UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-34099

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

PENNSYLVANIA	26-2753540
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1305 Cherrington Parkway, Building 210, Suite 400 Moon Township, Pennsylvania	15108
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (412) 787-2100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share	MHH	NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, outstanding as of October 31, 2024 was 11,705,973.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

			Page
PART 1	FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements:		3
	(a)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	3
	(b)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	4
	(c)	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	5
	(d)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	6
	(e)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	7
	(f)	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		27
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION		27
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		27
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		27
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		28
Item 5.	Other Information		29
Item 6.	Exhibits		30
	SIGNATURES		31

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues	$	51,839		$	47,779		$	148,196		$	155,046
Cost of revenues		37,068			35,213			107,314			115,354
Gross profit		14,771			12,566			40,882			39,692
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Operating expenses		12,332			12,615			37,156			38,937
Employment-related claim, net of recoveries		—			—			—			3,100
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		12,332			12,615			37,156			42,037
Income (loss) from operations		2,439			(49	)		3,726			(2,345	)
Interest income (expense), net		163			148			447			232
Other income (expense), net		(30	)		55			(74	)		(32	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		2,572			154			4,099			(2,145	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		697			29			994			(358	)
Net income (loss)	$	1,875		$	125		$	3,105		$	(1,787	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$	.16		$	.01		$	.27		$	(.15	)
Diluted	$	.16		$	.01		$	.26		$	(.15	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		11,695			11,597			11,654			11,618
Diluted		12,011			11,968			11,949			11,618

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net income (loss)	$	1,875		$	125		$	3,105		$	(1,787	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(44	)		(88	)		(71	)		(95	)
Total other comprehensive gain (loss), net of taxes		(44	)		(88	)		(71	)		(95	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,831		$	37		$	3,034		$	(1,882	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,885		$	21,147
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $286 in 2024 and $528 in 2023		26,061			22,556
Unbilled receivables		7,993			7,259
Prepaid and other current assets		7,876			5,501
Total current assets		65,815			56,463
Equipment, enterprise software, and leasehold improvements, at cost:
Equipment		3,631			3,012
Enterprise software		4,185			4,185
Leasehold improvements		750			753
		8,566			7,950
Less – accumulated depreciation and amortization		(6,483	)		(6,037	)
Net equipment, enterprise software, and leasehold improvements		2,083			1,913
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		4,147			5,106
Deferred income taxes		607			793
Deferred financing costs, net		213			284
Non-current deposits		452			457
Goodwill, net of impairment		27,210			27,210
Intangible assets, net of amortization		10,958			13,001
Total assets	$	111,485		$	105,227
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,636		$	4,659
Accrued payroll and related costs		14,717			12,354
Current portion of operating lease liability		1,257			1,236
Other accrued liabilities		632			938
Deferred revenue		859			684
Total current liabilities		22,101			19,871
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term operating lease liability, less current portion		2,857			3,843
Long-term accrued income taxes		—			69
Total liabilities		24,958			23,783
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 5)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding		—			—
Common Stock, par value $.01; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 13,429,314 shares issued as of September 30, 2024 and 13,312,568 shares issued as of December 31, 2023		134			133
Additional paid-in-capital		37,473			35,345
Retained earnings		55,520			52,415
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,715	)		(1,644	)
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,723,341 shares as of September 30, 2024 and 1,714,119 shares as of December 31, 2023		(4,885	)		(4,805	)
Total shareholders’ equity		86,527			81,444
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	111,485		$	105,227

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balances, December 31, 2023	$	133	$	35,345	$	52,415		$	(4,805	)	$	(1,644	)	$	81,444
Net (loss)		—		—		(161	)		—			—			(161	)
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—			—			(28	)		(28	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		550		—			—			—			550
Shares repurchased		—		—		—			(80	)		—			(80	)
Balances, March 31, 2024	$	133	$	35,895	$	52,254		$	(4,885	)	$	(1,672	)	$	81,725
Net income		—		—		1,391			—			—			1,391
Employee common stock purchases		—		136		—			—			—			136
Other comprehensive gain, net of taxes		—		—		—			—			1			1
Stock-based compensation expense		—		461		—			—			—			461
Stock options exercised		1		321		—			—			—			322
Balances, June 30, 2024	$	134	$	36,813	$	53,645		$	(4,885	)	$	(1,671	)	$	84,036
Net income		—		—		1,875			—			—			1,875
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—			—			(44	)		(44	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		542		—			—			—			542
Stock options exercised		—		118		—			—			—			118
Balances, September 30, 2024	$	134	$	37,473	$	55,520		$	(4,885	)	$	(1,715	)	$	86,527

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balances, December 31, 2022	$	133	$	32,059	$	59,553		$	(4,187	)	$	(1,555	)	$	86,003
Net income		—		—		261			—			—			261
Other comprehensive gain, net of taxes		—		—		—			—			5			5
Stock-based compensation expense		—		835		—			—			—			835
Balances, March 31, 2023	$	133	$	32,894	$	59,814		$	(4,187	)	$	(1,550	)	$	87,104
Net (loss)		—		—		(2,173	)		—			—			(2,173	)
Employee common stock purchases		—		150		—			—			—			150
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—			—			(12	)		(12	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		842		—			—			—			842
Shares repurchased		—		—		—			(572	)		—			(572	)
Balances, June 30, 2023	$	133	$	33,886	$	57,641		$	(4,759	)	$	(1,562	)	$	85,339
Net income		—		—		125			—			—			125
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—			—			(88	)		(88	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		824		—			—			—			824
Balances, September 30, 2023	$	133	$	34,710	$	57,766		$	(4,759	)	$	(1,650	)	$	86,200

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	3,105		$	(1,787	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,670			2,943
Bad debt expense		(92	)		—
Interest amortization of deferred financing costs		71			55
Stock-based compensation expense		1,553			2,501
Deferred income taxes, net		185			(405	)
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net		27			68
Loss on disposition of fixed assets		21			1
Long term accrued income taxes		(69	)		(36	)
Working capital items:
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivables		(4,147	)		10,044
Insurance recovery		—			(2,200	)
Prepaid and other current assets		(2,399	)		(2,081	)
Accounts payable		(18	)		370
Accrued payroll and related costs		2,377			1,192
Other accrued liabilities		(305	)		(323	)
Deferred revenue		175			203
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities		3,154			10,545
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Recovery of (payment for) non-current deposits		1			119
Capital expenditures		(826	)		(213	)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities		(825	)		(94	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
(Repayments) on term loan facility		—			(1,100	)
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares		136			150
Purchase of treasury stock		(80	)		(572	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		440			—
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities		496			(1,522	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(87	)		(105	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		2,738			8,824
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		21,147			7,057
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	23,885		$	15,881

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

(Unaudited)

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation:

Basis of Presentation

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we”, “our”, “Mastech Digital”, “Mastech” or “the Company” refer collectively to Mastech Digital, Inc. and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries, which are included in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (the “Financial Statements”).

Description of Business

We are a provider of Digital Transformation IT Services to mostly large and medium-sized organizations.

Our portfolio of offerings includes data management and analytics services, digital learning services and IT staffing services.

With our 2017 acquisition of the services division of Canada-based InfoTrellis, Inc. (“InfoTrellis”), we added specialized capabilities in delivering data and analytics services to our customers, which became our Data and Analytics Services segment. This segment offers project-based consulting services in the areas of data management, data engineering and data science, with such services delivered using on-site and offshore resources. In October 2020, we acquired AmberLeaf Partners, Inc. (“AmberLeaf”), a Chicago-based customer experience consulting firm. This acquisition expanded our Data and Analytics Services segment’s capabilities in customer experience strategy and managed services offering for a variety of Cloud-based enterprise applications across sales, marketing and customer service organizations.

Our IT staffing services segment combines technical expertise with business process experience to deliver a broad range of staffing services in digital and mainstream technologies. Our digital technologies include data management, analytics, cloud, mobility, social and artificial intelligence. We work with businesses and institutions with significant IT spending and recurring staffing service needs. We also support smaller organizations with their “project focused” temporary IT staffing requirements.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a material impact on activity levels in both of our business segments in 2020. This impact was reduced in 2021 due to the global roll-out of vaccination programs and signs of improving economic conditions. COVID-19 related concerns were less impactful on our business in 2022 and 2023. Still, the proliferation of COVID-19 variants could disrupt global markets during 2024 and beyond.

Accounting Principles

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared by management in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting principally of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024. Additionally, our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, or for any other period.

Principles of Consolidation

The Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

8

Critical Accounting Policies

Please refer to Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, for a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates. There were no material changes to these critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Segment Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments, in accordance with Accounting Standards Committee (“ASC”) Topic 280 “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”: Data and Analytics Services and IT Staffing Services.

2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company recognizes revenue on time-and-material contracts over time as services are performed and expenses are incurred. Time-and-material contracts typically bill at an agreed-upon hourly rate, plus out-of-pocket expense reimbursement. Out-of-pocket expense reimbursement amounts vary by assignment, but on average represent less than 2% of the total contract revenues. Revenue is earned on a per transaction or labor hour basis, as that amount directly corresponds to the value of the Company’s performance. Revenue recognition is negatively impacted by holidays and consultant vacation and sick days.

The Company recognizes revenue on fixed price contracts over time as services are rendered and uses a cost-based input method to measure progress. Determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. Under the cost-based input method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. The Company has determined that the cost-based input method provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. Estimated losses are recognized immediately in the period in which current estimates indicate a loss. We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which may be refundable.

The Company’s time-and-material and fixed price revenue streams are recognized over time as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance as the work is performed.

In certain situations, related to client direct hire assignments, where the Company’s fee is contingent upon the hired resources continued employment with the client, revenue is not fully recognized until such employment conditions are satisfied.

We do not sell, lease or otherwise market computer software or hardware, and, essentially, 100% of our revenue is derived from the sale of data and analytics, IT staffing and digital transformation services. We expense sales commissions in the same period in which revenues are realized. These costs are recorded within sales, general and administrative expenses.

Each contract the Company enters is assessed to determine the promised services to be performed and includes identification of the performance obligations required by the contract. In substantially all contracts, we have identified a single performance obligation for each contract either because the promised services are distinct, or the promised services are highly interrelated and interdependent and therefore represent a combined single performance obligation.

Our Data and Analytics Services segment provides specialized capabilities in delivering data management and analytics services to its customers globally. This business offers project-based consulting services in the areas of Master Data Management, Enterprise Data Integration, Big Data, Analytics and Digital Transformation, which can be delivered using onsite and offshore resources.

Our IT Staffing Services segment combines technical expertise with business process experience to deliver a broad range of services in digital and mainstream technologies. Our digital technology stack includes data management and analytics, cloud, mobility, social and automation. Our mainstream technologies include business intelligence / data warehousing; web services; enterprise resource planning & customer resource management; and e-Business solutions. We work with businesses and institutions with significant IT spend and recurring staffing needs. We also support smaller organizations with their “project focused” temporary IT staffing requirements. In late 2023, we expanded our service offerings to include engineering staffing services. Substantially all our revenue is recognized over time.

9

The following table depicts the disaggregation of our revenues by contract type and operating segment:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)				(Amounts in thousands)
Data and Analytics Services Segment
Time-and-material Contracts	$	6,123	$	5,888	$	18,417	$	19,027
Fixed-price Contracts		3,275		2,150		7,924		7,179
Subtotal Data and Analytics Services	$	9,398	$	8,038	$	26,341	$	26,206
IT Staffing Services Segment
Time-and-material Contracts	$	42,374	$	39,741	$	121,788	$	128,840
Fixed-price Contracts		67		—		67		—
Subtotal IT Staffing Services	$	42,441	$	39,741	$	121,855	$	128,840
Total Revenues	$	51,839	$	47,779	$	148,196	$	155,046

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had two clients (CGI = 14.0% and Allegis = 11.7%) that each exceeded 10% of total revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had the same two clients (CGI = 15.4% and Allegis = 10.6%) that each exceeded 10% of total revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had one client (CGI = 21.1%) that exceeded 10% of total revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had the same one client (CGI = 23.7%) that exceeded 10% of total revenues.

The Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 56% and 52% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 54% and 54% of total revenues, respectively.

The following table presents our revenue from external customers disaggregated by geography, based on the work location of our customers:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)				(Amounts in thousands)
United States	$	51,043	$	46,778	$	145,674	$	151,798
Canada		198		627		800		2,159
India and Other		598		374		1,722		1,089
Total revenues	$	51,839	$	47,779	$	148,196	$	155,046

3. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net

Goodwill of $8.4 million related to our IT Staffing Services segment resulted from the 2015 acquisition of Hudson Global Resources Management’s U.S. IT staffing business. Goodwill related to our Data and Analytics Services segment includes our 2017 acquisition of the services division of InfoTrellis, which totaled $27.4 million, and our 2020 acquisition of AmberLeaf, which totaled $6.4 million. The Company recorded a $5.3 million goodwill impairment related to the Data and Analytics Services segment in 2023 and a $9.7 million goodwill impairment in 2018. The impairments were primarily attributable to declines in revenue levels and lower future revenue projections.

10

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of goodwill by operating segment for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended		Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
IT Staffing Services:
Beginning balance	$	8,427	$	8,427
Goodwill recorded		—		—
Impairment		—		—
Ending Balance	$	8,427	$	8,427

	Nine Months Ended		Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Data and Analytics Services:
Beginning balance	$	18,783	$	24,083
Goodwill recorded		—		—
Impairment		—		(5,300	)
Ending Balance	$	18,783	$	18,783

The Company is amortizing the identifiable intangible assets on a straight-line basis over estimated average lives ranging from 3 to 12 years. Identifiable intangible assets were comprised of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	As of September 30, 2024
(Amounts in thousands)	Amortization Period (In Years)		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulative Amortization		Net Carrying Value
IT Staffing Services:
Client relationships		12	$	7,999	$	6,194	$	1,805
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		319		319		—
Trade name		3		249		249		—
Data and Analytics Services:
Client relationships		12		19,641		11,003		8,638
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		1,201		1,113		88
Trade name		5		1,711		1,613		98
Technology		7		1,979		1,650		329
Total Intangible Assets			$	33,099	$	22,141	$	10,958

	As of December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Amortization Period (In Years)		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulative Amortization		Net Carrying Value
IT Staffing Services:
Client relationships		12	$	7,999	$	5,694	$	2,305
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		319		319		—
Trade name		3		249		249		—
Data and Analytics Services:
Client relationships		12		19,641		9,776		9,865
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		1,201		1,047		154
Trade name		5		1,711		1,539		172
Technology		7		1,979		1,474		505
Total Intangible Assets			$	33,099	$	20,098	$	13,001

Amortization expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $657,000 and $2.0 million, respectively and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 amortization expense was $693,000 and $2.1 million, respectively.

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The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2024 through 2028 is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
	(Amounts in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	2,693	$	2,553	$	2,413	$	2,025	$	1,637

4. Leases

The Company rents certain office facilities and equipment under noncancelable operating leases. As of September 30, 2024, approximately 93,000 square feet of office space is utilized for our sales and recruiting offices, delivery centers, and corporate headquarters. All of our leases are classified as operating leases. The average initial lease term is 4.4 years. Several leases have an option to renew, at our sole discretion, for an additional term. Our present lease terms range from 1.9 to 5.0 years with a weighted average of 3.3 years. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

The following table summarizes the balance sheet classification of the lease assets and related lease liabilities:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Long-term operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,147	$	5,106
Liabilities:
Short-term operating lease liability	$	1,257	$	1,236
Long-term operating lease liability		2,857		3,843
Total liabilities	$	4,114	$	5,079

Future minimum rental payments for office facilities and equipment under the Company’s noncancelable operating leases are as follows:

	Amount as of September 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2024 (for remainder of year)	$	359
2025		1,466
2026		1,464
2027		786
2028		259
Thereafter		196
Total	$	4,530
Less: Imputed interest		(416	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	4,114

The weighted average discount rate used to calculate the present value of future lease payments was 5.5%.

We recognize rent expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rental expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Rental expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Total cash paid for lease liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Total cash paid for lease liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. 

There were no new leases entered into during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. New leases entered into during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $1.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. New leases are considered non-cash transactions.

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5. Commitments and Contingencies

In December 2022, the Company received a demand letter from the attorney of a former employee who resigned from his employment with the Company in November 2022. Among other allegations in the letter, this former employee asserted various employment-related claims against the Company, including a claim of wrongful termination. The Company settled this claim in the third quarter of 2023 and paid a $3.1 million settlement, net of recoveries. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred $225,000 and $1.2 million, respectively, of professional service fees related to this matter which was included in Selling, General and Administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. There were no professional service fees related to this matter incurred in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

In the ordinary course of our business, the Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and administrative proceedings. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these matters, the Company’s management believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the disposition of these proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

6. Employee Benefit Plan

The Company provides an Employee Retirement Savings Plan (the “Retirement Plan”) under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), that covers substantially all U.S. based salaried and W-2 hourly employees. Employees may contribute a percentage of eligible compensation to the Retirement Plan, subject to certain limits under the Code. The Company did not provide for any matching contributions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

7. Stock-Based Compensation

In 2008, the Company adopted a Stock Incentive Plan. This Stock Incentive Plan was amended and restated effective as of May 14, 2024 (as amended from time to time, the “Plan”) and provides that up to 5,400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), shall be allocated for issuance to directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company. Grants under the Plan may be made in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance share awards, restricted stock awards shares or stock awards.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 10,518 restricted share units and zero stock options under the Plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted no shares under the Plan.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 40,130 restricted share units and 525,000 stock options at an average strike price of $8.41 under the Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted 19,924 restricted share units and 125,000 stock options at an average strike price of $11.24 under the Plan. As of September 30, 2024 there were 372,000 shares of Common Stock available for grants under the Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $542,000 and $824,000, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 17,281 and 87,924 shares, respectively, related to the grant of restricted share units and the exercise of stock options. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued zero and 17,804 shares, respectively, related to the grant of restricted share units and the exercise of stock options.

In October 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Mastech Digital, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Employee Stock Purchase Plan”). The Employee Stock Purchase Plan is intended to meet the requirements of Section 423 of the Code and was approved by the Company’s shareholders to be qualified. On May 15, 2019, the Company’s shareholders approved the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, 600,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment upon certain changes in the Company’s capitalization) are available for purchase by eligible employees who become participants in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The purchase price per share is 85% of the lesser of (i) the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the first day of the offering period, or (ii) the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the last day of the offering period.

The Company’s eligible full-time employees are able to contribute up to 15% of their base compensation into the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, subject to an annual limit of $25,000 per person. Employees are able to purchase Company Common Stock at a 15% discount to the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the initial or final trading dates of each six-month offering period. Offering periods begin on January 1 and July 1 of each year. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of Employee Stock Purchase Plan share-based payments. The fair value of the six-month “look-back” option in the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan is estimated by adding the fair value of 15% of one share of stock to 85% of the fair value of an option on one share of stock. The Company utilized U.S. Treasury yields as of the grant date for its risk-free interest rate assumption, matching the Treasury yield terms to the six-month offering period. The Company utilized historical company data to develop its dividend yield and expected volatility assumptions.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were 21,329 shares and 17,890 shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan at a share price of $6.38 and $8.40, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $11,000 and $10,000, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $65,000 and $78,000, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. As of September 30, 2024, there were 445,590 shares available for purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

8. Credit Facility

On July 13, 2017, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, as administrative agent, swing loan lender and issuing lender, PNC Capital Markets LLC, as sole lead arranger and sole book-runner, and certain financial institution parties thereto as lenders (the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement, as amended, provides for a total aggregate commitment of $53.1 million, consisting of (i) a revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $40 million and (ii) a $13.1 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan), as more fully described in Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-Ks filed with the SEC on July 19, 2017, April 25, 2018, October 7, 2020, Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 4, 2022 and Exhibits 10.11 and 10.12 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024. Additionally, the facility includes an accordion feature for additional borrowing of up to $20 million upon satisfaction of certain conditions.

The Revolver expires in December 2026 and includes swing loan and letter of credit sub-limits in the aggregate amount not to exceed $6.0 million for swing loans and $5.0 million for letters of credit. Borrowings under the Revolver may be denominated in U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars. The maximum borrowings in U.S. dollars may not exceed the sum of 85% of eligible U.S. accounts receivable and 60% of eligible U.S. unbilled receivables, less a reserve amount established by the administrative agent. The maximum borrowings in Canadian dollars may not exceed the lesser of (i) $10.0 million; and (ii) the sum of 85% of eligible Canadian receivables, plus 60% of eligible Canadian unbilled receivables, less a reserve amount established by the administrative agent.

Amounts borrowed under the Term Loan were required to be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments of $1.1 million through and including the maturity date of October 1, 2024. In August 2022, the Company prepaid $7.6 million of the outstanding term loan with excess cash balances. The final term loan payment of $1.1 million was made on January 3, 2023, taking the outstanding balance to zero.

Borrowings under the Revolver and the Term Loan, which may be made at the Company’s election, bear interest at either (a) the higher of PNC’s prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, plus an applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s senior leverage ratio or (b) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus an applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s senior leverage ratio. The applicable margin on the base rate is between 0.50% and 1.25% on Revolver borrowings and between 1.75% and 2.50% on Term Loan borrowings. The applicable margin on the SOFR is between 1.50% and 2.25% on Revolver borrowings and between 2.75% and 3.50% on Term Loan borrowings. A 20 to 30-basis point per annum commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolver is charged and due monthly in arrears. The applicable commitment fee is determined based upon the Company’s senior leverage ratio.

The Company pledged substantially all of its assets in support of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains standard financial covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants related to the Company’s senior leverage ratio and fixed charge ratio (as defined under the Credit Agreement) and limitations on liens, indebtedness, guarantees, contingent liabilities, loans and investments, distributions, leases, asset sales, stock repurchases and mergers and acquisitions. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Credit Agreement.

In connection with securing the commitments under the Credit Agreement and the April 20, 2018, October 1, 2020, December 29, 2021 and December 29, 2023 amendments to the Credit Agreement, the Company paid a commitment fee and incurred deferred financing costs totaling $1,039,000, which were capitalized and are being amortized as interest expense over the life of the Credit Facility. Deferred financing costs of $213,000 and $284,000 (net of amortization) as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively, are presented as long-term assets in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company’s outstanding borrowings under the Revolver totaled zero dollars; and unused borrowing capacity available was approximately $24.7 million and $22.5 million, respectively. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. On May 9, 2024, the Company issued two standby Letters of Credit for $162,000 each from PNC Bank to a Vietnam client to secure certain performance and advance payment guarantees made to the client on an existing fixed price Data and Analytics Services assignment. The letters of credit are scheduled to expire on March 21, 2026.

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9. Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes, as shown in the accompanying Financial Statements, consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023			2024		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)					(Amounts in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic	$	1,748	$	(211	)	$	2,047	$	(3,205	)
Foreign		824		365			2,052		1,060
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,572	$	154		$	4,099	$	(2,145	)

The Company has foreign subsidiaries which generate revenues from non-U.S.-based clients. Additionally, these subsidiaries provide services to the Company’s U.S. operations. Accordingly, the Company allocates a portion of its income (loss) to these subsidiaries based on a “transfer pricing” model and reports such income (loss) as foreign in the above table.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes, as shown in the accompanying Financial Statements, consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023			2024		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)					(Amounts in thousands)
Current provision (benefit):
Federal	$	351	$	(88	)	$	227	$	(271	)
State		77		(9	)		64		25
Foreign		216		93			517		238
Total current provision (benefit)	$	644	$	(4	)	$	808	$	(8	)
Deferred provision (benefit):
Federal		44		25			140		(377	)
State		8		7			27		(91	)
Foreign		1		4			19		64
Total deferred provision (benefit)		53		36			186		(404	)
Change in valuation allowance		—		(3	)		—		54
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	697	$	29		$	994	$	(358	)

The reconciliation of income taxes computed using the statutory U.S. income tax rate and the provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024				Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate	$	540	21.0	%	$	33		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		120	4.6			(2	)	(1.2	)
Excess tax expense (benefit) from stock options/restricted shares		25	1.0			—		—
Worthless stock deduction		—	—			—		—
Difference in income tax rate on foreign earnings/other		12	0.5			1		0.9
Change in valuation allowance		—	—			(3	)	(1.9	)
	$	697	27.1	%	$	29		18.8	%

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate	$	861		21.0	%	$	(450	)	(21.0	)%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		101		2.5			(74	)	(3.5	)
Excess tax expense (benefit) from stock options/restricted shares		156		3.8			40		1.9
Worthless stock deduction		(248	)	(6.1	)		—		—
Difference in income tax rate on foreign earnings/other		124		3.0			72		3.4
Change in valuation allowance		—		—			54		2.5
	$	994		24.2	%	$	(358	)	(16.7	)%

We evaluate deferred income taxes quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. GAAP accounting guidance requires us to assess whether valuation allowances should be established against deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, using a “more likely than not” standard. Our assessment considers, among other things, the nature of cumulative losses, forecast of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods and tax planning alternatives. On September 30, 2024, our valuation allowance was comprised of net operating losses in Ireland and the United Kingdom and totaled $466,000. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, we secured a worthless stock deduction for our dissolved Singapore entity, which allowed us to recognize a current tax deduction during the 2024 period and, accordingly, we reversed $162,000 of our valuation allowance against outstanding deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2023, our valuation allowance balance totaled $628,000.

10. Shareholders’ Equity

On February 8, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock over a two-year period. Repurchases under the program may occur from time to time in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions, through block purchases or other purchase techniques, or by any combination of such methods, and the program may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at the discretion of the Board of Directors. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company did not purchase any shares under this program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 9,222 shares of common stock at an average price of $8.70 per share under this program.

Additionally, the Company makes stock purchases from time to time to satisfy employee tax obligations related to its Stock Incentive Plan. The Company did not purchase any shares to satisfy employee tax obligations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

11. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The computation of basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the Company’s net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding stock options were exercised. The dilutive effect of stock options was calculated using the treasury stock method.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were 1,005,000 and 1,057,000 anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, there were 1,473,000 anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, all stock options and restricted shares were anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted (loss) per share.

12. Business Segments and Geographic Information

Our reporting segments are: 1) Data and Analytics Services; and 2) IT Staffing Services.

The Data and Analytics Services segment was acquired through the July 13, 2017, acquisition of the services division of Canada-based InfoTrellis, Inc. This segment is a project-based consulting services business with specialized capabilities in data management and analytics. The business is marketed as “Mastech InfoTrellis” and utilizes a dedicated sales team with deep subject matter expertise. Mastech InfoTrellis has offices in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and a global delivery center in Chennai, India. Project-based delivery reflects a combination of on-site resources and offshore resources. Assignments are secured on both a time and material and fixed price basis. In October 2020, we acquired AmberLeaf, a Chicago-based customer experience consulting firm. This acquisition expanded our capabilities in customer experience strategy and managed services offering for a variety of Cloud-based enterprise application across sales, marketing and customer service organizations.

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The IT Staffing Services segment offers staffing services in digital and mainstream technologies, engineering services and uses digital methods to enhance organizational learning. These services are marketed using a common sales force and delivered via our domestic and global recruitment centers. While the vast majority of our assignments are based on time and materials, we do have the capabilities to deliver our digital transformation services on a fixed price basis.

Below are the operating results of our reporting segments.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)
Revenues:
Data and Analytics Services	$	9,398		$	8,038		$	26,341		$	26,206
IT Staffing Services		42,441			39,741			121,855			128,840
Total revenues	$	51,839		$	47,779		$	148,196		$	155,046
Gross Margin %:
Data and Analytics Services		50.7	%		45.8	%		48.9	%		43.1	%
IT Staffing Services		23.6	%		22.4	%		23.0	%		22.0	%
Total gross margin %		28.5	%		26.3	%		27.6	%		25.6	%
Segment operating income (loss):
Data and Analytics Services	$	1,145		$	(832	)	$	1,435		$	(2,393	)
IT Staffing Services		1,951			1,476			4,334			5,227
Subtotal		3,096			644			5,769			2,834
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(657	)		(693	)		(2,043	)		(2,079	)
Employment-related claim, net of recoveries		—			—			—			(3,100	)
Interest income (expense), FX gains (losses) and other, net		133			203			373			200
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,572		$	154		$	4,099		$	(2,145	)

Below is a reconciliation of segment total assets to consolidated total assets:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Amounts in thousands)
Total assets:
Data and Analytics Services	$	45,735	$	45,681
IT Staffing Services		65,750		59,546
Total assets	$	111,485	$	105,227

Below is geographic information related to our revenues from external customers:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)				(Amounts in thousands)
United States	$	51,043	$	46,778	$	145,674	$	151,798
Canada		198		627		800		2,159
India and Other		598		374		1,722		1,089
Total revenues	$	51,839	$	47,779	$	148,196	$	155,046

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13. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The amendments in this ASU require disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. Additional disclosures include significant segment expenses that are part of segment profit or loss; the title and position of the chief operating decision maker; and how the chief operating decision maker uses segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The amendments in this ASU enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures. Additional disclosures include specific rate reconciliation categories; additional disclosure for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold; and federal, state and foreign income taxes paid by individual jurisdiction. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements.

A variety of proposed or otherwise potential accounting standards are currently under consideration by standard-setting organizations and certain regulatory agencies. Because of the tentative and preliminary nature of such proposed standards, management has not yet determined the effect, if any that the implementation of such proposed standards would have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 15, 2024.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements about future events, future performance, plans, strategies, expectations, prospects, competitive environment and regulations. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words, “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “plan”, “intend” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Our actual financial performance could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to the inherent uncertainty of estimates, forecasts and projections and our financial performance may be better or worse than anticipated. Given these uncertainties, you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. All of the forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed under “Risk Factors”, “Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date that they were made. We do not undertake any duty to update forward-looking statements, and the estimates and assumptions associated with them, after the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

Website Access to SEC Reports:

The Company’s website is www.mastechdigital.com. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, current reports on Form 8-K and all other reports filed with the SEC, are available free of charge on the Investors page. The website is updated as soon as reasonably practical after such reports are filed electronically with the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies

Please refer to Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates. There were no material changes to these critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

2024 Primentor, Inc. Consulting Agreement

On January 12, 2024, we entered into a consulting services agreement with Primentor, Inc., a California corporation; Phaneesh Murthy (“Murthy”), the owner of Primentor; Srinjay Sengupta (“Sengupta”), a consultant of Primentor; and Sunil Wadhwani and Ashok Trivedi (together the “Founders”), each co-founder and directors of the Company. Under the terms of the consulting services agreement, Primentor will provide the Company with strategic advisory and management consulting services, as well as any other business and organizational strategy services as the Board of Directors of Company may reasonably request from time to time.

The initial term of the consulting services agreement is for a three-year period commencing January 12, 2024, and the Company may request to renew the term for additional successive one-year terms, in which case Primentor and the Company will negotiate to agree upon the scope of the additional services and the amount of additional consulting fees.

As compensation to Primentor, Murthy and Sengupta for providing the services requested by the Company, the Company will provide the following compensation:

1) Consulting fees to Primentor of $990,000 in year one; $270,000 in year two; and $120,000 in year three, plus reimbursement for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Primentor’s personnel in rendering the services;

2) Stock options to purchase up to 192,500 shares of the Company’s common stock to each, Murthy and Sangupta, at an exercise price of $8.34 per share, with vesting occurring equally on an annual basis over a three-year period; and

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3) Murthy and Sangupta will each receive from the Founders, for no additional consideration, an aggregate number of shares of common stock of the Company held by the Founders that is equal to 1.1% of the total number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding at the time of a triggering event, as defined in the consulting services agreement.

The foregoing description of the consulting agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Consulting Agreement (including the form of stock option agreements attached as exhibits thereto), which was filed by the Company as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 19, 2024.

Employment-Related Claims Against the Company

In December 2022, the Company received a demand letter from the attorney of a former employee who resigned from his employment with the Company in November 2022. Among other allegations in the letter, this former employee has asserted various employment-related claims against the Company, including a claim of wrongful termination. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company settled this claim for $3.1 million, net of recoveries, under the terms of a confidential settlement agreement. In addition to the settlement amount, we incurred approximately $0.9 million in professional services fees related to this matter during 2023.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred $225,000 and approximately $1.2 million, respectively, of professional services fees related to this matter. Additionally, the Company recorded a $3.1 million loss reserve, net of recoveries, with respect to a settlement reserve. These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three and nine months ended September 20, 2024, no expenses related to this matter were incurred.

Overview:

We are a provider of Digital Transformation IT Services to mostly large and medium-sized organizations.

Our portfolio of offerings includes data management and analytics services, other digital transformation services, such as digital learning services, and IT Staffing Services.

We operate in two reporting segments – Data and Analytics Services and IT Staffing Services. Our data and analytics services are marketed on a global basis under the brand “Mastech InfoTrellis” and are delivered largely on a project basis with on-site and off-shore resources. These data and analytics capabilities and expertise were acquired through our acquisition of InfoTrellis and enhanced and expanded subsequent to the acquisition. In October 2020, we acquired AmberLeaf Partners, Inc. (“AmberLeaf”), a Chicago-based customer experience consulting firm. This acquisition enhanced our capabilities in customer experience strategy and managed services offerings for a variety of Cloud-based enterprise applications across sales, marketing and customer services organizations. Our IT staffing business combines technical expertise with business process experience to deliver a broad range of staffing services in digital and mainstream technologies, as well as other digital transformation services.

Both business segments provide their services across various industry verticals, including financial services, government, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, technology telecommunications and transportation. In our Data and Analytics Services segment, we evaluate our revenues and gross profits largely by service line. In our IT Staffing Services segment, we evaluate our revenues and gross profits largely by sales channel responsibility. This analysis within both our reporting segments is multi-purposed and includes technologies employed, client relationships, and geographic locations.

Data and Analytics:

We provide information regarding our new bookings in our Data and Analytics Services segment, which represents the estimated value of client engagements, including those acquired through acquisitions, as well as renewals and extensions to existing contracts, because we believe doing so provides useful trend information regarding changes in the volume of our new business over time. New bookings can vary significantly quarter to quarter, depending, in part, on the timing of the signing of a small number of large engagements. Among other factors, the types of services and solutions to be delivered, the duration of the engagement and the pace and level of client spending impact the timing of the conversion of new bookings to revenues. In addition, substantially all of our contracts are terminable by the client on short notice, with little or no termination penalties. Information regarding our new bookings is not comparable to, nor should it be substituted for, an analysis of our revenues over time. New bookings involve estimates and judgments. There are no third-party standards or requirements governing the calculation of bookings. We do not update our new bookings for material subsequent terminations or reductions related to bookings originally provided in prior periods.

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Economic Trends and Outlook:

Generally, our business outlook is highly correlated to general North American economic conditions, particularly with respect to our IT Staffing Services segment. During periods of increasing employment and economic expansion, demand for our services tends to increase. Conversely, during periods of contracting employment and / or a slowing global economy, demand for our services tends to decline. With economic expansion in 2010 through 2019 activity levels improved. However, as economic conditions strengthened, we experienced increased tightness in the supply side (skilled IT professionals) of our businesses. These supply-side challenges pressured resource costs and, to some extent, gross margins. As we entered 2020, we were encouraged by continued growth in the domestic job markets and expanding U.S. and global economies. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic surfacing in the first quarter of 2020, we realized that economic growth would quickly turn into recessionary conditions, which had a material impact on activity levels in both of our business segments. In 2021, we were encouraged by the global rollout of vaccination programs and signs of economic improvement, however, the proliferation of COVID-19 variants had caused some uncertainty and disruption in the global markets. In 2022 and 2023, COVID-19-related concerns seemed to subside; however, increased inflation, challenges in the financial sector related to increasing interest rates, and concerns about a possible recession created much uncertainty and impacted demand for our services in the second half of 2022 and for the entire year of 2023. While economic conditions in North American have shown signs of improvement during 2024, a level of uncertainty remains with respect to inflation and job growth, the potential of escalations of existing conflicts in the Middle East and Ukraine and the impacts of the U.S. presidential election. It is difficult to predict the impact or duration that these market pressures may have on our businesses and results of operations during the remainder of 2024 and beyond.

In addition to tracking general economic conditions in the markets that we service, a large portion of our revenues is generated from a limited number of clients (see Item 1A, the Risk Factor entitled “Our revenues are highly concentrated, and the loss of a significant client would adversely affect our business and revenues” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023). Accordingly, our trends and outlook are additionally impacted by the prospects and well-being of these specific clients. This “account concentration” factor may result in our results of operations deviating from the prevailing economic trends from time to time.

Within our IT Staffing Services segment, a larger portion of our revenues has come from strategic relationships with systems integrators. Additionally, many large end users of IT staffing services are employing MSPs to manage their contractor spending. Both of these dynamics may pressure our IT staffing gross margins in the future.

Recent growth in advanced technologies (social, cloud, analytics, mobility, automation) is providing opportunities within our IT Staffing Services segment. However, supply side challenges have proven to be acute with respect to many of these technologies.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 as Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023:

Revenues:

Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $51.8 million, compared to $47.8 million for the corresponding three-month period in 2023. This 8% year-over-year revenue increase reflected 17% growth in our Data and Analytics Services segment and 7% growth in our IT Staffing Services segment. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had two clients that each had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 14.0% and Allegis = 11.7%). For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had one client that had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 21.1%). The Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 56% and 52% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Below is a tabular presentation of revenues by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

Revenues (Amounts in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months 2023 September 30, 2023
Data and Analytics Services	$	9.4	$	8.0
IT Staffing Services		42.4		39.8
Total revenues	$	51.8	$	47.8

Revenues from our Data and Analytics Services segment totaled $9.4 million in the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to $8.0 million in the corresponding quarter last year. This 17% year-over-year increase reflected higher activity levels and new assignments from existing clients during 2024. New bookings in the third quarter of 2024 totaled $11.1 million, compared to bookings of $5.1 million in the third quarter of 2023.

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Revenues from our IT Staffing Services segment totaled $42.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $39.8 million during the corresponding 2023 period. This 7% year-over-year increase reflected higher demand for our services in 2024 compared to the corresponding period last year. Billable consultants at September 30, 2024 totaled 1,071-consultants, compared to 992-consultants one year earlier. Our average bill rate during the third quarter of 2024 was $82.80 per hour, compared to $80.96 per hour in the third quarter of last year. This increase in average bill rate was due to higher rates on new assignments during the third quarter of 2024 and was reflective of the types of skill sets that we deployed. Permanent placements / fee revenues were approximately $0.3 million during the third quarter of 2024, compared to $0.2 million in the corresponding quarter of 2023.

Gross Margins:

Gross profits in the third quarter of 2024 totaled $14.8 million, compared to $12.6 million in the third quarter of 2023. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 28.5% for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024, which is a new quarterly gross margin percentage record for the Company, and compared to 26.3% during the same period of 2023. This 220-basis point increase related to higher gross margins in both of our business segments during the third quarter of 2024.

Below is a tabular presentation of gross margin by reporting segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

Gross Margin	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024			Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Data and Analytics Services		50.7	%		45.8	%
IT Staffing Services		23.6			22.4
Total gross margin		28.5	%		26.3	%

Gross margins from our Data and Analytics Services segment were 50.7% of revenues during the third quarter of 2024, compared to 45.8% of revenues during the third quarter of 2023. The gross margin increase reflected the continuation of strong delivery performances during 2024, which benefited project margins and our utilization rate in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the corresponding quarter of 2023.

Gross margins from our IT Staffing Services segment were 23.6% in the third quarter of 2024, compared to 22.4% during the corresponding quarter of 2023. This 120-basis point increase reflected higher margins on new contract assignments, higher permanent placement fees and lower benefit costs in the third quarter of 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses:

Below is a tabular presentation of operating expenses by expense category for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

SG&A Expenses (Amounts in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Data and Analytics Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	1.7	$	1.8
Operations		0.2		0.3
General & Administrative		1.7		2.4
Subtotal Data and Analytics Services	$	3.6	$	4.5
SG&A Expenses (Amounts in millions)
IT Staffing Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	2.3	$	2.0
Operations		2.2		2.1
General & Administrative		3.6		3.3
Subtotal IT Staffing Services	$	8.1	$	7.4
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets	$	0.6	$	0.7
Total SG&A Expenses	$	12.3	$	12.6

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SG&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $12.3 million or 23.8% of total revenues, compared to $12.6 million or 26.4% of total revenues for the three-months ended September 30, 2023. Excluding the amortization of acquired intangible assets in both periods, SG&A expense as a percentage of total revenues was 22.6% and 25.0%, respectively.

Fluctuations within SG&A expense components during the third quarter of 2024, compared to the third quarter of 2023, included the following:

• Sales expenses increased by $0.2 million in the 2024 period compared to the corresponding 2023 period. Sales expenses in our Data and Analytics Services segment decreased $0.1 million due to lower staff headcount in our sales organization. Sales expenses in our IT Staffing Services segment increased by $0.3 million, largely due to higher sales commissions and other variable expenses.

• Operations expenses were flat in the 2024 period compared to the corresponding 2023 period. Operations expenses decreased $0.1 million in our Data and Analytics Services segment due to staff reductions. In our IT Staffing Services segment, operations expenses increased by $0.1 million and reflected an increase in recruitment staff and higher commission expenses.

• General and administrative expenses decreased $0.4 million in the 2024 period compared to the corresponding 2023 period. General and administrative expenses in our Data and Analytics Services segment decreased by $0.7 million due to executive leadership staff reductions, lower stock-based compensation expense and lower professional services fees incurred to address an employment-related claim in the 2023 period. In our IT Staffing Services segment, general and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million due to higher strategic consulting expenses associated with our consulting agreement with Primentor.

• Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $0.6 million in the 2024 period, compared to $0.7 million in the corresponding 2023 period, as a portion of our intangible assets became fully amortized in 2024.

Other Income / (Expense) Components:

Other Income / (Expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of interest income of $163,000 and foreign exchange losses of ($30,000). For the three months ended September 30, 2023, Other Income / (Expense) consisted of interest income of $148,000 and foreign exchange gains of $55,000. Higher cash balances on hand were responsible for the favorable year-over-year interest income variance, which was partially offset by currency fluctuations.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit):

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $697,000, representing an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of 27.1%, compared to $29,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, which represented a 18.8% effective tax rate on pre-tax income. The higher effective tax rate in the 2024 period was due to a higher state income tax rate and excess income tax expenses related to stock option and restricted shares.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 as Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023:

Revenues:

Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $148.2 million, compared to $155.0 million for the corresponding nine-month period in 2023. This 4% year-over-year revenue decrease reflected a 1% increase in our Data and Analytics Services segment and a 5% decrease in our IT Staffing Services segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had two clients that each had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 15.4% and Allegis = 10.6%). For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had one client that had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 23.7%). The Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 54% and 54% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Below is a tabular presentation of revenues by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

Revenues (Amounts in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Data and Analytics Services	$	26.3	$	26.2
IT Staffing Services		121.9		128.8
Total revenues	$	148.2	$	155.0

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Revenues from our Data and Analytics Services segment totaled $26.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which was a slight increase over the corresponding nine-month period last year. Revenues have increased on a sequential basis over the last two quarters reflecting improved activity levels and increased order bookings.

Revenues from our IT Staffing Services segment totaled $121.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $128.8 million during the corresponding 2023 period. This 5% decrease largely reflected a lower average level of billable consultants during the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. However, at September 30, 2024, our billable consultant-base was 1,071-consultants, which exceeded the 992 billable consultants at September 30, 2023.

Gross Margins:

Gross profits in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $40.9 million, compared to $39.7 million during the corresponding 2023 period. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 27.6% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, compared to 25.6% during the same period of 2023. This 200-basis point increase reflected higher gross margins in both of our business segments.

Below is a tabular presentation of gross margin by reporting segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

Gross Margin	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Data and Analytics Services		48.9	%		43.1	%
IT Staffing Services		23.0	%		22.0	%
Total gross margin		27.6	%		25.6	%

Gross margins from our Data and Analytics Services segment were 48.9% of revenues during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, compared to gross margins of 43.1% in the corresponding period of 2023. The margin increase of 580-basis points reflected higher project margins and better utilization rates during the first nine months of 2024.

Gross margins from our IT Staffing Services segment were 23.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 22.0% during the corresponding period of 2023. This 100-basis point increase was largely due to higher gross margins on new assignments and favorable medical claim experience related to our self-insured healthcare program in the 2024 period compared to 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses:

Below is a tabular presentation of operating expenses by expense category for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

SG&A Expenses (Amounts in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Data and Analytics Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	6.0	$	5.2
Operations		0.5		1.1
General & Administrative		5.0		7.4
Subtotal Data and Analytics Services	$	11.5	$	13.7
IT Staffing Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	6.7	$	6.4
Operations		6.4		6.7
General & Administrative		10.6		10.0
Subtotal IT Staffing Services	$	23.7	$	23.1
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets	$	2.0	$	2.1
Employment-related Claim, net of Recoveries		—		3.1
Total SG&A Expenses	$	37.2	$	42.0

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SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $37.2 million or 25.1% of total revenues, compared to $42.0 million or 27.1% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Excluding the employment-related claim in 2023, and the amortization of acquired intangible assets in both periods, SG&A expense as a percentage of total revenues was 23.7% and 23.8%, respectively.

Fluctuations within SG&A expense components during the first nine months of 2024, compared to the first nine months of 2023, included the following:

• Sales expense increased by $1.1 million in the 2024 period, compared to the corresponding 2023 period. Sales expenses in our Data and Analytics Services segment increased by $0.8 million in the 2024 period and reflected higher marketing and event costs and higher sales compensation expense. Sales expenses in our IT Staffing Services segment were higher by $0.3 million due to higher sales commissions and other variable expenses.

• Operations expenses decreased by $0.9 million in the 2024 period, compared to the corresponding 2023 period. In our Data and Analytics Services segment, operations expenses decreased by $0.6 million due to staff reductions and lower variable compensation expenses. Operations expenses in our IT Staffing Services segment decreased by $0.3 million and largely related to recruitment staff reductions and lower other variable expenses in the first half of 2024, partially offset by higher commission expenses in the 2024 third quarter.

• General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.8 million in the 2024 period compared to the corresponding 2023 period. General and administrative expenses in our Data and Analytics Services segment decreased by $2.4 million due to executive leadership staff reductions, lower stock-based compensation expense and higher professional services fees in 2023 of $1.2 million related to an employment claim. In our IT Staffing Services segment, general and administrative expenses increased by $0.6 million, largely due to strategic consulting expenses associated with our consulting agreement with Primentor.

• Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $2.0 million in 2024, compared to $2.1 million in the 2023 period, as a portion of our intangible assets become fully amortized in 2024.

• Employment-related claim reserve, net of expected recoveries, totaled $3.1 million in the 2023 period, compared to no expense in the corresponding 2024 period.

Other Income / (Expense) Components:

Other Income / (Expense) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of interest income of $447,000 and foreign exchange losses of ($74,000). For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Other Income / (Expense) consisted of interest income of $232,000 and foreign exchange losses of ($32,000). The higher interest income reflected higher cash balances on hand in the 2024 period was responsible for the favorable year-over-year variance in Other Income, net and was partially offset by currency fluctuations.

Income Tax Expense:

Income tax expense (benefit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $994,000, representing an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of 24.2% compared to an income tax benefit of ($358,000) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which represented a 16.7% effective tax rate on a pre-tax (loss). In 2023, foreign pre-tax income reduced the consolidated tax benefit which included a domestic pre-tax loss. The favorable effective tax rate in the 2024 period was largely due to a worthless stock deduction recognized on the dissolution of our Singapore entity, partially offset by excess tax expense related to stock options/restricted shares.

Liquidity and Capital Resources:

Financial Conditions and Liquidity:

As of September 30, 2024, we had cash balances on hand of $23.9 million, no bank debt outstanding and approximately $25 million of borrowing capacity under our existing credit facility.

Historically, we have funded our organic business needs with cash generated from operating activities. Controlling our operating working capital levels by closely managing our accounts receivable balance is an important element of cash generation. As of September 30, 2024, our accounts receivable “days sales outstanding” (“DSOs”) measurement was 55-days.

We believe that cash provided by operating activities, cash balances on hand and current availability under our credit facility will be adequate to fund our business needs and support our share repurchase program that we announced in February 2023 over the next twelve months, exclusive of any acquisition activity.

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Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:

Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $3.2 million compared to cash provided by operating activities of $10.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Elements of cash flows in the 2024 period were net income of $3.1 million, non-cash charges of $4.4 million, and an increase in operating working capital levels of ($4.3 million). During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, elements of cash flows were a net loss of ($1.8 million), non-cash charges of $5.1 million and a decrease in operating working capital levels of $7.2 million. Operating working capital increased in 2024 due to higher accounts receivable balances resulting from our sequential revenue growth during the first nine months. During the 2023 period, accounts receivable balances decreased due to revenue decreases during the period.

Cash flows (used in) investing activities:

Cash (used in) investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was ($0.8 million) compared to ($0.1 million) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 2024, capital expenditures totaled ($0.8 million). In the 2023 period, capital expenditures totaled ($0.2 million), partially offset by the recovery of non-current deposits of $0.1 million. The increase in capital expenditures during the 2024 period compared to the 2023 period reflected higher expenditures for laptop replacements and other technology enhancements.

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $0.5 million and consisted of proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $440,000 and the issuance of common shares related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan of $136,000, which was partially offset by the purchase of treasury shares of ($80,000). Cash (used in) financings activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, totaled ($1.5 million) and consisted of ($1.1 million) of term loan repayments and the purchase of treasury shares under our share repurchase program of ($572,000), which was partially offset by $150,000 related to proceeds from the issuance of shares of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements:

Other than $324,000 in outstanding letters of credit issued under our Credit Agreement, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. For further details about the outstanding letters of credit, refer to Note 8 — “Credit Facility” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Inflation:

We do not believe that inflation had a significant impact on our results of operations for the periods presented, although economic uncertainty, including the concerns of our clients and other companies with respect to inflationary conditions in North America and elsewhere, has had and may continue to have an adverse impact on the demand for our services. On an ongoing basis, we attempt to minimize any effects of inflation on our operating results by controlling operating costs and, whenever possible, seek to ensure that billing rates reflect increases in costs due to inflation. However, high levels of inflation may result in higher interest rates which could increase our borrowing costs in the future if we elect to draw on our current or future credit facilities.

In addition, refer to “Item 1A. Risk factors” in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion about risks that inflation directly or indirectly may pose to our business.

Seasonality:

Our operations are generally not affected by seasonal fluctuations. However, our consultants’ billable hours are affected by national holidays and vacation policies. Accordingly, we generally have lower utilization rates and higher benefit costs during the fourth quarter. Additionally, assignment completions tend to be higher near the end of the calendar year, which largely impacts our revenue and gross profit performance during the subsequent quarter.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards:

Recent accounting pronouncements are described in Note 13 to the accompanying financial statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In addition to the inherent operational risks, the Company is exposed to certain market risks, primarily related to changes in interest rates and currency fluctuations.

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Interest Rates

As of September 30, 2024, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement — Refer to Note 8 — “Credit Facility” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

Currency Fluctuations

The reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiary in Canada is the U.S. dollar because the majority of its revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars. The functional currencies of the Company’s Indian and European subsidiaries are the local currency of the location of such subsidiary. The results of operations of the Company’s Indian and European subsidiaries are translated at the monthly average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The financial position of the Company’s Indian and European subsidiaries is translated at the current exchange rates at the end of the period, and the related translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within Shareholders’ Equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included as a component of other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and have not been material for all periods presented. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in overall foreign currency rates in the first nine months of 2024 would not have had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of Company management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of our business, we are involved in a number of lawsuits and administrative proceedings. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these matters, management believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the disposition of these proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

A summary of our Common Stock repurchased during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 is set forth in the following table:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price per Share (1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under this Plan or Programs (1)
July 1, 2024 — July 31, 2024		—	$	—		—		423,079
August 1, 2024 — August 31, 2024		—	$	—		—		423,079
September 1, 2024 — September 30, 2024		—	$	—		—		423,079
Total		—	$	—		—		423,079

(1) On February 8, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock over a two-year period. Repurchases under the program may occur from time to time in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions, through block purchases or other purchase techniques, or by any combination of such methods, and the program may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its Common Stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Disclosure of 10b5-1 plans

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption, modification or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

(a) Exhibits

31.1	Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Executive Officer is filed herewith.
31.2	Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Financial Officer is filed herewith.
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by the Chief Executive Officer is furnished herewith.
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by the Chief Financial Officer is furnished herewith.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 13th day of November, 2024.

	MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.
November 13, 2024	/s/ VIVEK GUPTA
	Vivek Gupta Chief Executive Officer
	/s/ JOHN J. CRONIN, JR.
	John J. Cronin, Jr.
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

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