UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

_____________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_____________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 001-37756

______________________________________________________________

Global Water Resources, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

______________________________________________________________

Delaware	90-0632193
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
21410 N. 19th Avenue #220, Phoenix, AZ	85027
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (480) 360-7775

_______________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	GWRS	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC (NASDAQ Global Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	x
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No

As of May 6, 2019, the registrant had 21,532,834 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	40
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	40
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	41
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	41
Item 5.	Other Information	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
Signatures		43

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
ASSETS
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
Property, plant and equipment	313,857		312,148
Less accumulated depreciation	(87,152	)	(85,093	)
Net property, plant and equipment	226,705		227,055
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	13,303		12,756
Accounts receivable — net	1,335		1,488
Due from affiliates	384		406
Accrued revenue	2,006		1,998
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	782		686
Total current assets	17,810		17,334
OTHER ASSETS:
Goodwill	2,642		2,639
Intangible assets — net	12,972		12,972
Regulatory asset	1,774		1,793
Deposits	128		128
Bond service fund and other restricted cash	442		441
Equity method investment	9		79
Other noncurrent assets	1		20
Total other assets	17,968		18,072
TOTAL ASSETS	262,483		262,461
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	316		604
Accrued expenses	8,083		7,465
Customer and meter deposits	1,464		1,460
Long-term debt and capital leases — current portion	75		47
Total current liabilities	9,938		9,576
NONCURRENT LIABILITIES:
Long-term debt and capital leases	114,594		114,507
Deferred revenue - ICFA	17,358		17,358
Regulatory liability	8,916		8,851
Advances in aid of construction	67,820		67,684
Contributions in aid of construction — net	10,598		10,670
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	4,597		4,350
Acquisition liability	934		934
Other noncurrent liabilities	680		660
Total noncurrent liabilities	225,497		225,014
Total liabilities	235,435		234,590
Commitments and contingencies (Refer to Note 16)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 21,530,470 shares issued as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.	215		215
Treasury stock, 59,174 shares at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.	(1	)	(1	)
Paid in capital	26,834		27,657
Retained earnings	—		—
Total shareholders' equity	27,048		27,871
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	262,483		262,461

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
REVENUES:
Water services	$	3,138		$	3,115
Wastewater and recycled water services	4,569			4,297
Unregulated revenues	16			13
Total revenues	7,723			7,425
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operations and maintenance	1,723			1,509
Operations and maintenance - related party	415			356
General and administrative	2,375			2,397
Depreciation	2,011			1,799
Total operating expenses	6,524			6,061
OPERATING INCOME	1,199			1,364
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Interest income	57			7
Interest expense	(1,360		)	(1,231		)
Other	1,068			323
Other - related party	27			(2		)
Total other expense	(208		)	(903		)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	991			461
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	(342		)	(141		)
NET INCOME	$	649		$	320
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.03		$	0.02
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.03		$	0.02
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.07		$	0.07
Weighted average number of common shares used in the determination of:
Basic	21,471,296			19,631,266
Diluted	21,493,436			19,669,994

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock Shares	Common Stock		Treasury Stock Shares		Treasury Stock			Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Total Equity
BALANCE - December 31, 2017	19,631,266	$	196	—		$	—		$	14,288		$	376		$	14,860
Dividend declared $0.07 per share	—	—		—		—			(695		)	(696		)	(1,391		)
Stock compensation	—	—		—		—			98			—			98
Net income	—	—		—		—			—			320			320
BALANCE - March 31, 2018	19,631,266	$	196	—		$	—		$	13,691		$	—		$	13,887
BALANCE - December 31, 2018	21,530,470	$	215	(59,174	)	$	(1	)	$	27,657		$	—		$	27,871
Dividend declared $0.07 per share	—	—		—		—			(888		)	(649		)	(1,537		)
Stock compensation	—	—		—		—			65			—			65
Net income	—	—		—		—			—			649			649
BALANCE - March 31, 2019	21,530,470	$	215	(59,174	)	$	(1	)	$	26,834		$	—		$	27,048

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	649		$	320
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred compensation	178			(9		)
Depreciation	2,011			1,799
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and discounts	50			11
Loss on equity investment	70			111
Other gains	(2		)	(41		)
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	7			25
Deferred income tax expense	247			114
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	146			149
Other current assets	(83		)	(57		)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	415			1,506
Other noncurrent assets	18			—
Other noncurrent liabilities	78			59
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,784			3,987
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(1,798		)	(1,101		)
Other cash flows from investing activities	—			64
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,798		)	(1,037		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Dividends paid	(1,537		)	(1,391		)
Advances in aid of construction	147			194
Principal payments under capital lease	(12		)	(1		)
Refunds of advances for construction	(11		)	—
Loan borrowings	31			—
Loan repayments	(36		)	(6		)
Debt issuance costs paid	(20		)	(17		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,438		)	(1,221		)
INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	548			1,729
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — Beginning of period	13,197			5,685
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH – End of period	$	13,745		$	7,414

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,303	$	6,915
Restricted Cash	442		499
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	13,745	$	7,414

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GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION, CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS, SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of Global Water Resources, Inc. (the “Company”, “GWRI”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) and related disclosures as of March 31, 2019 and for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. The December 31, 2018 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of their application as the Company’s most recent annual consolidated financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018. In our opinion, these financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the results for the interim period. The results of operations for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year, due to the seasonality of our business.

The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), under the rules and regulations of the SEC. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. The Company elected to take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that the Company is no longer an emerging growth company. The Company has elected to take advantage of some of the reduced disclosure obligations regarding financial statements. Also, as an emerging growth company the Company can elect to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has chosen to take advantage of this extended accounting transition provision.

Corporate Transactions

Sale of certain MXA and WMA contracts 

In September 2013, the Company sold its Wastewater Facilities Main Extension Agreements (“MXA”) and Offsite Water Management Agreements (“WMA") for the contemplated Loop 303 service area along with their related rights and obligations to EPCOR Water Arizona Inc. (“EPCOR”) (collectively the “Transfer of Project Agreement”, or “Loop 303 Contracts”). Pursuant to the Transfer of Project Agreement, EPCOR agreed to pay GWRI approximately $4.1 million over a multi-year period. As part of the consideration, GWRI agreed to complete certain engineering work required in the WMAs, which work had been completed prior to January 1, 2015. As the engineering work has been completed, the Company effectively has no further obligations under the WMAs, the MXAs, or the Transfer of Project Agreement. Prior to January 1, 2015, the Company had received $2.8 million of proceeds and recognized income of approximately $3.3 million within other income (expense) in the statement of operations related to the gain on sale of these agreements and the proceeds received prior to January 1, 2015 for engineering work required in the WMAs. The Company received additional proceeds of approximately $0.3 million in April 2015 and recognized those amounts as income at that time. The Company received the remaining $1.0 million of proceeds in March 2019 and recorded the amount in other income due to the completion of certain milestones between EPCOR and the developers/landowners.

Stipulated Condemnation of the Operations and Assets of Valencia Water Company, Inc.

On July 14, 2015, the Company closed the stipulated condemnation to transfer the operations and assets of Valencia Water Company, Inc. ("Valencia") to the City of Buckeye. Terms of the condemnation were agreed upon through a settlement agreement and stipulated final judgment of condemnation wherein the City of Buckeye acquired all the operations and assets of Valencia and assumed operation of the utility upon close. The City of Buckeye paid the Company $55.0 million at close, plus an additional $0.1 million in working capital adjustments. The City of Buckeye is obligated to pay the Company a growth premium equal to $3,000

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for each new water meter installed within Valencia’s prior service areas in the City of Buckeye, for a 20-year period ending December 31, 2034, subject to a maximum payout of $45.0 million over the term of the agreement.

Private Letter Ruling

On June 2, 2016, the Company received a Private Letter Ruling from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that, for purposes of deferring the approximately $19.4 million gain realized from the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, determined that the assets converted upon the condemnation of such assets could be replaced through certain reclamation facility improvements contemplated by the Company under Internal Revenue Code§1033as property similar or related in service or use. In June 2016, the Company converted all operating subsidiaries from corporations to limited liability companies to take full advantage of the benefits of such ruling.

Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code §1033, the Company would have been able to defer the gain on condemnation through the end of 2017. On April 18, 2017, the Company filed a request for a one-year extension to defer the gain to the end of 2018, which the IRS approved on August 8, 2017. On August 28, 2018, the Company filed a request to further defer the gain to the end of 2019, which the IRS approved on October 12, 2018. Following the most recent Private Letter Ruling extension, the Company expects an increase in capital expenditures for 2019 compared to 2018 to fully defer the remaining tax liability of approximately $2.0 million as of March 31, 2019.

Acquisitions

Turner Ranches Water and Sanitation Company

On May 30, 2018, the Company acquired Turner Ranches Water and Sanitation Company ("Turner"), a non-potable irrigation water utility in Mesa, Arizona, for total consideration of approximately $2.8 million in cash. Refer to Note 7 — "Acquisitions" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Turner acquisition.

Red Rock Utilities

On October 16, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Red Rock Utilities ("Red Rock"), an operator of a water and a wastewater utility with service areas in the Pima and Pinal counties of Arizona, for a purchase price of $5.9 million. The acquisition added over 1,650 connections and approximately 9 square miles of service area. Refer to Note 7 — "Acquisitions" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Red Rock acquisition.

Common Stock Offering

On July 20, 2018, the Company completed a public offering of 1,720,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $9.25 per share, for gross proceeds of $15.9 million, which included 220,000 shares issued and sold pursuant to the underwriter's exercise in full of its option to purchase additional shares. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company, which collectively totaled $1.3 million.

Arizona Corporation Commission (the “ACC”) Tax Docket

The Company had regulatory assets of $1.8 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and regulatory liabilities of $0.6 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 related to the Federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA") signed into law on December 22, 2017. Under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the tax effects of changes in tax laws must be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted. ASC 740 also requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be measured at the enacted tax rate expected to apply when temporary differences are to be realized or settled. Thus, at the date of enactment, the Company’s deferred income taxes were re-measured based upon the new tax rate. For the Company’s regulated entities, substantially all of the change in deferred income taxes is recorded as an offset to either a regulatory asset or liability because the impact of changes in the rates are expected to be recovered from or refunded to customers.

On December 20, 2017, the ACC opened a docket to address the utility ratemaking implications of the TCJA. The ACC considered the impact for regulated utilities, as it was expected that certain effects of the TCJA add to rate base and others reduce rate base. Numerous companies, including our regulated utilities, filed comments with the ACC in January 2018. The ACC subsequently approved an order in February 2018 requiring Arizona utilities to apply regulatory accounting treatment, which includes the use of regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities, to address all impacts from the enactment of the TCJA.

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On September 20, 2018, the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 76901, which set forth the reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Greater Tonopah and Northern Scottsdale utilities due to the TCJA.  Rate Decision No. 76901 adopted a phase-in approach for the reductions to match the phase-in of our revenue requirement under Rate Decision No. 74364 enacted in February 2014. In 2018, the aggregate annual reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Greater Tonopah, and Northern Scottsdale utilities was approximately $782,000. In 2021, the final year of the phase-in, the aggregate annual reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Tonopah, and Northern Scottsdale utilities will be approximately $1.1 million. The ACC also approved a carrying cost of 4.25% on regulatory liabilities resulting from the difference of the fully phased-in rates to be applied in 2021 versus the phased-in rates refunded in the years leading up to 2021 (i.e. 2018 through 2020). 

Rate Decision No. 76901, however, did not address the impacts of the TCJA on accumulated deferred income taxes (“ADIT”), including excess ADIT (“EADIT”).  The ACC requested the Company to submit a proposal by December 19, 2018 regarding the impact of the TCJA on its ADIT as of January 1, 2018, and the related EADIT amortization methods for both the plant-related (the protected element of EADIT) and the non-plant related (the unprotected portion of EADIT) assets, as appropriate. On December 19, 2018, the Company submitted the required filing and proposed that as part of a required July 1, 2019 filing, it will propose revised tariffs that incorporate the appropriate rate impacts.

Previously, the ACC Chairman noted that there may be some unintended consequences related to the tax treatment of contributions in aid of construction ("CIAC") and advances in aid of construction ("AIAC"), which are now taxable with the enactment of the TCJA. Following receipt of comments from various parties, including from us, and a recommendation from the ACC Staff, the ACC adopted an order in November 2018 relating to the funding for income taxes on CIACs and AIACs that provides for the following: 1) requires that under the hybrid sharing method, a contributor will pay a gross-up to the utility consisting of 55% of the income tax expense with the utility covering the remaining 45% of the income tax expense; 2) removes the full gross-up method option for Class A and B utilities and their affiliates (which includes all of our utilities); 3) ensures proper ratemaking treatment of a utility using the self-pay method; 4) clarifies that pass-through entities that are owned by a “C” corporation can recover tax expense according to methods allowed; and 5) requires Class A and B utilities to self-pay the taxes associated with hook-up fee contributions but permits using a portion of the hook-up fees to fund these taxes. The ACC amended the November order by issuing Decision No. 77084 on February 20, 2019 and Decision No. 77104 on February 28, 2019, which imposed additional limits on grossing up CIAC, which we do not believe will be material to us, and modified certain provisions for Class C utilities.

Recent Rate Case Activity

ACC Rate Case

On March 20, 2019, the Company filed a motion with the ACC to request an order for certain of our utilities to file a rate case. Thereafter, on April 26, 2019, the ACC issued Decision No. 77168, which requires all of our utilities to file a rate case no later than June 30, 2020, using the twelve months ending December 31, 2019 as the test year for the rate case.  The outcome of the new rate case cannot be predicted, but we anticipate that new rates would not take effect before the second half of 2021. We are in the initial stages of evaluating and preparing for the rate case, but we anticipate requesting a moderate increase in rates. There is no guarantee that the ACC will approve a rate increase or whether the ACC will take any other actions a result of the rate case, including a decision to decrease future rates.

Significant Accounting Policies

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had 498,103 options outstanding to acquire an equivalent number of shares of GWRI common stock. As of March 31, 2019, 100,000 options were included in diluted earning per share and had 22,140 common share equivalents. The remaining 398,103 options did not have any common share equivalents to be considered for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had 717,678 options outstanding of which 275,000 options were included in diluted earnings per share and had 38,728 common share equivalents. The remaining 442,678 options did not have any common share equivalents to be considered for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share. See Note 14 – “Deferred Compensation Awards”.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09” or "ASC 606"), which completes the joint effort between the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to converge the recognition of revenue between the two boards. The new standard affects any entity using U.S. GAAP that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets not included within other FASB standards. The guiding principal of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for the delivery of goods and services. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted using either of two acceptable methods: (1) retrospective adoption to each prior period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients; or (2) adoption with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain disclosures. To assess at which time revenue should be recognized, an entity should use the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2019. The Company concluded its evaluation of the new revenue standards and implemented it on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts. The reported results for the first quarter of 2019 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the accounting standard in effect for those periods. The adoption of ASC 606 had no significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition compared to previously reported results; however, enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and the related cash flows arising from contracts with customers were made. Refer to Note 3 — "Revenue Recognition" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and ending amounts for the periods shown on the statement of cash flows. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company adopted ASU 2016-18 during the first quarter of 2019 and applied the standard retrospectively for all periods presented. Accordingly, for the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company included restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown on the statement of cash flows and removed the change in restricted cash from the cash flows from investing activities. This change resulted in a decrease in net cash used in investing activities of $0.1 million as of March 31, 2018.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. Also, the amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reducing the costs of application, and make the definition of a business more operable. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2019. This standard is effective on a prospective basis, and therefore does not affect the accounting treatment for any previous transactions. The Company will evaluate the impacts of adopting ASU 2017-01 based on facts and circumstances prospectively as transactions occur.

Future Adoption of Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to record a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease obligation for lease arrangements with a term of greater than twelve months. ASU 2016-02 requires additional disclosures about leasing arrangements and requires the use of the modified retrospective method, which will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company is required to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2020. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases Topic 842, Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11"). ASU 2018-11 provides entities the option to elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to ASC 842 and lessors may elect not to separate lease and non-lease components when certain conditions are met. The ASU is effective when the entity adopts ASC 842, which will be January 1, 2020 for the Company. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements but does not expect a material effect.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the impairment test which requires entities to determine the implied fair value of goodwill to measure if any impairment expense is necessary. Instead, entities will record impairment expenses based on the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

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Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company is required to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 simplifies the accounting for share-based payments made to nonemployees so the accounting for such payments is substantially the same as those made to employees. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company is required to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements ("ASU 2018-09"). ASU 2018-09 clarifies, corrects errors in, or makes minor improvements to the accounting standards codification. The effective date of the standard is dependent on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company is required to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 ("ASU 2018-10"). ASU 2018-10 improves various aspects within ASC 842, such as rate implicit in the lease, lessee's reassessment of lease classification, lease term and purchase option, as well as many other aspects of the guidance. The ASU is effective when the entity adopts ASC 842, which will be January 1, 2020 for the Company. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) ("ASU 2018-13"). ASU 2018-13 changes the fair value disclosure requirements including new, eliminated, and modified disclosure requirements of ASC 820. Specifically, the ASU requires the addition of disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements with unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income and disclosure of the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 measurements. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (Topic 350) ("ASU 2018-15"). ASU 2018-15 amends ASC 350 to include in its scope implementation costs of a Cloud Computing Arrangement ("CCA") that is a service contract and clarifies that a customer should apply ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs should be capitalized in a CCA that is considered a service contract. Due to qualifying as an emerging growth company, the Company is required to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

2. REGULATORY DECISION AND RELATED ACCOUNTING AND POLICY CHANGES

Our regulated utilities and certain other balances are subject to regulation by the ACC and meet the requirements for regulatory accounting found within Accounting Standards Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations ("ASC Topic 980").

In accordance with ASC Topic 980, rates charged to utility customers are intended to recover the costs of the provision of service plus a reasonable return in the same period. Changes to the rates are made through formal rate applications with the ACC, which we have done for all of our operating utilities as described below.

On July 9, 2012, we filed formal rate applications with the ACC to adjust the revenue requirements for seven utilities (Water Utility of Greater Tonopah, Valencia Water Company - Greater Buckeye Division, Water Utility of Northern Scottsdale, Global Water - Santa Cruz Water Company, Global Water - Palo Verde Utilities, Valencia Water Company, and Willow Valley Water Company) representing a collective rate increase of approximately 28% over 2011 revenue levels. In August 2013, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with ACC Staff, the Residential Utility Consumers Office, the City of Maricopa, and other parties to the rate case. The settlement required approval by the ACC’s Commissioners before it could take effect. In February 2014, the rate case proceedings were completed and the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 74364, effectively approving the settlement agreement. The rulings of the decision include, but are not limited to, the following:

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• For the Company’s utilities referenced above, adjusting for the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and sale of Willow Valley Water Co., Inc. ("Willow Valley"), which occurred in 2015 and 2016, respectively, a collective revenue requirement increase of $3.6 million based on 2011 test year service connections, phased-in over time, with the first increase in January 2015 as follows (in thousands, not updated for the TCJA, refer to Note 1 — "Basis of Presentation, Corporate Transactions, Significant Accounting Policies, and Recent Accounting Pronouncements — Recent Rate Case Activity — ACC Tax Docket" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details):

	Incremental		Cumulative
2015	$	1,083	$	1,083
2016	887		1,970
2017	335		2,305
2018	335		2,640
2019	335		2,975
2020	335		3,310
2021	335		3,645

Whereas this phase-in of additional revenues was determined using a 2011 test year, to the extent that the number of active service connections increases from 2011 levels, the additional revenues may be greater than the amounts set forth above. On the other hand, if active connections decrease or we experience declining usage per customer, we may not realize all of the anticipated revenues.

• Full reversal of the imputation of CIAC balances associated with funds previously received under infrastructure coordination and financing agreements ("ICFAs"), as required in the Company’s last rate case. The reversal restored rate base or future rate base and had a significant impact of restoring shareholder equity on the balance sheet.

• The Company has agreed to not enter into any new ICFAs. Existing ICFAs will remain in place, but a portion of future payments to be received under the ICFAs will be considered as hook-up fees, which are accounted for as CIAC once expended on plant.

• A 9.5% return on common equity was adopted.

On September 20, 2018, the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 76901, which set forth the reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Greater Tonopah, and Northern Scottsdale utilities due to the TCJA. Rate Decision No. 76901 adopted a phase-in approach for the reductions to match the phase-in of our revenue requirements under Rate Decision No. 74364. Refer to Note 1 — "Basis of Presentation, Corporate Transactions, Significant Accounting Policies, and Recent Accounting Pronouncements — Corporate Transactions — ACC Tax Docket" for details regarding Rate Decision No. 76901.

The following provides additional discussion on accounting and policy changes resulting from Rate Decision No. 74364.

Infrastructure Coordination and Financing Agreements – ICFAs are agreements with developers and homebuilders whereby GWRI, the indirect parent of the operating utilities, provides services to plan, coordinate, and finance the water and wastewater infrastructure that would otherwise be required to be performed or subcontracted by the developer or homebuilder.

Under the ICFAs, GWRI has a contractual obligation to ensure physical capacity exists through its regulated utilities for water and wastewater to the landowner/developer when needed. This obligation persists regardless of connection growth. Fees for these services are typically a negotiated amount per equivalent dwelling unit for the specified development or portion of land. Payments are generally due in installments, with a portion due upon signing of the agreement, a portion due upon completion of certain milestones, and the final payment due upon final plat approval or sale of the subdivision. The payments are non-refundable. The agreements are generally recorded against the land and must be assumed in the event of a sale or transfer of the land. The regional planning and coordination of the infrastructure in the various service areas has been an important part of GWRI’s business model.

In February 2014, the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 74364, and concluded ICFA funds already received would no longer be deemed CIAC for rate making purposes. ICFA funds already received or which had become due prior to the date of Rate Decision No. 74364 were recognized as revenue once the obligations specified in the ICFA were met. Rate Decision No. 74364 prescribes that of the ICFA funds which come due and are paid subsequent to December 31, 2013, 70% of the ICFA funds will be recorded in the associated utility subsidiary as a hook-up fee (“HUF”) liability, with the remaining 30% to be recorded as deferred revenue, which the Company accounts for in accordance with the Company's ICFA revenue recognition policy. A HUF tariff, specifying the dollar value of a HUF for each utility, was approved by the ACC as part of Rate Decision No. 74364. The Company is responsible for assuring the full HUF value is paid from ICFA proceeds, and recorded in its full amount, even if it results in recording less than 30% of the ICFA fee as deferred revenue.

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The Company will account for the portion allocated to the HUF as a CIAC contribution. However, in accordance with the ACC directives the CIAC is not deducted from rate base until the HUF funds are expended for utility plant. Such funds will be segregated in a separate bank account and used for plant. A HUF liability will be established and will be amortized as a reduction of depreciation expense over the useful life of the related plant once the HUF funds are utilized for the construction of plant. For facilities required under a HUF or ICFA, the utilities must first use the HUF moneys received, after which, it may use debt or equity financing for the remainder of construction. The Company will record 30% of the funds received, up until the HUF liability is fully funded, as deferred revenue, which is to be recognized as revenue once the obligations specified within the ICFA are met, including construction of sufficient operating capacity to serve the customers for which revenue was deferred. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, ICFA deferred revenue recorded on the consolidated balance sheet totaled $17.4 million, which represents deferred revenue recorded for ICFA funds received on contracts that had become due prior to Rate Decision No. 74364. For ICFA contracts coming due after December 31, 2013, as funding is received approximately 30% will be added to this balance with the remaining 70% recorded to a HUF liability, until the HUF liability is fully funded at which time any funding greater than the HUF liability will be recorded as deferred revenue.

Intangible assets / Regulatory liability – The Company previously recorded certain intangible assets related to ICFA contracts obtained in connection with our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, and Sonoran acquisitions. The intangible assets represented the benefits to be received over time by virtue of having those contracts. Prior to January 1, 2010, the ICFA-related intangibles were amortized when ICFA funds were recognized as revenue. Effective January 1, 2010, in connection with the 2010 Regulatory Rate Decision, these assets became fully offset by a regulatory liability of $11.2 million since the imputation of ICFA funds as CIAC effectively resulted in the Company not being able to benefit (through rates) from the acquired ICFA contracts.

Effective January 1, 2010, the gross ICFAs intangibles began to be amortized when cash was received in proportion to the amount of total cash expected to be received under the underlying agreements. However, such amortization expense was offset by a corresponding reduction of the regulatory liability in the same amount.

As a result of Rate Decision No. 74364, the Company changed its policy around the ICFA related intangible assets. As discussed above, pursuant to Rate Decision No. 74364, approximately 70% of ICFA funds to be received in the future will be recorded as a HUF, until the HUF is fully funded at the Company’s applicable utility subsidiary. The remaining approximate 30% of future ICFA funds will be recorded at the parent company level and will be subject to the Company’s ICFA revenue recognition accounting policy. As the Company now expects to experience an economic benefit from the approximately 30% portion of future ICFA funds, 30% of the regulatory liability, or $3.4 million, was reversed in 2014. The remaining 70% of the regulatory liability, or $7.9 million, will continue to be recorded on the balance sheet.

Subsequent to Rate Decision No. 74364, the intangible assets will continue to amortize when the corresponding ICFA funds are received in proportion to the amount of total cash expected to be received under the underlying agreements. The recognition of amortization expense will be partially offset by a corresponding reduction of the regulatory liability.

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 606, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company identified its sources of revenue streams that fall within the scope of this guidance and applied the five-step model to all qualifying revenue streams to determine when to recognize revenue. The Company concluded that there is not a material change to how revenue was recognized before and after the adoption of ASC 606; therefore, no cumulative retained earnings adjustment was required.

Regulated Revenue

The Company's operating revenues are primarily attributable to regulated services based upon tariff rates approved by the ACC. Regulated service revenues consist of amounts billed to customers based on approved monthly fees and consumption fees, as well as unbilled revenues estimated from the last meter reading date to the end of the accounting period utilizing historical customer data recorded as accrued revenue. The measurement of sales to customers is generally based on the reading of their meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each month, the Company estimates consumption since the date of the last meter reading and a corresponding unbilled revenue is recognized. The estimate is based upon the number of unbilled days that month and the average daily customer billing rate from the previous month (which fluctuates based upon customer usage). The Company applies the invoice practical expedient and recognizes revenue from contracts with customers in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice. The Company has the right to invoice for the volume of consumption, service charge, and other authorized charges.

The Company satisfies its performance obligation to provide water and wastewater services over time as the services are rendered. Regulated services may be terminated by the customers at will, and, as a result, no separate financing component is recognized for the Company's collections from customers, which generally require payment within 15 days of billing. The Company applies judgment, based principally on historical payment experience, in estimating its customers' ability to pay.

The Company has elected to apply the sales tax practical expedient, whereby qualifying excise and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues.

Unregulated Revenue

Unregulated revenues represent those revenues that are not subject to the ratemaking process of the ACC. Unregulated revenues are limited to rental revenue and imputed revenues resulting from a portion of ICFA funds received. ICFAs are agreements with developers and homebuilders where the Company provides services to plan, coordinate, and finance the water and wastewater infrastructure that would otherwise be required to be performed or subcontracted by the developer or homebuilder. In return, the developers and homebuilders pay the Company an agreed-upon amount per dwelling unit for the specified development or portion of land. In addition, under ICFA agreements, the Company has a contractual obligation to ensure physical capacity exists through its regulated utilities for water and wastewater to the developer when needed. This obligation persists regardless of connection growth.

The Company believes that these services are not distinct in the context of the contract because they are highly interdependent with the Company’s ability to provide fitted capacity for water and wastewater services. The Company concluded that the goods and services provided under ICFA contracts constitute a single performance obligation.

IFCA revenue is recognized at a point in time when the Company has the necessary capacity in place within its infrastructure to provide water/wastewater services to the developer. The Company exercises judgment when estimating the number of equivalent dwelling units that the Company has capacity to serve.

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Disaggregated Revenues

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by major source and customer class are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
REGULATED REVENUE
Water Services
Residential	$	2,532	$	2,499
Irrigation	289		245
Commercial	160		165
Construction	30		56
Other water revenues	127		150
Total water revenues	3,138		3,115
Wastewater and recycled water services
Residential	4,174		3,851
Commercial	222		197
Recycled water revenues	80		145
Other wastewater revenues	93		105
Total wastewater and recycled water revenues	4,569		4,298
TOTAL REGULATED REVENUE	7,707		7,413
UNREGULATED REVENUE
Rental revenues	16		13
TOTAL UNREGULATED REVENUE	16		13
TOTAL REVENUE	$	7,723	$	7,426

Contract Balances

Our contract assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
CONTRACT ASSETS
Accounts receivable
Water services	$	683	$	795
Wastewater and recycled water services	815		838
Total contract assets1	$	1,498	$	1,633
CONTRACT LIABILITIES
Deferred revenue - ICFA	$	17,358	$	17,358
Refund liability - regulated2	477		340
Total contract liabilities	$	17,835	$	17,698

(1) The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily due to normal timing differences between performance and customer payments.

(2) The increase in refund liability is due to the phase-in approach approved in Rate Decision No. 76901. Refer to Note 1—"Basis of Presentation, Corporate Transactions, Significant Accounting Policies, and Recent Accounting Pronouncements — Corporate Transactions — ACC Tax Docket" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

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Remaining Performance Obligations

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted revenue expected to be recognized in future periods was approximately $17.4 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue once the obligations specified within the applicable ICFA are met, including construction of sufficient operating capacity to serve the customers for which revenue was deferred. Due to the uncertainty of future events, the Company is unable to estimate when to expect recognition of deferred revenue.

4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant, and equipment at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			Average Depreciation Life (in years)
Mains/lines/sewers	$	131,958		$	131,768		47
Plant	81,686			81,471			25
Equipment	37,787			37,392			10
Meters	13,649			13,606			12
Furniture, fixture and leasehold improvements	371			371			8
Computer and office equipment	669			639			5
Software	241			241			3
Land and land rights	897			897
Other	589			589
Construction work-in-process	46,010			45,174
Total property, plant and equipment	313,857			312,148
Less accumulated depreciation	(87,152		)	(85,093		)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	226,705		$	227,055

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Billed receivables	$	1,498		$	1,633
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(163		)	(145		)
Accounts receivable – net	$	1,335		$	1,488

6. EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT

On June 5, 2013, the Company sold Global Water Management, LLC (“GWM”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of GWRI, that owned and operated the FATHOM Water Management Holdings, LLP ("FATHOM™") business. In connection with the sale of GWM, the Company made a $1.6 million investment in FATHOM™ (the "FATHOM™ investment”). This limited partnership investment is accounted for under the equity method due to the FATHOM™ investment being considered more than minor.

The carrying value of the FATHOM™ investment consisted of a balance of $9,000 as of March 31, 2019 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2018, and reflects our initial investment, the adjustments related to subsequent rounds of financing, and our proportionate share of FATHOM™'s cumulative earnings.

7. ACQUISITIONS

Acquisition of Turner

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On May 30, 2018, the Company acquired all of the equity of Turner, a rate regulated non-potable irrigation water utility in Mesa, Arizona, for total consideration of $2.8 million. This acquisition is consistent with the Company's declared strategy of making accretive acquisitions. At the time of acquisition, Turner had 963 residential irrigation connections and approximately seven square miles of service area. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC Topic 805, "Business Combinations." The purchase price was allocated to the acquired utility assets and liabilities assumed based on the seller's book value at acquisition as the historical cost of these assets and liabilities will be the amounts that will continue to be reflected in customer rates.

A preliminary purchase price allocation of the net assets acquired in the transaction is as follows (in thousands):

Net assets acquired:
Cash	$	176
Accounts receivable	121
Gross property, plant and equipment	4,495
Construction work-in-progress	92
Accumulated depreciation	(3,554		)
Accounts payable	(30		)
Accrued expenses	(49		)
Total net assets assumed	1,251
Goodwill	1,549
Total purchase price	$	2,800

The revenue and earnings recognized post acquisition and the pro forma effect of the business acquired are not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations.

Acquisition of Red Rock

On October 16, 2018, the Company acquired Red Rock, a rate-regulated operator of a water and a wastewater utility with service areas in the Pima and Pinal counties of Arizona, for total consideration of $5.9 million. This acquisition is consistent with the Company's declared strategy of making accretive acquisitions. The acquisition added over 1,650 connections and approximately nine square miles of service area.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The purchase price was allocated to the acquired utility assets and liabilities assumed based on the seller's book value at acquisition as the historical cost of these assets and liabilities will be the amounts that will continue to be reflected in customer rates.

A preliminary purchase price allocation of the net assets acquired in the transaction is as follows (in thousands):

Net assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	$	111
Gross property, plant and equipment	19,838
Construction work-in-progress	748
Accumulated depreciation	(6,567		)
Prepaids	12
Intangibles1	200
Accounts payable	(26		)
Other taxes	(14		)
Other accrued liabilities	(45		)
Customer and meter deposits	(76		)
AIAC	(3,423		)
CIAC - Net	(6,000		)
Total net assets assumed	4,758
Goodwill	1,093
Total purchase price	$	5,851

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¹ Intangibles consist of franchise contract rights and organization costs. Refer to Note 8 — "Goodwill & Intangible Assets" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.

The revenue and earnings recognized post acquisition and the pro forma effect of the business acquired are not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations.

8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

As of March 31, 2019, the goodwill balance of $2.6 million related to the Turner and Red Rock acquisitions. There were no indicators of impairment identified as a result of the Company's review of events and circumstances related to its goodwill subsequent to the acquisitions. Based on our annual impairment testing performed on November 1st, no impairment was recorded. Refer to Note 7 — "Acquisitions" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.

Intangible Assets

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
INDEFINITE LIVED INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
CP Water Certificate of Convenience & Necessity service area	$	1,532	$	—		$	1,532	$	1,532	$	—		$	1,532
Intangible trademark	13		—			13		13		—			13
Franchise contract rights	134		—			134		134		—			134
Organization intangible	66		—			66		66		—			66
	1,745		—			1,745		1,745		—			1,745
AMORTIZED INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Acquired ICFAs	17,978		(12,154		)	5,824		17,978		(12,154		)	5,824
Sonoran contract rights	7,406		(2,003		)	5,403		7,406		(2,003		)	5,403
	25,384		(14,157		)	11,227		25,384		(14,157		)	11,227
Total intangible assets	$	27,129	$	(14,157	)	$	12,972	$	27,129	$	(14,157	)	$	12,972

Franchise contract rights and organization intangible were acquired as part of the Red Rock acquisition. Franchise contract rights are agreements with Pima and Pinal counties that allow the Company to place infrastructure in public right-of-way and permits expected to be renewable indefinitely. The organization intangible represents fees paid to federal or state governments for the privilege of incorporation and expenditures incident to organizing the corporation and preparing it to conduct business. Refer to Note 7 — "Acquisitions" of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.

Acquired ICFAs and contract rights related to our 2005 acquisition of Sonoran Utility Services, LLC assets are amortized when cash is received in proportion to the amount of total cash expected to be received under the underlying agreements. Due to the uncertainty of the timing of when cash will be received under ICFA agreements and contract rights, we cannot reliably estimate when the remaining intangible assets' amortization will be recorded. No amortization was recorded for these balances for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 and 2018.

9. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

The Company provides medical benefits to our employees through our participation in a pooled plan sponsored by an affiliate of a shareholder and director of the Company. Medical claims paid to the plan were approximately $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

As GWM was previously owned by the Company, it has historically provided billing, customer service, and other support services for the Company’s regulated utilities pursuant to a services agreement with GWM whereby the Company has agreed to use the FATHOM™ platform for all of its regulated utility services through December 31, 2026. On November 17, 2016, the scope of

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services was expanded to include a meter replacement program of approximately $11.4 million, wherein the Company replaced a majority of its meter infrastructure. As of March 31, 2019, $11.1 million has been paid to GWM in connection with the meter exchange program, and $0.4 million remains to be paid to GWM pending completion pursuant to the terms of the services agreement. Amounts collected by GWM from the Company’s customers that GWM has not yet remitted to the Company are included within the “Due from affiliates” caption on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the unremitted balance totaled $0.4 million. Based on current service connections, annual fees to be paid to GWM for FATHOM™ services in 2019 are expected to be approximately $1.7 million at a rate of $6.24 per water account/month, which is subject to annual adjustments based on the terms of the agreement. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred FATHOM™ service fees of approximately $0.4 million.

The services agreement is automatically renewable for successive 10-year periods, unless notice of termination is given prior to any renewal period. The services agreement may be terminated by either party for default only and the termination of the services agreement will also result in the termination of the royalty payments (described below) payable to the Company. Pursuant to the purchase agreement for the sale of GWM, the Company is entitled to quarterly royalty payments based on a percentage of certain of GWM’s recurring revenues for a 10-year period, up to a maximum of $15.0 million, of which $2.2 million has been received over the five year period ended March 31, 2019. The Company made the election to record these quarterly royalty payments prospectively in income as the amounts are earned. Royalties recorded within other income totaled approximately $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

10. ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following (in thousands): 

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Deferred compensation	$	2,332	$	2,305
Property taxes	562		1,073
Meter replacement - related party	350		350
Interest	1,780		478
Dividend payable	512		512
Asset retirement obligation	555		555
Other accrued liabilities	1,992		2,192
Total accrued expenses	$	8,083	$	7,465

11. FAIR VALUE

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company's assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels, as follows:

• Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 - Unobservable inputs developed using the Company's estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that the Company believes market participants would use.

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Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Asset/Liability Type:
HUF Funds - restricted cash(1)	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	9
Certificate of Deposit(2)	3,000		—		—		3,000		3,000		—		—		3,000
Demand Deposit(2)	5,069		—		—		5,069		7,043		—		—		7,043
Certificate of Deposit - Restricted(1)	—		433		—		433		—		432		—		432
Long-term debt(3)	—		111,772		—		111,772		—		107,860		—		107,860
Total	$	8,069	$	112,214	$	—	$	120,283	$	10,043	$	108,301	$	—	$	118,344

(1) HUF Funds - restricted cash and Certificate of Deposit - Restricted are presented on the Bond service fund and other restricted cash line item of the Company's consolidated balance sheets. They are valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

(2) Certificate of Deposit and Demand Deposit are presented on the Cash and cash equivalents line item of the Company's consolidated balance sheets. They are valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. The Certificate of Deposit has no withdrawal restrictions or penalties.

(3) The fair value of our debt was estimated based on interest rates considered available for instruments of similar terms and remaining maturities.

12. DEBT

The outstanding balances and maturity dates for short-term (including the current portion of long-term debt) and long-term debt as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Short-term		Long-term			Short-term		Long-term
BONDS AND NOTES PAYABLE -
4.38% Series A 2016, maturing June 2028	$	—	$	28,750		$	—	$	28,750
4.58% Series B 2016, maturing June 2036	—		86,250			—		86,250
1.20% WIFA Loan, maturing October 2032	—		—			3		39
4.65% Harquahala Loan, maturing January 2021	5		8			5		9
4.60% WIFA Loan, maturing March 2037	1		16			1		12
	6		115,024			9		115,060
OTHER
Capital lease obligations	69		208			38		96
Debt issuance costs	—		(638		)	—		(649		)
Total debt	$	75	$	114,594		$	47	$	114,507

2016 Senior Secured Notes

On June 24, 2016, the Company issued two series of senior secured notes with an aggregate total principal balance of $115.0 million at a blended interest rate of 4.55%. Series A carries a principal balance of $28.8 million and bears an interest rate of 4.38% over a twelve-year term, with the principal payment due on June 15, 2028. Series B carries a principal balance of $86.3 million and bears an interest rate of 4.58% over a 20-year term. Series B is interest only for the first five years, with $1.9 million principal payments paid semiannually thereafter. The proceeds of the senior secured notes were primarily used to refinance the previously outstanding long-term tax exempt bonds, which were subject to an early redemption option at 103%, plus accrued interest, as a result of the U.S. IPO. As part of the refinancing of the long-term debt, the Company paid a prepayment penalty of $3.2 million and wrote off the remaining $2.2 million in capitalized loan fees related to the tax exempt bonds, which were recorded as additional interest expense in the second quarter of 2016. The senior secured notes are collateralized by a security interest in the Company’s equity interest in its subsidiaries, including all payments representing profits and qualifying distributions. Debt issuance costs as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $0.6 million.

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The senior secured notes require the Company to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated debt service of at least 1.10 to 1.00. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated as net income plus depreciation, taxes, interest and other non-cash charges net of non-cash income. Consolidated debt service is calculated as interest expense, principal payments, and dividend or stock repurchases. The senior secured notes also contain a provision limiting the payment of dividends if the Company falls below a debt service ratio of 1.25. However, for the quarter ending June 30, 2021 through the quarter ending March 31, 2024, the ratio drops to 1.20. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with its financial debt covenants.

Eagletail Loans

In May 2017, the Company acquired Eagletail Water Company ("Eagletail"). As part of the acquisition, the Company assumed two unsecured loans held by Eagletail. These loans are payable to the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona ("WIFA") and Harquahala Valley Community Benefits Foundation ("Harquahala"). The WIFA loan bears an interest rate of 1.20% over a 20-year term, while the Harquahala loan bears an interest rate of 4.65% over a 15-year term. The Company paid off the WIFA loan in March 2019.

In 2017, the Company entered into a second loan payable to WIFA ("2017 WIFA"), and no borrowings were made until 2018. The 2017 WIFA loan bears an interest rate of 4.60% over a 20-year term. The original loan amount was approximately $175,000, of which approximately $157,000 was forgiven. Refer to the table above for carrying balances as of March 31, 2019.

Revolving Credit Line

On April 20, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with MidFirst Bank, a federally chartered savings association, for a two-year revolving line of credit up to $8.0 million, set to expire on April 30, 2020. The credit facility bears an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.25%. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit line. There were no unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2019 and $137,000 as of December 31, 2018. In April 2019, the Company signed an amendment which extends the maturity of the line of credit to April 30, 2022 and modifies the debt service coverage ratio to match the ratio required by the senior secured notes discussed above; all other terms remain unchanged.

The revolving credit line requires the Company to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated debt service of at least 1.10 to 1.00. The revolving credit line also contains a provision limiting the payment of dividends if the Company falls below a debt service ratio of 1.25. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with its financial debt covenant.

At March 31, 2019, the remaining aggregate annual maturities of debt and minimum lease payments under capital lease obligations for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):

	Debt		Capital Lease Obligations
Remaining nine months of 2019	$	4	$	53
2020	7		75
2021	1,920		80
2022	3,834		52
2023	3,834		17
Thereafter	105,431		—
Subtotal	115,030		277
Less: amount representing interest	—		(37		)
Total	$	115,030	$	240

13. INCOME TAXES

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a tax expense of $342,000 on pre-tax income of $991,000, compared to a tax expense of $141,000 on pre-tax income of $461,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The income tax provision was computed based on the Company’s estimated effective tax rate and forecasted income expected for the full year, including the impact of any unusual, infrequent, or non-recurring items. Refer to Note 1 — "Basis of Presentation, Corporate Transactions, Significant Accounting Policies, and Recent Accounting Pronouncements" for further details.

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14. DEFERRED COMPENSATION AWARDS

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation related to option awards is measured based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of stock option awards is determined using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. We recognize compensation expense associated with the options over the vesting period.

2016 stock option grant

In May 2016, GWRI’s Board of Directors granted 325,000 stock options of GWRI’s common stock to the members of the board. The options were granted with an exercise price of $7.50, the market price of the Company’s common shares on the NASDAQ Global Market at the close of business on May 20, 2016. The options vested over a two-year period, with 50% having vested in May 2017 and 50% having vested in May 2018. The options have a three-year life. The Company expensed the $0.3 million fair value of the stock option grant ratably over the two-year vesting period. No stock-based compensation expense was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and$43,000 was record for the three months ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2019, 225,000 options have been exercised with 100,000 outstanding. Of the 225,000 options exercised, 75,000 shares were exercised utilizing a cashless exercise, which resulted in an increase in shares outstanding of 15,826 as well as 59,174 shares recorded to treasury stock.

2017 stock option grant

In August 2017, GWRI's Board of Directors granted 465,000 stock options of GWRI's common stock to employees throughout the Company. The options were granted with an exercise price of $9.40, the market price of the Company's common shares on the NASDAQ Global Market at the close of business on August 10, 2017. The options vest over a four-year period, with 25% having vested in August 2018, 25% vesting in August 2019, 25% vesting in August 2020, and 25% vesting in August 2021. The options have a 10-year life. The Company will expense the $1.1 million fair value of the stock option grant ratably over the four-year vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense of $65,000 and $54,000 was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, 4,204 options have been exercised and 64,900 options have been forfeited with 395,896 outstanding.

Phantom stock compensation

On December 30, 2010, we adopted a phantom stock unit plan authorizing the directors of the Company to issue phantom stock units (‘‘PSUs’’) to our employees. Following the consummation of the reorganization transaction in connection with our U.S. initial public offering (the "U.S. IPO"), the awarded PSUs have been amended such that the outstanding units track the value of GWRI’s share price. The vesting of the awards has not changed. The PSUs give rise to a right of the holder to receive a cash payment the value of which, on a particular date, is the preceding five-day weighted average price of the equivalent number of shares of GWRI at that date. The issuance of PSUs as a core component of employee compensation was intended to strengthen the alignment of interests between the employees of the Company and the shareholders of GWRI by linking their holdings and a portion of their compensation to the future value of the common shares of GWRI.

PSUs are accounted for as liability compensatory awards, rather than as equity awards. PSU awards are remeasured each period and a liability is recorded equal to GRWI’s closing share price as of the balance sheet date multiplied by the number of units vested and outstanding. The value of the benefits is recorded as an expense in the Company’s financial statements over the related vesting period. Vesting occurs ratably over 12 consecutive quarters beginning in the period granted. The following table details total awards granted and the number of units outstanding as of March 31, 2019 along with the amounts paid to holders of the PSUs for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019, and 2018 (in thousands, except unit amounts):

			Amounts Paid For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Grant Date	Units Granted	Units Outstanding	2019		2018
Q1 2015	28,828	—	—		22
Q1 2016	34,830	—	19		27
Q1 2017	22,712	7,571	25		17
Q1 2018	30,907	20,605	27		—
Q1 2019	32,190	32,190	—		—
Total	149,467	60,366	$	71	$	66

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Stock appreciation rights compensation

Beginning January 2012, in an effort to reward employees for their performance, the Company adopted a stock appreciation rights plan authorizing the directors of the Company to issue stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) to our employees. Following the consummation of the reorganization transaction in connection with the U.S. IPO, the value of the SARs issued under the plan track the performance of GWRI’s shares. Each holder has the right to receive acash payment amounting to the difference between the exercise price and the closing price of GWRI’s common shares on the exercise date, provided that the closing price is in excess of the exercise price. Holders of SARs may exercise their awards once vested. Individuals who voluntarily or involuntarily leave the Company forfeit their rights under the awards.

The following table details the recipients of the SARs awards, the grant date, units granted, exercise price, outstanding units as of March 31, 2019 and amounts paid during the three months endedMarch 31, 2019, and 2018 (in thousands, except unit and per unit amounts):

						Amounts Paid For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Recipients	Grant Date	Units Granted	Exercise Price		Units Outstanding	2019		2018
Key Executive (1)(3)	Q3 2013	100,000	$	1.59	—	$	—	$	166
Key Executive (1)(4)	Q4 2013	100,000	$	2.69	—	—		183
Members of Management (1)(5)	Q1 2015	299,000	$	4.26	178,000	—		—
Key Executives (2)(6)	Q2 2015	300,000	$	5.13	210,000	—		—
Members of Management (1)(7)	Q3 2017	103,000	$	9.40	103,000	—		—
Members of Management (1)(8)	Q1 2018	33,000	$	8.99	33,000	—		—
Total		935,000			524,000	$	—	$	349

(1) The SARs vest ratably over sixteen quarters from the grant date.

(2) The SARs vest over sixteen quarters, vesting 20% per year for the first three years, with the remainder, 40%, vesting in year four.

(3) The exercise price was determined by taking the weighted average GWR Global Water Resources Corp. ("GWRC") share price of the five days prior to the grant date of July 1, 2013.

(4) The exercise price was determined by taking the weighted average GWRC share price of the 30 days prior to the grant date of November 14, 2013.

(5) The exercise price was determined to be the fair market value of one share of GWRC stock on the grant date of February 11, 2015.

(6) The exercise price was determined to be the fair market value of one share of GWRC stock on the grant date of May 8, 2015.

(7) The exercise price was determined to be the fair market value of one share of GWRI stock on the grant date of August 10, 2017.

(8) The exercise price was determined to be the fair market value of one share of GWRI stock on the grant date of March 12, 2018.

As a result of the merger of GWRC into the Company and the U.S. IPO, the exercise prices for the preceding awards granted prior to the merger were translated to U.S. dollars using the prevailing noon-day Bank of Canada foreign exchange rate of US$0.7969 per CAD$1.00 as measured on May 2, 2016, the day prior to the closing of the merger. The vesting of the awards has not changed. Subsequent to the merger, each SAR provides the holder the right to receive a cash payment amounting to the difference between the per share exercise price and the closing price of GWRI’s common shares on the exercise date, provided that the closing price is in excess of exercise price per share.

For the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million of compensation expense related to the PSUs and SARs, respectively. Based on GWRI’s closing share price on March 29, 2019 (the last trading date of the quarter), deferred compensation expense to be recognized over future periods is estimated for the years ending December 31 as follows (in thousands):

	PSUs		SARs
Remaining nine months of 2019	$	227	$	159
2020	264		78
2021	106		78
2022	—		30
2023	—		—
Total	$	597	$	345

15. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The following is supplemental cash flow information for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

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	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	6	$	2
Non-cash financing and investing activities:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	646	$	1,069
Contributions in aid of construction - loan forgiveness	$	31	$	—

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

In September 2018, the Company amended the corporate office lease agreement to include the rental of additional office space for the period of September 1, 2018 through February 28, 2019. In January 2019, the lease agreement was amended to extend the term of the lease, with a commencement date of March 1, 2019 and termination date of May 31, 2022. As such, the Company's monthly rent expense increased to approximately $15,000. Rent expense arising from the operating leases totaled approximately $45,000 and $24,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Contingencies

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject to pending or threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Management is not aware of any legal proceeding of which the ultimate resolution could materially affect our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following management’s discussion and analysis of Global Water Resources, Inc.’s (the “Company”, “GWRI”, “we”, or “us”) financial condition and results of operations relates to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 and should be read together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included herein, as well as our audited annual financial statements and associated management’s discussion, which are available within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 available on our Company’s profile on the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) website, www.sec.gov.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this management’s discussion and analysis are forward-looking in nature and may constitute “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “projects”, “estimates”, “objective”, “goal”, “focus”, “aim”, “should”, “could”, “may”, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include future estimates described in “Business Outlook”, "Factors Affecting our Results of Operations", and “Liquidity and Capital Resources”. These forward-looking statements reflect management’s current expectations regarding GWRI’s future growth, results of operations, performance, and business prospects and opportunities, and other future events and speak only as of the date of this management’s discussion and analysis. Forward-looking statements should not be read as guarantees of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether or not or the times at or by which such performance or results will be achieved. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking information. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC, as updated from time to time in our subsequent filings with the SEC. Although the forward-looking statements contained in this management’s discussion and analysis are based upon what management believes to be reasonable assumptions, investors cannot be assured that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements, and the differences may be material. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this management’s discussion and analysis and GWRI assumes no obligation to update or revise them to reflect new events or circumstances, except as required by applicable law.

Overview

We are a water resource management company that owns, operates, and manages water, wastewater, and recycled water utilities in strategically located communities, principally in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. We seek to deploy our integrated approach, which we refer to as "Total Water Management," a term we use to mean managing the entire water cycle by owning and operating the water, wastewater, and recycled water utilities within the same geographic areas in order to both conserve water and maximize its total economic and social value. We use Total Water Management to promote sustainable communities in areas where we expect growth to outpace the existing potable water supply. Our model focuses on the broad issues of water supply and scarcity and applies principles of water conservation through water reclamation and reuse. Our basic premise is that the world's water supply is limited and yet can be stretched significantly through effective planning, the use of recycled water, and by providing individuals and communities resources that promote wise water usage practices.

Business Outlook

2018 and the first quarter of 2019 continued the trend of positive growth in new connections. According to the 2010 U.S. Census Data, the Phoenix metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) is the 14th largest MSA in the U.S. and had a population of 4.2 million, an increase of 29% over the 3.3 million people reported in the 2000 Census. Metropolitan Phoenix continues to grow due to its low-cost housing, excellent weather, large and growing universities, a diverse employment base, and low taxes. The Employment and Population Statistics Department of the State of Arizona predicts that the Phoenix Metropolitan area will have a population of 4.9 million people by 2020 and 6.5 million by 2040. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2019, Arizona’s employment rate improved by 2.4%, ranking the state in the top six nationally for job growth.

Also, according to the W.P. Carey School of Business Greater Phoenix Blue Chip Real Estate Consensus Panel, most sectors of real estate are expected to experience improved growth with industrial and retail sectors also expected to experience improved occupancy rates. For Maricopa County and Pinal County combined, the Homebuilders Association of Central Arizona reported that single family housing permits grew 13% to 22,437 units in 2018.

The forecasts by the Greater Phoenix Blue Chip Real Estate Consensus Panel for 2019 and 2020 remain positive at approximately 25,000 and 26,000 single family dwelling permits, respectively. From there, we believe growth in the region could steadily return towards its normal historical rate of greater than 30,000 single family dwelling permits.

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We believe that our utilities and service areas are directly in the anticipated path of growth primarily in the metropolitan Phoenix area. Market data indicates that our service areas currently incorporate a large portion of the final platted lots, partially finished lots, and finished lots in metropolitan Phoenix. Management believes that we are well-positioned to benefit from the near-term growth in metropolitan Phoenix due to the availability of lots and existing infrastructure in place within our services areas.

Factors Affecting our Results of Operations

Our financial condition and results of operations are influenced by a variety of industry-wide factors, including but not limited to:

• population and community growth;

• economic and environmental utility regulation;

• economic environment;

• the need for infrastructure investment;

• production and treatment costs;

• weather and seasonality; and

• access to and quality of water supply.

We are subject to economic regulation by the state regulator, the Arizona Corporation Commission (“ACC”). The U.S. federal and state governments also regulate environmental, health and safety, and water quality matters. We continue to execute on our strategy to optimize and focus the Company in order to provide greater value to our customers and shareholders by aiming to deliver predictable financial results, making prudent capital investments, and focusing our efforts on earning an appropriate rate of return on our investments.

Population and Community Growth

Population and community growth in the metropolitan Phoenix area served by our utilities have a direct impact on our earnings. An increase or decrease in our active service connections will affect our revenues and variable expenses in a corresponding manner. Our total service connections, including both active service connections and connections to vacant homes, increased 4,512 connections, or 11.2%, from a total of 40,163 as of March 31, 2018 to 44,675 as of March 31, 2019, an annualized increase of approximately 3.5%. This increase is due primarily to the addition of 2,740 connections from our acquisitions of Turner Ranches Water and Sanitation Company ("Turner") and Red Rock Utilities ("Red Rock"), as well as the positive growth in new organic connections.

As of March 31, 2019, we have 44,152 active service connections compared to 39,542 active service connections as of March 31, 2018, an increase of 4,610, or 11.7%, an annualized increase of approximately 4.3%. As with the increase in total service connections, the increase is due primarily to the acquisitions of Turner and Red Rock, as well as growth in new organic connections. Approximately 92.7% of the 44,152 active service connections are serviced by our Global Water - Santa Cruz Water Company, LLC (“Santa Cruz”) and Global Water - Palo Verde Utilities Company, LLC (“Palo Verde”) utilities as of March 31, 2019.

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The graph below presents the historical change in active and total connections for our ongoing operations, adjusting for the July 2015 condemnation of the assets and operations of Valencia Water Company, Inc. ("Valencia") and the May 2016 sale of Willow Valley Water Co., Inc. ("Willow Valley").

Economic and Environmental Utility Regulation

We are subject to extensive regulation of our rates by the ACC, which is charged with establishing rates based on the provision of reliable service at a reasonable cost while also providing an opportunity to earn a fair rate of return on rate base for investors of utilities. The ACC uses a historical test year to evaluate whether the plant in service is used and useful, to assess whether costs were prudently incurred, and to set “just and reasonable” rates. Rate base is typically the depreciated original cost of the plant in service (net of contributions in aid of construction (“CIAC”) and advances in aid of construction (“AIAC”) which are funds or property provided to a utility under the terms of a main extension agreement, the value of which may be refundable), that has been determined to have been “prudently invested” and “used and useful”, although the reconstruction cost of the utility plant may also be considered in determining the rate base. The ACC also decides on an applicable capital structure based on actual or hypothetical analyses. The ACC determines a “rate of return” on that rate base, which includes the approved capital structure and the actual cost of debt and a fair and reasonable cost of equity based on the ACC's judgment. The overall revenue requirement for rate making purposes is established by multiplying the rate of return by the rate base and adding “prudently” incurred operating expenses for the test year, depreciation, and any applicable pro forma adjustments.

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To ensure an optimal combination of access to water and water conservation balanced with a fair rate of return for investors, our water utility operating revenue is based on two components: a fixed fee and a consumption or volumetric fee. For our water utilities, the fixed fee, or “basic service charge,” provides access to water for residential usage and has generally been set at a level to produce 50% of total revenue. The volumetric fee is based on the total volume of water supplied to a given customer after the minimum number of gallons, if any, covered by the basic service charge, multiplied by a price per gallon set by a tariff approved by the ACC. A discount to the volumetric rate applies for customers that use less than an amount specified by the ACC. For all investor-owned water utilities, the ACC requires the establishment of inverted tier conservation oriented rates, meaning that the price of water increases as consumption increases. For wastewater utilities, wastewater collection, and treatment can be based on volumetric or fixed fees. Our wastewater utility services are billed based solely on a fixed fee, determined by the size of the water meter installed. Recycled water is sold on a volumetric basis with no fixed fee component.

We are required to file rate cases with the ACC to obtain approval for a change in rates. Rate cases and other rate-related proceedings can take a year or more to complete. As a result, there is frequently a delay, or regulatory lag, between the time of a capital investment or incurrence of an operating expense increase and when those costs are reflected in rates. In normal conditions, it would not be uncommon to see us file for a rate increase every three years based on year one being the test year, year two being the rate case filing year, and year three being the rate case award year. However, based on our settlement with the ACC in 2014 and extended new rate phase-in period, we have not initiated the next rate case on this timeline. On March 20, 2019, we filed a motion with the ACC to request an order for certain of our utilities to file a rate case. Thereafter, on April 26, 2019, the ACC issued Decision No. 77168, which requires all of our utilities to file a rate case no later than June 30, 2020, using the twelve months ending December 31, 2019 as the test year for the rate case. Refer to “—Rate Case Activity” for additional information.

Our water and wastewater operations are also subject to extensive United States federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment, health and safety, the quality of the water we deliver to our customers, water allocation rights, and the manner in which we collect, treat, and discharge wastewater. We are also required to obtain various environmental permits from regulatory agencies for our operations. The ACC also sets conditions and standards for the water and wastewater services we deliver. We incur substantial costs associated with compliance with environmental, health and safety, and water quality regulation.

Environmental, health and safety, and water quality regulations are complex and change frequently, and they have tended to become more stringent over time. As newer or stricter standards are introduced, they could increase our operating expenses. We would generally expect to recover expenses associated with compliance for environmental and health and safety standards through rate increases, but this recovery may be affected by regulatory lag.

Economic Environment

The growth of our customer base depends almost entirely on the success of developers in developing residential and commercial properties within our service areas. Real estate development is a cyclical industry and development in our service areas is contingent upon construction or acquisition of major public improvements, such as arterial streets, drainage facilities, telephone and electrical facilities, recreational facilities, street lighting, and local in-tract improvements (e.g., site grading). Many of these improvements are built by municipalities with public financing, and municipal resources and access to capital may not be sufficient to support development in areas of rapid population growth.

Infrastructure Investment

Capital expenditures for infrastructure investment are a component of the rate base on which our regulated utility subsidiaries are allowed to earn an equity return. Capital expenditures for infrastructure provide a basis for earnings growth by expanding our “used and useful” rate base, which is a component of its permitted return on investment and revenue requirement. We are generally able to recover a rate of return on these capital expenditures (return on equity and debt), together with debt service and certain operating costs, through the rates we charge.

 We have made significant capital investments in our territories within the last fifteen years, and because the infrastructure remains in the early stages of its useful life, we do not expect comparable capital investments to be required in the near term, either for growth or to maintain the existing infrastructure. Nevertheless, we have an established capital improvement plan to make targeted capital investments to repair and replace existing infrastructure as needed, address operating redundancy requirements, and improve our overall financial performance, by lowering expenses and increasing revenue. Additionally, to reduce our deferred tax liability of approximately $19.4 million resulting from the gain on the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, we have substantially completed the planned investments within our capital improvement plan that we determined will qualify under the Internal Revenue Code §1033 re-investment criteria pursuant to a favorable Private Letter Ruling with the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"). Refer to “—Corporate Transactions—Private Letter Ruling” for additional information.

Production and Treatment Costs

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Our water and wastewater services require significant production resources and therefore result in significant production costs. Although we are permitted to recover these costs through the rates we charge, regulatory lag can decrease our margins and earnings if production costs or other operating expenses increase significantly before we are able to recover them through increased rates. Our most significant costs include labor, chemicals used to treat water and wastewater, and power used to operate pumps and other equipment. Power and chemical costs can be volatile. However, we employ a variety of technologies and methodologies to minimize costs and maximize operational efficiencies. Additionally, with our Total Water Management approach, whereby we maximize the direct beneficial reuse of recycled water, we can realize significant treatment costs and power savings because smaller volumes of water are required for potable use. Many utilities require that all water be treated to potable standards irrespective of use. Total Water Management focuses on the right water for the right use. Potable water is needed for consumption and recycled water is acceptable for non-potable uses such as irrigation. Non-potable water does not need to be treated for commonly occurring and regulated constituents such as arsenic, or for other current or future human consumption health-based contaminants.

Weather and Seasonality

Our ability to meet the existing and future water demands of our customers depends on an adequate supply of water. Drought, overuse of sources of water, the protection of threatened species or habitats, or other factors may limit the availability of ground and surface water. Also, customer usage of water and recycled water is affected by weather conditions, particularly during the summer. Our water systems generally experience higher demand in the summer due to the warmer temperatures and increased usage by customers for irrigation and other outdoor uses. However, summer weather that is cooler or wetter than average generally suppresses customer water demand and can have a downward effect on our operating revenue and operating income. Conversely, when weather conditions are extremely dry, our business may be affected by government-issued drought-related warnings and/or water usage restrictions that would artificially lower customer demand and reduce our operating revenue. The limited geographic diversity of our service areas makes the results of our operations more sensitive to the effect of local weather extremes. The second and third quarters of the year are generally those in which water services revenue and wastewater services revenues are highest. Accordingly, interim results should not be considered representative of the results of a full year.

Access to and Quality of Water Supply

In many areas of Arizona (including certain areas that we service), water supplies are limited and, in some cases, current usage rates exceed sustainable levels for certain water resources. We currently rely predominantly (and are likely to continue to rely) on the pumping of groundwater and the generation and delivery of recycled water for non-potable uses to meet future demands in our service areas. At present, groundwater (and recycled water derived from groundwater) is the primary water supply available to us. In addition, regulatory restrictions on the use of groundwater and the development of groundwater wells, lack of available water rights, drought, overuse of local or regional sources of water, protection of threatened species or habitats, or other factors, including climate change, may limit the availability of ground or surface water.

Rate Case Activity

On July 9, 2012, we filed rate applications with the ACC to adjust the revenue requirements for seven utilities. In August 2013, we entered into a settlement agreement with the ACC staff, the Residential Utility Consumers Office, the City of Maricopa, and other parties to the rate case. The settlement required approval by the ACC before it could take effect. In February 2014, the rate case proceedings were completed and the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 74364, approving the settlement agreement. The collective rate increase included a 9.5% return on common equity which contributed to a 15% increase over revenue in 2011.

For our utilities, adjusting for the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and the sale of Willow Valley, the settlement provided for a collective aggregate revenue requirement increase of $3.6 million based on 2011 test year service connections, phased-in over time, with the first increase in January 2015 as follows (in thousands, not updated for the Federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA"), refer to "—Recent Events—ACC Tax Docket" for further details):

	Incremental		Cumulative
2015	$	1,083	$	1,083
2016	887		1,970
2017	335		2,305
2018	335		2,640
2019	335		2,975
2020	335		3,310
2021	335		3,645

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Whereas this phase-in of additional revenues was determined using a 2011 test year, to the extent that the number of active service connections has increased and continues to increase from 2011 levels, the additional revenues may be greater than the amounts set forth above. On the other hand, if active connections decrease or we experience declining usage per customer, we may not realize all of the anticipated revenues.

On September 20, 2018, the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 76901, which set forth the reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Greater Tonopah and Northern Scottsdale utilities due to the TCJA. Rate Decision No. 76901 adopted the phase-in approach for the reductions to match the phase-in of our revenue requirement under Rate Decision No. 74364. Additionally, on April 26, 2019, the ACC issued Decision No. 77168, which requires all of our utilities to file a rate case no later than June 30, 2020, using the twelve months ending December 31, 2019 as the test year for the rate case. Refer to "— Recent Events — ACC Tax Docket" and "— Recent Events — ACC Rate Case" for additional information.

From 2003 to 2008, we entered into approximately 154 infrastructure coordination and financing agreements (“ICFAs”) with developers and landowners covering approximately 275 square miles. Under these agreements, we have a contractual obligation to the developers and landowners to ensure that amongst other things, physical capacity exists through our regulated utilities for water and wastewater to the landowner/developer when needed. We receive fees from the landowner/developer for undertaking these obligations that typically are a negotiated amount per planned equivalent dwelling unit for the specified development or parcel of land. Payments are generally due to us from the landowner/developer based on progress of the development, with a portion due upon signing of the agreement, a portion due upon completion of certain milestones and the final payment due upon final plat approval or sale of the subdivision. The payments are non-refundable. Our investment can be considerable, as we may phase-in the construction of facilities in accordance with a regional master plan, as opposed to a single development.

Prior to January 1, 2010, we accounted for funds received under ICFAs as revenue once the obligations specified in the ICFA were met. As these arrangements are with developers and not with the end water or wastewater customer, the timing of revenue recognition coincided with the completion of our performance obligations under the agreement with the developer and with our ability to provide fitted capacity for water and wastewater service to the applicable development or parcel through our regulated subsidiaries.

The 2010 Regulatory Rate Decision No. 71878 established new rates for the recovery of reasonable costs incurred by the utilities and a return on invested capital. In determining the new annual revenue requirement, the ACC imputed a reduction to rate base for all amounts related to ICFA funds collected by us that the ACC deemed to be CIAC for rate making purposes. As a result of the decision by the ACC, we changed our accounting policy for the accounting of ICFA funds. Effective January 1, 2010, we recorded ICFA funds received as CIAC. Thereafter, the ICFA-related CIAC was amortized as a reduction of depreciation expense over the estimated depreciable life of the utility plant at the related utilities.

With the issuance of Rate Decision No. 74364, in February 2014, the ACC again changed how ICFA funds would be characterized and accounted for going forward. Most notably, the ACC changed the rate treatment of ICFA funds, and ICFA funds already received would no longer be deemed CIAC for rate making purposes. In conjunction with Rate Decision No. 74364, we eliminated the CIAC liability and reversed the associated regulatory liability brought about by the 2010 ruling. ICFA funds already received or which had become due prior to the date of Rate Decision No. 74364 were accounted for in accordance with our ICFA revenue recognition policy that had been in place prior to the 2010 Regulatory Rate Decision, wherein the funds received are recognized as revenue once the obligations specified in the ICFA were met. Rate Decision No. 74364 prescribes that of the ICFA funds which come due and are paid subsequent to December 31, 2013, 70% of the ICFA funds will be recorded in the associated utility subsidiary as a hook-up fee (“HUF”) liability, with the remaining 30% to be recorded as deferred revenue, until such time that the HUF tariff is fully funded, after which the remaining funds will be recorded as deferred revenue in accordance with our ICFA revenue recognition policy. A HUF tariff, specifying the dollar value of a HUF for each utility, was approved by the ACC as part of Rate Decision No. 74364. We are responsible for assuring the full HUF value is paid from ICFA proceeds, and recorded in its full amount by predetermined milestones in Rate Decision No. 74364, even if it results in recording more or less than 30% of the ICFA fee as deferred revenue.

We now account for the portion of future payments received under these agreements allocated to HUF liability as CIAC. However, from the regulator’s perspective, HUFs do not impact rate base until the related funds are expended. These funds are segregated in a separate bank account and used to construct plant assets. The HUF liability is to be relieved once the funds are used for the construction of plant. For facilities required under a hook-up fee or ICFA, we must first use the HUF funds received, after which we may use debt or equity financing for the remainder of construction. The deferred revenue portion of these fees is recognized as revenue once the obligations specified within the applicable ICFA are met, including construction of sufficient operating capacity to serve the customers for which revenue was deferred.

We have agreed not to enter into any new ICFAs, and instead will utilize HUF tariffs, which have become an acceptable industry practice in Arizona. As part of the settlement, a HUF tariff was established for each utility. Existing ICFAs will remain in place, with 70% of future ICFA payments to be recorded as HUFs until the HUF liability is fully funded. The HUF liability is relieved

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as funds are expended to construct plant, at which time a corresponding amount is recorded to CIAC. The portion of ICFA proceeds not recorded as HUF will be recorded as revenue or deferred revenue, in accordance with our ICFA revenue recognition policy.

In addition to ICFAs, we have various line extension agreements with developers and builders, through which funds, water line extensions or wastewater line extensions are provided to us by the developers and are considered refundable advances for construction. These AIACs are subject to refund by us to the developers through annual payments that are computed as a percentage of the total annual gross revenue earned from customers connected to utility services constructed under the agreement over a specified period. Upon the expiration of the agreements’ refunding period, the remaining balance of the AIAC becomes nonrefundable and at that time is considered CIAC. CIAC is amortized as a reduction of depreciation expense over the estimated remaining life of the related utility plant. For rate-making purposes, a utility plant funded by AIAC and CIAC is excluded from rate base. The taxability of AIAC and CIAC was changed with the enactment of the TCJA. Previously, the majority of AIAC and CIAC that we collected were not taxable. However, with the enactment of the TCJA, they will be taxable going forward. On November 27, 2018, the ACC ruled that a utility may require that the contributor pay a gross-up to the utility consisting of 55% of the income tax expense with the utility covering the remaining 45% of the income tax expense. For more details regarding the ruling, refer to "—Recent Events — ACC Tax Docket."

Corporate Transactions

Reorganization Transaction and U.S. Initial Public Offering

On January 19, 2016, GWR Global Water Resources Corp. (“GWRC”) announced that it agreed to pursue a reorganization transaction with the Company that resulted in GWRC merging with and into the Company (the “Reorganization Transaction”). The Reorganization Transaction closed on May 3, 2016. GWRC was organized in 2010 to acquire shares of the Company, and held an approximate 47.8% interest prior to the merger. The Reorganization Transaction was part of the Company’s overall plan to simplify its corporate structure by eliminating one level of holding company ownership, refinance its outstanding tax-exempt bonds on more favorable terms (as described below), improve liquidity for shareholders over the medium to long-term and have a single governing jurisdiction in the U.S., where all of the assets, operations, and employees of the business are located. As a result of the merger, GWRC ceased to exist as a British Columbia corporation and the Company, governed by the corporate laws of the State of Delaware, is the surviving entity. The Reorganization Transaction was conditional upon the concurrent completion of an initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Company in the U.S. (the “U.S. IPO”), which was completed on May 3, 2016.

Debt Refinancing

With the completion of the U.S. IPO, the Company had the right to redeem all of its outstanding tax-exempt bonds at a price of 103% of the principal amount, plus interest accrued at the redemption date. Following completion of the U.S. IPO, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) to issue two series of senior secured notes with total principal balance of $115.0 million. On June 24, 2016, the Company closed the Note Purchase Agreement transaction, which proceeds were primarily used to pay down the outstanding $106.7 million in tax-exempt bonds at 103%. For additional information, see “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Senior Secured Notes.”

Stipulated Condemnation of the Operations and Assets of Valencia

On July 14, 2015, we closed the stipulated condemnation to transfer the operations and assets of Valencia to the City of Buckeye. Terms of the condemnation were agreed upon through a settlement agreement and stipulated final judgment of condemnation wherein the City of Buckeye acquired all the operations and assets of Valencia and assumed operation of the utility upon close. The City of Buckeye paid the Company $55.0 million at close, plus an additional $0.1 million in working capital adjustments. The City of Buckeye is obligated to pay the Company a growth premium equal to $3,000 for each new water meter installed within Valencia’s prior service areas in the City of Buckeye, for a 20-year period ending December 31, 2034, subject to a maximum payout of $45.0 million over the term of the agreement.

Sale of Loop 303 Contracts

In September 2013, we entered into an agreement to sell certain wastewater facilities main extension agreements and offsite water management agreements for the contemplated Loop 303 service area, along with their related rights and obligations (which we refer to collectively as the “Loop 303 Contracts”), relating to the 7,000-acre territory within a portion of the western planning area of the City of Glendale, Arizona known as the “Loop 303 Corridor.” Pursuant to the agreement, we sold the Loop 303 Contracts to EPCOR for total proceeds of approximately $4.1 million ($3.1 million of which has been received as of December 31, 2018), which will be paid to us over a multi-year period. As part of the consideration, we agreed to complete certain engineering work required in the offsite water management agreements, which we completed in 2013, thereby satisfying our remaining obligations

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relating to the Loop 303 Contracts. In April 2015, we received proceeds of approximately $0.3 million related to the sale of the Loop 303 Contracts. We received the remaining $1.0 million in March 2019 and recorded it as other income.

Sonoran Acquisition Liability

On March 17, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with Sonoran Utility Services, LLC (“Sonoran”) to amend certain provisions of the purchase and sale agreement related to the acquisition of Sonoran’s assets on June 15, 2005. The amended agreement allowed the Company to reduce its original $3.8 million acquisition liability due to Sonoran in 2018 to $2.8 million, through a settlement agreement executed subsequent to the Note Purchase Agreement. Upon settlement of the Sonoran acquisition liability in June 2016, the Company recorded a gain of $954,000 in other income.

Private Letter Ruling

On June 2, 2016, we received a Private Letter Ruling from the IRS that, for purposes of deferring the approximately $19.4 million gain realized from the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, determined that the assets converted upon the condemnation of such assets could be replaced through certain reclamation facility improvements contemplated by the Company under Internal Revenue Code §1033 as property similar or related in service or use. In June 2016, the Company converted all operating subsidiaries from corporations to limited liability companies to take full advantage of the benefits of such ruling.

Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code §1033, we would have been able to defer the gain on condemnation through the end of 2017. On April 18, 2017, the Company filed a request for a one-year extension to defer the gain to the end of 2018, which the IRS approved on August 8, 2017. On August 28, 2018, the Company filed a request to further defer the gain to the end of 2019, which the IRS approved on October 12, 2018. Following the most recent Private Letter Ruling extension, the Company expects an increase in capital expenditures for 2019 compared to 2018 to fully defer the remaining tax liability of approximately $2.0 million as of March 31, 2019.

Recent Events

Line of Credit

On April 20, 2018, we entered into an agreement with MidFirst Bank, a federally chartered savings association, for a two-year revolving line of credit up to $8.0 million. The credit facility, which will be used for acquisitions and general corporate purposes, bears an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.25%. In April 2019, we signed an amendment to the loan agreement which extends the maturity date from April 30, 2020 to April 30, 2022 and modifies the debt service coverage ratio to match the ratio required by the senior secured notes; all other terms remain unchanged. As of March 31, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under this credit line.

Acquisition of Turner Ranches Water and Sanitation Company

On May 30, 2018, we acquired Turner Ranches Water and Sanitation Company ("Turner"), a non-potable irrigation water utility located in Mesa, Arizona for a purchase price of $2.8 million. At the time of acquisition, Turner had 963 residential irrigation connections and approximately seven square miles of service area. We believe this acquisition is consistent with the Company's declared strategy of making accretive acquisitions.

ACC Tax Docket

On December 20, 2017, the ACC opened a docket to address the utility ratemaking implications of the TCJA. The ACC considered the impact for regulated utilities, as it was expected that certain effects of the TCJA add to rate base and others reduce rate base. Numerous companies, including our regulated utilities, filed comments with the ACC in January 2018. The ACC subsequently approved an order in February 2018 requiring Arizona utilities to apply regulatory accounting treatment, which includes the use of regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities, to address all impacts from the enactment of the TCJA. The order also required certain utilities (including all of our currently operating regulated utilities other than Eagletail, Turner and Red Rock) to have made one of the following three types of filings by April 7, 2018: 1) file an application for a tax expense adjustor mechanism, 2) file an intent to file a rate case within 90 days, or 3) any such other application to address rate making implications of the TCJA.

Accordingly, we filed a proposal for a tax expense adjustor mechanism with the ACC on April 9, 2018, which was subsequently amended through an updated filing with the ACC on July 2, 2018. The updated filing set forth a number of alternative proposals, including that the ACC make no reduction to regulated revenues or, in the alternative, that the ACC approve a phased reduction in regulated revenues.

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On September 20, 2018, the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 76901, which set forth the reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Greater Tonopah, and Northern Scottsdale utilities due to the TCJA.  Rate Decision No. 76901 adopted a phase-in approach for the reductions to match the phase-in of our revenue requirement under the Rate Decision No. 74364 enacted in February 2014. In 2018, the aggregate annual reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Greater Tonopah, and Northern Scottsdale utilities was approximately $782,000. In 2021, the final year of the phase-in, the aggregate annual reductions in revenue for our Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Tonopah, and Northern Scottsdale utilities will be approximately $1.1 million. The ACC also approved a carrying cost of 4.25% on regulatory liabilities resulting from the difference of the fully phased-in rates to be applied in 2021 versus the phased-in rates refunded in 2018. 

Rate Decision No. 76901, however, did not address the impacts of the TCJA on accumulated deferred income taxes (“ADIT”), including excess ADIT (“EADIT”).  The ACC requested the Company to submit a proposal by December 19, 2018 regarding the impact of the TCJA on its ADIT as of January 1, 2018, and the related EADIT amortization methods for both the plant-related (the protected element of EADIT) and the non-plant related (the unprotected portion of EADIT) assets, as appropriate.  On December 19, 2018, the Company submitted the required filing and proposed that as part of a required July 1, 2019 filing, it will propose revised tariffs that incorporate the appropriate rate impacts.

Previously, the ACC Chairman noted that there may be some unintended consequences related to the tax treatment of CIACs and AIACs, which are now taxable with the enactment of the TCJA. Following receipt of comments from various parties, including from us, and a recommendation from the ACC Staff, the ACC adopted an order in November 2018 relating to the funding for income taxes on CIACs and AIACs that provides for the following: 1) requires that under the hybrid sharing method, a contributor will pay a gross-up to the utility consisting of 55% of the income tax expense with the utility covering the remaining 45% of the income tax expense; 2) removes the full gross-up method option for Class A and B utilities and their affiliates (which includes all of our utilities); 3) ensures proper ratemaking treatment of a utility using the self-pay method; 4) clarifies that pass-through entities that are owned by a “C” corporation can recover tax expense according to methods allowed; and 5) requires Class A and B utilities to self-pay the taxes associated with hook-up fee contributions but permits using a portion of the hook-up fees to fund these taxes. The ACC amended the November order by issuing Decision No. 77084 on February 20, 2019 and Decision No. 77104 on February 28, 2019, which imposed additional limits on grossing up CIAC, which we do not believe will be material to us, and modified certain provisions for Class C utilities.

ACC Rate Case

On March 20, 2019, we filed a motion with the ACC to request an order for certain of our utilities to file a rate case. Thereafter, on April 26, 2019, the ACC issued Decision No. 77168, which requires all of our utilities to file a rate case no later than June 30, 2020, using the twelve months ending December 31, 2019 as the test year for the rate case. The outcome of the new rate case cannot be predicted, but we anticipate that new rates would not take effect before the second half of 2021. We are in the initial stages of evaluating and preparing for the rate case, but we anticipate requesting a moderate increase in rates. There is no guarantee that the ACC will approve a rate increase or whether the ACC will take any other actions as a result of the rate case, including a decision to decrease future rates. 

Common Stock Offering

On July 20, 2018, we completed a public offering of 1,720,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $9.25 per share, for gross proceeds of $15.9 million, which included 220,000 shares issued and sold pursuant to the underwriter's exercise in full of its option to purchase additional shares. We received net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, which collectively totaled $1.3 million.

Acquisition of Red Rock Utilities

On October 16, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Red Rock, an operator of a water and a wastewater utility with service areas in Pima and Pinal counties of Arizona, for a purchase price of $5.9 million. The acquisition added over 1,600 connections and approximately 9 square miles of service area. We believe this acquisition is consistent with the Company's declared strategy of making accretive acquisitions.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. In consideration of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification 280, Segment Reporting, we are not organized around specific products and services, geographic regions, or regulatory environments. We

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currently operate in one geographic region within the State of Arizona, wherein each operating utility operates within the same regulatory environment.

While we report revenue, disaggregated by service type, on the face of our statement of operations, we do not manage the business based on any performance measure at the individual revenue stream level. We do not have any customers that contribute more than 10% to our revenues or revenue streams. Additionally, the chief operating decision maker uses consolidated financial information to evaluate our performance, which is the same basis on which he communicates our results and performance to our board of directors. It is upon this consolidated basis from which he bases all significant decisions regarding the allocation of our resources on a consolidated level. Based on the information described above and in accordance with the applicable literature, management has concluded that we are currently organized and operated as one operating and reportable segment.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Revenues	$	7,723		$	7,425
Operating expenses	6,524			6,061
Operating income	1,199			1,364
Total other expense	(208		)	(903		)
Income before income taxes	991			461
Income tax expense	(342		)	(141		)
Net income	$	649		$	320
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.03		$	0.02
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.03		$	0.02

Revenues – The following table summarizes our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Water services	$	3,138	$	3,115
Wastewater and recycled water services	4,569		4,297
Unregulated revenues	16		13
Total revenues	$	7,723	$	7,425

Total revenues increased $0.3 million, or 4.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in revenue reflects the 11.7% increase in active service connections, inclusive of the 2.4% increase due to the Turner acquisition and 4.5% due to the Red Rock acquisition, combined with the increase in rates related to Rate Decision No. 74364 in February 2014, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. Partially offsetting this increase was a $0.2 million decrease in revenue due to the approved rate reduction pursuant to Rate Decision No. 76901 in September 2018 by the ACC resulting from the TCJA. Refer to "—Recent Events — ACC Tax Docket."

Water Services – Water services revenue increased slightly by $23,000, or 0.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in water service revenues was partially offset by a decrease of $0.1 million due to the TCJA.

Water services revenue based on consumption decreased by $0.1 million, or 12.2%, to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in consumption revenue was primarily driven by decreases in irrigation and residential consumption for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Active water connections increased 13.9% to 22,924 as of March 31, 2019 from 20,128 as of March 31, 2018, due to organic growth in our service areas (943 connections, or 4.7%) as well as the acquisitions of Turner (963 connections, or 4.8%) and Red Rock (890 connections, or 4.4%).

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Water consumption increased0.8% to 414 million gallons for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from 411 million gallons for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in consumption was primarily related to the acquisitions of Turner and Red Rock. The increase due to acquisitions was partially offset by decreases in residential and irrigation consumption due to increased precipitation.

Water services revenue associated with the basic service charge, excluding miscellaneous charges, increased$0.2 million, or 8.8%, to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Of the $0.2 million increase, $0.1 million was due to the Turner acquisition and $0.1 million was due to the Red Rock acquisition. The remaining increase related to increases in active service connections, combined with an increase in rates related to Rate Decision No. 74364.

Wastewater and Recycled Water Services – Wastewater and recycled water services revenue increased $0.3 million, or 6.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in wastewater and recycled water services revenue was comprised of a $0.3 million increase in wastewater services revenue (inclusive of a $0.2 million increase due to Red Rock) partially offset by a $65,000 decrease in recycled water services revenue and a decrease of $136,000 due to the approved rate reduction pursuant to Rate Decision No. 76901 resulting from the TCJA. The increase in wastewater services revenue reflects the increase in active wastewater connections, which increased 9.3% to 21,228 (inclusive of 877 connections due to the Red Rock acquisition) as of March 31, 2019 from 19,414 as of March 31, 2018, as well as the increase in rates related to Rate Decision No. 74364.

Recycled water services revenue, which is based on the number of gallons delivered, decreased$65,000, or 45.0%, to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in recycled water services revenue was primarily related to the decrease in volume of recycled water delivered, which decreased to 57 million gallons for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 113 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in gallons delivered was primarily due to higher precipitation and lower average temperature during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Operating Expenses – The following table summarizes our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Operations and maintenance	$	1,723	$	1,509
Operations and maintenance - related party	415		356
General and administrative	2,375		2,397
Depreciation	2,011		1,799
Total operating expenses	$	6,524	$	6,061

Operations and Maintenance – Operations and maintenance costs, consisting of personnel costs, production costs (primarily chemicals and purchased power), maintenance costs, and property tax, increased $0.2 million, or 14.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Total personnel expenses increased $0.1 million, or 13.4%, to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to the Turner and Red Rock acquisitions.

Repairs and maintenance expenses increased $44,000 to $85,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $41,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily driven by lower expenses in 2018 due to new construction of additional capacity to a wastewater plant, combined with the Turner and Red Rock acquisitions.

Property tax expense increased $38,000, or 7.4%, to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Property taxes are calculated using a centrally valued property calculation, which derives property values based upon three-year historical revenues. As revenues increase, we expect that property taxes will increase. The increase is also partially due to the Turner and Red Rock acquisitions.

Contract services increased $37,000 to $76,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $39,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to the Red Rock acquisition.

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Utilities power and related expenses increased $27,000, or 7.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase is mainly due to the acquisitions of Turner and Red Rock.

General and Administrative – General and administrative costs include the day-to-day expenses of office operation, personnel costs, legal and other professional fees, insurance, rent, and regulatory fees. These costs decreased $22,000, or 0.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Deferred compensation expense was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to income of $34,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The change was primarily related to a forefeiture of stock appreciation rights which occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2018, coupled with a $0.33 decrease in stock price for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to a $0.37 decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The change was also caused by an increase in vesting of stock appreciation rights.

Professional fees decreased $0.2 million to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily related to expenses associated with strategic initiatives and TCJA analysis performed during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Other Expense– Other expense totaled$0.2 millionfor the three months endedMarch 31, 2019compared to other expense of$0.9 millionfor the three months endedMarch 31, 2018. The decrease of$0.7 millionin other expense was primarily attributed to the receipt of$1.0 millionrelating to the Loop 303 Contracts, partially offset by a decrease in the Valencia earnout of$0.2 millionand the increase in total interest expense of$0.1 million.The Valencia earnout consists of $3,000 for each new water meter installed within Valencia Water Company’s prior service areas. This decrease was driven by slowed growth in our former service territory.

Other – related party income (expense) changed $29,000 to income of $27,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an expense of $2,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Other – related party income (expense) includes royalty income based upon a percentage of certain FATHOM™ recurring revenue combined with the equity method gains and losses associated with our equity method investment in FATHOM™. The change in other – related party income (expense) was primarily driven by the equity method loss recorded on our investment in FATHOM™ of $70,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a loss of $110,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Refer to Note 6 — “Equity Method Investment” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information. The change in Other – related party income (expense) was slightly offset by a $11,000 decrease in royalty income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Income Tax Expense – Income tax expense increased $0.2 million to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase was driven by an increase in pretax income.

Net Income – Net income totaled $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to net income of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The $0.3 million increase was primarily attributed to the $0.7 million decrease in total other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, partially offset by the $0.2 million decrease in operating income.

Outstanding Share Data

As of May 6, 2019, there were 21,532,834 shares of our common stock outstanding and options to acquire an additional 495,896 shares of our common stock outstanding.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our capital resources are provided by internally generated cash flows from operations as well as debt and equity financing. Additionally, our regulated utility subsidiaries receive advances and contributions from customers, home builders, and real estate developers to partially fund construction necessary to extend service to new areas. We use our capital resources to:

• fund operating costs;

• fund capital requirements, including construction expenditures;

• pay dividends;

• fund acquisitions;

• make debt and interest payments; and

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• invest in new and existing ventures.

Our utility subsidiaries operate in rate-regulated environments in which the amount of new investment recovery may be limited. Such recovery will take place over an extended period of time because recovery through rate increases is subject to regulatory lag.

As of March 31, 2019, we have no notable near-term cash expenditures or debt obligations. While specific facts and circumstances could change, we believe that we have sufficient cash on hand, the ability to draw on the $8.0 million revolver, and will be able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our operating cash flow requirements and capital expenditure plan as well as remain in compliance with our debt covenants for at least the next twelve months.

In March 2014, we initiated a dividend program to declare and pay a monthly dividend. On November 8, 2018, we announced a monthly dividend increase from $0.023625 per share ($0.2835 per share annually) to $0.023861 per share ($0.286332 per share annually). Although we expect monthly dividends will be declared and paid for the foreseeable future, the declaration of any dividends is at the discretion of our board of directors and is subject to legal requirements and debt service ratio covenant requirements (refer to “—Senior Secured Notes" and "—Revolving Credit Line").

Cash from Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities are used for operating needs and to meet capital expenditure requirements. Our future cash flows from operating activities will be affected by economic utility regulation, infrastructure investment, growth in service connections, customer usage of water, compliance with environmental health and safety standards, production costs, weather, and seasonality.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our net cash provided by operating activities totaled $3.8 million compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The $0.2 million decrease in cash from operating activities was primarily driven by the increase in payments related to accounts payable of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease was partially offset by increases in net income of $0.3 million and depreciation of $0.2 million.

Cash from Investing Activities

Our net cash used in investing activities totaled $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The $0.7 million increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by an increase in capital expenditures of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

We continue to invest capital prudently in our existing, core service areas where we are able to deploy our Total Water Management model as service connections grow. This includes any required maintenance capital expenditures and the construction of new water and wastewater treatment and delivery facilities. Following the most recent Private Letter Ruling extension, we expect an increase in capital expenditures for 2019 compared to 2018 to fully defer the remaining tax liability of approximately $2.0 million as of March 31, 2019 (refer to “—Corporate Transactions—Private Letter Ruling”). Our projected capital expenditures and other investments are subject to periodic review and revision to reflect changes in economic conditions and other factors.

Cash from Financing Activities

Our net cash used in financing activities totaled $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a $0.2 million increase as compared to the $1.2 million in cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This change was primarily driven by an increase in dividends paid of $0.1 million, coupled with a decrease in AIAC of $47,000, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Senior Secured Notes

On June 24, 2016, we issued two series of senior secured notes with a total principal balance of $115.0 million at a blended interest rate of 4.55%. Series A carriesa principal balance of $28.8 million and bears an interest rate of 4.38% over a twelve-year term, with the principal payment due on June 15, 2028. Series B carries a principal balance of $86.3 million and bears an interest rate of 4.58% over a 20-year term. Series B is interest only for the first five years, with $1.9 million principal payments paid semiannually thereafter. The proceeds of the senior secured notes were primarily used to refinance our long-term tax exempt bonds, pursuant to an early redemption option at 103%, plus accrued interest, as a result of the initial public offering of our common stock in May 2016.

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The senior secured notes require the Company to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated debt service of at least 1.10 to 1.00. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated as net income plus depreciation, taxes, interest and other non-cash charges net of non-cash income. Consolidated debt service is calculated as interest expense, principal payments, and dividend or stock repurchases. The senior secured notes also contain a provision limiting the payment of dividends if the Company falls below a debt service ratio of 1.25. However, for the quarter ending June 30, 2021 through the quarter ending March 31, 2024, the ratio drops to 1.20. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with its financial debt covenants.

Debt issuance costs as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $0.6 million.

Revolving Credit Line

On April 20, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement ("Loan Agreement") with MidFirst Bank, a federally chartered savings association, on the terms and subject to conditions set forth in the Loan Agreement, for a revolving credit facility in the maximum principal amount of $8.0 million. The Company intends to use the borrowings for future acquisitions and general corporate purposes.

Borrowings under the Loan Agreement will bear interest at a rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 2.25%. The original scheduled maturity date of April 30, 2020, subject to certain prepayment requirements upon a change of control, was extended in April 2019 to April 30, 2022.

The Loan Agreement contains a debt service coverage ratio financial maintenance covenant and contains certain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability to: create liens and other encumbrances; incur additional indebtedness; merge, liquidate or consolidate with another entity; dispose of or transfer assets; make distributions or other restricted payments (including dividends); engage in certain affiliate transactions; and change the nature of the business. The foregoing covenants are subject to various qualifications and limitations as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the revolving credit facility will be subject to certain customary events of default after which the revolving credit facility may be declared due and payable if not cured within the grace period or, in certain circumstances, may be declared due and payable immediately. Refer to Note 12 — "Debt" of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with its financial debt covenants.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit line. The Company incurred no debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2019 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2018.

Insurance Coverage

We carry various property, casualty, and financial insurance policies with limits, deductibles, and exclusions consistent with industry standards. However, insurance coverage may not be adequate or available to cover unanticipated losses or claims. We are self-insured to the extent that losses are within the policy deductible or exceed the amount of insurance maintained. Such losses could have a material adverse effect on our short-term and long-term financial condition and the results of operations and cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments, and Estimates

The application of critical accounting policies is particularly important to our financial condition and results of operations and provides a framework for management to make significant estimates, assumptions, and other judgments. Additionally, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow are impacted by the methods, assumptions, and estimates used in the application of critical accounting policies. Although our management believes that these estimates, assumptions, and other judgments are appropriate, they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. Accordingly, changes in the estimates, assumptions, and other judgments applied to these accounting policies could have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations as reflected in our financial statements.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed under “Managements’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments, and Estimates” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2019 other than as disclosed below.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company identified its sources of revenue streams that fall within the scope of this guidance and applied the five-step model to all qualifying revenue streams to determine when to recognize revenue. Refer to Note 3 — "Revenue Recognition" of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of

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this Form 10-Q for additional information.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

			Payments Due By Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		More than 5 Years
Long term debt obligations	$	115,030	$	4	$	1,927	$	7,668	$	105,431
Interest on long-term debt (2)	62,006		5,212		10,421		10,288		36,085
Capital lease obligations	277		53		155		69		—
Interest on capital lease	37		13		21		3		—
Operating lease obligations	623		164		428		31		—
FATHOM™ purchase obligations(3)	350		350		—		—		—
Total(1)	$	178,323	$	5,796	$	12,952	$	18,059	$	141,516

(1) In addition to these obligations, the Company pays annual refunds on AIAC over a specific period of time based on operating revenues generated from developer-installed infrastructure. The refund amounts are considered an investment in infrastructure and eligible for inclusion in future rate base. These refund amounts are not included in the above table because the refund amounts and timing are dependent upon several variables, including new customer connections, customer consumption levels, and future rate increases, which cannot be accurately estimated. Portions of these refund amounts are payable annually over the next two decades, and amounts not paid by the contract expiration dates become nonrefundable and are transferred to CIAC.

(2) Interest on the long-term debt is based on the fixed rates of the Company’s senior secured notes.

(3) The Company entered into an agreement with FATHOM™ to replace a majority of its meter infrastructure in 2016. This project was completed in 2017. The final amount to be paid is pending completion pursuant to the terms of the agreement. Refer to Note 9 – “Transactions with Related Parties” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is exposed to market risk associated with changes in commodity prices, equity prices, and interest rates. The Company uses fixed-rate long-term debt to reduce the risk from interest rate fluctuations. Although the Company’s currently outstanding long-term debt is based on fixed rates, changes in interest rates could impact the fair market value of such long-term debt.  As of March 31, 2019, the fair market value of the Company’s long-term debt was $111.8 million.  For additional information about the Company’s long-term debt, refer to Note 12 — “Debt” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

Other than interest-related risks, the Company believes the risks associated with price increases for chemicals, electricity, and other commodities are mitigated by the Company’s ability over the long-term to recover its costs through rate increases to its customers, though such recovery is subject to regulatory lag.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer, reviewed and evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of business, we may, from time to time, be subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. To our knowledge, we are not involved in any legal proceeding which is expected to have a material effect on us.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

a) Sales of Unregistered Securities

No unregistered securities were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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b) Use of Proceeds

None.

c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

ITEM 3.     DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.     OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit	Method of Filing
2.1.1	Arrangement Agreement	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed January 19, 2016.
2.1.2	Plan of Arrangement	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1.2 of Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed April 13, 2016.
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Global Water Resources, Inc.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 4, 2016.
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Global Water Resources, Inc.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 4, 2016.
10.1	First Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated April 1, 2019, by and between Global Water Resources, Inc. and MidFirst Bank	Filed herewith.
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer	Filed herewith.
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith.
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer	Furnished herewith.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	Filed herewith.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Filed herewith.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.
101. PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Global Water Resources, Inc.
Date:	May 8, 2019	By:	/s/ Michael J. Liebman
			Michael J. Liebman
			Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary
			(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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