10-K 1 ivr-20141231x10k.htm 10-K IVR-2014.12.31-10K
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ý
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from                      to                     
Commission file number 001-34385
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Maryland
 
26-2749336
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 1800
Atlanta, Georgia
 
30309
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(404) 892-0896
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Title of Each Class
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
New York Stock Exchange
7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
New York Stock Exchange
7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: None
________________________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):
Large accelerated filer
 
ý
Accelerated filer
 
¨
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was $2,135,614,631 based on the closing sales price on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2014. As of February 18, 2015, there were 123,112,345 outstanding shares of common stock of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information (solely to the extent explicitly indicated) from the registrant’s proxy statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
 


Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.


Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in this Report and other filings we make with the SEC within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and such statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided by the same. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, investment strategies, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” or similar expressions and future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” and “would,” and any other statement that necessarily depends on future events, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
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our business and investment strategy;
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our investment portfolio;
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our projected operating results;
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general volatility of financial markets and effects of governmental responses, including actions and initiatives of the U.S. governmental agencies and changes to U.S. government policies, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), mortgage loan modification programs, actions and initiatives of foreign governmental agencies and central banks, and the completion of the Federal Reserve long-term asset purchases (quantitative easing or "QE"), and our ability to respond to and comply with such actions, initiatives and changes;
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the availability of financing sources, including our ability to obtain additional financing arrangements and the terms of such arrangements;
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financing and advance rates for our target assets;
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changes to our expected leverage;
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our expected investments;
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our expected book value per share of common stock;
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interest rate mismatches between our target assets and our borrowings used to fund such investments;
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the adequacy of our cash flow from operations and borrowings to meet our short-term liquidity needs;
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our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet any margin calls;
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changes in the credit rating of the U.S. government;
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changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads and the market value of our target assets;
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changes in prepayment rates on our target assets;
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the impact of any deficiencies in foreclosure practices of third parties and related uncertainty in the timing of collateral disposition;
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our reliance on third parties in connection with services related to our target assets;
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effects of hedging instruments on our target assets;
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rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our target assets;
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modifications to whole loans or loans underlying securities;
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the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;
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the degree to which derivative contracts expose us to contingent liabilities;
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counterparty defaults;
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compliance with restrictive covenants in our financing arrangements;
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changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, and similar matters and our ability to respond to such changes;
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our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•
our ability to maintain our exception from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);

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•
availability of investment opportunities in mortgage-related, real estate-related and other securities;
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availability of U.S. Government Agency guarantees with regard to payments of principal and interest on securities;
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the market price and trading volume of our capital stock;
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availability of qualified personnel of our Manager;
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the relationship with our Manager;
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estimates relating to taxable income and our ability to continue to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;
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estimates relating to fair value of our target assets and loan loss reserves;
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our understanding of our competition;
•
changes to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”); and
•
market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these factors are described under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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PART I
Item 1. Business.
Our Company
We are a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and mortgage loans. We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc., our Manager, which is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain our REIT qualification, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders annually. We operate our business in a manner that permits our exclusion from the definition of “Investment Company” under the 1940 Act.
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. To achieve this objective, we primarily invest in the following:
•
Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae") or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) (collectively "Agency RMBS");
•
RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency ("non-Agency RMBS");
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Credit risk transfer securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");
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Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); 
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Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and
•
Other real estate-related financing arrangements.
We generally finance our investments through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements and secured loans. We finance our residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities ("ABS") issued by consolidated securitization trusts. We have also financed investments through the issuances of debt and equity and may utilize other forms of financing in the future.
Capital Activities
In September 2014, the Company completed a public offering of 6,200,000 shares of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series B Preferred Stock") at the price of $25.00 per share. Total proceeds were $149.9 million, net of issuance costs of $5.1 million.
During the three months ended December 31, 2014, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased 1,438,213 shares of our common stock at an average repurchase price of $14.69 per share for a net cost of $21.1 million, including acquisition expenses.
Our Manager
We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (our "Manager"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. ("Invesco"). Under the terms of the management agreement, the Manager and its affiliates provide us with our management team, including its officers, along with appropriate support personnel. Each of our officers is an employee of the Manager or one of its affiliates. We do not have any employees. The Manager is not obligated to dedicate any of its employees exclusively to us, nor are the Manager or its employees obligated to dedicate any specific portion of its or their time to our business. The Manager is at all times subject to the supervision and oversight of our Board of Directors and has only such functions and authority as we delegate to it.
Our Competitive Advantages
We believe that our competitive advantages include the following:
Significant Experience of Our Manager and Our Senior Management
Our senior management team has a long track record and broad experience in managing residential and commercial mortgage-related assets through a variety of credit and interest rate environments and has demonstrated the ability to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns under different market conditions and cycles. In addition, through our Manager, we benefit from

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the insight and capabilities of WL Ross & Co. LLC (“WL Ross”) and Invesco’s real estate team. Through WL Ross and Invesco’s real estate team, we have access to broad and deep teams of experienced investment professionals in real estate and distressed investing. Through these teams, we have real time access to research and data on the mortgage and real estate industries. We believe having in-house access to these resources and expertise provides us with a competitive advantage over other companies investing in our target assets who have less internal resources and expertise.
Extensive Strategic Relationships and Experience of our Manager and its Affiliates
Our Manager maintains extensive long-term relationships with other financial intermediaries, including primary dealers, leading investment banks, brokerage firms, leading mortgage originators and commercial banks. We believe these relationships enhance our ability to source, finance and hedge investment opportunities and, thus, will enable us to grow in various credit and interest rate environments.
Disciplined Investment Approach
We seek to maximize our risk-adjusted returns through our disciplined investment approach, which relies on rigorous quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our Manager monitors our overall portfolio risk and evaluates the characteristics of our investments in our target assets including, but not limited to, asset type, interest rate, interest rate type, loan balance distribution, geographic concentration, property type, occupancy, loan-to-value ratio and credit score. In addition, with respect to any particular target asset, our Manager’s investment team evaluates, among other things, relative valuation, supply and demand trends, shape of yield curves, prepayment rates, loan delinquencies, default rates and loss severity rates. We believe this strategy and our commitment to capital preservation provide us with a competitive advantage when operating in a variety of market conditions.
Access to Our Manager’s Sophisticated Analytical Tools, Infrastructure and Expertise
Our Manager has created and maintains analytical and portfolio management capabilities to aid in asset selection and risk management. We capitalize on the market knowledge and ready access to data across our target markets that our Manager and its affiliates obtain through their established platform. We focus on in-depth analysis of the numerous factors that influence our target assets, including: (1) fundamental market and sector review; (2) rigorous cash flow analysis; (3) disciplined asset selection; (4) controlled risk exposure; and (5) prudent balance sheet management. Through the use of these tools, we analyze factors that affect the rate at which mortgage prepayments occur, including changes in the level of interest rates, trends in residential and commercial real estate prices, general economic conditions, the locations of the properties securing the mortgage loans and other social and demographic conditions in order to acquire our target assets.
We also benefit from our Manager’s and its affiliates’ comprehensive financial and administrative infrastructure, including its risk management and financial reporting operations, as well as its business development, legal and compliance teams.
Investment Strategy
We invest in a diversified pool of mortgage assets that generate attractive risk-adjusted returns. Our target assets generally include Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, CMBS, residential and commercial mortgage loans and other real estate-related financing arrangements. In addition to direct purchases of our target assets, we also invest in equity investments (partnerships managed by an affiliate of the Company's Manager), which, in turn, invest in our target assets.
Agency RMBS
Agency RMBS are residential mortgage-backed securities for which a U.S. government agency such as Ginnie Mae, or a federally chartered corporation such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guarantees payments of principal and interest on the securities. Payments of principal and interest on Agency RMBS, not the market value of the securities themselves, are guaranteed. Agency RMBS differ from other forms of traditional debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or on specified call dates. Instead, Agency RMBS provide for monthly payments, which consist of both principal and interest. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of scheduled and prepaid principal payments and the monthly interest payments made by the individual borrowers on the mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the servicers, guarantors or other related parties of the securities.
The principal may be prepaid at any time due to prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans. These differences can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than is the case with other fixed-income securities.
Various factors affect the rate at which mortgage prepayments occur, including changes in the level and directional trends in housing prices, interest rates, general economic conditions, the age of the mortgage loan, the location of the property, social

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and demographic conditions, government initiated refinance programs, legislative regulations, and industry capacity. Generally, prepayments on Agency RMBS increase during periods of falling mortgage interest rates and decrease during periods of rising mortgage interest rates. However, this may not always be the case. We may reinvest principal repayments at a yield that is higher or lower than the yield on the repaid investment, thus affecting our net interest income by altering the average yield on our assets.
However, when interest rates are declining, the value of Agency RMBS with prepayment options may not increase as much as other fixed income securities. The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of Agency RMBS and may have the effect of shortening or extending the duration of the security beyond what was anticipated at the time of purchase. When interest rates rise, our holdings of Agency RMBS may experience reduced returns if the owners of the underlying mortgages pay off their mortgages slower than anticipated. This is generally referred to as extension risk.
Mortgage pass-through certificates, CMOs, Freddie Mac Gold Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates and Ginnie Mae Certificates are types of Agency RMBS that are collateralized by either fixed-rate mortgage loans (“FRMs”), adjustable-rate mortgage loans (“ARMs”), or hybrid ARMs. FRMs have an interest rate that is fixed for the term of the loan and do not adjust. The interest rates on ARMs generally adjust annually (although some may adjust more frequently) to an increment over a specified interest rate index. Hybrid ARMs have interest rates that are fixed for a specified period of time (typically three, five, seven or ten years) and, thereafter, adjust to an increment over a specified interest rate index. ARMs and hybrid ARMs generally have periodic and lifetime constraints on how much the loan interest rate can change on any predetermined interest rate reset date. Our allocation of our Agency RMBS collateralized by FRMs, ARMs or hybrid ARMs will depend on various factors including, but not limited to, relative value, expected future prepayment trends, supply and demand, costs of hedging, costs of financing, expected future interest rate volatility and the overall shape of the U.S. Treasury and interest rate swap yield curves. We take these factors into account when we make investments.
Non-Agency RMBS
Non-Agency RMBS are residential mortgage-backed securities that are not issued or guaranteed by a U.S. government agency. Like Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS represent interests in “pools” of mortgage loans secured by residential real property. The mortgage loan collateral for non-Agency RMBS generally consists of residential mortgage loans that do not conform to the U.S. government agency underwriting guidelines due to certain factors including mortgage balance in excess of such guidelines, borrower characteristics, loan characteristics and level of documentation.
A re-securitization of a real estate mortgage investment conduit (“Re-REMIC”) is a transaction in which an existing security or securities is transferred to a special purpose entity that has formed a securitization vehicle that will issue multiple classes of securities secured by and payable from cash flows on the underlying securities. A number of our non-Agency RMBS are structured as Re-REMICs.
Government-Sponsored Enterprises Credit Risk Transfer Securities
GSE CRT securities are general obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that are structured to provide credit protection to the issuer with respect to defaults and other credit events within pools of residential mortgage loans that collateralize MBS issued and guaranteed by the GSEs.  This credit protection is achieved by allowing the GSEs to reduce the outstanding class principal balance of the securities as designated credit events on the loans arise. The GSEs make monthly payments of accrued interest and periodic payments of principal to the holders of the securities.  To date, all GSE CRT securities have paid a floating interest rate benchmarked to one-month LIBOR.
CMBS
CMBS are securities backed by obligations (including certificates of participation in obligations) that are principally secured by commercial mortgages on real property or interests therein having a multifamily or commercial use, such as regional malls, retail space, office buildings, industrial or warehouse properties, hotels, apartments, nursing homes and senior living facilities.
CMBS are typically issued in multiple tranches whereby the more senior classes are entitled to priority distributions to make specified interest and principal payments on such tranches. Losses and other shortfalls from expected amounts to be received on the mortgage pool are borne by the most subordinate classes, which receive payments only after the more senior classes have received all principal and/or interest to which they are entitled. The credit quality of CMBS depends on the credit quality of the underlying mortgage loans, which is a function of factors such as the principal amount of loans relative to the value of the related properties, the mortgage loan terms, such as amortization, market assessment and geographic location, construction quality of the property, and the creditworthiness of the borrowers.

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Residential Mortgage Loans
Residential mortgage loans are loans secured by residential real properties. We generally focus our residential mortgage loan acquisition efforts on the purchase of loan portfolios that are first lien, single-family FRMs, ARMs and Hybrid ARMs with original terms to maturity of not more than 30 years and that are either fully amortizing or are interest-only for up to ten years, and fully amortizing thereafter.
Prime and Jumbo Prime Mortgage Loans
Prime mortgage loans are mortgage loans that generally require borrower credit histories, debt-to-income ratios and loan-to-value ratios similar to those dictated by GSE underwriting guidelines, though in certain cases they may not meet the same income documentation or other requirements. Jumbo prime mortgage loans are mortgage loans with requirements similar to prime mortgage loans except that the mortgage balance exceeds the maximum amount permitted by GSE underwriting guidelines.
Alt-A Mortgage Loans
Alt-A mortgage loans are mortgage loans made to borrowers whose qualifying mortgage characteristics do not conform to GSE underwriting guidelines, but whose borrower characteristics may. Generally, Alt-A mortgage loans allow homeowners to qualify for a mortgage loan with reduced or alternative forms of documentation. The credit quality of Alt-A borrowers generally exceeds the credit quality of subprime borrowers.
Subprime Mortgage Loans
Subprime mortgage loans are loans that do not conform to U.S. government agency underwriting guidelines. Subprime borrowers generally have imperfect or impaired credit histories and low credit scores.
Reperforming Mortgage Loans
Reperforming mortgage loans are residential mortgage loans that have a history of delinquency and generally have been restructured since origination.  Reperforming mortgage loans may or may not have originally conformed to GSE underwriting guidelines.  Due to past delinquencies, borrowers generally have impaired credit histories and low credit scores, and may have a greater than normal risk of future delinquencies and defaults.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Commercial mortgage loans are mortgage loans secured by first or second liens on commercial properties such as regional malls, retail space, office buildings, industrial or warehouse properties, hotels, apartments, nursing homes and senior living facilities. These loans, which tend to range in term from two to ten years, can carry either fixed or floating interest rates. They generally permit pre-payments before final maturity but may require the payment to the lender of yield maintenance pre-payment penalties. First lien loans represent the senior lien on a property while second lien loans or second mortgages represent a subordinate or second lien on a property.
Mezzanine Loans
Mezzanine loans are generally structured to represent a senior position in the borrower’s equity in, and subordinate to a first mortgage loan, on a property. These loans are generally secured by pledges of ownership interests, in whole or in part, in entities that directly or indirectly own the real property. At times, mezzanine loans may be secured by additional collateral, including letters of credit, personal guarantees, or collateral unrelated to the property. Mezzanine loans may be structured to carry either fixed or floating interest rates as well as carry a right to participate in a percentage of gross revenues and a percentage of the increase in the fair market value of the property securing the loan. Mezzanine loans may also contain prepayment lockouts, penalties, minimum profit hurdles and other mechanisms to protect and enhance returns to the lender. Mezzanine loans usually have maturities that match the maturity of the related mortgage loan but may have shorter or longer terms.
Equity Investments
The Company has investments in unconsolidated ventures. In circumstances where the Company has a non-controlling interest but is deemed to be able to exert significant influence over the affairs of the enterprise, the Company utilizes the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the initial investment is increased each period for additional capital contributions and a proportionate share of the entity’s earnings and decreased for cash distributions and a proportionate share of the entity’s losses.

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Financing Strategy
We generally finance our investments through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements and secured loans. We finance our residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities issued by consolidated securitization trusts. We have also financed investments through the issuances of debt and equity.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are financings pursuant to which we sell our target assets to the repurchase agreement counterparty, the buyer, for an agreed upon price with the obligation to repurchase these assets from the buyer at a future date and at a price higher than the original purchase price. The amount of financing we receive under a repurchase agreement is limited to a specified percentage of the estimated market value of the assets we sell to the buyer. The difference between the sale price and repurchase price is the cost, or interest expense, of financing under a repurchase agreement. Under repurchase agreement financing arrangements, certain buyers require us to provide additional cash collateral in the event the market value of the asset declines to maintain the ratio of value of the collateral to the amount of borrowing.
Secured Loans
In March 2014, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI"). As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC may borrow funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured advances. FHLBI advances are treated as secured financing transactions and are carried at their contractual amounts.
Leverage
We use leverage on our target assets to achieve our return objectives, which are adjusted as our investment and financing opportunities change. The amount of leverage we apply to a given asset depends primarily on the expected price volatility and liquidity of the asset we use as collateral, the type of financing, the advance rate against our collateral, and the cost of financing. Shorter duration and higher quality liquid assets generally merit higher leverage due to lower price volatility, higher advance rates, and more attractive financing rates. Assets that are less liquid or exhibit higher price volatility tend to be held unlevered or with lower leverage applied.
We include a table that shows the allocation of our equity to our target assets in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Operations" of this Report. In addition, we present a non-GAAP financial measure of leverage, our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio.  Since we began using other longer-term means of financing our investments, such as our exchangeable senior notes, asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts, and secured loans, we have reduced our reliance on repurchase agreements. We believe presenting our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio. when considered with U.S. GAAP financial measures, provides information that is useful to investors in understanding the Company's refinancing risks, and gives investors a comparable statistic to other mortgage REITS who almost exclusively borrow using repurchase agreements which are short-term and subject to refinancing risk.
Risk Management Strategy
Market Risk Management
Risk management is an integral component of our strategy to deliver returns to our stockholders. Because we invest in MBS, investment losses from prepayment, interest rate volatility or other risks can meaningfully impact our earnings and our distributions to stockholders. In addition, because we employ financial leverage in funding our investment portfolio, mismatches in the maturities of our assets and liabilities can create the need to continually renew or otherwise refinance our liabilities. Our results are dependent upon a positive spread between the returns on our asset portfolio and our overall cost of funding. To minimize the risks to our portfolio, we actively employ portfolio-wide and security-specific risk measurement and management processes in our daily operations. Our Manager’s risk management tools include software and services licensed or purchased from third parties, in addition to proprietary software and analytical methods developed by Invesco.
Interest Rate Risk
We engage in a variety of interest rate management techniques that seek to mitigate the influence of interest rate changes on the costs of liabilities and help us achieve our risk management objective. Specifically, we seek to hedge our exposure to potential interest rate mismatches between the interest we earn on our investments and our borrowing costs caused by fluctuations in short-term interest rates. In utilizing leverage and interest rate hedges, we seek to improve risk-adjusted returns and, where possible, to lock in, on a long-term basis, a favorable spread between the yield on our assets and the cost of our financing. We may utilize various derivative financial instruments including puts and calls on securities or indices of securities, futures, interest rate swaps and swaptions, interest rate caps, exchange-traded derivatives, U.S. Treasury securities and options on U.S. Treasury securities and interest rate floors to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with the financing of our investment portfolio.

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Credit Risk
We believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our credit losses and financing costs low. However, we retain the risk of potential credit losses on all of our residential and commercial mortgage investments. We seek to manage this risk in part through our pre-acquisition due diligence process. In addition, we re-evaluate the credit risk inherent in our investments on a regular basis pursuant to fundamental considerations such as gross domestic product ("GDP"), unemployment, interest rates, retail sales, store closings/openings, corporate earnings, housing inventory, affordability and regional home price trends. We also review key loan credit metrics including, but not limited to, payment status, current loan-to-value ratios, current borrower credit scores and debt yields. These characteristics assist in determining the likelihood and severity of loan loss as well as prepayment and extension expectations. We then perform structural analysis under multiple scenarios to establish likely cash flow profiles and credit enhancement levels relative to collateral performance projections. This analysis allows us to quantify our opinions of credit quality and fundamental value, which are key drivers of portfolio management decisions.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We have an investment in a commercial loan denominated in a foreign currency. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk on the balance of the loan and contractual payments of interest on the loan. We have hedged our foreign currency exposure on the loan by purchasing currency forward contracts.
Investment Guidelines
Our board of directors has adopted the following investment guidelines:
•
no investment shall be made that would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes;
•
no investment shall be made that would cause us to be regulated as an investment company under the 1940 Act;
•
our assets will be invested within our target assets; and
•
until appropriate investments can be identified, our Manager may pay off short-term debt or invest the proceeds of any offering in interest-bearing, short-term investments, including funds that are consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification.
These investment guidelines may be changed from time to time by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders.
Investment Committee
Our investment committee is comprised of certain of our officers and certain of our Manager’s investment professionals. The investment committee periodically reviews our investment portfolio for risk characteristics, investment performance, liquidity, portfolio composition, leverage and other applicable items. It also reviews its compliance with our investment policies and procedures, including our investment guidelines, and our Manager provides our board of directors an investment report at the end of each quarter in conjunction with its review of our quarterly results.
Investment Process
Our Manager’s investment team has a strong focus on asset selection and on the relative value of various sectors within the mortgage market. Our Manager utilizes this expertise to build a diversified portfolio. Our Manager incorporates its views on the economic environment and the outlook for the mortgage market, including relative valuation, supply and demand trends, the level of interest rates, the shape of the yield curve, prepayment rates, financing and liquidity, housing prices, delinquencies, default rates and loss severity rates of various collateral types.
Our investment process includes sourcing and screening investment opportunities, assessing investment suitability, conducting interest rate and prepayment analysis, evaluating cash flow and collateral performance, reviewing legal structure and servicer and originator information and investment structuring, as appropriate, to ensure an attractive return commensurate with the risk we are bearing. Upon identification of an investment opportunity, the investment will be screened and monitored by our Manager to determine its impact on maintaining our REIT qualification and our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act. We make investments in sectors where our Manager has strong core competencies and where we believe market risk and expected performance can be reasonably quantified.
Our Manager evaluates each of our investment opportunities based on its expected risk-adjusted return relative to the returns available from other, comparable investments. In addition, we evaluate new opportunities based on their relative expected returns compared to assets held in our portfolio. The terms of any leverage available to us for use in funding an investment purchase are also taken into consideration, as are any risks posed by illiquidity or correlations with other assets in

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the portfolio. Our Manager also develops a macro outlook with respect to each target asset class by examining factors in the broader economy such as gross domestic product, interest rates, unemployment rates and availability of credit, among other factors. Our Manager analyzes fundamental trends in the relevant target asset class sector to adjust or maintain its outlook for that particular target asset class. These macro decisions guide our Manager’s assumptions regarding model inputs and portfolio allocations among target assets. Additionally, our Manager conducts extensive diligence with respect to each target asset class by, among other things, examining and monitoring the capabilities and financial wherewithal of the parties responsible for the origination, administration and servicing of relevant target assets.
Competition
Our net income depends, in large part, on our ability to acquire assets at favorable spreads over our borrowing costs. In acquiring our investments, we compete with other REITs, specialty finance companies, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, mutual funds, institutional investors, investment banking firms, financial institutions, governmental bodies and other entities. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Market Conditions.” In addition, there are numerous REITs with similar asset acquisition objectives. These other REITs increase competition for the available supply of mortgage assets suitable for purchase. Many of our competitors are significantly larger than we are, have access to greater capital and other resources and may have other advantages over us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than we can. Market conditions may attract more competitors, which may increase the competition for sources of financing. An increase in the competition for sources of financing could adversely affect the availability and cost of financing.
We have access to our Manager’s professionals and their industry expertise, which we believe provides us with a competitive advantage. These professionals help us assess investment risks and determine appropriate pricing for certain potential investments. These relationships enable us to compete more effectively for attractive investment opportunities. Despite certain competitive advantages, we may not be able to achieve our business goals or expectations due to the competitive risks that we face. For additional information concerning these competitive risks, refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities and competition may limit our ability to acquire desirable investments in our target assets and could also affect the pricing of these securities.”
Staffing
We are managed by our Manager pursuant to the management agreement between our Manager and us. Refer to “Certain Relationships, Related Transactions, and Director Independence” for a discussion of the management fee and our relationship with our Manager. All of our officers are employees of Invesco. We do not have any employees.
Our Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 1800, Atlanta, Georgia 30309. Our telephone number is (404) 892-0896. Our website is www.invescomortgagecapital.com. We make available free of charge, through our corporate website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information on our website is not intended to form a part of or be incorporated by reference into this Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Set forth below are the material risks and uncertainties that, if they were to occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the trading price of our securities. Additional risks not presently known, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Difficult conditions in the mortgage, residential and commercial real estate markets may cause us to experience market losses related to our investments.
Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the mortgage market, the residential and commercial real estate markets, the financial markets and the economy generally. Ongoing concerns about the mortgage market and real estate market, as well as inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues and the availability and cost of credit, continue to contribute to market volatility. The mortgage market has been severely affected by changes in the lending landscape and there is no

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assurance that these conditions have stabilized or that they will not worsen. The disruption in the mortgage market contributed to a decline in demand for homes, which compressed the homeownership rate and weighed heavily on home prices. There is a strong correlation between home price growth rates and mortgage loan delinquencies. Any deterioration of the real estate market may cause us to experience losses related to our assets and to sell assets at a loss.
Declines in the market values of our investments may adversely affect our results of operations and credit availability, which may reduce earnings and, in turn, cash available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, a substantial portion of our investments are classified for accounting purposes as “available-for-sale.” Changes in the market values of those assets will be directly charged or credited to stockholders' equity. As a result, a decline in values may reduce our book value.
Because assets we acquire may experience periods of illiquidity, we may lose profits or be prevented from earning capital gains if we cannot sell mortgage-related assets at an opportune time.
We bear the risk of being unable to dispose of our target assets at advantageous times or in a timely manner because mortgage-related assets generally experience periods of illiquidity. The lack of liquidity may result from the absence of a willing buyer or an established market for these assets, as well as legal or contractual restrictions on resale or the unavailability of financing for these assets. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited, which may cause us to incur losses.
In addition, some of the assets that comprise our investment portfolio and that we acquire are not publicly traded. These securities may be less liquid than publicly-traded securities. The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need or desire arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded our investments. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our investments may be concentrated and will be subject to risk of default.
While we diversify and intend to continue to diversify our portfolio of investments, we are not required to observe specific diversification criteria, except as may be set forth in the investment guidelines adopted by our board of directors. Therefore, our investments in our target assets may at times be concentrated in certain property types that are subject to higher risk of foreclosure, or secured by properties concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations. For example, as of December 31, 2014, a significant percentage of our non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS was secured by property located in California, as well as New York with respect to our CMBS. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Results - Investment Activities - Portfolio Characteristics” for additional information. To the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in any one region or type of security, downturns relating generally to such region or type of security may result in defaults on a number of our investments within a short time period, which may reduce our net income and the value of our capital stock and accordingly reduce our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities and competition may limit our ability to acquire desirable investments in our target assets and could also affect the pricing of these securities.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities. Our profitability depends, in large part, on our ability to acquire our target assets at attractive prices. In acquiring our target assets, we compete with a variety of institutional investors, including other REITs, specialty finance companies, public and private funds (including other funds managed by Invesco), commercial and investment banks, commercial finance and insurance companies and other financial institutions. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that may not be available to us, such as funding from the U.S. government, if we are not eligible to participate in programs established by the U.S. government. Many of our competitors are not subject to the operating constraints associated with REIT tax compliance or maintenance of an exemption from the 1940 Act. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships. Furthermore, competition for investments in our target assets may lead to the price of such assets increasing, which may further limit our ability to generate desired returns. We cannot assure you that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this competition, desirable investments in our target assets may be limited in the future and we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, as we can provide no assurance that we will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives.
We may invest in investments with which our stockholders may not agree.
Our stockholders will be unable to evaluate the manner in which we invest or the economic merit of our expected investments and, as a result, we may invest in investments with which our stockholders may not agree. The failure of our

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management to find investments that meet our investment criteria could cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and could cause the value of our capital stock to decline.
We acquire mortgage-backed securities and loans that are subject to defaults, foreclosure timeline extension, fraud and residential and commercial price depreciation, and unfavorable modification of loan principal amount, interest rate and amortization of principal, which could result in losses to us.
Mortgage-backed securities are secured by mortgage loans (primarily single family residential properties for RMBS and single commercial mortgage loans or a pool of commercial mortgage loans for CMBS). Accordingly, the MBS we invest in are subject to all the risks of the respective underlying mortgage loans, including risks of defaults, foreclosure timeline extension, fraud and price depreciation and unfavorable modification of loan principal amount, interest rate and amortization of principal, accompanying the underlying mortgage loans.
The ability of a borrower to repay a mortgage loan secured by a residential property is dependent in part upon the income and assets of the borrower. A number of factors over which we have no control may impair a borrower’s ability to repay their loans.
Commercial mortgage loans are secured by multifamily or commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss that may be greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income-producing property can be affected by a number of factors over which we have no control.
In the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us, we bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations. In the event of defaults on the mortgage loans that underlie our investments and the exhaustion of any underlying or any additional credit support, we may not realize our anticipated return on our investments and we may incur a loss on these investments.
Our investments include non-Agency RMBS collateralized by Alt-A and subprime mortgage loans, which are subject to increased risks.
Our investments include non-Agency RMBS backed by collateral pools of mortgage loans known as “Alt-A mortgage loans,” or “subprime mortgage loans.” These loans have been originated using underwriting standards that are less restrictive than those used in underwriting “prime mortgage loans.” These lower standards include mortgage loans made to borrowers having imperfect or impaired credit histories, mortgage loans where the amount of the loan at origination is 80% or more of the value of the mortgage property, mortgage loans made to borrowers who have other debt that represents a large portion of their income and mortgage loans made to borrowers whose income is not required to be disclosed or verified. Due to economic conditions, a decline in home prices, and aggressive lending practices, many Alt-A and subprime mortgage loans have experienced increased rates of delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy and loss, and they are likely to continue to experience delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy and loss rates that are higher, and that may be substantially higher, than those experienced by mortgage loans underwritten in a more traditional manner. Thus, because of the higher delinquency rates and losses associated with many Alt-A and subprime mortgage loans, the performance of non-Agency RMBS backed by Alt-A and subprime mortgage loans that we may acquire could be correspondingly adversely affected, which could adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and business.
Our subordinated MBS assets may be in the “first loss” position, subjecting us to greater risks of loss.
We invest in certain tranches of MBS that are only entitled to a portion of the principal and interest payments made on mortgage loans underlying the securities issued by the trust. In general, losses on a mortgage loan included in a RMBS trust will be borne first by the equity holder of the issuing trust if any, and then by the “first loss” subordinated security holder and then by the “second loss” subordinate holder and so on. For CMBS assets, losses on a mortgaged property securing a mortgage loan included in a securitization will be borne first by the equity holder of the property, then by a cash reserve fund or letter of credit, if any, then by the holder of a mezzanine loan or B-Note, if any, then by the “first loss” subordinated security holder (generally, the “B-Piece” buyer) and then by the holder of a higher-rated security.
We may acquire securities at every level of such a trust, from the equity position to the most senior tranche. In the event of default and the exhaustion of any classes of securities junior to those which we acquire, our securities will suffer losses as well. In addition, if we overvalue the underlying mortgage portfolio, or if the values subsequently decline and, as a result, less collateral is available to satisfy interest and principal payments due on the related MBS, the securities which we acquire may

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effectively become the “first loss” position ahead of the more senior securities, which may result in significant losses. The prices of lower credit quality securities are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than more highly rated securities, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual issuer developments. A projection of an economic downturn could cause a decline in the value of lower credit quality securities because the ability of obligors of mortgages underlying MBS to make principal and interest payments may be impaired. In such event, existing credit support in the securitization structure may be insufficient to protect us against loss of our principal on these securities.
Fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect the value of our investments and cause our interest expense to increase, which could result in reduced earnings, affect our profitability and dividends as well as the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Interest rate fluctuations present a variety of risks, including the risk of a narrowing of the difference between asset yields and borrowing rates, flattening or inversion of the yield curve and fluctuating prepayment rates, and may adversely affect our income and the value of our assets and capital stock.
We invest in Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, CMBS and mortgage loans that are subject to risks related to interest rate fluctuations. In a normal yield curve environment, short-term interest rates are lower than long-term interest rates. Fluctuations in short- or long-term interest rates could have adverse effects on our operations and financial condition, which may negatively affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Fluctuations in interest rates could impact us as follows:
•
If long-term rates increased significantly, the market value of investments in our target assets would decline, and the duration and weighted average life of the investments may increase. We could realize a loss if the securities were sold. Further, declines in market value may reduce book value and ultimately reduce earnings or result in losses to us.
•
An increase in short-term interest rates would increase the amount of interest owed on the repurchase agreements we enter into to finance the purchase of our investments.
•
If short-term interest rates rise disproportionately relative to longer-term interest rates (a flattening of the yield curve), our borrowing costs may increase more rapidly than the interest income earned on our assets. Because we expect our investments, on average, generally will bear interest based on longer-term rates than our borrowings, a flattening of the yield curve would tend to decrease our net income. Additionally, to the extent cash flows from investments that return scheduled and unscheduled principal are reinvested, the spread between the yields on the new investments and available borrowing rates may decline, which would likely decrease our net income.
•
If short-term interest rates exceed longer-term interest rates (a yield curve inversion), our borrowing costs may exceed our interest income and we could incur operating losses.
•
If interest rates fall, we may recognize losses on our swap positions that are not offset by gains on our assets, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.
In a period of rising interest rates, our operating results will depend in large part on the difference between the income from our assets and financing costs. We anticipate that, in most cases, the income from such assets will respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may significantly influence our net income. Increases in these rates will tend to decrease our net income and the market value of our assets and may negatively affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
In addition, market values of our investments may decline without any general increase in interest rates for a number of reasons, such as increases or expected increases in defaults, or increases or expected increases in voluntary prepayments for those investments that are subject to prepayment risk or widening of credit spreads, which may negatively affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may not control the special servicing of the mortgage loans included in the MBS in which we invest and, in such cases, the special servicer may take actions that could adversely affect our interests.
With respect to each series of MBS in which we invest, overall control over the special servicing of the related underlying mortgage loans is held by a “directing certificate holder” or a “controlling class representative,” which is appointed by the holders of the most subordinate class of MBS in such series. Depending on the class of MBS in which we invest, we may not have the right to appoint the directing certificate holder. In connection with the servicing of the specially serviced mortgage loans, the related special servicer may, at the direction of the directing certificate holder, take actions with respect to the specially serviced mortgage loans that could adversely affect our interests.
 

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If our Manager underestimates the collateral loss on our investments, we may experience losses.
Our Manager values our potential investments based on loss-adjusted yields, taking into account estimated future losses on the mortgage loans that collateralize the investments, and the estimated impact of these losses on expected future cash flows. Our Manager’s loss estimates may not prove accurate, as actual results may vary from estimates. In the event that our Manager underestimates the pool level losses relative to the price we pay for a particular investment, we may experience losses with respect to such investment.
We and our third party loan originators and servicers’ due diligence of potential assets may not reveal all of the liabilities associated with such assets and may not reveal other weaknesses in such assets, which could lead to losses.
Before making an asset acquisition, we will assess the strengths and weaknesses of the originator or issuer of the asset as well as other factors and characteristics that are material to the performance of the asset. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, we will rely on resources available to us, including our third party loan originators and servicers. This process is particularly important with respect to newly formed originators or issuers because there may be little or no information publicly available about these entities and assets. There can be no assurance that our due diligence process will uncover all relevant facts or that any asset acquisition will be successful, which could lead to losses in the value of our portfolio.
We depend on third-party service providers, including mortgage servicers, for a variety of services related to our RMBS. We are, therefore, subject to the risks associated with third-party service providers.
We depend on a variety of services provided by third-party service providers related to our RMBS. We rely on the mortgage servicers who service the mortgage loans backing our RMBS to, among other things, collect principal and interest payments on the underlying mortgages and perform loss mitigation services. Mortgage servicers and other service providers to our RMBS, such as trustees, bond insurance providers and custodians, may not perform in a manner that promotes our interests.
For example, recent legislation intended to reduce or prevent foreclosures through, among other things, loan modifications may reduce the value of mortgage loans underlying our RMBS. Mortgage servicers may be incentivized to pursue such loan modifications, as well as forbearance plans and other actions intended to prevent foreclosure, even if such loan modifications and other actions are not in the best interests of the beneficial owners of the mortgage loans.  Similarly, legislation delaying the initiation or completion of foreclosure proceedings on specified types of residential mortgage loans or otherwise limiting the ability of mortgage servicers to take actions that may be essential to preserve the value of the mortgage loans may also reduce the value of mortgage loans underlying our RMBS. Any such limitations are likely to cause delayed or reduced collections from mortgagors and generally increase servicing costs. As a consequence of the foregoing matters, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
In addition, federal and state governmental and regulatory bodies have pursued settlement agreements with a number of mortgage servicers to address alleged servicing and foreclosure abuses related to deficiencies in foreclosure documentation. These agreements may result in the temporary delay of foreclosure proceedings while servicers modify their foreclosure practices. The extension of foreclosure timelines may increase the inventory backlog of distressed homes on the market and create greater uncertainty about housing prices. Prior to making investments in non-Agency RMBS, we carefully consider many factors, including housing prices and foreclosure timelines, and formulate loss assumptions. The concerns about deficiencies in foreclosure practices of servicers may impact our loss assumptions and affect the values of, and our returns on, our investments in non-Agency RMBS.
Our commercial loans held-for investment include investments that involve greater risks of loss than senior loan assets secured by income-producing properties.
We may acquire mezzanine loans, which take the form of subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying property or loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of either the entity owning the property or the entity that owns the interest in the entity owning the property. These types of assets involve a higher degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property, because the loan may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our initial expenditure. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.
In addition, we make commercial loans structured as preferred equity investments. These investments involve a higher degree of risk than conventional debt financing due to a variety of factors, including their non-collateralized nature and subordinated ranking to other loans and liabilities of the entity in which such preferred equity is held. Accordingly, if the issuer

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defaults on our investment, we would only be able to proceed against such entity in accordance with the terms of the preferred security, and not against any property owned by such entity. Furthermore, in the event of bankruptcy or foreclosure, we would only be able to recoup our investment after all lenders to, and other creditors of, such entity are paid in full. As a result, we may lose all or a significant part of our investment, which could result in significant losses.
We may acquire B-Notes, mortgage loans typically (i) secured by a first mortgage on a single large commercial property or group of related properties, and (ii) subordinated to an A-Note secured by the same first mortgage on the same collateral. As a result, if a borrower defaults, there may not be sufficient funds remaining for B-Note holders after payment to the A-Note holders. However, because each transaction is privately negotiated, B-Notes can vary in their structural characteristics and risks. For example, the rights of holders of B-Notes to control the process following a borrower default may vary from transaction to transaction. Further, B-Notes typically are secured by a single property and reflect the risks associated with significant concentration.
Significant losses related to our commercial loans held for investment would result in operating losses for us and may limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
When we foreclose on an asset, we may come to own and operate the property securing the loan, which would expose us to the risks inherent in that activity.
When we foreclose on an asset, we may take title to the property securing that asset, and if we do not or cannot sell the property, we would then come to own and operate it as “real estate owned.” Owning and operating real property involves risks that are different (and in many ways more significant) than the risks faced in owning an asset secured by that property. In addition, we may end up owning a property that we would not otherwise have decided to acquire directly at the price of our original investment or at all. We may not manage these properties as well as they might be managed by another owner, and our returns to investors could suffer. If we foreclose on and come to own property, our financial performance and returns to stockholders could suffer.
Liability relating to environmental matters may impact the value of properties that we may acquire or foreclose on.
If we acquire or foreclose on properties with respect to which we have extended mortgage loans, we may be subject to environmental liabilities arising from such foreclosed properties. Under various U.S. federal, state and local laws, an owner or operator of real property may become liable for the costs of removal of certain hazardous substances released on its property. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of such hazardous substances.
The presence of hazardous substances may adversely affect an owner’s ability to sell real estate or borrow using real estate as collateral. To the extent that an owner of a property underlying one of our debt investments becomes liable for removal costs, the ability of the owner to make payments to us may be reduced, which in turn may adversely affect the value of the relevant mortgage asset held by us and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. If we acquire any properties, the presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property and we may incur substantial remediation costs, thus harming our financial condition. The discovery of material environmental liabilities attached to such properties could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
An increase in interest rates may cause a decrease in the volume of certain of our target assets which could adversely affect our ability to acquire target assets that satisfy our investment objectives and to generate income and pay dividends.
Rising interest rates generally reduce the demand for mortgage loans due to the higher cost of borrowing. A reduction in the volume of mortgage loans originated may affect the volume of target assets available to us, which could adversely affect our ability to acquire assets that satisfy our investment objectives. Rising interest rates may also cause our target assets that were issued prior to an interest rate increase to provide yields that are below prevailing market interest rates. If rising interest rates cause us to be unable to acquire a sufficient volume of our target assets with a yield that is above our borrowing cost, our ability to satisfy our investment objectives and to generate income and pay dividends may be materially and adversely affected.
We may experience a decline in the market value of our mortgage-backed securities.
A decline in the market value of our mortgage-backed securities may require us to recognize an “other-than-temporary” impairment against such assets under U.S. GAAP if we were to determine that, with respect to any assets in unrealized loss positions, we do not have the ability and intent to hold such assets to maturity or for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery to the amortized cost of such assets. If such a determination were to be made, we would recognize unrealized losses through earnings and write down the amortized cost of such assets to a new cost basis, based on the fair market value of such assets on the date they are considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Such impairment charges reflect non-cash losses

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at the time of recognition; subsequent disposition or sale of such assets could further affect our future losses or gains, as they are based on the difference between the sale price received and adjusted amortized cost of such assets at the time of sale.
Our mortgage-backed securities are recorded at estimated fair value and, as a result, there is uncertainty as to the value of these investments.
Some of our mortgage-backed securities are in the form of securities that are not publicly or actively traded. The fair value of mortgage-backed securities that are not publicly or actively traded may not be readily determinable. We value these investments quarterly at fair value, which may include unobservable inputs. Because such valuations are subjective, the fair value of certain of our assets may fluctuate over short periods of time and our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. The value of our capital stock could be adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of these investments were materially higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon their disposal.
Prepayment rates may adversely affect the value of our investment portfolio.
Pools of residential mortgage loans underlie the RMBS that we acquire. In the case of residential mortgage loans, there are seldom any restrictions on borrowers’ abilities to prepay their loans. We generally receive prepayments of principal that are made on these underlying mortgage loans. When borrowers prepay their mortgage loans faster than expected, the prepayments on the RMBS are also faster than expected. Faster than expected prepayments could adversely affect our profitability, including in the following ways:
•
We may purchase RMBS that have a higher interest rate than the market interest rate at the time. In exchange for this higher interest rate, we may pay a premium over the par value to acquire the security. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we may amortize this premium over the estimated term of the RMBS. If the RMBS is prepaid in whole or in part prior to its maturity date, however, we may be required to expense the premium that was prepaid at the time of the prepayment.
•
A substantial portion of our adjustable-rate RMBS may bear interest rates that are lower than their fully indexed rates, which are equivalent to the applicable index rate plus a margin. If an adjustable-rate RMBS is prepaid prior to or soon after the time of adjustment to a fully-indexed rate, we will have held that RMBS while it was least profitable and lost the opportunity to receive interest at the fully indexed rate over the remainder of its expected life.
•
If we are unable to acquire new RMBS similar to the prepaid RMBS, our financial condition, results of operation and cash flow would suffer. Prepayment rates generally increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise, but changes in prepayment rates are difficult to predict. Prepayment rates also may be affected by conditions in the housing and financial markets, general economic conditions and the relative interest rates on FRMs and ARMs.
While we seek to minimize prepayment risk to the extent practical, in selecting investments we must balance prepayment risk against other risks and the potential returns of each investment. No strategy can completely insulate us from prepayment risk.
Ongoing market conditions may upset the historical relationship between interest rate changes and prepayment trends, which would make it more difficult for us to analyze our investment portfolio.
Our success depends on our ability to analyze the relationship of changing interest rates on prepayments of the mortgage loans that underlie our RMBS and mortgage loans we acquire. Changes in interest rates and prepayments affect the market price of the target assets. As part of our overall portfolio risk management, we analyze interest rate changes and prepayment trends separately and collectively to assess their effects on our investment portfolio. In conducting our analysis, we depend on certain assumptions based upon historical trends with respect to the relationship between interest rates and prepayments under normal market conditions. If dislocations in the mortgage market or other developments change the way that prepayment trends have historically responded to interest rate changes, our ability to (1) assess the market value of our investment portfolio, (2) implement our hedging strategies, and (3) implement techniques to reduce our prepayment rate volatility would be significantly affected, which could materially adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
Risks Related to Financing and Hedging
We use leverage in executing our business strategy, which may adversely affect the return on our assets and may reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders, as well as increase losses when economic conditions are unfavorable.
We use leverage to finance our assets through borrowings from repurchase agreements and other secured and unsecured forms of borrowing (including Federal Home Loan Bank advances), and we contribute capital to equity investments. Although we are not required to maintain any particular debt-to-equity leverage ratio, the amount of leverage we may deploy for particular assets will depend upon our Manager’s assessment of the credit and other risks of those assets.

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Our access to financing depends upon a number of factors over which we have little or no control, including:
•general market conditions;
•the lender’s view of the quality of our assets, valuation of our assets and our liquidity;
•the lender’s perception of our growth potential;
•regulatory requirements of the Federal Housing Finance Authority or Federal Home Loan Bank;
•our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions; and
•the market price of the shares of our capital stock.
Any weakness or volatility in the financial markets, the residential and commercial mortgage markets or the economy generally could adversely affect the factors listed above. In addition, such weakness or volatility could adversely affect one or more of our potential lenders and could cause one or more of our potential lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with financing or to increase the costs of that financing. Some of our target assets may be more difficult to finance than others and the market for such financing can change based on many factors over which we have little or no control.
The return on our assets and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that market conditions prevent us from leveraging our assets or cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that can be derived from the assets acquired. Our financing costs will reduce cash available for distributions to stockholders. We may not be able to meet our financing obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to liquidation or sale to satisfy the obligations.
As a result of ongoing market conditions, including the contraction among and failure of certain lenders, it may be more difficult for us to secure financing.
Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and the economy generally. Continuing concerns over inflation, energy price volatility, geopolitical issues, unemployment, the availability and cost of credit, the mortgage market and the real estate market contribute to market volatility.
In recent years, dramatic declines in the residential and commercial real estate markets, decreased home prices and increased foreclosures and unemployment resulted in significant asset writedowns by financial institutions, which caused many financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with other institutions and, in some cases, to fail. We rely significantly on the availability of repurchase agreement financing to acquire many of our target assets. Institutions from which we seek to obtain financing may have owned or financed residential or commercial mortgage loans, real estate-related securities and real estate loans which have declined in value and caused losses. Many lenders and institutional investors have reduced and, in some cases, ceased to provide funding to borrowers, including other financial institutions. As a result of ongoing market conditions and regulatory actions, it may be more difficult for us to secure financing as there are fewer institutional lenders and those remaining lenders have tightened their lending standards. Our profitability may be adversely affected if we are unable to secure financing for our assets.
We depend on repurchase agreement financing to acquire our target assets and our inability to access this funding on acceptable terms could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and business.
We use repurchase agreement financing as a strategy to increase the return on our assets. However, we may not be able to achieve our desired leverage ratio for a number of reasons, including if the following events occur:
•our lenders do not make repurchase agreement financing available to us at acceptable rates;
•certain of our lenders exit the repurchase market;
•our lenders require that we pledge additional collateral to cover our borrowings, which we may be unable to do; or
•we determine that the leverage would expose us to excessive risk.
Our ability to fund our target assets may be impacted by our ability to secure repurchase agreement financing on acceptable terms. We can provide no assurance that lenders will be willing or able to provide us with sufficient financing. In addition, because repurchase agreements are short-term commitments of capital, lenders may respond to market conditions making it more difficult for us to secure continued financing. During certain periods of the credit cycle, lenders may curtail their willingness to provide financing. For example, in response to market conditions lenders have in the past and may in the future increase financing rates and decrease advance rates. Repurchase agreement counterparties have taken these steps in order to compensate themselves for a perceived increased risk due to the illiquidity of the underlying collateral. In some cases, margin calls have forced borrowers to liquidate collateral in order to meet the capital requirements of these margin calls, resulting in losses. In addition, if major market participants were to exit the repurchase agreement financing business, the value of our portfolio could be negatively impacted, thus reducing net stockholder equity, or book value. Furthermore, if many of our current or potential lenders are unwilling or unable to provide us with repurchase agreement financing, we could be forced to sell our assets at an inopportune time when prices are depressed. In addition, if the regulatory capital requirements imposed on

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our lenders change, they may be required to significantly increase the cost of the financing that they provide to us. Our lenders also may revise their eligibility requirements for the types of assets they are willing to finance or the terms of such financings, based on, among other factors, the regulatory environment and their management of perceived risk, particularly with respect to assignee liability.
If a counterparty to our repurchase transactions defaults on its obligation to resell the underlying security back to us at the end of the transaction term, if the value of the underlying security has declined as of the end of that term, or if we default on our obligations under the repurchase agreement, we may incur a loss on our repurchase transactions.
When we engage in repurchase transactions, we generally sell securities to lenders (repurchase agreement counterparties) and receive cash from these lenders. The lenders are obligated to resell the same or similar securities back to us at the end of the term of the transaction. Because the cash we receive from the lender when we initially sell the securities to the lender is less than the value of those securities (this difference is the haircut), if the lender defaults on its obligation to resell the same securities back to us we may incur a loss on the transaction equal to the amount of the haircut (assuming there was no change in the value of the securities). As of December 31, 2014, three counterparties held collateral that exceeded the amounts borrowed under the related repurchase agreements by more than $131.9 million, or 5% of our stockholders’ equity. Refer to Note 7 - "Borrowings" of our consolidated financial statements for additional detail. We may incur a loss on a repurchase transaction if the value of the underlying securities has declined as of the end of the transaction term, as we would have to repurchase the securities for their initial value but would receive securities worth less than that amount. Further, if we default on one of our obligations under a repurchase transaction, the lender can terminate the transaction and cease entering into any other repurchase transactions with us. Some of our repurchase agreements contain cross-default provisions, so that if a default occurs under any one agreement, the lenders under our other agreements could also declare a default. Any losses we incur on our repurchase transactions could adversely affect our earnings and thus our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
The repurchase agreements that we use to finance our investments may require us to provide additional collateral and may restrict us from leveraging our assets as fully as desired.
The amount of financing we receive, or may in the future receive, under our repurchase agreements and secured loans, is directly related to the lenders’ valuation of the assets that secure the outstanding borrowings. Lenders under our repurchase agreements and secured loans typically have the absolute right to reevaluate the market value of the assets that secure outstanding borrowings at any time. If a lender determines in its sole discretion that the value of the assets has decreased, it has the right to initiate a margin call or increase collateral requirements. A margin call or increased collateral requirements would require us to transfer additional assets to such lender without any advance of funds from the lender for such transfer or to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings. Any such margin call or increased collateral requirements could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, business, liquidity and ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and could cause the value of our capital stock to decline. We may be forced to sell assets at significantly depressed prices to meet such margin calls and to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause us to incur losses. Moreover, to the extent we are forced to sell assets at such time, given market conditions, we may be selling at the same time as others facing similar pressures, which could exacerbate a difficult market environment and which could result in our incurring significantly greater losses on our sale of such assets. In an extreme case of market duress, a market may not even be present for certain of our assets at any price. Such a situation would likely result in a rapid deterioration of our financial condition and possibly necessitate a filing for bankruptcy protection.
Further, financial institutions providing the repurchase facilities may require us to maintain a certain amount of cash uninvested or to set aside non-levered assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position which would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. In addition, the FHLBI could increase our collateral requirements. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as desired, which could reduce our return on equity. If we are unable to meet these collateral obligations, our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly.
A failure to comply with restrictive covenants in our repurchase agreements and other financing arrangements would have a material adverse effect on us, and any future financings may require us to provide additional collateral or pay down debt.
 We are subject to various restrictive covenants contained in our existing financing arrangements and may become subject to additional covenants in connection with future financings. Many of our master repurchase agreements, as well as our FHLB financing arrangements, require us to maintain compliance with various financial covenants, including a minimum tangible net worth and specified financial ratios, such as total debt to total assets. These covenants may limit our flexibility to pursue certain investments or incur additional debt. If we fail to meet or satisfy any of these covenants, we would be in default under these agreements, and our lenders could elect to declare outstanding amounts due and payable, terminate their commitments, require the posting of additional collateral and enforce their interests against existing collateral. We may also be subject to cross-default and acceleration rights and, with respect to collateralized debt, the posting of additional collateral and foreclosure rights upon

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default. Further, this could also make it difficult for us to satisfy the distribution requirements necessary to maintain our status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Our use or future use of repurchase agreements to finance our target assets may give our lenders greater rights in the event that either we or a lender files for bankruptcy.
Our borrowings or future borrowings under repurchase agreements for our target assets may qualify for special treatment under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, giving our lenders the ability to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and to take possession of and liquidate the assets that we have pledged under their repurchase agreements without delay in the event that we file for bankruptcy. Furthermore, the special treatment of repurchase agreements under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code may make it difficult for us to recover our pledged assets in the event that a lender party to such agreement files for bankruptcy. Therefore, our use of repurchase agreements to finance our investments exposes our pledged assets to risk in the event of a bankruptcy filing by either a lender or us.
We enter into hedging transactions that could expose us to contingent liabilities in the future.
Part of our investment strategy involves entering into hedging transactions that could require us to fund cash payments in certain circumstances (such as the early termination of the hedging instrument caused by an event of default or other early termination event, or the decision by a counterparty to request margin securities it is contractually owed under the terms of the hedging instrument). The amount due would be equal to the unrealized loss of the open swap positions with the respective counterparty and could also include other fees and charges. Such economic losses would be reflected in our results of operations, and our ability to fund these obligations would depend on the liquidity of our assets and access to capital at the time, and the need to fund these obligations could adversely impact our financial condition.
Hedging may adversely affect our earnings, which could reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We pursue various hedging strategies to seek to reduce our exposure to adverse changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates. Our hedging activity varies in scope based on the level and volatility of interest rates, currency exchange rates, the type of assets held and other changing market conditions. Hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things:
•
interest rate and/or currency hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates;
•
available interest rate hedges may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought;
•
due to a credit loss, the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability;
•
the amount of income that a REIT may earn from hedging transactions (other than hedging transactions that satisfy certain requirements of the Internal Revenue Code or that are done through a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”)) to offset interest rate losses is limited by U.S. federal tax provisions governing REITs;
•
the credit quality of the hedging counterparty owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
•the hedging counterparty owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay.
Our hedging transactions, which are intended to limit losses, may actually adversely affect our earnings, which could reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
In addition, the enforceability of agreements underlying hedging transactions may depend on compliance with applicable statutory and commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international requirements. Any actions taken by regulators could constrain our investment strategy and could increase our costs, either of which could materially and adversely impact our results of operations.
The business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in its default. Default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force us to cover our commitments, if any, at the then current market price. Although generally we seek to reserve the right to terminate our hedging positions, it may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the consent of the hedging counterparty and we may not be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk. We cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration, which could result in losses.
 
We may enter into derivative contracts that expose us to contingent liabilities and those contingent liabilities may not appear on our balance sheet. We may invest in synthetic securities, credit default swaps, and other credit derivatives, which expose us to additional risks.
We have entered and may again in the future enter into derivative contracts that could require us to make cash payments in certain circumstances. Potential payment obligations would be contingent liabilities and may not appear on our balance

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sheet. Our ability to satisfy these contingent liabilities depends on the liquidity of our assets and our access to capital and cash. The need to fund these contingent liabilities could adversely impact our financial condition.
We may directly or through our equity investments, invest in synthetic securities, credit default swaps, and other credit derivatives that reference other real estate securities or indices. These investments may present risks in excess of those resulting from the referenced security or index. These investments are typically a contractual relationship with counterparties and not an acquisition of a referenced security or other asset. In these types of investments, we have no right to directly enforce compliance with the terms of the referenced security or other assets and we have no voting or other consensual rights of ownership with respect to the referenced security or other assets. In the event of insolvency of a counterparty, we will be treated as a general creditor of the counterparty and will have no claim of title with respect to the referenced security.
The markets for these types of investments have, in some cases, only existed for a few years and may not be liquid. Many of these investments incorporate “pay as you go” credit events which have been introduced into the market fairly recently. For example, the terms of credit default swaps are still evolving and may change significantly, which could make it more difficult to assign such an instrument or determine the “loss” pursuant to the underlying agreement. In a credit default swap, the party wishing to “buy” protection will pay a premium. When interest rates change, the spreads change, or the prevailing credit premiums on credit default swaps change, the amount of the termination payment due could change by a substantial amount. In an illiquid market, the determination of this change could be difficult to ascertain and, as a result, we may not achieve the desired benefit of entering into this contractual relationship. To date, we have entered into a limited number of these agreements. We may over time increase our exposure to these types of investments as the market for them grows and during times when acquiring other real estate loans and securities may be difficult. We may find credit default swaps and other forms of synthetic securities to be a more efficient method of providing credit-enhancement on specific pools of real estate loans. Our efforts to manage the risk associated with these investments, including counterparty risks may prove to be insufficient in enabling us to generate the returns anticipated.
Risks Related to Our Company
Maintaining 1940 Act exclusions for our subsidiaries imposes limits on our operations. Failure to maintain an exclusion could have a material negative impact on our operations.
We conduct our operations so that neither we, nor our operating partnership, IAS Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”) nor the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership are required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act.
Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. We believe neither we nor our Operating Partnership will be considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act because neither we nor our Operating Partnership will engage primarily or hold ourselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, through our Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, we and our Operating Partnership will be primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries, namely the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring real property, mortgages and other interests in real estate.
Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the 1940 Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. Excluded from the term “investment securities,” among other things, are U.S. government securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act.
We are a holding company that conducts its businesses through the Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries. Both we and the Operating Partnership conduct our operations so that we comply with the 40% test. Accordingly, the securities issued by these subsidiaries that are excepted from the definition of "investment company" under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act, together with any other investment securities the Operating Partnership may own, may not have a value in excess of 40% of the value of the Operating Partnership's total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Compliance with the 40% test limits the types of businesses in which we are permitted to engage through our subsidiaries. Furthermore, IAS Asset I LLC and certain of the Operating Partnership’s other subsidiaries that we may form in the future intend to rely upon an exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exception generally requires that at least 55% of a subsidiary’s portfolio must be comprised of qualifying assets and at least 80% of its portfolio must be comprised of qualifying assets and real estate-related assets (and no more than 20% comprised of

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miscellaneous assets). In analyzing a subsidiary's compliance with Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, we classify investments based in large measure on SEC staff guidance, including no-action letters, and, in the absence of SEC guidance, on our view of what constitutes a qualifying real estate asset and a real estate-related asset.
Qualification for exception from the definition of investment company under the 1940 Act will limit our ability to make certain investments, such as investments in agency partial pool certificates, which are considered real estate-related assets. Therefore, IAS Asset I LLC and the Operating Partnership’s other subsidiaries may need to adjust their respective assets and strategy from time-to-time in order to continue to rely on the exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act. Any such adjustment in assets or strategy is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business or strategy. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this exception from the definition of investment company for IAS Asset I LLC and the Operating Partnership’s other subsidiaries intending to rely on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act.
We may in the future organize one or more subsidiaries that seek to rely on other exceptions from being deemed an investment company under the 1940 Act, such as the exception provided to certain structured financing vehicles by Rule 3a-7. Any such subsidiary would need to be structured to comply with any guidance that may be issued by the SEC staff on the restrictions contained in Rule 3a-7 or any other exception on which we seek to rely.
There can be no assurance that the laws and regulations governing the 1940 Act status of REITs, including the SEC staff providing more specific or different guidance regarding these exemptions, will not change in a manner that adversely affects our operations or inhibits our ability to pursue our strategies. If we, the Operating Partnership or its subsidiaries fail to maintain an exception or exemption from the 1940 Act, we could, among other things, be required to (a) change the investments that we hold or the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company, (b) effect sales of our assets in a manner that, or at a time when, we would not otherwise choose to do so, or (c) register as an investment company, any of which could negatively affect the value of our capital stock, the sustainability of our business model, and our ability to make distributions which could have an adverse effect on our business and the market price for our shares of capital stock. In addition, if it were established that we were an unregistered investment company, there would be a risk that we would be subject to monetary penalties or injunctive relief imposed by the SEC.
We may be adversely affected by the current and future economic, regulatory and other actions of government bodies and their agencies.
In response to the financial crisis of 2008, the U.S. government, Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury, Securities and Exchange Commission and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken a number of economic actions and regulatory initiatives designed to stabilize and stimulate the economy and the financial markets, and additional actions and initiatives may occur in the future. These actions may include the development and implementation of programs that could result in a flattening in the yield curve and lower long-term interest rates, among other potential impacts. Lower long-term interest rates could result in increased prepayment rates and a narrowing of our net interest margin.
In addition, foreign financial markets have experienced significant volatility related to events such as the European debt crisis, declining currencies in certain emerging markets and governments’ and central banks' responses. Such responses have included the implementation of various financial reforms including but not limited to development of the Basel III standards by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
There can be no assurance that, in the long term, actions the government and regulatory bodies or central banks have taken in the past or may take in the future will improve the efficiency and stability of mortgage or financial markets. To the extent the financial markets do not respond favorably to any of these actions or such actions do not function as intended, our business may be harmed. In addition, because the programs are designed, in part, to improve the markets for certain of our target assets, the establishment of these programs may result in increased competition for attractive opportunities in our target assets or, in the case of government-backed refinancing and modification programs, may have the effect of reducing the revenues associated with certain of our target assets. We cannot predict whether or when additional actions or initiatives to stabilize and stimulate the economy and the financial markets may occur, and such actions could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may change any of our strategies, policies or procedures without stockholder consent.
We may change any of our strategies, policies or procedures with respect to investments, acquisitions, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and distributions at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in an investment portfolio with a different risk profile. A change in our investment strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations. Furthermore, a change in our asset allocation could result in our making investments in asset categories different from those described in this Report. These changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our capital stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

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We are highly dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect the market price of our capital stock and our ability to pay dividends.
Our business is highly dependent on third parties’ information systems, including our Manager and other service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems or cyber-attacks or security breaches could cause delays or other problems in our securities trading activities and financial, accounting and other data processing activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and negatively affect the market price of our capital stock and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. In addition, we also face the risk of operational failure, termination or capacity constraints of any of the third parties with which we do business or that facilitate our business activities, including clearing agents or other financial intermediaries we use to facilitate our securities transactions.
Computer malware, viruses and computer hacking and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry and may occur on our Manager's and other service providers' systems in the future. We rely heavily on our and our third party providers’ financial, accounting and other data processing systems. It is difficult to determine what, if any, negative impact may directly result from any specific interruption or cyber-attacks or security breaches of such networks or systems or any failure to maintain the performance, reliability and security of our technical infrastructure. As a result, any computer malware, viruses and computer hacking and phishing attacks may negatively affect our operations.
Risks Related to Accounting
Reclassification of mortgage-backed securities financed with repurchase agreements may adversely affect our operations and our reported profitability.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board's (“FASB”) guidance regarding transactions that involve the acquisition of securities from a counterparty and the subsequent financing of these securities through repurchase agreements with the same counterparty allows for financial statement presentation on a gross basis, if certain criteria are met. If we fail to meet the criteria under guidance to account for the transactions on a gross basis, our accounting treatment would not affect the economics of these transactions, but would affect how these transactions are reported on our financial statements. Although we would not expect this change in presentation to have a material impact on our net income, it could have an adverse impact on our operations. It could have an impact on our ability to include certain securities purchased and simultaneously financed from the same counterparty as qualifying real estate interests or real estate-related assets used to qualify under the exemption to not have to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. It could also limit our investment opportunities as we may need to limit our purchases of securities that are simultaneously financed with the same counterparty.
We have discontinued hedge accounting for interest rate swap agreements which may result in volatility in our U.S. GAAP earnings.
We enter into derivative transactions to reduce the impact that changes in interest rates will have on our net interest margin. Effective December 31, 2013, we discontinued hedge accounting for our interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. All of our interest rate swaps had previously been accounted for as cash flow hedges. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements are now recorded in the Company's consolidated statement of operations as "gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net" and may result in volatility in our U.S. GAAP earnings. The total changes in fair value may exceed our consolidated net income in any period or for a full year. Volatility in our net income may adversely affect the price of our capital stock.
The preparation of our financial statements involves use of estimates, judgments and assumptions, and our financial statements may be materially affected if our estimates prove to be inaccurate.
Financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP require the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Different estimates, judgments and assumptions reasonably could be used that would have a material effect on the financial statements, and changes in these estimates, judgments and assumptions are likely to occur from period to period in the future. Significant areas of accounting requiring the application of management’s judgment include, but are not limited to, determining the fair value of investment securities and reserves for loan losses. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are inherently uncertain, and, if they prove to be wrong, then we face the risk that charges to income will be required. Any such charges could significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and the price of our securities. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies” for a discussion of the accounting estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are the most critical to an understanding of our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our reported U.S. GAAP financial results differ from our REIT taxable income that impact our dividend distribution requirements and, therefore, our U.S. GAAP results may not be an accurate indicator of future taxable income and dividend distributions.
Generally, the cumulative net income we report over the life of an asset will be the same for U.S. GAAP and tax purposes, although the timing of this income recognition over the life of the asset could be materially different.  Differences exist in the accounting for U.S. GAAP net income and REIT taxable income which can lead to significant variances in the amount and timing of when income and losses are recognized under these two measures.  Due to these differences, our reported U.S. GAAP financial results could materially differ from our determination of taxable income, which impacts our dividend distribution requirements. Therefore, our U.S. GAAP results may not be an accurate indicator of future REIT taxable income and dividend distributions. Capital gains and losses in a period may impact REIT taxable income and impact the dividend paid in future periods.
Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager
We are dependent on our Manager and its key personnel for our success.
We have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on our Manager. We do not have any employees. Our executive officers are employees of our Manager or one of its affiliates. Our Manager has significant discretion as to the implementation of our investment and operating policies and strategies. Accordingly, we believe that our success depends to a significant extent upon the efforts, experience, diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the executive officers and key personnel of our Manager. The executive officers and key personnel of our Manager evaluate, negotiate, close and monitor our investments; therefore, our success depends on their continued service. The departure of any of the executive officers or key personnel of our Manager who provide management services to us could have a material adverse effect on our performance. In addition, we offer no assurance that our Manager will remain our investment manager or that we will continue to have access to our Manager’s principals and professionals. The initial term of our management agreement with our Manager expired on July 1, 2011. The agreement automatically renews for successive one-year terms, and the management agreement is currently in a renewal term. If the management agreement is terminated and no suitable replacement is found to manage us, we may not be able to execute our business plan. Moreover, our Manager is not obligated to dedicate certain of its personnel exclusively to us nor is it obligated to dedicate any specific portion of its time to our business.
There are conflicts of interest in our relationship with our Manager and Invesco, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with Invesco and our Manager. Specifically, each of our officers and certain members of our board of directors are employees of our Manager or one of its affiliates. Our Manager and our executive officers may have conflicts between their duties to us and their duties to, and interests in, Invesco. We compete for investment opportunities directly with other clients of our Manager or Invesco and its subsidiaries. A substantial number of separate accounts managed by our Manager have limited exposure to our target assets. In addition, in the future our Manager may have additional clients that compete directly with us for investment opportunities. Our Manager has investment allocation policies in place intended to enable us to share equitably with the other clients of our Manager or Invesco and its subsidiaries. There is no assurance that our Manager’s allocation policies that address some of the conflicts relating to our access to investment and financing sources will be adequate to address all of the conflicts that may arise. Therefore, we may compete for investment or financing opportunities sourced by our Manager and, as a result, we may either not be presented with the opportunity or have to compete with other clients of our Manager or clients of Invesco and its subsidiaries to acquire these investments or have access to these sources of financing. Our Manager and our executive officers may choose to allocate favorable investments to other clients of Invesco instead of to us. Further, when there are turbulent conditions in the mortgage markets, distress in the credit markets or other times when we will need focused support and assistance from our Manager, Invesco or entities for which our Manager also acts as an investment manager will likewise require greater focus and attention, placing our Manager’s resources in high demand. In such situations, we may not receive the level of support and assistance that we may receive if we were internally managed or if our Manager did not act as a manager for other entities.
We pay our Manager substantial management fees regardless of the performance of our portfolio. Our Manager’s entitlement to a management fee, which is not based upon performance metrics or goals, might reduce its incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio. This in turn could hurt both our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our capital stock.
Our Manager would have a conflict in recommending our participation in any equity investment it manages.
Our Manager has a conflict of interest in recommending our participation in any equity investment it manages because the fees payable to it may be greater than the fees payable by us under the management agreement. With respect to equity investments we have made in partnerships managed by an affiliate of our Manager, our Manager has agreed to waive fees at the

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equity investment level to avoid duplication. To address any potential conflict of interest, we require the terms of any equity investment managed by our Manager to be approved by our audit committee consisting of our independent directors. However, there can be no assurance that all conflicts of interest will be eliminated.
The management agreement with our Manager was not negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party and may be costly and difficult to terminate.
Our executive officers and certain members of our board of directors are employees of our Manager or one of its affiliates. Our management agreement with our Manager was negotiated between related parties and its terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
Termination of the management agreement with our Manager without cause is difficult and costly. Our independent directors review our Manager’s performance and the management fees annually and the management agreement may be terminated annually upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors based upon: (1) our Manager’s unsatisfactory performance that is materially detrimental to us, or (2) a determination that the management fees payable to our Manager are not fair, subject to our Manager’s right to prevent termination based on unfair fees by accepting a reduction of management fees agreed to by at least two-thirds of our independent directors. Our Manager will be provided 180 days prior notice of any such termination. Additionally, upon such a termination, the management agreement provides that we will pay our Manager a termination fee equal to three times the sum of the average annual management fee received by our Manager during the prior 24-month period before such termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter. These provisions may increase the cost of terminating the management agreement and adversely affect our ability to terminate our Manager without cause. If the management agreement is terminated and no suitable replacement is found to manage us, we may not be able to execute our business plan.
Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager does not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder and is not responsible for any action of our board of directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. Our Manager maintains a contractual, as opposed to a fiduciary, relationship with us. Under the terms of the management agreement, our Manager, its officers, stockholders, members, managers, partners, directors and personnel, any person controlling or controlled by our Manager and any person providing sub-advisory services to our Manager will not be liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, our stockholders or any subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except because of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the management agreement, as determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. We have agreed to indemnify our Manager, its officers, stockholders, members, managers, directors and personnel, any person controlling or controlled by our Manager and any person providing sub-advisory services to our Manager with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our Manager not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties, performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement.
Our board of directors approved very broad investment guidelines for our Manager and does not approve each investment and financing decision made by our Manager.
Our Manager is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines. Our board of directors will periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio but does not, and is not required to, review all of our proposed investments, except that an investment in a security structured or issued by an entity managed by Invesco must be approved by a majority of our independent directors prior to such investment. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, our board of directors may rely primarily on information provided to them by our Manager. Furthermore, our Manager may use complex strategies, and transactions entered into by our Manager may be costly, difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by our board of directors. Our Manager has great latitude within the broad parameters of our investment guidelines in determining the types and amounts of Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, CMBS, mortgage loans and mortgage and real-estate financing arrangements (including mezzanine debt and private equity interests) it may decide are attractive investments for us, which could result in investment returns that are substantially below expectations or that result in losses, which would materially and adversely affect our business operations and results.
Risks Related to Our Capital Stock
The market price and trading volume of our capital stock may be volatile.
The market price of our capital stock may be highly volatile and be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our capital stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our capital stock declines significantly, our stockholders may be unable to resell their shares at or above the price our stockholders paid for their shares. We cannot assure you that the market price of our capital stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.

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Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our capital stock include:
•actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results or distributions;
•
changes in our earnings estimates or publication of research reports about us or the real estate or specialty finance industry;
•
decreases in the market valuations of our target assets;
•
increased difficulty in maintaining or obtaining financing on attractive terms, or at all;
•
increases in market interest rates that lead our stockholders to demand a higher yield;
•
changes in market valuations of similar companies;
•
adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur in the future;
•
additions or departures of key management personnel;
•
actions by institutional stockholders;
•
speculation in the press or investment community; 
•
general market and economic conditions; and
•
changes to U.S. federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITS or the administrative interpretation of those laws.
Common stock eligible for future sale may have adverse effects on our share price.
We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of our common stock, or the availability of shares for future sales, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock or the perception that such sales could occur may adversely affect the prevailing market price for our common stock. Also, we may issue additional shares in public offerings or private placements to make new investments or for other purposes. We are not required to offer any such shares to existing stockholders on a preemptive basis. Therefore, it may not be possible for existing stockholders to participate in such future share issuances, which may dilute existing stockholders’ interests in us.
We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and we cannot assure our stockholders of our ability to pay distributions in the future.
We pay quarterly distributions and make other distributions to our stockholders in an amount such that we distribute all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments. We have not established a minimum distribution payment level and our ability to pay distributions may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this Report. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, debt covenants, maintenance of our REIT qualification, applicable provisions of Maryland law and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We believe that a change in any one of the following factors could adversely affect our results of operations and impair our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders:
•our ability to make profitable investments;
•margin calls or other expenses that reduce our cash flow;
•defaults in our asset portfolio or decreases in the value of our portfolio; and
•the fact that anticipated operating expense levels may not prove accurate, as actual results may vary from estimates.
We cannot assure our stockholders that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return in capital.
Investing in our capital stock may involve a high degree of risk.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment objectives may result in a high amount of risk when compared to alternative investment options and volatility or loss of principal. Our investments may be highly speculative and aggressive, and therefore an investment in our capital stock may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.
A change in market interest rates may cause a material decrease in the market price of our capital stock.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of our capital stock is our distribution rate as a percentage of our share price relative to market interest rates. If the market price of our capital stock is based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and income with respect to our investments and our related distributions to stockholders, and not from the market value of the investments themselves, then interest rate

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fluctuations and capital market conditions are likely to adversely affect the market price of our capital stock. For instance, if market rates rise without an increase in our distribution rate, the market price of our capital stock could decrease as potential investors may require a higher distribution yield or seek other securities paying higher distributions or interest.
Future offerings of debt or equity securities, which would rank senior to our common stock, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We have issued Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and 5.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2018. If we decide to issue debt or equity securities in the future, which would rank senior to our common stock, it is likely that they will be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. For example, preferred shares and debt have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend or interest payments that could limit our ability to make a distribution to the holders of our common stock. We and, indirectly, our stockholders, will bear the cost of issuing and servicing such securities. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings.
Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Thus holders of our common stock will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting the value of their stock holdings in us. Holders of our common stock also bear the risk of holders of our exchangeable notes making an election to exchange their notes for common stock, which could result in significant dilution to our existing stockholders. In addition, future issuances and sales of preferred stock on parity to our Series A Preferred Stock or the Series B Preferred Stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales could occur, may also cause prevailing market prices for the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and our common stock to decline and may adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital in the financial markets at times and prices favorable to us.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), may have the effect of deterring a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common stock. Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of our then outstanding voting capital stock or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of our then outstanding voting capital stock) or an affiliate thereof are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between us and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of our voting capital stock; and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting capital stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if our common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. These provisions of the MGCL also do not apply to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has by resolution exempted business combinations between us and any other person, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of directors (including a majority of our directors who are not affiliates or associates of such person).
The “control share” provisions of the MGCL provide that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding votes entitled to be cast by the acquiror of control shares, our officers and our employees who are also our directors. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

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The “unsolicited takeover” provisions of the MGCL permit our board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement takeover defenses, some of which (for example, a classified board) we do not yet have. These provisions may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price. Our charter contains a provision whereby we have elected to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our board of directors.
Ownership limitations may restrict change of control of business combination opportunities in which our stockholders might receive a premium for their shares.
In order for us to qualify as a REIT, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals during the last half of any calendar year. “Individuals” for this purpose include natural persons, private foundations, some employee benefit plans and trusts, and some charitable trusts. To preserve our REIT qualification, among other purposes, our charter generally prohibits any person from directly or indirectly owning more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our capital stock or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock. This ownership limitation could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction in which holders of our common stock might receive a premium for their shares over the then prevailing market price or which holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interests.
Our authorized but unissued shares of capital stock may prevent a change in our control.
Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase the aggregate number of our shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue and classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common or preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of directors may establish a series of shares of common or preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our shares of common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
The change of control conversion feature of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and our Exchangeable Senior Notes may make it more difficult for a party to acquire us or discourage a party from acquiring us.
The change of control conversion feature of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and our Exchangeable Senior Notes may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing certain of our change of control transactions under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common stock, Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price of such stock or that stockholders may otherwise believe is in their best interests.
We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership and could become liable for the debts and other obligations of our Operating Partnership beyond the amount of our initial expenditure.
We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership and directly or indirectly conduct all of our business activities through the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. As the sole general partner, we are liable for our Operating Partnership’s debts and other obligations. Therefore, if our Operating Partnership is unable to pay its debts and other obligations, we will be liable for such debts and other obligations beyond the amount of our expenditure for ownership interests in our Operating Partnership. These obligations could include unforeseen contingent liabilities and could materially adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our Exchangeable Senior Notes are recourse obligations to us.
In 2013, our Operating Partnership issued $400,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2018 (the “Notes”). Because the Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, these amounts are full recourse obligations of the Company. If we are not able to extend, refinance or repurchase the Notes, we may not have the ability to repay these amounts when they come due. Our inability to repay the Notes could cause the acceleration of our other borrowings, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
The indenture governing the Notes contains cross-default provisions whereby a default or acceleration of borrowings under other agreements could result in a default under the indenture. If a cross-default occurred, we may not be able to pay our liabilities or access capital from external sources in order to refinance our borrowings. If some or all of our borrowings default and it causes a default under other borrowings, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

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Tax Risks
Investment in our capital stock has various U.S. federal income tax risks.
This summary of certain tax risks is limited to the U.S. federal tax risks addressed below. Additional risks or issues may exist that are not addressed in this Report and that could affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of us or our stockholders.
We strongly urge you to seek advice based on your particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor concerning the effects of U.S. federal, state and local income tax law on an investment in our capital stock and on your individual tax situation.
Our failure to qualify as a REIT would subject us to U.S. federal income tax and potentially increased state and local taxes, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We believe that we have been organized and operated and we intend to continue to operate in a manner that enables us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which only a limited number of judicial and administrative interpretations exist. Even an inadvertent or technical mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Our continued qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis.
Moreover, new legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. Thus, while we intend to operate so that we will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given that we will so qualify for any particular year.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income, and distributions to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in determining our taxable income. In such a case, we might need to borrow money or sell assets in order to pay our taxes. Our payment of income tax would decrease the amount of our income available for distribution to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we no longer would be required to distribute substantially all of our taxable income to our stockholders. In addition, unless we were eligible for certain statutory relief provisions, we could not re-elect to qualify as a REIT until the fifth calendar year following the year in which we failed to qualify.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive investment opportunities or financing or hedging strategies.
To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy various tests regarding the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. To meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make or financing or hedging strategies we might otherwise employ. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our investment performance.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we generally must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter at least 75% of the value of our total assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualifying real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and MBS. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities, securities of our TRSs and qualifying real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities of any one issuer (other than government securities, securities of our TRSs and qualifying real estate assets), and no more than 25% of the value of our total securities can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of such calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and may require us to incur debt, sell assets or take other actions to make such distributions.
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each calendar year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (including certain items of non-cash income), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy the 90% distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable

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income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to make sufficient distributions to our stockholders to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid both corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax.
Our taxable income may be substantially different from our net income as determined by U.S. GAAP, because, for example, realized capital losses will be deducted in determining our U.S. GAAP net income, but may not be deductible in computing our taxable income. In addition, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. For example, we may invest in debt instruments requiring us to accrue original issue discount (“OID”) or recognize market discount income that generate taxable income in excess of economic income or in advance of the corresponding cash flow referred to as “phantom income.” We may also acquire distressed debt investments that are subsequently modified by agreement with the borrower. If amendments to the outstanding debt are “significant modifications” under applicable Treasury Regulations, the modified debt may be considered to have been reissued to us in a debt-for-debt exchange with the borrower, with gain recognized by us to the extent that the principal amount of the modified debt exceeds our cost of purchasing it prior to modification. Finally, we may be required under the terms of the indebtedness that we incur, whether to private lenders or pursuant to government programs, to use cash received from interest payments to make principal payment on that indebtedness, with the effect that we will recognize income but will not have a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
As a result of the foregoing, we may find it difficult or impossible to meet the REIT distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In such circumstances, we may be required to (1) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (2) borrow on unfavorable terms, (3) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt, or (4) make a taxable distribution of our shares of common stock as part of a distribution in which stockholders may elect to receive shares of common stock or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Thus, compliance with the REIT distribution requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
We may choose to pay dividends in our own stock, in which case our stockholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends received.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and in shares of our common stock at the election of each stockholder. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend in income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock.
Our ownership of and relationship with any TRS that we may form or acquire is subject to limitations, and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our REIT qualification and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs at the end of any calendar quarter. A TRS will pay federal, state and local income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the TRS rules impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s length basis. There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the TRS limitations or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed above.
Our domestic TRSs would pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income, and its after-tax net income would be available for distribution to us but would not be required to be distributed to us. If we were to organize a TRS as a non-U.S. corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes), we may generate income inclusions relating to the earnings of the non-U.S. TRS, the treatment of which under the REIT gross income tests is not clear.
Liquidation of our assets to repay obligations to our lenders may jeopardize our REIT qualification.
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT.

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Characterization of the repurchase agreements we enter into to finance our investments as sales for tax purposes rather than as secured borrowing transactions, or the failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset, could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We may enter into repurchase agreements with a variety of counterparties to finance assets in which we invest. When we enter into a repurchase agreement, we generally sell assets to our counterparty to the agreement and receive cash from the counterparty. The counterparty is obligated to resell the assets back to us at the end of the term of the transaction. We believe that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be treated as the owner of the assets that are the subject of repurchase agreements and that the repurchase agreements will be treated as secured borrowing transactions notwithstanding that such agreements may transfer record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the term of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS could successfully assert that we did not own these assets during the term of the repurchase agreements, in which case we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
In addition, we may acquire mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in a partnership or limited liability company that directly or indirectly owns real property. In Revenue Procedure 2003-65, the IRS provided a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and interest derived from the mezzanine loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We acquire or originate mezzanine loans that do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor. The IRS could challenge such loan’s treatment as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests, and if such a challenge were sustained, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
The “taxable mortgage pool” rules may limit our financing options.
Certain securitizations and other financing structures could result in the creation of taxable mortgage pools for federal income tax purposes. A taxable mortgage pool owned by our Operating Partnership would be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may cause us to fail the REIT asset tests. Accordingly, if we were to consider a securitization that would create a taxable mortgage pool, we would have to undertake such securitization through a TRS or a subsidiary that qualified as a REIT. These rules may limit our financing options.
The tax on prohibited transactions will limit our ability to engage in transactions, including certain methods of securitizing mortgage loans, which would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, but including mortgage loans, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We might be subject to this tax if we were to dispose of or securitize loans in a manner that was treated as a sale of the loans for federal income tax purposes. Therefore, in order to avoid the prohibited transactions tax, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of loans at the REIT level and may limit the structures we utilize for our securitization transactions, even though the sales or such structures might otherwise be beneficial to us.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively.
The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code limit our ability to enter into hedging transactions. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests annually. For these purposes, income with respect to certain hedges of our liabilities or foreign currency risks will be disregarded. Income from other hedges will be non-qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests. As a result, we might have to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear.
Purchases of mortgages at a discount may affect our ability to satisfy the REIT asset and gross income tests.
Whether our loan holdings are treated as real estate assets and interest income thereon is treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test depends on whether the loans are adequately secured by real property. Treasury regulations, as interpreted in Revenue Procedure 2014-51, provide that if a mortgage loan is secured by both real property and personal property and the value of the real property at the time the REIT commits to make or acquire the loan is less than the highest principal amount (i.e., the face amount) of the loan during the year, interest on the loan will be treated as qualifying income only in proportion to the ratio of the value of the real property at the time the REIT commits to make or acquire the loan to the highest principal amount of the loan during the year. Similarly, the IRS issued guidance for determining the extent to which an interest in an “eligible REMIC” (relating to the HARP program) is treated as a real estate asset and generates qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Failure to accurately apply these rules and manage our income and assets could cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.

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Our qualification as a REIT could be jeopardized as a result of our interest in joint ventures or investment funds.
We currently own, and may continue to acquire, interests in partnerships or limited liability companies that are joint ventures or investment funds. We may not have timely access to information from such partnerships and limited liability companies related to monitoring and managing our REIT qualification. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest but do not control takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our REIT qualification or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. It is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a REIT gross income or asset test and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT “savings” provision , which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.
We may be required to report taxable income for certain investments in excess of the economic income we ultimately realize from them.
We acquire debt instruments in the secondary market for less than their face amount. The discount at which such debt instruments are acquired may reflect doubts about their ultimate collectibility rather than current market interest rates. The amount of such discount will nevertheless generally be treated as “market discount” for federal income tax purposes. Accrued market discount is reported as income when, and to the extent that, any payment of principal of the debt instrument is made. If we collect less on the debt instrument than our purchase price plus the market discount we had previously reported as income, we may not be able to benefit from any offsetting loss deductions.
Some of the debt instruments that we acquire may have been issued with original issue discount. We will be required to report such original issue discount based on a constant yield method and will be taxed based on the assumption that all future projected payments due on such debt instruments will be made. If such debt instruments or MBS turn out not to be fully collectible, an offsetting loss deduction will become available only in the later year that uncollectibility is provable.
In addition, we may acquire debt instruments that are subsequently modified by agreement with the borrower. If the amendments to the outstanding instrument are "significant modifications" under the applicable Treasury regulations, the modified instrument will be considered to have been reissued to us in a debt-for-debt exchange with the borrower. In that event, we may be required to recognize taxable gain to the extent the principal amount of the modified instrument exceeds our adjusted tax basis in the unmodified instrument, even if the value of the instrument or the payment expectations have not changed. Following such a taxable modification, we would hold the modified loan with a cost basis equal to its principal amount for federal tax purposes.
Finally, in the event that any debt instruments acquired by us are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or in the event payments with respect to a particular instrument are not made when due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income as it accrues, despite doubt as to its ultimate collectibility. Similarly, we may be required to accrue interest income with respect to debt instruments at its stated rate regardless of whether corresponding cash payments are received or are ultimately collectible. In each case, while we would in general ultimately have an offsetting loss deduction available to us when such interest was determined to be uncollectible, the utility of that deduction could depend on our having taxable income in that later year or thereafter.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, and state or local income, franchise, property and transfer taxes, including mortgage-related taxes.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market price of our capital stock.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective. Any such law, regulation or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation.
Dividends paid by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates that apply to other corporate dividends.
The maximum tax rate for “qualified dividends” paid by corporations to individuals is currently 20%. Dividends paid by REITs, however, generally are not “qualified dividends” and generally are taxed at the normal ordinary income rates, currently subject to a maximum rate of 39.6% in the case of non-corporate taxpayers. The more favorable rates applicable to qualified dividends could cause potential investors who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive

30

than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay qualified dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our capital stock.
Dividends paid by REITs may be subject to Unearned Income Medicare tax.
High-income U.S. individuals, estates, and trusts will be subject to an additional 3.8% tax on net investment income. For these purposes, net investment income includes dividends and gains from sales of stock. In the case of an individual, the tax will be 3.8% of the lesser of the individuals’ net investment income or the excess of the individuals’ modified adjusted gross income over $250,000 in the case of a married individual filing a joint return or a surviving spouse, $125,000 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return, or $200,000 in the case of a single individual.
Tax-exempt stockholders may realize unrelated business taxable income if we generate excess inclusion income.
If we acquire REMIC residual interests or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (in a manner consistent with our REIT qualification) and generate “excess inclusion income,” a portion of our dividends received by a tax-exempt stockholder will be treated as unrelated business taxable income.
Changing the nature of our assets may complicate our ability to satisfy the REIT gross income and asset tests.
We have large holdings of RMBS that are qualifying assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests and generate interest income that is qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. The REIT asset tests do not require that all assets be qualifying assets, nor do the REIT gross income tests require that all income be qualifying income. Our substantial RMBS holdings have given us room to make investments that may not qualify, all or in part, as real estate assets or that may generate income that may not qualify, all or in part, under one or both of the gross income tests. Reductions in our RMBS holdings would reduce our room for non-qualifying assets and income. In addition, we may make investments in which the proper application of the REIT gross income and assets tests may not be clear. Mistakes in classifying assets or income for REIT purposes or in projecting the amount of qualifying and non-qualifying income could cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
Our qualification as a REIT may depend upon the accuracy of legal opinions or advice rendered or given or statements by the issuers of assets we acquire.
When purchasing securities, we may rely on opinions or advice of counsel for the issuer of such securities, or statements made in related offering documents, for purposes of determining, among other things, whether such securities represent debt or equity securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the value of such securities, and also to what extent those securities constitute qualified real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests and produce qualified income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. The inaccuracy of any such opinions, advice or statements may adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT and result in significant corporate-level tax.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2. Properties.
Our principal executive office is located at 1555 Peachtree Street, NE, Suite 1800, Atlanta, Georgia 30309. As part of our management agreement, our Manager is responsible for providing office space and office services required in rendering services to us.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2014, we were not involved in any such legal proceedings.
Item 4. Mine and Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

31

PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “IVR.” The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale price of our common stock as reported on the NYSE.
 
High
 
Low
2014
Fourth quarter
$
16.66

 
$
15.19

Third quarter
$
17.64

 
$
15.72

Second quarter
$
18.00

 
$
16.36

First quarter
$
17.46

 
$
14.64

2013
Fourth quarter
$
16.60

 
$
14.41

Third quarter
$
17.08

 
$
14.40

Second quarter
$
21.60

 
$
16.38

First quarter
$
22.26

 
$
20.06

Holders
As of February 18, 2015, there were 114 stockholders of record.
Dividends
U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates on its undistributed taxable income. We intend to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service obligations. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions, or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.
The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of our common stock for the periods indicated.
Date Declared
Dividends Declared Per Share
 
Amount
 
Date Paid
2014
 
 
 
December 16, 2014
$
0.45

 
January 27, 2015
September 15, 2014
$
0.50

 
October 28, 2014
June 16, 2014
$
0.50

 
July 28, 2014
March 18, 2014
$
0.50

 
April 28, 2014
2013
 
 
 
December 17, 2013
$
0.50

 
January 28, 2014
September 16, 2013
$
0.50

 
October 28, 2013
June 17, 2013
$
0.65

 
July 26, 2013
March 19, 2013
$
0.65

 
April 26, 2013


32

The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of our common stock and the related tax characterization for the fiscal tax years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
 
 
 
 
Tax Characterization of Dividends
Fiscal Tax Year
 
Dividends Declared
 
Ordinary Dividends
 
Capital Gain Distribution
 
Carry Forward
Common Stock Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal tax year 2014
 
1.950000

 
1.776691

 
—

 
0.173309

Fiscal tax year 2013
 
2.300000

 
2.300000

 
—

 
—

Performance Graph
The following graph matches the cumulative 5-year total return of holders of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.'s common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index and the FTSE NAREIT Mortgage REITs index. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock and in each of the indices (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on December 31, 2009 and tracks it through December 31, 2014.
 

Index
12/31/2009
12/31/2010
12/31/2011
12/31/2012
12/31/2013
12/31/2014
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
100.00
112.38
86.68
139.10
118.34
140.26
S&P 500
100.00
115.06
117.49
136.30
180.44
205.14
FTSE NAREIT Mortgage REITs
100.00
122.60
119.63
143.43
140.62
165.76
The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

33

Use of Proceeds
We used all of the net proceeds from our common and preferred stock offerings to acquire our target assets in accordance with our objectives and strategies described in Item 1, Business - Investment Strategy. We focus on purchasing our target assets, subject to our investment guidelines and to the extent consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification. Our Manager determines the percentage of our equity that will be invested in each of our target assets.
Repurchases of Equity Securities
In December 2011, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program of up to 7,000,000 of our common shares with no stated expiration date. In December 2013, our board of directors approved an additional share repurchase of up to 20,000,000 of our common shares with no stated expiration date. As of December 31, 2014, there were 14,841,784 common shares available for repurchase. No shares of common stock were purchased during the quarter ended December 31, 2014. The shares may be repurchased from time to time through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under Exchange Act or by any combination of such methods. The manner, price, number and timing of share repurchases will be subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and applicable SEC rules.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The selected historical financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010 presented in the tables below have been derived from our audited financial statements. The information presented below is not necessarily indicative of the trends in our performance.
The information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical financial statements, including the related notes. You should read the information below in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this Report.
Balance Sheet Data
 
As of December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value
17,248,895

 
17,348,657

 
18,470,563

 
14,214,149

 
5,578,333

Residential loans, held-for-investment
3,365,003

(1) 
1,810,262

(1) 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial loans, held-for-investment
145,756

 
64,599

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total assets
21,231,017

(1) 
20,350,979

(1) 
18,914,760

 
14,772,167

 
5,862,399

Repurchase agreements
13,622,677

 
15,451,675

 
15,720,460

 
12,253,038

 
4,344,659

Secured loans
1,250,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
2,929,820

(1) 
1,643,741

(1) 
—

 
—

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
400,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total stockholders’ equity
2,610,315

 
2,376,115

 
2,558,098

 
1,892,338

 
1,019,150

Non-controlling interest
28,535

 
27,120

 
31,422

 
25,075

 
31,664

Total equity
2,638,850

 
2,403,235

 
2,589,520

 
1,917,413

 
1,050,814

(1)
Our consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle obligations and liabilities of the VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to us. As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, total assets of the consolidated VIEs were $3,380,597 and $1,819,295, respectively, and total liabilities of the consolidated VIEs were $2,938,512 and $1,648,400, respectively. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" of our consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

34

Statements of Operations Data
 
For the Years ended December 31,
$ in thousands, except share amounts
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Interest income
693,938

 
682,360

 
566,830

 
453,352

 
134,229

Interest expense
281,895

 
332,252

 
237,405

 
155,241

 
29,556

Net interest income
412,043

 
350,108

 
329,425

 
298,111

 
104,673

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(142
)
 
884

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
412,185

 
349,224

 
329,425

 
298,111

 
104,673

Other income (loss)
(561,065
)
 
(152,974
)
 
54,267

 
18,804

 
11,145

Expenses
52,866

 
53,144

 
39,684

 
30,118

 
12,093

Net income (loss)
(201,746
)
 
143,106

 
344,008

 
286,797

 
103,725

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
(2,301
)
 
1,486

 
4,123

 
4,882

 
5,326

Net income (loss) attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(199,445
)
 
141,620

 
339,885

 
281,915

 
98,399

Dividends to preferred stockholders
17,378

 
10,851

 
5,395

 
—

 
—

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
(216,823
)
 
130,769

 
334,490

 
281,915

 
98,399

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

 
3.27

 
3.78

Diluted
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

 
3.27

 
3.78

Dividends declared per common share
1.95

 
2.30

 
2.60

 
3.42

 
3.49

Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
123,104,934

 
132,714,012

 
115,558,668

 
86,364,506

 
26,038,628

Diluted
124,529,934

 
134,173,691

 
117,012,500

 
87,804,292

 
27,468,177


Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements, which are included in the Part IV, Item 15 of this Report.

Overview
We are a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and mortgage loans. We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc., our Manager, which is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain our REIT qualification, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders annually. We operate our business in a manner that permits our exclusion from the definition of “Investment Company” under the 1940 Act.
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. To achieve this objective, we primarily invest in the following:
•
Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) (collectively "Agency RMBS");

35

•
RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency ("non-Agency RMBS");
•
Credit risk transfer securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");
•
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); 
•
Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and
•
Other real estate-related financing arrangements.
We generally finance our investments through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements and secured loans. We finance our residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities ("ABS") issued by consolidated securitization trusts. We have also financed investments through the issuance of debt and equity and may utilize other forms of financing in the future.
Capital Activities
In September 2014, we completed a public offering of 6,200,000 shares of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series B Preferred Stock") at the price of $25.00 per share. Total proceeds were $149.9 million, net of issuance costs of $5.1 million.
On November 4, 2014, we declared a dividend of $0.5705 per share of Series B Preferred Stock. The dividend was paid on December 29, 2014 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 5, 2014.
On December 16, 2014, we declared the following dividends:
•
a dividend of $0.45 per share of common stock to be paid on January 27, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 29, 2014;
•
a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series A Preferred Stock to be paid on January 26, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on January 1, 2015; and
•
a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series B Preferred Stock to be paid on March 27, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 5, 2015.
During the three months ended December 31, 2014, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased 1,438,213 shares of our common stock at an average repurchase price of $14.69 per share for a net cost of $21.1 million, including acquisition expenses. 
Factors Impacting Our Operating Results
Our operating results can be affected by a number of factors and primarily depend on the level of our net interest income and the market value of our assets. The market value of our assets can be impacted by asset spreads and the supply of, and demand for, target assets in which we invest. Our net interest income, which includes the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts, varies primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates and prepayment speeds, as measured by the constant prepayment rate (“CPR”) on our target assets. Interest rates and prepayment speeds vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty.
Market Conditions
Macroeconomic factors that affect our business include credit spread premiums, market interest rates, Federal Reserve policy initiatives, residential and commercial real estate prices, employment conditions and inflation. After a modest increase in implied interest rate volatility early in the fourth quarter, volatility declined to end the quarter approximately unchanged and significantly lower than at the end of 2013. The yield curve continued to flatten as short maturity interest rates moved modestly higher and long-term rates moved meaningfully lower for both the fourth quarter and for the year.
Domestic economic conditions continue to improve. The November 2014 payroll report released in early December 2014 saw an increase of 321,000 jobs which is the highest of 2014, and the unemployment rate was 5.8% versus 6.7% at the end of 2013. The low interest rate environment, coupled with declining energy prices, should be supportive for U.S. economic growth as policy rates are much lower than that which would be historically indicated by unemployment and inflation indicators alone. Households are once again increasing their debt levels, albeit at a modest rate, which increases their ability to consume goods and services. Inflation data continues to indicate smaller increases than the Federal Reserve's 2% inflation target, with core personal consumption expenditures prices having increased 1.4% year-over-year through November 2014.
Despite apparent improvement in the domestic economy as described above, longer term U.S. Treasury interest rates fell in the fourth quarter of 2014. Global concerns seem to lead the list of factors that can explain the drop in market yields quarter-

36

and year-to-date; namely weaker growth prospects and growing deflationary risks in Europe, declining growth in China, and growing concern over the economies of countries reliant on commodity exports and tensions in the Middle East. Five year government bond yields in some European countries are now negative, which should support the U.S. bond market, keeping yields low. The 10-year U.S. Treasury note yield generally fell throughout 2014 having started slightly above 3% and ending under 2.2%. The interest rate environment has been supportive for the Agency RMBS market despite lower interest rates as the prepayment option embedded in MBS is less onerous given low interest rate volatility. Further, MBS investors are much less concerned over the market impact from Federal Reserve tapering of MBS purchases since that program ended with little noticeable impact. There has been adequate demand from investors and limited supply of new MBS to offset the decline in demand from the Federal Reserve. Agency RMBS outperformed similar term U.S. Treasury notes during 2014 and performed in line for the fourth quarter. With respect to credit assets, CMBS and non-Agency RMBS spreads over comparable term interest rate swaps narrowed over the year but were little changed in the fourth quarter of 2014. Spreads in GSE CRTs issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac widened over the second half of the year after tightening markedly during the first half of 2014. This spread widening had a negative impact on the value of our holdings in that sector but had only a modestly negative impact on our book value because they represent a small fraction of our assets. Wider spreads offered us the opportunity to reinvest portfolio cash flows at attractive levels.
We have reduced the interest rate sensitivity of our investment portfolio, resulting in greater book value stability, but we remain subject to volatility from credit spreads. It is possible that we may realize losses on the sale of assets in future periods and these losses may cause our GAAP earnings to be negative. In addition, as of December 31, 2013 we elected to discontinue hedge accounting for our portfolio of interest rate swaps. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations, rather than in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). This change will cause our net income to be more volatile in future periods and could contribute to us recording a net loss in future periods. Refer to Note 8 - "Derivatives and Hedging Activities" of our consolidated financial statements for further information.
The impact of regulatory initiatives on the economy may also affect our business and our financial results. The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in July 2010, contains numerous provisions affecting the financial and mortgage industries, many of which may have an impact on our operating environment and the target assets in which we invest. Consequently, the Dodd-Frank Act may affect our cost of doing business, may limit our investment opportunities and may affect the competitive balance within our industry and market areas. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, new underwriting requirements for residential mortgage loans have been adopted. The Ability-to-Repay (“ATR”) rule requires lenders to make a reasonable, good-faith determination that the borrower has a reasonable ability to repay the loan, upon its terms. In addition to the ATR rule, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau adopted a Qualified Mortgage (“QM”) framework that provides certain legal protections to lenders related to residential mortgage loans that meet the QM criteria, which include restrictions on loan features, points and fees and borrower debt-to-income ratios. While we are not directly subject to compliance with the implementation of rules regarding the origination of residential mortgage loans, the impact of these regulations and others could affect our ability to securitize or invest in newly originated loans in the future.
There have been a number of pending legislative proposals related to the potential wind down or phaseout of the GSEs. In the second quarter of 2014 there was a bi-partisan effort in the U.S. Senate to bring about mortgage finance reform via the Johnson-Crapo bill. The bill did not receive enough votes in Committee to get to the floor for a vote. At this point it seems unlikely there will be material mortgage finance reform legislation in the near term. Moreover, meaningful resurrection of a fully functioning primary market for private label securitizations is unlikely to occur in the near term. We have been successful in participating in securitizations despite the environment, having consolidated in our financial statements five additional prime jumbo securitizations in 2014. We expect to close one additional prime jumbo securitization in the first quarter of 2015. The high credit quality of the loans underlying these securitizations is apparent via strong performance to date.
In addition, the regulatory landscape for our repurchase agreement counterparties continues to evolve following the adoption of new capital rules which generally affects the manner in which banks lend. Regulators are also focused on liquidity requirements which will likely impact how banks fund themselves. While we are not directly subject to compliance with the implementation of rules regarding financial institutions, the effect of these regulations and others could affect our ability to finance our assets in the future.
On September 2, 2014, the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA"), proposed to revise its regulations governing Federal Home Loan Bank membership to, among other things, exclude captive insurance companies. However, the proposed rules would permit existing captive insurers, such as our captive insurance company subsidiary IAS Services LLC, to remain members for a period of five years following the effective date of the final rules. In addition, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI") would be permitted to allow outstanding advances to IAS Services LLC that were made prior to the effective date of the final rules to honor contractual terms to maturity. Therefore, under the proposed rules, we do not expect there would be any impact to our existing FHLBI borrowings. The rules are subject to change prior to their final adoption. However, if the FHFA’s rules are adopted substantially as proposed, we do not expect that the rules would have a material effect on our sources or costs of funding or our results of operations.

37

Investment Activities
In 2014, we continued to position our investment portfolio to take advantage of compelling opportunities in both mortgage-backed securities and newly originated loans against a backdrop of improving housing and commercial real estate markets. During 2013 and 2014, we purchased subordinate interests in ten residential loan securitizations that are consolidated in our financial statements. We continue to invest in GSE CRT transactions issued by both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and hold securities with a fair value of $625.4 million as of December 31. 2014. In addition, we committed to purchase securities in one additional residential loan securitizations and anticipate this securitization will close in the first quarter of 2015. Since the inception of our commercial real estate lending program in 2013, we have invested in a first mortgage loan and six subordinated interests.
To provide economic stimulus, the Federal Reserve had been purchasing Agency RMBS through its QE program, which had the effect of holding mortgage interest rates at low levels. In 2014, the Federal Reserve ended new purchases under their QE program of U.S. Treasuries and Agency RMBS, but due to reinvestment of paydowns, they have continued buying a large percentage of issuance, which has also declined. The interest rate and credit spread premium environment and our views on how they will change have a significant impact on our portfolio decisions. We have continued to reduce our lower coupon 30 year Agency RMBS positions by nearly 29% from $6.7 billion at December 31, 2013 to $4.8 billion at December 31, 2014. We reinvested proceeds of sales and prepayments in part into agency hybrid ARM assets. We have also reduced our repurchase agreement debt from 5.8 times equity at December 31, 2013 to 5.4 times equity at December 31, 2014. In addition, we decreased the notional amount of our interest rate swaps from $12.8 billion at December 31, 2013 to $10.6 billion at December 31, 2014, or by 17.6%. As a result of all of these actions, we believe we have repositioned us to benefit from an improved residential and commercial real estate market and reduced our overall sensitivity to interest rates.
The table below shows the allocation of our equity as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:
$ in thousands
As of December 31,


2014
 
2013
Agency RMBS
36.4
 %
 
49.2
 %
Non-Agency RMBS
32.3
 %
 
35.6
 %
GSE CRT
6.7
 %
 
2.4
 %
CMBS
32.1
 %
 
24.4
 %
Residential Loans, Held-for-Investment
0.3
 %
 
0.3
 %
Commercial Loans, Held-for-Investment
5.6
 %
 
2.7
 %
Other
(13.4
)%
 
(14.6
)%
Total
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
We have reduced our overall sensitivity to interest rates by reducing the size of our Agency MBS portfolio. Within the remaining Agency MBS portfolio we have continued to hold certain 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS securities that offer higher coupons and which we expect to prepay relatively slowly based on their seasoning and collateral attributes. Our sales of 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS were primarily in 3% and 3.5% coupons or relatively newer vintage that have not experienced a high prepayment environment. Therefore, the average coupon of our 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS continued to increase to 4.29% at December 31, 2014, compared to 4.11% at December 31, 2013. In addition, we hold 15 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS securities, Agency Hybrid ARM RMBS and Agency ARM RMBS that we believe have lower durations and better cash flow certainty relative to current 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS. Further, we own Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), some of which are interest-only securities.

38

The table below shows the breakdown of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:
$ in thousands
As of December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
30 year fixed-rate, at fair value
4,790,293

 
6,702,153

15 year fixed-rate, at fair value
1,327,101

 
1,744,281

Hybrid ARM, at fair value
2,976,918

 
1,770,558

ARM, at fair value
546,782

 
253,282

Agency CMO, at fair value
450,895

 
474,514

Non-Agency RMBS, at fair value
3,061,647

 
3,607,328

GSE CRT, at fair value
625,424

 
167,981

CMBS, at fair value
3,469,835

 
2,628,560

Residential loans, at amortized cost
3,365,003

 
1,810,262

Commercial loans, at amortized cost
145,756

 
64,599

Total MBS and Loans portfolio
20,759,654

 
19,223,518

Our portfolio of investments that have credit exposure include non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT, CMBS and residential and commercial real estate loans. We use our proprietary models to perform a detailed review of each investment which often includes loan level analysis of expected performance. We do not place any reliance on ratings by various agencies as we believe our models more accurately evaluate the performance based on our assumptions about market conditions and are updated more frequently than agency ratings. As shown in the table above, we have increased our exposure to credit assets as we believe the improving economy will provide better risk-adjusted returns for this asset class while having lower interest rate exposure relative to Agency MBS.
With respect to our non-Agency RMBS portfolio, we primarily invest in RMBS collateralized by prime and Alt-A loans. In addition, we have invested in re-securitizations of real estate mortgage investment conduit ("Re-REMIC") RMBS and reperforming mortgage loans that we believe provide attractive risk adjusted returns. We also invest in GSE CRT. Based on our view of the improving housing market and relative value opportunities, we increased holdings in GSE CRT as paydowns from principal repayments and limited dispositions reduced our non-Agency RMBS holdings during 2014.
Our CMBS portfolio generally consists of assets originated before 2007, assets originated after 2010 (“CMBS 2.0”) and multi-family CMBS issued by Freddie Mac under their “K” program. Over the past twelve months we have primarily invested in CMBS 2.0. Since December 31, 2013, we grew our CMBS portfolio $841.3 million and grew the allocation of our CMBS holdings in our MBS portfolio to approximately 20.1% as of December 31, 2014 from approximately 15.2% as of December 31, 2013.
During 2013 and 2014, we expanded our portfolio of credit assets by adding subordinate securities backed by residential loans. The residential loans collateralizing these securities consist of prime jumbo mortgages that were generally originated in 2011 or later. We believe these loans have high credit quality based on their risk characteristics, including but not limited to high credit scores and low loan-to-value ratios based on current home values. For further details on the loan portfolio, refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" of our consolidated financial statements.
We also added commercial real estate loans during 2013 and 2014. Our commercial real estate loan portfolio includes a first mortgage loan and subordinate interests we purchased or originated. For further details on the loan portfolio, refer to Note 5 - "Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment" of our consolidated financial statements.


39

Portfolio Characteristics
The table below represents the vintage of our MBS credit assets as of December 31, 2014 as a percentage of the fair value:
 
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
2008
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
Total
Re-REMIC (1)
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
0.3
%
 
—
%
 
0.6
%
 
3.7
%
 
18.0
%
 
8.0
%
 
0.5
%
 
1.6
%
 
32.7
%
Prime
0.4
%
 
1.3
%
 
4.9
%
 
3.7
%
 
9.7
%
 
2.1
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
0.2
%
 
—
%
 
6.9
%
 
2.5
%
 
31.7
%
Alt-A
—
%
 
0.5
%
 
8.6
%
 
6.0
%
 
7.6
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
22.7
%
Subprime/reperforming
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.5
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
1.6
%
 
10.7
%
 
12.9
%
Total Non-Agency
0.4
%
 
1.8
%
 
13.5
%
 
9.8
%
 
18.1
%
 
2.1
%
 
0.6
%
 
3.7
%
 
18.2
%
 
8.0
%
 
9.0
%
 
14.8
%
 
100.0
%
GSE CRT
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
41.5
%
 
58.5
%
 
100.0
%
CMBS
—
%
 
—
%
 
8.8
%
 
9.8
%
 
0.6
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
7.5
%
 
21.6
%
 
11.8
%
 
13.3
%
 
26.6
%
 
100.0
%

(1)
For Re-REMICs, the table reflects the year in which the resecuritizations were issued. The vintage distribution of the securities that collateralize our Re-REMIC investments is 11.0% for 2005, 34.2% for 2006 and 54.3% for 2007, 0.2% for 2009 and 0.3% for 2010.
The tables below represent the geographic concentration of the underlying collateral for our MBS portfolio as of December 31, 2014:
Non-Agency RMBS
State
 
Percentage
 
GSE CRT
State
 
Percentage
 
CMBS
State
 
Percentage
California
 
42.7
%
 
California
 
23.1
%
 
California
 
15.9
%
Florida
 
7.1
%
 
Texas
 
5.4
%
 
New York
 
13.1
%
New York
 
6.7
%
 
Virginia
 
4.5
%
 
Texas
 
9.2
%
Virginia
 
3.8
%
 
Illinois
 
4.1
%
 
Florida
 
5.8
%
Maryland
 
3.6
%
 
New York
 
3.9
%
 
Illinois
 
4.8
%
New Jersey
 
3.6
%
 
Massachusetts
 
3.8
%
 
Pennsylvania
 
4.1
%
Washington
 
2.8
%
 
Colorado
 
3.4
%
 
New Jersey
 
3.3
%
Illinois
 
2.7
%
 
Florida
 
3.3
%
 
Ohio
 
3.0
%
Arizona
 
2.1
%
 
Washington
 
3.3
%
 
Virginia
 
2.7
%
Massachusetts
 
2.1
%
 
New Jersey
 
3.2
%
 
Maryland
 
2.5
%
Other
 
22.8
%
 
Other
 
42.0
%
 
Other
 
35.6
%
Total
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
100.0
%
 
Total
 
100.0
%
The following table summarizes residential loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2014 by year of origination.
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
Total
Portfolio Characteristics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Loans
622

 
2,746

 
716

 
99

 
27

 
7

 
18

 
18

 
4,253

Current Principal Balance
465,218

 
2,092,439

 
613,351

 
100,761

 
25,910

 
3,006

 
17,632

 
13,875

 
3,332,192

Net Weighted Average Coupon Rate
3.73
%
 
3.53
%
 
3.32
%
 
3.40
%
 
3.77
%
 
3.71
%
 
5.03
%
 
4.74
%
 
3.53
%
Weighted Average Maturity (years)
29.32

 
28.47

 
27.96

 
26.42

 
25.90

 
24.41

 
23.58

 
22.51

 
28.36

Current Performance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
463,704

 
2,089,570

 
612,369

 
100,761

 
25,910

 
3,006

 
17,632

 
13,875

 
3,326,827

30 Days Delinquent
1,514

 
2,869

 
982

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,365

60 Days Delinquent
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

90+ Days Delinquent
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Bankruptcy/Foreclosure
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
465,218

 
2,092,439

 
613,351

 
100,761

 
25,910

 
3,006

 
17,632

 
13,875

 
3,332,192


40

The following table summarizes the geographic concentrations of residential loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2014 based on principal balance outstanding.
State
Percent
California
53.2
%
New York
6.0
%
Massachusetts
4.9
%
Illinois
4.3
%
Maryland
3.0
%
Other states (none greater than 4%)
28.6
%
Total
100.0
%
Financing and Other Liabilities.
We enter into repurchase agreements to finance the majority of our target assets. These agreements are secured by our Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS. In addition, these agreements are generally settled on a short-term basis, usually ranging from one to twelve months, and bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to the London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”). At each settlement date, we refinance each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. As of December 31, 2014, we had entered into repurchase agreements totaling $13.6 billion (2013: $15.5 billion). The decrease in our repurchase agreement balance was due to a reallocation of our investment portfolio and replacing some of our repurchase borrowings with secured loans, as discussed below.
In March 2014, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, became a member of the FHLBI. As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC has borrowed funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured advances. As of December 31, 2014, IAS Services LLC had $1.25 billion in outstanding long-term secured advances and is approved for additional available uncommitted credit for borrowing of an amount up to $2.5 billion. Available uncommitted credit may be adjusted at the sole discretion of the FHLBI. For the year ended December 31, 2014, IAS Services LLC had average borrowings of $707.8 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.36%.
We have also committed to invest up to 124.2 million in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. As of December 31, 2014, $93.3 million of our commitment to these unconsolidated ventures has been called. We are committed to fund an additional $31.0 million in capital to cover future expenses should they occur.
We record a liability for mortgage-backed securities purchased, for which settlement has not taken place, as an investment related payable. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had investment related payables of $17.0 million, and $28.8 million, respectively, of which no items were outstanding greater than thirty days. The change in balance was due to a decrease in unsettled MBS purchases and unsettled repurchase borrowings as of December 31, 2014. We record a receivable for mortgage-backed securities sold for which settlement has not taken place as an investment related receivable. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had investment related receivables of $38.7 million and $515.4 million, respectively, of which no items were outstanding greater than thirty days. The change in balance was due to a decrease in unsettled sold MBS as of December 31, 2014.
Hedging Instruments. We generally hedge as much of our interest rate and foreign exchange risk as we deem prudent in light of market conditions. No assurance can be given that our hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Our investment policies do not contain specific requirements as to the percentages or amount of risk that we are required to hedge.
Hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things:
•
available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought;
•
the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability;
•
the party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay;
•
the credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
•
the value of derivatives used for hedging may be adjusted from time-to-time in accordance with accounting rules to reflect changes in fair value. Downward adjustments or mark-to-market losses would reduce our stockholders’ equity.

41

On December 31, 2013, we discontinued hedge accounting for our interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. No interest rate swaps were terminated in conjunction with this action, and our risk management and hedging practices are not impacted. However, our accounting for these transactions changed prospectively. All of our interest rate swaps had previously been accounted for as cash flow hedges under the applicable guidance. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations, rather than in AOCI. Also, net interest paid or received under the interest rate swaps, which up through December 31, 2013 was recognized in interest expense, repurchase agreements is recognized in gain (loss) on derivatives, net in our consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 8 - "Derivatives and Hedging Activities" of our consolidated financial statements for further information.
As of December 31, 2014, we have entered into interest rate swap agreements designed to mitigate the effects of increases in interest rates under a portion of our borrowings. These swap agreements provide for fixed interest rates indexed off of one-month LIBOR and effectively fix the floating interest rates on $10.6 billion (2013: $12.8 billion) of borrowings. As of December 31, 2014, included in this amount we had forward starting swaps with a total notional amount of $1.2 billion, with starting dates ranging from February 24, 2015 to February 5, 2016. The increase in the amount of interest rate swaps was due to our view of interest rate risk and the expected duration of our investment portfolio and liabilities.
As of December 31, 2014, we held $1.1 billion (2013: $1.2 billion) in interest rate swaptions as an asset with a fair value of $322,000 (2013: $2.4 million). During the year ended December 31, 2014, interest rate swaptions expired unexercised with a notional amount of approximately $1.2 billion (2013: $4.2 billion sold) and realized loss of $23.3 million (2013: $56.3 million gain). We purchase interest rate swaptions to reduce the impact that interest rate volatility has on our portfolio. The change in the notional amount of swaptions held was due to our views on the potential for change in volatility.
As of December 31, 2014, we held $127.4 million (2013: $100.0 million) in notional amount of short U.S. Treasury futures as an asset with fair value of $89,000 (2013: $2.6 million). During the year ended December 31, 2014, we sold U.S. Treasury futures contracts of $1.3 billion (2013: $100.0 million) in notional amount and realized a net loss of $11.5 million (2013: $2.4 million). We invest in U.S. Treasury futures to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio.
As of December 31, 2014, we held $198.0 million (2013: $0) in notional amount of to-be-announced securities ("TBA") as a liability with a fair value of $558,000 (2013: $0). During the year ended December 31, 2014, $3.1 billion (2013: $0) notional TBA were settled with realized net loss of $10.8 million (2013: $0). TBAs are contracts for which we agree to purchase or deliver in the future Agency RMBS with certain principal and interest terms. We purchase or sell certain TBAs to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio.
As of December 31, 2014, we held $35.7 million (2013: $0) in notional amount of currency forward contracts as an asset with a fair value of $599,000 (2013: $0). During the year ended December 31, 2014, we settled currency forward contracts of $67.7 million (2013: $0) in notional amount and realized a net gain of $2.2 million (2013: $0). We use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies.
Book Value per Share
Our book value per common share was $18.82, $17.97 and $20.83 as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, on a fully diluted basis, after giving effect to our units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, which may be converted to common shares at our sole election. The change in our book value in 2014 was primarily due to the change in valuation of our investment portfolio and our interest rate hedges that through December 31, 2013 were recorded in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our consolidated balance sheets and subsequently in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on our consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 4 – “Mortgage-Backed Securities” of our consolidated financial statements for the impact of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income on our investment portfolio. The values of our assets and liabilities change daily based on market conditions. Refer to Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for interest rate risk and its impact on fair value.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to an understanding of our financial statements because they involve significant judgments and uncertainties. All of these estimates reflect our best judgment about current, and for some estimates, future economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of these financial statements. If conditions change from those expected, it is possible that the judgments and estimates

42

described below could change, which may result in a change in valuation of our investment portfolio, future impairments of our MBS, change in our interest income recognition, allowance for loan losses, inclusion of the change in derivative values in our income rather than other comprehensive income and an increase in our tax liability among other effects.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. We record our MBS as available-for-sale and report them at fair value based on prices received from third-party sources. The valuation service uses various observable inputs which may change with market conditions. It is possible that changes in these inputs could change the valuation estimate and lead to impairment of our MBS portfolio. Further information is provided in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 4 - “Mortgage-Backed Securities."
Other-than-temporary Impairment. We regularly review our available-for-sale portfolio for other-than-temporary impairment. This determination involves both qualitative and quantitative data. It is possible that estimates may be incorrect, economic conditions may change or we may be forced to sell the investment before recovery of our amortized cost. Further information is provided in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 4 - “Mortgage-Backed Securities."
Residential and Commercial Loans. Residential loans held-for-investment are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any allowance for loan losses. Commercial loans held-for-investment are carried at cost net of any allowance for loan losses. An allowance for loan losses is established based on credit losses inherent in the portfolio. These estimates require consideration of various observable inputs including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, borrower credit scores, geographic concentrations and loan-to-value ratios, and are adjusted for current economic conditions as deemed necessary by management. In addition, since we have not incurred any direct losses on our portfolio, we use national historical credit performance information from a third party vendor to assist in our analysis. Changes in our estimates can significantly impact the allowance for loan losses and provision expense. It is also possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates or that the timing of those losses may differ from our estimates. Further information on the allowance for loan losses is provided in Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
Interest Income Recognition. Interest income on available-for-sale securities, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase price. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including the rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, management must use its judgment to estimate interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and interest income. Interest income from our residential loans is recognized on an accrual basis with the related premiums being amortized into interest income using the effective interest method over the weighted average life of these loans. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. Interest income from our commercial loans is recognized when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes past due based on the terms of the loan agreement.
Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments. We use derivatives to manage interest rate and currency exchange risk. The Company records all derivatives on its consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Effective December 31, 2013, the Company voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting for its interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's consolidated statement of operations, rather than in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Further information including information on our discontinued use of hedge accounting effective on December 31, 2013 is provided in Note 8 - “Derivatives and Hedging Activities.”
Income Taxes. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT. Accordingly, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal and applicable state and local corporate income tax to the extent that we make qualifying distributions and provided we satisfy on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, the REIT requirements including certain asset, income, distribution and stock ownership tests. The REIT qualifications rules are complex and failure to apply them correctly could subject us to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes.
Expected Impact of New Authoritative Guidance on Future Financial Information
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued updated guidance that changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. Under the new guidance, a discontinued operation is defined as a disposal of a component of an entity or group of components of an entity that is disposed of or is classified as held for sale and represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The guidance is

43

effective prospectively as of the first quarter of 2015, with early adoption permitted for new disposals or new classifications as held-for-sale. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014 and interim periods within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issue. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued guidance that changes the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and repurchase financing arrangements. The new guidance aligns the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and repurchase agreements executed as a repurchase financing with the accounting for other typical repurchase agreements. These transactions would all be accounted for as secured borrowings. The guidance eliminates sale accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and supersedes the guidance under which a transfer of a financial asset and a contemporaneous repurchase financing could be accounted for on a combined basis as a forward agreement, which has resulted in outcomes referred to as off-balance-sheet accounting. In addition, the guidance requires additional disclosures. The guidance is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2014. Earlier application for a public company is prohibited. Certain disclosures under this guidance do not take effect until the first period beginning after March 15, 2015. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance that provides a measurement alternative for an entity that consolidates a collateralized financing entity ("CFE") and has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and financial liabilities of such CFE. If the CFE has elected the fair value option, the reporting entity would measure both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CFE by using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities. The guidance will require certain recurring disclosures and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. We have not elected the fair value option for reporting the financial assets and financial liabilities of the CFEs that we consolidate as of December 31, 2014. Accordingly, the new guidance is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2015, the FASB issued guidance to simplify income statement presentation by eliminating the concept of extraordinary items. U.S. GAAP currently requires that a company separately classify, disclose and present extraordinary events and transactions. The guidance eliminates the concept of extraordinary items from U.S. GAAP. The existing requirement to separately present items that are of an unusual nature or occur infrequently on a pre-tax basis within income from continuing operations has been retained. The new guidance also requires similar separate presentation of items that are both unusual and infrequent. The standard is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, but only as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Upon adoption, a reporting entity may elect prospective or retrospective application. If adopted prospectively, both the nature and amount of any subsequent adjustments to previously reported extraordinary items must be disclosed. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.


44

Results of Operations
The table below presents certain information from our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
Years Ended December 31,
In thousands except share amounts
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
596,357

 
646,787

 
566,830

Residential loans
88,073

 
34,122

 
—

Commercial loans
9,508

 
1,451

 
—

Total interest income
693,938

 
682,360

 
566,830

Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
188,699

 
287,547

 
237,405

Secured loans
2,576

 
—

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
22,461

 
18,023

 
—

Asset-backed securities
68,159

 
26,682

 
—

Total interest expense
281,895

 
332,252

 
237,405

Net interest income
412,043

 
350,108

 
329,425

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(142
)
 
884

 
—

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
412,185

 
349,224

 
329,425

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
(79,430
)
 
(199,449
)
 
48,215

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
6,786

 
5,345

 
7,169

Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
(487,469
)
 
40,003

 
(4,232
)
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
1,093

 
1,127

 
3,115

Other investment income (loss), net
(2,045
)
 
—

 
—

Total other income (loss)
(561,065
)
 
(152,974
)
 
54,267

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Management fee — related party
37,599

 
42,639

 
35,658

General and administrative
15,267

 
10,505

 
4,026

Total expenses
52,866

 
53,144

 
39,684

Net income (loss)
(201,746
)
 
143,106

 
344,008

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
(2,301
)
 
1,486

 
4,123

Net income (loss) attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(199,445
)
 
141,620

 
339,885

Dividends to preferred stockholders
17,378

 
10,851

 
5,395

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
(216,823
)
 
130,769

 
334,490

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

Diluted
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
123,104,934

 
132,714,012

 
115,558,668

Diluted
124,529,934

 
134,173,691

 
117,012,500

 
Net Income Summary
For the year ended December 31, 2014, our net loss attributable to common stockholders was $216.8 million (2013: $130.8 million income; 2012: $334.5 million income), or $1.76 (2013: $0.99 income; 2012: $2.89 income) basic and diluted net loss per average share available to common stockholders.

45

The change in net loss attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2014 versus net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2013 is primarily attributable to the de-designation of interest rate swaps and realized and unrealized losses on derivative contracts.
As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations, rather than in AOCI. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized unrealized losses for the change in fair value of our interest rates swaps of $223.9 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation previously recognized in other comprehensive income of $85.2 million.
The increase to net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2013 versus 2012 is primarily attributable to the sale of MBS at a loss during 2013. During 2013, interest rates on mortgage loans increased resulting in a decline in the value of certain MBS we owned. In response to the changing interest rate environment, we sold certain MBS realizing a net loss of $199.4 million and invested the proceeds in other target assets.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We are presenting the following non-GAAP financial measures: core earnings (and by calculation, core earnings per share), effective interest expense (and by calculation, effective cost of funds), effective net interest income (and by calculation, effective interest rate margin) and repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio. Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in our internal analysis of results and believes these measures are useful to investors for the reasons explained below. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures are net income attributable to common stockholders (and by calculation, basic earnings (loss) per common share), total interest expense (and by calculation, cost of funds), net interest income (and by calculation, net interest rate margin) and total debt-to-equity ratio. 
These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as substitutes for any measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. An analysis of any non-GAAP financial measure should be made in conjunction with results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Additional reconciling items may be added in the future to these non-GAAP measures if deemed appropriate.
Core Earnings
We calculate core earnings as U.S. GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders adjusted for gain (loss) on sale of investments, net; realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net (excluding contractual net interest on interest rate swaps); unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net; gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions; amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation; and an adjustment attributable to non-controlling interest.
We believe the presentation of core earnings allows investors to evaluate and compare our performance to that of our peers because core earnings measures investment portfolio performance over multiple reporting periods by removing realized and unrealized gains and losses. We record changes in the valuation of our mortgage-backed securities in other comprehensive income on our consolidated balance sheets. Through December 31, 2013, we also recorded changes in the valuation of our interest rate swaps in other comprehensive income. Effective December 31, 2013, we voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statement of operations, along with the change in fair value of our other derivative instruments.
However, we caution that core earnings should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP), or as an indication of our cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or as an indication of amounts available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.

46

The table below provides a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders to core earnings for the following periods:
Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders to Core Earnings 
 
Years Ended December 31,
$ in thousands, except per share data
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
(216,823
)
 
130,769

 
334,490

Adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
(Gain) loss on sale of investments, net
79,430

 
199,449

 
(48,215
)
Realized loss (gain) on derivative instruments (excluding contractual net interest on interest rate swaps of $199,783, $0, and $0, respectively)
72,187

 
(53,926
)
 
—

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
215,499

 
13,923

 
4,232

Loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions, net
2,746

 
—

 
—

Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation
85,176

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
455,038

 
159,446

 
(43,983
)
Adjustment attributable to non-controlling interest
(5,198
)
 
(1,740
)
 
535

Core earnings
233,017

 
288,475

 
291,042

Basic earnings (loss) per common share
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

Core earnings per share attributable to common stockholders
1.89

 
2.17

 
2.52


Effective Interest Expense / Effective Cost of Funds / Effective Net Interest Income / Effective Interest Rate Margin
We calculate effective interest expense (and by calculation, effective cost of funds) as U.S. GAAP total interest expense adjusted for the net interest paid on our interest rate swaps and amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation. We calculate effective net interest income (and by calculation, effective interest rate margin) as U.S. GAAP net interest income adjusted for the net interest paid on our interest rate swaps and amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation that is being amortized into interest expense over the remaining lives of the swaps. Although we elected to discontinue hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps as of January 1, 2014, such derivative instruments are viewed by us as an economic hedge against increases in future market interest rates on our liabilities.
We believe the presentation of effective interest expense, effective costs of funds, effective net interest income and effective interest rate margin measures, when considered together with U.S. GAAP financial measures, provide information that is useful to investors in understanding our borrowing costs, and investment performance.
The following table reconciles total interest expense to effective interest expense and cost of funds to effective cost of funds for the following periods:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
$ in thousands
Reconciliation
 
Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds
 
Reconciliation
 
Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds
 
Reconciliation
 
Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds
Total interest expense
281,895

 
1.61
 %
 
332,252

 
1.84
%
 
237,405

 
1.68
%
Less: Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation
(85,176
)
 
(0.48
)%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
Add: Net interest paid - interest rate swaps
199,783

 
1.14
 %
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
Effective interest expense
396,502

 
2.27
 %
 
332,252

 
1.84
%
 
237,405

 
1.68
%


47

The following table reconciles net interest income to effective net interest income and net interest rate margin to effective interest rate margin for the following periods:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
$ in thousands
Reconciliation
 
Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin
 
Reconciliation
 
Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin
 
Reconciliation
 
Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin
Net interest income
412,043

 
1.89
 %
 
350,108

 
1.48
%
 
329,425

 
1.79
%
Add: Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation
85,176

 
0.48
 %
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—
%
Less: Net interest paid - interest rate swaps
(199,783
)
 
(1.14
)%
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—
%
Effective net interest income
297,436

 
1.23
 %
 
350,108

 
1.48
%
 
329,425

 
1.79
%

Repurchase Agreement Debt-to-Equity Ratio
The tables below show the allocation of our equity to our targeted assets, our total debt-to-equity ratio, and our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The mortgage REIT industry primarily uses repurchase agreements, which typically mature within one year, to finance investments. Improving our balance sheet by diversifying our liabilities away from repurchase agreements has been a focus of management over the past two years. Since we began using other longer-term means of financing our investments, such as our exchangeable senior notes, asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts, and secured loans, we have reduced our reliance on repurchase agreements. We believe presenting our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure of leverage, when considered together with U.S. GAAP financial measures, provides information that is useful to investors in understanding the Company's refinancing risks, and gives investors a comparable statistic to other mortgage REITS who almost exclusively borrow using repurchase agreements which are short-term and subject to refinancing risk.


48

December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Agency
Non-Agency (6)
GSE CRT(6)
CMBS (7)
Comm-
ercial Loans (7)
Consol-
idated
VIEs (4)(6)
Other (7)
Elimin-
ations (5)
Total
Investments
10,091,989

3,494,181

625,424

3,469,835

145,756

3,365,003

43,998

(432,534
)
20,803,652

Cash and cash
equivalents (1)
64,603

41,578

10,154

47,809

—

—

—

—

164,144

Derivative assets, at fair value (2)
23,183

396

—

—

599

—

—

—

24,178

Other assets
111,817

13,742

15,639

75,209

1,030

15,591

7,888

(1,873
)
239,043

Total assets
10,291,592

3,549,897

651,217

3,592,853

147,385

3,380,594

51,886

(434,407
)
21,231,017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
9,018,818

2,676,626

468,782

1,458,451

—

—

—

—

13,622,677

Secured loans (3)
—

—

—

1,250,000

—

—

—

—

1,250,000

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
—

—

—

—

—

3,362,354

—

(432,534
)
2,929,820

Exchangeable senior notes
—

—

—

—

—

—

400,000

—

400,000

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
254,026

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

254,026

Other liabilities
56,894

21,351

5,233

37,589

—

10,563

5,887

(1,873
)
135,644

Total liabilities
9,329,738

2,697,977

474,015

2,746,040

—

3,372,917

405,887

(434,407
)
18,592,167

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocated equity
961,854

851,920

177,202

846,813

147,385

7,677

(354,001
)
—

2,638,850

Less equity associated with secured loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral pledged


—

—

(1,550,270
)
—

—

—

—

(1,550,270
)
Secured loans


—

—

1,250,000

—

—

—

—

1,250,000

Net equity (excluding secured loans)
961,854

851,920

177,202

546,543

NA

NA

NA

—

2,537,519

Total debt-to-equity ratio
9.4

3.1

2.6

3.2

—

NA

NA

NA

6.9

Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio
9.4

3.1

2.6

2.7

NA

NA

NA

NA

5.4

(1)
Cash and cash equivalents is allocated based on a percentage of equity for Agency, Non-Agency, GSE CRT and CMBS.
(2)
Derivative assets are allocated based on the hedging strategy for each asset class.
(3)
Secured loans are allocated based on amount of collateral pledged.
(4)
Represents VIE assets and liabilities before intercompany eliminations. VIEs are securitized entities with no substantive equity at risk.
(5)
Represents our ownership of asset-backed securities and accrued interest eliminated upon consolidation.
(6)
Non-Agency, GSE CRT and Consolidated VIEs are considered residential credit.
(7)
CMBS, Commercial Loans and Investments in unconsolidated ventures of $44.0 million (which are included in Other), are considered commercial credit.


49

December 31, 2013
$ in thousands
Agency
Non-Agency (5)
GSE CRT (5)
CMBS (6)
Comm-
ercial Loans (6)
Consol-
idated
VIEs (3)(5)
Other (6)
Elimin-
ations (4)
Total
Investments
10,944,787

3,770,130

167,981

2,628,560

64,599

1,810,262

44,403

(162,801
)
19,267,921

Cash and cash
equivalents (1)
96,957

62,669

4,658

46,328

—

—

—

—

210,612

Derivative assets, at fair value (2)
258,814

3,245

—

—

 
—

—

—

262,059

Other assets
556,982

21,533

200

12,922

356

9,033

10,349

(988
)
610,387

Total assets
11,857,540

3,857,577

172,839

2,687,810

64,955

1,819,295

54,752

(163,789
)
20,350,979

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
10,281,154

2,974,998

113,066

2,082,457

—

—

—

—

15,451,675

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
—

—

—

—

—

1,806,542

—

(162,801
)
1,643,741

Exchangeable senior notes
—

—

—

—

—

—

400,000

—

400,000

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
263,204

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

263,204

Other liabilities
131,206

26,887

1,745

18,807

—

5,579

5,888

(988
)
189,124

Total liabilities
10,675,564

3,001,885

114,811

2,101,264

—

1,812,121

405,888

(163,789
)
17,947,744

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocated equity
1,181,976

855,692

58,028

586,546

64,955

7,174

(351,136
)
—

2,403,235

Net equity (excluding secured loans)
1,181,976

855,692

58,028

586,546

NA

NA

NA

—

2,682,242

Total debt-to-equity ratio
8.7

3.5

1.9

3.6

—

 NA

 NA

 NA

7.3

Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio
8.7

3.5

1.9

3.6

 NA

 NA

 NA

 NA

5.8

(1)
Cash and cash equivalents is allocated based on a percentage of equity for Agency, Non-Agency, GSE CRT and CMBS.
(2)
Derivative assets are allocated based on the hedging strategy for each asset class.
(3)
Represents VIE assets and liabilities before intercompany eliminations. VIEs are securitized entities with no substantive equity at risk.
(4)
Represents our ownership of asset-backed securities and accrued interest eliminated upon consolidation.
(5)
Non-Agency, GSE CRT and Consolidated VIEs are considered residential credit.
(6)
CMBS, Commercial Loans and Investments in unconsolidated ventures of $44.4 million (which are included in Other), are considered commercial credit.

50

Interest Income and Average Earning Asset Yield
The table below presents certain information for our portfolio as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. 
 
As of and for the Years Ended
 
December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Average Balances*:
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate, at amortized cost
1,450,316

 
1,897,780

 
2,302,218

30 year fixed-rate, at amortized cost
5,723,270

 
10,217,822

 
8,395,560

ARM, at amortized cost
475,401

 
122,225

 
150,377

Hybrid ARM, at amortized cost
2,452,062

 
758,625

 
1,028,432

MBS-CMO, at amortized cost
476,636

 
496,607

 
465,469

Non-Agency RMBS, at amortized cost
3,245,701

 
3,593,337

 
2,524,635

GSE CRT, at amortized cost
478,921

 
9,435

 
—

CMBS, at amortized cost
2,947,733

 
2,412,694

 
1,461,359

Residential loans, at amortized cost
2,473,258

 
1,006,374

 
—

Commercial loans, at amortized cost
109,551

 
14,858

 
—

Average MBS and Loans portfolio
19,832,849

 
20,529,757

 
16,328,050

Average Portfolio Yields (1):
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
2.66
%
 
2.32
%
 
2.54
%
30 year fixed-rate
3.05
%
 
2.88
%
 
3.12
%
ARM
2.30
%
 
2.35
%
 
2.51
%
Hybrid ARM
2.28
%
 
2.18
%
 
2.60
%
MBS - CMO
3.56
%
 
2.26
%
 
2.02
%
Non-Agency RMBS
4.54
%
 
4.59
%
 
5.16
%
GSE CRT
4.12
%
 
5.80
%
 
—
%
CMBS
4.47
%
 
4.64
%
 
5.22
%
Residential loans
3.57
%
 
3.30
%
 
n/a

Commercial loans
8.56
%
 
9.77
%
 
n/a

Average MBS and Loans portfolio
3.50
%
 
3.32
%
 
3.47
%
*
 Average amounts for each period are based on weighted month-end balances.

(1)
Average portfolio yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by our average of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.
Our primary source of income is interest earned on our investment portfolio. We had average earning assets of approximately $19.8 billion (2013: $20.5 billion; 2012: $16.3 billion) and earned interest income of $693.9 million (2013: $682.4 million; 2012: $566.8 million) during 2014. The yield on our average investment portfolio was 3.50% (2013: 3.32%; 2012: 3.47%).
The change in our average assets and the portfolio yield for 2014 versus 2013 was primarily attributable to the change in our portfolio reallocation to lower leveraged assets. The change in our average assets and the portfolio yield for 2013 versus 2012 was primarily attributable to investing capital from our equity and debt offerings and by changing our portfolio composition. We continue to evaluate our investment portfolio and make adjustments based on our views of the market opportunities.
Our interest income is subject to interest rate risk. Refer to Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for more information relating to interest rate risk and its impact on our operating results.

51

The constant prepayment rate ("CPR") of our portfolio impacts the amount of premium and discount on the purchase of securities that is recognized into income. The table below shows the three month CPR for our RMBS compared to bonds with similar characteristics (“Cohorts”):
 
December 31, 2014
 
September 30, 2014
 
Company
 
Cohort
 
Company
 
Cohort
15 year Agency RMBS
11.9

 
15.0

 
12.9

 
14.8

30 year Agency RMBS
11.8

 
13.5

 
12.0

 
12.8

Agency Hybrid ARM RMBS
14.3

 
NA

 
13.0

 
NA

Non-Agency RMBS
10.7

 
NA

 
11.9

 
NA

GSE CRT
7.7

 
NA

 
8.2

 
NA

Weighted average CPR
12.0

 
NA

 
12.1

 
NA

Interest Expense and the Cost of Funds
The table below presents certain information related to our financing as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
As of and for the Years Ended
 
December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Average Borrowings*:
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS (1)
9,444,028

 
12,107,119

 
11,161,176

Non-Agency RMBS
2,821,132

 
2,847,536

 
1,902,754

GSE CRT
351,900

 
6,887

 
—

CMBS (1)
2,305,970

 
1,900,365

 
1,108,438

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
321,111

 
—

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
2,178,362

 
916,786

 
—

Total borrowed funds
17,501,392

 
18,099,804

 
14,172,368

Maximum borrowings during the period (2)
18,202,497

 
19,710,901

 
16,227,024

Average Cost of Funds (3):
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS (1)
0.34
%
 
0.40
%
 
0.39
%
Non-Agency RMBS
1.54
%
 
1.60
%
 
1.76
%
GSE CRT
1.52
%
 
1.50
%
 
n/a

CMBS (1)
1.11
%
 
1.45
%
 
1.55
%
Exchangeable senior notes
5.62
%
 
5.61
%
 
n/a

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
3.13
%
 
2.91
%
 
n/a

Unhedged cost of funds (4)
1.13
%
 
0.92
%
 
0.67
%
Hedged / Effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure)
2.27
%
 
1.84
%
 
1.68
%
*
 Average amounts for each period are based on weighted month-end balances.

(1)
Agency RMBS and CMBS average borrowing and cost of funds include borrowings under repurchase agreements and secured loans.
(2)
Amount represents the maximum borrowings at month-end during each of the respective periods.
(3)
Average cost of funds is calculated by dividing annualized interest expense by our average borrowings.
(4)
Excludes amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation.
Through December 31, 2013, interest expense includes borrowing costs under repurchase agreements, exchangeable senior notes, and asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts, as well as any hedging costs. Beginning January 1, 2014, we de-designated our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. As a result of de-designating, net interest paid or received under our interest rate swaps previously recorded in interest expense on our consolidated statements of operations is now included in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net. In addition, unrealized swap losses previously included in other comprehensive income are prospectively amortized into interest expense over the remaining term of the interest rate swap, as

52

long as the forecasted transactions that were being hedged are still expected to occur. No reclassifications or adjustments were made to interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 as a result of the de-designation.
Our largest expense is interest expense on borrowed funds. For 2014, we had average borrowed funds of $17.5 billion (2013: $18.1 billion; 2012: $14.2 billion) and total interest expense of $281.9 million (2013: $332.3 million; 2012: $237.4 million). We compute our effective interest expense (non-GAAP measure) and effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) by including the net interest component related to our interest rate swaps and excluding the amortization of the deferred swap losses from de-designation from our interest expense. Effective interest expense (non-GAAP measure) was $396.5 million (2013: $332.3 million; 2012: $237.4 million) for 2014.
The change in average borrowed funds and interest expense for 2014 versus 2013 was primarily the result of a decrease in our average repurchase agreement borrowings for agency RMBS offset by an increase in average borrowings for asset-backed securities. We finance our residential loans-held-for-investment through ABS issued by consolidated securitization trusts. The number of consolidated securitization trusts increased from five at December 31, 2013 to ten at December 31, 2014.
The increase in average borrowed funds and interest expense for 2013 versus 2012 was primarily the result of increasing the size of our investment portfolio, hedging costs from additional interest rate swaps, the issuance of our exchangeable senior notes and costs attributed to ABS.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, our cost of funds was 1.61% (2013: 1.84%; 2012: 1.68%). For the year ended December 31, 2014, our effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) was 2.27% (2013: 1.84%; 2012: 1.68%). The increase in our effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) was the result of de-designation of our interest rate swaps.
Net Interest Income
Our net interest income, which equals interest income less interest expense, for the year ended December 31, 2014, totaled $412.0 million (2013: $350.1 million; 2012: $329.4 million). Our net interest rate margin for the year ended December 31, 2014, which equals the yield on our average assets for the period less the average cost of funds for the period, was 1.89% (2013: 1.48%; 2012: 1.79%). The increase in net interest income and net interest margin was primarily the result of increasing the size of our investment portfolio and decreasing average borrowed funds in 2014 versus 2013.
Our effective net interest income (non-GAAP measure), which equals net interest income less effective interest expense (non-GAAP measure), for the year ended December 31, 2014, totaled $297.4 million (2013: $350.1 million; 2012: $329.4 million). Our effective interest rate margin (non-GAAP measure) for the year ended December 31, 2014 was 1.23% (2013: 1.48%; 2012: 1.79%). The decrease in effective interest rate margin was primarily due to de-designation of our interest rate swaps.
The increase in net interest income for 2013 versus 2012 was primarily the result of increasing the size of our investment portfolio, while the decrease in our net interest rate margin was a direct result of the change in our portfolio composition and an increase in our cost of funds from additional interest rate swaps, the issuance of our exchangeable senior note and ABS. Refer to the average balance table in the “Results of Operations” section above for changes in average portfolio balance and asset mix.
Provision for Loan Losses
We evaluated our residential loans held-for-investment and commercial loans held-for-investment to determine if it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the terms of the loan agreements. Based upon this analysis, we recorded a decrease in the provision for loan losses of $142,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 (2013: $884,000 increase; 2012: $0). Our provision for loan losses is solely for residential loans held-for-investment by consolidated securitization trusts. We have evaluated the collectibility of its commercial loans held-for-investment and determined that no provision for loan losses is required as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Gain/Loss on Sale of Investments
As part of our investment process, all of our MBS are continuously reviewed to determine if they continue to meet our risk and return targets. This process involves looking at changing market assumptions and the impact those assumptions will have on the individual securities. The changes in interest rates resulted in a decline in the value of Agency RMBS during 2014. We sold securities and recognized a net loss of $79.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 (2013: $199.4 million net loss; 2012: $48.2 million net gain).

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Loss on Other-Than-Temporary Impaired Securities
For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we did not recognize any losses on other-than-temporarily impaired securities in the consolidated statements of operations which had been previously included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Refer to Note 4 – “Mortgage-Backed Securities” of our consolidated financial statements for the assessment of other-than-temporary impairment on our investment securities.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Ventures
For the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures of $6.8 million (2013: $5.4 million; 2012: $7.2 million). Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures increased $1.4 million in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to higher realized gains on sales of underlying portfolio investments than in the 2013 period.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures decreased $1.8 million in 2013 compared to 2012 primarily due to higher unrealized appreciation on portfolio investments offset by lower realized gains on sale of underlying portfolio investments.
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, net
Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements to which our repurchase agreements and secured loans are subjected. To accomplish these objectives, we primarily use interest rate derivative instruments, including interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury futures contracts and TBAs as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. An interest rate swaption provides us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. The premium paid for interest rate swaptions is reported as an asset in our consolidated balance sheets. The premium is valued at an amount equal to the fair value of the swaption that would have the effect of closing the position adjusted for nonperformance risk, if any. TBAs are reported on the balance sheet as an asset or liability at its fair value.
We also use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies.
Effective December 31, 2013, we elected to discontinue hedge accounting for our interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the swaps as cash flow hedges. As a result of the de-designation, the accounting treatment for interest rate swap agreements changed prospectively. Refer to Note 8 - "Derivatives and Hedging Activities" of our consolidated financial statements for further information.
The tables below summarize our realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net for the following periods:
$ in thousands
Year ended December 31, 2014
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or
exercise, net
 
 Contractual
interest expense
 
Unrealized
gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps
(28,758
)
 
(199,783
)
 
(223,944
)
 
(452,485
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(23,275
)
 
—

 
10,906

 
(12,369
)
TBAs
(10,843
)
 
—

 
(558
)
 
(11,401
)
Futures Contracts
(11,489
)
 
—

 
(2,502
)
 
(13,991
)
Currency Forward Contracts
2,178

 
—

 
599

 
2,777

Total
(72,187
)
 
(199,783
)
 
(215,499
)
 
(487,469
)


54

$ in thousands
Year ended December 31, 2013
Derivative instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or
exercise, net
 
 Contractual
interest expense
 
Unrealized
gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps Ineffectiveness
—

 
—

 
535

 
535

Interest Rate Swaptions
56,279

 
—

 
(17,048
)
 
39,231

Futures Contracts
(2,353
)
 
—

 
2,590

 
237

Total
53,926

 
—

 
(13,923
)
 
40,003


$ in thousands
Year ended December 31, 2012
Derivative instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or
exercise, net
 
 Contractual
interest expense
 
Unrealized
gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps Ineffectiveness
—

 
—

 
(369
)
 
(369
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
—

 
—

 
(3,863
)
 
(3,863
)
Total
—

 
—

 
(4,232
)
 
(4,232
)
As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we held the following interest rate swaps whereby we receive interest at a 1-month LIBOR rate:
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Derivative instrument
Notional Amounts
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
 
Notional Amounts
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
Interest Rate Swaps(1)
9,400,000

 
2.08
%
 
0.16
%
 
3.76
 
10,850,000

 
2.06
%
 
0.17
%
 
4.5
(1)
Excluding notional amounts for interest rate swaps with forward start date of February 2015 and February 2016

Other Investment Income (Loss), net
Other investment income (loss), net primarily consists of foreign exchange rate losses related to a commercial loan investment denominated in a foreign currency.
Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred management fees of $37.6 million (2013: $42.6 million; 2012: $35.7 million), which are payable to our Manager under our management agreement. Refer to Note 11 – “Related Party Transactions” of our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our management fee calculation and our relationship with our Manager. Management fees decreased primarily due to a decrease in retained earnings and stock repurchases of $21.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and $160.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2013.
Management fees increased from $35.7 million in 2012 to $42.6 million in 2013 primarily due to an increase in stockholders' equity resulting from our follow-on common stock and preferred stock offerings in 2012 and 2013.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, our general and administrative expense of $15.3 million (2013: $10.5 million; 2012: $4.0 million) includes operating expenses not covered under our management agreement. These expenses primarily consist of direct operating costs of our consolidated residential loan securitizations, directors and officers insurance, accounting services, auditing and tax services, filing fees, and miscellaneous general and administrative costs. The 2014 and 2013 increase in general and administrative costs compared to prior years is primarily attributable to organization and direct operating costs of our ten consolidated residential loan securitizations, which amounted to $7.2 million in 2014 and $3.7 million in 2013. In addition, costs for audit, tax, and accounting services increased in 2014 and 2013 compared to prior years due to the change in our portfolio composition.

55

Net Income (loss) after Preferred Dividends and Return on Average Equity
For the year ended December 31, 2014, our net loss after preferred dividends was $219.1 million (2013: $132.3 million net income; 2012: $338.6 million net income) and our annualized loss on average equity was 9.07% (2013: 5.13% income; 2012: 14.96% income). The change in net income (loss) after preferred dividends and return on average equity was primarily the result of the de-designation of interest rate swaps, realized losses on expired unexercised interest rate swaptions in the 2014 period versus 2013 period. As a result of the de-designation of our interest rate swaps, beginning January 1, 2014 the changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps are included in net income as opposed to other comprehensive income. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized unrealized losses for the change in fair value of our interest rates swaps of $223.9 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation previously recognized in other comprehensive income of $85.2 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to pay dividends, fund investments, repayment of borrowings and other general business needs. Our primary sources of funds for liquidity consist of the net proceeds from our common and preferred equity offerings, net cash provided by operating activities, proceeds from repurchase agreements and other financing arrangements and future issuances of equity and/or debt securities.
We currently believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available for the acquisition of additional investments, repayments on borrowings, margin requirements and the payment of cash dividends as required for continued qualification as a REIT. We generally maintain liquidity to pay down borrowings under repurchase arrangements to reduce borrowing costs and otherwise efficiently manage our long-term investment capital. Because the level of these borrowings can be adjusted on a daily basis, the level of cash and cash equivalents carried on our consolidated balance sheets is significantly less important than our potential liquidity available under borrowing arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that we will maintain sufficient levels of liquidity to meet any margin calls.
We held cash and cash equivalents of $164.1 million at December 31, 2014 (2013: $210.6 million). Our cash and cash equivalents decreased due to normal fluctuations in cash balances related to the timing of principal and interest payments, repayments of debt, and asset purchases and sales.
Our operating activities provided net cash of approximately $379.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 (2013: $490.5 million; 2012: $427.5 million). The cash provided by operating activities decreased due to the decline in our average assets and slower prepayment speeds on the MBS portfolio during the year ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2012, the cash provided by operating activities increased due to the increase in net interest income earned by our portfolio.
Our investing activities used net cash of $912.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 (2013: $2.3 billion; 2012: $3.7 billion). During the year ended December 31, 2014 we utilized cash to purchase $4.3 billion in MBS and $1.8 billion in residential loans. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014 we originated commercial loans of $83.5 million. These purchases were offset by proceeds from asset sales of $3.3 billion and principal payments on MBS of $1.9 billion and principal repayments on residential loans of $255.7 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2013 we utilized cash to purchase $8.3 billion in MBS and $1.9 billion in residential loans which were offset by proceeds from asset sales of $5.0 billion, principal payments on MBS of $2.8 billion and principal repayments on residential loans of $44.0 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2013, we originated commercial loans of $64.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2012 we utilized cash to purchase $9.2 billion in MBS, sold $2.9 billion of MBS and received principal payments of $2.6 billion.
Our financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 consisted of net principal repayments on our repurchase agreements of $1.8 billion and principal repayments of ABS issued by securitization trusts of $236.2 million, offset by net proceeds from our secured FHLBI advances of $1.25 billion, net proceeds from ABS issued by securitization trusts of $1.5 billion, net proceeds from our dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan (“DRSPP”) in which we raised approximately $256,000 in equity. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, we raised approximately $149.9 million from our Series B Preferred Stock offering and we repurchased shares of common stock totaling $21.1 million.
Our financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2013 consisted of net proceeds from our common stock offering and our dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan (“DRSPP”) in which we raised approximately $396.5 million in equity, net proceeds from the issuance of our exchangeable senior notes of $400.0 million, and net proceeds from our ABS of $1.7 billion, reduced by financing costs incurred of $16.2 million and offset by principal repayments of ABS of $41.7 million and

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net principal repayments on our repurchase agreements of $240.9 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2013 we repurchased shares of common stock totaling $160.5 million.
Our financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily consisted of net proceeds from our preferred stock offering in which we raised approximately $135.4 million in equity and net proceeds from our repurchase agreements of $3.4 billion.
As of December 31, 2014, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, had $1.25 billion in outstanding secured advances from the FHLBI and is approved for additional available uncommitted credit for borrowing of an amount up to $2.5 billion. Available uncommitted credit may be adjusted at the sole discretion of the FHLBI. As of December 31, 2014, the FHLBI advances were collateralized by CMBS with a fair value of $1.5 billion.
As of December 31, 2014, the average margin requirement (weighted by borrowing amount), or the percentage amount by which the collateral value must exceed the loan amount, which we also refer to as the “haircut,” under our repurchase agreements for Agency RMBS was 4.8%, for non-Agency RMBS was 20.1%, for GSE CRT was 27.4% and for CMBS was 18.8%. Across our repurchase facilities for Agency RMBS, the haircuts range from a low of 3% to a high of 30%, for non-Agency RMBS range from a low of 10% to a high of 50%, for GSE CRT range from a low of 25% to a high of 35% and for CMBS range from a low of 10% to a high of 25%. Our effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) was 2.27% and 1.84% as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Declines in the value of our securities portfolio can trigger margin calls by our lenders under our repurchase agreements. An event of default or termination event would give some of our counterparties the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due by us to the counterparties to be payable immediately.
Our total debt-to-equity ratio, which includes longer term financing, was 6.9x as of December 31, 2014 (2013: 7.3x). The decrease in our total debt-to-equity was primarily due to our September 2014 Series B Preferred Stock Offering.
In 2011, we implemented the DRSPP. We have registered and reserved for issuance 15,000,000 shares of our common stock under the DRSPP. Under the terms of the DRSPP, stockholders who participate in the DRSPP may purchase shares of our common stock directly from us, in cash investments up to $10,000, or greater than $10,000 if we grant a request for waiver. At our sole discretion, we may accept optional cash investments in excess of $10,000 per month, which may qualify for a discount from the market price of 0% to 3%. The DRSPP participants may also automatically reinvest all or a portion of their dividends for additional shares of our stock. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we issued 15,505 shares of common stock (2013: 1,770,106 shares; 2012: 776,361 shares) at an average price of $16.52 under the DRSPP with total proceeds of approximately $256,000, of which no shares of common stock were issued under the waiver feature of the DRSPP.
In December 2011, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program to purchase up to 7,000,000 shares of our common shares with no stated expiration date. In December 2013, our board of directors approved an additional share repurchase of up to 20,000,000 of our common shares with no expiration date. Shares of the our common stock may be purchased in the open market, including through block purchases, or through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined at our discretion and the program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason. The program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares, and all repurchases will be made in accordance with Rule 10b-18, which sets certain restrictions on the method, timing, price and volume of stock repurchases.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased 1,438,213 (2013: 10,720,003) shares of our common stock at an average repurchase price of $14.69 (2013: $14.97) per share for a net cost of $21.1 million (2013: $160.5 million), including acquisition expenses. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2014, we had authority to purchase 14,841,784 shares of our common stock through our share repurchase program.
Effects of Margin Requirements, Leverage and Credit Spreads
Our securities have values that fluctuate according to market conditions and, as discussed above, the market value of our securities will decrease as prevailing interest rates or credit spreads increase. When the value of the securities pledged to secure a repurchase loan decreases to the point where the positive difference between the collateral value and the loan amount is less than the haircut, our lenders may issue a “margin call,” which means that the lender will require us to pay the margin call in cash or pledge additional collateral to meet that margin call. Under our repurchase facilities, our lenders have full discretion to determine the value of the securities we pledge to them. Most of our lenders will value securities based on recent trades in the market. Lenders also issue margin calls as the published current principal balance factors change on the pool of mortgages underlying the securities pledged as collateral when scheduled and unscheduled paydowns are announced monthly.

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We experience margin calls in the ordinary course of our business. In seeking to effectively manage the margin requirements established by our lenders, we maintain a position of cash and unpledged securities. We refer to this position as our “liquidity.” The level of liquidity we have available to meet margin calls is directly affected by our leverage levels, our haircuts and the price changes on our securities. If interest rates increase as a result of a yield curve shift or for another reason or if credit spreads widen, then the prices of our collateral (and our unpledged assets that constitute our liquidity) will decline, we will experience margin calls, and we will use our liquidity to meet the margin calls. There can be no assurance that we will maintain sufficient levels of liquidity to meet any margin calls. If our haircuts increase, our liquidity will proportionately decrease. In addition, if we increase our borrowings, our liquidity will decrease by the amount of additional haircut on the increased level of indebtedness.
We intend to maintain a level of liquidity in relation to our assets that enables us to meet reasonably anticipated margin calls but that also allows us to be substantially invested in securities. We may misjudge the appropriate amount of our liquidity by maintaining excessive liquidity, which would lower our investment returns, or by maintaining insufficient liquidity, which would force us to liquidate assets into unfavorable market conditions and harm our results of operations and financial condition.
Forward-Looking Statements Regarding Liquidity
Based upon our current portfolio, leverage rate and available borrowing arrangements, we believe that cash flow from operations and available borrowing capacity will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term (one year or less) liquidity requirements to fund our investment activities, pay fees under our management agreement, fund our distributions to stockholders and for other general corporate expenses.
Our ability to meet our long-term (greater than one year) liquidity and capital resource requirements will be subject to obtaining additional debt financing. We may increase our capital resources by obtaining long-term credit facilities or through public or private offerings of equity or debt securities, possibly including classes of preferred stock, common stock, and senior or subordinated notes. Such financing will depend on market conditions for capital raises and our ability to invest such offering proceeds. If we are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing on substantially similar terms, it may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into an agreement with our Manager pursuant to which our Manager is entitled to receive a management fee and the reimbursement of certain expenses. The management fee is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears in an amount equal to 1.50% of our stockholders’ equity, per annum. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and personnel who, notwithstanding that certain of those individuals are also our officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. We are required to reimburse our Manager for operating expenses related to us incurred by our Manager, including certain salary expenses and other expenses relating to legal, accounting, due diligence and other services. Expense reimbursements to our Manager are made in cash on a monthly basis following the end of each month. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation. Refer to Note 11 – “Related Party Transactions” of our consolidated financial statements for details of our reimbursements to our Manager.

58

Contractual Commitments
As of December 31, 2014, we had the following contractual commitments and commercial obligations:
 
Payments Due by Period
$ in thousands
Total
 
Less than 1
year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
After 5
years
Obligations of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
13,622,677

 
13,622,677

 
—

 
—

 
—

Secured loans
1,250,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,250,000

Unfunded investments in unconsolidated ventures
30,951

 
6,743

 
24,208

 
—

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
—

 
—

 
400,000

 
—

Participation interest
150

 
—

 
150

 
—

 
—

Commercial loans
4,980

 
3,357

 
1,623

 
—

 
—

Total contractual obligations (1)
15,308,758

 
13,632,777

 
25,981

 
400,000

 
1,250,000

Obligations of entities consolidated for financial reporting purposes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated ABS (2)
2,902,378

 
378,184

 
624,221

 
475,730

 
1,424,243

Anticipated interest payments on ABS (3)
650,520

 
89,645

 
145,325

 
109,235

 
306,315

Total obligations of entities consolidated for financial reporting purposes
3,552,898

 
467,829

 
769,546

 
584,965

 
1,730,558

Total consolidated obligations and commitments
18,861,656

 
14,100,606

 
795,527

 
984,965

 
2,980,558


(1)
Excluded from total contractual obligations are the amounts due to our Manager under the management agreement, as those obligations do not have fixed and determinable payments. Refer to "Contractual Obligations" above for further details.
(2)
All consolidated ABS issued by VIEs are collateralized by residential mortgage loans. The ABS obligations will pay down as the principal balances of these residential mortgage loans pay down. The amounts shown are the estimated principal repayments, adjusted for projected prepayments and losses.
(3)
The anticipated interest payments on consolidated ABS issued by VIEs are calculated based on estimated principal balances, adjusted for projected prepayments and losses.
As of December 31, 2014, we have approximately $15.7 million, $70.9 million and $44.9 million in contractual interest payments related to our repurchase agreements, exchangeable senior notes and secured loans, respectively.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have committed to invest up to $124.2 million in unconsolidated ventures sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. The unconsolidated ventures are structured as partnerships, and we invest in the partnerships as a limited partner. As of December 31, 2014, $93.3 million of our commitment has been called. We are committed to fund $31.0 million in additional capital to fund future investments and cover future expenses should they occur.
We also utilize credit derivatives, such as credit default swaps, to provide credit event protection based on a financial index or specific security in exchange for receiving a fixed-rate fee or premium over the term of the contract. These instruments enable us to synthetically assume the credit risk of a reference security, portfolio of securities or index of securities. The counterparty pays a premium to us and we agree to make a payment to compensate the counterparty for losses upon the occurrence of a specified credit event. Although contract specific, credit events generally include bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring, obligation acceleration, obligation default, or repudiation/moratorium. Upon the occurrence of a defined credit event, the difference between the value of the reference securities and the CDS’s notional amount is recorded as realized loss in the statements of operations.
Our only CDS contract was entered into in December 2010. We sold protection against losses on a specific pool of non-Agency RMBS in the event they exceed a specified loss limit of 25% of the balance of the non-Agency RMBS on the trade date. The maximum exposure at any point is the remaining unpaid principal balance of the underlying RMBS in excess of the specified loss threshold. In exchange, we are paid a stated fixed rate fee of 3% of the notional amount of the CDS. We are required to post collateral as security for potential loss payments. We posted collateral to secure potential loss payments of $5.6 million as of December 31, 2014 (2013: $8.0 million). The remaining notional amount of the CDS is $36.7 million at December 31, 2014 compared to $51.8 million at December 31, 2013, and we estimated the fair market value of the CDS to be

59

$396,000 at December 31, 2014 compared to $654,000 at December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2014, we have not made any payments related to the CDS contract.
As of December 31, 2014 we held contracts to sell TBAs on a forward basis with an aggregate notional amount of $198.0 million (2013: $0). If a counterparty of one of the TBA agreements that we entered into defaults on its obligations, we may not receive payment or securities due under the TBA agreement and we may lose any unrealized gain associated with that TBA transaction.
As of December 31, 2014, we have unfunded commitments on commercial loans of $5.0 million (2013: $17.4 million).
Stockholders’ Equity
During the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we issued 15,505 (2013:1,770,106) shares of common stock at an average price of $16.52 (2013: $21.31) under the DRSPP. We received total proceeds of approximately $256,000 (2013: $37.7 million), net of issuance costs of $0 (2013: $219,000).
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased 1,438,213 shares of our common stock at an average repurchase price of $14.69 per share for a net cost of $21.1 million, including acquisition expenses. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2014, we had authority to purchase 14,841,784 shares of our common stock through this program.
In September 2014, we completed a public offering of 6,200,000 shares of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series B Preferred Stock") at the price of $25.00 per share. Total proceeds were $149.9 million, net of issuance costs of $5.1 million. Holders of our Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum until December 27, 2024. After December 27, 2024, holders are entitled to receive dividends at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 5.18% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per annum. Dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears, with the first dividend payment date on December 29, 2014. We may elect to redeem shares of preferred stock at our option after December 27, 2024 for $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. These shares are not redeemable, convertible into or exchangeable for any of our other property or any of our other securities prior to those times, except under circumstances intended to preserve our qualification as a REIT or upon the occurrence of a change in control.
Share-Based Compensation
We established the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan for grants of restricted common stock and other equity based awards to our independent directors and the executive officers and personnel of the Manager and its affiliates (the “Incentive Plan”). Under the Incentive Plan, a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock are currently reserved for issuance. Unless terminated earlier, the Incentive Plan will terminate in 2019, but will continue to govern the unexpired awards. We recognized compensation expense of approximately $282,000 (2013: $165,000; 2012: $166,000) related our non-executive directors for the year ended December 31, 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2014 we issued 14,632 shares (2013: 8,946 shares; 2012: 8,767 shares) of restricted stock pursuant to the Incentive Plan to our non-executive directors. The fair market value of the shares granted was determined by the closing stock market price on the date of the grant.
We recognized compensation expense of approximately $290,000 (2013: $197,000; 2012: $170,000) for the year ended December 31, 2014 related to awards to employees of the Manager and its affiliates which is reimbursed by the Manager under the management agreement.
During March 2014, we issued 8,284 shares of common stock (net of tax withholding) in exchange for 12,599 restricted stock units that vested under the Incentive Plan. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, we awarded 20,732 restricted stock units to employees of the Manager and its affiliates. During the year ended December 31, 2014, no units were forfeited.
Dividends
We intend to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock and preferred stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income annually, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our repurchase agreements and other debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions, or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.

60

Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to interest rates. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more than inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates.
Unrelated Business Taxable Income
We have not engaged in transactions that would result in a portion of our income being treated as unrelated business taxable income.
Other Matters
We believe that we satisfied each of the asset tests in Section 856(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") at the end of each calendar quarter in 2013. We also believe that our revenue qualifies for the 75% source of income test and for the 95% source of income test rules for the period ended December 31, 2014. Consequently, we believe we met the REIT income and asset test as of December 31, 2014. We also met all REIT requirements regarding the ownership of our common stock and the distribution of dividends of our net income as of December 31, 2014. Therefore, as of December 31, 2014, we believe that we qualified as a REIT under the Code.
At all times, we intend to conduct our business so that neither we nor our Operating Partnership nor the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership are required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. If we were required to register as an investment company, then our use of leverage would be substantially reduced. Because we are a holding company that conducts our business through our Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the securities issued by these subsidiaries that are excepted from the definition of “investment company” under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act, together with any other investment securities the Operating Partnership may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of the Operating Partnership’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we are permitted to engage in through our subsidiaries. In addition, we believe neither we nor the Operating Partnership are considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act because they do not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, through the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, we and the Operating Partnership are primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries. IAS Asset I LLC and certain of the Operating Partnership’s other subsidiaries that we may form in the future rely upon the exclusion from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of each subsidiary’s portfolio be comprised of qualifying assets and at least 80% be comprised of qualifying assets and real estate-related assets (and no more than 20% comprised of miscellaneous assets). We calculate that as of December 31, 2014, we conducted our business so as not to be regulated as an investment company under the 1940 Act.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The primary components of our market risk are related to interest rate, principal prepayment and market value. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and we seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our investments and our repurchase agreements. Our repurchase agreements are typically of limited duration and will be periodically refinanced at current market rates. We mitigate this risk through utilization of derivative contracts, primarily interest rate swap agreements, TBAs and futures contracts.
Interest Rate Effect on Net Interest Income
Our operating results depend in large part upon differences between the yields earned on our investments and our cost of borrowing and interest rate hedging activities. Most of our repurchase agreements provide financing based on a floating rate of interest calculated on a fixed spread over LIBOR. The fixed spread will vary depending on the type of underlying asset which collateralizes the financing. Accordingly, the portion of our portfolio which consists of floating interest rate assets are match-

61

funded utilizing our expected sources of short-term financing, while our fixed interest rate assets are not match-funded. During periods of rising interest rates, the borrowing costs associated with our investments tend to increase while the income earned on our fixed interest rate investments may remain substantially unchanged. This increase in borrowing costs results in the narrowing of the net interest spread between the related assets and borrowings and may even result in losses. Further, during this portion of the interest rate and credit cycles, defaults could increase and result in credit losses to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Such delinquencies or defaults could also have an adverse effect on the spread between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
Hedging techniques are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our RMBS. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the RMBS will be longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness of any hedging strategies we may use and may cause losses on such transactions. Hedging strategies involving the use of derivative securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns.
Interest Rate Effects on Fair Value
Another component of interest rate risk is the effect that changes in interest rates will have on the market value of the assets that we acquire. We face the risk that the market value of our assets will increase or decrease at different rates than those of our liabilities, including our hedging instruments.
We primarily assess our interest rate risk by estimating the duration of our assets and the duration of our liabilities. Duration measures the market price volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change. We generally calculate duration using various financial models and empirical data. Different models and methodologies can produce different duration numbers for the same securities.
The impact of changing interest rates on fair value can change significantly when interest rates change materially. Therefore, the volatility in the fair value of our assets could increase significantly in the event interest rates change materially. In addition, other factors impact the fair value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and hedging instruments, such as the shape of the yield curve, market expectations as to future interest rate changes and other market conditions. Accordingly, changes in actual interest rates may have a material adverse effect on us.
Prepayment Risk
As we receive prepayments of principal on our investments, premiums paid on these investments are amortized against interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the investments. Conversely, discounts on such investments are accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the investments.
Extension Risk
We compute the projected weighted-average life of our investments based upon assumptions regarding the rate at which the borrowers will prepay the underlying mortgages. In general, when a fixed-rate or hybrid adjustable-rate security is acquired with borrowings, we may, but are not required to, enter into an interest rate swap agreement or other hedging instrument that effectively fixes our borrowing costs for a period close to the anticipated average life of the fixed-rate portion of the related assets. This strategy is designed to protect us from rising interest rates, because the borrowing costs are fixed for the duration of the fixed-rate portion of the related target asset.
However, if prepayment rates decrease in a rising interest rate environment, then the life of the fixed-rate portion of the related assets could extend beyond the term of the swap agreement or other hedging instrument. This could have a negative impact on our results from operations, as borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the hedging instrument, while the income earned on the hybrid adjustable-rate assets would remain fixed. This situation may also cause the market value of our hybrid adjustable-rate assets to decline, with little or no offsetting gain from the related hedging transactions. In extreme situations, we may be forced to sell assets to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause us to incur losses.
Market Risk
Market Value Risk
Our available-for-sale securities are reflected at their estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income pursuant to ASC Topic 320. The estimated fair value of these securities fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, in a rising interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to increase.

62

The sensitivity analysis table presented below shows the estimated impact of an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve, up and down 50 and 100 basis points, on the market value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and net interest income, including net interest paid or received under interest rate swaps, at December 31, 2014, assuming a static portfolio. When evaluating the impact of changes in interest rates, prepayment assumptions and principal reinvestment rates are adjusted based on our Manager’s expectations. The analysis presented utilized assumptions, models and estimates of our Manager based on our Manager’s judgment and experience.
Change in Interest Rates
 
Percentage Change
in Projected
Net Interest Income
 
Percentage
Change in
Projected
Portfolio Value
+1.00%
 
10.50
 %
 
(1.29
)%
+0.50%
 
17.30
 %
 
(0.64
)%
-0.50%
 
(25.00
)%
 
0.19
 %
-1.00%
 
(51.10
)%
 
0.32
 %
Certain assumptions have been made in connection with the calculation of the information set forth in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates at December 31, 2014. The analysis utilizes assumptions and estimates based on management’s judgment and experience. Furthermore, while we generally expect to retain such assets and the associated interest rate risk to maturity, future purchases and sales of assets could materially change our interest rate risk profile.
Given the low interest rates at December 31, 2014, we applied a floor of 0% for all anticipated interest rates included in our assumptions. Because of this floor, we anticipate that any hypothetical interest rate shock decrease would have a limited positive impact on our funding costs; however, because prepayment speeds are unaffected by this floor, we expect that any increase in our prepayment speeds (occurring as a result of any interest rate decrease or otherwise) could result in an acceleration of our premium amortization on Agency and interest-only securities purchased at a premium, and accretion of discount on our non-Agency RMBS purchased at a discount. As a result, because this floor limits the positive impact of any interest rate decrease on our funding costs, hypothetical interest rate decreases could cause the fair value of our financial instruments and our net interest income to decline.
The information set forth in the interest rate sensitivity table above and all related disclosures constitutes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table.
Real Estate Risk
Residential and commercial property values are subject to volatility and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to: national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as the supply of housing stock); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
Credit Risk
We believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our credit losses and financing costs low. However, we retain the risk of potential credit losses on all of our residential and commercial mortgage investments. We seek to manage this risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence process. In addition, we re-evaluate the credit risk inherent in our investments on a regular basis pursuant to fundamental considerations such as GDP, unemployment, interest rates, retail sales, store closings/openings, corporate earnings, housing inventory, affordability and regional home price trends. We also review key loan credit metrics including, but not limited to, payment status, current loan-to-value ratios, current borrower credit scores and debt yields. These characteristics assist in determining the likelihood and severity of loan loss as well as prepayment and extension expectations. We then perform structural analysis under multiple scenarios to establish likely cash flow profiles and credit enhancement levels relative to collateral performance projections. This analysis allows us to quantify our opinions of credit quality and fundamental value, which are key drivers of portfolio management decisions.

63

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We have an investment in a commercial loan denominated in a foreign currency. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk on the balance of the loan and contractual payments of interest on the loan. We have hedged our foreign currency exposure on the loan by purchasing currency forward contracts.
Risk Management
To the extent consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification, we seek to manage risk exposure to protect our investment portfolio against the effects of major interest rate changes. We generally seek to manage this risk by:
•
monitoring and adjusting, if necessary, the reset index and interest rate related to our target assets and our financings;
•
attempting to structure our financing agreements to have a range of different maturities, terms, amortizations and interest rate adjustment periods;
•
using hedging instruments, primarily interest rate swap agreements but also financial futures, options, interest rate cap agreements, floors and forward sales to adjust the interest rate sensitivity of our target assets and our borrowings; and
•
actively managing, on an aggregate basis, the interest rate indices, interest rate adjustment periods, and gross reset margins of our target assets and the interest rate indices and adjustment periods of our financings.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The financial statements and supplementary data are included under Item 15 of this Report.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that the required information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We have evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the Exchange Act, Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in

64

Internal Control — Integrated Framework "(2013)". Based on this assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014.
Our independent accountants, Grant Thornton LLP, audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. Their report dated February 27, 2015, which is included herein, expressed an unqualified opinion on our internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change occurred in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2014 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.

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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
We will provide information that is responsive to certain portions of this Item 10 in our definitive proxy statement or in an amendment to this Report not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, in either case under the captions “Information about Director Nominees,” “Information about the Executive Officers of the Company,” “Corporate Governance,” “Information about the Board and its Committees,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated into this Item 10 by reference.
Each year, the chief executive officer of each company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) must certify to the NYSE that he or she is not aware of any violation by us of NYSE corporate governance listing standards as of the date of certification, qualifying the certification to the extent necessary. Our chief executive officer submitted our first required certification to the NYSE in August of 2010, and will submit a similar certification within 30 days of our 2014 annual stockholders’ meeting. In addition, we have filed, as exhibits to this Report, the certifications of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer required under Section 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 11 in our definitive proxy statement or in an amendment to this Report not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, in either case under the captions “Director Compensation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated into this Item 11 by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 12 in our definitive proxy statement or in an amendment to this Report not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, in either case under the caption “Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders,” “Security Ownership of Management,” and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated into this Item 12 by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 13 in our definitive proxy statement or in an amendment to this Report not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, in either case under the captions “Corporate Governance,” “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” “Related Person Transaction Policy,” and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated into this Item 13 by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 14 in our definitive proxy statement or in an amendment to this Report not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, in either case under the captions “Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” “Pre-Approval Process and Policy,” and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated into this Item 14 by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)(1) Financial Statements: The financial statements contained herein are set forth on pages 72-113 of this Report.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules: Refer to Index to Financial Statement Schedules contained herein on page 69 of this Report.
(a)(3) Exhibits: Refer to Exhibit Index starting on page 67 of this Report.

66

Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit
No.
 
Description
3.1
 
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2009.
 
 
 
3.2
 
Articles Supplementary of 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on July 23, 2012.
 
 
 
3.3
 
Articles Supplementary of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on September 8, 2014).
 
 
 
3.4
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 8 to our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-151665), filed with the SEC on June 18, 2009 (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 8”).
 
 
 
4.1
 
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 8.
 
 
 
4.2
 
Specimen 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on July 23, 2012.
 
 
 
4.3
 
Specimen 7.75% Series B Fixed-to-Floating Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on September 8, 2014).
 
 
 
4.4
 
Indenture, dated March 12, 2013, by and among IAS Operating Partnership LP, as issuer, Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of 5.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2018 and the related guarantee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2013.
 
 
 
10.1
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2009, among Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (formally known as Invesco Agency Securities Inc.), Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formally known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) and Invesco Investments (Bermuda) Ltd., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2009.
 
 
 
10.2
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 12, 2013, among IAS Operating Partnership LP, Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2013.
 
 
 
10.3
 
Management Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2009, among Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formally known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.), Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. and IAS Operating Partnership LP., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2009.
 
 
 
10.4
 
Amendment to Management Agreement, dated as of May 24, 2011, by and among Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formally known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.), Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., IAS Operating Partnership LP., and IAS Asset I LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2011.
 
 
 
10.5
 
First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of July 1, 2009, of IAS Operating Partnership LP., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2009.
 
 
 
10.6
 
First Amendment to First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of IAS Operating Partnership LP, dated as of July 23, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2013.
 
 
 
10.7
 
Second Amendment to First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of IAS Operating Partnership LP, dated September 8, 2014.
 
 
 
10.8
 
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2009.
 
 
 
10.9
 
Amendment No. 1 to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2010.
 
 
 

67

10.10
 
Form of Restricted Common Stock Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 8.
 
 
 
10.11
 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 24, 2010.
 
 
 
21.1
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 
 
 
23.1
 
Consent of Grant Thornton LLP.
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Richard J. King pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of Richard Lee Phegley, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.1
 
Certification of Richard J. King pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.2
 
Certification of Richard Lee Phegley, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
101
 
The following series of audited XBRL-formatted documents are collectively included herewith as Exhibit 101. The financial information is extracted from Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes that are included in this Form 10-K Report.
 
 
 
 
 
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
 
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
 
 
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
§ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(b) Exhibits: Refer to (a)(3) above.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules: Refer to (a)(2) above.

68

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 


INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Schedules other than the one listed above are omitted because they are not applicable or deemed not material.


69

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (a Maryland corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. Our audits of the basic consolidated financial statements included the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 27, 2015, expressed an unqualified opinion.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 27, 2015

70

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (a Maryland Corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014, and our report dated February 27, 2015, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 27, 2015

71

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
As of
In thousands except share amounts
December 31,
2014
 
December 31,
2013
ASSETS
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value
17,248,895

 
17,348,657

Residential loans, held-for-investment (1)
3,365,003

 
1,810,262

Commercial loans, held-for-investment
145,756

 
64,599

Cash and cash equivalents
164,144

 
210,612

Due from counterparties
57,604

 
1,500

Investment related receivable
38,717

 
515,404

Accrued interest receivable
66,044

 
68,246

Derivative assets, at fair value
24,178

 
262,059

Deferred securitization and financing costs
13,080

 
13,894

Other investments
106,498

 
54,403

Other assets
1,098

 
1,343

Total assets(1)
21,231,017

 
20,350,979

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
13,622,677

 
15,451,675

Secured loans
1,250,000

 
—

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts (1)
2,929,820

 
1,643,741

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
400,000

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
254,026

 
263,204

Dividends and distributions payable
61,757

 
66,087

Investment related payable
17,008

 
28,842

Accrued interest payable
29,670

 
26,492

Collateral held payable
14,890

 
52,698

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
2,439

 
4,304

Due to affiliate
9,880

 
10,701

Total liabilities(1)
18,592,167

 
17,947,744

Equity:
 
 
 
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized:
 
 
 
7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 5,600,000 shares issued and outstanding ($140,000 aggregate liquidation preference)
135,356

 
135,356

7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 6,200,000 shares issued and outstanding ($155,000 aggregate liquidation preference)
149,860

 
—

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 450,000,000 shares authorized; 123,110,454 and 124,510,246 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
1,231

 
1,245

Additional paid in capital
2,532,130

 
2,552,464

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
404,559

 
(156,993
)
Retained earnings (distributions in excess of earnings)
(612,821
)
 
(155,957
)
Total stockholders’ equity
2,610,315

 
2,376,115

Non-controlling interest
28,535

 
27,120

Total equity
2,638,850

 
2,403,235

Total liabilities and equity
21,231,017

 
20,350,979

(1)
The consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle obligations and liabilities of the VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to the Company. As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, total assets of the consolidated VIEs were $3,380,597 and $1,819,295, respectively, and total liabilities of the consolidated VIEs were $2,938,512 and $1,648,400, respectively. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" for further discussion.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

72

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
In thousands except share amounts
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
596,357

 
646,787

 
566,830

Residential loans
88,073

 
34,122

 
—

Commercial loans
9,508

 
1,451

 
—

Total interest income
693,938

 
682,360

 
566,830

Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
188,699

 
287,547

 
237,405

Secured loans
2,576

 
—

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
22,461

 
18,023

 
—

Asset-backed securities
68,159

 
26,682

 
—

Total interest expense
281,895

 
332,252

 
237,405

Net interest income
412,043

 
350,108

 
329,425

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(142
)
 
884

 
—

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
412,185

 
349,224

 
329,425

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
(79,430
)
 
(199,449
)
 
48,215

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
6,786

 
5,345

 
7,169

Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
(487,469
)
 
40,003

 
(4,232
)
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
1,093

 
1,127

 
3,115

Other investment income (loss), net
(2,045
)
 
—

 
—

Total other income (loss)
(561,065
)
 
(152,974
)
 
54,267

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Management fee — related party
37,599

 
42,639

 
35,658

General and administrative
15,267

 
10,505

 
4,026

Total expenses
52,866

 
53,144

 
39,684

Net income (loss)
(201,746
)
 
143,106

 
344,008

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
(2,301
)
 
1,486

 
4,123

Net income (loss) attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(199,445
)
 
141,620

 
339,885

Dividends to preferred stockholders
17,378

 
10,851

 
5,395

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
(216,823
)
 
130,769

 
334,490

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

Diluted
(1.76
)
 
0.99

 
2.89

Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
123,104,934

 
132,714,012

 
115,558,668

Diluted
124,529,934

 
134,173,691

 
117,012,500

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

73

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
In thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Net income (loss)
(201,746
)
 
143,106

 
344,008

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities
403,435

 
(874,545
)
 
573,158

Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed securities to gain (loss) on sales of investments, net
79,430

 
199,449

 
(48,215
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments
—

 
263,135

 
(182,272
)
Reclassification of unrealized loss on derivative instruments to gain (loss) on derivatives, net
—

 
166,016

 
142,982

Reclassification of amortization of repurchase agreements interest expense to repurchase agreements interest expense
85,176

 
—

 
—

Total Other comprehensive income (loss)
568,041

 
(245,945
)
 
485,653

Comprehensive income (loss)
366,295

 
(102,839
)
 
829,661

Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest
(4,188
)
 
1,029

 
(10,049
)
Less: Dividends to preferred stockholders
(17,378
)
 
(10,851
)
 
(5,395
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
344,729

 
(112,661
)
 
814,217

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

74

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable to Common Stockholders
 
 
 
 
In thousands except share amounts
Series A
Preferred Stock
 
Series B
Preferred Stock
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)
 
Retained
Earnings
(Distributions
in excess
of earnings)
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Non-
Controlling
Interest
 
Total
Equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
115,395,695

 
1,154

 
2,299,543

 
(393,291
)
 
(15,068
)
 
1,892,338

 
25,075

 
1,917,413

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
339,885

 
339,885

 
4,123

 
344,008

Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
479,727

 
—

 
479,727

 
5,926

 
485,653

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
787,882

 
8

 
16,415

 
—

 
—

 
16,423

 
—

 
16,423

Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of offering costs
5,600,000

 
135,362

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
135,362

 
—

 
135,362

Stocks awards
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,923

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(300,574
)
 
(300,574
)
 
—

 
(300,574
)
Common unit dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,706
)
 
(3,706
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,395
)
 
(5,395
)
 
—

 
(5,395
)
Amortization of equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
332

 
—

 
—

 
332

 
4

 
336

Balance at December 31, 2012
5,600,000

 
135,362

 
—

 
—

 
116,195,500

 
1,162

 
2,316,290

 
86,436

 
18,848

 
2,558,098

 
31,422

 
2,589,520

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
141,620

 
141,620

 
1,486

 
143,106

Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(243,429
)
 
—

 
(243,429
)
 
(2,516
)
 
(245,945
)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
19,020,106

 
190

 
396,280

 
—

 
—

 
396,470

 
—

 
396,470

(Cost) proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of offering costs
—

 
(6
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
—

 
(6
)
Repurchase of shares of common stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(10,720,003
)
 
(107
)
 
(160,419
)
 
—

 
—

 
(160,526
)
 
—

 
(160,526
)
Stocks awards
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
14,643

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(305,574
)
 
(305,574
)
 
—

 
(305,574
)
Common unit dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,276
)
 
(3,276
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(10,851
)
 
(10,851
)
 
—

 
(10,851
)
Amortization of equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
313

 
—

 
—

 
313

 
4

 
317

Balance at December 31, 2013
5,600,000

 
135,356

 
—

 
—

 
124,510,246

 
1,245

 
2,552,464

 
(156,993
)
 
(155,957
)
 
2,376,115

 
27,120

 
2,403,235

Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(199,445
)
 
(199,445
)
 
(2,301
)
 
(201,746
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
561,552

 
—

 
561,552

 
6,489

 
568,041

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
15,505

 
—

 
256

 
—

 
—

 
256

 
—

 
256

Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of offering costs
—

 
—

 
6,200,000

 
149,860

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
149,860

 
—

 
149,860

Repurchase of shares of common stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,438,213
)
 
(14
)
 
(21,116
)
 
—

 
—

 
(21,130
)
 
—

 
(21,130
)
Stocks awards
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22,916

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(240,041
)
 
(240,041
)
 
—

 
(240,041
)
Common unit dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,779
)
 
(2,779
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(17,378
)
 
(17,378
)
 
—

 
(17,378
)
Amortization of equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
526

 
—

 
—

 
526

 
6

 
532

Balance at December 31, 2014
5,600,000

 
135,356

 
6,200,000

 
149,860

 
123,110,454

 
1,231

 
2,532,130

 
404,559

 
(612,821
)
 
2,610,315

 
28,535

 
2,638,850

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

75

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS  
In thousands
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
(201,746
)
 
143,106

 
344,008

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of mortgage-backed securities premiums and (discounts), net
124,610

 
180,121

 
139,624

Amortization of residential loan and asset-backed securities premiums (discounts), net
2,761

 
994

 
—

Amortization of commercial loan origination fees
(9
)
 
(26
)
 
—

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(142
)
 
884

 
—

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
215,499

 
13,923

 
4,232

Unrealized (gain) loss on credit default swap, net
258

 
865

 
(180
)
(Gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed securities, net
79,430

 
199,449

 
(48,215
)
(Gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
72,187

 
(56,279
)
 
—

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
(6,786
)
 
(5,345
)
 
(7,169
)
Amortization of equity-based compensation
532

 
317

 
336

Amortization of deferred securitization and financing costs
3,013

 
2,446

 
—

Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation
85,176

 
—

 
—

Non-cash interest income capitalized in commercial loans
(768
)
 
(832
)
 
—

(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions, net
2,718

 
—

 
—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
(Increase) decrease in operating assets
2,473

 
(5,280
)
 
(8,727
)
Increase in operating liabilities
456

 
16,099

 
3,541

Net cash provided by operating activities
379,662

 
490,442

 
427,450

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase of mortgage-backed securities
(4,339,442
)
 
(8,323,891
)
 
(9,171,750
)
(Contributions) distributions (from) to investments in unconsolidated ventures, net
7,191

 
(3,757
)
 
40,661

Change in other investments
(52,500
)
 
—

 
(10,000
)
Principal payments from mortgage-backed securities
1,909,632

 
2,818,987

 
2,618,003

Proceeds from sale of mortgage-backed securities
3,266,040

 
5,041,249

 
2,851,711

Payment of premiums for interest rate swaptions
(10,328
)
 
(72,723
)
 
(8,813
)
Proceeds from termination of interest rate swaptions
—

 
114,538

 
—

Payments for termination of futures contracts and TBAs
(48,913
)
 
—

 
—

Purchase of residential loans held-for-investment
(1,816,638
)
 
(1,857,673
)
 
—

Principal payments from residential loans held-for-investment
255,662

 
43,869

 
—

Principal payments from commercial loans held-for-investment
399

 
—

 
—

Origination and advances of commercial loans, net of origination fees
(83,483
)
 
(63,741
)
 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(912,380
)
 
(2,303,142
)
 
(3,680,188
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
256

 
396,465

 
16,316

        Repurchase of common stock
(21,130
)
 
(160,527
)
 
—

Proceeds from (cost of) issuance of preferred stock
149,896

 
(6
)
 
135,362

Due from counterparties
(54,679
)
 
(1,500
)
 
74,496

Collateral held payable
(32,014
)
 
46,904

 
(17,324
)
Proceeds from repurchase agreements
141,072,770

 
182,456,110

 
153,409,971

Principal repayments of repurchase agreements
(142,901,817
)
 
(182,697,053
)
 
(149,970,390
)
Proceeds from issuance of exchangeable senior notes
—

 
400,000

 
—

Proceeds from asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
1,525,905

 
1,687,127

 
—

Principal repayments of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
(236,210
)
 
(41,722
)
 
—

Proceeds from secured loans
2,835,247

 
—

 
—

Principal repayments on secured loans
(1,585,247
)
 
—

 
—

Payments of deferred costs
(2,199
)
 
(16,181
)
 
—

Payments of dividends and distributions
(264,528
)
 
(332,779
)
 
(306,443
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
486,250

 
1,736,838

 
3,341,988

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(46,468
)
 
(75,862
)
 
89,250

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
210,612

 
286,474

 
197,224

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
164,144

 
210,612

 
286,474

Supplement Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
 
 
 
 
 
Interest paid
193,275

 
320,253

 
234,507

Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities and hedged derivatives
482,865

 
(245,945
)
 
485,653

Dividends and distributions declared not paid
61,757

 
66,087

 
79,165

(Receivable) / payable for mortgage-backed securities sold / purchased, net
457,643

 
(522,492
)
 
121,056

Repurchase agreements, not settled
49

 
(27,842
)
 
27,841

Collateral held payable, not settled
(5,794
)
 
5,794

 
—

Net change in due from counterparties
(1,425
)
 
—

 
—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

76

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Organization and Business Operations
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans. The Company is externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the "Manager"), a registered investment adviser and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (“Invesco”), a leading independent global investment management firm.
The Company conducts its business through IAS Operating Partnership L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) as its sole general partner. As of December 31, 2014 the Company owned 98.9% of the Operating Partnership and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco owned the remaining 1.1%. The Company has one operating segment.
The Company primarily invests in:
•
Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association, or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") (collectively "Agency RMBS");
•
RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency (“non-Agency RMBS”);
•
Credit risk transfer securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");
•
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS");
•
Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and
•
Other real estate-related financing agreements.
The Company generally finances its investments through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements and secured loans. The Company finances its residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities ("ABS") issued by consolidated securitization trusts. The Company has also financed investments through the issuances of debt and equity and may utilize other forms of financing in the future.
The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with the Company's taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain the Company’s REIT qualification, the Company is generally required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders annually. The Company operates its business in a manner that permits exclusion from the "Investment Company" definition under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, revenues and expense are eliminated upon consolidation.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and consolidate the financial statements of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements also include the consolidation of certain securitization trusts that meet the definition of a variable interest entity ("VIE") because the Company has been deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the securitization trusts. These securitization trusts hold pools of residential mortgage loans and issue series of asset-backed securities payable from the cash flows generated by the underlying pools of residential mortgage loans. The securitizations are non-recourse financing for the residential mortgage loans held-for-investment. Generally, a portion of the asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts is sold to unaffiliated third parties and the balance is purchased by the Company. The Company classifies the underlying residential mortgage loans owned by the securitization trusts as residential loans held-for-investment in its consolidated balance sheets. The asset-backed securities issued to third parties are recorded as liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company records interest income on the residential loans held-for-investment and interest expense on the asset-backed securities issued to third parties in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company eliminates all intercompany balances and transactions between itself and the consolidated securitization trusts. The Company records the initial underlying assets and liabilities of the consolidated securitization trusts at their fair value upon consolidation into the Company and, as such, no gain or loss is

77

recorded upon consolidation. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" for additional information regarding the impact of consolidation of securitization trusts.
The consolidated securitization trusts are VIEs because the securitization trusts do not have equity that meets the definition of U.S. GAAP equity at risk. In determining if a securitization trust should be consolidated, the Company evaluates whether it has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the securitization trust that most significantly impact its economic performance and (ii) the right to receive benefits from the securitization trust or the obligation to absorb losses of the securitization trust that could be significant. The Company's determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a securitization trust includes both a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary of certain securitization trusts because it was involved in certain aspects of the design of the securitization trusts and has certain default oversight rights on defaulted residential loans. In addition, the Company owns the most subordinated class of asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts and has the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits from the securitization trust that could potentially be significant to the securitization trust. The Company assesses modifications to VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine if a significant reconsideration event has occurred that would change the Company's initial consolidation assessment.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Examples of estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of the fair values of financial instruments, interest income on mortgage-backed securities, allowance for loan losses and other-than-temporary impairment charges. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Translation of Foreign Currencies
The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is U.S. dollars. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transactions. At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at the rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Gains and losses arising on revaluation are included in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company generally hedges interest rate and foreign currency exposure with derivative financial instruments. Refer to Note 8 - "Derivatives and Hedging Activities" for further information.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company discloses the fair value of its financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (Levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company is required to provide enhanced disclosures regarding instruments in the Level 3 category (which require significant management judgment), including a separate reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for each major category of assets and liabilities.
To determine fair value of its financial instruments, the Company generally obtains one price per instrument from its primary valuation service. If this service cannot provide a price, the Company will seek a value from other vendors. The valuation services use various observable inputs which may include a combination of benchmark yields, trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, bids, offers and benchmark securities to determine prices. Both the Company and the pricing vendor continuously monitor market indicators and economic events to determine if any may have an impact on the valuations.
Overrides of prices from pricing vendors are rare in the current market environment for the assets the Company holds. Examples of instances that would cause an override include if the Company recently traded the same security or there is an indication of market activity that would cause the vendor price to be unreliable. In the rare instance where a price is adjusted, the Company has a control process to monitor the reason for such adjustment.
To gain comfort that vendor prices are representative of current market information, the Company compares the transaction prices of security purchases and sales to the valuation levels provided by the vendors. Price differences exceeding pre-defined tolerance levels are identified and investigated and may be challenged. Trends are monitored over time and if there are indications that the valuations are not comparable to market activity, the vendors are asked to provide detailed information regarding their methodology and inputs. Transparency tools are also available from the vendors which help the Company understand data points and/or market inputs used for pricing securities.
In addition, the Company performs due diligence procedures on all vendors on at least an annual basis. A questionnaire is sent to vendors which requests information such as changes in methodologies, business recovery preparedness, internal controls and confirmation that evaluations are generated based on market data. Physical visits are also made to each vendor’s office.

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As described in Note 10 - "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," the Company evaluates the source used to provide the market price for each security and makes a determination on its categorization within the fair value hierarchy. If the price of a security is obtained from quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, the security is classified as a level 1 security. If the price of a security is obtained from quoted prices for similar instruments or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable, the security is classified as a level 2 security. If the inputs appear to be unobservable, the security would be classified as a level 3 security.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
The Company records its purchases of mortgage-backed securities on the trade date and classifies its mortgage-backed securities as available-for-sale investments. Although the Company generally intends to hold most of its mortgage-backed securities until maturity, the Company may, from time to time, sell any of its mortgage-backed securities as part of its overall management of its investment portfolio.
Available-for-sale mortgage-backed securities are measured at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses arising from changes in fair value, excluding other-than-temporary impairment, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders' equity, until sale or disposition of the investment. Upon sale or disposition, the cumulative gain or loss previously reported in stockholders' equity is recognized in income. Realized gains and losses from sales of mortgage-backed securities are determined based upon the specific identification method.
The Company considers its portfolio of Agency RMBS to be of high credit quality under applicable accounting guidance. For non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS, the Company does not rely on ratings from third party agencies to determine the credit quality of the investment. The Company uses internal models that analyze the individual loans underlying each security and evaluates factors including, but not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration to estimate the expected future cash flows. The Company places reliance on these internal models in determining credit quality.
While non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS with expected future losses are generally purchased at a discount to par, the potential for a significant adverse change in expected cash flows remains. The Company therefore evaluates each security for other-than-temporary impairment at least quarterly.
The determination of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired involves judgments and assumptions based on subjective and objective factors. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of recovery in fair value of the security, and (iii) the Company’s intent and ability to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
For debt securities, the Company recognizes in earnings and reflects as a reduction in the cost basis of the security the amount of any other-than-temporary impairment related to credit losses or impairments on securities that the Company intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will need to sell before recoveries. The amount of the other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities related to other factors is recorded consistent with changes in the fair value of all other available-for-sale securities as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity in other comprehensive income or loss with no change to the cost basis of the security.
Residential Loans Held-For-Investment
Residential loans held-for-investment are residential mortgage loans held by consolidated securitization trusts. Residential loans held-for-investment are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any premiums and an allowance for loan losses. The Company expects that it will be required to continue to consolidate the securitization trusts that hold the residential loans.
The Company establishes an allowance for residential loan losses based on the Company's estimate of credit losses. The Company calculates expected losses by estimating the default rate and expected loss severities on the loans. The Company considers the following factors in its evaluation of the allowance for loan losses:
•
Loan-to-value ratios, credit scores, geographic concentration and other observable data;
•
Historical default rates of loans with similar characteristics; and
•
Expected future macroeconomic trends including changes in home prices and the unemployment rate.



79

Commercial Loans Held-For-Investment
Commercial loans held-for-investment by the Company are carried at cost, net of any allowance for loan losses. An individual loan is considered impaired when it is deemed probable that the Company will not be able to recover its investment and any other anticipated futures payments. The Company generally considers the following factors in evaluating whether a commercial loan is impaired:
•
Loan-to-value ratios;
•
The most recent financial information available for each loan and associated properties, including net operating income, debt service coverage ratios, occupancy rates, rent rolls, as well as any other factors the Company considers relevant, including, but not limited to, specific loan trigger events that would indicate an adverse change in expected cash flows or payment delinquency;
•
Economic trends, both macroeconomic as well as those directly affecting the properties associated with the loans, and the supply and demand trends in the market in which the subject property is located; and
•
The loan sponsor or borrowing entity’s ability to ensure that properties associated with the loan are managed and operated sufficiently.
Where an individual commercial loan is deemed to be impaired, the Company records an allowance to reduce the carrying value of the loan to the current present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, with a corresponding charge to provision for loan losses on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Interest Income Recognition
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Interest income on mortgage-backed securities is accrued based on the outstanding principal balance of the securities and their contractual terms. Premiums or discounts associated with the purchase of mortgage-backed securities are amortized or accreted into interest income over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and the Company’s purchase price. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including the rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and the Company's interest income.
Residential Loans
The Company recognizes interest income from residential loans on an accrual basis and amortizes the related premiums into interest income using the effective interest method over the weighted average life of these loans. In estimating the weighted average life of these loans, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to estimation, including the rate and timing of principal payments, defaults, loss severity given default and other factors. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due, at which point the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest previously accrued for loans that have been placed on non-accrual status is reversed against interest income in the period the loan is placed in nonaccrual status. Residential loans delinquent more than 90 days or in foreclosure are characterized as delinquent. Cash principal and interest that is advanced from servicers after a loan becomes greater than 90 days past due is recorded as a liability due to the servicer. When a delinquent loan previously placed on nonaccrual status has cured, meaning all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternatively, nonaccrual loans may be placed back on accrual status if restructured and after the loan is considered re-performing. A restructured loan is considered re-performing when the loan has been current for at least 12 months.
Commercial Loans
The Company recognizes interest income from commercial loans when earned and deemed collectible, or until a loan becomes past due based on the terms of the loan agreement. Any related originating fees, net of origination cost are amortized into interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Interest received after a loan becomes past due or impaired is used to reduce the outstanding loan principal balance. When a delinquent loan previously placed on nonaccrual status has cured, meaning all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternately, loans that have been individually impaired may be placed back on accrual status if restructured and after the loan is considered re-performing. A restructured loan is considered re-performing when the loan has been current for at least 12 months.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments that have original or remaining maturity dates of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2014, the Company had cash and cash equivalents in excess of the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 per institution. The Company mitigates its risk of loss by actively monitoring the counterparties.
Due from Counterparties / Collateral Held Payable
Due from counterparties represents cash posted with the Company's counterparties as collateral for the Company’s derivatives and repurchase agreements. Collateral held payable represents cash posted with the Company by counterparties as collateral under the Company’s derivatives and repurchase agreements. To the extent the Company receives collateral other than cash from its counterparties, such assets are not included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company either sells such assets or pledges the assets as collateral pursuant to a repurchase agreement, the cash received and the corresponding liability is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets.
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures
The Company’s non-controlling investments in unconsolidated ventures are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are accounted for under the equity method. Capital contributions, distributions, profits and losses of the entities are allocated in accordance with the terms of the entities’ operating agreements. Such allocations may differ from the stated percentage interests, if any, as a result of preferred returns and allocation formulas as described in the entities' operating agreements.
Deferred Securitization and Financing Costs
Deferred costs consist of costs associated with the issuance of asset-backed securities by consolidated securitization trusts and costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company's exchangeable senior notes. These costs include underwriting, rating agency, legal, accounting and other fees. Deferred costs are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method based upon actual repayments of the asset-backed securities or over the stated legal maturity of the exchangeable senior notes.
Repurchase Agreements
The Company finances its purchases of mortgage-backed securities primarily through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements.
In instances where the Company acquires mortgage-backed securities through repurchase agreements with the same counterparty from whom such assets were purchased, the Company records the assets and the related financing on a gross basis on its consolidated balance sheets, and the corresponding interest income and interest expense on a gross basis in its consolidated statements of operations if all of the following criteria are met:
•
the initial transfer of and repurchase financing are not contractually contingent;
•
the repurchase financing entered into between the parties provides full recourse to the transferee and the repurchase price is fixed;
•
the financial asset has an active market and the transfer is executed at market rates; and
•
the repurchase agreement and financial asset do not mature simultaneously.
The Company currently reflects all proceeds from repurchase agreement borrowings and repayment of repurchase agreement borrowings on a gross basis in its consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company records the cash portion of its investment in mortgage-backed securities as an investment related receivable from the counterparty on its consolidated balance sheets.
If a transaction does not comply with the criteria for gross presentation, the Company would account for the purchase commitment and repurchase agreement on a net basis and record a forward commitment to purchase such assets as a derivative instrument. The forward commitment would be recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in income.

81

Secured Loans
In March 2014, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI"). As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC may borrow funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured advances. FHLBI advances are treated as secured financing transactions and are carried at their contractual amounts.
Asset-Backed Securities Issued by Securitization Trusts
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are recorded at principal balances net of unamortized premiums or discounts.
Dividends and Distributions Payable
Dividends and distributions payable represent dividends declared at the balance sheet date which are payable to common stockholders, preferred stockholders, and an Invesco wholly-owned subsidiary, the non-controlling interest common unit holder of the Operating Partnership.
Earnings (Loss) per Share
The Company calculates basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding for that period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("OP Units"), exchangeable debt, and unvested restricted stock and uses the average share price for the period in determining the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has adopted an equity incentive plan under which its independent directors, as part of their compensation for serving as directors, are eligible to receive quarterly stock awards. In addition, the Company may compensate the officers and employees of its Manager and its affiliates under this plan pursuant to the management agreement.
Share-based compensation arrangements include share options, restricted and non-restricted share awards, performance-based awards and share appreciation rights. For awards to the Company's independent directors, compensation costs relating to share-based payment transactions are recognized in the consolidated financial statements, based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued on the date of grant. Compensation related to stock awards to employees of the Company's Manager and its affiliates is recorded at the estimated fair value of the award during the vesting period. The Company makes an upward or downward adjustment to compensation expense for the difference in the fair value at the date of grant and the date the award is earned.
Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs
Underwriting commissions and direct costs incurred in connection with the Company’s common and preferred stock offerings are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in-capital and preferred stock, respectively.
Comprehensive Income
The Company's other comprehensive income consists of net income, as presented in the consolidated statements of operations, adjusted for changes in fair value of mortgage-backed securities classified as available for sale securities, changes in the fair value of derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges, and amortization of repurchase agreement interest expense resulting from the de-designation of derivatives previously accounted for as cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses on the Company's mortgage-backed securities are reclassified into net income upon their sale or termination.
Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments
U.S. GAAP provides disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments; (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for; and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. U.S. GAAP requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

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The Company records all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts, such as credit default swaps, that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
Effective December 31, 2013, the Company voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting for its interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. No interest rate swaps were terminated in conjunction with this action, and the Company’s risk management and hedging practices were not impacted. However, the Company’s accounting for these transactions changed beginning January 1, 2014. All of the Company’s interest rate swaps had previously been accounted for as cash flow hedges under the applicable guidance. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, rather than in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Also, net interest paid or received under the interest rate swaps, which up through December 31, 2013 was recognized in interest expense, is now recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The interest rate swaps continue to be reported as derivative assets or derivative liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at their fair value.
As long as the forecasted transactions that were being hedged (i.e., rollovers of the Company’s repurchase agreement borrowings) are still expected to occur, the balance in AOCI from the interest rate swap activity up through December 31, 2013 will remain in AOCI and be recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as interest expense over the remaining term of the interest rate swaps. Refer to Note 8 - "Derivatives and Hedging Activities" for further information.
The Company evaluates the terms and conditions of its holdings of swaptions, futures contracts, currency forward contracts and to-be-announced ("TBA") securities to determine if an instrument has the characteristics of an investment or should be considered a derivative under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly swaptions, futures contracts, currency forward contracts and TBAs having the characteristics of derivatives are accounted for at fair value with such changes recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of these swaptions, futures contracts, currency forward contracts and TBAs is included in derivative assets or derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Income Taxes
The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT, commencing with the Company's taxable year ended December 31, 2009. Accordingly, the Company will generally not be subject to U.S. federal and applicable state and local corporate income tax to the extent that the Company makes qualifying distributions to its common stockholders, and provided the Company satisfies on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, the REIT requirements including certain asset, income, distribution and stock ownership tests. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which the Company lost its REIT qualification. Accordingly, the Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT could have a material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations and amounts available for distribution to stockholders.
A REIT’s dividend paid deduction for qualifying dividends to the Company’s stockholders is computed using its REIT taxable income as opposed to net income reported on the consolidated financial statements. REIT taxable income will generally differ from net income because the determination of REIT taxable income is based on tax regulations and not financial accounting principles.
The Company has elected to treat one of its subsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). In general, a TRS may hold assets and engage in activities that the Company cannot hold or engage in directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes.
If a TRS generates net income, the TRS can declare dividends to the Company which will be included in its taxable income and necessitate a distribution to its stockholders. Conversely, if the Company retains earnings at a TRS level, no distribution is required, and the Company can increase book equity of the consolidated entity. The Company has no adjustments

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regarding its tax accounting treatment of any uncertainties. The Company would recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as income tax expense, which would be included in general and administrative expenses.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period reported amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income or equity attributable to common stockholders.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
None
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued updated guidance that changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. Under the new guidance, a discontinued operation is defined as a component of an entity or group of components of an entity that is disposed of or is classified as held for sale and represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014 and interim periods within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issue. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued guidance that changes the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and repurchase financing arrangements. The new guidance aligns the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and repurchase agreements executed as a repurchase financing with the accounting for other typical repurchase agreements. These transactions would all be accounted for as secured borrowings. The guidance eliminates sale accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and supersedes the guidance under which a transfer of a financial asset and a contemporaneous repurchase financing could be accounted for on a combined basis as a forward agreement, which has resulted in outcomes referred to as off-balance-sheet accounting. In addition, the guidance requires additional disclosures. The guidance is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2014. Early application for a public company is prohibited. Certain disclosures under this guidance do not take effect until the first period beginning after March 15, 2015. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance that provides a measurement alternative for an entity that consolidates a collateralized financing entity ("CFE") and has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and financial liabilities of such CFE. If the CFE has elected the fair value option, the reporting entity would measure both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CFE by using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities. The guidance will require certain recurring disclosures and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not elected the fair value option for reporting the financial assets and financial liabilities of the CFEs that it consolidates as of December 31, 2014. Accordingly, the new guidance is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2015, the FASB issued guidance to simplify income statement presentation by eliminating the concept of extraordinary items. U.S. GAAP currently requires that a company separately classify, disclose and present extraordinary events and transactions. The guidance eliminates the concept of extraordinary items from U.S. GAAP. The existing requirement to separately present items that are of an unusual nature or occur infrequently on a pre-tax basis within income from continuing operations has been retained. The new guidance also requires similar separate presentation of items that are both unusual and infrequent. The standard is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, but only as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Upon adoption, a reporting entity may elect prospective or retrospective application. If adopted prospectively, both the nature and amount of any subsequent adjustments to previously reported extraordinary items must be disclosed. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued modifications to existing consolidation guidance for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2015, and requires either a retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements, as well as the available transition methods.



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Note 3 – Variable Interest Entities
The Company's maximum risk of loss in VIEs in which the Company is not the primary beneficiary at December 31, 2014 is presented in the table below.
$ in thousands
Carrying
Amount
 
Company's Maximum Risk of Loss
Non-Agency RMBS
3,061,647

 
3,061,647

CMBS
3,469,835

 
3,469,835

Total
6,531,482

 
6,531,482

Refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed Securities" for additional details regarding these investments.
As discussed in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of certain securitization trusts. The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company's consolidated securitization trusts as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Residential loans, held-for-investment
3,365,003

 
1,810,262

Accrued interest receivable
10,562

 
5,647

Deferred costs
5,032

 
3,386

Total assets
3,380,597

 
1,819,295

Accrued interest and accrued expenses payable
8,692

 
4,659

Asset-backed securities
2,929,820

 
1,643,741

Total liabilities
2,938,512

 
1,648,400

The Company’s risk with respect to each investment in a securitization trust is limited to its direct ownership in the securitization trust. The residential loans held by the consolidated securitization trusts are held solely to satisfy the liabilities of the securitization trusts, and the investors in the securitization trusts have no recourse to the general credit of the Company for the asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts. The assets of a consolidated securitization trust can only be used to satisfy the obligations of that trust. The Company is not contractually required and has not provided any additional financial support to the securitization trusts for the period ended December 31, 2014.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company invested in and consolidated five new securitization trusts. The following table presents the balances of the assets and liabilities of the newly consolidated securitization trusts before consolidation into the Company. The current period activity for the securitization trusts is reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
$ in thousands
2014
Residential loans, held-for-investment
1,816,638

Accrued interest receivable
6,056

Total assets
1,822,694

Accrued interest and accrued expenses payable
6,056

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
1,816,638

Total liabilities
1,822,694

The Company did not deconsolidate any securitization trusts during the year ended December 31, 2014.
Residential Loans Held by Consolidated Securitization Trust
Residential loans held by consolidated securitization trusts are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any premiums and discount and an allowance for loan losses. The residential loans are secured by a lien on the underlying residential property.

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The following table details the carrying value for residential loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Principal balance
3,332,192

 
1,783,983

Unamortized premium (discount), net
33,553

 
27,163

Recorded investment
3,365,745

 
1,811,146

Allowance for loan losses
(742
)
 
(884
)
Carrying value
3,365,003

 
1,810,262

The following table summarizes residential loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2014 by year of origination.
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
Total
Portfolio Characteristics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Loans
622

 
2,746

 
716

 
99

 
27

 
7

 
18

 
18

 
4,253

Current Principal Balance
465,218

 
2,092,439

 
613,351

 
100,761

 
25,910

 
3,006

 
17,632

 
13,875

 
3,332,192

Net Weighted Average Coupon Rate
3.73
%
 
3.53
%
 
3.32
%
 
3.40
%
 
3.77
%
 
3.71
%
 
5.03
%
 
4.74
%
 
3.53
%
Weighted Average Maturity (years)
29.32

 
28.47

 
27.96

 
26.42

 
25.90

 
24.41

 
23.58

 
22.51

 
28.36

Current Performance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
463,704

 
2,089,570

 
612,369

 
100,761

 
25,910

 
3,006

 
17,632

 
13,875

 
3,326,827

30 Days Delinquent
1,514

 
2,869

 
982

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,365

60 Days Delinquent
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

90+ Days Delinquent
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Bankruptcy/Foreclosure
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
465,218

 
2,092,439

 
613,351

 
100,761

 
25,910

 
3,006

 
17,632

 
13,875

 
3,332,192

The following table summarizes the geographic concentrations of residential loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2014 based on principal balance outstanding.
State
Percent
California
53.2
%
New York
6.0
%
Massachusetts
4.9
%
Illinois
4.3
%
Maryland
3.0
%
Other states (none greater than 4%)
28.6
%
Total
100.0
%
The following table presents future contractual minimum annual principal payments of residential loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2014.
$ in thousands
 
Scheduled Principal
December 31, 2014
Within one year
58,621

One to three years
124,341

Three to five years
135,132

Greater than or equal to five years
3,014,098

Total
3,332,192

Allowance for loan losses on Residential Loans Held by Consolidated Securitization Trusts
As discussed in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," the Company establishes and maintains an allowance for loan losses on residential loans held by consolidated securitization trusts based on the Company's estimate of credit losses.

86

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period
(884
)
 
—

Charge-offs, net
—

 
—

Reduction in (provision) for loan losses
142

 
(884
)
Balance at end of period
(742
)
 
(884
)
Asset-Backed Securities Issued by Securitization Trusts
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are recorded at principal balance net of unamortized premiums or discounts. Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are issued in various tranches and have a weighted average contractual maturity of 28.94 years and 29.45 years) at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The investors in the asset-backed securities are not affiliated with the Company and have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
The asset-backed securities are collateralized by residential loans held in the securitization trusts as summarized in the following table at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
ABS
 
Residential Loans
 
ABS
 
Residential Loans
$ in thousands
Outstanding
 
Held as Collateral
 
Outstanding
 
Held as Collateral
Principal balance
2,902,378

 
3,332,192

 
1,633,688

 
1,783,983

Interest-only securities
15,040

 
—

 
11,137

 
—

Unamortized premium
23,735

 
41,928

 
9,906

 
32,938

Unamortized discount
(11,333
)
 
(8,375
)
 
(10,990
)
 
(5,775
)
Allowance for loan losses
—

 
(742
)
 
—

 
(884
)
Carrying value
2,929,820

 
3,365,003

 
1,643,741

 
1,810,262

Range of weighted average interest rates
 2.8% - 4.0%
 
 
 
2.8% - 3.5%
 
 
Number of securitization trusts consolidated
10

 
 
 
5

 
 
The following table presents the estimated principal repayment schedule of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts at December 31, 2014 based on estimated cash flows of the underlying residential mortgage loans, as adjusted for projected prepayments and losses on such loans. The estimated principal repayments may differ from actual amounts to the extent prepayments and/or loan losses vary.
$ in thousands
 
Estimated principal repayment
December 31, 2014
Within one year
378,184

One to three years
624,221

Three to five years
475,730

Greater than or equal to five years
1,424,243

Total
2,902,378

Note 4 – Mortgage-Backed Securities
All of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, which is determined by obtaining valuations from an independent source. If the fair value of a security is not available from a third-party pricing service, or such data appears unreliable, the Company may estimate the fair value of the security using a variety of methods including other pricing services, repurchase agreement pricing, discounted cash flow analysis, matrix pricing, option adjusted spread models and other fundamental analysis of observable market factors.

87

The following tables present certain information about the Company’s MBS portfolio at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized
Premium
(Discount)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain/
(Loss), net
 
Fair
Value
 
Net Weighted
Average 
Coupon (1)
 
Period-
end
Weighted
Average
Yield (2)
 
Quarterly
Weighted
Average
Yield (3)
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
1,236,297

 
60,764

 
1,297,061

 
30,040

 
1,327,101

 
4.05
%
 
2.60
%
 
2.66
%
30 year fixed-rate
4,432,301

 
297,311

 
4,729,612

 
60,681

 
4,790,293

 
4.29
%
 
2.97
%
 
3.05
%
ARM*
531,281

 
9,068

 
540,349

 
6,433

 
546,782

 
2.83
%
 
2.27
%
 
2.29
%
Hybrid ARM
2,901,078

 
50,757

 
2,951,835

 
25,083

 
2,976,918

 
2.78
%
 
2.34
%
 
2.24
%
Total Agency pass-through
9,100,957

 
417,900

 
9,518,857

 
122,237

 
9,641,094

 
3.69
%
 
2.68
%
 
2.71
%
Agency-CMO(4)
1,957,296

 
(1,502,785
)
 
454,511

 
(3,616
)
 
450,895

 
2.34
%
 
4.57
%
 
3.62
%
Non-Agency RMBS(5)(6)
3,555,249

 
(583,890
)
 
2,971,359

 
90,288

 
3,061,647

 
3.70
%
 
4.12
%
 
4.86
%
GSE CRT(7)
615,000

 
25,573

 
640,573

 
(15,149
)
 
625,424

 
4.85
%
 
4.11
%
 
4.02
%
CMBS(8)
3,277,208

 
54,893

 
3,332,101

 
137,734

 
3,469,835

 
4.74
%
 
4.39
%
 
4.38
%
Total
18,505,710

 
(1,588,309
)
 
16,917,401

 
331,494

 
17,248,895

 
3.74
%
 
3.38
%
 
3.49
%
*Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM")

(1)
Net weighted average coupon (“WAC”) as of December 31, 2014 is presented net of servicing and other fees.
(2)
Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2014 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions but excludes changes in anticipated interest rates.
(3)
Quarterly weighted average portfolio yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the Company's average of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.
(4)
Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities, which represent 29.1% of the balance based on fair value.
(5)
Non-Agency RMBS held by the Company is 52.8% variable rate, 40.1% fixed rate and 7.1% floating rate based on fair value.
(6)
Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $405.5 million is non-accretable.
(7)
GSE CRT are general obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac that are structured to provide credit protection to the GSE issuer with respect to defaults and other credit events within reference pools of residential mortgage loans that collateralize MBS issued and guaranteed by such GSE.
(8)
CMBS includes commercial real estate mezzanine loan pass-through certificates, which represent 1.3% of the balance based on fair value.
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized
Premium
(Discount)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain, net
 
Fair Value
 
Net
Weighted
Average
Coupon (1)
 
Period-
end
Weighted
Average
Yield (2)
 
Quarterly
Weighted
Average
Yield (3)
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
1,637,988

 
83,799

 
1,721,787

 
22,494

 
1,744,281

 
4.02
%
 
2.54
%
 
2.61
%
30 year fixed-rate
6,494,723

 
435,680

 
6,930,403

 
(228,250
)
 
6,702,153

 
4.11
%
 
2.96
%
 
3.13
%
ARM
251,693

 
992

 
252,685

 
597

 
253,282

 
2.80
%
 
2.62
%
 
2.41
%
Hybrid ARM
1,764,472

 
9,470

 
1,773,942

 
(3,384
)
 
1,770,558

 
2.69
%
 
2.46
%
 
2.06
%
Total Agency pass-through
10,148,876

 
529,941

 
10,678,817

 
(208,543
)
 
10,470,274

 
3.82
%
 
2.80
%
 
2.90
%
Agency-CMO(4)
1,532,474

 
(1,051,777
)
 
480,697

 
(6,183
)
 
474,514

 
2.76
%
 
3.82
%
 
3.47
%
Non-Agency RMBS(5)(6)
4,217,230

 
(640,797
)
 
3,576,433

 
30,895

 
3,607,328

 
3.72
%
 
2.80
%
 
4.63
%
GSE CRT
144,500

 
22,163

 
166,663

 
1,318

 
167,981

 
7.13
%
 
3.82
%
 
5.85
%
CMBS(7)
4,630,363

 
(2,032,945
)
 
2,597,418

 
31,142

 
2,628,560

 
3.38
%
 
4.62
%
 
4.51
%
Total
20,673,443

 
(3,173,415
)
 
17,500,028

 
(151,371
)
 
17,348,657

 
3.63
%
 
3.30
%
 
3.51
%
 
(1)
Net WAC as of December 31, 2013 is presented net of servicing and other fees.
(2)
Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2013 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions but excludes changes in anticipated interest rates.
(3)
Quarterly weighted average yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the Company's average of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.
(4)
Agency-CMO includes interest only securities, which represent 25.0% of the balance based on fair value.
(5)
Non-Agency RMBS held by the Company is 61.1% variable rate, 33.9% fixed rate, and 5.0% floating rate based on fair value.
(6)
Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $438.1 million is non-accretable.
(7)
CMBS includes interest-only securities and commercial real estate mezzanine loan pass-through certificates, which represent 7.5% and 1.0% of the balance based on fair value, respectively.

88

The following table summarizes the Company's non-Agency RMBS portfolio by asset type as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
% of Non-Agency
 
December 31, 2013
 
% of Non-Agency
Re-REMIC
1,000,635

 
32.7
%
 
1,444,376

 
40.0
%
Prime
969,849

 
31.7
%
 
1,336,821

 
37.1
%
Alt-A
694,467

 
22.7
%
 
801,919

 
22.2
%
Subprime/reperforming
396,696

 
12.9
%
 
24,212

 
0.7
%
Total Non-Agency
3,061,647

 
100.0
%
 
3,607,328

 
100.0
%
The following table summarizes the credit enhancement provided to the Company's re-securitization of real estate mortgage investment conduit ("Re-REMIC") holdings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
  
Percentage of Re-REMIC Holdings at Fair Value
Re-REMIC Subordination(1)
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
0% - 10%
7.0
%
 
4.8
%
10% - 20%
4.4
%
 
3.5
%
20% - 30%
11.9
%
 
14.7
%
30% - 40%
26.1
%
 
25.2
%
40% - 50%
31.8
%
 
38.6
%
50% - 60%
15.2
%
 
8.5
%
60% - 70%
3.6
%
 
4.7
%
Total
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
(1)
Subordination refers to the credit enhancement provided to the Re-REMIC tranche held by the Company by any junior Re-REMIC tranche or tranches in a resecuritization. This figure reflects the percentage of the balance of the underlying securities represented by any junior tranche or tranches at the time of resecuritization. Generally, principal losses on the underlying securities in excess of the subordination amount would result in principal losses on the Re-REMIC tranche held by the Company.
The components of the carrying value of the Company’s investment portfolio at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are presented below.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Principal balance
18,505,710

 
20,673,443

Unamortized premium
549,816

 
646,189

Unamortized discount
(2,138,125
)
 
(3,819,604
)
Gross unrealized gains
439,706

 
291,725

Gross unrealized losses
(108,212
)
 
(443,096
)
Fair value
17,248,895

 
17,348,657

The following table summarizes the Company’s MBS portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Less than one year
440,471

 
101,251

Greater than one year and less than five years
7,997,709

 
5,958,852

Greater than or equal to five years
8,810,715

 
11,288,554

Total
17,248,895

 
17,348,657


89

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of the Company’s MBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
December 31, 2014
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
$ in thousands
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of Securities
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
10,897

 
(42
)
 
1

 
105,644

 
(1,395
)
 
6

 
116,541

 
(1,437
)
 
7

30 year fixed-rate
137,680

 
(2,662
)
 
5

 
1,756,894

 
(40,181
)
 
62

 
1,894,574

 
(42,843
)
 
67

ARM
24,074

 
(9
)
 
1

 
3,719

 
(23
)
 
1

 
27,793

 
(32
)
 
2

Hybrid ARM
630,775

 
(1,544
)
 
28

 
20,361

 
(197
)
 
2

 
651,136

 
(1,741
)
 
30

Total Agency pass through
803,426

 
(4,257
)
 
35

 
1,886,618

 
(41,796
)
 
71

 
2,690,044

 
(46,053
)
 
106

Agency-CMO
36,723

 
(6,192
)
 
18

 
265,863

 
(9,481
)
 
10

 
302,586

 
(15,673
)
 
28

Non-Agency RMBS
573,122

 
(5,799
)
 
34

 
354,532

 
(11,990
)
 
21

 
927,654

 
(17,789
)
 
55

GSE CRT
306,603

 
(25,346
)
 
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
306,603

 
(25,346
)
 
13

CMBS
134,364

 
(277
)
 
11

 
227,452

 
(3,074
)
 
19

 
361,816

 
(3,351
)
 
30

Total
1,854,238

 
(41,871
)
 
111

 
2,734,465

 
(66,341
)
 
121

 
4,588,703

 
(108,212
)
 
232

December 31, 2013
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
$ in thousands
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of Securities
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
431,527

 
(4,964
)
 
18

 
11,100

 
(259
)
 
1

 
442,627

 
(5,223
)
 
19

30 year fixed-rate
3,710,679

 
(228,167
)
 
126

 
641,259

 
(56,754
)
 
27

 
4,351,938

 
(284,921
)
 
153

ARM
94,447

 
(968
)
 
7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
94,447

 
(968
)
 
7

Hybrid ARM
1,129,488

 
(9,715
)
 
48

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,129,488

 
(9,715
)
 
48

Total Agency pass through
5,366,141

 
(243,814
)
 
199

 
652,359

 
(57,013
)
 
28

 
6,018,500

 
(300,827
)
 
227

Agency-CMO
311,935

 
(16,599
)
 
13

 
8,883

 
(3,736
)
 
4

 
320,818

 
(20,335
)
 
17

Non-Agency RMBS
1,307,036

 
(58,326
)
 
76

 
91,651

 
(1,726
)
 
8

 
1,398,687

 
(60,052
)
 
84

GSE CRT
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

CMBS
1,118,270

 
(61,882
)
 
84

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,118,270

 
(61,882
)
 
84

Total
8,103,382

 
(380,621
)
 
372

 
752,893

 
(62,475
)
 
40

 
8,856,275

 
(443,096
)
 
412

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency RMBS were $46.1 million at December 31, 2014. Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS, the Company determined that at December 31, 2014, any unrealized losses on its Agency RMBS portfolio are temporary.
Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency-CMO, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS were $62.2 million at December 31, 2014. The Company does not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rate spreads, prepayment speeds and market fluctuations.

90

The following table presents the impact of the Company’s MBS on its accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
Years Ended December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on MBS at beginning of period
(151,371
)
 
523,725

 
(1,218
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on MBS, net
482,865

 
(675,096
)
 
524,943

Balance at end of period
331,494

 
(151,371
)
 
523,725

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 the Company reclassified $79.4 million of net unrealized losses, $199.4 million of net unrealized losses and $48.2 million of net unrealized gain respectively from other comprehensive income into gain (loss) on sale of investments as a result of the Company selling certain investments. The following table summarizes the Company's gross realized gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
Years Ended December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Gross realized gains on sale of investments
16,353

 
39,131

 
61,254

Gross realized losses on sale of investments
(95,783
)
 
(238,580
)
 
(13,039
)
Net realized gains (losses) on sale of investments
(79,430
)
 
(199,449
)
 
48,215

The Company assesses its investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either “temporary” or “other-than-temporary.” The Company evaluates each security that has had a fair value less than amortized cost for three or more consecutive months for other-than-temporary impairment. This analysis includes evaluating the individual loans in each security to determine estimated future cash flows. Individual loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. To the extent a security is deemed impaired, the amount by which the amortized cost exceeds the security's market value would be considered other-than-temporary impairment.
The Company did not have other-than-temporary impairments for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
The following table presents components of interest income on the Company’s MBS portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
For the Year ended December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Coupon
Interest
 
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
 
Interest
Income
Agency
403,403

 
(106,116
)
 
297,287

Non-Agency
135,178

 
12,257

 
147,435

GSE CRT
22,964

 
(3,255
)
 
19,709

CMBS
159,363

 
(27,496
)
 
131,867

Other
59

 
—

 
59

Total
720,967

 
(124,610
)
 
596,357

 

91

For the Year ended December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Coupon
Interest
 
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
 
Interest
Income (Loss)
Agency
530,220

 
(161,149
)
 
369,071

Non-Agency
155,770

 
9,327

 
165,097

GSE CRT
630

 
(84
)
 
546

CMBS
140,094

 
(28,215
)
 
111,879

Other
194

 
—

 
194

Total
826,908

 
(180,121
)
 
646,787

 
For the Year ended December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Coupon
Interest
 
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
 
Interest
Income (Loss)
Agency
517,651

 
(157,239
)
 
360,412

Non-Agency
111,191

 
19,010

 
130,201

GSE CRT
—

 
—

 
—

CMBS
77,701

 
(1,395
)
 
76,306

Other
(89
)
 
—

 
(89
)
Total
706,454

 
(139,624
)
 
566,830


Note 5 – Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment
Commercial loans held-for-investment consist of a first mortgage loan, mezzanine loans and other subordinate interests purchased or originated by the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Number of
loans
 
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized (fees)/
costs, net
 
Carrying
value
 
Unfunded
commitment
First mortgage loan
1

 
19,978

 
41

 
20,019

 
1,623

Subordinate interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loans
4

 
71,643

 
(94
)
 
71,549

 
3,357

Other (1)
2

 
54,188

 
—

 
54,188

 
—

Total
7

 
145,809

 
(53
)
 
145,756

 
4,980

(1) Other subordinate interests include a B-note and a preferred equity investment.
December 31, 2013
$ in thousands
Number of
loans
 
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized (fees)/
costs, net
 
Carrying
value
 
Unfunded
commitment
First mortgage loan
1

 
20,000

 
88

 
20,088

 
2,000

Subordinate interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loans
3

 
44,624

 
(113
)
 
44,511

 
15,376

Total
4

 
64,624

 
(25
)
 
64,599

 
17,376

Refer to Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for the credit quality factors considered in evaluating commercial loans held-for-investment for impairment. These loans were not impaired, and no allowance for loan losses has been recorded as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.

92

Note 6 – Other Investments
The following table summarizes the Company's other investments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
FHLBI stock
62,500

 
—

Investments in unconsolidated ventures
43,998

 
44,403

Debt security
—

 
10,000

Total
106,498

 
54,403

IAS Services LLC is required to purchase and hold FHLBI stock as a condition of membership in FHLBI. The stock is recorded at cost.
The Company has invested in unconsolidated ventures that are managed by an affiliate of the Company's Manager. The unconsolidated ventures invest in the Company's target assets. Refer to Note 15 - "Commitments and Contingencies" for additional details regarding the Company's commitments to these unconsolidated ventures.
Note 7 – Borrowings
The Company has entered into repurchase agreements, secured loans and issued exchangeable senior notes to finance the majority of its portfolio of investments. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the Company’s borrowings at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
Amount
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Maturity
(Days)
 
Amount
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Maturity
(Days)
Repurchase Agreements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
9,018,818

 
0.35
%
 
18

 
10,281,154

 
0.38
%
 
19

Non-Agency RMBS
2,676,626

 
1.51
%
 
36

 
2,974,998

 
1.60
%
 
33

GSE CRT
468,782

 
1.55
%
 
27

 
113,066

 
1.49
%
 
42

CMBS
1,458,451

 
1.32
%
 
26

 
2,082,457

 
1.39
%
 
23

Secured Loans
1,250,000

 
0.37
%
 
3,472

 
—

 
—
%
 
—

Exchangeable Senior Notes
400,000

 
5.00
%
 
1,170

 
400,000

 
5.00
%
 
1,535

Total
15,272,677

 
0.81
%
 
335

 
15,851,675

 
0.86
%
 
60

The Company finances its residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" for a discussion of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements bear interest at a contractually agreed upon rate and have maturities ranging from one month to twelve months. Repurchase agreements are being accounted for as secured borrowings since the Company maintains effective control of the financed assets. Under the repurchase agreements, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require the Company to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls. In addition, the repurchase agreements are subject to certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2014.

93

The following tables summarize certain characteristics of the Company’s repurchase agreements at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties
Amount
Outstanding
 
Percent of Total
Amount
Outstanding
 
Company MBS
Held as Collateral
 
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
1,517,530

 
11.1
%
 
1,925,973

(1 
) 
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc
1,190,769

 
8.7
%
 
1,225,194

 
Royal Bank of Canada
1,057,798

 
7.8
%
 
1,278,612

 
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
979,247

 
7.2
%
 
1,157,265

(2 
) 
South Street Securities LLC
961,938

 
7.1
%
 
1,020,054

 
Banc of America Securities LLC
791,196

 
5.9
%
 
875,984

(3 
) 
ING Financial Market LLC
767,733

 
5.6
%
 
820,166

 
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc.
710,058

 
5.2
%
 
744,836

 
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
698,856

 
5.1
%
 
814,896

 
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC
682,193

 
5.0
%
 
716,989

 
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
627,071

 
4.6
%
 
754,706

 
Pierpont Securities LLC
601,222

 
4.4
%
 
627,534

 
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
589,950

 
4.3
%
 
632,002

 
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
559,658

 
4.1
%
 
622,749

 
Scotia Capital
521,778

 
3.8
%
 
542,044

 
KGS-Alpha Capital Markets, L.P.
407,920

 
3.0
%
 
430,241

 
All other counterparties (4)
957,760

 
7.1
%
 
1,071,019

 
Total
13,622,677

 
100.0
%
 
15,260,264

 
 
(1) Includes $276.1 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(2) Includes $20.3 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(3) Includes $106.8 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(4) Represents amounts outstanding with ten counterparties.
 

94

December 31, 2013
$ in thousands
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties
Amount
Outstanding
 
Percent of Total
Amount
Outstanding
 
Company MBS
Held as Collateral
 
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
1,809,896

 
11.8
%
 
2,203,883

(1 
) 
South Street Securities LLC
1,236,812

 
8.0
%
 
1,286,384

 
Banc of America Securities LLC
1,043,689

 
6.8
%
 
1,146,151

 
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
1,027,210

 
6.6
%
 
1,164,162

 
JP Morgan Securities Inc.
875,201

 
5.7
%
 
1,001,116

 
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
857,824

 
5.6
%
 
996,151

 
Pierpont Securities LLC
791,572

 
5.1
%
 
824,184

 
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc
787,462

 
5.1
%
 
809,230

 
RBS Securities Inc.
720,457

 
4.7
%
 
854,978

 
Royal Bank of Canada
710,705

 
4.6
%
 
850,870

 
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
691,599

 
4.5
%
 
758,761

 
ING Financial Market LLC
676,644

 
4.4
%
 
718,086

 
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc.
625,703

 
4.0
%
 
656,046

 
Nomura Securities International, Inc.
578,265

 
3.7
%
 
608,193

 
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC
493,906

 
3.2
%
 
518,775

 
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
471,372

 
3.1
%
 
499,106

 
Scotia Capital
443,534

 
2.9
%
 
461,066

 
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
423,405

 
2.7
%
 
468,939

 
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
404,094

 
2.6
%
 
423,598

 
KGS-Alpha Capital Markets, L.P.
202,677

 
1.3
%
 
214,033

 
All other counterparties (2)
579,648

 
3.6
%
 
615,665

 
Total
15,451,675

 
100.0
%
 
17,079,377

 
(1) Includes $133.8 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(2) Represents amounts outstanding with six counterparties.
Company MBS held by counterparties as security for repurchase agreements was $15.3 billion and $17.1 billion at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This represents a collateral ratio (Company MBS Held as Collateral/Amount Outstanding) of 112% and 111% for 2014 and 2013, respectively.
No cash collateral was held by the counterparties at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Secured Loans
In March 2014, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, became a member of the FHLBI. As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC may borrow funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured advances.
As of December 31, 2014, IAS Services LLC, had $1.25 billion in outstanding secured advances from the FHLBI and is approved for additional available uncommitted credit for borrowing of an amount up to $2.5 billion. These secured advances are due in 2024 and have floating rates based on three-month LIBOR or the three-month FHLB swap rate plus a spread. For the year ended December 31, 2014, IAS Services LLC had average borrowings of $707.8 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.36%.
The ability to borrow from the FHLBI is subject to the Company's continued creditworthiness, pledging of sufficient eligible collateral to secure advances, and compliance with certain agreements with FHLBI. Each advance requires approval by the FHLBI and is secured by collateral in accordance with FHLBI’s credit and collateral guidelines, as may be revised from time-to-time by the FHLBI.
As of December 31, 2014, the FHLBI advances were collateralized by CMBS with a fair value of $1.5 billion.
The FHLBI retains the right to mark the underlying collateral for FHLBI advances to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require IAS Services LLC to provide additional collateral. As discussed in Note 6 - "Other

95

Investments," IAS Services LLC is required to purchase and hold a certain amount of FHLBI stock, which is based, in part, upon the outstanding principal balance of secured advances from the FHLBI.
Exchangeable Senior Notes
In the first quarter of 2013, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Senior Notes (the “Notes”) due 2018. The total net proceeds to the Company after deducting financing expenses was $387.7 million.
The terms of the Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) by and among the wholly-owned subsidiary, as issuer, the Company, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes bear interest at 5.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning September 15, 2013. The Notes may be exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock at the applicable exchange rate at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date. The initial exchange rate for each $1,000 aggregate principal amount of the Notes is 42.0893 shares of the Company’s common stock, equivalent to an exchange price of approximately $23.76 per share, and the maximum exchange rate is 48.4027 shares of the Company's common stock, equivalent to an exchange price of approximately $20.66 per share. The initial and maximum exchange rates of the Notes are subject to adjustment in certain events. The Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Under the registration rights agreement between the Company and the initial purchasers of the Notes, the Company filed a prospectus supplement in August 2013 registering for resale 605,034 shares of common stock issuable upon exchange of the Notes. The Company may be required to register additional shares of common stock issuable upon exchange of the Notes from time to time at the request of holders as required by the registration rights agreement. Accrued interest payable on the Notes was approximately $5.9 million and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Note 8 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, credit and foreign exchange rate risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its investments, debt funding, and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings.
The Company also utilizes credit derivatives such as credit default swaps (“CDS”) to provide credit event protection based on a financial index or specific security in exchange for receiving a fixed-rate fee or premium over the term of the contract. These instruments enable the Company to synthetically assume the credit risk of a reference security, portfolio of securities or index of securities. The counterparty pays a premium to the Company, and the Company agrees to make a payment to compensate the counterparty for losses upon the occurrence of a specified credit event. Although contract specific, credit events generally include bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring, obligation acceleration, obligation default, or repudiation/moratorium. Upon the occurrence of a defined credit event, amounts due to the counterparty as set forth by the terms of the CDS agreement would be recorded as a realized loss in the consolidated statements of operations.
Credit Derivatives
The Company's only CDS contract was entered into in the fourth quarter of 2010. The Company sold protection against losses on a specific pool of non-Agency RMBS in the event they exceed a specified loss limit of 25% of the balance of the non-Agency RMBS on the trade date. The maximum exposure is the remaining unpaid principal balance of the underlying RMBS in excess of the specified loss threshold. In exchange, the Company is paid a stated fixed rate fee of 3% of the notional amount of the CDS. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has not made any payments related to the CDS contract.

96

At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the open CDS sold by the Company is summarized as follows:
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Fair value amount
396

 
654

Notional amount
36,684

 
51,823

Maximum potential amount of future undiscounted payments
36,684

 
51,823

Recourse provisions with third parties
—

 
—

Collateral held by counterparty
5,642

 
7,979

Interest Rate Swaps
The Company's repurchase agreements are usually settled on a short-term basis ranging from one to twelve months. At each settlement date, the Company refinances each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. In addition, the Company's secured loans have floating interest rates. As such, the Company is exposed to changing interest rates. The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposures to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
Through December 31, 2013, the Company elected cash flow hedge accounting for its interest rate swaps. Under cash flow hedge accounting, effective hedge gains or losses are initially recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings while the ineffective portion is recorded on a current basis in earnings. Effective December 31, 2013, the Company voluntarily discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for its interest rate swaps to gain greater flexibility in managing interest rate exposures. Amounts reported in AOCI related to the cash flow hedges through December 31, 2013 will remain in AOCI and will be reclassified to interest expense, repurchase agreements on the consolidated statements of operations as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements over the remaining life of the interest rate swap agreements. The Company reclassified $85.2 million as an increase to interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2014. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that $66.8 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense, repurchase agreements.
The Company will continue to hedge its exposure to variability in future funding costs via interest rate swaps. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the consolidated statements of operations, consistent with the Company’s historical accounting for futures contracts, described below. Monthly net cash settlements under swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the consolidated statements of operations, prospectively.

97

As of December 31, 2014, the Company had the following interest rate derivatives outstanding: 
$ in thousands
Counterparty
 
 
 
 
Notional
 
Maturity Date
 
Fixed Interest
Rate
in Contract
Morgan Stanley Capital Services, LLC
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
1/24/2016
 
2.12
%
The Bank of New York Mellon
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
1/24/2016
 
2.13
%
Morgan Stanley Capital Services, LLC
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
4/5/2016
 
2.48
%
Credit Suisse International
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
4/15/2016
 
2.27
%
The Bank of New York Mellon
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
4/15/2016
 
2.24
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
5/16/2016
 
2.31
%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
5/24/2016
 
2.34
%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
6/15/2016
 
2.67
%
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
6/15/2016
 
2.67
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
6/24/2016
 
2.51
%
Citibank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
10/15/2016
 
1.93
%
Deutsche Bank AG
 
 
 
 
150,000

 
2/5/2018
 
2.90
%
ING Capital Markets LLC
 
 
 
 
350,000

 
2/24/2018
 
0.95
%
Morgan Stanley Capital Services, LLC
 
 
 
 
100,000

 
4/5/2018
 
3.10
%
ING Capital Markets LLC
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
5/5/2018
 
0.79
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
200,000

 
5/15/2018
 
2.93
%
UBS AG
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
5/24/2018
 
1.10
%
ING Capital Markets LLC
 
 
 
 
400,000

 
6/5/2018
 
0.87
%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
9/5/2018
 
1.04
%
Citibank, N.A. CME Clearing House
 
(2)
(3)
 
300,000

 
2/5/2021
 
2.50
%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc CME Clearing House
 
(2)
(3)
 
300,000

 
2/5/2021
 
2.69
%
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
200,000

 
3/15/2021
 
3.14
%
Citibank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
200,000

 
5/25/2021
 
2.83
%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
 
(1)
 
 
550,000

 
2/24/2022
 
2.45
%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
6/5/2023
 
1.91
%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
8/15/2023
 
1.98
%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA CME Clearing House
 
(3)
 
 
600,000

 
8/24/2023
 
2.88
%
UBS AG
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
11/15/2023
 
2.23
%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
12/15/2023
 
2.20
%
Total
 
 
 
 
10,550,000

 
 
 
2.13
%
 
(1)
Forward start date of February 2015
(2)
Forward start date of February 2016
(3)
Beginning June 10, 2013, The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act mandates that the Company clear new interest rate swap transactions through a central counterparty. Transactions that are centrally cleared result in the Company facing a clearing house, rather than a swap dealer, as counterparty. Central clearing requires the Company to post collateral in the form of initial and variation margin to the clearing house which reduces default risk.
At December 31, 2014, the Company’s counterparties held $57.6 million in cash margin deposits and approximately $230.6 million in Agency RMBS as collateral against its interest rate swaps, CDS, TBAs, currency forward contracts and futures contracts. In addition, several counterparties posted securities of approximately $10.8 million and $14.9 million of cash as collateral with the Company. Cash margin posted by the Company is classified as due from counterparties, and cash margin posted by counterparties that are restricted in use, if any, is classified as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not have any restricted cash. The Agency RMBS collateral posted by the Company is included in mortgage-backed securities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Cash collateral that is not restricted for use by the Company is included in cash and cash equivalents and the liability to return the collateral is included in collateral held payable on the consolidated balance sheets. Non-cash collateral posted by counterparties to the Company would be recognized if any

98

counterparty defaults or if the Company sold the pledged collateral. As of December 31, 2014, the Company did not recognize any non-cash collateral held as collateral.
Interest Rate Swaptions
The Company has purchased interest rate swaptions to help mitigate the potential impact of increases or decreases in interest rates on the performance of a portion of the Company’s investment portfolio (referred to as “convexity risk”). The interest rate swaptions provide the Company the option to enter into interest rate swap agreements for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. The premium paid for interest rate swaptions is reported as an asset in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The premium is valued at an amount equal to the fair value of the swaption that would have the effect of closing the position adjusted for nonperformance risk, if any. The difference between the premium and the fair value of the swaption is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. If an interest rate swaption expires unexercised, the loss on the interest rate swaption would be equal to the premium paid. If the Company sells or exercises an interest rate swaption, the realized gain or loss on the interest rate swaption would be equal to the difference between the cash or the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap received and the premium paid. The Company had $23.3 million of realized loss for interest rate swaptions that expired unexercised during the year ended December 31, 2014. The Company sold swaptions during the year ended December 31, 2013, realizing a net gain of $56.3 million (2012: $0). For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company had $10.9 million of unrealized gain (2013: $17.0 million unrealized loss and 2012: $3.9 million of unrealized loss), which represent the change in fair value of our interest rate swaptions that are recognized directly in earnings.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaptions:
$ in thousands
Option
 
Underlying Swap
Swaption
Expiration
 
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Average
Months to
Expiration
 
Notional
Amount
 
Average
Fixed Pay
Rate
 
Average
Receive
Rate
 
Average
Term
(Years)
Payer
< 6 Months
 
7,738

 
51

 
2.33
 
750,000

 
3.13
%
 
3M Libor
 
6.7
Payer
> 6 Months
 
2,590

 
271

 
7.00
 
300,000

 
3.13
%
 
3M Libor
 
6.7
 
 
 
10,328

 
322

 
3.67
 
1,050,000

 
3.13
%
 
 
 
6.7
TBAs, Futures and Currency Forward Contracts
The Company purchases or sells certain TBAs and U.S. Treasury futures contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of the Company's portfolio. Realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with the purchases or sales of the TBAs and U.S. Treasury futures contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
The Company uses currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the Company's investments denominated in foreign currencies. Realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with the purchases or sales of currency forward contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.


99


The following table presents information with respect to our derivative instruments:
$ in thousands
 
Notional Amount as
of January 1, 2014
 
Additions
 
Settlement,
Termination,
Expiration
or Exercise
 
Notional Amount as
of December 31, 2014
 
Amount of Realized
Gain (loss), net on
Derivative
Instruments (excluding net interest paid or
received) for the year ended December 31, 2014
Interest Rate Swaptions
 
1,150,000

 
1,050,000

 
(1,150,000
)
 
1,050,000

 
(23,275
)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
12,800,000

 
—

 
(2,250,000
)
 
10,550,000

 
(28,758
)
Purchase of TBAs
 
—

 
591,000

 
(591,000
)
 
—

 
63

Sale of TBAs
 
—

 
2,745,000

 
(2,547,000
)
 
198,000

 
(10,906
)
Futures Contracts
 
100,000

 
1,377,000

 
(1,349,600
)
 
127,400

 
(11,489
)
Currency Forward Contracts
 
—

 
103,414

 
(67,726
)
 
35,688

 
2,178

Total
 
14,050,000

 
5,866,414

 
(7,955,326
)
 
11,961,088

 
(72,187
)
Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments, as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
$ in thousands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
 
As of December 31, 2014
 
As of December 31, 2013
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2014
 
As of December 31, 2013
Balance Sheet
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
 
Balance Sheet
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
Interest Rate Swaps Asset
 
22,772

 
256,449

 
Interest Rate Swaps Liability
 
253,468

 
263,204

CDS Contract
 
396

 
654

 
TBAs
 
558

 
—

Interest Rate Swaptions
 
322

 
2,365

 
 
 
 
 
 
Futures Contracts
 
89

 
2,591

 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency Forward Contracts
 
599

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Income Statement
The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
Year ended December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative
type for
cash flow
hedge
 
Amount of gain
(loss) recognized
in OCI on derivative
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated
OCI into income
(effective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
reclassified from
accumulated OCI 
into income
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain
(loss) recognized
in income on
derivative
(ineffective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
(ineffective portion)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
—

 
Interest Expense, Repurchase Agreements
 
(85,176
)
 
Gain (loss)
on derivative
instruments, net
 
—


100

Year ended December 31, 2013
$ in thousands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative
type for
cash flow
hedge
 
Amount of gain
(loss) recognized
in OCI on derivative
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated
OCI into income
(effective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
reclassified from
accumulated OCI 
into income
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain
(loss) recognized
in income on
derivative
(ineffective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
(ineffective portion)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
263,135

 
Interest Expense, Repurchase Agreements
 
(166,016
)
 
Gain (loss)
on derivative
instruments, net
 
535

Year ended December 31, 2012
$ in thousands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative
type for
cash flow
hedge
 
Amount of gain
(loss) recognized
in OCI on derivative
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated
OCI into income
(effective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
reclassified from
accumulated OCI 
into income
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain
(loss) recognized
in income on
derivative
(ineffective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
(ineffective portion)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
(182,272
)
 
Interest Expense, Repurchase Agreements
 
(142,982
)
 
Gain (loss)
on derivative
instruments, net
 
(369
)

$ in thousands
 
 
 
Amount of unrealized gain (loss)
recognized in income on derivative
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
 
Location of unrealized gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
 
Year ended December 31,
2014
 
Year ended December 31,
2013
 
Year ended December 31,
2012
CDS Contract
 
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
 
(258
)
 
(865
)
 
180

The following table summarizes the effect of interest rate swaps, swaption contracts, TBAs, futures contracts and currency forwards reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
$ in thousands
Year ended December 31, 2014
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or
exercise, net
 
 Contractual
interest expense
 
Unrealized
gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps
(28,758
)
 
(199,783
)
 
(223,944
)
 
(452,485
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(23,275
)
 
—

 
10,906

 
(12,369
)
TBAs
(10,843
)
 
—

 
(558
)
 
(11,401
)
Futures Contracts
(11,489
)
 
—

 
(2,502
)
 
(13,991
)
Currency Forward Contracts
2,178

 
—

 
599

 
2,777

Total
(72,187
)
 
(199,783
)
 
(215,499
)
 
(487,469
)

$ in thousands
Year ended December 31, 2013
Derivative instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or
exercise, net
 
 Contractual
interest expense
 
Unrealized
gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps Ineffectiveness
—

 
—

 
535

 
535

Interest Rate Swaptions
56,279

 
—

 
(17,048
)
 
39,231

Futures Contracts
(2,353
)
 
—

 
2,590

 
237

Total
53,926

 
—

 
(13,923
)
 
40,003



101

$ in thousands
Year ended December 31, 2012
Derivative instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or
exercise, net
 
 Contractual
interest expense
 
Unrealized
gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps Ineffectiveness
—

 
—

 
(369
)
 
(369
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
—

 
—

 
(3,863
)
 
(3,863
)
Total
—

 
—

 
(4,232
)
 
(4,232
)
The following table presents the impact of the Company’s derivative instruments on its accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
Years ended December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments at beginning of period
(6,066
)
 
(435,217
)
 
(395,926
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
—

 
429,151

 
(39,291
)
Reclassification of amortization of repurchase agreements interest expense to repurchase agreements interest expense
85,176

 
—

 
—

Balance at end of period
79,110

 
(6,066
)
 
(435,217
)
Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with each of its bilateral derivative counterparties. Some of those agreements contain a provision whereby if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default whereby repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.
The Company’s agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties provide that the Company could be declared in default of its derivative obligations if the following conditions occur:
•
The Company’s net asset value declines by certain percentages over a specified time period;
•
The Company’s stockholders’ equity declines by certain percentages over specified time periods;
•
The Company fails to maintain a minimum stockholders’ equity or market value of $100.0 million and $80.0 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2014, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk related to these agreements, was $197.9 million. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $230.6 million of Agency RMBS and $57.6 million of cash as of December 31, 2014. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2014, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value.
In addition, as of December 31, 2014, the Company has an agreement with a central clearing counterparty. The fair value of such derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk related to this agreement, was $57.8 million.
The Company was in compliance with all of the financial provisions of these agreements as of December 31, 2014.

Note 9 – Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain of the Company's repurchase agreements and derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide for a right of offset under master netting arrangements (or similar agreements), including in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. Assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements are presented on a gross basis in the consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables present information about the assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements (or similar agreements) and can potentially be offset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

102

Offsetting of Derivative Assets
As of December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Assets
presented
in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (1)
 

Collateral
Received
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
24,178

 
—

 
24,178

 
(5,277
)
 
(18,901
)
 
—

Total
24,178

 
—

 
24,178

 
(5,277
)
 
(18,901
)
 
—

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities, Repurchase Agreements and Secured Loans
As of December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Assets
presented
in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (2)(3)(5)
 

Collateral
Posted (2)(4)(5)
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
254,026

 
—

 
254,026

 
(235,908
)
 
(18,118
)
 
—

Repurchase Agreements
13,622,677

 
—

 
13,622,677

 
(13,622,677
)
 
—

 
—

Secured Loans
1,250,000

 
—

 
1,250,000

 
(1,250,000
)
 
—

 
—

Total
15,126,703

 
—

 
15,126,703

 
(15,108,585
)
 
(18,118
)
 
—

Offsetting of Derivative Assets
As of December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Assets
presented
in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (1)
 
Cash
Collateral
Received
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
262,059

 
—

 
262,059

 
(671
)
 
(48,607
)
 
212,781

Total
262,059

 
—

 
262,059

 
(671
)
 
(48,607
)
 
212,781

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities and Repurchase Agreements
As of December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Assets
presented
in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (2)(3)
 
Cash
Collateral
Posted (2)(4)
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
263,204

 
—

 
263,204

 
(263,204
)
 
—

 
—

Repurchase Agreements
15,451,675

 
—

 
15,451,675

 
(15,451,675
)
 
—

 
—

 
15,714,879

 
—

 
15,714,879

 
(15,714,879
)
 
—

 
—


103

 
(1)
Amounts represent derivatives in an asset position which could potentially be offset against derivatives in a liability position at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, subject to a netting arrangement.
(2)
Amounts represent collateral pledged that is available to be offset against liability balances associated with repurchase agreements, secured loans and derivatives.
(3)
The fair value of securities pledged against the Company's borrowing under repurchase agreements was $15.3 billion and $17.1 billion at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, including securities held as collateral that are eliminated in consolidation of $403.2 million and $133.8 million, respectively at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
(4)
Total cash received on the Company's derivatives was $14.9 million and $52.7 million at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Total non-cash collateral received on the Company's derivatives was $10.8 million and $207.0 million at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Total cash posted by the Company on its derivatives was $57.6 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(5)
The fair value of securities pledged against IAS Services LLC's borrowing under secured loans was $1.5 billion at December 31, 2014.
Note 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels are defined as follows:
•
Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•
Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
•
Level 3 Inputs – Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.
The following tables present the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
 
 
$ in thousands
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total at
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(1)
—

 
17,248,895

 
—

 
17,248,895

Derivative assets
89

 
23,693

 
396

 
24,178

Total assets
89

 
17,272,588

 
396

 
17,273,073

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
—

 
254,026

 
—

 
254,026

Total liabilities
—

 
254,026

 
—

 
254,026

 

104

 
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
 
 
$ in thousands
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total at
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(1)
—

 
17,348,657

 
—

 
17,348,657

Derivative assets
2,591

 
258,814

 
654

 
262,059

Total assets
2,591

 
17,607,471

 
654

 
17,610,716

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
—

 
263,204

 
—

 
263,204

Total liabilities
—

 
263,204

 
—

 
263,204

 
(1)
For more detail about the fair value of our MBS, refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed Securities."
The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements of the Company's credit default swap ("CDS") contract, which the Company has valued utilizing Level 3 inputs:
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period
654

 
1,519

Unrealized gains/(losses), net
(258
)
 
(865
)
Balance at end of period
396

 
654

The following table summarizes significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's CDS contract:
 
Fair Value at
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
CDS Contract
396

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Swap Rate
 
 
 
2.39
%
 
 
 
 
 
Discount Rate
 
 
 
0.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Spread
 
 
 
0.24
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Prepayment Rate
 
1.0% - 20.0%
 
5.46
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Default Rate
 
0.6% - 100.0%
 
4.15
%
 
 
 
 
 
Loss Severity
 
1.1% - 62.3%
 
39.35
%
 
Fair Value at
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
December 31, 2013
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
CDS Contract
654

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Swap Rate
 
 
 
2.39
%
 
 
 
 
 
Discount Rate
 
 
 
0.50
%
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Spread
 
 
 
0.25
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Prepayment Rate
 
1.0% - 20.0%   
 
5.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Default Rate
 
0.8% - 100.0%
 
4.89
%
 
 
 
 
 
Loss Severity
 
3.0% - 63.7%
 
43.31
%
These significant unobservable inputs change according to market conditions and security performance expectations. Significant increases (decreases) in swap rate, discount rate, credit spread, constant prepayment rate, constant default rate or loss severity in isolation would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the constant default rate would likely be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumptions used for swap rate, credit spread and loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for discount rate and constant prepayment rate. If the inputs had not changed during the year, the fair value of the CDS contract would have been $7,000 more than the actual fair value at December 31, 2014.

105

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
$ in thousands
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans, held-for-investment
3,365,003

 
3,399,964

 
1,810,262

 
1,709,385

Commercial loans, held-for-investment
145,756

 
147,497

 
64,599

 
64,599

Other investments
106,498

 
106,498

 
54,403

 
54,403

Total
3,617,257

 
3,653,959

 
1,929,264

 
1,828,387

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
13,622,677

 
13,630,571

 
15,451,675

 
15,459,452

Secured loans
1,250,000

 
1,250,000

 
—

 
—

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
2,929,820

 
2,930,422

 
1,643,741

 
1,543,217

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
379,500

 
400,000

 
368,250

Total
18,202,497

 
18,190,493

 
17,495,416

 
17,370,919

The following describes the Company’s methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments.
•
The fair value of residential loans held-for-investment is a Level 3 fair value measurement which is based on an expected present value technique. This method discounts future estimated cash flows using rates the Company determined best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for loans with similar characteristics and credit quality.
•
The fair value of commercial loans held-for-investment is a Level 3 fair value measurement. New commercial loans are carried at their unpaid principal balance until the end of the calendar year in which they were originated unless market factors indicate cost may not be a reliable indicator of fair value. Subsequent to the year of origination, commercial loan investments are valued on at least an annual basis by an independent third party valuation agent using a discounted cash flow technique.
•
In December 2012, the Company acquired a $10.0 million debt security from a repurchase lending counterparty. The debt security is included in “Other investments” as of December 31, 2013, and its fair value is a Level 3 fair value measurement based on an expected present value technique. The debt security was redeemed in March 2014 at carrying value.
•
The fair value of FHLBI stock, included in "Other investments," is a Level 3 fair value measurement. FHLBI stock may only be sold back to the FHLBI at its discretion at cost. As a result, the cost of the FHLBI stock approximates its fair value.
•
The fair value of investments in unconsolidated ventures, included in "Other investments," is a Level 3 fair value measurement. The fair value measurement is based on the net asset value per share of the Company's investments.
•
The fair value of repurchase agreements is a Level 3 fair value measurement based on an expected present value technique. This method discounts future estimated cash flows using rates the Company determined best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for repurchase agreements with similar characteristics and credit quality.
•
The fair value of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts is a Level 3 fair value measurement based on valuations obtained from a third party pricing service. There is not an active trading market for many of the underlying asset-backed securities. Accordingly, these securities are valued by the third party pricing service by discounting future estimated cash flows using rates that best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for securities with similar characteristics and credit quality.
•
The fair value of secured loans is a Level 3 fair value measurement. The secured loans have floating rates based on an index plus a spread. Accordingly, the interest rates on these secured loans are at market, and thus the carrying amount approximates fair value.
•
The fair value of the exchangeable senior notes issued is a Level 2 fair value measurement based on a valuation obtained from a third-party pricing service.

106

Note 11 – Related Party Transactions
The Company is externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the "Manager"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. Under the terms of the management agreement, the Manager and its affiliates provide the Company with its management team, including its officers, along with appropriate support personnel. Each of the Company’s officers is an employee of the Manager or one of its affiliates. The Company does not have any employees. The Manager is not obligated to dedicate any of its employees exclusively to the Company, nor are the Manager or its employees obligated to dedicate any specific portion of its or their time to the Company’s business. The Manager is at all times subject to the supervision and oversight of the Company’s Board of Directors and has only such functions and authority as the Company delegates to it.
The Company has invested $149.3 million as of December 31, 2014 (2013: $165.6 million) in money market or mutual funds managed by affiliates of the Company’s Manager. The investments are reported as cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Management Fee
The Company pays its Manager a management fee equal to 1.50% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity per annum. The fee is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears. For purposes of calculating the management fee, stockholders’ equity is equal to the sum of the net proceeds from all issuances of equity securities since inception (allocated on a pro rata daily basis for such issuances during the fiscal quarter of any such issuance), plus retained earnings at the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter (without taking into account any non-cash equity compensation expense incurred in current or prior periods), less any amount paid to repurchase common stock since inception, and excluding any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income (regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income). Stockholders' equity may be adjusted to exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP, and certain non-cash items after discussions between the Manager and the Company’s independent directors and approval by a majority of the Company’s independent directors.
The Manager has agreed to reduce (but not below zero) the management fee payable by the Company under the management agreement with respect to any equity investment managed by the Manager. The fee reduction occurs at the equity investment level.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company incurred management fees of $37.6 million (2013: $42.6 million; 2012: $35.7 million) of which $9.6 million (2013: $10.5 million; 2012: $9.3 million) was accrued but has not been paid.
Expense Reimbursement
The Company is required to reimburse its Manager for Company operating expenses incurred by the Manager, including directors and officers insurance, accounting services, auditing and tax services, filing fees, and miscellaneous general and administrative costs. The Company’s reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation.
The following table summarizes the costs originally paid by the Manager, incurred on behalf of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
Years ended December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Incurred costs, prepaid or expensed
5,954

 
4,449

 
3,138

Incurred costs, charged against equity as a cost of raising capital
213

 
418

 
249

Incurred costs, capitalized to other assets
—

 
7

 
28

Total incurred costs, originally paid by the Manager
6,167

 
4,874

 
3,415

Termination Fee
A termination fee is due to the Manager upon termination of the management agreement by the Company. The termination fee is equal to three times the sum of the average annual management fee earned by the Manager during the 24-month period before termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter.
Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity
Securities Convertible into Shares of Common Stock
The non-controlling interest holder of the Operating Partnership units, a wholly-owned Invesco subsidiary, has the right to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their operating partnership ("OP Units") for cash equal to the market value of an

107

equivalent number of shares of common stock, or at the Company’s option, the Company may purchase their OP Units by issuing one share of common stock for each OP Unit redeemed. The Company has also adopted an equity incentive plan which allows the Company to grant securities convertible into the Company’s common stock to the independent directors and employees of the Company's Manager and its affiliates.
Exchangeable Senior Notes
In the first quarter of 2013, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2018. Refer to Note 7 - "Borrowings" for further discussion of the Exchangeable Senior Notes.
Registration Rights
Upon completion of the Company's initial public offering, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with regard to the common stock and OP Units owned by wholly-owned subsidiaries of Invesco and any shares of common stock that the Manager may elect to receive under the management agreement or otherwise. Under the registration rights agreement, the Company has granted Invesco (i) unlimited demand registration rights to have the common stock and OP Units owned by Invesco and any shares of common stock granted to the Manager registered for resale and (ii) in certain circumstances, the right to “piggy-back” these shares in registration statements the Company might file in connection with any future public offering so long as the Company retains the Manager under the management agreement.
On March 12, 2013, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the Notes. Under the registration rights agreement, the Company has designated its automatic shelf registration statement filed on April 2, 2013 to be used for resales of the common stock, if any, issuable upon exchange of the Notes. The Company has filed a supplement to the underlying prospectus in that shelf registration statement to cover resales of the common stock by one noteholder and has agreed to file additional prospectus supplements if requested by noteholders to add such noteholders as selling securityholders. If the shelf registration statement ceases to be effective, additional interest will accrue on the Notes, subject to certain exceptions.
Common Stock
The Company has a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan (the “DRSPP”) that allows participating stockholders to purchase shares of common stock directly from the Company. DRSPP participants may also automatically reinvest all or a portion of their dividends in exchange for additional shares of common stock.
On January 28, 2013, the Company completed a public offering of 15,000,000 shares of its common stock and an issuance of an additional 2,250,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of their over-allotment option at $21.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $359.0 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering costs.
During the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company issued 15,505 (2013:1,770,106) shares of common stock at an average price of $16.52 (2013: $21.31) under the DRSPP. The Company received total proceeds of approximately $256,000 (2013: $37.7 million), net of issuance costs of $0 (2013:$219,000).
Preferred Stock
Holders of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum. These dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.
In September 2014, the Company completed a public offering of 6,200,000 shares of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series B Preferred Stock") at the price of $25.00 per share. Total proceeds were $149.9 million, net of issuance costs of $5.1 million. Holders of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum until December 27, 2024. After December 27, 2024, holders are entitled to receive dividends at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 5.18% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per annum. Dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears, with the first dividend payment date on December 29, 2014.
The Company may elect to redeem shares of preferred stock at its option after July 26, 2017 (with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock) and after December 27, 2024 (with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock) for $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. These shares are not redeemable, convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or any other securities of the Company prior to those times, except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company's qualification as a REIT or upon the occurrence of a change in control.

108

Share Repurchase Program
In December 2011, the Company's board of directors approved a share repurchase program to purchase up to 7,000,000 shares of its common shares with no stated expiration date. In December 2013, the Company's board of directors approved an additional share repurchase of up to 20,000,000 of its common shares with no expiration date.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, the Company repurchased 1,438,213 (2013: 10,720,003) shares of its common stock at an average repurchase price of $14.69 (2013: $14.97) per share for a net cost of $21.1 million (2013: $160.5 million), including acquisition expenses. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had authority to purchase 14,841,784 additional shares of its common stock through the share repurchase program.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company established the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan for grants of restricted common stock and other equity based awards to the independent directors and the executive officers of the Company and personnel of the Manager and its affiliates (the “Incentive Plan”). Under the Incentive Plan, a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock are currently reserved for issuance. Unless terminated earlier, the Incentive Plan will terminate in 2019, but will continue to govern the unexpired awards. The Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $282,000 (2013: $165,000; 2012: $166,000) related to the Company's non-executive directors for the year ended December 31, 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company issued 14,632 shares (2013: 8,946 shares; 2012: 8,767 shares) of restricted stock pursuant to the Incentive Plan to the Company’s non-executive directors. The fair market value of the shares granted was determined by the closing stock market price on the date of the grant.
The Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $290,000 (2013: $197,000; 2012: $170,000) for the year ended December 31, 2014 related to awards to employees of the Manager and its affiliates which is reimbursed by the Manager under the management agreement.
During March 2014, the Company issued 8,284 shares of common stock (net of tax withholding) in exchange for 12,599 restricted stock units that vested under the Incentive Plan. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company awarded 20,732 restricted stock units to employees of the Manager and its affiliates. During the year ended December 31, 2014, no units were forfeited.
Dividends
The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of the Company's common stock.
Date Declared
Dividends Declared Per Share
 
Amount
 
Date of Payment
2014
 
 
 
December 16, 2014
$
0.45

 
January 27, 2015
September 15, 2014
$
0.50

 
October 28, 2014
June 16, 2014
$
0.50

 
July 28, 2014
March 18, 2014
$
0.50

 
April 28, 2014
2013
 
 
 
December 17, 2013
$
0.50

 
January 28, 2014
September 16, 2013
$
0.50

 
October 28, 2013
June 17, 2013
$
0.65

 
July 26, 2013
March 19, 2013
$
0.65

 
April 26, 2013


109

The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock.
Date Declared
Dividends Declared Per Share
 
Amount
 
Date of Payment
2014
 
 
 
December 16, 2014
$
0.4844

 
January 26, 2015
September 15, 2014
$
0.4844

 
October 27, 2014
June 16, 2014
$
0.4844

 
July 25, 2014
March 18, 2014
$
0.4844

 
April 25, 2014
2013
 
 
 
December 17, 2013
$
0.4844

 
January 27, 2014
September 16, 2013
$
0.4844

 
October 25, 2013
June 17, 2013
$
0.4844

 
July 25, 2013
March 19, 2013
$
0.4844

 
April 25, 2013
The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock.
Date Declared
Dividends Declared Per Share
 
Amount
 
Date of Payment
2014
 
 
 
December 16, 2014
$
0.4844

 
March 27, 2015
November 4, 2014
$
0.5705

 
December 29, 2014

The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of the Company's preferred and common stock and their related tax characterization for the fiscal tax years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
 
 
 
 
Tax Characterization of Dividends
Fiscal Tax Year
 
Dividends Declared
 
Ordinary Dividends
 
Capital Gain Distribution
 
Carry Forward
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal tax year 2014(1)
 
1.937600

 
1.937600

 
—

 
—

Fiscal tax year 2013(2)
 
1.937600

 
1.937600

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series B Preferred Stock Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal tax year 2014(3)
 
0.570500

 
0.570500

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal tax year 2014
 
1.950000

 
1.776691

 
—

 
0.173309

Fiscal tax year 2013
 
2.300000

 
2.300000

 
—

 
—

(1)
Excludes preferred stock dividend of $0.4844 per share declared on December 16, 2014 having a record date of January 1, 2015, which for federal income tax purposes is a fiscal tax year 2015 dividend.
(2)
Excludes preferred stock dividend of $0.4844 per share declared on December 17, 2013 having a record date of January 1, 2014, which for federal income tax purposes is a fiscal tax year 2014 dividend.
(3)
Excludes preferred stock dividend of $0.4844 per share declared on December 16, 2014 having a record date of March 5, 2015, which for federal income tax purposes is a fiscal tax year 2015 dividend.

110

Note 13 – Earnings per Share
Earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 is computed as follows:
$ and share amounts in thousands
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Numerator (Income)
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
(216,823
)
 
130,769

 
334,490

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Income allocated to exchangeable senior notes
—

 
—

 
—

Income allocated to non-controlling interest
(2,301
)
 
1,486

 
4,123

Dilutive net income (loss) available to stockholders
(219,124
)
 
132,255

 
338,613

Denominator (Weighted Average Shares)
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
Shares available to common stockholders
123,105

 
132,714

 
115,559

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted stock awards
—

 
35

 
29

OP Units
1,425

 
1,425

 
1,425

Exchangeable senior notes
—

 
—

 
—

Dilutive Shares
124,530

 
134,174

 
117,013


The following potential common shares were excluded from diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2014 as the effect would be anti-dilutive: 16,836 (in thousands) for the exchangeable senior notes, respectively, and 44 (in thousands) for restricted stock awards. The following potential common shares were excluded from diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2013 as the effect would be anti-dilutive: 13,607 (in thousands) for the exchangeable senior notes.
Note 14 – Non-controlling Interest – Operating Partnership
Non-controlling interest represents the aggregate Operating Partnership Units in the Company's Operating Partnership held by a wholly-owned Invesco subsidiary. Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is based on the Unit Holders’ ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. The ownership percentage is determined by dividing the number of OP Units held by the Unit Holders by the total number of dilutive shares of common stock. The issuance of common stock (“Share” or “Shares”) or OP Units changes the percentage ownership of both the Unit Holders and the holders of common stock. Since an OP unit is generally redeemable for cash or Shares at the option of the Company, it is deemed to be a Share equivalent. Therefore, such transactions are treated as capital transactions and result in an allocation between stockholders’ equity and non-controlling interest in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2014, non-controlling interest related to the outstanding 1,425,000 OP Units represented a 1.1% interest (2013: 1.1%) in the Operating Partnership.
The following table presents the income (expense) allocated and distributions paid to the Operating Partnership non-controlling interest for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
 
Years ended December 31,
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Income (expense) allocated
(2,301
)
 
1,486

 
4,123

Distributions paid
2,850

 
3,491

 
3,705

As of December 31, 2014, distributions payable to the non-controlling interest were approximately $641,000 (2013: $713,000; 2012: $926,000).

111

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and contingencies may arise in the ordinary course of business.
Off Balance Sheet Commitments
As discussed in Note 6 - "Other Investments", the Company has invested in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of the Company’s Manager. The unconsolidated ventures are structured as partnerships, and the Company invests in the partnerships as a limited partner. The entities are structured such that capital commitments are to be drawn down over the life of the partnership as investment opportunities are identified. At December 31, 2014, the Company’s undrawn capital and purchase commitments were $31.0 million (2013: $5.4 million).
As discussed in Note 5 - “Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment”, the Company purchases and originates commercial loans. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has unfunded commitments on commercial loans held-for-investment of $5.0 million (2013: $17.4 million).
The Company has entered into agreements with financial institutions to guarantee certain obligations of its subsidiaries.  The Company would be required to perform under these guarantees in the event of certain defaults. The Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.

112

Note 16 – Summarized Quarterly (Unaudited)
The following is a presentation of selected unaudited results of operations for the quarters ended.
$ in thousands except share amounts
Q4 14
 
Q3 14
 
Q2 14
 
Q1 14
 
Q4 13
 
Q3 13
 
Q2 13
 
Q1 13
Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
148,655

 
144,043

 
151,920

 
151,739

 
160,168

 
157,539

 
168,736

 
160,344

Residential loans
27,185

 
22,713

 
20,471

 
17,704

 
13,679

 
13,417

 
6,889

 
137

Commercial loans
3,179

 
2,649

 
2,061

 
1,619

 
1,019

 
372

 
60

 
—

Total interest income
179,019

 
169,405

 
174,452

 
171,062

 
174,866

 
171,328

 
175,685

 
160,481

Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
46,050

 
45,756

 
47,822

 
49,071

 
79,061

 
73,695

 
68,463

 
66,328

Secured loans
1,177

 
1,223

 
176

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
5,621

 
5,620

 
5,613

 
5,607

 
5,620

 
5,621

 
5,622

 
1,160

Asset-backed securities
20,738

 
17,660

 
15,826

 
13,935

 
10,960

 
10,266

 
5,377

 
79

Total interest expense
73,586

 
70,259

 
69,437

 
68,613

 
95,641

 
89,582

 
79,462

 
67,567

Net interest income
105,433

 
99,146

 
105,015

 
102,449

 
79,225

 
81,746

 
96,223

 
92,914

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(90
)
 
(209
)
 
(50
)
 
207

 
134

 
87

 
663

 
—

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
105,523

 
99,355

 
105,065

 
102,242

 
79,091

 
81,659

 
95,560

 
92,914

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
1,006

 
(47,952
)
 
(20,766
)
 
(11,718
)
 
(142,530
)
 
(69,323
)
 
5,692

 
6,712

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
1,306

 
1,145

 
3,894

 
441

 
176

 
1,422

 
2,157

 
1,590

Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
(164,637
)
 
(3,704
)
 
(167,816
)
 
(151,312
)
 
(4,421
)
 
(6,887
)
 
53,314

 
(2,003
)
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
225

 
247

 
292

 
329

 
299

 
297

 
180

 
351

Other investment income (loss), net
(687
)
 
(1,358
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total other income (loss)
(162,787
)
 
(51,622
)
 
(184,396
)
 
(162,260
)
 
(146,476
)
 
(74,491
)
 
61,343

 
6,650

Expenses
13,976

 
13,293

 
13,066

 
12,531

 
14,193

 
13,204

 
13,850

 
11,897

Net income (loss)
(71,240
)
 
34,440

 
(92,397
)
 
(72,549
)
 
(81,578
)
 
(6,036
)
 
143,053

 
87,667

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
(816
)
 
394

 
(1,057
)
 
(822
)
 
(906
)
 
(63
)
 
1,493

 
962

Net income (loss) attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(70,424
)
 
34,046

 
(91,340
)
 
(71,727
)
 
(80,672
)
 
(5,973
)
 
141,560

 
86,705

Dividends to preferred stockholders
9,240

 
2,713

 
2,712

 
2,713

 
2,712

 
2,713

 
2,713

 
2,713

Undeclared cumulative dividends to preferred stockholders
(661
)
 
661

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
(79,003
)
 
30,672

 
(94,052
)
 
(74,440
)
 
(83,384
)
 
(8,686
)
 
138,847

 
83,992

Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
(0.64
)
 
0.25

 
(0.76
)
 
(0.60
)
 
(0.63
)
 
(0.06
)
 
1.03

 
0.65

Diluted
(0.64
)
 
0.25

 
(0.76
)
 
(0.60
)
 
(0.63
)
 
(0.06
)
 
0.95

 
0.64

Note 17 – Subsequent Events
The Company has reviewed subsequent events occurring through the date that these consolidated financial statements were issued, and determined that no subsequent events occurred that would require accrual or additional disclosure.

113

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule IV
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
As of December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Type
 
Description
 
Number of loans
 
Interest Rate
 
Maturity Date
 
Periodic Payment Terms(2)
 
Prior Liens
 
Face Amount of Mortgages
 
Carrying Amount of Mortgages
 
Principal Amount of Loans Subject to Delinquent Principal or Interest
Fixed Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $0 - $999,999
 
2,893

 
Fixed 2.7% to 5.9%
 
07/01/2033 to 06/01/2044
 
P&I
 
—

 
1,941,309

 
1,963,759

 
—

Fixed Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 1,000,000 - $1,999,999
 
422

 
Fixed 3.0% to 7.0%
 
03/01/2029 to 06/01/2044
 
P&I
 
—

 
493,888

 
501,080

 
—

Fixed Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 2,000,000 - $2,999,999
 
16

 
Fixed 3.3% to 3.9%
 
11/01/2042 to 04/01/2043
 
P&I
 
—

 
33,895

 
34,491

 
—

Fixed Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 3,000,000 and above
 
3

 
Fixed 3.4% to 3.8%
 
11/01/2042 to 01/01/2043
 
P&I
 
—

 
10,394

 
10,535

 
—

Adjustable Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held In Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 0 - $999,999
 
587

 
Hybrid ARM 2.6% to 6.4%
 
03/01/2037 to 08/01/2044
 
P&I
 
—

 
377,340

 
378,398

 
—

Adjustable Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held In Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 1,000,000 - $1,999,999
 
278

 
Hybrid ARM 2.4% to 6.3%
 
04/01/2037 to 08/01/2044
 
P&I
 
—

 
347,250

 
348,254

 
—

Adjustable Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held In Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 2,000,000 - $2,999,999
 
39

 
Hybrid ARM 2.4% to 5.5%
 
06/01/2037 to 07/01/2044
 
P&I
 
—

 
83,647

 
83,889

 
—

Adjustable Rate Residential Mortgage Loans Held In Securitization Trusts
 
Original Loan Balance $ 3,000,000 and above
 
15

 
Hybrid ARM 2.7% to 3.3%
 
06/01/2042 to 02/01/2044
 
P&I
 
—

 
44,469

 
44,597

 
—

Mezzanine Loans
 
Various
 
4

 
L+7% to 10.545% or Prime+9.35%
 
11/9/2015 to 4/26/2016
 
I
 
—

 
71,643

 
71,549

 
—

Other Subordinate Interests (1)
 
Various
 
2

 
L+7.2% or 3ML+6.5%
 
4/9/2015 to 8/1/2016
 
I
 
—

 
54,188

 
54,188

 
—

First Mortgage Loans
 
Hospitality
 
1

 
L+8.5% with 8.75% floor
 
10/31/2015
 
I
 
—

 
19,978

 
20,019

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
3,478,001

 
3,510,759

 
—

(1) Other subordinate interests include a B-note and a preferred equity investment.
(2) Principal and interest ("P&I"); Interest ("I")

114

Reconciliation of Carrying Value of Mortgage Loans on Real Estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Beginning balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,874,861

 
—

 
—

Additions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal amount of new loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,887,391

 
1,891,646

 
—

Premium (discount) on new loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,730

 
29,768

 
—

Capitalized interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
768

 
832

 
—

Amortization of premium (discount)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6,368
)
 
(2,632
)
 
—

Deductions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collection of principal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
256,061

 
43,869

 
—

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(142
)
 
884

 
—

Loss on foreign currency translation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,704

 
—

 
—

Ending balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,510,759

 
1,874,861

 
—



115

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Richard J. King
 
 
Richard J. King
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Date:
February 27, 2015
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
 
Signatures
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Richard J. King
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
February 27, 2015
 
Richard J. King
 
(principal executive officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Richard Lee Phegley, Jr.
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
February 27, 2015
 
Richard Lee Phegley, Jr.
 
(principal financial and accounting officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ G. Mark Armour
 
Director
 
February 27, 2015
 
G. Mark Armour
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Karen Dunn Kelley
 
Director
 
February 27, 2015
 
Karen Dunn Kelley
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ James S. Balloun
 
Director
 
February 27, 2015
 
James S. Balloun
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ John S. Day
 
Director
 
February 27, 2015
 
John S. Day
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Edward J. Hardin
 
Director
 
February 27, 2015
 
Edward J. Hardin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ James R. Lientz, Jr.
 
Director
 
February 27, 2015
 
James R. Lientz, Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

116