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Stock Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Assumptions Used in Determining Fair Value of Shares Issuable

The fair value of shares issuable under the 2016 ESPP is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 

 

2022

 

2021

 

2022

 

2021

Employee Stock Purchase Plan:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expected term (in years) (1)

 

0.50

 

0.50

 

0.50

 

0.50

Expected volatility (2)

 

70%

 

45%

 

65% - 70%

 

45% - 60%

Risk-free interest rate (3)

 

3.33%

 

0.05%

 

0.86% - 3.33%

 

0.05% - 0.06%

Dividend rate (4)

 

0%

 

0%

 

0%

 

0%

 

(1)
The expected term represents the contractual term of the 2016 ESPP;
(2)
The expected volatility of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant is based on the weighted average of the Company’s historical volatility as a public company, the implied volatility of publicly-traded options on the Company’s common stock and the volatilities of publicly traded peer companies that are reasonably comparable to the Company’s own operations;
(3)
The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the expected term of the grant; and
(4)
The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to pay any dividends on the Company’s common stock.
Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity:

 

 

Stock options
outstanding

 

 

Weighted
average
exercise price

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2021

 

 

157,740

 

 

$

23.83

 

Exercised

 

 

(5,133

)

 

 

19.40

 

Forfeited

 

 

(4,393

)

 

 

36.98

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2022

 

 

148,214

 

 

 

23.60

 

Schedule of Stock Options Outstanding, Vested and Expected to Vest and Exercisable Stock options outstanding, vested and expected to vest and exercisable are as follows:

 

 

As of September 30, 2022

 

 

 

Number
of shares

 

 

Remaining
contractual
life (years)

 

 

Weighted-
average
exercise price

 

Outstanding

 

 

148,214

 

 

 

4.35

 

 

$

23.60

 

Vested and expected to vest

 

 

148,214

 

 

 

4.35

 

 

 

23.60

 

Exercisable

 

 

148,214

 

 

 

4.35

 

 

 

23.60

 

Schedule of Vested and Nonvested Stock Option Activity

Vested and nonvested stock option activity was as follows:

 

 

Vested

 

 

 

Options
outstanding

 

 

Weighted
average
exercise
price

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2022

 

 

148,214

 

 

$

23.60

 

Summary of RSU and PSU Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and PSU activity:

 

 

Number of Shares

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2021

 

 

1,579,738

 

Granted

 

 

3,430,094

 

Vested

 

 

(515,305

)

Forfeited

 

 

(647,122

)

Outstanding at September 30, 2022

 

 

3,847,405

 

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recorded the total stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 

 

 

2022

 

 

2021

 

 

2022

 

 

2021

 

Cost of revenue

 

$

1,938

 

 

$

1,260

 

 

$

4,197

 

 

$

3,078

 

Sales and marketing

 

 

6,130

 

 

 

5,747

 

 

 

13,736

 

 

 

15,068

 

Research and development

 

 

4,543

 

 

 

3,106

 

 

 

10,497

 

 

 

7,696

 

General and administrative

 

 

4,796

 

 

 

7,328

 

 

 

11,272

 

 

 

19,789

 

Total

 

$

17,407

 

 

$

17,441

 

 

$

39,702

 

 

$

45,631

 

Market Based Grants  
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Assumptions Used in Determining Fair Value of Shares Issuable

Fair value of the market-based grants is determined using the Monte-Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2022

 

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2022

Market-Based Grants:

 

 

 

 

Expected term (in years)

 

0.98

 

0.98 - 1.50

Expected volatility

 

69%

 

58% - 69%

Risk-free interest rate

 

4.00%

 

1.97% - 4.00%

Dividend rate

 

0%

 

0%