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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the operating activity of QRHC and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

As Quest, LDI, Youchange, QVC, QV One, QSS, RWS, and SSG each operate as environmental-based service companies, we did not deem segment reporting necessary.

Accounting Estimates

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

We use significant estimates when accounting for the carrying amounts of accounts receivable, goodwill and other intangible assets, deferred taxes, and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions and stock-based compensation expense, all of which are discussed in their respective notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue as services are performed or products are delivered. For example, we recognize revenue as waste and recyclable material are collected or when products are delivered. We recognize revenue net of any contracted pricing discounts or rebate arrangements.

We generally recognize revenue for the gross amount of consideration received as we are generally the primary obligor (or principal) in our contracts with customers as we hold complete responsibility to the customer for contract fulfillment. In situations in which we are not primarily obligated, we do not have credit risk, or we determine amounts earned using fixed percentage payment schedules, we record the revenue net of certain cost amounts. We record amounts collected from customers for sales tax on a net basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

We follow the allowance method of recognizing uncollectible accounts receivable, which recognizes bad debt expense based on a review of the individual accounts outstanding and our prior history of uncollectible accounts receivable. We extend credit based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition, and our receivables are generally unsecured. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts in the consolidated balance sheets. We consider accounts past due if outstanding longer than contractual payment terms. We record an allowance based on consideration of a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts are past due, our previous loss history, the creditworthiness of individual customers, economic conditions affecting specific customer industries, and economic conditions in general. We charge-off accounts receivable after all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted. We credit payments subsequently received on such receivables to bad debt expense in the period we receive the payment.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had established an allowance of $840,522 and $935,261, respectively, for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable. We record delinquent finance charges on outstanding accounts receivable only if they are collected.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a $47,940 increase in our allowance for doubtful accounts related to certain receivables acquired in the Green Remedies acquisition. See Note 3 for further discussion of acquisitions.

The changes in our allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


		Years ended December 31,
		2021				2020
Beginning balance		$	935,261			$	767,464
Bad debt expense			213,158				120,936
Uncollectible accounts written off, net			(307,897	)			(1,079	)
Addition related to acquisition			—				47,940
Ending balance		$	840,522			$	935,261

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Topic 820 also specifies a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect our own estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

We record property and equipment at cost. We provide for depreciation on the straight-line method, over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We amortize leasehold improvements over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the remaining term of the related leases. We charge expenditures for repairs and maintenance to operations as incurred; we capitalize renewals and betterments when they extend the useful life of the asset. We record gains and losses on the disposition of property and equipment in the period incurred. We report assets held for sale, if any, at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

The useful lives of property and equipment for purposes of computing depreciation are as follows:


Vehicles		5 to 7 years
Computer equipment		3 to 5 years
Office furniture and fixtures		5 to 7 years
Machinery and equipment		5 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements		5 to 7 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We analyze long-lived assets, including property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, which are held and used in our operations, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We review the amortization method and estimated period of useful life at least at each balance sheet date. We record the effects of any revision to operations when the change arises. We recognize impairment when the estimated undiscounted cash flow generated by those assets is less than the carrying amounts of such assets. The amount of impairment is the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of such assets. We did not recognize any impairment charges for long-lived assets during 2021 and 2020.

Goodwill

We record as goodwill the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. We do not amortize goodwill; however, annually, or whenever there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired, we evaluate qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Our test of goodwill impairment includes assessing qualitative factors and the use of judgment in evaluating economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, and entity-specific events, such as market capitalization as compared to our book value. We performed our most recent goodwill impairment analysis in the third quarter of 2021 with no impairment recorded.

Net Income per Share

Net Income per Share

We compute basic net income per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the number of common stock equivalents for Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”), during the period. We compute diluted net income per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. Dilutive potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants. Dilutive potential securities are excluded from the computation of earnings per share if their effect is antidilutive. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.

Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, and trade accounts receivable. We deposit our cash with commercial banks. Cash deposits at commercial banks are at risk to the extent that the balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured level per institution. The bank cash balances on deposit may periodically exceed federally insured limits, however, we have never experienced any losses related to these balances.

We sell our services and products primarily to customers without requiring collateral; however, we routinely assess the financial condition of our customers and maintain allowances for anticipated losses. From year to year, the customers that exceed 10% of our annual revenue, if any, may change. The following table discloses the number of customers that accounted for more than 10% of our annual revenue and their related receivable balances for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:


		Customers Exceeding 10% of Revenue
Year		Number of Customers				Revenue Combined Percent				Accounts Receivable Combined Percent
2021			2				38	%			8	%
2020			3				51	%			27	%

We believe we have no significant credit risk in excess of recorded reserves.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and current and long-term operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We currently do not have any material finance lease arrangements.

Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease in determining the present value of future payments.

When we have the option to extend the lease term, terminate the lease before the contractual expiration date, or purchase the leased asset, and if it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option, we consider these options in determining the classification and measurement of the lease. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. We establish valuation allowances to reduce a deferred tax asset to the amount expected to be realized. We assess our ability to realize deferred tax assets based on current earnings performance and on projections of future taxable income in the relevant tax jurisdictions. These projections do not include taxable income from the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and do not reflect a general growth assumption but do consider known or pending events, such as the passage of legislation. We review our estimates of future taxable income annually. We first analyze all tax positions to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. After the initial analysis, we measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Our income tax returns are subject to adjustment under audit for approximately the last three years.

If we are required to pay interest on the underpayment of income taxes, we recognize interest expense in the first period the interest becomes due according to the provisions of the relevant tax law.

If we are subject to payment of penalties, we recognize an expense for the amount of the statutory penalty in the period when the position is taken on the income tax return. If we did not recognize the penalty in the period when the position was initially taken, we recognize the expense in the period when we change our judgment about meeting minimum statutory thresholds related to the initial position taken.

Advertising

We charge our advertising costs to expense when incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, advertising expense totaled $41,930 and $51,247, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure all share-based payments, including grants of options to purchase common stock and the issuance of DSUs to employees, third parties and board members, using a fair value-based method, in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation. We classify all share-based awards as equity instruments and recognize the vesting of the awards ratably over their respective terms. See Note 13 for a description of our share-based compensation plan and information related to awards granted under the plan.

We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model. Significant assumptions used in the calculation are as follows:

•

We determine the expected term in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 using the simplified method for plain vanilla options by the average of the contractual term and vesting period of the award as appropriate statistical data required to properly estimate the expected term was not available;

•

We measure the expected volatility using the historical changes in the market price of our common stock;

•

We use the implied yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a remaining maturity equal to the expected term of the awards to approximate the risk-free interest rate; and

•

We recognize the effects of forfeitures in compensation cost when they occur.

Deferred Stock Units

Deferred Stock Units

Effective September 1, 2019, nonemployee directors can elect to receive all or a portion of their annual retainers in the form of DSUs. The DSUs are recognized at their fair value on the date of grant. Director fees deferred into stock units are calculated and expensed

each month by taking fees earned during the month and dividing by the closing price of our common stock on the last trading day of the month, rounded down to the nearest whole share. Each DSU represents the right to receive one share of our common stock following the completion of a director’s service. In addition, certain executive compensation expense is also granted in the form of DSUs.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

Our acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. In purchase accounting, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date, and any remaining purchase price is recorded as goodwill. In determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make significant estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to long-lived tangible and intangible assets. Critical estimates used in valuing tangible and intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, discount rates, market prices and asset lives. See Note 3 for more information related to our acquisitions.

Our consolidated financial statements include the results of operations from the date of the acquisitions.

We expense all acquisition-related costs as incurred in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-11 Earnings per Share (Topic 260). The amendments in Part I of this ASU changed the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity-classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. A deemed dividend of $205,014 was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the down round provision in certain outstanding warrants. See Notes 13 and 14.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This standard provides operational guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting due to the cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The amendments are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments generally do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022. As further discussed in Note 7, our ABL Facility provides procedures for determining a replacement or alternative rate in the event that LIBOR is unavailable. As such, we do not expect the transition away from LIBOR to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Pending Adoption

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), which provides guidance on measuring credit losses on financial instruments. The amended guidance replaces current incurred loss impairment methodology of recognizing credit losses when a loss is probable with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to assess credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for us on January 1, 2023. We are assessing the provisions of this amended guidance; however, the adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

There have been no other recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet adopted that are of significance, or potential significance, to us.