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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for all periods presented is based on an estimated effective income tax rate for the respective fiscal years. The estimated annual effective income tax rate is determined excluding the effect of significant discrete items or items that are reported net of their related tax effects. The tax effect of significant discrete items is reflected in the period in which they occur. The Company's income tax expense is impacted by a number of factors, including the amount of taxable earnings derived in foreign jurisdictions with tax rates that are generally higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate, state tax rates in the jurisdictions where the Company does business and the Company's ability to utilize various tax credits, capital loss and net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards.
In October 2021, more than 130 countries agreed to implement Pillar 2, a plan introduced by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) providing for a global minimum tax rate of 15% (calculated on a country-by-country basis) for those companies having consolidated revenue of at least €750 million. The implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax rules is intended to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. The main purpose of such rules is to minimize tax base erosion and profit shifting from higher tax jurisdictions to lower tax jurisdictions by multi-national companies. On December 20, 2022, the OECD issued various administrative guidance including transitional safe harbor rules available in conjunction with the implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax. On February 1, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board indicated that they view the minimum tax (“Top-Up Tax”) imposed under Pillar 2 as an alternative minimum tax, and as such, it should be recognized in the period incurred versus recognizing or adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities. Based upon the current OECD rules and administrative guidance, the Company does not anticipate being subject to material Top-Up Taxes as various tax jurisdictions begin enacting such legislation. The Company is continuing to monitor the potential impact of the Pillar 2 proposals and developments on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, including eligibility for any transitional safe harbor rules. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has determined that no accrual is currently required for Top-Up Taxes.
The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and valuation allowances are established based on historical losses, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, as deemed appropriate. In addition, all other available positive and negative evidence is taken into consideration for the purpose of determining the proper balances of such valuation allowances. As a result of this review, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against U.S. federal and state capital loss carryforwards, as well as certain foreign NOL carryforwards and related deferred tax assets and continues to maintain a partial valuation allowance against certain U.S. state NOL and tax credit carryforwards. Future changes to the balances of these valuation allowances, as a result of this continued review and analysis by the Company, could impact the financial statements for such period of change.
The income tax provision was $16.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $12.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 28.0% versus 26.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2023 was above the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the accrual of additional income taxes associated with compensation deduction limitations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the accrual of various state income taxes and the accrual of foreign income taxes, which are generally above the U.S. federal statutory rate, partially offset by the recognition of income tax benefits associated with share-based payments.
The income tax provision was $42.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $34.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 25.7% versus 27.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The effective income tax rate for
the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was above the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the accrual of additional income taxes associated with compensation deduction limitations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the accrual of various state income taxes and the accrual of foreign income taxes, which are generally above the U.S. federal statutory rate, partially offset by the recognition of certain previously unrecognized tax benefits due to the lapse of the applicable statutes of limitations and income tax benefits associated with share-based payments. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was above the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the accrual of additional income taxes associated with compensation deduction limitations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the accrual of various state income taxes and the accrual of foreign income taxes, which are generally above the U.S. federal statutory rate, partially offset by the recognition of income tax benefits associated with share-based payments.
The Company’s total liability for net unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $3.6 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in income tax expense. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits includes gross accrued interest and penalties of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The Company recognized $(0.1) million and $0.3 million of net interest and penalties as income tax (benefit) expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.
The Company conducts business in multiple locations within and outside the U.S. Consequently, the Company is subject to periodic income tax examinations by domestic and foreign income tax authorities. In accordance with the terms of the sale agreement relating to a group of certain previously owned legal entities (the parent of which was VAG Holding GbmH, “VAG”), the Company is required to indemnify the purchaser for any future income tax liabilities associated with all open tax years ended prior to, and including, the short period ended on the date of the Company's sale of VAG. VAG was notified by the German tax authorities of its intention to conduct an income tax examination of the VAG German entities’ corporate income and trade tax returns for the tax years ended March 31, 2014 through 2020. Similarly, in accordance with the Spin-Off Transaction, the Company is required to indemnify Regal Rexnord Corporation for any future income tax liabilities associated with PMC entities relating to all open tax years ended prior to, and including, the short period ended on the date of the Spin-Off. There are currently a number of ongoing tax examinations being conducted by the applicable tax authorities in Germany with respect to certain PMC entities. It appears reasonably possible that the amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits and indemnification liabilities could change in the next twelve months upon conclusion of the current ongoing examinations; however, any potential payments of income tax, interest and penalties are not expected to be significant to the Company's consolidated financial statements. With certain exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for tax years ended prior to December 31, 2020, state and local income tax examinations for years ended prior to March 31, 2020 or significant foreign income tax examinations for years ended prior to March 31, 2019.