Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended |
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Mar. 31, 2017 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company include its subsidiaries, and the joint ventures and partnerships over which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in entities that it does not control if it is otherwise able to exert significant influence over the entities' operating and financial policies. The Company’s fiscal year ends on March 31 and unless otherwise noted, references to fiscal year or fiscal are for fiscal years ended March 31. The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 and the Company’s results of operations for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016, and fiscal 2015. Certain amounts reported in the Company's prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Areas of the consolidated financial statements where estimates may have the most significant effect include contractual and regulatory reserves, valuation and lives of tangible and intangible assets, contingent consideration related to business acquisitions, impairment of long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, revenue recognition and costs to complete fixed-price contracts, bonus and other incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, reserves for tax benefits and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, provisions for income taxes, postretirement obligations, certain deferred costs, collectability of receivables, and loss accruals for litigation. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially from management's estimates. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from services and solutions provided to the U.S. government and its agencies, primarily by the Company’s consulting staff and, to a lesser extent, subcontractors. The Company generates its revenue from the following types of contractual arrangements: cost-reimbursable-plus-fee contracts, time-and-materials contracts, and fixed-price contracts. Revenue on cost-reimbursable-plus-fee contracts is recognized as services are performed, generally based on the allowable costs incurred during the period plus any recognizable earned fee. The Company considers fixed fees under cost-reimbursable-plus-fee contracts to be earned in proportion to the allowable costs incurred in performance of the contract. For cost-reimbursable-plus-fee contracts that include performance-based fee incentives, which are principally award fee arrangements, the Company recognizes income when such fees are probable and estimable. Estimates of the total fee to be earned are made based on contract provisions, prior experience with similar contracts or clients, and management’s evaluation of the performance on such contracts. Revisions to these estimates may result in increases or decreases to revenue and income, and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in periods in which they are identified. Historically, revisions to these estimates have not had a material effect on our results of operations. Contract costs, including indirect expenses, are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency, or DCAA, and, accordingly, are subject to possible cost disallowances. Executive compensation that we determine to be allowable for cost reimbursement based on management's estimates is recognized as revenue, net of reserves. Management's estimates in this regard are based on a number of factors that may change over time, including executive compensation survey data, our and other government contractors' experiences with the DCAA audit practices in our industry, and relevant decisions of courts and boards of contract appeals. Revenue earned under time-and-materials contracts is recognized as hours are worked based on contractually billable rates to the client. Costs on time-and-materials contracts are expensed as incurred. Revenue on fixed-price contracts is primarily recognized using the percentage of completion method based on actual costs incurred relative to total estimated costs for the contract. On some fixed-price contracts the Company may use an alternative input method to calculate the percent complete, such as labor hours or labor dollars. This method is used when a contract contains significant, up-front material purchases resulting in costs incurred that are not representative of the actual progress on the contract. In either method, these estimated costs are updated during the term of the contract, and may result in revision by the Company of recognized revenue and estimated costs in the period in which the changes in estimated costs are identified. Historically, revisions to these estimates have not had a material effect on our results of operations. Profits on fixed-price contracts result from the difference between incurred costs used to calculate the percentage of completion and revenue earned. Contract accounting requires significant judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract revenue and costs, and making assumptions for schedule and technical issues. Due to the size and nature of many of the Company’s contracts, developing total revenue and cost at completion estimates requires the use of significant judgment. Contract costs include direct labor and billable expenses and an allocation of allowable indirect costs. Billable expenses is comprised of subcontracting costs and other “out of pocket” costs that often include, but are not limited to, travel-related costs and telecommunications charges. The Company typically recognizes revenue and billable expenses from these transactions on a gross basis when it is the primary obligor on our contracts with customers. Assumptions regarding the length of time to complete the contract also include expected increases in wages and prices for materials. Estimates of total contract revenue and costs are monitored during the term of the contract and are subject to revision as the contract progresses. Anticipated losses on contracts are recognized in the period they are deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s contracts may include the delivery of a combination of one or more of the Company’s service offerings. In these situations, the Company determines whether such arrangements with multiple service offerings should be treated as separate units of accounting based on how the elements are bid or negotiated, whether the customer can accept separate elements of the arrangement, and the relationship between the pricing on the elements individually and combined. All other revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services or products have been provided to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include operating cash on hand and highly liquid investments having a weighted average maturity of 60 days or less and a weighted average life of 120 days or less. The Company’s cash equivalents consist primarily of institutional and government money market funds. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank accounts that, at times, exceed the federally insured FDIC limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. |
Valuation of Accounts Receivable | Valuation of Accounts Receivable The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts against certain billed and unbilled receivables based upon the latest information regarding whether specific charges are recoverable or invoices are ultimately collectible. Assessing the recoverability of charges and collectability of customer receivables requires management judgment. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by specifically analyzing individual accounts receivable, historical bad debts, customer credit-worthiness, current economic conditions, accounts receivable aging trends for billed receivables, availability of funding, compliance with contractual terms and conditions, client satisfaction with work performed, and other factors impacting unbilled receivables. Valuation reserves are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about the ultimate recoverability and collectability of accounts receivable becomes available. Upon determination that a receivable is uncollectible, the receivable balance and any associated reserve are written off. |
Concentrations of Credit Risk | Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash equivalents are generally invested in prime or U.S. government money market funds. The Company believes that credit risk for accounts receivable is limited as the receivables are primarily with the U.S. government. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost, and the balances are presented net of accumulated depreciation. The cost of software purchased or internally developed is capitalized, as appropriate. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Furniture and equipment is depreciated over five to ten years, computer equipment is depreciated over four years, and software purchased or developed for internal use is depreciated over three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. The difference between the cash payment and rent expense is recorded as deferred rent in either accounts payable and other accrued expenses or other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, depending on when the amounts will be recognized. The Company receives incentives for tenant improvements on certain of its leases. The cash expended on such improvements is recorded as property and equipment and amortized over the life of the associated asset, or lease term, whichever is shorter. Incentives for tenant improvements are recorded as deferred rent in either accounts payable and other accrued expenses or other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets depending on when the amounts will be recognized. Incentives for tenant improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
Business Combinations | Business Combinations The accounting for the Company’s business combinations consists of allocating the purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. The Company has up to one year from the acquisition date to use information as of each acquisition date to adjust the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities which may result in material changes to their recorded values with an offsetting adjustment to goodwill. |
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets Intangible assets primarily consist of the Company's trade name, customer relationships, and other amortizable intangible assets. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis over the expected life based on projected future cash flows of approximately seven to twelve years. The Company's trade name is not amortized, but is tested for impairment on at least an annual basis as of January 1 and more frequently if interim indicators of impairment exist. The trade name is considered to be impaired if the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company used the relief from royalty method to estimate the fair value. The fair value of the asset is the present value of the license fees avoided by owning the asset, or the royalty savings. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded impairment charges related to intangible assets acquired in an acquisition. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, and 2015, the Company did not record any impairment of intangible assets. |
Goodwill | Goodwill The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on at least an annual basis on January 1 unless interim indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill is considered to be impaired when the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company operates as a single operating segment and as a single reporting unit for the purpose of evaluating goodwill. As of January 1, 2017, the Company performed its annual impairment test of goodwill by comparing the fair value of the Company (based on market capitalization) to the carrying value of the Company's net equity, and concluded that the fair value of the reporting unit was significantly greater than the carrying amount. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company did not record any impairment of goodwill. |
Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company did not record any impairment charges. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company provides for income taxes as a “C” corporation on income earned from operations. The Company is subject to federal, state, and foreign taxation in various jurisdictions. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded to recognize the expected future tax benefits or costs of events that have been, or will be, reported in different years for financial statement purposes than for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the consolidated financial statement carrying amount and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates and laws for the years in which these items are expected to reverse. If management determines that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset is not “more likely than not” to be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the income tax provision to reduce the deferred tax asset to an appropriate level in that period. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, management considers all positive and negative evidence, including historical earnings, projected future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in prior carryback periods, and prudent, feasible tax-planning strategies. The Company periodically assesses its tax positions for all periods open to examination by tax authorities based on the latest available information. Where it is not more likely than not that the Company’s tax position will be sustained, the Company records its best estimate of the resulting tax liability, penalties, and interest in the consolidated financial statements. These uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. As uncertain tax positions in periods open to examination are closed out, or as new information becomes available, the resulting change is reflected in the recorded liability and income tax expense. Penalties and interest recognized related to the reserves for uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. |
Comprehensive Income | Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income is the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources, and is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of net unrealized losses on the Company’s defined and postretirement benefit plans. |
Share-Based Payments | Share-Based Payments Share-based payments to employees are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on their grant date fair values with the expense recognized on an accelerated basis over the vesting period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of its awards at the time of the grant. |
Defined Benefit Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits The Company recognizes the underfunded status of defined benefit plans on the consolidated balance sheets within other long-term liabilities. Gains and losses, and prior service costs and credits that have not yet been recognized through net periodic benefit cost are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects, and will be amortized as a component of net periodic cost in future periods. The measurement date, the date at which the benefit obligations are measured, is the Company’s fiscal year-end. The Company also offers medical and dental benefits to inactive employees (and their eligible dependents) on long-term disability. These benefits do not vary with an employee's years of service; therefore, the Company is required to accrue the costs of the benefits at the date the inactive employee become disability eligible and elects to participate in the benefit. The accrued cost for such benefits is calculated using an actuarial estimate of the present value of all future benefit payments for obligations at the end of the fiscal year. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 the Company identified misstatements related to unrecognized accrued costs, goodwill, deferred tax assets, and related effects on earnings associated with these benefits in previously issued consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluated the effects of the misstatements to the Company's current and prior period consolidated financial statements and determined the impact was immaterial. As result, the effects of the immaterial misstatements have been corrected in the current period. Refer to Notes 5, 12 and 13 for further discussion. |
Self-Funded Medical Plans | Self-Funded Medical Plans The Company maintains self-funded medical insurance. Self-funded plans include Consumer Driven Health Plans with a Health Savings Account option and traditional choice plans. Further, self-funded plans also include prescription drug and dental benefits. The Company records an incurred but unreported claim liability in the accrued compensation and benefits line of the consolidated balance sheets for self-funded plans based on an actuarial valuation. The estimate of the incurred but unreported claim liability was provided by a third-party valuation firm, primarily based on claims and participant data for the medical, dental, and pharmacy related costs. |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which the asset or liability would transact, and if necessary, consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The accounting guidance for fair value measurements establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets (Level 1); inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2); and unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions (Level 3). Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on the Company’s fair value measurements. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new standard that will replace existing revenue recognition standards and significantly expand the disclosure requirements for revenue arrangements. In July 2015, the FASB approved a one year delay in the effective date of the standard, which will now be effective for the Company beginning on April 1, 2018 (i.e., beginning with the first quarter fiscal 2019 interim financial statements). The Company anticipates adopting the new revenue standard using the full retrospective transition method; however, the Company's ability to adopt using the full retrospective method is dependent on system and process readiness and the completion of our analysis of information necessary to recast our prior period financial statements. A dedicated implementation team has been established that continues to make progress toward completing the evaluation of the impact of the new standard. An initial accounting assessment of the new standard has been completed and the Company is not currently expecting significant changes related to recognizing revenue and earnings over time for long-term contracts as work progresses because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer, generally using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred) to reflect progress. The Company is also continuing to evaluate the impact of the new standard in other areas, including contract modifications and estimation and recognition of variable consideration for contracts to provide services. The Company is in the process of quantifying the financial statement impacts, revising current accounting policies, evaluating changes to internal controls, and determining the appropriate changes to business processes. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, to increase transparency and comparability of accounting for lease transactions. The new standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheet for all leases with a lease term of greater than 12 months. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing what effect the adoption of this standard may have on the consolidated financial statements. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB during fiscal 2017 and through the filing date did not and are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company's present or historical consolidated financial statements. |