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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

(13) Income Taxes

The Company is subject to income tax in the United States as well as other tax jurisdictions in which it conducts business. Earnings from non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax. The Company does not provide for U.S. deferred income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are reinvested indefinitely.

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. In each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in that quarter. The Company’s quarterly tax provision, and its quarterly estimate of its annual effective tax rate, are subject to significant volatility due to several factors, including the Company’s ability to accurately predict its pre-tax income and loss in multiple jurisdictions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $0.7 million and a provision for income taxes of $0.3 million, respectively, resulting in an effective tax rate of (2.69)% and 2.12%, respectively. During the first quarter of 2020 there were deferred tax liabilities recorded in connection with the preliminary purchase price accounting for the Company’s completed first quarter acquisitions and certain of such deferred tax liabilities will be a source of future taxable income to realize a portion of Company’s deferred tax assets, which resulted in a discrete tax benefit of approximately $1.0 million being recorded in the quarter. This benefit was offset by foreign income taxes and state taxes of $0.3 million.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had gross tax-effected unrecognized tax provision of $0.6 million, of which $0.6 million, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective tax rate. The Company’s existing tax positions will continue to generate an increase in unrecognized tax benefits in subsequent periods. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the amounts recorded related to the accrual of interest and penalties were immaterial in each period.  

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act in March 2020. The CARES Act includes various income and payroll tax measures. The income tax measures are not expected to materially impact our financial statements.