricted by certain negative covenants are expected to be permitted subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants and no events of default having occurred and continuing.

The following table summarizes interest payments made on the Company’s term loans:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
New Term Loan A	$	24,845	$	—	$	24,845	$	—
Existing Term Loan A	—		4,733		14,165		15,197
Existing Term Loan B	—		1,795		5,209		5,401
Total	$	24,845	$	6,528	$	44,219	$	20,598

Borrowings under the New Term Loan A, and if used, the Revolving Credit Facility, incur interest at a variable rate. As of December 31, 2022, Booz Allen Hamilton had interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $550.0 million. These instruments hedge the variability of cash outflows for interest payments on the Term Loans and Revolving Credit Facility. The Company's objectives in using cash flow hedges are to reduce volatility due to interest rate movements and to add stability to interest expense (See Note 9, “Derivatives,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements).

Senior Notes

For information on the terms, conditions, and restrictions of the Company's 4.000% Senior Notes due July 1, 2029 (the “Senior Notes due 2029”) and 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Notes due 2028”, and, together with the Senior Notes due 2029, the “Senior Notes”), see Note 10, “Debt,” of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the fiscal 2022 Form 10-K.

In connection with Booz Allen Hamilton obtaining investment grade ratings from both Moody's and S&P, certain negative covenants in the indentures governing the Senior Notes were suspended, and guarantees of the Senior Notes were released.

Interest Expense

Interest on debt and debt-like instruments consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
New Term Loan A Interest Expense	$	20,733	$	—	$	39,210	$	—
Existing Term Loan A Loans Interest Expense	—		4,724		—		15,187
Existing Term Loan B Loans Interest Expense	—		1,795		5,186		5,401
Interest on Revolving Credit Facility	—		—		—		25
Senior Notes Interest Expense	11,781		11,781		35,344		31,121
Amortization of Debt Issuance Cost (DIC) and Original Issue Discount (OID) (1)	1,042		1,168		3,329		3,462
Interest Swap Expense	(1,648)		4,097		1,571		13,627
Other	123		112		388		378
Total Interest Expense	$	32,031	$	23,677	$	85,028	$	69,201

(1) DIC and OID on the Term Loans and senior notes are recorded as a reduction of long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and are amortized ratably over the life of the related debt using the effective rate method. DIC on the Revolving Credit Facility is recorded as a long-term asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and amortized ratably over the term of the Revolving Credit Facility.

15

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

9. Derivatives

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk related to its variable rate debt. The Company’s objectives in using these interest rate derivatives, which were designated as cash flow hedges, are to manage its exposure to interest rate movements and reduce volatility of interest expense. The aggregate notional amount of all interest rate swap agreements was $550.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The swaps have staggered maturities, ranging from June 30, 2023 to June 30, 2025.

The floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps involve the exchange of variable interest amounts from a counterparty for the Company making fixed-rate interest payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount and effectively convert a portion of the variable rate debt into fixed interest rate debt.

Derivative instruments are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis at estimated fair value. As of December 31, 2022, $11.5 million and $6.5 million, were classified as other current assets and other long-term assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2022, $4.1 million, $4.3 million and $39 thousand were classified as other long-term assets, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

For interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), or AOCI, net of taxes, and is subsequently reclassified into interest expense, net in the period that the hedged forecasted interest payments are made on the Company's variable-rate debt. The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

		Three Months Ended December 31,
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Location of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of Pre-Tax Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives				Amount of Pre-Tax Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (1)
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest rate swaps	Interest income (expense)	$	1,565	$	5,271	$	1,648	$	(4,097)

(1) The reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income were reduced by tax benefit (expense) of ($0.4 million) and $1.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

		Nine Months Ended December 31,
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Location of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of Pre-Tax Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives				Amount of Pre-Tax Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (2)
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest rate swaps	Interest income (expense)	$	16,704	$	3,496	$	(1,571)	$	(13,627)

(2) The reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income was reduced by taxes of $0.4 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Over the next 12 months, the Company estimates that $11.6 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense. Cash flows associated with periodic settlements of interest rate swaps will be classified as operating activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The Company is subject to counterparty risk in connection with its interest rate swap derivative contracts. Credit risk related to a derivative financial instrument represents the possibility that the counterparty will not fulfill the terms of the contract. The Company mitigates this credit risk by entering into agreements with credit-worthy counterparties and regularly reviews its credit exposure and the creditworthiness of the counterparties.

16

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

10. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rates were 25.6% and 18.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 23.3% and 21.6% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our effective tax rates for these periods differ from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the inclusion of state and foreign income taxes and permanent rate differences, which are predominantly related to certain executive compensation and the accrual of reserves for uncertain tax positions, offset by research and development tax credits, excess tax benefits for employee share-based compensation, and the Foreign Derived Intangible Income deduction.

The Company is currently contesting tax assessments from the District of Columbia Office of Tax and Revenue (“DC OTR”) for fiscal years 2013 through 2015. The assessment relates to $11.7 million of taxes, net of federal tax benefits, as of December 31, 2022.

During fiscal 2022, the Company received notification that the District of Columbia Office of Administrative Hearings ruled in favor of the DC OTR. The Company is currently appealing the decision with the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. The Company intends to continue to vigorously defend this matter. Oral arguments will occur in calendar year 2023.

The Company has taken similar tax positions with respect to subsequent fiscal years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not maintain reserves for any uncertain tax positions related to the contested tax benefits related to 2013 through 2015, nor does it maintain reserves for the similar tax positions taken in the subsequent fiscal years. Management continues to evaluate this position quarterly to determine if a change in estimate is needed. If an adverse final resolution were to occur with respect to uncertain tax positions related to the contested tax benefits or the similar tax positions taken for fiscal years 2013 through 2020, the total potential future tax expense that would arise would be approximately $40.2 million to $58.8 million, net of federal benefits.

For the fiscal 2021 tax year, the Company generated a tax loss for U.S. Federal and state tax purposes resulting from the treatment of costs associated with property, plant, and equipment. As a result of a provision in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), the Company was allowed to carry this loss back to the five prior tax years (fiscal years 2016 to 2020). Accordingly, the Company recorded a long-term income tax receivable in fiscal 2021 (due to the uncertainty around expectations for the timing of refund receipt) which was largely offset by a corresponding deferred tax liability reflected within the property and equipment deferred tax liability in the Company's significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities. In October 2022, the Company received a partial federal tax refund of approximately $174.0 million plus interest for its carryback claim related to the above, which reduced the long-term income tax receivable on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022.

11. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors the Employees’ Capital Accumulation Plan, or ECAP, which is a qualified defined contribution plan that covers eligible U.S. and certain international employees. ECAP provides for distributions to participants by reason of retirement, death, disability, or termination of employment. The Company provides an annual matching contribution of up to 6% of eligible annual compensation. Total expenses recognized for matching contributions under ECAP were $47.0 million and $42.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $139.1 million and $128.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company also provides post-retirement healthcare benefits to former officers under a medical indemnity insurance plan, with premiums paid by the Company. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the unfunded status of the post-retirement medical plan was $118.4 million and $113.5 million, respectively, which is included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Balance sheet and income statement impacts of any remaining benefit plans are immaterial for all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.    

17

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

All amounts recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) are related to the Company's post-retirement plans and interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges. The following table shows the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Post-retirement plans		Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges		Totals		Post-retirement plans		Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges		Totals
Beginning of period	$	8,807	$	13,334	$	22,141	$	8,811	$	(226)	$	8,585
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications(1)	2		1,155		1,157		—		12,337		12,337
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(2)		(1,217)		(1,219)		(4)		1,161		1,157
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	—		(62)		(62)		(4)		13,498		13,494
End of period	$	8,807	$	13,272	$	22,079	$	8,807	$	13,272	$	22,079

(1) Changes in other comprehensive income before reclassification for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded net of tax expense of $0.4 million and $4.4 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2021						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2021
	Post-retirement plans		Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges		Totals		Post-retirement plans		Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges		Totals
Beginning of period	$	(1,523)	$	(22,476)	$	(23,999)	$	(1,562)	$	(28,209)	$	(29,771)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(2)	—		3,896		3,896		—		2,585		2,585
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	20		3,029		3,049		59		10,073		10,132
Net current-period other comprehensive income	20		6,925		6,945		59		12,658		12,717
End of period	$	(1,503)	$	(15,551)	$	(17,054)	$	(1,503)	$	(15,551)	$	(17,054)

(2) Changes in other comprehensive loss before reclassification for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded net of tax expense of $1.4 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2021, respectively.

13. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations: 

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of revenue	$	9,091	$	7,235	$	26,227	$	19,832
General and administrative expenses	9,679		9,524		24,765		25,355
Total	$	18,770	$	16,759	$	50,992	$	45,187

18

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

The following table summarizes the total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations by the following types of equity awards, including stock options, time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards. Compensation expense for performance-based awards is estimated at each reporting date using management's expectation of the probable achievement of the specified performance criteria of each tranche during the respective performance periods:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Equity Incentive Plan Options	$	772	$	252	$	2,005	$	1,477
Restricted Stock and other awards	$	17,998	16,507		48,987		43,710
Total	$	18,770	$	16,759	$	50,992	$	45,187

As of December 31, 2022, there was $66.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation agreements. The unrecognized compensation cost as of December 31, 2022 is expected to be fully amortized over the next 4.84 years. Absent the effect of accelerating stock compensation cost for any departures of employees who may continue to vest in their equity awards, the following table summarizes the unrecognized compensation cost and the weighted-average period the cost is expected to be amortized.

	December 31, 2022
	Unrecognized Compensation Cost		Weighted Average Remaining Period to be Recognized (in years)
Equity Incentive Plan Options	$	4,539	3.83
Restricted Stock Awards	61,897		1.81
Total	$	66,436

Equity Incentive Plan

As of December 31, 2022, there were 1.2 million EIP options outstanding, of which 0.6 million were unvested.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Board of Directors granted 0.1 million restricted stock units to certain employees of the Company. The aggregate value of these awards was $15.0 million based on the grant date stock price.

14. Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets (Level 1); inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2); and unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions (Level 3).

A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The financial instruments measured at fair value in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets consist of the following:

	Recurring Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Current derivative instruments (2)	$	—	$	11,483	$	—	$	11,483
Long-term deferred compensation plan asset (1)	19,392		—		—		19,392
Long term derivative instruments (2)	—		6,518		—		6,518
Total Assets	$	19,392	$	18,001	$	—	$	37,393
Liabilities:
Long-term deferred compensation plan liability (1)	19,392		—		—		19,392
Total Liabilities	$	19,392	$	—	$	—	$	19,392

19

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

	Recurring Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Long-term deferred compensation plan asset (1)	$	16,512	$	—	$	—	$	16,512
Long term derivative instruments (2)	—		4,088		—		4,088
Total Assets	$	16,512	$	4,088	$	—	$	20,600
Liabilities:
Current derivative instruments (2)	$	—	$	4,324	$	—	$	4,324
Long-term derivative instruments (2)	—		39		—		39
Long-term deferred compensation plan liability (1)	16,512		—		—		16,512
Total Liabilities	$	16,512	$	4,363	$	—	$	20,875

(1) Investments in this category consist primarily of mutual funds whose fair values are determined by reference to the quoted market price per unit in active markets multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. These assets and liabilities represent investments held in a consolidated trust to fund the Company's non-qualified deferred compensation plan and are recorded in other long-term assets and other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2) The Company’s interest rate swaps are considered over-the-counter derivatives and fair value is estimated based on the present value of future cash flows using a model-derived valuation that uses Level 2 observable inputs such as interest rate yield curves. See Note 9, “Derivatives,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges.

The fair value of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, which are Level 1 inputs, approximated its carrying values at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022.

The Company's debt is carried at amortized cost and is measured at fair value quarterly for disclosure purposes. The estimated fair values of debt are determined using quoted prices or other market information obtained from recent trading activity of the debt in markets that are not active (Level 2 inputs). The fair value is corroborated by prices derived from the interest rate spreads of recently completed leveraged loan transactions of a similar credit profile, industry, and terms to that of the Company. The fair value of the Senior Notes due 2029 and the Senior Notes due 2028 are determined using quoted prices or other market information obtained from recent trading activity in the high-yield bond market (Level 2 inputs). The carrying amount and estimated fair value of debt consists of the following:

	December 31, 2022				March 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
New Term Loan A	$	1,639,688	$	1,602,795	$	—	$	—
Existing Term Loan A Loans	—		—		1,241,398		1,218,122
Existing Term Loan B Loans	—		—		380,321		379,461
3.88% Senior Notes due 2028	700,000		624,092		700,000		676,228
4.00% Senior Notes due 2029	500,000		443,125		500,000		488,335

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Letters of Credit and Third-Party Guarantees

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the Company was contingently liable under open standby letters of credit and bank guarantees issued by our banks in favor of third parties that totaled $6.1 million and $8.4 million, respectively. These letters of credit and bank guarantees primarily support insurance and bid and performance obligations. At both December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, approximately $1.0 million of these instruments reduced the available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The remainder is guaranteed under a separate $20.0 million facility of which $14.9 million and $12.6 million were available to the Company at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

20

BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HOLDING CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except share and per share data or unless otherwise noted)

Government Contracting Matters - Provision for Claimed Indirect Costs

For both the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 97% of the Company's revenue was generated from contracts where the end user was an agency or department of the U.S. government, including contracts where the Company performed either as a prime contractor or subcontractor, and regardless of the geographic location in which the work was performed. For both the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 97% of the Company's revenue was generated from such contracts. As noted in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, in the ordinary course of business, agencies of the U.S. government, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), audit the Company’s claimed indirect costs and conduct inquiries and investigations of our business practices with respect to government contracts to determine whether the Company's operations are conducted in accordance with these requirements and the terms of the relevant contracts. Management believes it has recorded the appropriate provision for claimed indirect costs for any audit, inquiry, or investigation of which it is aware that may be subject to any reductions and/or penalties. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the Company had recorded liabilities of approximately $311.6 million and $290.4 million, respectively, for estimated adjustments to claimed indirect costs based on its historical DCAA audit results, including the final resolution of such audits with the Defense Contract Management Agency, for claimed indirect costs incurred subsequent to fiscal 2011, and for contracts not yet closed that are subject to audit and final resolution.

Litigation

Our performance under U.S. government contracts and compliance with the terms of those contracts and applicable laws and regulations are subject to continuous audit, review, and investigation by the U.S. government, which may include such investigative techniques as subpoenas or civil investigative demands. Given the nature of our business, these audits, reviews, and investigations may focus, among other areas, on various aspects of procurement integrity, labor time reporting, sensitive and/or classified information access and control, executive compensation, and post government employment restrictions. We are not always aware of our status in such matters, but we are currently aware of certain pending audits and investigations involving labor time reporting, procurement integrity, and classified information access. In addition, from time to time, we are also involved in legal proceedings and investigations arising in the ordinary course of business, including those relating to employment matters, relationships with clients and contractors, intellectual property disputes, and other business matters. These legal proceedings seek various remedies, including claims for monetary damages in varying amounts, none of which are considered material, or are unspecified as to amount. Although the outcome of any such matter is inherently uncertain and may be materially adverse, based on current information, we do not expect any of the currently ongoing audits, reviews, investigations, or litigation to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, there were no material amounts accrued in the condensed consolidated financial statements related to these proceedings. As previously disclosed in Note 20, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the consolidated financial statements of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the expected amount or range of cost or any loss associated with these matters.

On June 7, 2017, Booz Allen Hamilton was informed that the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting a civil and criminal investigation of the Company. In connection with the investigation, the DOJ has requested information from the Company relating to certain elements of the Company’s cost accounting and indirect cost charging practices with the U.S. government. Since learning of the investigation, the Company has engaged a law firm experienced in these matters to represent the Company in connection with this matter and respond to the government's requests. As is commonly the case with this type of matter, the Company has also been in contact with other regulatory agencies and bodies, including the SEC, which notified the Company that it is conducting an investigation that the Company believes relates to the matters that are also the subject of the DOJ's investigation. The Company may receive additional regulatory or governmental inquiries related to the matters that are the subject of the DOJ's investigation. On May 12, 2021, the Company was informed that the DOJ has closed its criminal investigation. In accordance with the Company's practice, the Company continues to cooperate with all relevant government parties and believes that it has meritorious defenses to the concerns raised by the DOJ. In order to explore whether a negotiated resolution is possible, the Company has entered into settlement discussions with the DOJ. In connection with these settlement discussions, the Company recorded a $124.0 million reserve in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 as a component of general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, which we believe represents the low end of our range of probable loss. There can be no assurance that any settlement will be achieved and, if a settlement is achieved, what the total dollar amount will be of any such settlement. Accordingly, at this time the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the possible range of cost or any loss in excess of the reserve associated with these matters. Changes in the reserve may be required in future periods as discussions with the DOJ continue and additional information becomes available. The total cost associated with these matters will depend on many factors, including the duration of these matters and any related findings. Any settlement that is achieved or any adverse outcome in any litigation that is brought could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.        

21

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report.

The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2022, or Annual Report, and under Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and “— Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” of this Quarterly Report. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Our fiscal year ends March 31 and, unless otherwise noted, references to years or fiscal are for fiscal years ended March 31. See “—Results of Operations.”

Overview

We are a leading provider of management and technology consulting, analytics, engineering, digital solutions, mission operations, and cyber services to U.S. and international governments, major corporations, and not-for-profit organizations. Our ability to deliver value to our clients has always been, and continues to be, a product of the strong character, expertise and tremendous passion of our people. Our approximately 31,100 employees work to solve hard problems by making clients' missions their own, combining decades of consulting and domain expertise with functional expertise in areas such as analytics, digital solutions, engineering, and cyber, all fostered by a culture of innovation that extends to all reaches of the Company.    

Through our dedication to our clients' missions, and a commitment to evolving our business to address their needs, we have longstanding relationships with our clients, the longest of which is more than 80 years. We support critical missions for a diverse base of federal government clients, including nearly all of the U.S. government's cabinet-level departments, as well as for commercial clients, both domestically and internationally. We support our federal government clients by helping them tackle their most complex and pressing challenges such as protecting soldiers in combat and supporting their families, advancing cyber capabilities, keeping our national infrastructure secure, enabling and enhancing digital services, transforming the healthcare system, and improving government efficiency to achieve better outcomes. We serve commercial clients across industries, including financial services, health and life sciences, energy, and technology.

Financial and Other Highlights

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company generated year over year revenue growth and increased client staff headcount.

Revenue increased 12.1% from the three months ended December 31, 2021 to the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased 11.4% from the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The increases were primarily driven by a combination of headcount growth, salary increases, and strong demand for our solutions, as well as higher staff utilization compared to the prior year periods. The increase in revenue also includes approximately $28.6 million of contributions related to the acquisition of EverWatch Corp. (“EverWatch”).

Operating income decreased 66.9% to $58.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022 from $177.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021, which reflects a decrease in operating margin from 8.7% to 2.6%. Operating income decreased 8.8% to $489.8 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 from $536.8 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021, while operating margin decreased from 8.8% to 7.2%, respectively. Margins were impacted by a $124.0 million reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice's investigation of the company (see Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information). Margin results reflect strong contract-level performance coupled with ongoing cost management efforts. However, higher unallowable spending and inflationary pressure impacted margins for the year-to-date period.

The Company also incurred incremental legal costs during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 in response to the U.S. Department of Justice investigation and matters which purport to relate to the investigation, a portion of which was offset by insurance reimbursements. We expect to incur additional costs in the future. Based on the information currently available, the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the expected long-term incremental legal costs or amounts that may be reimbursed associated with this investigation and these related matters.

22

We are monitoring the evolving situation related to COVID-19, and we continue to work with our stakeholders to assess further possible implications to our business. We could be impacted by the implementation of our Company policy requiring full COVID-19 vaccinations of all employees, except for employees who qualify for medical or religious exemptions. Although we cannot currently predict the overall impact of COVID-19, the longer the duration of the event, the more likely it is that it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, billable expenses, and/or cash flows.

Non-GAAP Measures

We publicly disclose certain non-GAAP financial measurements, including Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share, or Adjusted Diluted EPS, because management uses these measures for business planning purposes, including to manage our business against internal projected results of operations and measure our performance. We view Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Diluted EPS as measures of our core operating business, which exclude the impact of the items detailed below, as these items are generally not operational in nature. These non-GAAP measures also provide another basis for comparing period to period results by excluding potential differences caused by non-operational and unusual or non-recurring items. In addition, we use Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses because it provides management useful information about the Company's operating performance by excluding the impact of costs that are not indicative of the level of productivity of our client staff headcount and our overall direct labor, which management believes provides useful information to our investors about our core operations. We also utilize and discuss Free Cash Flow because management uses this measure for business planning purposes, measuring the cash generating ability of the operating business, and measuring liquidity generally. We present these supplemental measures because we believe that these measures provide investors and securities analysts with important supplemental information with which to evaluate our performance, long-term earnings potential, or liquidity, as applicable, and to enable them to assess our performance on the same basis as management. These supplemental performance measurements may vary from and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures by other companies in our industry. Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted EPS, and Free Cash Flow are not recognized measurements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and when analyzing our performance or liquidity, as applicable, investors should (i) evaluate each adjustment in our reconciliation of revenue to Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, operating income to Adjusted Operating Income, net income to Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share, and net cash provided by operating activities to Free Cash Flow, (ii) use Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Diluted EPS in addition to, and not as an alternative to, revenue, operating income, net income or diluted EPS, as measures of operating results, each as defined under GAAP and (iii) use Free Cash Flow in addition to, and not as an alternative to, net cash provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity, each as defined under GAAP. We have defined the aforementioned non-GAAP measures as follows:

•“Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses” represents revenue less billable expenses. We use Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses because it provides management useful information about the Company's operating performance by excluding the impact of costs that are not indicative of the level of productivity of our client staff headcount and our overall direct labor, which management believes provides useful information to our investors about our core operations.

•“Adjusted Operating Income” represents operating income before acquisition and divestiture costs, financing transaction costs, significant acquisition amortization, and the reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice investigation disclosed in Note 15. We prepare Adjusted Operating Income to eliminate the impact of items we do not consider indicative of ongoing operating performance due to their inherent unusual, extraordinary, or non-recurring nature or because they result from an event of a similar nature.

•“Adjusted EBITDA” represents net income attributable to common stockholders before income taxes, net interest and other expense and depreciation and amortization and before certain other items, including acquisition and divestiture costs, financing transaction costs, and the reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice investigation disclosed in Note 15. “Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue” is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue. “Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses” is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses. The Company prepares Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses to eliminate the impact of items it does not consider indicative of ongoing operating performance due to their inherent unusual, extraordinary or non-recurring nature or because they result from an event of a similar nature.

23

•“Adjusted Net Income” represents net income attributable to common stockholders before: (i) acquisition and divestiture costs, (ii) financing transaction costs, (iii) significant acquisition amortization, (iv) the reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice investigation disclosed in Note 15, (v) gain associated with equity method investment activity, (vi) gains associated with divestitures or deconsolidation, and (vii) amortization and write-off of debt issuance costs and debt discount, in each case net of the tax effect where appropriate calculated using an assumed effective tax rate. We prepare Adjusted Net Income to eliminate the impact of items, net of tax, we do not consider indicative of ongoing operating performance due to their inherent unusual, extraordinary, or non-recurring nature or because they result from an event of a similar nature. We view Adjusted Net Income as an important indicator of performance consistent with the manner in which management measures and forecasts the Company's performance and the way in which management is incentivized to perform.

•“Adjusted Diluted EPS” represents diluted EPS calculated using Adjusted Net Income as opposed to net income. Additionally, Adjusted Diluted EPS does not contemplate any adjustments to net income as required under the two-class method as disclosed in the footnotes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

•“Free Cash Flow” represents the net cash generated from operating activities less the impact of purchases of property, equipment, and software.

24

Below is a reconciliation of Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted EPS, and Free Cash Flow to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses
Revenue	$	2,277,074	$	2,030,520	$	6,825,650	$	6,125,624
Less: Billable expenses	710,526		621,550		2,069,733		1,817,215
Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses	$	1,566,548	$	1,408,970	$	4,755,917	$	4,308,409
Adjusted Operating Income
Operating income	$	58,640	$	177,212	$	489,756	$	536,836
Acquisition and divestiture costs (a)	19,096		5,346		40,121		85,815
Financing transaction costs (b)	—		—		6,888		2,348
Significant acquisition amortization (c)	14,101		11,884		36,275		26,410
Legal matter reserve (d)	124,000		—		124,000		—
Adjusted Operating Income	$	215,837	$	194,442	$	697,040	$	651,409
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue & Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	30,997	$	128,931	$	340,213	$	375,867
Income tax expense	10,539		30,090		103,286		103,569
Interest and other, net (e)	17,412		18,276		46,907		57,485
Depreciation and amortization	42,046		39,576		121,200		104,923
EBITDA	100,994		216,873		611,606		641,844
Acquisition and divestiture costs (a)	19,096		5,346		40,121		85,815
Financing transaction costs (b)	—		—		6,888		2,348
Legal matter reserve (d)	124,000		—		124,000		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	244,090	$	222,219	$	782,615	$	730,007
Net income margin attributable to common stockholders	1.4%		6.3%		5.0%		6.1%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue	10.7%		10.9%		11.5%		11.9%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Revenue, Excluding Billable Expenses	15.6%		15.8%		16.5%		16.9%
Adjusted Net Income
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	30,997	$	128,931	$	340,213	$	375,867
Acquisition and divestiture costs (a)	19,096		5,346		40,121		85,815
Financing transaction costs (b)	—		—		6,888		2,348
Significant acquisition amortization (c)	14,101		11,884		36,275		26,410
Legal matter reserve (d)	124,000		—		124,000		—
Gain associated with equity method investment activity (f)	—		(7,095)		—		(12,761)
Gains associated with divestitures or deconsolidation (g)	(13,472)		—		(44,632)		—
Amortization and write-off of debt issuance costs and debt discount	780		821		5,780		2,524
Adjustments for tax effect (h)	(33,020)		(2,848)		(37,518)		(27,127)
Adjusted Net Income	$	142,482	$	137,039	$	471,127	$	453,076
Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	132,759,877		134,262,250		132,831,569		135,314,226
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.23	$	0.95	$	2.54	$	2.76
Adjusted Net Income Per Diluted Share (i)	$	1.07	$	1.02	$	3.55	$	3.35
Free Cash Flow
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	138,582	$	21,405	$	365,674	$	481,151
Less: Purchases of property, equipment and software	(21,664)		(21,933)		(51,398)		(51,608)
Free cash flow	$	116,918	$	(528)	$	314,276	$	429,543
Operating cash flow conversion	447%		17%		107%		128%
Free cash flow conversion	82%		—%		67%		95%

25

(a)Represents costs associated with the acquisition efforts of the Company related to transactions for which the Company has entered into a letter of intent to acquire a controlling financial interest in the target entity, as well as the divestiture costs incurred in divesting a portion of our business. Acquisition and divestiture costs primarily include costs associated with (i) buy-side and sell-side due diligence activities, (ii) compensation expenses associated with employee retention, and (iii) legal and advisory fees primarily associated with the acquisitions of Liberty IT Solutions, LLC (“Liberty”) and Tracepoint Holdings, LLC (“Tracepoint”) in fiscal 2022, and the acquisition of EverWatch Corp. (“EverWatch”) and the divestitures of our management consulting business serving the Middle East and North Africa (“MENA”) and our Managed Threat Services business ("MTS") in fiscal 2023.

(b)Reflects expenses associated with debt financing activities incurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and second quarter of fiscal 2023.

(c)Amortization expense associated with acquired intangibles from significant acquisitions. Significant acquisitions include acquisitions which the Company considers to be beyond the scope of our normal operations. Significant acquisition amortization includes amortization expense associated with the acquisition of Liberty in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and the acquisition of EverWatch in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

(d)Reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice's investigation of the Company. See Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

(e)Reflects the combination of Interest expense and Other income, net from the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

(f)Represents a gain in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 associated with the Company's remeasurement of its previously held equity method investment in Tracepoint, and a gain in the third quarter of fiscal 2022 associated with the divestiture of a controlling financial interest in SnapAttack.

(g)Represents the gain recognized on the divestitures of the Company's MENA business in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, its MTS business in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, and the gain on the deconsolidation of an artificial intelligence software platform business in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

(h)Reflects the tax effect of adjustments at an assumed effective tax rate of 26%, which approximates the blended federal and state tax rates, and consistently excludes the impact of other tax credits and incentive benefits realized. The tax effect of certain discrete items is calculated specifically and may vary from the general 26% rate.

(i)Excludes adjustments of approximately $0.5 million and $2.6 million of net earnings for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and $0.9 million and $2.4 million of net earnings for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2021, respectively, associated with the application of the two-class method for computing diluted earnings per share.

Factors and Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our results of operations have been, and we expect them to continue to be, affected by the following factors, which may cause our future results of operations to differ from our historical results of operations discussed under “- Results of Operations.”

Business Environment and Key Trends in Our Markets

We believe that the following trends and developments in the U.S. government services industry and our markets may influence our future results of operations:

•uncertainty around the timing, extent, nature and effect of Congressional and other U.S. government actions to approve funding of the U.S. government, including Congressional negotiations to raise the debt ceiling, address budgetary constraints, including caps on the discretionary budget for defense and non-defense departments and agencies, as established by the Bipartisan Budget Control Act of 2011 (“BCA”) and subsequently adjusted by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), and the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, and address the ability of Congress to determine how to allocate the available budget authority and pass appropriations bills to fund both U.S. government departments and agencies that are, and those that are not, subject to the caps;

•budget deficits and the growing U.S. national debt increasing pressure on the U.S. government to reduce federal spending across all federal agencies together with associated uncertainty about the size and timing of those reductions;

26

•cost-cutting and efficiency initiatives, current and future budget restrictions, continued implementation of Congressionally mandated automatic spending cuts, and other efforts to reduce U.S. government spending could cause clients to reduce or delay funding for orders for services or invest appropriated funds on a less consistent or rapid basis or not at all, particularly when considering long-term initiatives and in light of current uncertainty around Congressional efforts to craft a long-term agreement on the U.S. government's ability to incur indebtedness in excess of its current limits, and generally in the current political environment, there is a risk that clients will not issue task orders in sufficient volume to reach current contract ceilings, alter historical patterns of contract awards, including the typical increase in the award of task orders or completion of other contract actions by the U.S. government in the period before the end of the U.S. government's fiscal year on September 30, delay requests for new proposals and contract awards, rely on short-term extensions and funding of current contracts, or reduce staffing levels and hours of operation;

•delays in the completion of future U.S. government’s budget processes, which have in the past and could in the future delay procurement of the products, services, and solutions we provide;

•changes in the relative mix of overall U.S. government spending and areas of spending growth, with lower spending on homeland security, intelligence, defense-related programs as certain overseas operations end, and continued increased spending on cybersecurity, Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), advanced analytics, technology integration, and healthcare, including as a result of the presidential and administration transition;

•the extent, nature and effect of COVID-19, including the impact on federal budgets, current and pending procurements, supply chains, demand for services, deployment and productivity of our employees and the economic and societal impact of a pandemic, and the expected continued volatility in billable expenses, as well as the impact of our Company policy requiring full COVID-19 vaccinations of all employees, except for employees who qualify for medical or religious exemptions;

•increased inflationary pressure that could impact the cost of doing business and/or reduce customer buying power;

•legislative and regulatory changes to limitations on the amount of allowable executive compensation permitted under flexibly priced contracts following implementation of interim rules adopted by federal agencies pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, which substantially further reduce the amount of allowable executive compensation under these contracts and extend these limitations to a larger segment of our executives and our entire contract base;

•efforts by the U.S. government to address organizational conflicts of interest and related issues and the impact of those efforts on us and our competitors;

•increased audit, review, investigation, and general scrutiny by U.S. government agencies of government contractors' performance under U.S. government contracts and compliance with the terms of those contracts and applicable laws;

•the federal focus on refining the definition of “inherently governmental” work, including proposals to limit contractor access to sensitive or classified information and work assignments, which will continue to drive pockets of insourcing in various agencies, particularly in the intelligence market;

•negative publicity and increased scrutiny of government contractors in general, including us, relating to U.S. government expenditures for contractor services and incidents involving the mishandling of sensitive or classified information;

•U.S. government agencies awarding contracts on a technically acceptable/lowest cost basis, which could have a negative impact on our ability to win certain contracts;

•increased competition from other government contractors and market entrants seeking to take advantage of certain of the trends identified above, and an industry trend towards consolidation, which may result in the emergence of companies that are better able to compete against us;

•cost cutting and efficiency and effectiveness efforts by U.S. civilian agencies with a focus on increased use of performance measurement, “program integrity” efforts to reduce waste, fraud and abuse in entitlement programs, and renewed focus on improving procurement practices for and interagency use of IT services, including through the use of cloud based options and data center consolidation;

•restrictions by the U.S. government on the ability of federal agencies to use lead system integrators, in response to cost, schedule, and performance problems with large defense acquisition programs where contractors were performing the lead system integrator role;

27

•increasingly complex requirements and enforcement and reporting landscapes of the Department of Defense and the U.S. intelligence community, including cybersecurity, managing federal health care cost growth, competition, and focus on reforming existing government regulation of various sectors of the economy, such as financial regulation and healthcare; and

•increasing small business regulations across the Department of Defense and civilian agency clients continue to gain traction, agencies are required to meet high small business set aside targets, and large business prime contractors are required to subcontract in accordance with considerable small business participation goals necessary for contract award.

Sources of Revenue

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from services provided under contracts and task orders with the U.S. government, primarily by our client staff and, to a lesser extent, our subcontractors. Funding for our contracts and task orders is generally linked to trends in budgets and spending across various U.S. government agencies and departments. We provide services under a large portfolio of contracts and contract vehicles to a broad client base, and we believe that our diversified contract and client base lessens potential volatility in our business; however, a reduction in the amount of services that we are contracted to provide to the U.S. government or any of our significant U.S. government clients could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In particular, the Department of Defense is one of our significant clients, and the BCA originally required nine automatic spending cuts (referred to as “sequestration”) of $109 billion annually from 2013 to 2021, half of which was intended to come from defense programs, though less than $1 billion has been cut for defense programs per year under the BCA. Mandatory sequestrations under the BCA were subsequently extended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019, the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, which did not specify an amount of savings required to be achieved through sequestration after 2021 but apply an 8.3% reduction in defense spending in each year from 2021 to 2030. This could result in a commensurate reduction in the amount of services that we are contracted to provide to the Department of Defense and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, and given the uncertainty of when and how these automatic reductions required by the BCA may return and/or be applied, we are unable to predict the nature or magnitude of the potential adverse effect.

Contract Types

We generate revenue under the following three basic types of contracts:

•Cost-Reimbursable Contracts. Cost-reimbursable contracts provide for the payment of allowable costs incurred during performance of the contract, up to a ceiling based on the amount that has been funded, plus a fixed fee or award fee. As we increase or decrease our spending on allowable costs, our revenue generated on cost-reimbursable contracts will increase, up to the ceiling and funded amounts, or decrease, respectively. We generate revenue under two general types of cost-reimbursable contracts: cost-plus-fixed-fee and cost-plus-award-fee, both of which reimburse allowable costs and provide for a fee. The fee under each type of cost-reimbursable contract is generally payable upon completion of services in accordance with the terms of the contract. Cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts offer no opportunity for payment beyond the fixed fee. Cost-plus-award-fee contracts also provide for an award fee that varies within specified limits based upon the client’s assessment of our performance against a predetermined set of criteria, such as targets for factors like cost, quality, schedule, and performance.

•Time-and-Materials Contracts. Under contracts in this category, we are paid a fixed hourly rate for each direct labor hour expended, and we are reimbursed for billable material costs and billable out-of-pocket expenses inclusive of allocable indirect costs. We assume the financial risk on time-and-materials contracts because our costs of performance may exceed negotiated hourly rates. To the extent our actual direct labor, including allocated indirect costs, and associated billable expenses decrease or increase in relation to the fixed hourly billing rates provided in the contract, we will generate more or less profit, respectively, or could incur a loss.

•Fixed-Price Contracts. Under a fixed-price contract, we agree to perform the specified work for a predetermined price. To the extent our actual direct and allocated indirect costs decrease or increase from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit, respectively, or could incur a loss. Some fixed-price contracts have a performance-based component, pursuant to which we can earn incentive payments or incur financial penalties based on our performance. Fixed-price level of effort contracts require us to provide a specified level of effort (i.e., labor hours), over a stated period of time, for a fixed price.

28

The amount of risk and potential reward varies under each type of contract. Under cost-reimbursable contracts, there is limited financial risk, because we are reimbursed for all allowable costs up to a ceiling. However, profit margins on this type of contract tend to be lower than on time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-materials contracts, we are reimbursed for the hours worked using the predetermined hourly rates for each labor category. In addition, we are typically reimbursed for other contract direct costs and expenses at cost. We assume financial risk on time-and-materials contracts because our labor costs may exceed the negotiated billing rates. Profit margins on well-managed time-and-materials contracts tend to be higher than profit margins on cost-reimbursable contracts as long as we are able to staff those contracts with people who have an appropriate skill set. Under fixed-price contracts, we are required to deliver the objectives under the contract for a predetermined price. Compared to time-and-materials and cost-reimbursable contracts, fixed-price contracts generally offer higher profit margin opportunities because we receive the full benefit of any cost savings but generally involve greater financial risk because we bear the impact of any cost overruns. In the aggregate, the contract type mix in our revenue for any given period will affect that period's profitability. Changes in contract type as a result of re-competes and new business could influence the percentage/mix in unanticipated ways.

The table below presents the percentage of total revenue for each type of contract:

 

	Three Months Ended December 31,		Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Cost-reimbursable	53%	53%	53%	54%
Time-and-materials	25%	24%	25%	24%
Fixed-price	22%	23%	22%	22%

Contract Diversity and Revenue Mix

We provide services to our clients through a large number of single award contracts, contract vehicles, and multiple award contract vehicles. Most of our revenue is generated under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity, or IDIQ, contract vehicles, which include multiple award government wide acquisition contract vehicles, or GWACs, and General Services Administration Multiple Award Schedule Contracts, or GSA schedules, and certain single award contracts. GWACs and GSA schedules are available to all U.S. government agencies. Any number of contractors typically competes under multiple award IDIQ contract vehicles for task orders to provide particular services, and we earn revenue under these contract vehicles only to the extent that we are successful in the bidding process for task orders.

We generate revenue under our contracts and task orders through our provision of services as both a prime contractor and subcontractor, as well as from the provision of services by subcontractors under contracts and task orders for which we act as the prime contractor. The mix of these types of revenue affects our operating margin. Substantially all of our operating margin is derived from direct client staff labor, as the portion of our operating margin derived from fees we earn on services provided by our subcontractors is not significant. We view growth in direct client staff labor as the primary driver of earnings growth. Direct client staff labor growth is driven by client staff headcount growth, after attrition, and total backlog growth.

Our People

Revenue from our contracts is derived from services delivered by client staff and, to a lesser extent, from our subcontractors. Our ability to hire, retain, and deploy talent with skills appropriately aligned with client needs is critical to our ability to grow our revenue. We continuously evaluate whether our talent base is properly sized and appropriately compensated, and contains an optimal mix of skills to be cost competitive and meet the rapidly evolving needs of our clients. We seek to achieve that result through recruitment and management of capacity and compensation. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we employed approximately 31,100 and 29,500 people, respectively, of which approximately 28,300 and 26,300, respectively, were client staff.

Contract Backlog

We define backlog to include the following three components:

•Funded Backlog. Funded backlog represents the revenue value of orders for services under existing contracts for which funding is appropriated or otherwise authorized less revenue previously recognized on these contracts.

•Unfunded Backlog. Unfunded backlog represents the revenue value of orders (including optional orders) for services under existing contracts for which funding has not been appropriated or otherwise authorized.

•Priced Options. Priced contract options represent 100% of the revenue value of all future contract option periods under existing contracts that may be exercised at our clients’ option and for which funding has not been appropriated or otherwise authorized.

29

Our backlog does not include contracts that have been awarded but are currently under protest and also does not include any task orders under IDIQ contracts, except to the extent that task orders have been awarded to us under those contracts.

The following table summarizes the value of our contract backlog at the respective dates presented: 

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(In millions)
Backlog:
Funded	$	4,544	$	4,044
Unfunded	10,131		9,415
Priced options	15,373		14,302
Total backlog (1)	$	30,048	$	27,761

(1)Backlog presented as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, includes approximately $272.7 million and $2.0 billion of backlog acquired from the Company's acquisitions made during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Our total backlog consists of remaining performance obligations, certain orders under contracts for which the period of performance has expired, and unexercised option period and other unexercised optional orders. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the Company had $8.1 billion and $7.4 billion of remaining performance obligations, respectively. We expect to recognize approximately 70% of the remaining performance obligations at December 31, 2022 as revenue over the next 12 months, and approximately 85% over the next 24 months. The remainder is expected to be recognized thereafter. However, given the uncertainties discussed below, as well as the risks described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, we can give no assurance that we will be able to convert our backlog into revenue in any particular period, if at all. Our backlog includes orders under contracts that in some cases extend for several years. The U.S. Congress generally appropriates funds for our clients on a yearly basis, even though their contracts with us may call for performance that is expected to take a number of years to complete. As a result, contracts typically are only partially funded at any point during their term and all or some of the work to be performed under the contracts may remain unfunded unless and until the U.S. Congress makes subsequent appropriations and the procuring agency allocates funding to the contract.

We view growth in total backlog and client staff headcount as the two key measures of our potential business growth. Growing and deploying client staff is the primary means by which we are able to achieve profitable revenue growth. To the extent that we are able to hire additional client staff and deploy them against funded backlog, we generally recognize increased revenue. Total backlog increased by 8.2% from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Additions to funded backlog during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 totaled $9.6 billion in comparison to $8.5 billion for the comparable period in fiscal 2022, as a result of the conversion of unfunded backlog to funded backlog, the award of new contracts and task orders under which funding was appropriated, and the exercise and subsequent funding of priced options. We report internally on our backlog on a monthly basis and review backlog upon occurrence of certain events to determine if any adjustments are necessary.

We cannot predict with any certainty the portion of our backlog that we expect to recognize as revenue in any future period and we cannot guarantee that we will recognize any revenue from our backlog. The primary risks that could affect our ability to recognize such revenue on a timely basis or at all are: program schedule changes, contract modifications, and our ability to assimilate and deploy new client staff against funded backlog; cost-cutting initiatives and other efforts to reduce U.S. government spending, which could reduce or delay funding for orders for services; and delayed funding of our contracts due to delays in the completion of the U.S. government's budgeting process and the use of continuing resolutions by the U.S. government to fund its operations. The amount of our funded backlog is also subject to change, due to, among other factors: changes in congressional appropriations that reflect changes in U.S. government policies or priorities resulting from various military, political, economic, or international developments; changes in the use of U.S. government contracting vehicles, and the provisions therein used to procure our services and adjustments to the scope of services, or cancellation of contracts, by the U.S. government at any time. In our recent experience, none of the following additional risks have had a material negative effect on our ability to realize revenue from our funded backlog: the unilateral right of the U.S. government to cancel multi-year contracts and related orders or to terminate existing contracts for convenience or default; in the case of unfunded backlog, the potential that funding will not be made available; and, in the case of priced options, the risk that our clients will not exercise their options.

30

In addition, contract backlog includes orders under contracts for which the period of performance has expired, and we may not recognize revenue on the funded backlog that includes such orders due to, among other reasons, the tardy submission of invoices by our subcontractors and the expiration of the relevant appropriated funding in accordance with a predetermined expiration date such as the end of the U.S. government's fiscal year. The revenue value of orders included in contract backlog that has not been recognized as revenue due to period of performance expirations has not exceeded approximately 5.1% of total backlog as of December 31, 2022 and any of the four preceding fiscal quarters.

We expect to recognize revenue from a substantial portion of funded backlog as of December 31, 2022 within the next twelve months. However, given the uncertainties discussed above, as well as the risks described in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, we can give no assurance that we will be able to convert our backlog into revenue in any particular period, if at all.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Costs associated with compensation and related expenses for our people are the most significant component of our operating costs and expenses. The principal factors that affect our costs are additional people as we grow our business and are awarded new contracts, task orders, and additional work under our existing contracts, and the hiring of people with specific skill sets and security clearances as required by our additional work.

Our most significant operating costs and expenses are described below.

•Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue includes direct labor, related employee benefits, and overhead. Overhead consists of indirect costs, including indirect labor relating to infrastructure, management and administration, and other expenses.

•Billable Expenses. Billable expenses include direct subcontractor expenses, travel expenses, and other expenses incurred to perform on contracts.

•General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses include indirect labor of executive management and corporate administrative functions, marketing and bid and proposal costs, legal costs and other discretionary spending.

•Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization includes the depreciation of computers, leasehold improvements, furniture and other equipment, and the amortization of internally developed software, as well as third-party software that we use internally, and of identifiable long-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.

Seasonality

The U.S. government's fiscal year ends on September 30 of each year. While not certain, it is not uncommon for U.S. government agencies to award extra tasks or complete other contract actions in the weeks before the end of its fiscal year in order to avoid the loss of unexpended fiscal year funds. In addition, we also have historically experienced higher bid and proposal costs in the months leading up to the U.S. government's fiscal year end as we pursue new contract opportunities being awarded shortly after the U.S. government fiscal year end as new opportunities are expected to have funding appropriated in the U.S. government's subsequent fiscal year. We may continue to experience this seasonality in future periods, and our future periods may be affected by it. While not certain, changes in the government's funding and spending patterns have altered historical seasonality trends, supporting our approach to managing the business on an annual basis.

Seasonality is just one of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, which may affect our results in any period. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

Our critical accounting estimates and policies are disclosed in the Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies section in Part II, “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022. There were no other material changes to our critical accounting policies, estimates or judgments that occurred in the quarterly period covered by this report.

31

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth items from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021				2022		2021
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		Percent		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		Percent
	(In thousands)				Change		(In thousands)				Change
Revenue	$	2,277,074	$	2,030,520	12.1	%	$	6,825,650	$	6,125,624	11.4	%
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	1,043,474		929,568		12.3	%	3,175,897		2,840,044		11.8	%
Billable expenses	710,526		621,550		14.3	%	2,069,733		1,817,215		13.9	%
General and administrative expenses	422,388		262,614		60.8	%	969,064		826,606		17.2	%
Depreciation and amortization	42,046		39,576		6.2	%	121,200		104,923		15.5	%
Total operating costs and expenses	2,218,434		1,853,308		19.7	%	6,335,894		5,588,788		13.4	%
Operating income	58,640		177,212		(66.9)	%	489,756		536,836		(8.8)	%
Interest expense	(32,031)		(23,677)		35.3	%	(85,028)		(69,201)		22.9	%
Other income, net	14,619		5,401		170.7	%	38,121		11,716		225.4	%
Income before income taxes	41,228		158,936		(74.1)	%	442,849		479,351		(7.6)	%
Income tax expense	10,539		30,090		(65.0)	%	103,286		103,569		(0.3)	%
Net income	30,689		128,846		(76.2)	%	339,563		375,782		(9.6)	%
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	308		85		NM		650		85		NM
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	30,997	$	128,931	(76.0)	%	$	340,213	$	375,867	(9.5)	%

NM - Not meaningful.

Revenue

Revenue increased 12.1% and 11.4%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods. The increases were primarily driven by a combination of headcount growth, salary increases, and strong demand for our solutions, as well as higher staff utilization compared to the prior year period. The increase in revenue also includes approximately $28.6 million of contributions related to the Company's acquisition of EverWatch in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Total headcount as of December 31, 2022 increased by approximately 1,680 as compared to December 31, 2021.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 45.8% for both the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 46.5% and 46.4% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Cost of revenue increased 12.3% and 11.8% for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods. The increases were primarily due to increases in salaries and salary-related benefits in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 of $99.9 million and $276.7 million, respectively, driven by increased headcount and annual base salary increases. Incentive and stock-based compensation also increased $9.7 million and $31.7 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods. In addition, the year to date period was impacted by an increase in other business expenses and professional fees of $20.7 million.

Billable Expenses

Billable expenses as a percentage of revenue were 31.2% and 30.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 30.3% and 29.7% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Billable expenses increased 14.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased 13.9% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods. Increases were primarily attributable to increases in the use of subcontractors driven by client demand and timing of client needs, as well as increases in expenses from contracts that require the Company to incur other direct expenses and travel on behalf of clients as compared to the prior year period.

32

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue were 18.5% and 12.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 14.2% and 13.5% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. General and administrative expenses increased 60.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased 17.2% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods.

For the three months ended December 31, 2022, the increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by a $124.0 million reserve associated with the U.S. Department of Justice's investigation of the Company (see Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information). In addition, increases in other business expenses and professional fees included an increase of approximately $12.7 million in acquisition and divestiture costs over the prior year period. Salary and salary related benefits also contributed $7.5 million to the increase driven by increased headcount and annual base salary increases.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2022, the increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by the $124.0 million reserve noted above, increases in other business expenses and professional fees of approximately $45.0 million, and increases in salary and salary related benefits of $16.5 million (driven by increased headcount and annual base salary increases). These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $46.9 million in acquisition costs over the prior year period.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased 6.2% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased 15.5% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in intangible amortization related to the acquisitions in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased 35.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2022, and increased 22.9% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to an overall increase in rates.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net increased to $14.6 million net other income for the three months ended December 31, 2022 from $5.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021, and increased to $38.1 million net other income for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 from $11.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021. Increases were driven by the following:

•A $31.2 million pre-tax gain recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 associated with the divestiture of the Company's MENA business;

•A pre-tax gain of $8.9 million recognized in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 from the de-consolidation of a business;

•A $4.6 million pre-tax gain recognized in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 associated with the divestiture of the Company's MTS business;

•$3.4 million in fees related to the Company's debt refinancing in the second quarter of fiscal 2023;

•A $5.7 million gain from the Company's remeasurement of its previously held equity method investment in Tracepoint in the second quarter of fiscal 2022, not present in the current year; and

•A net gain of $7.1 million associated with the divestiture of a controlling financial interest in SnapAttack in the third quarter of fiscal 2022, not present in the current fiscal year.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased 65.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and decreased 0.3% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year periods. For the three month period the decrease was primarily due to the decrease in pre-tax income partially offset by an increase in the effective tax rate due to the recognition of incremental research tax credits in the prior year. For the nine month period the decrease was primarily driven by the decrease in pre-tax income, offset by the resulting tax on the gain related to the Company's divestiture of its MENA business and the treatment of certain transaction related expenses year over year. The effective tax rate increased to 25.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 from 18.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and increased to 23.3% for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 from 21.6% for the nine months ended December 31, 2021.

33

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents selected financial information as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 and for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	370,939	$	695,910
Total debt	2,821,711		2,800,072
	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	365,674	$	481,151
Net cash used in investing activities	(440,058)		(835,248)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(250,587)		5,851
Total decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(324,971)	$	(348,246)

To date, COVID-19 has not had a significant impact on our liquidity, cash flows or capital resources. However, COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which, depending on future developments, could impact our capital resources and liquidity in the future. In the opinion of management, we will be able to meet our liquidity and cash needs through a combination of cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances, and available borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility. If these resources need to be augmented, additional cash requirements would likely be financed through the issuance of debt or equity securities.

From time to time, we evaluate alternative uses for excess cash resources once our operating cash flow and required debt servicing needs have been met. Some of the possible uses of our remaining excess cash at any point in time may include funding strategic acquisitions, further investment in our business and returning value to shareholders through share repurchases, quarterly dividends, and special dividends. While the timing and financial magnitude of these possible actions are currently indeterminable, the Company expects to be able to manage and adjust its capital structure in the future to meet its liquidity needs.

Historically, we have been able to generate sufficient cash to fund our operations, mandatory debt and interest payments, capital expenditures, and discretionary funding needs. However, due to fluctuations in cash flows, including as a result of the trends and developments described above under “—Factors and Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations” relating to U.S. government shutdowns, U.S. government cost-cutting, reductions or delays in the U.S. government appropriations and spending process and other budgetary matters, it may be necessary from time-to-time in the future to borrow under our Secured Credit Facility to meet cash demands. While the timing and financial magnitude of these possible actions are currently indeterminable, we expect to be able to manage and adjust our capital structure to meet our liquidity needs. Our expected liquidity and capital structure may also be impacted by discretionary investments and acquisitions that we could pursue. We anticipate that cash provided by operating activities, existing cash and cash equivalents, and borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for the next twelve months, which primarily include:

•operating expenses, including salaries;

•working capital requirements to fund both organic and inorganic growth of our business;

•capital expenditures which primarily relate to the purchase of computers, business systems, furniture and leasehold improvements to support our operations;

•the ongoing maintenance around all financial management systems;

•commitments and other discretionary investments;

•debt service requirements for borrowings under our Secured Credit Facility and interest payments for the Senior Notes due 2029 and the Senior Notes due 2028; and

•cash taxes to be paid.

34

Our ability to fund our operating needs depends, in part, on our ability to continue to generate positive cash flows from operations or, if necessary, raise cash in the capital markets. In addition, from time to time we evaluate conditions to opportunistically access the financing markets to secure additional debt capital resources and improve the terms of our indebtedness.

On October 14, 2022, the Company acquired EverWatch Corp. (“EverWatch”) for approximately $444.8 million, net of post-closing adjustments, and transaction costs incurred as part of the acquisition. As a result of the transaction, EverWatch became a wholly owned subsidiary of Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. EverWatch is a leading provider of advanced solutions to the defense and intelligence communities. See Note 5, “Acquisitions, Divestiture and Goodwill,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the acquisition of EverWatch.

Cash Flows

Cash received from clients, either from the payment of invoices for work performed or for advances in excess of costs incurred, is our primary source of cash. We generally do not begin work on contracts until funding is appropriated by the client. Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a number of factors, including whether the contract type is cost-reimbursable, time-and-materials, or fixed-price. We generally bill and collect cash more frequently under cost-reimbursable and time-and-materials contracts, as we are authorized to bill as the costs are incurred or work is performed. In contrast, we may be limited to bill certain fixed-price contracts only when specified milestones, including deliveries, are achieved. In addition, a number of our contracts may provide for performance-based payments, which allow us to bill and collect cash prior to completing the work.

Accounts receivable is the principal component of our working capital and is generally driven by revenue growth with other short-term fluctuations related to the payment practices of our clients. Our accounts receivable reflects amounts billed to our clients as of each balance sheet date. Our clients generally pay our invoices within 30 days of the invoice date, although we experience a longer billing and collection cycle with our global commercial customers. At any month-end, we also include in accounts receivable the revenue that was recognized in the preceding month, which is generally billed early in the following month. Finally, we include in accounts receivable amounts related to revenue accrued in excess of amounts billed, primarily on our fixed-price and cost-reimbursable-plus-award-fee contracts. The total amount of our accounts receivable can vary significantly over time, but is generally sensitive to revenue levels and customer mix.

Operating Cash Flow

Net cash provided by operations is primarily affected by the overall profitability of our contracts, our ability to invoice and collect cash from clients in a timely manner, our ability to manage our vendor payments and the timing of cash paid for income taxes. Continued uncertainty in global economic conditions, including any potential impact of the U.S.

government’s failure to raise the debt ceiling, may also affect our business as customers and suppliers may decide to downsize, defer, or cancel contracts, which could negatively affect the operating cash flows. Net cash provided by operations was $365.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $481.2 million in the prior year period. Collections were in line with revenue growth but were offset by higher net cash taxes paid and higher interest expense which contributed to a decline in operating cash flows year over year.

Beginning in fiscal 2023, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures immediately in the year incurred and requires taxpayers to amortize such expenditures over five years. We currently anticipate our fiscal 2023 cash from operations will be negatively impacted by approximately $140 million as a result of this provision, but the actual impact on the current fiscal year will depend on if and when this provision is deferred, modified, or repealed by Congress, including if retroactively, any guidance issued by the Treasury Department regarding the identification of appropriate costs for capitalization, and the amount of research and development expenses paid or incurred in fiscal 2023 (among other factors). This change in deduction methodology is the primary driver of the increase in net cash taxes paid referenced in the paragraph above. This will also have an offsetting impact on deferred tax assets. While the largest impact will be to fiscal 2023 cash from operations, the impact would continue over the five year amortization period, but would decrease over the period and be immaterial in year six.

Investing Cash Flow

Net cash used in investing activities was $440.1 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $835.2 million in the prior year period. The increase to investing cash flows was primarily due to the Company's acquisition and divestiture activity in fiscal 2023 as compared to fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2022 the Company completed the acquisitions of Liberty and Tracepoint. In fiscal 2023 the Company completed the acquisition of EverWatch, as well as the divestitures of its MENA strategy consulting and MTS businesses.

35

Financing Cash Flow

Net cash used in financing activities was $250.6 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $5.9 million in the prior year period. The increase in net cash used by financing activities was primarily due to an increase of $311.6 million in debt repayments and a decrease of $72.3 million in net proceeds associated with the Company's debt refinancing transactions year over year. In the prior year, $493.7 million was received from the issuance of the 4.000% Senior Notes due 2029, whereas $414.8 million was received in the current year from the Company's September 2022 debt refinancing. These increases in cash used in financial activities were partially offset by the decline in share repurchases of $201.0 million over the prior year period.

Dividends and Share Repurchases

On January 27, 2023, the Company announced a regular quarterly cash dividend in the amount of $0.47 per share. The quarterly dividend is payable on March 1, 2023 to stockholders of record on February 10, 2023.

During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, quarterly cash dividends of $0.43 and $1.29 per share, respectively, were declared and paid totaling $57.3 million and $173.2 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2021, quarterly cash dividends of $0.37 and $1.11 per share, respectively, were declared and paid totaling $49.9 million and $151.7 million, respectively.

On December 12, 2011, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program, which was most recently increased by $400.0 million to $2,560.0 million on July 27, 2022. The Company may repurchase shares pursuant to the program by means of open market repurchases, directly negotiated repurchases or through agents acting pursuant to negotiated repurchase agreements. During the first nine months of fiscal 2023, the Company purchased 1.0 million shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock for an aggregate of $86.4 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $965.2 million remaining under the repurchase program.

Any determination to pursue one or more of the above alternative uses for excess cash is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors, and will depend upon various factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity requirements, restrictions that may be imposed by applicable law, our contracts, and our Credit Agreement as amended and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

Indebtedness

On September 7, 2022 (the “Ninth Amendment Effective Date”), Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. (“Booz Allen Hamilton”), Booz Allen Hamilton Investor Corporation (“Investor”), and certain wholly owned subsidiaries of Booz Allen Hamilton, entered into the Ninth Amendment (the “Ninth Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2012, as amended (the “Existing Credit Agreement” and, as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), with certain institutional lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, Issuing Lender, Refinancing Revolver Lender, New Refinancing Tranche A Term Lender and 2022 Supplemental Tranche A Lender. As of December 31, 2022, the Credit Agreement provided Booz Allen Hamilton with a $1,639.7 million Term Loan A (“New Term Loan A”) and a $1,000.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), with a sub-limit for letters of credit of $200.0 million (collectively, the “Secured Credit Facility”). Booz Allen Hamilton’s obligations and the guarantors’ guarantees under the Credit Agreement are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets (including capital stock of subsidiaries) of Booz Allen Hamilton, Investor and the subsidiary guarantors, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Credit Agreement and related documentation; such security is expected to be released in connection with Booz Allen Hamilton obtaining investment grade ratings from both Moody's and S&P.

Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment, (i) $1,000.0 million of revolving commitments outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement were refinanced by a new tranche of revolving commitments (the “New Revolving Commitments” and the revolving credit loans made thereunder, the “New Revolving Loans”) in an aggregate amount of $1,000.0 million, with a sublimit for letters of credit of $200.0 million and (ii) approximately $1,225.3 million of Term Loan A loans (the “Existing Term Loan A Loans”) and $379.3 million of Term Loan B loans (the “Existing Term Loan B Loans”) outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement were refinanced by a new tranche of Term Loan A loans in an aggregate amount, along with additional new tranche A term loans advanced by certain lenders, totaling $1,650.0 million. The majority of the proceeds of the New Term Loan A were used to prepay in full all of the Existing Term Loan A Loans and Existing Term Loan B Loans.

The Ninth Amendment extended the maturity of the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Commitments to September 7, 2027. Voluntary prepayments of the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Loans are permitted at any time, in minimum principal amounts, without premium or penalty.

36

The rate at which the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Loans bear interest will be based either on Term SOFR (subject to a 0.10% adjustment and a floor of zero) for the applicable interest period or a base rate (equal to the highest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime corporate rate, (ii) the overnight federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) three-month Term SOFR (subject to a 0.10% adjustment and a floor of zero) plus 1.00%), in each case plus an applicable margin, payable at the end of the applicable interest period and in any event at least quarterly. The applicable margin for the New Term Loan A and the New Revolving Loans ranges from 1.00% to 2.00% for Term SOFR loans and zero to1.00% for base rate loans, in each case based on the lower of (i) the applicable rate per annum determined pursuant to a consolidated total net leverage ratio grid and (ii) the applicable rate per annum determined pursuant to a ratings grid. Unused New Revolving Commitments are subject to a quarterly fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.35% based on the lower of (i) the applicable fee rate per annum determined pursuant to a consolidated total net leverage ratio grid and (ii) the applicable fee rate per annum determined pursuant to a ratings grid. Booz Allen Hamilton has also agreed to pay customary letter of credit and agency fees.

The Credit Agreement requires quarterly principal payments as follows: (i) 0.625% of the stated principal amount of the New Term Loan A on the last business day of each full fiscal quarter that begins after the Ninth Amendment Effective Date but on or before the two year anniversary of the Ninth Amendment Effective Date, and (ii) 1.25% of the stated principal amount of the New Term Loan A on the last business day of each full fiscal quarter that begins after the two year anniversary of the Ninth Amendment Effective Date but before the five year anniversary of the Ninth Amendment Effective Date. The remaining balance of the New Term Loan A will be payable upon maturity.

In connection with the Ninth Amendment, the Company accelerated the amortization of ratable portions of the Debt Issuance Costs, or DIC, and Original Issue Discount, or OID, associated with the prior senior secured loan facilities of $3.4 million. These expenses are reflected in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company expensed third party debt issuance costs of $6.9 million that did not qualify for deferral, which are reflected in general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, Booz Allen Hamilton was contingently liable under open standby letters of credit and bank guarantees issued by its banks in favor of third parties that totaled $6.1 million and $8.4 million, respectively. These letters of credit and bank guarantees primarily support insurance and bid and performance obligations. As of both December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, approximately $1.0 million of these instruments reduced our available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The remainder is guaranteed under a separate $20.0 million facility of which $14.9 million and $12.6 million, respectively, was available to Booz Allen Hamilton at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we had $999.0 million of capacity available for additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, Booz Allen Hamilton is required to meet a financial covenant at each quarter end based on a consolidated net total leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, Booz Allen Hamilton was in compliance with all financial covenants associated with its debt and debt-like instruments. In connection with Booz Allen Hamilton obtaining investment grade ratings from both Moody's and S&P, activities restricted by certain negative covenants are expected to be permitted subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants and no events of default having occurred and continuing.

The following table summarizes interest payments made on the Company’s term loans:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
New Term Loan A	$	24,845	$	—	$	24,845	$	—
Existing Term Loan A	—		4,733		14,165		15,197
Existing Term Loan B	—		1,795		5,209		5,401
Total	$	24,845	$	6,528	$	44,219	$	20,598

Borrowings under the New Term Loan A and, if used, the Revolving Credit Facility, incur interest at a variable rate. In accordance with our risk management strategy, Booz Allen Hamilton executed a series of interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2022, we had interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $550.0 million. These instruments hedge the variability of cash outflows for interest payments on the floating portion of our debt. The Company's objectives in using cash flow hedges are to reduce volatility due to interest rate movements and to add stability to interest expense (See Note 9, “Derivatives,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our cash flow hedges).

37

Senior Notes

For information on the terms, conditions, and restrictions of the Company's 4.000% Senior Notes due July 1, 2029 (the “Senior Notes due 2029”) and 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Notes due 2028”, and, together with the Senior Notes due 2029, the “Senior Notes”), see Note 10, “Debt,” of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the fiscal 2022 Form 10-K.

In connection with Booz Allen Hamilton obtaining investment grade ratings from both Moody's and S&P, certain negative covenants in the indentures governing the Senior Notes were suspended, and guarantees of the Senior Notes were released.

Capital Structure and Resources

Our stockholders’ equity amounted to $1,205.7 million as of December 31, 2022, an increase of $159.0 million, compared to stockholders’ equity of $1,046.7 million as of March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to net income of $339.6 million, stock-based compensation expense of $51.0 million, and issuance of common stock of $18.0 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by $98.2 million in treasury stock resulting from the repurchase of shares of our Class A Common Stock, and $172.7 million in quarterly dividend payments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022.

Capital Expenditures

Since we do not own any of our facilities, our capital expenditure requirements primarily relate to the purchase of computers, management systems, furniture, and leasehold improvements to support our operations. Direct facility and equipment costs billed to clients are not treated as capital expenses. Our capital expenditures for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $51.4 million and $51.6 million, respectively.

Commitments and Contingencies

We are subject to a number of reviews, investigations, claims, lawsuits, and other uncertainties related to our business. For a discussion of these items, refer to Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements contained or incorporated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, include forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “forecasts,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “outlook,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “preliminary,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give you no assurance these expectations will prove to have been correct. These forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include:

•any issue that compromises our relationships with the U.S. government or damages our professional reputation, including negative publicity concerning government contractors in general or us in particular;

•changes in U.S. government spending, including a continuation of efforts by the U.S. government to decrease spending for management support service contracts, and mission priorities that shift expenditures away from agencies or programs that we support, or as a result of the U.S. administration transition;

•efforts by Congress and other U.S. government bodies to reduce U.S. government spending and address budgetary constraints and the U.S. deficit, as well as associated uncertainty around the timing, extent, nature and effect of such efforts;

•delayed long-term funding of our contracts due to uncertainty relating to funding of the U.S. government and a possible failure of Congressional efforts to craft a long-term agreement on the U.S. government’s ability to incur indebtedness in excess of its current limits, or changes in the pattern or timing of government funding and spending;

•U.S. government shutdowns as a result of the failure by elected officials to fund the government;

•failure to comply with numerous laws and regulations, including but not limited to, the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”), the False Claims Act, the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement and FAR Cost Accounting Standards and Cost Principles;

•the effects of COVID-19 and other pandemics or widespread health epidemics, including disruptions to our workforce and the impact on government spending and demand for our solutions, as well as the impact of our Company policy requiring full COVID-19 vaccinations of all employees, except for employees who qualify for medical or religious exemptions;

38

•our ability to compete effectively in the competitive bidding process and delays or losses of contract awards caused by competitors' protests of major contract awards received by us;

•variable purchasing patterns under U.S. government General Services Administration Multiple Award schedule contracts, or GSA schedules, blanket purchase agreements and indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity, or IDIQ, contracts;

•the loss of GSA schedules or our position as prime contractor on government-wide acquisition contract vehicles, or GWACs;

•changes in the mix of our contracts and our ability to accurately estimate or otherwise recover expenses, time, and resources for our contracts;

•changes in estimates used in recognizing revenue;

•our ability to realize the full value of and replenish our backlog, generate revenue under certain of our contracts, and the timing of our receipt of revenue under contracts included in backlog;

•internal system or service failures and security breaches, including, but not limited to, those resulting from external or internal cyber attacks on our network and internal systems;

•risks related to the operation of financial management systems;

•an inability to attract, train, or retain employees with the requisite skills and experience;

•an inability to timely hire, assimilate and effectively utilize our employees, ensure that employees obtain and maintain necessary security clearances and/or effectively manage our cost structure;

•risks related to inflation that could impact the cost of doing business and/or reduce customer buying power;

•the loss of members of senior management or failure to develop new leaders;

•misconduct or other improper activities from our employees or subcontractors, including the improper use or release of our clients' sensitive or classified information;

•increased competition from other companies in our industry;

•failure to maintain strong relationships with other contractors, or the failure of contractors with which we have entered into a sub- or prime- contractor relationship to meet their obligations to us or our clients;

•inherent uncertainties and potential adverse developments in legal or regulatory proceedings, including litigation, audits, reviews, and investigations, which may result in materially adverse judgments, settlements, withheld payments, penalties, or other unfavorable outcomes including debarment, as well as disputes over the availability of insurance or indemnification;

•failure to comply with special U.S. government laws and regulations relating to our international operations;

•risks associated with increased competition, new relationships, clients, capabilities, and service offerings in our U.S. and international businesses;

•risks related to changes to our operating structure, capabilities, or strategy intended to address client needs, grow our business or respond to market developments;

•the adoption by the U.S. government of new laws, rules, and regulations, such as those relating to organizational conflicts of interest issues or limits;

•risks related to pending, completed and future acquisitions and dispositions, including the ability to satisfy specified closing conditions for pending transactions, such as those related to receipt of regulatory approval or lack of regulatory intervention, and to realize the expected benefits from completed acquisitions and dispositions;

•the incurrence of additional tax liabilities, including as a result of changes in tax laws or management judgments involving complex tax matters;

•risks inherent in the government contracting environment;

•continued efforts to change how the U.S. government reimburses compensation related costs and other expenses or otherwise limits such reimbursements and an increased risk of compensation being deemed unreasonable and unallowable or payments being withheld as a result of U.S. government audit, review, or investigation;

•increased insourcing by various U.S. government agencies due to changes in the definition of “inherently governmental” work, including proposals to limit contractor access to sensitive or classified information and work assignments;

•the size of our addressable markets and the amount of U.S. government spending on private contractors;

•risks related to our indebtedness and credit facilities which contain financial and operating covenants;

•the impact of changes in accounting rules and regulations, or interpretations thereof, that may affect the way we recognize and report our financial results, including changes in accounting rules governing recognition of revenue;

39

•the impact of ESG-related risks and climate change generally on our and our clients' businesses and operations; and

•other risks and factors listed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as those listed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022.

In light of these risks, uncertainties and other factors, the forward-looking statements might not prove to be accurate and you should not place undue reliance upon them. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made and we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the information disclosed in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk section in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2022.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

40

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

Our performance under U.S. government contracts and compliance with the terms of those contracts and applicable laws and regulations are subject to continuous audit, review, and investigation by the U.S. government which may include such investigative techniques as subpoenas or civil investigative demands. Given the nature of our business, these audits, reviews, and investigations may focus, among other areas, on various aspects of procurement integrity, labor time reporting, sensitive and/or classified information access and control, executive compensation, and post government employment restrictions. We are not always aware of our status in such matters, but we are currently aware of certain pending audits and investigations involving labor time reporting, procurement integrity, and classified information access. In addition, from time to time, we are also involved in legal proceedings and investigations arising in the ordinary course of business, including those relating to employment matters, relationships with clients and contractors, intellectual property disputes, and other business matters. These legal proceedings seek various remedies, including claims for monetary damages in varying amounts, none of which are considered material, or are unspecified as to amount. Although the outcome of any such matter is inherently uncertain and may be materially adverse, based on current information, we do not expect any of the currently ongoing audits, reviews, investigations, or litigation to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, there were no material amounts accrued in the condensed consolidated financial statements related to these proceedings.

On June 7, 2017, Booz Allen Hamilton was informed that the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting a civil and criminal investigation of the Company. In connection with the investigation, the DOJ has requested information from the Company relating to certain elements of the Company’s cost accounting and indirect cost charging practices with the U.S. government. Since learning of the investigation, the Company has engaged a law firm experienced in these matters to represent the Company in connection with this matter and respond to the government's requests. As is commonly the case with this type of matter, the Company has also been in contact with other regulatory agencies and bodies, including the SEC, which notified the Company that it is conducting an investigation that the Company believes relates to the matters that are also the subject of the DOJ's investigation. The Company may receive additional regulatory or governmental inquiries related to the matters that are the subject of the DOJ's investigation. On May 12, 2021, the Company was informed that the DOJ has closed its criminal investigation. In accordance with the Company's practice, the Company continues to cooperate with all relevant government parties and believes that it has meritorious defenses to the concerns raised by the DOJ. In order to explore whether a negotiated resolution is possible, the Company has entered into settlement discussions with the DOJ. In connection with these settlement discussions, the Company recorded a $124.0 million reserve in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 as a component of general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, which we believe represents the low end of our range of probable loss. There can be no assurance that any settlement will be achieved and, if a settlement is achieved, what the total dollar amount will be of any such settlement. Accordingly, at this time the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the possible range of cost or any loss in excess of the reserve associated with these matters. Changes in the reserve may be required in future periods as discussions with the DOJ continue and additional information becomes available. The total cost associated with these matters will depend on many factors, including the duration of these matters and any related findings. Any settlement that is achieved or any adverse outcome in any litigation that is brought could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

On June 19, 2017, a purported stockholder of the Company filed a putative class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia styled Langley v. Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corp., No. 17-cv-00696 naming the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, and its Chief Financial Officer as defendants purportedly on behalf of all purchasers of the Company’s securities from May 19, 2016 through June 15, 2017. On September 5, 2017, the court named two lead plaintiffs, and on October 20, 2017, the lead plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. The complaint asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging misrepresentations or omissions by the Company purporting to relate to matters that are the subject of the DOJ investigation described above. The plaintiffs seek to recover from the Company and the individual defendants an unspecified amount of damages. The Company believes the suit lacks merit and intends to defend against the lawsuit. Motions to dismiss were argued on January 12, 2018, and on February 8, 2018, the court dismissed the amended complaint in its entirety without prejudice. At this stage of the lawsuit, the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the expected amount or range of cost or any loss associated with the lawsuit.

41

On November 13, 2017, a Verified Shareholder Derivative Complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware styled Celine Thum v. Rozanski et al., C.A. No. 17-cv-01638, naming the Company as a nominal defendant and numerous current and former officers and directors as defendants. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b), and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, purportedly relating to matters that are the subject of the DOJ investigation described above. The parties have stipulated to a stay of the proceedings pending the outcome of the securities litigation (described above), which the court so ordered on January 24, 2018. On December 12, 2019, the court ordered that the stay remain in effect and ordered the parties to submit periodic status reports. On May 27, 2020, November 23, 2020, May 24, 2021, November 22, 2021, and May 23, 2022, the parties submitted status reports stating that plaintiff believes the stay should remain in effect and defendants do not object to the stay remaining in effect. At this stage of the lawsuit, the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the expected amount or range of cost or any loss associated with the lawsuit.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

There have been no material changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2022.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table shows the share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2022:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
October 2022	103,836	$96.30	103,836	$	965,188,172
November 2022	—	$—	—	$	965,188,172
December 2022	—	$—	—	$	965,188,172
Total	103,836		103,836

(1)On December 12, 2011, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program, which was most recently increased by $400.0 million to $2,560.0 million on July 27, 2022. A special committee of the Board of Directors was appointed to evaluate market conditions and other relevant factors and initiate repurchases under the program from time to time. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice. The above table does not factor in any increases to the share repurchase program subsequent to December 31, 2022.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None. 

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information

None.

42

Item 6.    Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer*
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer*
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350)*
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350)*
101	The following materials from Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

___________________________________

*    Filed electronically herewith.

43

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

		Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation
		Registrant
Date: January 27, 2023	By:	/s/ Matthew A. Calderone
		Matthew A. Calderone Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

44