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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this report are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods of the years ending December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Certain items included in these statements are based on management’s estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the 2019 Annual Report.
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mistras Group, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. For subsidiaries in which the Company’s ownership interest is less than 100%, the non-controlling interests are reported in stockholders’ equity in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The non-controlling interests in net results, net of tax, is classified separately in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassification
Reclassification

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations as previously reported.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of a deferred income tax asset will not be realized. Financial accounting standards prescribe a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. These standards also provide guidance on de-recognition, measurement, and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions, accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosures required. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions are recognized as incurred within “provision for income taxes” in the consolidated statements of income. ASC 740-270, Income Taxes-Interim Reporting, requires the Company to use an estimated annual effective tax rate (EAETR) for calculating its tax provision for interim periods. At each interim period, the Company is required, with certain exceptions and limitations, to estimate its forecasted worldwide EAETR, which is applied to the Company's year-to-date consolidated ordinary income or loss resulting in the year-to-date income tax provision before considering items not included in ordinary income or loss. The tax effects of events or transactions not considered to represent ordinary income or loss are accounted for discretely in the interim period and are not included in the determination of the EAETR.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act, among other things, includes tax provisions relating to deferment of employer’s social security payments, net operating loss utilization and carryback periods, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property (QIP). The ultimate impact of the CARES Act may differ from the estimated impact the Company recorded during this interim period due to changes in interpretations and guidance that may be issued and actions the Company may take in response to the CARES Act. The Company will continue to assess the impact that various provisions will have on its business.

The Company continues to evaluate its deferred tax assets each period to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of these deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of March 31, 2020, management concluded that it is more likely than not that a substantial portion of the Company's deferred tax assets will be realized. As part of the Company's analysis, it considered both positive and negative factors that impact profitability and whether those factors would lead to a change in the estimate of the Company's deferred tax assets that may be realized in the future. In the current period, the Company began to see impacts on its business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company will continue to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, and any sustained or prolonged reductions in future earnings periods may change the Company's conclusions on whether it is more likely than not to realize portions of the Company's deferred tax assets.
The Company’s effective income tax rate was approximately 14% and 33% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was lower than the statutory rate primarily due to impairments recorded during the interim period for which no income tax benefits will be realized by us. However, this unfavorable impact on the Company's effective income tax rate was partially offset by income tax benefits of the CARES Act. The CARES Act provides a five-year carryback of net operating losses generated in years 2018-2020. As the statutory federal income tax rate applicable to certain years within the carryback period is 35%, carryback to those years of the Company's estimated 2020 annual tax loss provides a tax benefit in excess of the current federal statutory rate of 21%, resulting in an increased income tax benefit. The Company projects that the income tax effects of the CARES Act will result in additional income tax benefit recognized throughout the 2020 tax year as part of the estimated annual effective tax rate, and a cash refund in 2021 of taxes paid in prior years. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was higher than the statutory rate due to the impact of discrete items, the global intangible low-taxes income (GILTI), and executive compensation, and other provisions resulting from the December 22, 2017 passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and foreign tax rates different than statutory rates in the U.S
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2021, with certain amendments applied prospectively and others requiring retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted, with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. If early adoption is elected, all changes as a result of the standard must be adopted in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Revenue Revenue
The majority of the Company's revenues are derived from providing services on a time and material basis and are short-term in nature. The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606.  A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company's contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. The Company provides highly integrated and bundled inspection services to its customers. Some of the Company's contracts have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract providing both goods and services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is a relative selling price based on price lists.

Contract modifications are not routine in the performance of the Company contracts. Generally, when contracts are modified, the modification is to account for changes in scope to the goods and services that are provided. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are distinct, and, therefore, are accounted for as a separate contract.

The Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. The majority of the Company's revenue recognized over time as work progresses is related to its service deliverables, which includes providing testing, inspection and mechanical services to the Company's customers. Revenue is recognized over time based on time and material incurred to date which best portrays the transfer of control to the customer. The Company also utilizes an available practical expedient that provides for revenue to be recognized in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity’s performance completed to date. Fixed fee arrangements are determined based on expected labor, material, and overhead to be consumed on fulfillment of such services. Revenue is recognized on a cost-to-cost method tracked on an input basis.

The majority of the Company's revenue recognized at a point in time is related to product sales when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon shipment to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material and overhead.

The Company expects any significant remaining performance obligations to be satisfied within one year.
Contract Estimates

The majority of the Company's revenues are short-term in nature. The Company has many master service agreements (MSAs) that specify an overall framework and contract terms when the Company and customers agree upon services or products to be provided. The actual contracting to provide services or furnish products is triggered by a work order, purchase order, or some similar document issued pursuant to a MSA which sets forth the scope of services and/or identifies the products to be provided. From time-to-time, the Company may enter into long-term contracts, which can range from several months to several years. Revenue on such long-term contracts is recognized as work is performed based on total costs incurred to date in relation to the total estimated costs for the performance of the contract at completion. This includes contract estimates of costs to be incurred for the performance of the contract. Cost estimation is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company's project managers, engineers and financial professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the work to be completed include the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in the Company's project performance and the recoverability of any claims. Whenever revisions of estimates, contract costs and/or contract values indicate that the contract costs will exceed estimated revenues, thus creating a loss, a provision for the total estimated loss is recorded in that period.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are generally billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, generally at periodic intervals (e.g., weekly, bi-weekly or monthly). Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, the Company sometimes receives advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are aggregated on an individual contract basis and reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the end of each reporting period within accounts receivables or accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
 
The Company performs fair value measurements in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The fair value of contingent consideration liabilities was estimated using a discounted cash flow technique with significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 fair value measurement as defined in ASC 820. The significant inputs in the Level 3 measurement not supported by market activity include the probability assessments of expected future cash flows related to the acquisitions, appropriately discounted considering the uncertainties associated with the obligation, and as calculated in accordance with the terms of the applicable acquisition agreements.
Financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
The Company has evaluated current market conditions and borrower credit quality and has determined that the carrying value of its long-term debt approximates fair value. The fair value of the Company’s notes payable and capital lease obligations approximates their carrying amounts based on anticipated interest rates which management believes would currently be available to the Company for similar issuances of debt.
Leases LeasesThe Company leases certain office and operating facilities, machinery, equipment, and vehicles. Concurrent with the adoption of ASC 842, the Company recognized a right-of-use (ROU) asset and lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term for each lease agreement. The Company has elected not to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability for leases with terms of 12 months or less and will continue to recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has leases with both lease components and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, utilities, or other repairs and maintenance. For all asset classes, the Company decided to utilize the practical expedient to include both fixed lease components and fixed non-lease components in calculating the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company identified variable lease payments, such as maintenance payments based on actual activities performed or costs incurred, at lease commencement by assessing the nature of the payment provisions, including whether the payments are subject to a minimum charge. Many of the Company's leases include one or more options to renew. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option, the Company will include the impact of the option in the lease term for purposes of determining future lease payments. As the Company is unable to determine the discount rate implicit in its lease agreements, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate on the commencement date to calculate the present value of future payments.