S-1/A

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 20, 2013

Registration No. 333-188547

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1

To

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(Name of registrant in its charter)

Nevada	2834	26-1434750
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306

New York, New York 10022

(212) 980-9155

(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices and principal place of business)

Seth Lederman

Chief Executive Officer

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306

New York, New York 10022

(212) 980-9155

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Copies to:

Marc J. Ross, Esq. James M. Turner, Esq. Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP 61 Broadway, 32nd Flr. New York, New York 10006 (212) 930-9700 (212) 930-9725 (fax) John Hogoboom, Esq. Lowenstein Sandler LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10020 (212) 262-6700 (phone) (973) 597-2500 (facsimile)

APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filed,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company x
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class Of Securities To Be Registered	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (1) (2)		Amount Of Registration Fee
Units, each unit consisting of: (3)	$	13,800,000	$	1,882.32
(i) one share of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (4)		-		-
(ii) one Series A Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock (4)		-		-
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Series A Warrants included in Units		13,800,000		1,882.32
Underwriter Warrants (4)		-		-
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Underwriter Warrants (5)		552,000		75.29
Total	$	28,152,000	$	3,839.93	(6)

(1)	Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act of 1933”).
(2)	Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of additional shares of common stock as may be issued after the date hereof as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
(3)	Includes units the underwriters have the option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.
(4)	No separate fee is required pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933.
(5)	Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933.
(6)	$3,339.07 previously paid.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities under this prospectus until the registration statement of which it is a part and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 20, 2013

1,920,000 Units

Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock

and

One Series A Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock

We are offering 1,920,000 units (assuming an offering price of $6.25 per unit, the last reported sale price of our common stock on June 18, 2013), each of which consists of one share of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and one Series A Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of [ * ] per share. The Series A Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date. No units will be issued, however, and purchasers will receive only shares of common stock and Series A Warrants. The common stock and the Series A Warrants may be transferred separately immediately upon issuance.

We have applied to list our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “TNXP”.   Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the same symbol. On June 18, 2013, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $6.25 per share. We do not intend to list the Series A Warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market and we do not expect that a public trading market will develop for any of the Series A Warrants.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making any investment in our common stock, you should read and carefully consider the risks described in this prospectus under “Risk Factors ” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Per Unit	Total
Public offering price	$	$
Underwriting discounts and commissions (1)	$	$
Proceeds to us, before expenses	$	$

(1) The underwriters will receive compensation in addition to the underwriting discount. See “Underwriting” beginning on page 89 of this prospectus for a description of compensation payable to the underwriters.

We have granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to (i) 288,000 additional units, (ii) 288,000 additional shares of common stock and/or (iii) additional warrants to purchase up to 288,000 shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, if any. If the underwriters exercise the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us will be $[ * ], and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $[ * ].

In addition to the discounts and commissions listed above, we have agreed to issue to the underwriters or their designees underwriter warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 4% of the total number of shares included in the units. The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part also covers the underwriter warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise thereof. We also have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain of their out-of-pocket expenses. See “Underwriting” for a description of these arrangements.

The underwriters expect to deliver the units against payment on or about [ * ], 2013.

Roth Capital Partners

National Securities Corporation

This prospectus is dated                    , 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	1
Prospectus Summary	2
Risk Factors	7
Use of Proceeds	32
Market For Common Stock and Related Shareholder Matters	33
Dilution	34
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Business	43
Description of Property	69
Legal Proceedings	69
Management	70
Executive Compensation	78
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions	81
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management	82
Description of Capital Stock	85
Description of Securities we are Offering	87
Underwriting	89
Notice to Investors	91
Legal Matters	93
Experts	93
Additional Information	93
Index to Financial Statements	94

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any authorized free writing prospectus or the time of issuance or sale of any securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should read this prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering in their entirety before making an investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the section of this prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements reflect the current view about future events. When used in this prospectus, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such statements, include, but are not limited to, statements contained in this prospectus relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, a continued decline in general economic conditions nationally and internationally; decreased demand for our products and services; market acceptance of our products and services; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop and commercialize new and improved products and services; our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete customer transactions and capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the risks contained in the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations and any businesses that may be acquired by us. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.

Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained throughout this prospectus and is qualified in its entirety to the more detailed information and financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that should be considered before investing in our common stock. Investors should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the more detailed information regarding our business, the risks of purchasing our common stock discussed in this prospectus under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus and our financial statements and the accompanying notes beginning on page F-1 of this prospectus.

Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, this prospectus includes the accounts of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (“Tonix”), and together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as follows, collectively referred to as “we”, “us” or the “Company”: Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Tonix Sub”), Krele LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Krele”) and Tonix Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the province of New Brunswick, Canada (“Tonix Canada”). Tonix Sub is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tonix, and Krele and Tonix Canada are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Tonix Sub.

Business Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing novel pharmaceutical products for challenging disorders of the central nervous system, or CNS. Our drug development programs are directed toward CNS conditions that manifest with pain that originates in the brain, or central pain. Central pain results from abnormal sensory processing in the CNS, rather than from dysfunction in peripheral tissues where pain is perceived. Our lead development program is for the management of fibromyalgia, or FM, a central pain syndrome. We also have a development program for the management of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, in which central pain is a component. Central pain is associated with disturbed sleep, and an improvement in pain or sleep quality can benefit the other symptom. We are developing proprietary products for FM and PTSD that are based on cyclobenzaprine, or CBP, a pharmaceutical agent approved for use in another indication. A very low dose, or VLD, of CBP has been demonstrated to decrease pain and improve sleep quality in subjects with FM. Our products feature new dose, formulation, and delivery characteristics tailored to their chronic therapeutic uses in FM and PTSD, and are intended to be administered sublingually at bedtime. We expect to begin a Phase 2b clinical trial for FM in the third quarter of 2013, which, if successful, will serve as the first of two pivotal studies required for marketing approval in the U.S.

We are currently devoting the majority of our efforts to the development of our lead product candidate, TNX-102 sublingual tablet, or TNX-102 SL. TNX-102 SL is a novel dose and formulation of CBP, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of two widely prescribed muscle relaxant products, Flexeril^® and Amrix^®. We believe that TNX-102 SL is an optimized CBP product for the treatment of FM and PTSD, and is distinct from current CBP products in three ways: (1) it is being developed at a dose level significantly below the lowest marketed doses of current CBP products; (2) it is placed under the tongue, to disintegrate, dissolve and provide sublingual absorption, whereas current CBP products are swallowed and provide absorption in the small intestine; and (3) it is being developed for chronic use, whereas current CBP products are marketed for two to three weeks of use.

Our therapeutic strategy is supported by results from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study of VLD CBP taken between dinner and bedtime in 36 subjects with FM, which demonstrated a significant decrease in pain and other symptoms after eight weeks of treatment. This study also demonstrated that VLD CBP led to a significant improvement in objective measures of sleep quality. Our Phase 1 studies demonstrated TNX-102 SL to have a pharmacokinetic profile distinct from that of oral CBP products, which we believe supports chronic bedtime administration for the treatment of FM and PTSD.

FM is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. According to the National Institutes of Health, there are approximately five million people suffering from FM in the U.S. The peak incidence of FM occurs at 20-50 years of age, and 80-90% of diagnosed patients are female. FM may have a substantial negative impact on social and occupational function, including disrupted relationships with family and friends, social isolation, reduced activities of daily living and leisure activities, avoidance of physical activity, and loss of career or inability to advance in careers or education.

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Although the disordered brain processes that underlie FM are yet to be fully understood, the mechanisms of drugs that treat central pain are believed to target certain aspects of nerve signaling. Three drugs, Lyrica^® (pregabalin), Cymbalta^® (duloxetine), and Savella^® (milnacipran), are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for the management of FM and are believed to act upon molecular pathways involved in central pain. Lyrica is believed to affect nerve signaling by blocking calcium channels on nerve cells, and is considered a nerve membrane stabilizer. Cymbalta and Savella are believed to directly inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by nerves, and are referred to as Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors, or SNRIs. CBP, the active ingredient of TNX-102 SL, is a selective antagonist of serotonin and norepinephrine receptors as well as an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, and we refer to it as a Serotonin and Norepinephrine receptor Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor, or SNARI.

As many products used for the treatment of FM are approved and marketed for other conditions, sales of these products related specifically to FM can only be estimated. Based on information obtained from publicly available sources, we believe U.S. sales of prescription drugs specifically for the treatment of FM totaled approximately $1.5 billion in 2012, and we believe this segment had grown at a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 14% in 2007-12. Based on information obtained from publicly available sources, we believe 2012 sales of Cymbalta, Lyrica, and Savella in FM were approximately $600 million, $475 million, and $100 million, respectively.

Despite the availability and use of a variety of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, FM remains a significant unmet medical need. Many patients fail to adequately respond to the approved medications, or discontinue therapy due to poor tolerability. Prescription pain and sleep medications are frequently taken ‘off-label’ for symptomatic relief, despite the lack of evidence that such medications provide a meaningful or durable therapeutic effect. An important goal of FM treatment is to reduce the dependence on opiate analgesic as well as on benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic medications by FM patients. Since CBP has no recognized addictive potential, we believe that TNX-102 SL, if approved, could reduce the exposure of FM patients to medications that have not been shown to be effective in treating FM and are associated with significant safety risks.

We are currently developing TNX-102 SL for the treatment of FM under an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, filed in the US, and under three Clinical Trial Applications, or CTAs, filed in Canada. For this program, we held an End-of-Phase 2/Pre-Phase 3 meeting with the FDA in February 2013. We are also developing TNX-102 SL for the treatment of PTSD, for which we held a pre-IND meeting in October 2012. We expect that any applications we submit for FDA approval of TNX-102 SL will be submitted under Section 505(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, which we believe will allow for a shorter timeline of clinical and non-clinical development as compared to that needed to fulfill the requirements of Section 505(b)(1), under which new chemical entities, or NCEs, are generally developed to meet the FDA’s requirements for new drug approvals.

TNX-102 SL is a small, rapidly disintegrating tablet containing CBP for sublingual administration at bedtime. We designed TNX-102 SL to enable the efficient delivery of CBP to the systemic circulation via sublingual transmucosal absorption and to avoid first-pass liver metabolism. We also designed TNX-102 SL to provide CBP at doses lower than those currently available. We have conducted several clinical and non-clinical pharmacokinetic studies of TNX-102 sublingual formulations, which we believe support the development of TNX-102 SL as a novel therapeutic product for FM and PTSD, and which demonstrate a number of potentially advantageous characteristics as compared to current CBP-containing products, none of which are approved for these indications. For example, our Phase 1 comparative study showed that TNX-102 SL results in faster systemic absorption and significantly higher plasma levels of CBP in the first hour following administration relative to oral CBP tablets. TNX-102 SL was generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported in this study. Some subjects experienced transient numbness on the tongue after TNX-102 SL administration, and other side-effects reported were similar to those associated with current CBP products.

At our End-of-Phase 2/Pre-Phase 3 meeting with the FDA in February 2013, we discussed the design of the clinical program, including the acceptability of the pivotal study design and the proposed registration plan, to support the approval of TNX-102 SL for the management of FM. We believe that positive results from two adequate, well-controlled safety and efficacy studies and the completion of long-term open-label safety exposure studies per FDA and International Conference on Harmonization, or ICH, requirements for chronic use would support the approval of TNX-102 SL for the management of FM. Under the IND, we plan to initiate a potential pivotal trial (Phase 2b) in FM in the third quarter of 2013. We have entered into a non-binding letter of intent to engage Premier Research International, LLC, a contract research organization, or CRO, to provide clinical and data management services for this Phase 2b trial.

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We are also advancing TNX-102 SL for the management of PTSD. We held a pre-IND meeting with the FDA in October 2012, and we plan to file an IND to initiate a proof-of-concept study in the third quarter of 2013. We plan to begin this trial of TNX-102 SL in the fourth quarter of 2013. Based on our pre-IND discussion with the FDA, the clinical data necessary to support the PTSD New Drug Application, or NDA, approval will be comprised of positive results from two adequate, well-controlled efficacy and safety studies and safety exposure data. We expect to be able to rely, at least in part, on safety exposure data generated by our clinical development of TNX-102 SL in FM for the purpose of the NDA requirements for PTSD.

We have a pipeline of other product candidates, including TNX-201 and TNX-301. TNX-201 is based on isometheptene mucate and is under development as a treatment for certain types of headaches. TNX-201 is a pure isomer of isometheptene mucate, which has been approved and marketed only as a mixture of two isomers. TNX-301 is a fixed dose combination of two FDA-approved drugs, disulfiram and selegiline, and is under development as a treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence. Due to our size and being in the development stage, we do not currently devote a significant amount of time or resources towards our other pipeline candidates. We may perform non-clinical development work on TNX-201 and possibly on TNX-301, but we do not expect to start clinical trials of either of these candidates until 2014 at the earliest. For competitive reasons, we do not disclose the identities of the active ingredients or targeted indications in our pipeline until a U.S. patent has been allowed or issued.

In August 2010, we formed Krele to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate NDA products. We anticipate that when our branded products lose patent protection, Krele may market authorized generic versions of them. Krele also may develop or acquire generic products approved under FDA abbreviated new drug applications, or ANDAs, and we may market branded versions (branded generics) of such products. Krele has been issued a state license in New York.

Corporate Structure

We were incorporated on November 16, 2007 under the laws of the State of Nevada as Tamandare Explorations Inc. From inception through October 2011, we were involved in the acquisition, exploration and development of natural resource properties in the State of Nevada. On October 7, 2011, we executed and consummated a share exchange agreement by and among Tonix Sub and the stockholders of 100% of the equity securities of Tonix Sub, including, the holders of 5,207,500 shares of common stock, 1,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 2,275,527 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Tonix Shareholders”), on the one hand, and us and David Moss, our then sole officer and director and majority shareholder, on the other hand (the “Share Exchange Agreement” and the transaction, the “Share Exchange”).

In the Share Exchange, the Tonix Shareholders exchanged their shares of Tonix Sub for newly issued shares of our common stock. As a result, upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Sub became our wholly-owned subsidiary.

Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Shareholders received an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of our common stock. Mr. Moss returned 75,000 shares of common stock to us, which were retired, and our existing shareholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Shareholders constituted approximately 85% of our 1,333,334 issued and outstanding shares of common stock immediately after the consummation of the Share Exchange.

As a result of the Share Exchange, we acquired 100% of the capital stock of Tonix Sub and consequently, control of the business and operations of Tonix Sub and Krele. From and after the consummation of the Share Exchange, our primary operations consist of the business and operations of Tonix Sub and Krele.

On October 11, 2011, we changed our name to Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. to reflect our new business.

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On April 23, 2013, we formed Tonix Canada as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tonix Sub. Tonix Canada is intended to perform research and development efforts in Canada. As a Canadian entity, we expect Tonix Canada will be entitled to receive certain reimbursable tax credits for research expenditures in Canada.

Corporate Background

In 1996, Seth Lederman, MD, and Donald Landry, MD, PhD, formed L & L Technologies, LLC, or L&L, to develop medications for central nervous system, or CNS, conditions. Dr. Lederman is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Dr. Landry is a Director. L&L was a founder of Janus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which later became Vela Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Vela, which developed various therapeutics, including a VLD version of CBP under an agreement with L&L. Vela decided to focus its resources on other programs and transferred the rights to VLD CBP and certain other technologies to L&L in March 2006.

Tonix Sub formed in June 2007 as Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by L&L and Plumbline LLC, or Plumbline. Dr. Lederman is Managing Partner of Plumbline. Plumbline possessed rights to certain technology for the treatment of alcohol dependence and abuse. In connection with founding Tonix Sub, L&L and Plumbline entered into an intellectual property transfer and assignment agreement with Tonix Sub for the purpose of assigning patents and transferring intellectual property and know-how in exchange for shares of common stock of Tonix Sub. As a result of economic conditions related to the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, Tonix Sub was not successful in raising money to fund its programs until 2009. As a result, Tonix Sub was unable to advance the development programs and had little activity except for prosecuting and maintaining patents and maintaining contracts.

In 2009, Tonix Sub contracted with the Toronto Psychiatric Research Foundation to analyze the sleep data from a Phase 2a trial of bedtime VLD CBP in FM (the “Moldofsky Study”). The Moldofsky Study was conducted in Canada by the Toronto Psychiatric Research Foundation, and Tonix Sub obtained the data from this study from L&L. In addition, in 2009, Tonix Sub contracted with Caliper Life Sciences Inc., or Caliper, to analyze the interactions of CBP with certain receptors. In June 2010, Tonix Sub entered into consulting agreements with L&L and Lederman & Co., LLC, or Lederman & Co, and also acquired certain rights to develop isometheptene mucate as a treatment for certain types of headaches from Lederman & Co, which we are developing as TNX-201. Dr. Lederman is the managing partner of Lederman & Co. Between June 2010 and October 2011, Tonix Sub was active in recruiting new officers and directors and initiating preclinical and clinical development of novel CBP formulations.

Lederman & Co predominantly provides us with clinical development expertise. L&L predominantly provided us with scientific development expertise until the termination of the consulting agreement in June 2012. Relative to traditional pharmaceutical development companies, we can be considered a virtual company, since we contract with third-party vendors to provide many functions that are core to traditional pharmaceutical companies. For example, we have contracted with PharmaNet Canada, Inc., or PharmaNet Canada, to develop methods for analyzing CBP in the blood and to conduct human clinical studies to evaluate the performance of our formulation technology. Lederman & Co is responsible for overseeing the scientific and technical aspects of PharmaNet’s contract work product.

In July 2010, Tonix Sub changed its name to Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In August 2010, Tonix Sub formed Krele.

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The Offering

Securities we are offering:	1,920,000 units (assuming an offering price of $6.25 per unit, the last reported sale price of our common stock on June 18, 2013), each consisting of one share of our common stock and one Series A Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $[  *  ] per share. The Series A Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date.
Public offering price:	$[  *  ] per unit.
Common stock outstanding before this offering:	2,197,490 shares.
Common stock included in the units:	1,920,000 shares or 3,840,000 shares if the warrants sold in this offering are exercised in full.
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering:	4,117,490 shares or 6,037,490 shares if the warrants sold in this offering are exercised in full.
Use of proceeds:	We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for the clinical development of TNX-102 SL, including a Phase 2b clinical trial for the treatment of FM, and for general corporate purposes, including working capital and operational purposes, including pre-clinical development. For a more complete description of our intended use of proceeds from this offering, see “Use of Proceeds.”
Market Symbol and Listing:	Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “TNXP”.  We have applied to have our common stock listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the same symbol.  There is no established trading market for the Series A Warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series A Warrants on any national securities exchange or other trading market.
Risk Factors:	Investing in our securities involves substantial risks. You should carefully review and consider the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to invest in our securities.

The number of shares of our common stock outstanding prior to and to be outstanding immediately after this offering, as set forth in the table above, is based on 2,197,490 shares outstanding as of June 18, 2013 and excludes:

• 1,232,400 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding at June 18, 2013 with a weighted average exercise price of $14.52 per share;

• 376,500 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding at June 18, 2013 with a weighted average exercise price of $18.09 per share;

• 173,500 shares of common stock reserved for future grants, awards and issuance under our equity compensation plan as of June 18, 2013;

• shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series A Warrants offered hereby;

• shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the underwriter warrants; and

• shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus reflects the 1-for-20 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock that was effected on May 1, 2013.

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RISK FACTORS

This investment has a high degree of risk. Before you invest you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed and the value of our stock could go down. This means you could lose all or a part of your investment.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We may never generate revenues or, if we are able to generate revenues, achieve profitability.

We are focused on product development, and we have not generated any revenues to date. We have incurred losses in each year of our operations, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. These operating losses have adversely affected and are likely to continue to adversely affect our working capital, total assets and shareholders’ equity.

The Company and its prospects should be examined in light of the risks and difficulties frequently encountered by new and early stage companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. These risks include, among other things, the speed at which we can scale up operations, our complete dependence upon development of products that currently have no market acceptance, our ability to establish and expand our brand name, our ability to expand our operations to meet the commercial demand of our clients, our development of and reliance on strategic and customer relationships and our ability to minimize fraud and other security risks.

The process of developing our products requires significant clinical, development and laboratory testing and clinical trials. In addition, commercialization of our product candidates will require that we obtain necessary regulatory approvals and establish sales, marketing and manufacturing capabilities, either through internal hiring or through contractual relationships with others. We expect to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future as a result of anticipated increases in our research and development costs, including costs associated with conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials, and regulatory compliance activities.

Our ability to generate revenues and achieve profitability will depend on numerous factors, including success in:

· developing and testing product candidates;

· receiving regulatory approvals;

· commercializing our products; and

· establishing a favorable competitive position.

Many of these factors will depend on circumstances beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will ever have a product approved by the FDA, that we will bring any product to market or, if we are successful in doing so, that we will ever become profitable.

We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years as our research, development, pre-clinical testing, and clinical trial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. We have no products that have generated any commercial revenue, do not expect to generate revenues from the commercial sale of products in the near future, and might never generate revenues from the sale of products. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the development of our product candidates; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA; establishing manufacturing, sales, and marketing arrangements with third parties; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. We might not succeed at any of these undertakings. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

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We have a limited operating history and we expect a number of factors to cause our operating results to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may make it difficult to predict our future performance.

We are a development stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history. Our operations to date have been primarily limited to developing our technology and undertaking preclinical studies and clinical trials of our lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL. We have not yet obtained regulatory approvals for TNX-102 SL or any of our other product candidates. Consequently, any predictions made about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history or commercialized products. Our financial condition has varied significantly in the past and will continue to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter or year-to-year due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Factors relating to our business that may contribute to these fluctuations include other factors described elsewhere in this prospectus and also include:

· our ability to obtain additional funding to develop our product candidates;

· delays in the commencement, enrollment and timing of clinical trials;

· the success of our clinical trials through all phases of clinical development, including our TNX-102 SL trial;

· any delays in regulatory review and approval of product candidates in clinical development;

· our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval for TNX-102 SL or any of our other product candidates in the United States and foreign jurisdictions;

· potential side effects of our product candidates that could delay or prevent commercialization, limit the indications for any approved drug, require the establishment of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, or cause an approved drug to be taken off the market;

· our dependence on third-party contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, to supply or manufacture our products;

· our dependence on CROs to conduct our clinical trials;

· our ability to establish or maintain collaborations, licensing or other arrangements;

· market acceptance of our product candidates;

· our ability to establish and maintain an effective sales and marketing infrastructure, either through the creation of a commercial infrastructure or through strategic collaborations;

· competition from existing products or new products that may emerge;

· the ability of patients or healthcare providers to obtain coverage of or sufficient reimbursement for our products;

· our ability to leverage our proprietary technology platform to discover and develop additional product candidates;

· our ability and our licensors’ abilities to successfully obtain, maintain, defend and enforce intellectual property rights important to our business;

· our ability to attract and retain key personnel to manage our business effectively;

· our ability to build our finance infrastructure and improve our accounting systems and controls;

· potential product liability claims;

· potential liabilities associated with hazardous materials; and

· our ability to obtain and maintain adequate insurance policies.

Accordingly, the results of any quarterly or annual periods should not be relied upon as indications of future operating performance.

We received a report from our independent registered public accounting firm with an explanatory paragraph for the year ended December 31, 2012 with respect to our ability to continue as a going concern.  The existence of such a report may adversely affect our stock price and our ability to raise capital.  There is no assurance that we will not receive a similar report for our year ended December 31, 2013.

In their report dated March 8, 2013, our independent registered public accounting firm expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as we have incurred losses since inception of development stage, have a negative cash flow from operations, and require additional financing to fund future operations. Our ability to continue as a going concern is subject to our ability to obtain necessary funding from outside sources, including obtaining additional funding from the sale of our securities, obtaining loans and grants from various financial institutions where possible. Our continued net operating losses increase the difficulty in meeting such goals and there can be no assurances that such methods will prove successful.

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We have no approved products on the market and therefore do not expect to generate any revenues from product sales in the foreseeable future, if at all.

To date, we have no approved product on the market and have generated no product revenues. We have funded our operations primarily from sales of our securities. We have not received, and do not expect to receive for at least the next several years, if at all, any revenues from the commercialization of our product candidates. To obtain revenues from sales of our product candidates, we must succeed, either alone or with third parties, in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for, manufacturing and marketing drugs with commercial potential. We may never succeed in these activities, and we may not generate sufficient revenues to continue our business operations or achieve profitability.

We are largely dependent on the success of our lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL, and we cannot be certain that this product candidate will receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized.

We currently have no products for sale, and we cannot guarantee that we will ever have any drug products approved for sale. We and our product candidates are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in other countries governing, among other things, research, testing, clinical trials, manufacturing, labeling, promotion, selling, adverse event reporting and recordkeeping. We are not permitted to market any of our product candidates in the United States until we receive approval of an NDA for a product candidate from the FDA or the equivalent approval from a foreign regulatory authority. Obtaining FDA approval is a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process. We currently have one lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL for the treatment of FM, and the success of our business currently depends on its successful development, approval and commercialization. Any projected sales or future revenue predictions are predicated upon FDA approval and market acceptance of TNX-102 SL. If projected sales do not materialize for any reason, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to continue operations.

TNX-102 SL has not completed the clinical development process; therefore, we have not yet submitted an NDA or foreign equivalent or received marketing approval for this product candidate anywhere in the world. The clinical development program for TNX-102 SL may not lead to commercial products for a number of reasons, including if we fail to obtain necessary approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities because our clinical trials fail to demonstrate to their satisfaction that this product candidate is safe and effective or the clinical program may be put on hold due to unexpected safety issues with marketed CBP products. We may also fail to obtain the necessary approvals if we have inadequate financial or other resources to advance our product candidates through the clinical trial process. Any failure or delay in completing clinical trials or obtaining regulatory approval for TNX-102 SL in a timely manner would have a material adverse impact on our business and our stock price.

We may use our financial and human resources to pursue a particular research program or product candidate and fail to capitalize on programs or product candidates that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

Because we have limited financial and human resources, we are currently focusing on the regulatory approval of TNX-102 SL. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or for other indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Our spending on existing and future product candidates for specific indications may not yield any commercially viable products. If we do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular product candidate, we may relinquish valuable rights to that product candidate through strategic alliance, licensing or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been more advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights to such product candidate, or we may allocate internal resources to a product candidate in a therapeutic area in which it would have been more advantageous to enter into a partnering arrangement.

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We need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.

In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and time-consuming research, preclinical and clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least the next six months, and we anticipate that we will require additional capital to complete the planned pivotal trial of TNX-102 SL in FM. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. We may, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than we anticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:

· successful commercialization of our product candidates;

· the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;

· costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;

· development of marketing and sales capabilities;

· payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and

· market acceptance of our products.

To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. In addition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on such indebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us than might otherwise be available.

We will require substantial additional funds to support our research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If we do not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from the FDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractive business opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on our shareholders.

There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficient capital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of our remaining assets.

We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do, and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.

We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by large companies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlier than we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products.

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Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our product candidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of non-patent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newly-approved drug product. Periods of non-patent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and one-half years. See “Business—Government Regulation.”

These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which would be costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.

Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.

We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we are pursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval for products more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technology or product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies that internally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop their technologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decrease in the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.

There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments. Furthermore, if our competitors' products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products are successfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s) as a treatment of choice.

Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith are numerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenues or income with certainty or even confidence.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erode our competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights.

We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defending patents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwise may not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significant investments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sell our potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and other international governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matter of public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by United States courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.

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Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Third parties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop. Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatory delays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire or remain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.

In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “PTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patent applications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnology-related inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovations exemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtain patents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.

Our success depends on our patents, patent applications that may be licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We may not be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize our product candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that may invalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.

In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures to protect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do not adequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others may independently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage we may have.

Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that such protections will prove inadequate.

We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents, which could be expensive and time consuming.

The pharmaceutical industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights, and companies have employed intellectual property litigation to gain a competitive advantage. We may become subject to infringement claims or litigation arising out of patents and pending applications of our competitors, or additional interference proceedings declared by the PTO to determine the priority of inventions. The defense and prosecution of intellectual property suits, PTO proceedings, and related legal and administrative proceedings are costly and time-consuming to pursue, and their outcome is uncertain. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our issued patents, to protect our trade secrets and know-how, or to determine the enforceability, scope, and validity of the proprietary rights of others. An adverse determination in litigation or interference proceedings to which we may become a party could subject us to significant liabilities, require us to obtain licenses from third parties, or restrict or prevent us from selling our products in certain markets. Although patent and intellectual property disputes might be settled through licensing or similar arrangements, the costs associated with such arrangements may be substantial and could include our paying large fixed payments and ongoing royalties. Furthermore, the necessary licenses may not be available on satisfactory terms or at all.

Competitors may infringe our patents, and we may file infringement claims to counter infringement or unauthorized use. This can be expensive, particularly for a company of our size, and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover its technology. An adverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly.

12

Also, a third party may assert that our patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. There are no unresolved communications, allegations, complaints or threats of litigation related to the possibility that our patents are invalid or unenforceable. Any litigation or claims against us, whether or not merited, may result in substantial costs, place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management and harm our reputation. An adverse decision in litigation could result in inadequate protection for our product candidates and/or reduce the value of any license agreements we have with third parties.

Interference proceedings brought before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may be necessary to determine priority of invention with respect to our patents or patent applications. During an interference proceeding, it may be determined that we do not have priority of invention for one or more aspects in our patents or patent applications and could result in the invalidation in part or whole of a patent or could put a patent application at risk of not issuing. Even if successful, an interference proceeding may result in substantial costs and distraction to our management.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation or interference proceedings, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If investors perceive these results to be negative, the price of our common stock could be adversely affected.

If we infringe the rights of third parties we could be prevented from selling products, forced to pay damages, and defend against litigation.

If our products, methods, processes and other technologies infringe the proprietary rights of other parties, we could incur substantial costs and we may have to: obtain licenses, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all; abandon an infringing product candidate; redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement; stop using the subject matter claimed in the patents held by others; pay damages; and/or defend litigation or administrative proceedings which may be costly whether we win or lose, and which could result in a substantial diversion of our financial and management resources.

If preclinical testing or clinical trials for our product candidates are unsuccessful or delayed, we will be unable to meet our anticipated development and commercialization timelines.

We rely and expect to continue to rely on third parties, including CROs and outside consultants, to conduct, supervise or monitor some or all aspects of preclinical testing or clinical trials involving our product candidates. We have less control over the timing and other aspects of these preclinical testing or clinical trials than if we performed the monitoring and supervision entirely on our own. Third parties may not perform their responsibilities for our preclinical testing or clinical trials on our anticipated schedule or, for clinical trials, consistent with a clinical trial protocol. Delays in preclinical and clinical testing could significantly increase our product development costs and delay product commercialization. In addition, many of the factors that may cause, or lead to, a delay in the clinical trials may also ultimately lead to denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.

The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:

· demonstrating sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial;

· reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations and trial sites;

· manufacturing sufficient quantities of a product candidate; and

· obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site.

13

Once a clinical trial has begun, it may be delayed, suspended or terminated by us or the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:

· ongoing discussions with the FDA or other regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials;

· failure to conduct clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements;

· lower than anticipated recruitment or retention rate of patients in clinical trials;

· inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold;

· lack of adequate funding to continue clinical trials;

· negative results of clinical trials; or

· side-effects of CBP.

If clinical trials are unsuccessful, and we are not able to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates under development, we will not be able to commercialize these products, and therefore may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to support our business.

We rely on third parties to conduct, supervise and monitor our clinical trials, and if those third parties perform in an unsatisfactory manner, it may harm our business.

We rely on CROs and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials. While we have agreements governing their activities, we will have limited influence over their actual performance. We will control only certain aspects of our CROs’ activities. Nevertheless, we will be responsible for ensuring that our clinical trials are conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards and our reliance on the CROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities.

We and our CROs are required to comply with the FDA’s current good clinical practices requirements, or cGCP, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of clinical trial participants are protected. The FDA enforces these cGCPs through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and clinical trial sites. If we or our CROs fail to comply with applicable cGCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving any marketing applications. Upon inspection, the FDA may determine that our clinical trials did not comply with cGCPs. In addition, our clinical trials, including our Phase 2b trial of TNX-102 SL in FM, will require a sufficiently large number of test subjects to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a product candidate. Accordingly, if our CROs fail to comply with these regulations or fail to recruit a sufficient number of patients, our clinical trials may be delayed or we may be required to repeat such clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process.

Our CROs are not our employees, and we are not able to control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our clinical trials. These CROs may also have relationships with other commercial entities, including our competitors, for whom they may also be conducting clinical trials, or other drug development activities which could harm our competitive position. If our CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations, fail to meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements, or for any other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our financial results and the commercial prospects for such product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase, and our ability to generate revenues could be delayed.

We also rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug products for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of our distributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidates or commercialization of our products, if approved, producing additional losses and depriving us of potential product revenue.

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We have never conducted a Phase 3 clinical trial or submitted an NDA before, and may be unable to do so for TNX-102 SL and other product candidates we are developing.

If our Phase 2b study of TNX-102 SL is successful, then we expect to conduct a Phase 3 confirmatory study in support of product registration. The conduct of Phase 3 clinical trials and the submission of a successful NDA is a complicated process. Although members of our management team have extensive industry experience, including in the development, clinical testing and commercialization of drug candidates, our company has never conducted a Phase 3 clinical trial before, has limited experience in preparing, submitting and prosecuting regulatory filings, and has not submitted an NDA before. Consequently, we may be unable to successfully and efficiently execute and complete these planned clinical trials in a way that leads to NDA submission and approval of TNX-102 SL and other product candidates we are developing. We may require more time and incur greater costs than our competitors and may not succeed in obtaining regulatory approvals of product candidates that we develop. Failure to commence or complete, or delays in, our planned clinical trials would prevent or delay commercialization of TNX-102 SL and other product candidates we are developing.

Our product candidates may cause serious adverse events or undesirable side effects which may delay or prevent marketing approval, or, if approval is received, require them to be taken off the market, require them to include safety warnings or otherwise limit their sales.

Serious adverse events or undesirable side effects from TNX-102 SL or any of our other product candidates could arise either during clinical development or, if approved, after the approved product has been marketed. The results of future clinical trials, including TNX-102 SL, may show that our product candidates cause serious adverse events or undesirable side effects, which could interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials, resulting in delay of, or failure to obtain, marketing approval from the FDA and other regulatory authorities.

If TNX-102 SL or any of our other product candidates cause serious adverse events or undesirable side effects:

· regulatory authorities may impose a clinical hold which could result in substantial delays and adversely impact our ability to continue development of the product;

· regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, specific warnings, a contraindication or field alerts to physicians and pharmacies;

· we may be required to change the way the product is administered, conduct additional clinical trials or change the labeling of the product;

· we may be required to implement a risk minimization action plan, which could result in substantial cost increases and have a negative impact on our ability to commercialize the product;

· we may be required to limit the patients who can receive the product;

· we may be subject to limitations on how we promote the product;

· sales of the product may decrease significantly;

· regulatory authorities may require us to take our approved product off the market;

· we may be subject to litigation or product liability claims; and

· our reputation may suffer.

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product or could substantially increase commercialization costs and expenses, which in turn could delay or prevent us from generating significant revenues from the sale of our products.

15

If we are unable to file for approval under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA or if we are required to generate additional data related to safety and efficacy in order to obtain approval under Section 505(b)(2), we may be unable to meet our anticipated development and commercialization timelines.

Our current plans for filing NDAs for our product candidates include efforts to minimize the data we will be required to generate in order to obtain marketing approval for our product candidates and therefore possibly obtain a shortened review period for the applications. We met with the FDA in February 2013 to discuss the development of our lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL, in FM. We had held a pre-IND meeting in August 2011 to discuss initial plans for the development of TNX-102 gelcap in FM. Although these interactions with the FDA have encouraged our efforts to continue to develop TNX-102 SL for FM, there is no assurance that we will satisfy the FDA’s requirements for approval in this indication. We have not come to any agreement with the FDA as to the nature and extent of studies we may be required to conduct in order to achieve approval of TNX-102 SL in PTSD. The timeline for filing and review of our NDAs is based on our plan to submit those NDAs under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA, wherein we will rely in part on data in the public domain or elsewhere. We have not yet filed an NDA under Section 505(b)(2) for any of our lead product candidates. Depending on the data that may be required by the FDA for approval, some of the data may be related to products already approved by the FDA. If the data relied upon is related to products already approved by the FDA and covered by third-party patents we would be required to certify that we do not infringe the listed patents or that such patents are invalid or unenforceable. As a result of the certification, the third-party would have 45 days from notification of our certification to initiate an action against us. In the event that an action is brought in response to such a certification, the approval of our NDA could be subject to a stay of up to 30 months or more while we defend against such a suit. Approval of our product candidates under Section 505(b)(2) may therefore be delayed until patent exclusivity expires or until we successfully challenge the applicability of those patents to our product candidates. Alternatively, we may elect to generate sufficient additional clinical data so that we no longer rely on data which triggers a potential stay of the approval of our product candidates. Even if no exclusivity periods apply to our applications under Section 505(b)(2), the FDA has broad discretion to require us to generate additional data on the safety and efficacy of our product candidates to supplement third-party data on which we may be permitted to rely. In either event, we could be required, before obtaining marketing approval for any of our product candidates, to conduct substantial new research and development activities beyond those we currently plan to engage in order to obtain approval of our product candidates. Such additional new research and development activities would be costly and time consuming.

We may not be able to obtain shortened review of our applications, and the FDA may not agree that our products qualify for marketing approval. If CBP-containing products are withdrawn from the market by the FDA for any reason, we may not be able to reference such products to support a 505(b)(2) NDA for TNX-102 SL, and we may need to fulfill the more extensive requirements of Section 505(b)(1). If we are required to generate additional data to support approval, we may be unable to meet our anticipated development and commercialization timelines, may be unable to generate the additional data at a reasonable cost, or at all, and may be unable to obtain marketing approval of our product candidates.

We will need to expand our operations and increase the size of our company, and we may experience difficulties in managing growth.

As we advance our product candidates through preclinical studies and clinical trials and develop new product candidates, we will need to increase our product development, scientific and administrative headcount to manage these programs. In addition, to meet our obligations as a public company, we will need to increase our general and administrative capabilities. Our management, personnel and systems currently in place may not be adequate to support this future growth. Our need to effectively manage our operations, growth and various projects requires that we:

· successfully attract and recruit new employees with the expertise and experience we will require;

· manage our clinical programs effectively, which we anticipate being conducted at numerous clinical sites;

· develop a marketing, distribution and sales infrastructure if we seek to market our products directly; and

· continue to improve our operational, manufacturing, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures.

If we are unable to successfully manage this growth and increased complexity of operations, our business may be adversely affected.

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Our executive officers and other key personnel are critical to our business, and our future success depends on our ability to retain them.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Seth Lederman, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Lederman has overseen Tonix Sub since inception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor on many of our patents. Loss of the services of Dr. Lederman would have a material adverse effect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We have key-man insurance on the lives of Dr. Lederman, Dr. Leland Gershell, our Chief Financial Officer, and Dr. Bruce Daugherty, our Senior Director of Drug Development. We are also highly dependent on our directors and scientific team. We are not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. However, we have no employment agreement with Dr. Lederman and while we have employment agreements with certain of our employees, all of our employees may terminate their employment at any time. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any employment agreement we enter into will not ensure the retention of the employee who is a party to the agreement. In addition, we have only limited ability to prevent former employees from competing with us. Furthermore, our future success will also depend in part on the continued service of our key scientific and management personnel and our ability to identify, hire, and retain additional personnel. We experience intense competition for qualified personnel and may be unable to attract and retain the personnel necessary for the development of our business. Moreover, our work force is located in the “Pharmaceutical Corridor” that spans New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, where competition for personnel with the scientific and technical skills that we seek is extremely high and is likely to remain high. Because of this competition, our compensation costs may increase significantly.

If we are unable to hire additional qualified personnel, our ability to grow our business may be harmed.

Over time we will need to hire additional qualified personnel with expertise in drug development, product registration, clinical and non-clinical research, quality compliance, government regulation, formulation and manufacturing, financial matters and sales and marketing. We compete for qualified individuals with numerous biopharmaceutical companies, universities and other research institutions. Competition for such individuals is intense, and we cannot be certain that our search for such personnel will be successful. Attracting and retaining qualified personnel will be critical to our success.

We rely on third parties to manufacture the compounds used in our trials, and we intend to rely on them for the manufacture of any approved products for commercial sale. If these third parties do not manufacture our product candidates in sufficient quantities and at an acceptable cost, clinical development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed, prevented or impaired.

We have no manufacturing facilities, and we have no experience in the clinical or commercial-scale manufacture of drugs or in designing drug manufacturing processes. We intend to rely on CMOs to manufacture some or all of our product candidates in clinical trials and our products that reach commercialization. Completion of our clinical trials and commercialization of our product candidates requires manufacturing of a sufficient supply of our product candidates. We have contracted with outside sources to manufacture our development compounds, including TNX-102 SL. If, for any reason, we become unable to rely on our current sources for the manufacture of our product candidates, either for clinical trials or, at some future date, for commercial quantities, then we would need to identify and contract with additional or replacement third-party manufacturers to manufacture compounds for pre-clinical, clinical, and commercial purposes. Although we are in discussions with other manufacturers we have identified as potential alternative CMOs of TNX-102 SL, we may not be successful in negotiating acceptable terms with any of them.

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We believe that there are a variety of manufacturers that we may be able to retain to produce these products. However, once we retain a manufacturing source, if our manufacturers do not perform in a satisfactory manner, we may not be able to develop or commercialize potential products as planned. Certain specialized manufacturers are expected to provide us with modified and unmodified pharmaceutical compounds, including finished products, for use in our preclinical and clinical studies. Some of these materials are available from only one supplier or vendor. Any interruption in or termination of service by such sole source suppliers could result in a delay or interruption in manufacturing until we locate an alternative source of supply. Any delay or interruption in manufacturing operations (or failure to locate a suitable replacement for such suppliers) could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, or results of operations. We do not have any short-term or long-term manufacturing agreements with many of these manufacturers. If we fail to contract for manufacturing on acceptable terms or if third-party manufacturers do not perform as we expect, our development programs could be materially adversely affected. This may result in delays in filing for and receiving FDA approval for one or more of our products. Any such delays could cause our prospects to suffer significantly.

Failure by our third-party manufacturers to comply with the regulatory guidelines set forth by the FDA with respect to our product candidates could delay or prevent the completion of clinical trials, the approval of any product candidates or the commercialization of our products.

Such third-party manufacturers must be inspected by FDA for current Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, compliance before they can produce commercial product. We may be in competition with other companies for access to these manufacturers' facilities and may be subject to delays in manufacture if the manufacturers give other clients higher priority than they give to us. If we are unable to secure and maintain third-party manufacturing capacity, the development and sales of our products and our financial performance may be materially affected.

Manufacturers are obligated to operate in accordance with FDA-mandated requirements. A failure of any of our third-party manufacturers to establish and follow cGMP requirements and to document their adherence to such practices may lead to significant delays in the availability of material for clinical trials, may delay or prevent filing or approval of marketing applications for our products, and may cause delays or interruptions in the availability of our products for commercial distribution following FDA approval. This could result in higher costs to us or deprive us of potential product revenues.

Complying with cGMP and non-U.S. regulatory requirements will require that we expend time, money, and effort in production, recordkeeping, and quality control to assure that the product meets applicable specifications and other requirements. We, or our contracted manufacturing facility, must also pass a pre-approval inspection prior to FDA approval. Failure to pass a pre-approval inspection may significantly delay FDA approval of our products. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we would be subject to possible regulatory action and may be limited in the jurisdictions in which we are permitted to sell our products. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.

Drug manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Agency and corresponding state and foreign agencies to ensure strict compliance with cGMP requirements and other requirements under Federal drug laws, other government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. If we or our third-party manufacturers fail to comply with applicable regulations, sanctions could be imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure by the government to grant marketing approval of drugs, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, seizures or recalls of product, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions.

Corporate and academic collaborators may take actions to delay, prevent, or undermine the success of our products.

Our operating and financial strategy for the development, clinical testing, manufacture, and commercialization of drug candidates is heavily dependent on our entering into collaborations with corporations, academic institutions, licensors, licensees, and other parties. Our current strategy assumes that we will successfully establish these collaborations, or similar relationships; however, there can be no assurance that we will be successful establishing such collaborations. Some of our existing collaborations are, and future collaborations may be, terminable at the sole discretion of the collaborator. Replacement collaborators might not be available on attractive terms, or at all. The activities of any collaborator will not be within our control and may not be within our power to influence. There can be no assurance that any collaborator will perform its obligations to our satisfaction or at all, that we will derive any revenue or profits from such collaborations, or that any collaborator will not compete with us. If any collaboration is not pursued, we may require substantially greater capital to undertake development and marketing of our proposed products and may not be able to develop and market such products effectively, if at all. In addition, a lack of development and marketing collaborations may lead to significant delays in introducing proposed products into certain markets and/or reduced sales of proposed products in such markets.

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Data provided by collaborators and others upon which we rely that has not been independently verified could turn out to be false, misleading, or incomplete.

We rely on third-party vendors, scientists, and collaborators to provide us with significant data and other information related to our projects, clinical trials, and our business. If such third parties provide inaccurate, misleading, or incomplete data, our business, prospects, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our product candidates are novel and still in development.

We are a pharmaceutical company focused on the development of drug product candidates, all of which are still in development. Our drug development methods may not lead to commercially viable drugs for any of several reasons. For example, we may fail to identify appropriate targets or compounds, our drug candidates may fail to be safe and effective in clinical trials, or we may have inadequate financial or other resources to pursue development efforts for our drug candidates. Our drug candidates will require significant additional development, clinical trials, regulatory clearances and additional investment by us or our collaborators before they can be commercialized.

Successful development of our products is uncertain.

Our development of current and future product candidates is subject to the risks of failure and delay inherent in the development of new pharmaceutical products, including: delays in product development, clinical testing, or manufacturing; unplanned expenditures in product development, clinical testing, or manufacturing; failure to receive regulatory approvals; emergence of superior or equivalent products; inability to manufacture on its own, or through any others, product candidates on a commercial scale; and failure to achieve market acceptance.

Because of these risks, our research and development efforts may not result in any commercially viable products. If a significant portion of these development efforts are not successfully completed, required regulatory approvals are not obtained or any approved products are not commercially successfully, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.

Clinical trials required for our product candidates are expensive and time-consuming, and their outcome is uncertain.

In order to obtain FDA approval to market a new drug product, we must demonstrate proof of safety and effectiveness in humans. To meet these requirements, we must conduct “adequate and well controlled” clinical trials. Conducting clinical trials is a lengthy, time-consuming, and expensive process. The length of time may vary substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty, and intended use of the product candidate, and often can be several years or more per trial. Delays associated with products for which we are directly conducting clinical trials may cause us to incur additional operating expenses. The commencement and rate of completion of clinical trials may be delayed by many factors, including, for example: inability to manufacture sufficient quantities of qualified materials under cGMP, for use in clinical trials; slower than expected rates of patient recruitment; failure to recruit a sufficient number of patients; modification of clinical trial protocols; changes in regulatory requirements for clinical trials; the lack of effectiveness during clinical trials; the emergence of unforeseen safety issues; delays, suspension, or termination of the clinical trials due to the institutional review board responsible for overseeing the study at a particular study site; and government or regulatory delays or “clinical holds” requiring suspension or termination of the trials.

The results from early clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of results obtained in later clinical trials. Accordingly, even if we obtain positive results from early clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future clinical trials. Clinical trials may not demonstrate statistically significant safety and effectiveness to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for product candidates.

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Our clinical trials may be conducted in patients with CNS conditions, and in some cases, our products are expected to be used in combination with approved therapies that themselves have significant adverse event profiles. During the course of treatment, these patients could suffer adverse medical events or die for reasons that may or may not be related to our products. We cannot ensure that safety issues will not arise with respect to our products in clinical development.

The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness for the desired indications could harm the development of that product candidate and other product candidates. This failure could cause us to abandon a product candidate and could delay development of other product candidates. Any delay in, or termination of, our clinical trials would delay the filing of our NDAs with the FDA and, ultimately, our ability to commercialize our product candidates and generate product revenues. Any change in, or termination of, our clinical trials could materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operation.

We are subject to extensive and costly government regulation.

Product candidates employing our technology are subject to extensive and rigorous domestic government regulation including regulation by the FDA, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, other divisions of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the United States Department of Justice, state and local governments, and their respective foreign equivalents. The FDA regulates the research, development, preclinical and clinical testing, manufacture, safety, effectiveness, record-keeping, reporting, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale, distribution, import, and export of biopharmaceutical products. The FDA regulates small molecule chemical entities as drugs, subject to an NDA under the FDCA. If products employing our technologies are marketed abroad, they will also be subject to extensive regulation by foreign governments, whether or not they have obtained FDA approval for a given product and its uses. Such foreign regulation may be equally or more demanding than corresponding United States regulation.

Government regulation substantially increases the cost and risk of researching, developing, manufacturing, and selling our products. The regulatory review and approval process, which includes preclinical testing and clinical trials of each product candidate, is lengthy, expensive, and uncertain. We or our collaborators must obtain and maintain regulatory authorization to conduct clinical trials. We or our collaborators must obtain regulatory approval for each product we intend to market, and the manufacturing facilities used for the products must be inspected and meet legal requirements. Securing regulatory approval requires the submission of extensive preclinical and clinical data and other supporting information for each proposed therapeutic indication in order to establish the product's safety and efficacy, and in the case of biologics also potency and purity, for each intended use. The development and approval process takes many years, requires substantial resources, and may never lead to the approval of a product.

Even if we are able to obtain regulatory approval for a particular product, the approval may limit the indicated medical uses for the product, may otherwise limit our ability to promote, sell, and distribute the product, may require that we conduct costly post-marketing surveillance, and/or may require that we conduct ongoing post-marketing studies. Material changes to an approved product, such as, for example, manufacturing changes or revised labeling, may require further regulatory review and approval. Once obtained, any approvals may be withdrawn, including, for example, if there is a later discovery of previously unknown problems with the product, such as a previously unknown safety issue.

If we, our collaborators, or our contract manufacturers fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements at any stage during the regulatory process, such noncompliance could result in, among other things delays in the approval of applications or supplements to approved applications; refusal of a regulatory authority, including the FDA, to review pending market approval applications or supplements to approved applications; warning letters; fines; import and/or export restrictions; product recalls or seizures; injunctions; total or partial suspension of production; civil penalties; withdrawals of previously approved marketing applications or licenses; recommendations by the FDA or other regulatory authorities against governmental contracts; and/or criminal prosecutions.

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We do not have, and may never obtain, the regulatory approvals we need to market our product candidates.

Following completion of clinical trials, the results are evaluated and, depending on the outcome, submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA in order to obtain FDA approval of the product and authorization to commence commercial marketing. In responding to an NDA, the FDA may require additional testing or information, may require that the product labeling be modified, may impose post-approval study or reporting requirements or other restrictions on product distribution, or may deny the application. The FDA has established performance goals for review of NDAs - six months for priority applications and ten months for standard applications. However, the FDA is not required to complete its review within these time periods. The timing of final FDA review and action varies greatly, but can take years in some cases and may involve the input of an FDA advisory committee of outside experts. Product sales in the United States may commence only when an NDA is approved.

To date, we have not applied for or received the regulatory approvals required for the commercial sale of any of our products in the United States or in any foreign jurisdiction. None of our product candidates has been determined to be safe and effective, and we have not submitted an NDA to the FDA or an equivalent application to any foreign regulatory authorities for any of our product candidates.

It is possible that none of our product candidates will be approved for marketing. Failure to obtain regulatory approvals, or delays in obtaining regulatory approvals, may adversely affect the successful commercialization of any drugs or biologics that we or our partners develop, may impose additional costs on us or our collaborators, may diminish any competitive advantages that we or our partners may attain, and/or may adversely affect our receipt of revenues or royalties.

Even if approved, our products will be subject to extensive post-approval regulation.

Once a product is approved, numerous post-approval requirements apply. Among other things, the holder of an approved NDA is subject to periodic and other FDA monitoring and reporting obligations, including obligations to monitor and report adverse events and instances of the failure of a product to meet the specifications in the NDA. Application holders must submit new or supplemental applications and obtain FDA approval for certain changes to the approved product, product labeling, or manufacturing process. Application holders must also submit advertising and other promotional material to the FDA and report on ongoing clinical trials.

Depending on the circumstances, failure to meet these post-approval requirements can result in criminal prosecution, fines, injunctions, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, denial or withdrawal of pre-marketing product approvals, or refusal to allow us to enter into supply contracts, including government contracts. In addition, even if we comply with FDA and other requirements, new information regarding the safety or effectiveness of a product could lead the FDA to modify or withdraw product approval.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, our product candidates may not be accepted by the market.

Even if the FDA approves one or more of our product candidates, physicians and patients may not accept it or use it. Even if physicians and patients would like to use our products, our products may not gain market acceptance among healthcare payors such as managed care formularies, insurance companies or government programs such as Medicare or Medicaid. Acceptance and use of our products will depend upon a number of factors including: perceptions by members of the health care community, including physicians, about the safety and effectiveness of our drug or device product; cost-effectiveness of our product relative to competing products; availability of reimbursement for our product from government or other healthcare payers; and effectiveness of marketing and distribution efforts by us and our licensees and distributors, if any.

The degree of market acceptance of any pharmaceutical product that we develop will depend on a number of factors, including:

· cost-effectiveness;

· the safety and effectiveness of our products, including any significant potential side effects (including drowsiness and dry mouth), as compared to alternative products or treatment methods;

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· the timing of market entry as compared to competitive products;

· flat or declining use of off-label muscle-relaxant products for fibromyalgia prior to the launch of TNX-102 SL;

· the rate of adoption of our products by doctors and nurses;

· product labeling or product insert required by the FDA for each of our products;

· reimbursement policies of government and third-party payors;

· effectiveness of our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities and the effectiveness of such capabilities of our collaborative partners, if any; and

· unfavorable publicity concerning our products or any similar products.

Our product candidates, if successfully developed, will compete with a number of products manufactured and marketed by major pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and manufacturers of generic drugs. Our products may also compete with new products currently under development by others. Physicians, patients, third-party payors and the medical community may not accept and utilize any of our product candidates. If our products do not achieve market acceptance, we will not be able to generate significant revenues or become profitable.

Because we expect sales of our current product candidates, if approved, to generate substantially all of our product revenues for the foreseeable future, the failure of these products to find market acceptance would harm our business and could require us to seek additional financing.

If we fail to establish marketing, sales and distribution capabilities, or fail to enter into arrangements with third parties, we will not be able to create a market for our product candidates.

Our strategy with our lead product candidates is to control, directly or through contracted third parties, all or most aspects of the product development process, including marketing, sales and distribution. Currently, we do not have any sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. In order to generate sales of any product candidates that receive regulatory approval, we must either acquire or develop an internal marketing and sales force with technical expertise and with supporting distribution capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services for us. The acquisition or development of a sales and distribution infrastructure would require substantial resources, which may divert the attention of our management and key personnel and defer our product development efforts. To the extent that we enter into marketing and sales arrangements with other companies, our revenues will depend on the efforts of others. These efforts may not be successful. If we fail to develop sales, marketing and distribution channels, or enter into arrangements with third parties, we will experience delays in product sales and incur increased costs.

Sales of pharmaceutical products largely depend on the reimbursement of patients' medical expenses by government health care programs and private health insurers. Without the financial support of the government or third-party payors, the market for our products will be limited. These third-party payors are increasingly challenging the price and examining the cost effectiveness of medical products and services. Recent proposals to change the health care system in the United States have included measures that would limit or eliminate payments for medical products and services or subject the pricing of medical treatment products to government control. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved health care products. Third-party payors may not reimburse sales of our products or enable our collaborators to sell them at profitable prices.

Our business strategy might involve out-licensing product candidates to or collaborating with larger firms with experience in marketing and selling pharmaceutical products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully establish marketing, sales, or distribution relationships; that such relationships, if established, will be successful; or that we will be successful in gaining market acceptance for our products. To the extent that we enter into any marketing, sales, or distribution arrangements with third parties, our product revenues will be lower than if we marketed and sold our products directly, and any revenues we receive will depend upon the efforts of such third-parties. If we are unable to establish such third-party sales and marketing relationships, or choose not to do so, we will have to establish and rely on our own in-house capabilities.

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We, as a company, have no experience in marketing or selling pharmaceutical products and currently have no sales, marketing, or distribution infrastructure. To market any of our products directly, we would need to develop a marketing, sales, and distribution force that both has technical expertise and the ability to support a distribution capability. The establishment of a marketing, sales, and distribution capability would significantly increase our costs, possibly requiring substantial additional capital. In addition, there is intense competition for proficient sales and marketing personnel, and we may not be able to attract individuals who have the qualifications necessary to market, sell, and distribute our products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to establish internal marketing, sales, or distribution capabilities. If we are unable to, or choose not to establish these capabilities, or if the capabilities we establish are not sufficient to meet our needs, we will be required to establish collaborative marketing, sales, or distribution relationships with third parties.

In the event that we are successful in bringing any products to market, our revenues may be adversely affected if we fail to obtain acceptable prices or adequate reimbursement for our products from third-party payors.

Our ability to commercialize pharmaceutical products successfully may depend in part on the availability of reimbursement for our products from:

· government and health administration authorities;

· private health insurers; and

· other third party payors, including Medicare.

We cannot predict the availability of reimbursement for health care products to be approved in the future. Third-party payors, including Medicare, are challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Government and other third-party payors increasingly are limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs. Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients for any of our products.

The continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of health care may limit our commercial opportunity. If government and other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement for any prescription product we bring to market, doctors may not prescribe them or patients may ask to have their physicians prescribe competing drugs with more favorable reimbursement. In some foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be federal and state proposals for similar controls. In addition, we expect that increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that we receive for any products in the future. Further, cost control initiatives could impair our ability to commercialize our products and our ability to earn revenues from this commercialization.

If we obtain approval to commercialize any approved products outside of the United States, a variety of risks associated with international operations could materially adversely affect our business.

If TNX-102 SL or any of our other product candidates are approved for commercialization outside of the United States, we intend to enter into agreements with third parties to market them on a worldwide basis or in more limited geographical regions. We expect that we will be subject to additional risks related to entering into international business relationships, including:

· different regulatory requirements for drug approvals;

· reduced protection for intellectual property rights, including trade secret and patent rights;

· unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers and regulatory requirements;

· economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;

· compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;

· foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;

· foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenues, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;

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· workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;

· production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad;

· business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, or natural disasters including earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and fires; and

· difficulty in importing and exporting clinical trial materials and study samples.

We face the risk of product liability claims and may not be able to obtain insurance.

Our business exposes us to the risk of product liability claims that are inherent in the development of drugs. If the use of one or more of our or our collaborators' drugs harms people, we may be subject to costly and damaging product liability claims brought against us by clinical trial participants, consumers, health care providers, pharmaceutical companies or others selling our products. Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop, alone or with collaborators. While we currently carry clinical trial insurance and product liability insurance, we cannot predict all of the possible harms or side effects that may result and, therefore, the amount of insurance coverage we hold now or in the future may not be adequate to cover all liabilities we might incur. We intend to expand our insurance coverage to include the sale of commercial products if we obtain marketing approval for our drug candidates in development, but we may be unable to obtain commercially reasonable product liability insurance for any products approved for marketing. If we are unable to obtain insurance at an acceptable cost or otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, we will be exposed to significant liabilities, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial position. If we are sued for any injury allegedly caused by our or our collaborators' products, our liability could exceed our total assets and our ability to pay the liability. A product liability claim or series of claims brought against us would decrease our cash and could cause our stock price to fall.

We use hazardous chemicals in our business. Potential claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these chemicals could affect us and be time consuming and costly.

Our research and development processes and/or those of our third party contractors may involve the controlled use of hazardous materials and chemicals. These hazardous chemicals are reagents and solvents typically found in a chemistry laboratory. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials. While we attempt to comply with all environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to the outsourcing of the disposal of all hazardous chemicals and waste products, we cannot eliminate the risk of contamination from or discharge of hazardous materials and any resultant injury. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any resulting damages and any liability could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may be expensive. Current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts. We might have to pay civil damages in the event of an improper or unauthorized release of, or exposure of individuals to, hazardous materials. We are not insured against these environmental risks.

If we enter into collaborations with third parties, they might also work with hazardous materials in connection with our collaborations. We may agree to indemnify our collaborators in some circumstances against damages and other liabilities arising out of development activities or products produced in connection with these collaborations.

In addition, the federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous or radioactive materials and waste products may require us to incur substantial compliance costs that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our insurance policies are expensive and protect us only from some business risks, which will leave us exposed to significant uninsured liabilities.

We carry insurance for most categories of risk that our business may encounter, however, we may not have adequate levels of coverage. We currently maintain general liability, property, workers’ compensation, products liability and directors’ and officers’ insurance, along with an umbrella policy, which collectively costs approximately $100,000 per annum. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to maintain existing insurance at current or adequate levels of coverage. Any significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would adversely affect our cash position and results of operations.

If we retain collaborative partners and our partners do not satisfy their obligations, we will be unable to develop our partnered product candidates.

In the event we enter into any collaborative agreements, we may not have day-to-day control over the activities of our collaborative partners with respect to any of these product candidates. Any collaborative partner may not fulfill its obligations under these agreements. If a collaborative partner fails to fulfill its obligations under an agreement with us, we may be unable to assume the development of the products covered by that agreement or enter into alternative arrangements with a third party. In addition, we may encounter delays in the commercialization of the product candidate that is the subject of the agreement. Accordingly, our ability to receive any revenue from the product candidates covered by these agreements will be dependent on the efforts of our collaborative partner. We could also become involved in disputes with a collaborative partner, which could lead to delays in or termination of our development and commercialization programs and time-consuming and expensive litigation or arbitration. In addition, any such dispute could diminish our collaborators’ commitment to us and reduce the resources they devote to developing and commercializing our products. Conflicts or disputes with our collaborators, and competition from them, could harm our relationships with our other collaborators, restrict our ability to enter future collaboration agreements and delay the research, development or commercialization of our product candidates. If any collaborative partner terminates or breaches its agreement, or otherwise fails to complete its obligations in a timely manner, our chances of successfully developing or commercializing these product candidates would be materially and adversely affected. We may not be able to enter into collaborative agreements with partners on terms favorable to us, or at all. Our inability to enter into collaborative arrangements with collaborative partners, or our failure to maintain such arrangements, would limit the number of product candidates that we could develop and ultimately, decrease our sources of any future revenues.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR STOCK

There has been a limited trading market for our common stock and almost no market activity to date.

Currently, our common stock is available for quotation on the OTCQB under the symbol “TNXP.” However, prior to February 2012, there was no trading activity in our common stock and limited trading has occurred to date. As of December 31, 2012, trading occurred on only 82 out of 229 possible trading days, with an average of less than 160 shares per possible trading day and less than 445 shares trades on each day when shares actually traded. It is anticipated that there will continue to be a limited trading market for the common stock on the OTCQB. We have applied to have our common stock listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market and trading is expected to start upon the effectiveness of this registration statement. Although we believe that this offering and the NASDAQ listing will improve the liquidity of our common stock, this offering may not improve trading volume, reduce volatility or stabilize our share price. A lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value of your shares. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of capital stock and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using common stock as consideration.

The NASDAQ Capital Market may not list our securities for quotation on its exchange which could limit investors' ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

We have applied for, and anticipate that, our securities will be listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, a national securities exchange, upon consummation of this offering. Although, after giving effect to this offering, we expect to meet, on a pro forma basis, The NASDAQ Capital Market’s minimum initial listing standards, which generally only mandate that we meet certain requirements relating to stockholders’ equity, market capitalization, aggregate market value of publicly held shares and distribution requirements, we cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those initial listing requirements. If The NASDAQ Capital Market does not list our securities for trading on its exchange, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

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· a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

· reduced liquidity with respect to our securities;

· a determination that our shares of common stock are “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our shares of common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our shares of common stock;

· a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and

· a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because we expect that our units and eventually our common stock and common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants will be listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, such securities will be covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. Further, if we were no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of The NASDAQ Capital Market could result in a de-listing of our common stock.

If after listing we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of The NASDAQ Capital Market, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, NASDAQ may take steps to de-list our common stock. Such a de-listing would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a de-listing, we would take actions to restore our compliance with NASDAQ’s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the NASDAQ minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with NASDAQ’s listing requirements.

If our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, U.S. holders of warrants may not be able to exercise their warrants without compliance with applicable state securities laws and the value of your warrants may be significantly reduced.

If The NASDAQ Capital Market does not list our securities for trading on its exchange, or if our common stock is subsequently delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market and is not eligible to be listed on another national securities exchange, the exercise of the warrants by U.S. holders may not be exempt from state securities laws. As a result, depending on the state of residence of a holder of the warrants, a U.S. holder may not be able to exercise its warrants unless we comply with any state securities law requirements necessary to permit such exercise or an exemption applies. Although we plan to use our reasonable efforts to assure that U.S. holders will be able to exercise their warrants under applicable state securities laws if no exemption exists, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. As a result, in the event that The NASDAQ Capital Market does not list our securities or our common stock is delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market and is not eligible to be listed on another securities exchange, your ability to exercise your warrants may be limited. The value of the warrants may be significantly reduced if U.S. holders are not able to exercise their warrants under applicable state securities laws.

You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.

Our common stock may not be actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock on the OTCQB may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock, and would likely reduce the market price of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital.

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The market price for our common stock may be volatile, and your investment in our common stock could decline in value.

The stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. The market prices of the securities of biotechnology and specialty pharmaceutical companies, particularly companies like ours without product revenues and earnings, have been highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. This volatility has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. The following factors, in addition to other risk factors described in this section, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:

· announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors;

· announcement of FDA approval or disapproval of our products or other product-related actions;

· developments involving our discovery efforts and clinical trials;

· developments or disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights, including announcements of infringement, interference or other litigation against us or our potential licensees;

· developments involving our efforts to commercialize our products, including developments impacting the timing of commercialization;

· announcements concerning our competitors, or the biotechnology, pharmaceutical or drug delivery industry in general;

· public concerns as to the safety or efficacy of our products or our competitors’ products;

· changes in government regulation of the pharmaceutical or medical industry;

· changes in the reimbursement policies of third party insurance companies or government agencies;

· actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;

· changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;

· developments involving corporate collaborators, if any;

· changes in accounting principles; and

· the loss of any of our key scientific or management personnel.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies that experience volatility in the market price of their securities. Whether or not meritorious, litigation brought against us could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Investor relations activities, nominal “float” and supply and demand factors may affect the price of our stock.

We utilize various techniques such as non-deal road shows and investor relations campaigns in order to create investor awareness for our company.  These campaigns may include personal, video and telephone conferences with investors and prospective investors in which our business practices are described.  We provide compensation to investor relations firms and may pay for newsletters, websites, mailings and email campaigns that are produced by third-parties based upon publicly-available information concerning our company.  We will not be responsible for the content of analyst reports and other writings and communications by investor relations firms not authored by us or from publicly available information.  We do not intend to review or approve the content of such analysts’ reports or other materials based upon analysts’ own research or methods.  Investor relations firms should generally disclose when they are compensated for their efforts, but whether such disclosure is made or complete is not under our control.   In addition, investors in our company may be willing, from time to time, to encourage investor awareness through similar activities.  Investor awareness activities may also be suspended or discontinued which may impact the trading market our common stock.

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The SEC and FINRA enforce various statutes and regulations intended to prevent manipulative or deceptive devices in connection with the purchase or sale of any security and carefully scrutinize trading patterns and company news and other communications for false or misleading information, particularly in cases where the hallmarks of “pump and dump” activities may exist, such as rapid share price increases or decreases.  We, and our shareholders may be subjected to enhanced regulatory scrutiny due to the small number of holders who initially will own the registered shares of our common stock publicly available for resale, and the limited trading markets in which such shares may be offered or sold which have often been associated with improper activities concerning penny-stocks, such as the OTC Bulletin Board or the OTCQB Marketplace (Pink OTC) or pink sheets.  Until such time as our restricted shares are registered or available for resale under Rule 144, there will continue to be a small percentage of shares held by a small number of investors, many of whom acquired such shares in privately negotiated purchase and sale transactions that will constitute the entire available trading market.  The Supreme Court has stated that manipulative action is a term of art connoting intentional or willful conduct designed to deceive or defraud investors by controlling or artificially affecting the price of securities.  Often times, manipulation is associated by regulators with forces that upset the supply and demand factors that would normally determine trading prices.  Since a small percentage of the outstanding common stock of our company will initially be available for trading, held by a small number of individuals or entities, the supply of our common stock for sale will be extremely limited for an indeterminate amount of time, which could result in higher bids, asks or sales prices than would otherwise exist.  Securities regulators have often cited thinly-traded markets, small numbers of holders, and awareness campaigns as components of their claims of price manipulation and other violations of law when combined with manipulative trading, such as wash sales, matched orders or other manipulative trading timed to coincide with false or touting press releases.  There can be no assurance that our or third-parties’ activities, or the small number of potential sellers or small percentage of stock in the “float,” or determinations by purchasers or holders as to when or under what circumstances or at what prices they may be willing to buy or sell stock will not artificially impact (or would be claimed by regulators to have affected) the normal supply and demand factors that determine the price of the stock.

We do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock and, accordingly, shareholders must rely on stock appreciation for any return on their investment.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on various factors, including our operating results, financial condition, future prospects and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. You should not rely on an investment in our company if you require dividend income from your investment in our company. The success of your investment will likely depend entirely upon any future appreciation of the market price of our common stock, which is uncertain and unpredictable. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value.

We expect that our quarterly results of operations will fluctuate, and this fluctuation could cause our stock price to decline.

Our quarterly operating results are likely to fluctuate in the future. These fluctuations could cause our stock price to decline. The nature of our business involves variable factors, such as the timing of the research, development and regulatory pathways of our product candidates, which could cause our operating results to fluctuate.

Due to the possibility of fluctuations in our revenues and expenses, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance.

A sale or perceived sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

All of our executive officers and directors and certain of our shareholders have agreed not to sell shares of our common stock for a period of 90 days following this offering, subject to extension under specified circumstances. See “Underwriting.” Common stock subject to these lock-up agreements will become eligible for sale in the public market upon expiration of these lock-up agreements, subject to limitations  imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. If our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could fall. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares and investors to short our common stock. These sales also may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate. Shareholders who were issued shares of common stock pursuant to the Exchange Agreement will be able to sell their shares pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, beginning one year after the shareholders acquired their shares, subject to limitations imposed by the lock-up agreements.

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Our common stock is not currently traded at high volume, and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell or liquidate a substantial number of shares at one time.

Our common stock is currently traded, but with very low, if any, volume, based on quotations on the OTCQB, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company which is still relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. We cannot give you any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained, or that trading levels will be sustained.

Shareholders should be aware that, according to Commission Release No. 34-29093, the market for “penny stocks” has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (1) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (2) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (3) boiler room practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (4) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differential and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (5) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, along with the resulting inevitable collapse of those prices and with consequent investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market. Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being established with respect to our securities. The occurrence of these patterns or practices could increase the future volatility of our share price.

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Efforts to comply with recently enacted changes in securities laws and regulations will increase our costs and require additional management resources, and we still may fail to comply.

As directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on their internal controls over financial reporting in their annual reports on Form 10-K. In addition, in the event we are no longer a smaller reporting company, the independent registered public accounting firm auditing our financial statements would be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Such attestation requirement by our independent registered public accounting firm would not be applicable to us until the report for the year ended December 31, 2013 at the earliest, if at all. If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting or if our independent registered public accounting firm is required to, but is unable to provide us with a report as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could result in a decrease in the value of our securities.

We have implemented a reverse stock split, which has reduced our trading volume and may result in a decrease in our market capitalization.

Effective May 1, 2013, we implemented a one-for-twenty reverse stock split. This reverse stock split was implemented because one of the listing requirements for The NASDAQ Stock Market is for our common stock to trade at or above $4.00 per share for at least 30 of the 60 trading days prior to listing. At our annual meeting of shareholders held on April 19, 2013, the shareholders authorized a reverse stock split. We cannot guarantee that the price increase of our common stock price resulting from the reverse split will:

· be proportionate to the reverse split ratio;

· last in the marketplace for any length of time;

· remain at a price sufficient to meet the listing requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market; or

· be sufficient to facilitate raising capital.

If our common stock becomes subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules, broker-dealers may experience difficulty in completing customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected.

If at any time our securities are no longer listed on a national securities exchange, including The NASDAQ Stock Market or we have net tangible assets of $5,000,000 or less and our common stock has a market price per share of less than $5.00, transactions in our common stock will be subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. If our common stock becomes subject to the “penny stock” rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, broker-dealers may find it difficult to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require:

· that a broker or dealer approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks; and

· the broker or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.

In order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must:

· obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person; and

· make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.

The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form:

· sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination; and

· that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.

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Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.

Disclosure also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.

RISKS RELATING TO THIS OFFERING

Our management will have broad discretion in allocating the net proceeds of this offering, and may use the proceeds in ways in which you disagree.

Our management has significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds we expect to receive in this offering. Because the net proceeds are not required to be allocated to any specific investment or transaction, and therefore you cannot determine at this time the value or propriety of our application of those proceeds, you and other shareholders may not agree with our decisions. In addition, our use of the proceeds from this offering may not yield a significant return or any return at all for our shareholders. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. See “Use of Proceeds” for a further description of how management intends to apply the proceeds from this offering.

You will experience immediate dilution in the book value per share of the common stock you purchase.

Because the public offering price per unit is expected to be substantially higher than the book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering. After giving effect to assumed sale of 1,920,000 units in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $6.25 per unit (the last reported sale price of our common stock on June 18, 2013), and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and attributing no value to the Series A Warrants, if you purchase units in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of approximately $3.79 per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock you acquire. In the event that you exercise your Series A Warrants, you will experience additional dilution to the extent that the exercise price of those warrants is higher than the book value per share of our common stock. See “Dilution” below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase securities in this offering.

Future sales and issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plan, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause our stock price to fall.

We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, your investment in our common stock will be diluted. These sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and new investors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.

There is no public market for the Series A Warrants being sold in this offering.

There is no established public trading market for the Series A Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of any such warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market. Without an active market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.

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Holders of our Series A Warrants will have no rights as a common shareholder until they acquire our common stock.

Until you acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of your Series A Warrants, you will have no rights with respect to our common stock. Upon exercise of your warrants, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common shareholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the units offered by this prospectus will be approximately $10.6 million, or approximately $12.3 million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, assuming the sale by us of 1,920,000 units at an assumed public offering price of $6.25 per unit (the last reported sale price of our common stock on June 18, 2013) and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. This amount does not include the proceeds which we may receive in connection with the exercise of the warrants. We cannot predict when or if the warrants will be exercised, and it is possible that the warrants may expire and never be exercised. We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for the clinical development of TNX-102 SL, for which a Phase 2/3 clinical trial for the treatment of FM is in process to begin in the third quarter of 2013, and for general corporate purposes, including working capital and operational purposes, including pre-clinical development. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest these net proceeds in interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $6.25 per unit would increase (decrease) the expected net cash proceeds of the offering to us by approximately $1.9 million. A 300,000 increase (decrease) in the assumed number of units sold in this offering would increase (decrease) the expected net cash proceeds of the offering to us by approximately $1.7 million.

The net proceeds from this offering will not be sufficient to complete clinical trials and other studies required for the approval of any product by the FDA, and we will need significant additional funds in the future.  See the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.”

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MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

Our common stock is currently traded on the OTCQB under the symbol “TNXP.” Prior to July 23, 2012, our common stock was quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “TNXP.OB.” Prior to October 19, 2011, our common stock was quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “TAEI.OB.” Prior to February 2012, no public trades occurred in our common stock. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by the OTCQB or the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, as applicable.

	Fiscal Year 2012
	High		Low
First Quarter	$	41.20	$	40.00
Second Quarter	$	40.00	$	16.60
Third Quarter	$	20.00	$	14.80
Fourth Quarter	$	16.40	$	5.00

	Fiscal Year 2013
	High		Low
First Quarter	$	14.60	$	4.80
Second Quarter (1)	$	15.00	$	2.25

(1) As of June 18, 2013.

Holders

As of June 18, 2013, we had approximately 185 holders of our common stock. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of our common stock is vStock Transfer, LLC, 77 Spruce Street, Suite 201, Cedarhurst, NY 11516.

Dividends

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to shareholders in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as the Board of Directors deem relevant.

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DILUTION

If you purchase any of the units offered by this prospectus, you will experience dilution to the extent of the difference between the offering price per unit you pay in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering, assuming no value is attributed to the Series A Warrants included in the units. Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2013 was $(622,313), or approximately $(0.29) per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible assets minus total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.

After giving effect to the assumed sale by us of 1,920,000 units in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $6.25 per unit (the last reported sale price of our common stock on June 18, 2013), assuming no value is attributed to the Series A Warrants included in the units, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2013 would have been approximately $10.0 million, or approximately $2.46 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of approximately $2.75 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of approximately $3.79 per share to new investors. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

Assumed offering price per unit				$	6.25
Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2013	$	(0.29	)
Increase per share attributable to new investors	$	2.75
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering				$	2.46
Dilution per share to new investors				$	3.79

Investors that acquire additional shares of common stock through the exercise of the Series A Warrants offered hereby may experience additional dilution depending on our net tangible book value at the time of exercise.

The information in the table above is based on 2,159,156 shares of our common stock outstanding on March 31, 2013, and does not include:

• 1,270,734 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding at March 31, 2013 with a weighted average exercise price of $14.32 per share;

• 376,500 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding at March 31, 2013 with a weighted average exercise price of $18.09 per share;

• 173,500 shares of common stock reserved for future grants and awards under our equity incentive plan as of March 31, 2013;

• shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series A Warrants offered hereby; and

• shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the underwriter warrants.

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $6.25 per unit would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $1.8 million, our as adjusted net tangible book value per share by approximately $0.43 and dilution per share to new investors by approximately $0.57, assuming that the number of units offered by us, remains the same. A 300,000 increase (decrease) in the number of units offered by us would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $1.7 million, our as adjusted net tangible book value per share by approximately $0.22 and dilution per share to new investors by approximately $(0.51).

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Some of the information in this Form S-1 contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. You can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate” and “continue,” or similar words. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they:

 · discuss our future expectations;

 · contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and

 · state other “forward-looking” information.

We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or over which we have no control. Our actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors,” “Business” and elsewhere in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors.”

Business Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing novel pharmaceutical products for challenging disorders of the CNS. Our drug development programs are directed toward CNS conditions that manifest with central pain. Central pain results from abnormal sensory processing in the CNS, rather than from dysfunction in peripheral tissues where pain is perceived. Our lead development program is for the management of FM, a central pain syndrome. We also have a development program for the management of PTSD, in which central pain is a component. Central pain is associated with disturbed sleep, and an improvement in pain or sleep quality can benefit the other symptom. We are developing proprietary products for FM and PTSD that are based on CBP, a pharmaceutical agent approved for use in another indication. VLD CBP has been demonstrated to decrease pain and improve sleep quality in subjects with FM. Our products feature new dose, formulation, and delivery characteristics tailored to their chronic therapeutic uses in FM and PTSD, and are intended to be administered sublingually at bedtime. We expect to begin a Phase 2b clinical trial for FM in the third quarter of 2013, which, if successful, will serve as the first of two pivotal studies required for marketing approval in the U.S.

We are currently devoting the majority of our efforts to the development of our lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL. TNX-102 SL is a novel dose and formulation of CBP, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of two widely prescribed muscle relaxant products, Flexeril and Amrix. We believe that TNX-102 SL is an optimized CBP product for the treatment of FM and PTSD, and is distinct from current CBP products in three ways: (1) it is being developed at a dose level significantly below the lowest marketed doses of current CBP products; (2) it is placed under the tongue, to disintegrate, dissolve and provide sublingual absorption, whereas current CBP products are swallowed and provide absorption in the small intestine; and (3) it is being developed for chronic use, whereas current CBP products are marketed for two to three weeks of use. We are currently developing TNX-102 SL for the treatment of FM under an IND and under three CTAs filed in Canada. We are also developing TNX-102 SL for the treatment of PTSD for which we held a pre-IND meeting in October 2012. We expect that any applications we submit for FDA approval of TNX-102 SL will be submitted under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA, which we believe will allow for a shorter timeline of clinical and non-clinical development as compared to that needed to fulfill the requirements of Section 505(b)(1), under which NCEs are generally developed to meet the FDA’s requirements for new drug approvals.

TNX-102 SL is a small, rapidly disintegrating tablet containing CBP for sublingual administration at bedtime. We designed TNX-102 SL to enable the efficient delivery of CBP to the systemic circulation via sublingual transmucosal absorption and to avoid first-pass liver metabolism. We also designed TNX-102 SL to provide CBP at doses lower than those currently available. We have conducted several clinical and non-clinical pharmacokinetic studies of TNX-102 sublingual formulations which we believe support the development of TNX-102 SL as a novel therapeutic product for FM and PTSD, and which demonstrate a number of potentially advantageous characteristics as compared to current CBP-containing products, none of which are approved for these indications. For example, our Phase 1 comparative study showed that TNX-102 SL results in faster systemic absorption and significantly higher plasma levels of CBP in the first hour following administration relative to oral CBP tablets. TNX-102 SL was generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported in this study. Some subjects experienced transient numbness on the tongue after TNX-102 SL administration, and other side-effects reported were similar to those associated with current CBP products.

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We have a pipeline of other product candidates, including TNX-201 and TNX-301. TNX-201 is based on isometheptene mucate and is under development as a treatment for certain types of headaches. TNX-201 is a pure isomer of isometheptene mucate, which has been approved and marketed only as a mixture of two isomers. TNX-301 is a fixed dose combination of two FDA-approved drugs, disulfiram and selegiline, and is under development as a treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence. Due to our size and being in the development stage, we do not currently devote a significant amount of time or resources towards our other pipeline candidates. We may perform non-clinical development work on TNX-201 and possibly on TNX-301, but we do not expect to start clinical trials of either of these candidates until 2014 at the earliest. For competitive reasons, we do not disclose the identities of the active ingredients or targeted indications in our pipeline until a U.S. patent has been allowed or issued.

Product candidates we may develop in the future will likely be reformulations of active ingredients that have been used in humans in other products and that are designed for new CNS therapeutic indications. In other cases, our future product candidates may be formulated to match predicate products closely enough to be considered generic copies or similarly enough to other marketed products to rely (in part) on their regulatory review and approval, as well as on available published data. The predicate product may be approved by the FDA under an NDA or may have been reviewed for safety and effectiveness by the National Academy of Sciences under the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation, or DESI, program, in which case they would be considered by FDA to be “unapproved products”. For DESI products, it is our intent to develop NDA versions to meet cGMP and ICH requirements and seek approval under the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway.

On October 7, 2011, we executed and consummated the Share Exchange Agreement with Tonix Sub. Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Sub’s common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of our common stock, and each share of Tonix Sub’s Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of our common stock. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Sub shareholders, including holders of 1,396,982 restricted shares, which were subject to accelerated vesting, received in exchange for all of their shares, an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of our common stock and our existing shareholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Sub shareholders constituted approximately 85% of our 1,333,334 shares of common stock issued and outstanding after the Share Exchange. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Sub became our wholly-owned subsidiary. For accounting purposes, the acquisition has been treated as a recapitalization of Tonix Sub, accompanied by the issuance of our common stock for the outstanding common stock of Toxic Sub, which was recorded at a nominal value. The historical financial statements are those of Tonix Sub. The accompanying financial statements give retroactive effect to the recapitalization as if it had occurred on June 7, 2007 (inception date). Also, professional services expenses were allocated to research and development and general and administrative expenses in the 2010 and cumulative from inception through December 31, 2011 statement of operations to be consistent with the current period’s presentation.

Current Operating Trends

Our current research and development efforts are focused on developing our lead product, TNX-102 SL, but we also expend some effort on our earlier pipeline programs. Our research and development expenses consist of manufacturing work and the cost of drug ingredients used in such work, fees paid to providers for conducting various clinical studies as well as for the analysis of the results of such studies, and for other medical research addressing the potential efficacy of our drugs. We believe that significant investment in product development is a competitive necessity, and we plan to continue these investments in order to be in a position to realize the potential of our product candidates and proprietary technologies.

We plan to start the next phase of clinical development for TNX-102 SL over the next six months, subject to raising necessary funds. Clinical trials can be very expensive. If these and additional necessary clinical trials are successful, we plan to prepare and submit applications to the FDA for marketing approval for our drug candidates. This process entails significant costs. As a result of these and other factors, we expect our research and development expenses to increase significantly over the next 12 to 24 months.

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We expect that a larger percentage of our research and development expenses in the future will be incurred in support of our current and future preclinical and clinical development programs rather than technology development. These expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties relating to timing and cost to completion. We test compounds in numerous preclinical studies for safety, toxicology and efficacy. At the appropriate time, subject to the approval of regulatory authorities, we expect to conduct early-stage clinical trials for each drug candidate. We anticipate funding these trials ourselves, and possibly with the assistance of federal grants. As we obtain results from trials, we may elect to discontinue or delay clinical trials for certain products in order to focus our resources on more promising products. Completion of clinical trials may take several years, and the length of time generally varies substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate.

The commencement and completion of clinical trials for our products may be delayed by many factors, including lack of efficacy during clinical trials, unforeseen safety issues, slower than expected patient recruitment, or government delays. In addition, we may encounter regulatory delays or rejections as a result of many factors, including results that do not support the intended safety or efficacy of our product candidates, perceived defects in the design of clinical trials and changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, we are unable to accurately estimate the specific timing and costs of our clinical development programs or the timing of material cash inflows, if any, from our product candidates. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any delays in, or termination of, our clinical trials or a determination by the FDA that the results of our trials are inadequate to justify regulatory approval, insofar as cash in-flows from the relevant drug or program would be delayed or would not occur.

Results of Operations

We anticipate that our results of operations will fluctuate for the foreseeable future due to several factors, such as the progress of our research and development efforts and the timing and outcome of regulatory submissions. Due to these uncertainties, accurate predictions of future operations are difficult or impossible to make.

Fiscal year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Fiscal year Ended December 31, 2011

Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold. We had no revenues or cost of goods sold during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 were $2,583,308, an increase of $1,425,141, or 123%, from $1,158,167 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. This increase is primarily due to increased development work related to TNX-102 SL, including formulation development, manufacturing, human and animal pharmacokinetic studies, and market research. In 2012, we incurred $552,953, $836,278 and $468,509 in manufacturing cost, clinical activities and cost, non-clinical activities cost, respectively, as compared to $0, $318,616 and $342,398 in 2011, respectively.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 were $4,078,102, an increase of $1,857,741, or 84%, from $2,220,361 incurred in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. This increase is primarily due to payroll related expenses and professional services.

Payroll related expenses increased to $1,820,877 in the current year from $731,285 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1,089,592, or 149%. We incurred $865,157 in stock based compensation in connection with the vesting of stock options issued to board members, officers and employees in 2012 as compared to $159,596 in stock based compensation in 2011 relating to the acceleration of vesting in conjunction with our reverse merger in 2011 of restricted stock previously issued to our employees. The increase in cash payroll related costs of $384,032 was a result of the hiring of new employees, cash bonuses to employees, and severance payments to a former employee.

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Professional services for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $1,444,455, an increase of $322,908, or 29%, over the $1,121,547 recognized for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. Of professional services, legal fees totaled $465,523 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, an increase of $92,448, or 25%, from $373,075 incurred for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. Consulting fees totaled $734,520 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, an increase of $435,376 or 146%, from $299,144 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. The increase was primarily a result of $451,619 in public and investor relations costs in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $100,378 in 2011. Accounting fees incurred in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 amounted to $244,164, an increase of $1,161, or 0%, from $243,003 incurred in fiscal 2011.

Travel, meals and entertainment costs for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 were $108,248, an increase of $38,980, or 56%, from $69,268 incurred in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. Travel, meals and entertainment costs include travel related to medical and life sciences conferences, which accounted for the primary increase from 2011. Rent for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $116,732, a decrease of $11,496, or 9%, from $128,228 incurred in fiscal 2011, due primarily to the opening of new office space in New York in late 2011. Market research and analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 was $229,546, an increase of $169,757 or 284% from $59,789 incurred in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. We continue to research and analyze the potential market for our products. Depreciation expense in fiscal 2012 totaled $14,329, an increase of $5,029, or 54%, over the expense of $9,300 incurred in fiscal 2011, as a result of the purchase of new office computers.

Change in fair value of warrant liability. In connection with our January and March 2012 financing, we issued warrants that contained certain reset provisions. As such, we were required to record the fair value as a liability and mark to market each reporting period. In June 2012, upon the effectiveness of our registration statement, these reset provisions expired. Therefore we adjusted the fair value of the warrants from their initial issuance in January and March 2012, charged operations for the increase in fair value of $1,177,026 and reclassified the fair value of warrants to equity.

Interest Expense. Interest expense for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $1,613,039, an increase of $1,521,454, or 1,661%, from $91,585 incurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, our interest costs were comprised primarily of a beneficial conversion feature related to our issuance of convertible debentures in December 2012 charged to interest of $710,000, $196,166 of deferred financing costs related to the issuance of our secured convertible debentures in October 2011 and December 2012, allocated offering costs of $270,743 charged to interest as part of a financing, and the fair value of $426,152, net with prior period accrual, of common stock and warrants issued to convertible debentures holders in connection with the conversion to a financing. In addition, we incurred interest expense related to our convertible debentures. In 2011, our interest costs were comprised primarily of amortization of deferred financing costs in conjunction with the issuance of our secured convertible debentures in October 2011. We incurred an aggregate of $249,543 in deferred financing costs, of which we amortized $53,377 as interest expense for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011. In addition, we incurred interest expense related to $500,000 of notes payable and our secured convertible debentures.

Net Loss. As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $9,449,600, compared to a net loss of $3,470,113 for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2012

Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold. We had no revenues or cost of goods sold during the three month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2013 were $740,629, an increase of $343,001, or 86%, from $397,628 for the three months ended March 31, 2012. The increase in clinical and non-clinical cost and activities is primarily due to increased development work related to TNX-102 SL, including formulation development, manufacturing, regulatory, clinical development and market research.

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General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2013 were $1,260,596, an increase of $497,859, or 65%, from $762,737 incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2012. This increase is primarily due to an increase in payroll-related expenses, along with increases in investor relations fees, legal professional fees, travel, meals and entertainment expense, and marketing expenses, offset by a decrease in accounting expense.

Payroll-related expenses increased to $561,490 in the current period from $361,739 for the three months ended March 31, 2012, an increase of $199,751, or 55%, primarily related to stock-based compensation, offset by a decrease in cash compensation due to one-time bonuses and severance paid in the three months ended March 31, 2012. Payroll-related expenses include non-cash compensation associated with options granted in 2012 and 2013 of $392,323 for the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to $-0- for the same period last year.

Professional services for the three months ended March 31, 2013 totaled $497,698, an increase of $238,582, or 92%, over the $259,116 incurred for the three month period ended March 31, 2012. The increase was primarily a result of $262,978 in investor and public relations in the three months ended March 31, 2013, an increase of $210,349, or 400%, compared to $52,629 in 2012. Accounting and auditing fees incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2013 amounted to $67,769, a slight decrease of $3,780, or 5%, from $71,549 incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2012. Legal fees totaled $138,607 for the three months ended March 31, 2013, an increase of $21,164, or 18%, from $117,443 incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2012. The increase in legal fees is due to legal expenses incurred relating to our patent filing costs. Other professional fees totaled $28,344 for the three months ended March 31, 2013, an increase of $10,849 or 62%, from $17,495 for the three months ended March 31, 2012.

Travel, meals and entertainment costs for three months ended March 31, 2013 were $45,096, an increase of $29,542, or 190%, from $15,554 incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2012. Travel, meals and entertainment costs primarily include travel to contractors and consultants engaged in research and development activities related to TNX-102 as well as travel related to investor relations activities.

Rent for three months ended March 31, 2013 totaled $28,595, a decrease of $1,765, or 6%, from $30,360 incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2012. Depreciation expense in the three months ended March 31, 2013 totaled $4,138, an increase of $1,784, or 76%, over the expense of $2,354 incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2012, as a result of the purchase of new office computers.

Change in fair value of warrant liability. In connection with a financing conducted in the first quarter of 2012, we issued warrants that contained certain reset provisions. As such, we were required to record the fair value as a liability and mark to market each reporting period. On March 31, 2012, we adjusted the fair value of the warrants from their initial issuance in January and March 2012 and credited operations for $47,023 for the decrease in fair value of the issued warrants. In June 2012, upon the effectiveness of our registration statement, these reset provisions expired. Therefore we adjusted the fair value of the warrants from their initial issuance in January and March 2012 and reclassified the fair value of warrants to equity.

Interest and Other Financing Costs. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 totaled $22, as compared to interest expense of $901,646 incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2012. In 2012, our interest costs were comprised primarily of amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs related to the issuance of our secured convertible debentures in October 2011 of $196,166, allocated offering costs charged to interest as part of our current period financing of $270,743 and the fair value of common stock and warrants issued to convertible debentures holders in connection with the conversion to current period financing of $426,153, net with prior period accrual. In addition, we incurred interest expense related to our convertible debentures during the three months ended March 31, 2012.

Net Loss. As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was $2,001,203, compared to a net loss of $2,014,988 for the three months ended March 31, 2012, a decrease of $13,785, or 1%.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2013, we had a working capital deficit of $725,358, comprised primarily of cash of $423,739 and prepaid expenses of $67,691, which was offset by $870,096 of accounts payable and $346,692 of accrued expenses. A significant portion of the accounts payable and accrued expenses are due to work performed in relation to our anticipated Phase 2b clinical trial of TNX-102 SL in FM, but we do not expect a number of these expenses to be due or payable for several months. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we used $1,361,629 and $1,777,614 of cash in operating activities, respectively, which represent cash outlays for research and development and general and administrative expenses in such periods. Increases in cash outlays principally resulted from manufacturing, pre-clinical and clinical cost and activities, regulatory cost, and payroll. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we did not have any financing activities. In the comparable 2012 period, $4,387,895 was raised through the sale of shares of common stock and warrants, net with $150,000 repayment of convertible debentures. At March 31, 2013, we had cash of $423,739 compared to $1,785,390 at December 31, 2012. Our cash is held in bank deposit accounts.

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was $22. Both periods reflect interest earned in restricted cash accounts.

Cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $5,712,864 and $2,637,578, respectively, which represent cash outlays for research and development and general and administrative expenses in such periods. Increase in cash outlays principally resulted from manufacturing, pre-clinical, and clinical cost and activities, regulatory cost, payroll and rent.

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $35,763 compared to cash provided by investing activities of $302 in the year ended December 31, 2011. In the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we purchased office furniture and computer equipment of $35,673 and $2,764, respectively.

In their report dated March 8, 2013, our independent registered public accounting firm stated at December 31, 2012, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is an issue raised due to our net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and our expectation that these conditions will continue for the foreseeable future. In addition, we will require additional financing to fund future operations. Further, we do not have any commercial products available for sale and have not generated revenues and there is no assurance that if approval of our products is received that we will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that our research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable. Our ability to continue as a going concern is subject to our ability to obtain necessary funding from outside sources, including obtaining additional funding from the sale of our securities, obtaining loans from various financial institutions or being awarded grants from government agencies, where possible. Our continued net operating losses increase the difficulty in meeting such goals and there can be no assurances that such methods will prove successful.

We expect to incur losses from operations for the near future. We expect to incur increasing research and development expenses, including expenses related to additional clinical trials. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we expand our business development, add infrastructure and incur additional costs related to being a public company, including incremental audit fees, investor relations programs and increased professional services.

Our future capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including the progress of our research and development of product candidates, the timing and outcome of regulatory approvals, the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights, the status of competitive products, the availability of financing and our success in developing markets for our product candidates. We believe our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital equipment requirements for the next three months. We anticipate we will need approximately $2,500,000 to fund our operating expenses and capital equipment requirements for the next 12 months. We will have to raise additional funds to continue our operations and, while we have been successful in doing so in the past, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future. Our continuation as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain necessary additional funds to continue operations and the attainment of profitable operations.

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We presently do not have any available credit, bank financing or other external sources of liquidity. Due to our history and historical operating losses, our operations have not been a source of liquidity. We will need to obtain additional capital in order to expand operations and fund research and development activities. Future financing may include the issuance of equity or debt securities, obtaining credit facilities, or other financing mechanisms. Even if we are able to raise the funds required, it is possible that we could incur unexpected costs and expenses, fail to collect significant amounts owed to us, or experience unexpected cash requirements that would force us to seek alternative financing. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity or debt securities, stockholders may experience additional dilution or the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of our common stock.

If additional financing is not available or is not available on acceptable terms, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain product candidates that we might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently.

Transactions with Related Parties

We have entered into an agreement with Lederman & Co., LLC (“Lederman & Co”), a company under the control of Dr. Seth Lederman, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Effective February 1, 2012, Lederman & Co receives $250,000 per annum for its consulting services. The agreement renews automatically for subsequent terms of one year at $250,000 per annum.

Stock Compensation

In February 2012, we approved the 2012 Incentive Stock Options Plan, which was amended and restated in February 2013 (“2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan provides for the issuance of options to purchase up to 550,000 shares of our common stock to officers, directors, employees and consultants. Under the terms of the 2012 Plan, we may issue Incentive Stock Options, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, and nonstatutory options. The Board of Directors determines the exercise price, vesting and expiration period of the options granted under the 2012 Plan. However, the exercise price of an Incentive Stock Option must be at least 100% of fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant (or 110% for any stockholder that owns 10% or more of our common stock). The fair market value of the common stock determined based on quoted market price or in absence of such quoted market price, by the Board of Directors in a good faith. Additionally, the vesting period of the grants under the 2012 Plan should not be more than five years and expiration period not more than ten years. We reserved 550,000 shares of our common stock for future issuance under the terms of the 2012 Plan.

In May 2012, we issued options to purchase 175,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2012 Plan, with such options vesting 1/3^rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36^th on the 9^th of each month thereafter for 24 months, having an exercise price of $30.00 and expiring 10 years from date of issuance. In February 2013, we issued options to purchase 226,500 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2012 Plan, with such options vesting 1/3^rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36^th on the 12^th of each month thereafter for 24 months, having an exercise price of $10.20 and expiring 10 years from date of issuance.

Lease Commitments

In September 2010, we entered into a five-year lease for office space in New York City, with monthly payments escalating from approximately $10,000 in the first year to approximately $11,000 in the fifth year. The Company received a rent credit of $9,420 in each of the months of November 2010, December 2010 and January 2011. We issued a letter of credit in the amount of approximately $60,000 for the benefit of the landlord, which is collateralized by a money market account. Our future minimum lease payments under the operating lease are as follows:

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Year Ending December 31,
2013		96,141
2014		131,513
2015		100,719
	$	328,373

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Research and Development. Tonix outsources its research and development efforts and expenses related costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing product for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Stock Based Compensation. All stock-based payments to employees and to nonemployee directors for their services as directors consisted of grants of restricted stock and stock options, which are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as compensation expense over the relevant vesting period. Restricted stock payments to nonemployees are recognized as an expense over the period of performance. Such payments are measured at fair value at the earlier of the date a performance commitment is reached or the date performance is completed. In addition, for awards that vest immediately and are nonforfeitable, the measurement date is the date the award is issued.

Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of net operating loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts measured at the current enacted tax rates. The Company records an estimated valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is not more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will be realized. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There were various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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BUSINESS

Corporate Structure

We were incorporated on November 16, 2007 under the laws of the State of Nevada as Tamandare Explorations Inc. From inception through October 2011, we were involved in the acquisition, exploration and development of natural resource properties in the State of Nevada. On October 7, 2011, we executed and consummated the Share Exchange.

In the Share Exchange, the Tonix Shareholders exchanged their shares of Tonix Sub for newly issued shares of common stock. As a result, upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Sub became our wholly-owned subsidiary.

Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Shareholders received an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of our common stock. David Moss returned 75,000 shares of common stock to us, which were retired, and our existing shareholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Shareholders constituted approximately 85% of our 1,333,334 issued and outstanding shares of common stock immediately after the consummation of the Share Exchange.

As a result of the Share Exchange, we acquired 100% of the capital stock of Tonix Sub and consequently, control of the business and operations of Tonix Sub and Krele. From and after the consummation of the Share Exchange, our primary operations consist of the business and operations of Tonix Sub and Krele.

On October 11, 2011, we changed our name to Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. to reflect our new business.

Corporate Background

In 1996, Seth Lederman, MD, and Donald Landry, MD, PhD, formed L&L to develop medications for CNS conditions. Dr. Lederman is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Dr. Landry is a Director. L&L was a founder of Janus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which later became Vela, which developed various therapeutics, including a VLD version of CBP under an agreement with L&L. Vela decided to focus its resources on other programs and transferred the rights to VLD CBP and certain other technologies to L&L in March 2006.

Tonix Sub formed in June 2007 as Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by L&L and Plumbline. Dr. Lederman is Managing Partner of Plumbline. Plumbline possessed rights to certain technology for the treatment of alcohol dependence and abuse. In connection with founding Tonix Sub, L&L and Plumbline entered into an intellectual property transfer and assignment agreement with Tonix Sub for the purpose of assigning patents and transferring intellectual property and know-how in exchange for shares of common stock of Tonix Sub. As a result of economic conditions related to the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, Tonix Sub was not successful in raising money to fund its programs until 2009. As a result, Tonix Sub was unable to advance the development programs and had little activity except for prosecuting and maintaining patents and maintaining contracts.

In 2009, Tonix Sub contracted with the Toronto Psychiatric Research Foundation to perform the Moldofsky Study. The Moldofsky Study was conducted in Canada by the Toronto Psychiatric Research Foundation, and Tonix Sub obtained the data from this study from L&L. In addition, in 2009, Tonix Sub contracted with Caliper to analyze the interactions of CBP with certain receptors. In June 2010, Tonix Sub entered into consulting agreements with L&L and Lederman & Co and also acquired certain rights to develop isometheptene mucate as a treatment for certain types of headaches from Lederman & Co, which we are developing as TNX-201. Dr. Lederman is managing partner of Lederman & Co. Between June 2010 and October 2011, Tonix Sub was active in recruiting new officers and directors and initiating preclinical and clinical development of novel CBP formulations.

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Lederman & Co predominantly provides us with clinical development expertise. L&L predominantly provided us with scientific development expertise until the termination of the consulting agreement in June 2012. Relative to traditional pharmaceutical development companies, we can be considered a virtual company, since we contract with third-party vendors to provide many functions that are core to traditional pharmaceutical companies. For example, we have contracted with PharmaNet Canada to develop methods for analyzing CBP in the blood and to conduct human clinical studies to evaluate the performance of our formulation technology. Lederman & Co is responsible for overseeing the scientific and technical aspects of PharmaNet’s contract work product.

In July 2010, Tonix Sub changed its name to Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In August 2010, we formed Krele to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate NDA products. We anticipate that when our branded products lose patent protection, Krele may market authorized generic versions of them. Krele also may develop or acquire generic products approved under ANDAs and we may market branded versions (branded generics) of such products. Krele has been issued a state license in New York.

On April 23, 2013, we formed Tonix Canada. Tonix Canada is intended to perform research and development efforts in Canada. As a Canadian entity, we expect Tonix Canada will be entitled to receive certain reimbursable tax credits for research expenditures in Canada.

Business Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing novel pharmaceutical products for challenging disorders of the CNS. Our drug development programs are directed toward CNS conditions that manifest with central pain. Central pain results from abnormal sensory processing in the CNS, rather than from dysfunction in peripheral tissues where pain is perceived. Our lead development program is for the management of FM, a central pain syndrome. We also have a development program for the management of PTSD, in which central pain is a component. Central pain is associated with disturbed sleep, and an improvement in pain or sleep quality can benefit the other symptom. Our technology has been clinically demonstrated to decrease pain and improve sleep quality in FM. We are developing proprietary products for FM and PTSD that are based on a pharmaceutical agent approved for use in another indication. VLD CBP has been demonstrated to decrease pain and improve sleep quality in subjects with FM. Our products feature new dose, formulation, and delivery characteristics tailored to their chronic therapeutic uses in FM and PTSD, and are intended to be administered sublingually at bedtime. We expect to begin a Phase 2b clinical trial for FM in the third quarter of 2013, which, if successful, will serve as the first of two pivotal studies required for marketing approval in the U.S.

We are currently devoting the majority of our efforts to the development of our lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL. TNX-102 SL is a novel dose and formulation of CBP, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of two widely prescribed muscle relaxant products, Flexeril and Amrix. We believe that TNX-102 SL is an optimized CBP product for the treatment of FM and PTSD, and is distinct from current CBP products in three ways: (1) it is being developed at a dose level significantly below the lowest marketed doses of current CBP products; (2) it is placed under the tongue, to disintegrate, dissolve and provide sublingual absorption, whereas current CBP products are swallowed and provide absorption in the small intestine; and (3) it is being developed for chronic use, whereas current CBP products are marketed for two to three weeks of use. We are currently developing TNX-102 SL for the treatment of FM under an IND and under three CTAs filed in Canada. We are also developing TNX-102 SL for the treatment of PTSD, for which we held a pre-IND meeting in October 2012. We expect that any applications we submit for FDA approval of TNX-102 SL will be submitted under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA, which we believe will allow for a shorter timeline of clinical and non-clinical development as compared to that needed to fulfill the requirements of Section 505(b)(1), under which NCEs are generally developed to meet the FDA’s requirements for new drug approvals.

TNX-102 SL is a small, rapidly disintegrating tablet containing CBP for sublingual administration at bedtime. We designed TNX-102 SL to enable the efficient delivery of CBP to the systemic circulation via sublingual transmucosal absorption and to avoid first-pass liver metabolism (Figure 1). We also designed TNX-102 SL to provide CBP at doses lower than those currently available. We have conducted several clinical and non-clinical pharmacokinetic studies of TNX-102 sublingual formulations which we believe support the development of TNX-102 SL as a novel therapeutic product for central pain syndromes, including FM and PTSD, and which demonstrate a number of potentially advantageous characteristics as compared to current CBP-containing products, none of which are approved for these indications. For example, our Phase 1 comparative study showed that TNX-102 SL results in faster systemic absorption and significantly higher plasma levels of CBP in the first hour following administration relative to oral CBP tablets. TNX-102 SL was generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported in this study. Some subjects experienced transient numbness on the tongue after TNX-102 SL administration, and other side-effects reported were similar to those associated with current CBP products.

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Figure 1: Absorption of oral and sublingual cyclobenzaprine and effect of liver metabolism.

CBP is the active pharmaceutical ingredient in our lead product candidate, TNX-102 SL. CBP has been approved by the FDA in the U.S. since 1977. We have utilized drug delivery technology to produce new formulations of CBP. In addition to CBP, TNX-102 SL contains excipients, which are well-characterized, are listed in the Inactive Ingredient Guide and are approved for pharmaceutical use. We anticipate seeking FDA marketing approval of TNX-102 SL through a 505(b)(2) NDA. As one of three types of drug applications, the 505(b)(2) NDA allows drug companies to obtain FDA approval of new drug products without having to conduct the full complement of non-clinical toxicology and clinical safety and efficacy studies, which is often the most time-consuming and expensive part of the drug development process. The application of the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway permits the drug manufacturer to rely on the agency’s findings for a previously-approved drug, published literature, or both, and permits the FDA to make some safety and effectiveness determinations through the review of materials in the public domain or in already approved NDAs of products containing CBP. In summary, the 505(b)(2) development strategy would spare us some of the burden of generating all of this data for ourselves and may allow TNX-102 SL to progress through a shorter development pathway than is typical for pharmaceutical products based on novel active ingredients. We have not filed an NDA for TNX-102 SL for any indications.

TNX-102 SL for FM

FM is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. According to the National Institutes of Health, there are approximately five million people suffering from FM in the U.S. The peak incidence of FM occurs at 20-50 years of age, and 80-90% of diagnosed patients are female. FM may have a substantial negative impact on social and occupational function, including disrupted relationships with family and friends, social isolation, reduced activities of daily living and leisure activities, avoidance of physical activity, and loss of career or inability to advance in careers or education.

Although the disordered brain processes that underlie FM are yet to be fully understood, the mechanisms of drugs that treat central pain are believed to target certain aspects of nerve signaling. Three drugs, Lyrica (pregabalin), Cymbalta (duloxetine), and Savella (milnacipran), are approved by the FDA for the management of FM and are believed to act upon molecular pathways involved in central pain. Lyrica is believed to affect nerve signaling by blocking calcium channels on nerve cells, and is considered a nerve membrane stabilizer. Cymbalta and Savella are believed to directly inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by nerves, and are referred to as SNRIs. CBP, the active ingredient of TNX-102 SL, is a selective antagonist of serotonin and norepinephrine receptors as well as an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, and we refer to it as a SNARI (Figure 2).

Figure 2: CBP, the active ingredient of TNX-102 SL, is a Serotonin and Norepinephrine receptor Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor (SNARI) as it selectively: (1) inhibits serotonergic signaling via the 5-HT2a receptor, (2) inhibits adrenergic signaling via the alpha1 receptor, (3) inhibits serotonin reuptake, and (4) inhibits norepinephrine reuptake.

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Our therapeutic strategy is supported by results from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study of VLD CBP taken between dinner and bedtime in 36 subjects with FM, which demonstrated a significant decrease in pain and other symptoms after eight weeks of treatment. This study also demonstrated that VLD CBP led to a significant improvement in objective measures of sleep quality. Our Phase 1 studies demonstrated TNX-102 SL to have a pharmacokinetic profile distinct from that of oral CBP products, which we believe supports chronic bedtime administration for the treatment of FM and PTSD.

We held an End-of-Phase 2/Pre-Phase 3 meeting with the FDA in February 2013, at which we discussed the design of the clinical program, including the acceptability of the pivotal study design and the proposed registration plan, to support the approval of TNX-102 SL for the management of FM. We believe that positive results from two adequate, well-controlled safety and efficacy studies and the completion of long-term open-label safety exposure studies per FDA and ICH requirements for chronic use would support the approval of TNX-102 SL for the management of FM. Under the IND, we plan to initiate a potential pivotal efficacy trial (Phase 2b) in FM (TNX-CY-F202) in the third quarter of 2013. We have entered into a letter of intent to engage Premier Research International, LLC, a CRO, to perform clinical and data management services for the pivotal efficacy trial.

During our End-of-Phase 2/Pre-Phase 3 meeting with the FDA, the FDA indicated that it is receptive to our plan to present pharmacodynamic results in the eventual product labeling for TNX-102 SL. We plan to conduct a comparative PK/PD study (TNX-CY-F10X) to measure the effect of TNX-102 SL on measures such as somnolence, the results of which may enable us to provide further differentiation from other CBP products.

To ensure that we have selected the best sublingual formulation for TNX-102 SL pharmaceutical product development, two prototype sublingual formulations (same amount of CBP with minor changes in excipients) have been manufactured and will be compared with the formulation that will be evaluated in the Phase 2b trial. A formulation comparison PK study (TNX-CY-F104) will be initiated in Canada prior to the initiation of the Phase 2b study (TNX-CY-F202). Based on the results, we will select a formulation that will be used in the open-label extension safety study (TNX-CY-F203) and other remaining clinical studies that will support the NDA submission. We plan to conduct a comparative multi-dose PK study (TNX-CY-F105) of the Phase 2b formulation and the formulation we select for remaining studies to establish bioequivalence. We expect results from this “bridging” study to show that the intended commercial drug product, to be produced by a commercial manufacturer, is comparable to the Phase 2b drug product, which was produced by a clinical manufacturer. These results may also support a formulation change if a different formulation (same active ingredient with minor changes in excipients) is selected.

The process to bring a new drug formulation from concept through testing to approval for a new indication by the FDA is a time-consuming, costly and high-risk process. Once a drug formulation has been tested in laboratories, we need to conduct clinical trials of the product candidate to test its uptake into the blood stream, elimination, effectiveness and safety. Neither laboratory nor animal studies predict the properties of drugs in humans, so designing new formulations can result in a large number of unexpected outcomes. The Phase 1 studies are performed by administering new drug formulations to a limited number of healthy human volunteers and are designed to test the initial concept of the drug formulation and to determine the correct dosage to be tested subsequently on patients affected with the target disorder. The initial Phase 1 studies can take up to a year or more to complete, however, since we reformulate versions of approved drugs for new uses, we may need to devote less time to Phase 1 studies since our testing is informed by significant prior human research that we believe allows us to reduce the possible safety-related outcomes. The next step in the process is to conduct a proof-of-concept efficacy study to identify the effective dose(s). A small Phase 2a efficacy study in the representative patient population will use either a pilot formulation or the formulation selected for further development. A larger study in which the selected formulation has been optimized for the target indication can be referred to as a first pivotal study, a Phase 2b study or a Phase 3 study. If the results of this study are positive and are accepted by the FDA as fulfilling the requirements of a registrational study, then this study may be considered to be one of the two pivotal studies typically required for drug approval. The first pivotal study for a condition like FM typically takes a year to complete and two to three months for data analysis. If the first pivotal study suggests the drug is safe and effective, then a second pivotal “confirmatory” Phase 3 study is conducted. The second pivotal study in FM typically takes 18 months to complete including data analysis. To meet the ICH long-term safety exposure requirement, we plan to conduct one or more long-term safety exposure studies of TNX-102 SL to support the chronic use of TNX-102 SL in FM. Assuming our clinical development of TNX-102 SL in FM meets with success, we would submit an NDA to the FDA seeking marketing approval of TNX-102 SL for the management of FM. We believe it would take approximately six months to prepare and file the NDA and another 14 months to obtain final FDA approval. The drug could be marketed shortly after FDA approval. Therefore, it typically takes more than five years to bring a new formulation of an approved drug to market for a different indication, and any delays in the process, such as lack of capital necessary to run clinical trials, unexpected results, adverse effects, or difficulty in recruiting willing subjects for trials, would result in additional time before a drug could be approved for marketing.

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TNX-102 SL for PTSD

We are also advancing TNX-102 SL for the management of PTSD. We held a pre-IND meeting with the FDA in October 2012, and we plan to file an IND to initiate a proof-of concept study in the third quarter of 2013. We plan to begin this trial of TNX-102 SL in the fourth quarter of 2013. Based on our pre-IND discussion with the FDA, the clinical data necessary to support the PTSD NDA approval will be comprised of positive results from two adequate, well-controlled efficacy and safety studies and safety exposure data. We expect to be able to rely, at least in part, on safety exposure data generated by our clinical development of TNX-102 SL in FM for the purpose of the NDA requirements for PTSD.

Pipeline of Additional Product Candidates

In addition to TNX-102 SL, we have developed other innovative formulations of CBP, including TNX-102 gelcap. We have developed TNX-102 gelcap under an agreement with Lipocine, a contract formulation developer and small-scale manufacturer. Although we had met with the FDA to discuss the TNX-102 gelcap development program in August 2011 and we have generated clinical data that support the further development of TNX-102 gelcap, we currently do not plan to advance this candidate.

We have a pipeline of other product candidates, including TNX-201 and TNX-301. TNX-201 is based on isometheptene mucate and is under development as a treatment for certain types of headaches. TNX-201 is a pure isomer of isometheptene mucate, which has been approved and marketed only as a mixture of two isomers. TNX-301 is a fixed dose combination of two FDA-approved drugs, disulfiram and selegiline, and is under development as a treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence. Due to our size and being in the development stage, we do not currently devote a significant amount of time or resources towards our other pipeline candidates. We may perform non-clinical development work on TNX-201 and possibly on TNX-301, but we do not expect to start clinical trials of either of these candidates until 2014 at the earliest. For competitive reasons, we do not disclose the identities of the active ingredients or targeted indications in our pipeline until a U.S. patent has been allowed or issued.

Product candidates we may develop in the future will likely be reformulations of active ingredients that have been used in humans in other products and that are designed for new CNS therapeutic indications. In other cases, our future product candidates may be formulated to match predicate products closely enough to be considered generic copies or similarly enough to other marketed products to rely (in part) on their regulatory review and approval, as well as available published data. The predicate product may be approved by the FDA under an NDA or may have been reviewed for safety and effectiveness by the National Academy of Sciences under the DESI program, in which case they would be considered by FDA to be “unapproved products”. For DESI products, it is our intent to develop NDA versions to meet cGMP and ICH requirements to seek approval under the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway.

Our Strategy

Our objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat CNS conditions, including FM and PTSD. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:

· pursue development and regulatory approval pathways by reformulating versions of approved drugs for new uses and by using the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for NDA approval;

· adopt a multi-pronged patent strategy to protect our products, including patents which protect methods of use for the active ingredients in our products, the formulation technology employed in our products, and the performance characteristics of our products in the human body;

· provide clear value propositions to third-party payers, including managed care companies or government programs such as Medicare, to merit reimbursement for our product candidates; and

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· enter into collaborations with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among others, our FM and PTSD product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing resources beyond those in our Company.

Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe our lead product candidates may be approvable under pathways that are potentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients (Section 505(b)(1)). By focusing on developing new formulations of approved drugs for new uses, we believe that we will be able to use the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for NDA approval. This pathway can reduce the time and expense required for our development programs by allowing our use of previously-generated safety and efficacy information regarding the active pharmaceutical ingredients in our lead product candidates to support the filing and approval of our NDA application. Our use of this information may help reduce the size and scope of our preclinical and clinical trials. The FDA has strict requirements on the marketing of drugs, and FDA approves each drug for specific uses which are called the label indications. The use of a drug product for the treatment of a condition other than one of its approved label indications is called off-label use. The development of an existing FDA-approved drug for the treatment of a condition other than one of its approved label indications is considered a “new use”. For companies involved in the ethical development and marketing of prescription drugs in the US, FDA approval of a new use or new label indication is the only legal basis of marketing claims for that use or indication. Off-label use is not recognized by the FDA or FDA-regulated companies as a new use.

Adopt a multi-pronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a multi-pronged patent strategy by seeking intellectual property protection on several aspects of our products. Aspects we seek to protect include, among others, methods of use for certain known active pharmaceutical ingredients, formulation technologies incorporated into our products, and performance characteristics of our products in the human body. With respect to methods of use patents, we believe the therapeutic uses we target are new uses for these active ingredients and we have been issued patents directed to certain aspects of our new uses. For example, the invention of bedtime VLD CBP as a treatment for FM was novel and unexpected when our patents were filed in 2000. We are seeking additional patents to cover other new uses. For example, we filed a patent application seeking to protect the use of CBP in PTSD. With respect to formulation patents, we believe our products will be protected by patents that describe inventions of technology for making new formulations, which may include novel routes of delivery for the active ingredients. With respect to patents related to the performance characteristics of our products in the human body, we believe our products will be protected by patents that describe novel pharmacokinetic properties of the active ingredient, as well as of its active metabolites, at certain times after administration. For example, we filed a patent application seeking to protect novel pharmacokinetic properties of CBP as enabled by TNX-102 SL.

Provide clear value propositions to third-party payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates . We are designing our clinical development programs to demonstrate compelling competitive advantages to patients and prescribers and also to demonstrate value propositions to third-party payors. We believe TNX-102 SL might help in the management of FM by reducing pain and other symptoms, such as fatigue. In addition, primarily as a result of its lower dosage, we believe that bedtime treatment with TNX-102 SL will have fewer day time side-effects than off-label bedtime treatment with immediate-release CBP, or CBP IR. For FM, we believe an FDA-approved product would capture some of the off-label use of generic CBP. Because FDA approvals are based on objective data, we believe that third-party payors will provide reimbursement for an FDA approved product, even at a premium price relative to other drugs that are used off-label, such as CBP IR, tizanidine, baclofen, carisoprodol or metaxalone. For example, third-party payors reimburse the use of Lyrica and Cymbalta for FM despite the availability of off-label generic versions of drugs with similar mechanisms of action, for example, Neurontin® (gabapentin) and generic anti-depressants, respectively.

Enter into collaborations to maximize the value of our technology. We believe certain of our drug development candidates, including TNX-102 SL, can be developed and marketed more effectively by companies that already have significant drug development and marketing capabilities. We will seek to enter into collaborations with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies for the commercialization of these product candidates at the times we believe most effective.

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Our Lead Product Candidates

Our lead product candidate is TNX-102 SL, which we are developing for the treatment of FM and PTSD. TNX-102 SL consists of CBP in a mixture of inactive ingredients that are called “excipients”, which we believe will improve the absorption rate of CBP in ways that will optimize the product for bedtime treatment. The excipients used in TNX-102 SL are approved by the FDA for pharmaceutical uses.

Cyclobenzaprine

CBP was first synthesized in 1961 by Merck, and the 10 mg Flexeril immediate-release, or IR, dose form was FDA approved in 1977 for the relief of muscle spasm associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy.

Although a number of clinical studies have addressed the potential use and benefit of CBP in treating symptoms of FM, to our knowledge these studies have not motivated a sponsor to pursue FDA approval.

Based on CBP’s safety and efficacy for treating muscle spasm, in the 1990s, Merck conducted studies to support an application to market a 5 mg Flexeril tablet (low dose) for the over-the-counter, or OTC, market, whereby patients can purchase medicine without a physician’s prescription. Although Merck’s studies re-affirmed the safety and demonstrated efficacy of 5 mg Flexeril in several large trials, the OTC division of the FDA rejected the application for use without a prescription, apparently, we believe, because muscle spasm was deemed a condition that required a physician to diagnose and supervise treatment.

Merck divested the Flexeril franchise to Alza Pharmaceuticals, or Alza. Alza subsequently was acquired by Johnson and Johnson and Flexeril is part of their McNeil Specialty Pharmaceuticals division. Based largely on the Merck studies, McNeil won approval of Flexeril 5 mg tablets as a prescription medicine to treat muscle spasm. McNeil promoted Flexeril 5 mg tablets for the three year period of market exclusivity based on The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, generally referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Act. Following this exclusivity period, several generics entered the market and took market share from Flexeril. McNeil has discontinued the manufacture of Flexeril.

Despite the approved uses of CBP in treating muscle spasm, we believe current marketed formulations of CBP are limited for treating FM by slow and unpredictable absorption. Following the ingestion of CBP IR, it takes more than one hour for clinically-meaningful blood levels to be achieved. As described in the Flexeril package insert, the amount of CBP absorbed into the bloodstream varies between 33-55% of the dose ingested. The variability in absorption may be due to several factors, including effects of the stomach pH (acidity or base) on the dissolution of the tablets, as well as the context of either an empty stomach or a recent meal. Food in the stomach and small intestine from a recent meal contributes to variability in absorbing other drugs. The uncertainties in absorption rates make it challenging for a physician contemplating a bedtime treatment for FM to ensure the intended therapeutic effect is achieved without risking side effects like next-day drowsiness, which could result if the patient has too much CBP remaining in the bloodstream the next day.

If a product could provide rapid and consistent absorption of CBP, patients would be more likely to receive a drug exposure profile that is aligned with the intended period of exposure and less likely to receive too little drug to receive a therapeutic effect. Conversely, patients would be less likely to receive too much drug, which might lead to potential side effects, including next-day drowsiness. An optimal bedtime VLD CBP product could have faster absorption, lower blood levels in the morning and more predictable effects than the IR tablet format. We have tested a number of technologies to optimize the properties of VLD CBP as a bedtime therapy for FM and PTSD. Our lead product, TNX-102 SL is a novel sublingual tablet form of VLD CBP that we have tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We intend to enter TNX-102 SL into a potential pivotal clinical trial program in FM in the third quarter of 2013, and begin a Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial in PTSD in the fourth quarter of 2013. We believe the unique properties of TNX-102 SL, as demonstrated by the results of our studies, support its development in both FM and PTSD. We have developed other innovative formulations of CBP, including TNX-102 gelcap. Although we had met with the FDA to discuss the TNX-102 gelcap development program in August 2011 and we have generated clinical data that support the further development of TNX-102 gelcap, we currently do not plan to advance this candidate.

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TNX-102 SL in Fibromyalgia Syndrome

TNX-102 SL, our most advanced product candidate, is a rapidly disintegrating tablet containing VLD CBP that is designed to be placed under the tongue at bedtime. The development of TNX-102 SL in FM is supported by the results of the Moldofsky Study, which evaluated oral administration of CBP at doses below the lowest marketed dose in the evening, as well as by preclinical and comparative clinical pharmacokinetic studies.

In the Moldofsky Study, which was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 2a trial, it was demonstrated that VLD CBP in a capsule swallowed between dinner and bedtime resulted in significant decreases in next-day pain and other core FM symptoms after eight weeks of treatment, as well as in a significant improvement in sleep quality. We believe that CBP exerts its benefit in FM via its ability to improve the restorative quality of sleep, which has been shown to be frequently impaired in patients with FM or PTSD. Current CBP products are believed to be widely used off-label by FM patients.

FM is diagnosed by groups of symptoms that have been defined by committees of the American College of Rheumatology, or ACR, and a committee of experts from the organization Outcome Measures in Rheumatology. In 2007, Pfizer’s Lyrica became the first medicine approved by the FDA for the management of FM. In 2008, Eli Lilly’s Cymbalta became the second medicine approved by the FDA for the management of FM. In 2009, Savella was the third medicine approved by the FDA for the management of FM. Savella is marketed by Forest Laboratories.

Product Development Plan

Phase 2a Data of VLD CBP in FM Patients

Our motivation to focus our efforts on developing TNX-102 SL for FM stems from the results of the Moldofsky Study, the related rights to which we acquired from L&L. Specifically, this study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating eight week trial conducted at two study centers. The study randomized 36 subjects, all of whom met ACR criteria for FM.

Patients received VLD CBP IR 1 mg capsules or corresponding placebo capsules to ingest after dinner and before bedtime. Initially, patients took one capsule each evening, but over the course of the study, they were allowed to increase the number of capsules taken in increments of one capsule per week. The maximum number of capsules allowed was four per evening, which would be a total dose of 4 mg CBP IR.

Patients treated with VLD CBP demonstrated significant improvements in pain, fatigue and tenderness at week 8 relative to baseline, whereas placebo-treated patients did not improve. Although this study excluded patients who met formal criteria for major depressive disorder or any anxiety disorder, there is a high degree of co-existing symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with FM. Relative to baseline, VLD CBP treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score, which measures symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the HAD depression subscore which measures depressive symptoms.

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Figure 3: Results of a Phase 2 Study of VLD CBP in FM Patients as administered between dinner and bedtime.

As illustrated in Figure 3, this study showed that treatment with VLD CBP as compared to treatment with placebo:

· decreased musculoskeletal pain, by demonstrating a significant decrease in mean subject-assessed numeric pain score (p<0.05); and

· improved mood, by demonstrating a significant decrease in mean HAD depression subscore (p<0.05).

This study also showed that VLD CBP taken between dinner and bedtime resulted in a significant improvement in objective measures of sleep quality. We believe that CBP exerts its benefit in FM via its ability to improve the restorative quality of sleep, which has been shown to be frequently impaired in patients with FM.

In this study, VLD CBP was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events.

This research was published in the Journal of Rheumatology, in an article entitled “Effects of Bedtime Very Low Dose (VLD) Cyclobenzaprine (CBP) on Symptoms and Sleep Physiology in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM): A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.” The citation is: Moldofsky H, Harris H, Kwong T, Archambault WT and Lederman S. J Rheum 2011 Dec;38(12):2653-63.

Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Studies

We have conducted two preclinical and two clinical studies of our sublingual formulations of CBP, which have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of these formulations as well as their comparative bioavailability to oral CBP.

Our preclinical animal studies demonstrated that our sublingual formulations provide faster delivery and more efficient systemic absorption of CBP as compared to current oral forms of the drug.

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Our first clinical study of sublingual CBP evaluated a solution formulation in which certain key ingredients of TNX-102 SL were delivered under the tongue in a small volume of water. This single-dose study was conducted in Canada. The trial enrolled 23 healthy volunteers, and subjects received one of: a sublingual solution containing 2.4 mg of CBP and sublingual absorption-enabling ingredients of TNX-102 SL (Arm 1), a sublingual solution that was designed to simulate crushed CBP IR tablets, i.e., without the sublingual absorption-enabling ingredients (2.4 mg) (Arm 2), an oral CBP IR tablet (5 mg) (Arm 3), or intravenous CBP (2.4 mg) (Arm 4). The study measured circulating blood levels of CBP at pre-defined time-points over six days after receiving study medication. Patients receiving sublingual formulations were instructed to spit and rinse 90 seconds following administration. The results demonstrated that the solution formulation of TNX-102 SL (Arm 1) delivered CBP to the systemic circulation more efficiently than the sublingual solution of a simulated crushed tablet (Arm 2) and faster than the ingested tablet (Arm 3). In the study, all of the CBP formulations were well-tolerated, and there were no unexpected adverse events.

Our second clinical study of sublingual CBP evaluated TNX-102 SL, the sublingual tablet formulation we expect to advance into further development. This study was conducted in Canada. This study enrolled 24 healthy volunteers and evaluated a single dose of one 2.4 mg tablet or two tablets (4.8 mg) of TNX-102 SL or the currently-marketed 5 mg CBP tablet. In comparison to oral administration of the 5 mg CBP tablet, both sublingual doses of TNX-102 SL demonstrated faster systemic absorption. After administration of TNX-102 SL, blood levels of CBP were significantly higher at 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes relative to administration of the 5 mg CBP tablet. In the study, TNX-102 SL was generally well tolerated. There were no unexpected adverse events, with the exception of a mild, temporary numbness at the tongue experienced by less than one-third of the subjects that received TNX-102 SL tablets.

Prospective Phase 2b “BESTFIT” Study

We expect to advance the clinical development of TNX-102 SL, containing 2.8 mg CBP, for the management of FM by conducting a Phase 2b study called the BESTFIT trial (“BEdtime Sublingual TNX-102 as Fibromyalgia Intervention Therapy”). In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, FM patients will be administered either TNX-102 SL or placebo at bedtime nightly for 12 weeks. We expect to enroll 100-200 patients into this study. We expect that our proposed Phase 2b study, if successful and accepted by the FDA, will be one of the two pivotal studies required to support the NDA approval.

The primary efficacy measure in this study will be the change in pain severity at week 12 with TNX-102 SL as compared to placebo, as assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale, or NRS. This endpoint is similar to that utilized in clinical trials of drug products currently approved for use in FM. We will also collect information on other outcome measures, including NRS scores at other time points, the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and the Patient Global Impression of Change. We have entered into a non-binding letter of intent to engage Premier Research International, LLC, a CRO, to perform key services for the pivotal efficacy trial. Subsequent to receiving FDA concurrence with our proposed protocol, including the methodology for primary endpoint analysis, the study will begin enrollment in the third quarter of 2013 and we expect it will be completed in the second half of 2014. We have contracted with a CMO to manufacture and perform stability testing on TNX-102 SL tablets for this Phase 2b study.

Prospective Multi-dose Pharmacokinetic Study

Since CBP will be used chronically in TNX-102 SL, we will study TNX-102 SL in comparison to CBP IR in a multiple-day dosing (once daily) study. Subjects will receive TNX-102 SL or CBP IR for four or more consecutive days. Peak and trough blood levels of CBP will be measured. The results of this study will provide information regarding blood levels of CBP resulting from use of the marketed IR tablet and our sublingual TNX-102 SL tablet when taken in a multiple day regimen. We expect the data from this study to serve as a ‘bridge’, in that they will allow us to use the CBP IR tablet as the reference product in our submission of a Section 505(b)(2) NDA for TNX-102 SL.

Prospective Study Comparing Safety and Tolerability of TNX-102 SL with CBP IR

We plan to conduct a small study designed to evaluate next morning drowsiness and other cognitive measures following the bedtime use of TNX-102 SL and the bedtime use of CBP IR. The goal of this study is to determine the potential benefit of TNX-102 SL compared with CBP IR on next morning drowsiness and on other cognitive functions.

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Prospective Phase 3 Study

If our Phase 2b BESTFIT study of TNX-102 SL in FM is successful, then we expect to conduct a Phase 3 confirmatory study in support of product registration. At that time, we plan to conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study in which patients with FM will receive TNX-102 SL or placebo at bedtime nightly for 12 weeks. It is likely that the primary efficacy measure in this study will be the change in pain severity with TNX-102 SL as compared to placebo at week 12, assessed by the NRS, similar to the primary efficacy measure of the Phase 2b study. Secondary outcome measures will be carefully considered to best support desired label claims and to optimize the marketing message for product differentiation. We expect approximately 300 FM patients will be enrolled in this trial.

Long-Term Safety Exposure Study

To evaluate the safety of TNX-102 SL for chronic use, we expect to conduct one or more long-term open-label safety exposure studies. The FDA agreed that the safety database needed to support a 505(b)(2) NDA submission for TNX-102 SL would contain a total exposure of at least 300 FM patients, with at least 100 patients receiving TNX-102 SL for six months and at least 50 patients for one year. We plan to conduct open-label extension studies in which patients may be eligible to enroll following their completion of our Phase 2b and Phase 3 safety and efficacy trials in FM.

Nonclinical

In addition to the clinical data necessary to support the TNX-102 SL 505(b)(2) NDA filing for the fibromyalgia indication, the FDA also clarified the nonclinical studies required for the NDA filing since the information from the reference product is either unavailable for reference or failed to meet the current regulatory standard. We have initiated discussions with several Good Laboratory Practices-compliant laboratories to conduct a six month repeated-dose toxicology study in rats, a nine month repeated-dose toxicology study in dogs and a peri- and post-natal Segment III study required for the NDA filing. We plan to submit these draft toxicology protocols for FDA review and seek agreement on the doses and facilities chosen for these studies. These studies will be performed concurrently with the pivotal clinical trial program and will be completed ahead of the NDA submission. Based on the Flexeril labeling and post-marketing surveillance information, there is no evidence of abuse for CBP. As a result, TNX-102 SL will not have to assess the abuse potential of CBP for the NDA submission.

Manufacturing

The TNX-102 drug product that has been manufactured for our first pivotal study (Phase 2b) was manufactured in a small-scale GMP facility that is licensed to manufacture clinical trial materials, but not equipped for large-scale commercial production. For the second pivotal study and for the commercial product, we will engage a commercial GMP facility that is capable of manufacturing the registration batches to support the NDA. The product’s comparability will be supported by the bioequivalence results from the “bridging” study, TNX-CY-F105.

Other NDA Requirements

We have submitted an initial Pediatric Study Plan, or PSP, which contains a full waiver of the requirement to submit pediatric assessments per Section 505B(a)(4)(A)(i) of the FDCA, since: pediatric studies are impossible or highly impractical because the number of patients is so small (Section 505B(a)(4)(A)(i) of the FDCA), TNX-102 SL does not represent a meaningful therapeutic benefit over existing therapies for pediatric patients, and TNX-102 SL is not likely to be used in a substantial number of pediatric patients (Section 505B(a)(4)(A)(iii) of the FDCA). Furthermore, TNX-102 SL will be submitted as a 505(b)(2) NDA, referencing the approved CBP products (Flexeril and Amrix) for safety. Based on the approved Flexeril and Amrix labeling, the safety and effectiveness of CBP has not been studied in pediatric patients.

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Based our discussions with the FDA and the FDA formal meeting minutes, we will not have to conduct special populations (geriatric and renal/hepatic impaired), drug-drug interaction or a cardiovascular safety study to support the NDA filing. Due to the well-established safety profile of CBP at much higher doses than we proposed for FM, the FDA requests no risk management plan or medication guide for this product.

Regulatory Strategy

The FDA approvals of Lyrica, Cymbalta and Savella establish a regulatory approval standard for the management of FM. However, given the heterogeneity of patients with this disease, it may not prove to be the only pathway or approval requirement. We hope to register TNX-102 SL with the FDA through the provisions of Section 505(b)(2). This regulatory pathway may help to accelerate product development and reduce overall business risk. The 505(b)(2)-based product development plan for TNX-102 SL is designed to leverage the safety data that have been generated by other manufacturers for CBP-containing products and accepted by the FDA in support of their product registrations, in addition to the safety data we generate. TNX-102 SL contains significantly less active CBP than other marketed products. We believe that the safety data package from these products and the CBP prescriptions utilization database analyzed by IMS Health Incorporated will provide adequate safety margin to support TNX-102 SL development. At our End-of-Phase 2/Pre-Phase 3 meeting we held with the FDA in February 2013, we discussed the nature and extent of the Phase 2b and Phase 3 clinical trials we need to conduct to so as to receive regulatory acceptance of our proposed NDA plan for a differentiated product for the management of FM.

If NDA approval of TNX-102 SL is granted, in addition to the three-year marketing exclusivity provided by law, we expect this product to be protected by patents that extend through at least 2021, during which time it should not be subject to generic substitution. We plan to continue to support the TNX-102 SL program with new patent applications as we obtain data from the clinical evaluation of our new formulation in healthy human subjects and in FM patients. For example, we have recently filed patent applications on TNX-102 SL which, if issued, would be expected to provide protection from generic substitution until 2033.

TNX-102 SL in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

We are also developing TNX-102 SL for the management of PTSD, a psychiatric disorder that begins in the aftermath of traumatic experiences. We held a pre-IND meeting with the FDA in October 2012, at which our clinical program for PTSD was discussed. We have not yet conducted any clinical trials on PTSD patients.

Parallels Between FM and PTSD

A number of parallels have been noted between FM and PTSD. In addition, symptom overlap may exist between patients diagnosed with FM or PTSD. In a survey of males with PTSD or major depression (Amital et al, Posttraumatic stress disorder, tenderness, and fibromyalgia syndrome: are they different entities? J. Psychosom. Res. 2006, 61(5):663-9), 49% of PTSD patients met the ACR criteria for FM compared to 5% of major depression patients. Conversely, in a different survey of FM patients (Cohen et al., Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in fibromyalgia patients: overlapping syndromes or post-traumatic fibromyalgia syndrome? Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2002, 32(1):38-50), 57% of the sample had symptoms associated with PTSD.

A core feature of PTSD is sleep disturbance, including insomnia and nightmares. Sleep disturbances are believed to exacerbate daytime symptoms of PTSD, including irritability, poor concentration, and diminished interest in significant activities. We believe the sleep disturbances of PTSD bear similarity to those associated with FM.

Emerging Market Opportunity

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Paxil^® (paroxetine) and Zoloft^® (sertraline) are FDA approved for PTSD, but are not satisfactory treatments for many patients. Other drugs that show promise for the treatment of PTSD, but are not FDA approved, include antidepressants such as nefazodone, mirtazapine and trazodone; the antihistamine cyproheptadine; certain atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine and risperidone; and an adrenergic alpha-1 receptor blocker, prazosin. Prazosin may decrease nightmares and insomnia and has been associated with improvements in daytime PTSD symptoms, depression, and quality of life.

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Our rationale for studying the effects of CBP in PTSD derives from the following:

· our clinical studies that VLD CBP improves FM symptoms, a disorder having significant overlap with PTSD;

· our clinical studies that VLD CBP can improve sleep quality, which is impaired in PTSD; and

· in studies conducted by Caliper under our direction, CBP interacts with a receptor on brain cells called the serotonin type 2a receptor. Based on numerous peer-reviewed scientific publications, we have identified a number of compounds that bind this receptor that have been shown to have effects in treating PTSD. Therefore, it is our belief that CBP, because it binds to the serotonin type 2a receptor, will have a therapeutic effect in treating PTSD.

As very little information was available on the biochemical effects of CBP and its primary metabolite, norcyclobenzaprine, or nCBP, in the central nervous system, we have engaged several CROs to better understand the interactions of these agents with certain receptors in the brain. CROs we have engaged in this effort include Caliper, Cerep, Millipore, and DiscoveRx. Results from a series of binding and functional studies show that both of these molecules are potent antagonists of the serotonin type 2a and the histamine H1 receptors, which known to have effects on sleep and sleep maintenance. The results also show that CBP and nCBP antagonize the adrenergic alpha 1A and 1B receptors, which may have effects on autonomic dysfunction. The results of some of these studies were presented at a poster session during the 2012 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting (Daugherty et al, “Cyclobenzaprine (CBP) and its Major Metabolite Norcyclobenzaprine (nCBP) are Potent Antagonists of Human Serotonin Receptor 2a (5-HT2a), Histamine Receptor H1 and Alpha-Adrenergic Receptors: Mechanistic and Safety Implications for Treating Fibromyalgia Syndrome by Improving Sleep Quality”, Abstract #960).

Product Development Path

We anticipate that the dose of TNX-102 SL sufficient to treat PTSD symptoms may be higher than that sufficient to treat FM. We plan to utilize the data obtained from our pharmacokinetic studies of TNX-102 SL to inform the design of efficacy trials in PTSD.

Based on the recommendations and guidance received at our October 2012 pre-IND meeting with the FDA, we plan to file an IND application for TNX-102 SL in the PTSD indication in the third quarter of 2013, and to begin a Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial in the fourth quarter of 2013. We expect to be able to use TNX-102 SL tablets manufactured for the FM studies in the initial PTSD clinical trials.

Prospective Proof-of-Concept Phase 2 Study

We plan to use the IND to support a small clinical study to ascertain the potential efficacy of TNX-102 SL in this disorder. This will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in subjects with PTSD. TNX-102 SL and placebo will be administered once daily at bedtime. The primary efficacy measure will be the change in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale from baseline to week six. Secondary outcome variables may include the PTSD Dream Rating Scale, the PTSD Checklist, the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, polysomnograms may be obtained at baseline and at specified times during the trial.

Prospective Phase 3 Studies

If our Phase 2 trial of TNX-102 SL in PTSD is successful, we intend to conduct two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 studies designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of TNX-102 SL in patients with PTSD. We expect both of these Phase 3 studies to be of 12 weeks’ duration and of crossover design. We expect the results of the Phase 2 trial to determine dose levels in these Phase 3 trials, but like the Phase 2 trial, TNX-102 SL may be dosed flexibly. The primary endpoints for both Phase 3 studies are anticipated to be similar to those proposed to be featured in the Phase 2 study, and as with the Phase 2 study, in addition to standardized measures of PTSD symptomatology and severity, polysomnograms may be obtained.

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Regulatory Strategy

The approvals by the FDA of Paxil (paroxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline) for treating PTSD establish a regulatory approval pathway for symptom reduction in PTSD. We believe our clinical development program of TNX-102 SL and the chronic safety data generated from the TNX-102 SL FM NDA program will result in a differentiated product suitable for chronic use for the treatment of PTSD. We believe that our planned clinical trials in PTSD, if successful, will provide sufficient evidence of clinical efficacy and safety to support a 505(b)(2) NDA for TNX-102 SL for the management of PTSD.

We held a pre-IND meeting with the FDA in October 2012, and we plan to file an IND to initiate a proof-of concept study in the third quarter of 2013. We plan to begin this trial using 2.8 mg TNX-102 SL tablets in the fourth quarter of 2013. Based on the pre-IND discussion with the FDA, the clinical data necessary to support the PTSD NDA approval will be comprised of positive results from two adequate, well-controlled efficacy and safety studies and the completion of long-term open-label safety exposure studies to meet the FDA/ICH long term safety exposure requirement for new pharmaceutical drug products intended for chronic use. Any change in formulation after the completion of the pivotal study will be supported by a “bridging” study demonstrating bioequivalence of the clinical and commercial formulations. Justified by the approved Flexeril labeling and supported by post-marketing surveillance data, we do not anticipate the need to conduct abuse potential assessment study for the PTSD NDA filing. Our initial Pediatric Study Plan is to request a partial waiver for age 4-11 years old and a deferral for the age 12-17 years old until efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in adult PTSD patients. Similar to the FM NDA, we do not anticipate the need to conduct special populations (geriatric and renal/hepatic impaired), drug-drug interaction and thorough cardiovascular safety assessment studies to support the PTSD NDA filing. Since the PTSD patient population is different from the FM patient population, we plan to discuss with the FDA at the End-of-Phase 2 meeting the need for a risk management program for the use of TNX-102 SL in this patient population.

Drug Delivery Technology

TNX-102 SL

TNX-102 SL is a small tablet that rapidly disintegrates in saliva and transmucosally delivers CBP into the systemic circulation. In addition to CBP, TNX-102 SL contains excipients, which are well-characterized, are listed in the Inactive Ingredient Guide and are approved for pharmaceutical use. TNX-102 SL contains sublingual absorption-enabling ingredients that promote a local oral environment that facilitates oromucosal absorption of CBP. These include agents that favor a mildly basic salivary pH. We own all rights to TNX-102 SL in all geographies, and we bear no obligations to third-parties for any future development or commercialization.

TNX-102 Gelcap

In June 2007, we entered into a Feasibility and Option Agreement with Lipocine, which was amended in October 2010 (the “Feasibility Agreement”). Pursuant to the Feasibility Agreement, we identified and obtained an exclusive worldwide option on technology from Lipocine that employs mixtures of different types of lipids to envelop CBP molecules in the small intestine and facilitate absorption into the bloodstream. We selected a candidate formulation, TNX-102 gelcap, based on properties that included the dispersion of CBP in simulated gastric or small-intestinal fluids and the stability of the formulation over time. Lipocine was also engaged to manufacture gelatin capsules of TNX-102 gelcap for use in a pharmacokinetic trial, of which the clinical phase was completed in the fourth quarter of 2011. Certain planned analyses of this trial are still awaiting the development and validation of assays. We are working to analyze the data and write the Final Report, which is anticipated to be completed in 2013. After completion of the Final Report, we will have 30 days to decide whether to exercise the option to license certain patents owned by Lipocine. If we exercise the option to license these patents, we will be obligated to pay Lipocine low single-digit percentage royalties based on net sales or mid-teen sublicense fees based on the consideration that we receive from a licensee. The maximum amount of milestone payments we could be required to pay to Lipocine pursuant to the Feasibility Agreement is $3,000,000. We currently do not plan to either advance TNX-102 gelcap or exercise the option with Lipocine.

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Market Dynamics

We believe the U.S. market for products that treat CNS conditions has several characteristics that make it an attractive market for pharmaceuticals, including that the customer base is driven by physicians who are involved in long-term care of patients with chronic disorders. Patients with CNS disorders sometimes carry disease burdens that require long-term treatment.

We believe the market for FDA-approved FM treatments is underserved and that there is a constant need for new treatment options, since many prescription drugs provide relief only to some of the affected patients, only to some of some patients’ symptoms, or provide relief only for limited periods of time.

In 2007, Lyrica became the first medicine approved by the FDA for the management of FM. Lyrica previously had been approved and marketed to treat pain in other conditions as well as epilepsy. In 2008, Cymbalta became the second medicine approved by the FDA for the management of FM. Cymbalta previously had been approved and marketed to treat depression. FM shares a number of symptoms with depression, and a number of FM patients are believed to experience depression as a co-existing condition. Savella was the third medicine approved by the FDA for the management of FM. Savella’s active ingredient, milnacipran, is approved for the treatment of depression in Europe.

As many products used for the treatment of FM are approved and marketed for other conditions, sales of these products related specifically to FM can only be estimated. Based on information obtained from publicly available sources, we believe U.S. sales of prescription drugs specifically for the treatment of FM totaled approximately $1.5 billion in 2012, and we believe this segment had grown at a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 14% in 2007-12. Based on information obtained from publicly available sources, we believe 2012 sales of Cymbalta, Lyrica, and Savella were approximately $600 million, $475 million, and $100 million, respectively. Despite the availability of FDA approved products, we believe the current treatment options for FM continue to leave many patients dissatisfied.

Prior to 2007, the landscape of prescription drugs used to treat FM was characterized by off-label use of generically-available therapies. Drugs that had been prescribed as the primary treatments for FM were approved for other indications, with analgesics, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants among the categories receiving the greatest use by the FM population. Despite the significant FM-related sales growth of the three products approved for FM following their approvals for this indication, according to market research performed by Frost and Sullivan on behalf of Tonix, the unit volume of medications prescribed to specifically treat FM had been nearly flat between 2007 and 2010, implying that the sales growth of the approved products was mainly driven by patients switching from off-label, generic medications to on-label, branded medications. In particular, these market dynamics are consistent with the interpretation that Lyrica’s growth in FM was driven by switching from off-label analgesics, and Cymbalta’s and Savella’s growth in FM was driven by switching from off-label anti-depressants. Increasingly, Cymbalta, Savella and Lyrica are recognized as central pain inhibitors and not just treatments for their original indications.

Despite the wide use of muscle relaxants by FM patients, this category lacks a product approved for FM. Demand continues to be satisfied by off-label medicines such as CBP, tizanidine, baclofen, carisoprodol and metaxalone. These muscle relaxants have generic and branded versions. According to Frost and Sullivan, 48 million doses of the Flexeril brand and its associated CBP IR generic products were prescribed off-label for FM in 2010 and accounted for approximately 35% of the daily doses of muscle relaxants prescribed for FM that year. These figures indicate that muscle relaxants in general, and CBP in particular, have been widely adopted in FM despite the lack of an approval for this disorder. As FM patients do not typically experience muscle spasm, we believe that the use of muscle relaxants in FM is off-label from a regulatory perspective and provides therapeutic effects to FM patients that are different from those in treating muscle spasm. Therefore, in FM, CBP acts as a central pain inhibitor and not as a muscle relaxant.

Despite the availability and use of a variety of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, FM remains a significant unmet medical need. Many patients fail to adequately respond to the approved medications, or discontinue therapy due to poor tolerability. Prescription pain and sleep medications are often taken ‘off-label’ for symptomatic relief, despite the lack of evidence that such medications provide a meaningful or durable therapeutic effect. An important goal of FM treatment is to reduce the dependence on opiate analgesic as well as on benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic medications by FM patients. Since CBP has no recognized addictive potential, we believe that TNX-102 SL, if approved, could reduce the exposure of FM patients to medications that have not been shown to be effective in treating FM and are associated with significant safety risks.

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Challenges in the Market for CNS Therapies

Developers of pharmaceutical treatments for syndromes and disorders that affect the CNS face special challenges. In many cases, the causes and exacerbating factors of CNS conditions remain unknown. Frequently, key symptoms are known only by patient reports and cannot be objectively validated or measured. Symptoms like pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep or altered mood are characteristics of more than one condition. Often, physicians may not agree that a particular patient is affected by one or another condition or by more than one co-existing conditions.

CNS conditions are typically defined by committees of expert professionals who set criteria based on the presence of several symptoms or groups of symptoms. Sometimes groups of subjective symptoms are insufficient to describe CNS disorders and further refinement of diagnostic categories can be achieved by patient demographics, such as gender, age or concurrent medical processes, such as menopause or adolescence. Many CNS conditions, including syndromes and disorders, have not yet been characterized by laboratory tests, such as blood tests or x-ray imaging. However, laboratory tests are often important to exclude other conditions, such as inflammatory or infectious processes. Consequently, a CNS condition is sometimes called a diagnosis of exclusion because inflammation and infection should typically be ruled out by laboratory tests before applying the criteria of groups of symptoms to diagnose it.

Once a CNS condition is diagnosed, physicians may select from among treatment options based on a patient’s symptoms and history. Some medications improve or relieve only one or another symptom in a condition. Consequently, physicians may prescribe several different medications concurrently to treat individual symptoms or groups of symptoms. A desirable quality for CNS medications is the ability to relieve more than one symptom of a CNS condition. Another desirable quality for CNS medications is safety, particularly if a medicine is safe enough to be used with other medicines concurrently or at different times of the day.

Opportunity for New Treatments of FM

We believe the market for the treatment of FM is underserved, which we believe fuels a need for new therapeutic options. Due to the market acceptance of approved FM treatments Cymbalta, Lyrica and Savella, we believe there will be significant interest in effective and well-tolerated drug treatment options.

We believe that if TNX-102 SL won FDA approval, it would be an appealing option because it is believed to act by a different mechanism of action from the currently approved products, and we expect TNX-102 SL will be recommended for use at bedtime. Lyrica is recommended for twice or three-times daily dosing. Cymbalta was found effective at once-daily or twice-daily dosing and is generally restricted to daytime use and not recommended for bedtime use. Cymbalta and Savella act on the CNS in ways that are believed to interfere with sleep, while data support the view that CBP, the active ingredient in TNX-102 SL, improves sleep quality.

Competition

Our industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believe that key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price and reimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals of products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than we may be in obtaining FDA approval for drugs and achieving widespread market acceptance. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we may commercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or non-competitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any of our product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies become available. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs non-competitive or obsolete.

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The markets for medicines to treat FM, PTSD and other CNS conditions are well developed and populated with established drugs marketed by large and small pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies. Pfizer (Lyrica), Eli Lilly (Cymbalta) and Forest Laboratories/Cyprus Biosciences (Savella) market FDA approved drugs for FM. Pfizer (Zoloft) and GlaxoSmithKline (Paxil) market FDA approved drugs for PTSD.

As of February 2013, we are aware of several companies developing prescription medications for FM, including Chelsea Therapeutics, Johnson and Johnson, Meda, Merck, Pfizer, RiboCor, Teva, and Theravance. Clinical trials in the U.S. are registered with the FDA and reported on the website www.clinicaltrials.gov.

A number of companies are specifically engaged in developing prescription medications for PTSD, including AstraZeneca, Biotie, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Nanotherapeutics, Johnson and Johnson, Pfizer, and UCB. Medications that may be used for the treatment of PTSD include: anti-depressants, such as nefazodone and trazodone; the antihistamine cyproheptadine; and certain atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine and risperidone. Several of these products are supported by companies such as AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer.

Intellectual Property

We believe that we have an extensive patent portfolio and substantial know-how relating to TNX-102 SL and our other product candidates. Our patent portfolio, described more fully below, includes claims directed to TNX-102 SL compositions and methods of use. As of June 18, 2013, we are either the owner of record of or own the contractual right to five issued or allowed U.S. patents and 26 issued or allowed non-U.S. patents. We are actively pursuing an additional 14 U.S. patent applications, of which nine are provisional and five are non-provisional, one international patent application and nine non-U.S. patent applications.

We strive to protect the proprietary technology that we believe is important to our business, including our proprietary technology platform, our product candidates, and our processes. We seek patent protection in the United States and internationally for our products, their methods of use and processes of manufacture, and any other technology to which we have rights, where available and when appropriate. We also rely on trade secrets that may be important to the development of our business.

Our success will depend on 1) the ability to obtain and maintain patent and other proprietary rights in commercially important technology, inventions and know-how related to our business, 2) the validity and enforceability of our patents, 3) the continued confidentiality of our trade secrets, and 4) our ability to operate without infringing the valid and enforceable patents and proprietary rights of third parties. We also rely on continuing technological innovation and in-licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position.

We cannot be certain that patents will be granted with respect to any of our pending patent applications or with respect to any patent applications we may own or license in the future, nor can we be certain that any of our existing patents or any patents we may own or license in the future will be useful in protecting our technology. For this and more comprehensive risks related to our intellectual property, please see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property.”

The term of individual patents depends upon the legal term of the patents in the countries in which they are obtained. In most countries in which we file, the patent term is 20 years from the date of filing the first non-provisional priority application. In the United States, a patent’s term may be lengthened by patent term adjustment, which compensates a patentee for administrative delays by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or PTO, in granting a patent, or may be shortened if a patent is terminally disclaimed over an earlier-filed patent.

The term of a U.S. patent that covers an FDA-approved drug may also be eligible for patent term extension, which permits patent term restoration as compensation for the patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. The Hatch-Waxman Amendments permit a patent term extension of up to five years beyond the statutory 20 year term of the patent for the approved product. The length of the patent term extension is related to the length of time the drug is under regulatory review. A patent term extension cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the date of product approval and only one patent applicable to an approved drug may be extended. Similar provisions are available in Europe and some other foreign jurisdictions to extend the term of a patent that covers an approved drug. When possible, depending upon the length of clinical trials and other factors involved in the filing of a new drug application, or NDA, we expect to apply for patent term extensions for patents covering our product candidates and their methods of use.

The patent portfolios for our proprietary technology platform and our three most advanced product candidates as of June 18, 2013 are summarized below.

TNX-102 SL

Our VLD bedtime treatment technology was discovered by Dr. Iredell W. Iglehart, MD and was sold to Vela Pharmaceuticals and is termed the “Iglehart Technology”. We acquired the Iglehart Technology from L&L, which acquired it from Vela Pharmaceuticals. The patent portfolio for TNX-102 SL relating to the Iglehart Technology includes patent applications directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing CBP, CBP formulations, and methods for treating FM and other CNS conditions utilizing CBP. The Iglehart Technology portfolio includes issued U.S. patents, such as U.S. Patent Nos. 6,541,523, 6,395,788 and 6,358,944, and corresponding issued foreign counterpart patents or applications. U.S. Patent Nos. 6,541,523, 6,395,788 and 6,358,944 are expected to expire in 2020, unless they are eligible for patent term extensions on the basis of FDA approvals.

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The unique pharmacokinetic profile of TNX-102 was discovered by Tonix and its development partners and is termed the “PK Technology.” The patent portfolio for TNX-102 SL relating to the PK Technology includes patent applications directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing CBP, CBP formulations, and methods for treating FM and other CNS conditions utilizing CBP. The PK Technology patent portfolio includes U.S. patent applications such as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/660,593, 61/667,774, 61/725,402, and 61/792,900. If U.S. and non-U.S. patents claiming priority from those applications issue, those patents would expire in 2033, excluding any patent term adjustments or extensions.

Certain Eutectic Compositions were discovered by development partners and are termed the “Eutectic Technology.” The patent portfolio for TNX-102 SL relating to the Eutectic Technology includes patent applications directed to eutectic compositions containing CBP, eutectic CBP formulations, methods for treating FM and other CNS conditions utilizing eutectic CBP compositions, and methods of manufacturing eutectic CBP compositions. The Eutectic Technology patent portfolio includes U.S. patent applications, such as U.S. Provisional Patent Applicaton No. 61/792,757. If U.S. and non-U.S. patents claiming priority from those applications issue, those patents would expire in 2034, excluding any patent term adjustments or extensions.

TNX-201 - Isometheptene Isomers

The patent portfolio for TNX-201, relating to isometheptene isomers and termed the “Isometheptene Technology” includes patent applications directed to a purified isomer of isometheptene, pharmaceutical compositions containing isometheptene, isometheptene formulations, methods for modulating headache and other CNS conditions and treating CNS conditions utilizing isometheptene isomers, and methods of manufacturing isometheptene isomers. The Isometheptene Technology patent portfolio includes U.S. patent applications such as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/754,281, 61/793,456, and 61/814,664. If U.S. and non-U.S. patents claiming priority from those applications issue, those patents would expire in 2034, excluding any patent term adjustments or extensions.

TNX-301 - Alcoholism Treatment

The patent portfolio for disulfiram and selegiline combinations includes patents and patent applications. It includes claims directed to disulfiram and selegiline, pharmaceutical compositions containing disulfiram and selegiline, disulfiram and selegiline formulations, methods of treating an alcohol use disorder, and methods of modulating alcohol abuse and dependence. It includes issued U.S. Patent No. 8,093,300 and allowed U.S. Patent Application No. 13/340,999. The patent expiring last is expected to expire in 2024, excluding any patent term extensions.

Trade Secrets

In addition to patents, we rely on trade secrets and know-how to develop and maintain our competitive position. For example, significant aspects of our proprietary technology platform are based on unpatented trade secrets and know-how. Trade secrets and know-how can be difficult to protect. We seek to protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, by confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors, contractors, and commercial partners. These agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information and, in the case of the invention assignment agreements, to grant us ownership of technologies that are developed through a relationship with a third party. We also seek to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our data and trade secrets by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these individuals, organizations and systems, agreements or security measures may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our contractors use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to rights in related or resulting inventions and know-how.

Trademarks

We seek trademark protection in the United States and outside of the United States where available and when appropriate. We have applied for a trademark for Tonix Pharmaceuticals in the United States.

Issued Patents

Our current patents owned are as follows:

Very-Low Dose Cyclobenzaprine

Patent No.	Title	Country	Expiration Date
6,541,523	Methods for Treating or Preventing Fibromyalgia Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	U.S.A	Aug. 11, 2020
6,395,788	Methods and Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances and Associated Illnesses Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	U.S.A.	Aug. 11, 2020
6,358,944	Method and Compositions for Treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder	U.S.A.	Aug. 23, 2020
299369	Uses Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	Austria	Aug. 11, 2020
1202722	Uses Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Switzerland, U.K.	Aug. 11, 2020
60021266.1	Uses Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	Germany	Aug. 11, 2020
2245944	Uses Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	Spain	Aug. 11, 2020
1047691	Uses Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	Hong Kong	Aug. 11, 2020
516749	Uses Compositions for Treating or Preventing Sleep Disturbances Using Very Low Doses of Cyclobenzaprine	New Zealand	Aug. 11, 2020

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Alcoholism Treatment

Patent No.	Title	Country	Expiration Date
8,093,300	Compositions and Methods for Increasing Compliance with Therapies Using Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Treating Alcoholism	U.S.A.	May 23, 2024
2002354017	Compositions and Methods for Increasing Compliance with Therapies Using Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Treating Alcoholism	Australia	Nov. 4, 2022
2463987	Compositions and Methods for Increasing Compliance with Therapies Using Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Treating Alcoholism	Canada	Nov. 4, 2022
1441708	Compositions and Methods for Increasing Compliance with Therapies Using Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Treating Alcoholism	Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Switzerland, U.K.	Nov. 4, 2022
532583	Compositions and Methods for Increasing Compliance with Therapies Using Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Treating Alcoholism	New Zealand	Nov. 4, 2022

Allowed Patent Applications

Our current allowed patent applications are as follows:

Alcoholism Treatment

Application No.	Title	Country
13/340,999	Compositions and Methods for Increasing Compliance with Therapies Using Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Treating Alcoholism	U.S.A.

Pending Patent Applications

Our current pending patent applications are as follows:

Sublingual Cyclobenzaprine/Amitriptyline

Application No.	Title	Country
61/660,593	Compositions and Methods for Transmucosal Absorption	U.S.A.
61/667,774	Compositions and Methods for Transmucosal Absorption	U.S.A.
61/725,402	Compositions and Methods for Transmucosal Absorption	U.S.A.
61/792,900	Compositions and Methods for Transmucosal Absorption	U.S.A.

Sublingual Doxepin/Imipramine

Application No.	Title	Country
61/792,819	Compositions and Methods for Transmucosal Absorption	U.S.A.

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PTSD Treatment

Application No.	Title	Country
12/948,828	Methods and Compositions for Treating Symptoms Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Cyclobenzaprine	U.S.A.
10831895.7	Methods and Compositions for Treating Symptoms Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Cyclobenzaprine	European Patent Office
13103530.6	Methods and Compositions for Treating Symptoms Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Cyclobenzaprine	Hong Kong

Sleep Disorder Treatment

Application No.	Title	Country
13/157,270	Methods and Compositions for Treating Fatigue Associated with Disordered Sleep Using Very Low Dose Cyclobenzaprine	U.S.A.

Depression Treatment

Application No.	Title	Country
13/412,571	Methods and Compositions for Treating Depression Using Cyclobenzaprine	U.S.A.
PCT/US12/27926	Methods and Compositions for Treating Depression Using Cyclobenzaprine	PCT

Cyclobenzaprine/Amitriptyline Eutectics

Application No.	Title	Country
61/792,757	Eutectic Formulations of Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride	U.S.A.

Isometheptene Isomer

Application No.	Title	Country
61/754,281	Isometheptene Isomer	U.S.A.
61/793,456	Isometheptene Isomer	U.S.A.
61/814,664	Isometheptene Isomer	U.S.A.

Cocaine Addiction Treatment

Application No.	Title	Country
13/820,338	Treatment for Cocaine Addiction	U.S.A.
2809966	Treatment for Cocaine Addiction	Canada
2011314358	Treatment for Cocaine Addiction	Australia
11832859.0	Treatment for Cocaine Addiction	European Patent Office
No Application Number Yet	Treatment for Cocaine Addiction	Japan
10-2013-7008187	Treatment for Cocaine Addiction	Republic of Korea

Neurocognitive Dysfunction Treatment

Application No.	Title	Country
12/151,200	Method for Treating Neurocognitive Dysfunction	U.S.A.
09743321.2	Method for Treating Neurodegenerative Dysfunction	European Patent Office
2723688	Method for Treating Neurodegenerative Dysfunction	Canada

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Trademark Application

We have one trademark application that is pending as follows:

Number	Name	Jurisdiction
85088881	Tonix Pharmaceuticals	U.S.A.

Research and Development

We have one employee dedicated to research and development. We anticipate that our research and development expenditures will increase several fold as we advance TNX-102 SL into late-stage clinical development and advance other candidates in our pipeline. We need to raise additional capital to fund our development plans and there is no certainty that we will be successful in continuing to attract new investments. Our research and development operations are located in New York, NY. We have used, and expect to continue to use, third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical studies.

Manufacturing

We have contracted with third parties for the manufacture of TNX-102 SL for investigational purposes, including preclinical and clinical testing, as follows:

CMO	Purpose
Lipocine Inc.	TNX-102 gelcap used in our completed pharmacokinetic study on this candidate
KABS Laboratories, Inc. (Quebec, Canada)	TNX-102 intravenous and sublingual solutions
Laboratorio Farmacologico Milanese S.r.l. (Milan, Italy)	TNX-102 SL tablets used in our completed pharmacokinetic studies
Pharmatek Laboratories	TNX-102 SL tablets to be used in our planned Phase 2b FM study and/or PTSD Phase 2 POC study

All of our compounds are small molecules, synthesized using industry standard processes, and our drug products are formulated using commercially available raw materials.

Government Regulation

The FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling, manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing, approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatory approval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirements may result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a product from the market.

The FDA regulates, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under the FDCA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following:

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· completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice regulations;

· submission to the FDA of an IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;

· for some products, performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good Clinical Practices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;

· submission to the FDA of an NDA;

· satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance with cGMP regulations; and

· FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.

The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our product candidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.

Nonclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and other animal studies. The results of nonclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Some nonclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’s brochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions relating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safety concerns or non-compliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conduct the clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks to individuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trial participants and must monitor the study until completed.

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according to approved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitor participant safety. Each protocol for a U.S. study is submitted to the FDA as part of the IND.

Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap, or be combined.

· Phase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the product candidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.

· Phase 2 clinical trials are generally conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targeted indications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks. Phase 2 clinical trials, in particular Phase 2b trials, can be undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites.

· Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes can include several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall risk-benefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequate basis for product labeling.

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Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and safety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinical trials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.

New Drug Applications

Assuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, nonclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicant must develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance with cGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer must develop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct an inspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.

The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. In this event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, the FDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may deny approval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret data differently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose other conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDA may require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and may require surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval if ongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.

Section 505(b)(2) NDAs

There are two types of NDAs: the Section 505(b)(1) NDA, or full NDA, and the Section 505(b)(2) NDA. When possible, we intend to file Section 505(b)(2) NDAs that might, if accepted by the FDA, save time and expense in the development and testing of our product candidates. A full NDA is submitted under Section 505(b)(1) of the FDCA, and must contain full reports of investigations conducted by the applicant to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the drug. A Section 505(b)(2) NDA may be submitted for a drug for which one or more of the investigations relied upon by the applicant was not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has no right of reference from the person by or for whom the investigations were conducted. A Section 505(b)(2) NDA may be submitted based in whole or in part on published literature or on the FDA’s finding of safety and efficacy of one or more previously approved drugs, which are known as reference drugs. Thus, the filing of a Section 505(b)(2) NDA may result in approval of a drug based on fewer clinical or nonclinical studies than would be required under a full NDA. The number and size of studies that need to be conducted by the sponsor depends on the amount and quality of data pertaining to the reference drug that are publicly available, and on the similarity of and differences between the applicant’s drug and the reference drug. In some cases, extensive, time-consuming, and costly clinical and nonclinical studies may still be required for approval of a Section 505(b)(2) NDA.

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Because we are developing new formulations of previously approved chemical entities, such as CBP, our drug approval strategy is to submit Section 505(b)(2) NDAs to the FDA. The FDA may not agree that our product candidates are approvable as Section 505(b)(2) NDAs. If the FDA determines that Section 505(b)(2) NDAs are not appropriate and that full NDAs are required for our product candidates, the time and financial resources required to obtain FDA approval for our product candidates could substantially and materially increase, and our products might be less likely to be approved. If the FDA requires full NDAs for our product candidates, or requires more extensive testing and development for some other reason, our ability to compete with alternative products that arrive on the market more quickly than our product candidates would be adversely impacted. If CBP-containing products are withdrawn from the market by the FDA for any reason, we may not be able to reference such products to support our anticipated TNX-102 SL 505(b)(2) NDA, and we may be required to follow the requirements of Section 505(b)(1).

Based on our intent to file under Section 505(b)(2) with respect to our lead product candidate, we believe it is unlikely the development process for this product candidate will follow the ordinary course of Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies. Our human pharmacokinetic studies of reformulated CBP dosage forms represented the first use of TNX-102 SL and TNX-102 gelcap, or collectively, TNX-102, in humans and could therefore be described as “Phase 1.” However, because these studies compared TNX-102 to existing approved formulations of CBP and specified the comparable ability to deliver effective levels of CBP to the bloodstream of FM patients, these studies provide a reference to the therapeutic effects previously observed in our dose-ranging clinical study of CBP IR capsules in FM patients. For these reasons, rather than always identifying clinical trials by Phase, we find it more illustrative to describe in a narrative form the purpose of the studies and the nature and potential significance of the results. Because our double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study on bedtime CBP was performed in Canada, we did not meet with the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research to discuss our approach and plans until August 2011. In February 2013, we held an End-of-Phase 2/Pre-Phase 3 meeting with the FDA to discuss the clinical and nonclinical requirements to register TNX-102 SL for the management of FM based on the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway.

Patent Protections

An applicant submitting a Section 505(b)(2) NDA must certify to the FDA with respect to the patent status of the reference drug upon which the applicant relies in support of approval of its drug. With respect to every patent listed in the FDA’s Orange Book, which is the FDA’s list of approved drug products, as claiming the reference drug or an approved method of use of the reference drug, the Section 505(b)(2) applicant must certify that: (1) there is no patent information listed by the FDA for the reference drug; (2) the listed patent has expired; (3) the listed patent has not expired, but will expire on a particular date; (4) the listed patent is invalid, unenforceable, or will not be infringed by the manufacture, use, or sale of the product in the Section 505(b)(2) NDA; or (5) if the patent is a use patent, that the applicant does not seek approval for a use claimed by the patent. If the applicant files a certification to the effect of clause (1), (2) or (5), FDA approval of the Section 505(b)(2) NDA may be made effective immediately upon successful FDA review of the application, in the absence of marketing exclusivity delays, which are discussed below. If the applicant files a certification to the effect of clause (3), the Section 505(b)(2) NDA approval may not be made effective until the expiration of the relevant patent and the expiration of any marketing exclusivity delays.

If the Section 505(b)(2) NDA applicant provides a certification to the effect of clause (4), referred to as a paragraph IV certification, the applicant also must send notice of the certification to the patent owner and the holder of the NDA for the reference drug. The filing of a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of the receipt of the notification may prevent the FDA from approving the Section 505(b)(2) NDA for 30 months from the date of the receipt of the notification unless the court determines that a longer or shorter period is appropriate because either party to the action failed to reasonably cooperate in expediting the action. However, the FDA may approve the Section 505(b)(2) NDA before the 30 months have expired if a court decides that the patent is invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed, or if a court enters a settlement order or consent decree stating the patent is invalid or not infringed.

Notwithstanding the approval of many products by the FDA pursuant to Section 505(b)(2), over the last few years certain brand-name pharmaceutical companies and others have objected to the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2). If the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2) is successfully challenged in court, the FDA may be required to change its interpretation of Section 505(b)(2) which could delay or even prevent the FDA from approving any Section 505(b)(2) NDA that we submit. The pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, and it is not uncommon for a manufacturer of an approved product to file a citizen petition with the FDA seeking to delay approval of, or impose additional approval requirements for, pending competing products. If successful, such petitions can significantly delay, or even prevent, the approval of the new product. Moreover, even if the FDA ultimately denies such a petition, the FDA may substantially delay approval while it considers and responds to the petition.

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Marketing Exclusivity

Market exclusivity provisions under the FDCA can delay the submission or the approval of Section 505(b)(2) NDAs, thereby delaying a Section 505(b)(2) product from entering the market. The FDCA provides five-year marketing exclusivity to the first applicant to gain approval of an NDA for a new chemical entity, or NCE, meaning that the FDA has not previously approved any other drug containing the same active moiety. This exclusivity prohibits the submission of a Section 505(b)(2) NDA for any drug product containing the active ingredient during the five-year exclusivity period. However, submission of a Section 505(b)(2) NDA that certifies that a listed patent is invalid, unenforceable, or will not be infringed, as discussed above, is permitted after four years, but if a patent infringement lawsuit is brought within 45 days after such certification, FDA approval of the Section 505(b)(2) NDA may automatically be stayed until 7 1/2 years after the NCE approval date. The FDCA also provides three years of marketing exclusivity for the approval of new and supplemental NDAs for product changes, including, among other things, new indications, dosage forms, routes of administration or strengths of an existing drug, or for a new use, if new clinical investigations, other than bioavailability studies, that were conducted or sponsored by the applicant are deemed by FDA to be essential to the approval of the application. Five-year and three-year exclusivity will not delay the submission or approval of another full NDA; however, as discussed above, an applicant submitting a full NDA under Section 505(b)(1) would be required to conduct or obtain a right of reference to all of the preclinical and adequate and well-controlled clinical trials necessary to demonstrate safety and effectiveness.

Other types of exclusivity in the United States include orphan drug exclusivity and pediatric exclusivity. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or more than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making available in the United States a drug for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales in the United States for that drug. Seven-year orphan drug exclusivity is available to a product that has orphan drug designation and that receives the first FDA approval for the indication for which the drug has such designation. Orphan drug exclusivity prevents approval of another application for the same drug for the same orphan indication, for a period of seven years, regardless of whether the application is a full NDA or a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority to the product with orphan exclusivity. Pediatric exclusivity, if granted, provides an additional six months to an existing exclusivity or statutory delay in approval resulting from a patent certification. This six-month exclusivity, which runs from the end of other exclusivity protection or patent delay, may be granted based on the voluntary completion of a pediatric study in accordance with an FDA-issued “Written Request” for such a study.

Section 505(b)(2) NDAs are similar to full NDAs filed under Section 505(b)(1) in that they are entitled to any of these forms of exclusivity if they meet the qualifying criteria. They also are entitled to the patent protections described above, based on patents that are listed in the FDA’s Orange Book in the same manner as patents claiming drugs and uses approved for NDAs submitted as full NDAs.

Other Regulatory Requirements

Maintaining substantial compliance with appropriate federal, state and local statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Drug manufacturers are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and after approval, the FDA and these state agencies conduct periodic unannounced inspections to ensure continued compliance with ongoing regulatory requirements, including cGMPs. In addition, after approval, some types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes and additional labeling claims, are subject to further FDA review and approval. The FDA may require post-approval testing and surveillance programs to monitor safety and the effectiveness of approved products that have been commercialized. Any drug products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including:

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· record-keeping requirements;

· reporting of adverse experiences with the drug;

· providing the FDA with updated safety and efficacy information;

· reporting on advertisements and promotional labeling;

· drug sampling and distribution requirements; and

· complying with electronic record and signature requirements.

In addition, the FDA strictly regulates labeling, advertising, promotion and other types of information on products that are placed on the market. There are numerous regulations and policies that govern various means for disseminating information to health-care professionals as well as consumers, including to industry sponsored scientific and educational activities, information provided to the media and information provided over the Internet. Drugs may be promoted only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label.

The FDA has very broad enforcement authority and the failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in administrative or judicial sanctions being imposed on us or on the manufacturers and distributors of our approved products, including warning letters, refusals of government contracts, clinical holds, civil penalties, injunctions, restitution and disgorgement of profits, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, withdrawal of approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, and criminal prosecution resulting in fines and incarceration. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability. In addition, even after regulatory approval is obtained, later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on the product or even complete withdrawal of the product from the market.

Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007

In September 2007, the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, or FDAAA, became law. This legislation grants significant new powers to the FDA, many of which are aimed at improving drug safety and assuring the safety of drug products after approval. In particular, the new law authorizes the FDA to, among other things, require post-approval studies and clinical trials, mandate changes to drug labeling to reflect new safety information, and require risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for certain drugs, including certain currently approved drugs. In addition, the new law significantly expands the federal government’s clinical trial registry and results databank and creates new restrictions on the advertising and promotion of drug products. Under the FDAAA, companies that violate these and other provisions of the new law are subject to substantial civil monetary penalties.

The FDA has not yet implemented many of the provisions of the FDAAA, so we cannot predict the impact of the new legislation on the pharmaceutical industry or our business. However, the requirements and changes imposed by the FDAAA may make it more difficult, and more costly, to obtain and maintain approval for new pharmaceutical products, or to produce, market and distribute existing products. In addition, the FDA’s regulations, policies and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency or the courts in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, or what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.

Employees

As of June 18, 2013, we had two full-time employees, Leland Gershell, our Chief Financial Officer, and Bruce Daugherty, our Senior Director of Drug Development and Controller, as well as one part-time senior director of research.

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In addition, we rely on consultants instead of employees for critical activities, including Seth Lederman who serves as our Chief Executive Officer and as President of Tonix Sub pursuant to a consulting agreement with Lederman & Co. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we believe that our relations with our employees are good.

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES

We maintain our principal office at 509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306, New York, New York 10022.  Our telephone number at that office is (212) 980-9155 and our fax number is (212) 923-5700. Our current office space consists of approximately 2,355 square feet. The lease expires in September 2015. The base rent is as follows:

Lease Period	Amount Per Annum
October 1, 2010 – September 30, 2011	$	120,105.00
October 1, 2011 – September 30, 2012	$	123.496.20
October 1, 2012 – September 30, 2013	$	126,989.14
October 1, 2013 – September 30, 2014	$	130,586.86
October 1, 2014 – September 30, 2015	$	134,292.52

We believe that our existing facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current business requirements. We maintain websites at www.tonixpharma.com and www.krele.com and the information contained on those websites is not deemed to be a part of this prospectus.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

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MANAGEMENT

The names of our executive officers and directors and their age, title, and biography as of June 18, 2013 are set forth below:

Name	Age	Title
Seth Lederman	55	President, CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Leland Gershell	41	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Bruce Daugherty	56	Senior Director of Drug Development, Controller and Secretary
Stuart Davidson	56	Director
Patrick Grace	57	Director
Donald W. Landry	59	Director
Ernest Mario	75	Director
Charles E. Mather IV	53	Director
John Rhodes	56	Director
Samuel Saks	58	Director

Directors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the shareholders of the Company and until their successors are elected. Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

Seth Lederman, MD became our President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and a Director in October 2011. Dr. Lederman founded Tonix Sub in June of 2007 and has acted as its Chairman of the Board of Directors since inception and as President since June 2010. Dr. Lederman has been the Chairman of Krele since its inception in August 2010. Dr. Lederman has also been the President and a director of Tonix Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. since its inception in April 2013. Since 1996, Dr. Lederman has been an Associate Professor at Columbia University. As an Assistant Professor at Columbia, Dr. Lederman discovered and characterized the CD40-ligand and invented therapeutic candidates to treat autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Dr. Lederman has been a Manager of L&L since 1996. In addition, Dr. Lederman has been the Managing Member of Seth Lederman Co, LLC since January 2007 and the Managing Member of Lederman & Co since 2002, both of which are biopharmaceutical consulting and investing companies. Dr. Lederman has also been the Managing Member of Targent since 2000, and Managing Member of Plumbline since 2002. Targent was a founder of Targent Pharmaceuticals Inc. on which Board of Directors Dr. Lederman served from inception in 2001 until the sale of its assets to Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Inc. in 2006. Between January 2007 and November 2008, Dr. Lederman was a Managing Partner of Konanda Pharma Partners, LLC, a Director of Konanda Pharma Fund I, LP, and a Managing Partner of Konanda General Partner, LLC, which were related private growth equity fund entities. As well, between January 2007 and November 2008, Dr. Lederman was Chairman of Validus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Fontus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which were portfolio companies of the Konanda private growth equity fund. Since December 2011, Dr. Lederman has served as CEO and Chairman of Leder Laboratories Inc. and Starling Pharmaceuticals Inc, which are biopharmaceutical development companies. Since March 2013, Dr. Lederman has been the chairman of Leder Laboratories, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leder Laboratories Inc. Between 2006 and 2011, Dr. Lederman was a director of Research Corporation, a New York-based non-profit organization. Dr. Lederman received his BA degree in Chemistry from Princeton University in 1979 and his MD from Columbia University in 1983. Dr. Lederman has been a New York State licensed physician since 1985. Dr. Lederman’s significant experience with our patent portfolio and his experience as an entrepreneur, seed capital investor, fund manager, and director of start-up biopharmaceutical companies were instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.

Leland Gershell, MD PhD became our Chief Financial Officer in April 2012 and our Treasurer in November 2012. From May 2011 to December 2011, Dr. Gershell was Managing Director and Senior Analyst at Madison Williams and Company, where he was responsible for equity research coverage of specialty pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. From April 2010 to October 2010, Dr. Gershell was Senior Analyst at Favus Institutional Research, where he was responsible for issuing research reports on a variety of healthcare companies to institutional investors. From October 2008 to October 2009, Dr. Gershell was Senior Analyst at Apothecary Capital, a healthcare investment firm. From November 2004 to September 2008, Dr. Gershell was an equity research analyst at Cowen and Company, most recently as Vice President, where he was responsible for the equity research coverage of small and middle capitalization biotechnology companies. Dr. Gershell earned his M.D. and Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Columbia University and his B.A. magna cum laude in Chemistry and Asian Studies from Dartmouth College. Dr. Gershell is an inventor on Columbia’s patents for SAHA/vorinostat, which is marketed by Merck as Zolinza^® and is the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to receive FDA approval.

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Bruce Daugherty, PhD became our Senior Director of Drug Development and Controller in April 2012 and our Secretary in November 2012. Dr. Daugherty has also been the Secretary and a director of Tonix Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. since its inception in April 2013. Since January 2009, Dr. Daugherty has worked as a consultant to academia and biotechnology companies in drug discovery/development and licensing through his consulting company, LeClair Pharma Consulting, LLC. Dr. Daugherty was a consultant to our company between November 2011 and March 2012. In 2009, Dr. Daugherty was employed at Assumption College in Mendham, New Jersey, where he was a lecturer in Biology for freshman students. From 1987 to 2008, Dr. Daugherty was employed at Merck & Co., where he was a scientist in drug discovery and development. Dr. Daugherty earned his MBA from Emory University’s Goizueta Business School, his PhD in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology from UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, his MS in Zoology from Rutgers University and his BA in Biology from Washington University in St. Louis.

Stuart Davidson became a Director in October 2011. Between July 2010 and October 2011, Mr. Davidson served as a director of Tonix Sub. Since 2011, Mr. Davidson has been a Managing Director of Sonen Capital. Since 1994, Mr. Davidson has been a Managing Partner of Labrador Ventures. Prior to Labrador, Mr. Davidson founded and served as CEO of Combion, Inc., which was acquired by Incyte. He also served as President of Alkermes, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on drug delivery. Mr. Davidson received his Bachelor’s Degree from Harvard College in 1978 and his MBA from Harvard Business School in 1984. Mr. Davidson’s prior experience as a venture capital investor, entrepreneur, and biotechnology industry executive experience leading pharmaceutical companies was instrumental in his selection as a member of our board of directors.

Patrick Grace became a Director in October 2011. Between June 2007 and October 2011, Mr. Grace served as a director of Tonix Sub. Mr. Grace was the co-founder of and has served as the Managing Partner of Apollo Philanthropy Partners, L.L.C. since October 2008. He has also been President of MLP Capital, Inc., New York, New York, an investment holding company, since 1996. Mr. Grace served in various senior management roles with W. R. Grace & Co. from 1977-1995, and was last President and CEO of Grace Logistics Services, Inc. From January 2002 to August 2002, Mr. Grace was also President and Chief Executive Officer of Kingdom Group, LLC (“Kingdom”), New York, New York (a provider of turnkey compressed natural gas fueling systems), and he was Executive Vice President of Kingdom from August 1999 to December 2000. Since 1996, he has been a director of Chemed Corporation. Mr. Grace was a liberal arts major at the University of Notre Dame and earned a MBA in finance from Columbia University. Mr. Grace’s extensive executive experience, along with his membership on the board of directors of a public company was instrumental in his selection as a member of our board of directors.

Donald W. Landry, MD, PhD became a Director in October 2011. Between June 2007 and October 2011, Dr. Landry served as a director of Tonix Sub. Dr. Landry has been a member of the faculty of Columbia University since 1986, and has served as the Samuel Bard Professor of Medicine, Chair of the Department of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University since 2008. Dr. Landry was a co-founder and has been a member of L&L since 1996. Dr. Landry received his BS degree in Chemistry from Lafayette College in 1975, his PhD in Organic Chemistry from Harvard University in 1979 and his M.D. from Columbia University in 1983. Dr. Landry has been a New York State licensed physician since 1985. In 2008, Dr. Landry was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal, the second-highest award that the President can confer upon a civilian. Dr. Landry’s significant medical and scientific background was instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.

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Ernest Mario, PhD became a Director in October 2011. Between September 2010 and October 2011, Dr. Mario served as a director of Tonix Sub. Dr. Mario is a former Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive of Glaxo Holdings plc and a former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of ALZA Corporation. Since August 2007, Dr. Mario has served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Capnia, Inc., a privately held specialty pharmaceutical company in Palo Alto, CA.  From 2003 to 2007, he was Chairman and Chief Executive of Reliant Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Dr. Mario is currently a Director of Boston Scientific Corp. (since 2001), Celgene Corp. (since 2007), Chimerix, Inc. (since February 2013), Maxygen Inc. (since 2001), VIVUS Inc. (since 2012) and XenoPort Inc. (since 2012). Dr. Mario is also Chairman of Chimerix. He is Chairman of the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education and serves as an advisor to The Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University. In 2007, Dr. Mario was awarded the Remington Medal by the American Pharmacists’ Association, pharmacy’s highest honor. Dr. Mario received a PhD and an MS in physical sciences from the University of Rhode Island and a BS in pharmacy from Rutgers University. Dr. Mario brings to his service as a director his significant executive leadership experience, including his experience leading several pharmaceutical companies, as well as his membership on public company boards and foundations. He also has extensive experience in financial and operations management, risk oversight, and quality and business strategy.

Charles E. Mather IV became a Director in October 2011. Between April and October 2011, Mr. Mather served as a director of Tonix Sub. Mr. Mather has been the Head of Private and Alternative Capital and Co-Head of ECM at Janney Montgomery Scott since December 2009. Between October 2008 and December 2009, Mr. Mather served as an independent consultant to various securities firms. Between May 2007 and September 2008, Mr. Mather was the head of the Structured Equity Group at Jefferies Group Inc. Prior to that, Mr. Mather held various senior investment banking positions at Cowen and Company, including as Co-Head of the Private Equity Group. Mr. Mather received a BA in History from Brown University and an MBA in Finance from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Mather’s extensive experience as an investment banker was instrumental in his selection as a member of our board of directors.

John Rhodes became a Director in October 2011. Mr. Rhodes has served as director of the Center for Market Innovation at Natural Resources Defense Council since January 2012. Between October 2010 and October 2011, Mr. Rhodes served as a director of Tonix Sub. Mr. Rhodes has been a director of Dewey Electronics Company, a manufacturer of electronic and electromechanical systems for the military and commercial markets, since 2005. Between April 2007 and June 2010, Mr. Rhodes was a Senior Advisor to Good Energies, Inc., a renewable energy company. Mr. Rhodes is a former Vice President of Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. Mr. Rhodes is a graduate of Princeton University and the Yale School of Management. Mr. Rhodes’ extensive business and consulting experience, along with his membership on the board of directors of a public company was instrumental in his selection as a member of our board of directors.

Samuel Saks, MD became a Director in May 2012. Between 2003 and April 2009, Dr. Saks was the chief executive officer and a director of Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company, which he co-founded in 2003. From April 2011 until February 2012, Dr. Saks served as interim Chief Medical Officer of Threshold Pharmaceuticals, a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company. From 2001 until 2003, Dr. Saks was company group chairman of ALZA Corporation and a member of the Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals Operating Committee. From 1992 until 2001, Dr. Saks held various positions at ALZA, including Chief Medical Officer and Group Vice President, where he was responsible for clinical, regulatory and commercial activities. Previously, Dr. Saks held clinical research and development management positions with Schering-Plough, Xoma and Genentech. Dr. Saks formerly served as a scientific advisor to ArQule Pharmaceuticals, CMEA Ventures and ProQuest Investments. Dr. Saks is currently a Director of Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (since 2009), Depomed (since 2012), Bullet Biotechnology, Inc. (since 2012) and Velocity Pharmaceutical Development LLC (since 2011).  From September 2005 until October 2010, Dr. Saks served on the board of directors of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company. Between September 2007 and July 2009, Dr. Saks served on the board of directors of Cougar Biotechnology, a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company. Dr. Saks has also served on the board of directors of Corixa, Coulter and Ribozyme. Dr. Saks is board certified in oncology and received a B.S. and an M.D. from the University of Illinois. Mr. Saks’ extensive scientific and medical expertise and experience in formulating partnering and business development strategies, including those involving larger pharmaceutical companies, was instrumental in his selection as a member of our board of directors.

Scientific and Medical Advisory Network

We have an established advisory team and network of well-recognized scientists, clinicians and opinion leaders in the fields of FM and PTSD. Depending on their expertise, these advisors provide assistance in trial design, conduct clinical trials, keep us apprised of the latest scientific advances and help us identify and evaluate business development opportunities. A number of the members of this network form our Scientific Advisory Board. We consult with members of our Scientific Advisory Board on an as-needed basis to identify pipeline opportunities, review investigational data, and inform the design of preclinical and clinical studies. The members of our Scientific Advisory Board are:

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Daniel Goodman, MD

Dr. Goodman is a psychiatrist and scientist entrepreneur. Dr. Goodman was co-founder and CEO of PsychoGenics, a leading preclinical neuropharmacology company that combines in vivo behavioral expertise with robotics, computer vision, and bio/cheminformatics to evaluate drug candidates for utility across the spectrum of neuropsychiatric disease indications. Using its unique technology platform, PsychoGenics identifies new therapeutic potentials for novel, discontinued, and early stage compounds. Dr. Goodman was also co-founder and President of Resolvyx Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the discovery, development, and commercialization of resolvins, a novel class of therapies to treat inflammatory diseases. Dr. Goodman’s ongoing research interests span a broad spectrum, from the design and development of novel small molecule compounds for neuropsychiatric and inflammatory diseases to the repurposing of existing drugs for new neuropsychiatric indications. In addition to his scientific interests, Dr. Goodman is a practicing physician with a private psychiatry and psychopharmacology practice in New York and Greenwich, CT, where he treats patients with cognitive, mood, and anxiety disorders. Dr. Goodman also maintains an academic appointment at Cornell University Medical College. He is a graduate of Yale College, Cambridge University, which he attended as a Churchill Fellow, Harvard Medical School, and Columbia Business School.

Herbert Harris, MD, PhD

Since August 2012, Dr. Harris has served as Medical Director at Rho, Inc., a Chapel Hill, North Carolina based clinical contract research organization. Prior to Rho, Dr. Harris served as Medical Director of Welcare Counseling Services in North Carolina and as a consultant to pharmaceutical companies and venture capital firms. Dr. Harris served as Chief Medical Officer (CMO) at Tonix Sub from July 2009 until joining Welcare in September 2010. Prior to Tonix Sub, Dr. Harris served as CMO of Validus Pharmaceuticals where he was responsible for drug safety, clinical research and development, regulatory affairs, medical affairs, and compliance for several marketed products. Dr. Harris has more than a decade of experience in drug development at Jazz Pharmaceuticals, GSK, Vela Pharmaceuticals, Cephalon and Merck. Dr. Harris served as CMO of Vela. His experience includes several international phase 3 programs in schizophrenia, depression, and fibromyalgia as well as phase 1, phase 2, and preclinical research in various CNS-related therapeutic areas. Prior to joining the industry, Dr. Harris served as Chief of the Geriatric Psychopharmacology Program at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). While at NIMH, he contributed to several major public health initiatives in mental health research including the Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health, DSM-IV-TR, and the STAR*D study of treatment-resistant depression. He also served as scientific liaison to the Neuropharmacology Division of the FDA. Dr. Harris received his MD and PhD from the University of Pittsburgh, and his psychiatric training at Yale University. After completing his clinical training, he served as Senior Staff Fellow at the National Institute on Aging, where his research focused on the molecular biology of Alzheimer’s disease.

Iredell W. Iglehart, III, MD

Dr. Iglehart is an internist and rheumatologist in solo private practice in Baltimore, MD and Assistant Professor, part-time in rheumatology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Iglehart is the inventor of our patented technology using VLD CBP at bedtime to treat FM. Dr. Iglehart is former President of the Johns Hopkins Alumni Association and in that capacity served on the Johns Hopkins University Board of Trustees under Chairman Michael Bloomberg for four years. In private practice for over 22 years, he spends more time with fewer patients, and still makes neighborhood house-calls. Dr. Iglehart’s discovery of VLD CBP’s effects was motivated by his appreciation of the importance of sleep quality in both his general medical and rheumatologic patients. Dr. Iglehart graduated Princeton University cum laude in 1979 and earned his M.D. at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1983. He completed his residency in internal medicine and fellowship in rheumatology at Johns Hopkins.

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Harvey Moldofsky, M.D., Dip. Psych., F.R.C.P.(C)

Dr. Moldofsky is the Director of Research of the Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology Inc. and President of the Toronto Psychiatric Research Foundation.  He is the past President and Medical Director of the Sleep Disorders Clinics of the Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, an honorary member of the University Health Network Department of Psychiatry and consults for several Toronto hospitals and government agencies.  Dr. Moldofsky has devoted his career to studying sleep physiology and biologic rhythms.  He is renowned for work in FM and particularly the relationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and non-restorative sleep.  In 2001, Dr. Moldofsky was principal investigator of a study that tested the effect of bedtime administration of VLD CBP on symptoms in FM patients, which is the proof-of-principle study for TNX-102 SL.  Dr. Moldofsky was formerly Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine and is currently Professor Emeritus of the Dept. of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Member Emeritus, Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies at the University of Toronto.  From 1993-2000 he served as founding Director of the University of Toronto’s Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, and from 1998-2003 he was a medical assessor for the Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal of Ontario.  Dr. Moldofsky has been the recipient of many local, national and international awards, including the regional award of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada for his contributions as a medical educator. In 1989, The Dr. Harvey Moldofsky Scholarship for Psychiatric/Neuroscience Research was formed in his honor.  It is awarded annually to medical students at the University of Toronto. Dr. Moldofsky earned his MD from the University of Toronto in 1959 and was engaged in postgraduate training in Vancouver, Toronto, London and San Francisco.  He is a Distinguished Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.

Gregory M. Sullivan, MD

Dr. Sullivan is a physician and scientist specializing in somatic treatments of psychiatric disorders. He is an Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry at Columbia University (CU). Dr. Sullivan’s research focuses on the neurobiology and treatment of affective and anxiety disorders, and includes work elucidating dysfunctional neurocircuitry in PTSD. Much of his work employs fully quantitative neuroreceptor mapping using positron emission tomography brain imaging technology as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging. His work during an NIMH Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award has led to several important findings on the role of the serotonin-1A receptor in both mood and anxiety disorders. Dr. Sullivan is also a Research Scientist of the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), and he serves as a member of the IRB of NYSPI and the CU Department of Psychiatry. Dr. Sullivan graduated from the University of California, Berkeley where he majored in biological sciences. He received his MD from CU’s College of Physicians & Surgeons, and he also attended CU for residency training in psychiatry. After residency, he continued at CU in an NIMH-sponsored Research Training Fellowship in Affective and Anxiety Disorders. As part of fellowship training, he spent substantial time in the laboratory of Dr. Joseph LeDoux at New York University, developing translational animal models of anxiety disorders for preclinical testing of novel anxiolytic therapies.

Significant Consultants

In addition to our Scientific Advisory Board, from time to time we engage consultants to provide additional, specialized advice and guidance. Two of these significant consultants are:

Daniel Clauw, MD

Dr. Clauw is serving as the Principal Investigator of Tonix’s Phase 2b pivotal clinical trial of TNX-102 in FM. Dr. Clauw is a world renowned expert on FM, having authored over 200 scientific papers as well as a number of book chapters. Dr. Clauw is a Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine (in the Division of Rheumatology) at the University of Michigan. He serves as Director of the Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center. Until 2009, he also served as the Director of the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research and Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Research within the University of Michigan Medical School.

Since moving to the University of Michigan in 2001, Dr. Clauw has continued his commitment to the clinical care and research into FM and overlapping conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, interstitial cystitis and Gulf War illnesses. He leads a multidisciplinary team of collaborators who are studying the mechanisms and most effective treatments of these illnesses.

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Dr. Clauw served as Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of Cypress Bioscience Inc. from 2001 to 2009. Cypress developed milnacipran for FM and it is marketed by Forest Laboratories as Savella. Since 2006, he has served on the Pain/Fibromyalgia Scientific Advisory Boards of Pfizer, Lilly, Wyeth, Forest Pharmaceuticals, and UCB. Dr. Clauw joined the faculty at Georgetown University in 1990, and while there, served as the Scientific Director of the Georgetown Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, the Division Chief of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, and a Vice Chair of the Department of Medicine. Dr. Clauw attended the University of Michigan for both undergraduate and medical school studies, before completing his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology Fellowship at Georgetown University.

R. Michael Gendreau, MD, PhD

Dr. Gendreau is Managing Director of Gendreau Consulting, LLC and provides consultation to Tonix on clinical trial design and conduct as well as the selection of clinical trial sites and investigators. Before Gendreau Consulting, Dr. Gendreau served as Chief Medical Officer of Cypress Bioscience Inc. from 1995 to 2011. In that capacity, Dr. Gendreau led the development of milnacipran for FM, starting with IND development, design and implementation of the Phase 2 proof of concept trial, design of the Phase 3 program, co-managing multiple Phase 3 trials and NDA preparation along with commercial partner Forest Laboratories. Savella received first round regulatory approval for FM in 2009. In that program, Dr. Gendreau pioneered the use of electronic diaries to characterize FM pain in the home setting, defined the regulatory course for FM approval, and won approval for a special protocol assessment for the milnacipran Phase 3 program. Prior to Cypress, Dr. Gendreau served as Chief Medical Officer of Microprobe Corporation (1991-94) and as executive Vice President for Research and Development at Source Scientific Systems (1988-91) until it acquired Microprobe. Dr. Gendreau served in a variety of positions at Battelle Memorial Institute of Columbus, OH (1977-88).

Dr. Gendreau serves as an officer of Cerephex Corporation, a private neurostimulation technology company. Dr. Gendreau received his MD and PhD degrees from Ohio State University and his undergraduate BS degree from Ohio University.

Family Relationships

None.

Board Independence

We have applied to list our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market. Under the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors. In addition, the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market require that all the members of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Under the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

In order to be considered to be independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

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Our board of directors undertook a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our board of directors has determined that (i) Seth Lederman, has a relationship which, in the opinion of the board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and is not an “independent director” as defined in the Marketplace Rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market and (ii) Stuart Davidson, Patrick Grace, Donald Landry, Ernest Mario, Charles Mather, John Rhodes and Samuel Saks are each an independent director as defined in the Marketplace Rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market.

Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, our board of directors held five meetings and approved certain actions by unanimous written consent. We expect our directors to attend all board and committee meetings and to spend the time needed and meet as frequently as necessary to properly discharge their responsibilities.

Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee consists of Patrick Grace, Charles Mather and John Rhodes, with Mr. Grace elected as Chairman of the Committee. Our Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs. Grace, Mather and Rhodes are “independent” as that term is defined under applicable SEC rules and under the current listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market. Mr. Grace is our audit committee financial expert.

Our Audit Committee’s responsibilities include: (i) reviewing the independence, qualifications, services, fees, and performance of the independent auditors, (ii) appointing, replacing and discharging the independent auditor, (iii) pre-approving the professional services provided by the independent auditor, (iv) reviewing the scope of the annual audit and reports and recommendations submitted by the independent auditor, and (v) reviewing our financial reporting and accounting policies, including any significant changes, with management and the independent auditor. The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012. 

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee consists of Stuart Davidson, Ernest Mario and Samuel Saks, with Mr. Davidson elected as Chairman of the Committee. Our Board of Directors has determined that all of the members are “independent” under the current listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market. Our Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee.

Our Compensation Committee has responsibility for assisting the Board of Directors in, among other things, evaluating and making recommendations regarding the compensation of our executive officers and directors, assuring that the executive officers are compensated effectively in a manner consistent with our stated compensation strategy, producing an annual report on executive compensation in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, periodically evaluating the terms and administration of our incentive plans and benefit programs and monitoring of compliance with the legal prohibition on loans to our directors and executive officers.

Governance and Nominating Committee

Our Governance and Nominating Committee consists of Donald Landry, Charles Mather and John Rhodes, with Mr. Rhodes elected as Chairman of the Committee. The Board of Directors has determined that all of the members are “independent” under the current listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market.

Our Governance and Nominating Committee has responsibility for assisting the Board in, among other things, effecting the organization, membership and function of the Board and its committees. The Governance and Nominating Committee shall identify and evaluate the qualifications of all candidates for nomination for election as directors. In addition, the Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for developing, recommending and evaluating corporate governance standards and a code of business conduct and ethics.

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Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

Our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:

1. any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;

2. any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);

3. being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with any person practicing in banking or securities activities;

4. being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;

5. being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or

6. being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any registered entity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table provides certain summary information concerning compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our Chief Executive Officer, the two highest paid executive officers and up to two other highest paid individuals whose total annual salary and bonus exceeded $100,000 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011.

Name & Principal Position	Year		Salary ($)		Bonus ($)		Stock Awards ($)		Option Awards ($)		Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)		Change in Pension Value and Non- Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)		All Other Compensation ($)			Total ($)
Seth Lederman (1)		2012		-		-		-		822,715		-		-		279,750	(2)		1,102,465
Chief Executive Officer		2011		-		-		-		-		-		-		300,750	(2)		300,750
Leland Gershell (3)		2012		138,542		-		-		587,654		-		-		-			726,196
Chief Financial Officer
Bruce Daugherty (4)		2012		110,833		-		-		470,123		-		-		-			580,956
Senior Director of Drug Development
Benjamin Selzer (5)		2012		192,708		-		-		-		-		-		-			192,708
Chief Operating Officer
David J. Moss (6)		2011		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-
Chief Executive Officer
Rhonda Rosen (7)				160,104															160,104
Chief Financial Officer		2011		140,463		-		-		-		-		-		-			140,463
Susan Oliver (8)		2011		113,249		-		-		-		-		-		-			113,249
Secretary

(1) Dr. Lederman became our President and Chief Executive Officer on October 7, 2011. His compensation reflects payments made to him either through Tonix or Tonix Sub.

(2) Represents $40,000 and $96,000 of consulting fees paid to L&L, $239,750 and $198,750 of consulting fees paid to Lederman & Co and $0 and $6,000 of director fees paid for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

(3) Dr. Gershell became our Chief Financial Officer on April 1, 2012 and our Treasurer in November 2012.

(4) Dr. Daugherty became our Senior Director of Drug Development and Controller on April 1, 2012 and our Secretary in November 2012

(5) Mr. Selzer became our Chief Operating Officer in October 2011 and our interim Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer in February 2012. Mr. Selzer resigned as our interim Chief Financial Officer on April 1, 2012. Mr. Selzer was terminated effective October 26, 2012.

(6) Mr. Moss become our Chief Executive Officer on November 22, 2010 and resigned effective October 7, 2011.

(7) Ms. Rosen become our Chief Financial Officer on October 7, 2011. Her compensation reflects payments made to her either through Tonix or Tonix Sub. Ms. Rosen was terminated effective February 16, 2012.

(8) Ms. Oliver was terminated effective October 20, 2011.

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Option/SAR Grants in Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012

Name	Grant Date	All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options (#)		Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards ($/Share)		Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($)
Seth Lederman	5/9/2012		35,000	$	30.00	$	822,715
Leland Gershell	5/9/2012		25,000	$	30.00	$	587,654
Bruce Daugherty	5/9/2012		20,000	$	30.00	$	470,123

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table

The following table sets forth information for the named executive officers regarding the number of shares subject to both exercisable and unexercisable stock options, as well as the exercise prices and expiration dates thereof, as of December 31, 2012.

Name	Number of Securities underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable		Number of Securities underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable		Option Exercise Price ($/Sh)		Option Expiration Date
Seth Lederman		-		35,000	$	30.00	5/9/2022
Leland Gershell		-		25,000	$	30.00	5/9/2022
Bruce Daugherty		-		20,000	$	30.00	5/9/2022

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options (a)		Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options (b)		Securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		150,000	$	30.00		50,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		-		-		-
Total		150,000	$	30.00		50,000

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Employment Contracts and Termination of Employment and Change-In-Control Arrangements

Employment Agreement with Leland Gershell

Effective April 1, 2012, we entered into an employment agreement (the “Gershell Agreement”) with Dr. Gershell to serve as Chief Financial Officer. The base salary under the Gershell Agreement is $175,000 per annum, which shall increase to $325,000 per annum upon our consummation of an equity sale of securities in excess of $20 million (the “Gershell Threshold”). The Gershell Agreement provides for at-will employment and can be terminated at any time by either party, provided, however, that if we terminate Dr. Gershell for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Gershell Agreement), then Dr. Gershell shall be entitled to six weeks of severance, which severance payment shall increase to six months if such termination occurs after the Gershell Threshold. In addition, Dr. Gershell is entitled to participate in any and all benefit plans, from time to time, in effect for our employees, along with vacation, sick and holiday pay in accordance with its policies established and in effect from time to time.

Employment Agreement with Bruce Daugherty

Effective April 1, 2012, we entered into an employment agreement (the “Daugherty Agreement”) with Dr. Daugherty to serve as Senior Director of Drug Development. The base salary under the Daugherty Agreement is $140,000 per annum, which shall increase to $220,000 per annum upon our consummation of an equity sale of securities in excess of $20 million (the “Daugherty Threshold”). The Daugherty Agreement provides for at-will employment and can be terminated at any time by either party, provided, however, that if we terminate Dr. Daugherty for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Daugherty Agreement), then Dr. Daugherty shall be entitled to six weeks of severance, which severance payment shall increase to six months if such termination occurs after the Daugherty Threshold. In addition, Dr. Daugherty is entitled to participate in any and all benefit plans, from time to time, in effect for our employees, along with vacation, sick and holiday pay in accordance with its policies established and in effect from time to time.

Director Compensation

The following table sets forth summary information concerning the total compensation paid to our non-employee directors in 2012 for services to our company.

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Option Awards ($)		Total ($)
Stuart Davidson		-		235,062		235,062
Patrick Grace		-		235,062		235,062
Donald Landry		-		235,062		235,062
Ernest Mario		-		235,062		235,062
Charles Mather IV		-		235,062		235,062
John Rhodes		-		235,062		235,062
Samuel Saks		-		235,062		235,062
Total:		-		1,645,434		1,645,434

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Other than as disclosed below, during the last two fiscal years, there have been no transactions, or proposed transactions, which have materially affected or will materially affect us in which any director, executive officer or beneficial holder of more than 5% of the outstanding common, or any of their respective relatives, spouses, associates or affiliates, has had or will have any direct or material indirect interest. We have no policy regarding entering into transactions with affiliated parties.

On June 4, 2010, Tonix Sub entered into a consulting agreement with Lederman & Co, of which our Chairman, CEO and President Seth Lederman is the Managing Member. Pursuant to this agreement, Lederman & Co shall provide clinical development, strategic, management and operational consulting services. In exchange for its services, Tonix Sub shall pay Lederman & Co compensation of $250,000 per annum and issued to Lederman & Co 13,090 shares of its common stock, 20% of which vested on the date of the agreement and the remainder vesting in equal amounts on each of the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the date of the agreement. On August 1, 2011, the cash compensation was reduced to $127,000 per annum. On February 1, 2012, the cash compensation was increased to $250,000 per annum. Immediately prior to the Share Exchange, the unvested shares of common stock vested.

On June 4, 2010, Tonix Sub entered into a technology transfer and assignment agreement with Lederman & Co. Pursuant to this agreement, Lederman & Co transferred intellectual property rights related to isometheptene mucate to Tonix Sub. In exchange for the assignment of the intellectual property rights, Tonix Sub issued to Lederman & Co 65,447 shares of its common stock.

On June 4, 2010, Tonix Sub entered into a consulting agreement with L&L, of which our Chairman, CEO and President Seth Lederman is the Manager. Pursuant to this agreement, L&L shall provide scientific and medical consulting services. In exchange for its services, Tonix Sub shall pay L&L compensation of $96,000 per annum, or such greater amount as the Board may designate from time to time, and issued to L&L 51,310 shares of its common stock, 25% of which vested on the date of the agreement and the remainder vesting in equal amounts on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of the agreement. Immediately prior to the Share Exchange, the unvested shares of common stock vested.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of June 18, 2013:

• by each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock;

• by each of our officers and directors; and

• by all of our officers and directors as a group.

Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to the following table, each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power and that person’s address is c/o Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., 509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306, New York New York 10022.

NAME OF OWNER	TITLE OF CLASS	NUMBER OF SHARES OWNED (1)			PERCENTAGE OF COMMON STOCK (2)
Seth Lederman	Common Stock		491,035	(3)		20.76	%
Leland Gershell	Common Stock		18,841	(4)		*
Bruce Daugherty	Common Stock		33,836	(5)		1.52	%
Stuart Davidson	Common Stock		96,084	(6)		4.34	%
Patrick Grace	Common Stock		10,714	(7)		*
Donald Landry	Common Stock		100,846	(8)		4.53	%
Ernest Mario	Common Stock		87,656	(9)		3.96	%
Charles Mather IV	Common Stock		17,197	(10)		*
John Rhodes	Common Stock		86,766	(11)		3.91	%
Samuel Saks	Common Stock		29,169	(12)		1.32	%
Officers and Directors as a Group (10 persons)	Common Stock		870,395	(13)		35.24	%
Lederman & Co., LLC (14)	Common Stock		289,128	(15)		12.56	%
Eli Lederman (16)	Common Stock		136,391	(17)		6.16	%
Technology Partners Fund VIII, LP (18)	Common Stock		230,020	(19)		9.99	%

* Denotes less than 1%

(1) Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock subject to options or warrants currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60 days of June 18, 2013 are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such option or warrant but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person.

(2) Percentage based upon 2,197,490 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of June 18, 2013.

(3) Includes 14,583 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days, 184,628 shares of common stock and 104,500 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Lederman & Co, 32,457 shares of common stock and 24,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by L&L, 58,972 shares of common stock and 8,250 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Targent, 4,167 shares of common stock and 8,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Leder Laboratories, Inc. and 4,167 shares of common stock and 8,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Starling Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Seth Lederman, as the Managing Member of Lederman & Co and Targent, the Manager of L&L and the Chairman of Leder Laboratories, Inc. and Starling Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has investment and voting control over the shares held by these entities.

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(4) Includes 10,416 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days and 3,125 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(5) Includes 8,335 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days and 14,792 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(6) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days, 74,536 shares of common stock and 10,834 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Lysander, LLC and 6,546 shares owned by Oystercatcher Trust. Stuart Davidson, as the Member of Lysander, LLC and Trustee of Oystercatcher Trust, has investment and voting control over the shares held by these entities.

(7) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days.

(8) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days, 32,457 shares of common stock and 24,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by L&L. Donald Landry, as a Member of L&L, has investment and voting control over the shares held by this entity

(9) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days and 10,834 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(10) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days and 4,250 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(11) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days and 19,167 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(12) Includes 4,168 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days and 8,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(13) Includes 62,510 shares of common stock underlying options which are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days, 184,628 shares of common stock and 104,500 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Lederman & Co, 32,457 shares of common stock and 24,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by L&L, 58,972 shares of common stock and 8,250 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Targent, 4,167 shares of common stock and 8,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Leder Laboratories, Inc., 4,167 shares of common stock and 8,334 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Starling Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 74,536 shares of common stock and 10,834 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned by Lysander, LLC, 6,546 shares owned by Oystercatcher Trust and 61,752 shares of common stock underlying warrants owned directly by the executive officers and directors.

(14) Seth Lederman, our President and Chief Executive Officer, has investment and voting control over the shares held by this entity. The mailing address for this entity is 245 E. 93 ^rd St. 14E, New York, New York 10128.

(15) Includes 104,500 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(16) The mailing address for this beneficial owner is Malt House Cottage, Hurley, Berkshire, SL6 5LT, United Kingdom.

(17) Includes 15,000 shares of common stock underlying warrants.

(18) The mailing address for this beneficial owner is 100 Shoreline Highway, Suite 282-B, Mill Valley, California 94941. Sheila Mutter and Roger Quy are the managing members of TP Management VIII, LLC, the general partner of Technology Partners Fund VIII, LP and have voting and investment power over the securities owned by it.

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(19) Based upon a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 19, 2013. Includes 105,020 shares of common stock underlying warrants and represents the maximum beneficial ownership percentage pursuant to exercise limitations contained within warrants owned by this beneficial owner.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following is a summary of all material characteristics of our capital stock as set forth in our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of incorporation and bylaws, and to the provisions of the Nevada Business Corporation Act of the State of Nevada, as amended.

Common Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 150,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of June 18, 2013, there were 2,197,490 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. The outstanding shares of our common stock are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a shareholder vote. Holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights. Therefore, holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Holders of our common stock representing a majority of the voting power of our capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, are necessary to constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders. A vote by the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares is required to effectuate certain fundamental corporate changes such as liquidation, merger or an amendment to our articles of incorporation.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to share in all dividends that our Board of Directors, in its discretion, declares from legally available funds. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each outstanding share entitles its holder to participate pro rata in all assets that remain after payment of liabilities and after providing for each class of stock, if any, having preference over our common stock. Our common stock has no pre-emptive, subscription or conversion rights and there are no redemption provisions applicable to our common stock.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, none of which are currently outstanding. The shares of preferred stock may be issued in series, and shall have such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such stock adopted from time to time by the board of directors. The board of directors is expressly vested with the authority to determine and fix in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuances of preferred stock the voting powers, designations, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of each such series to the full extent now or hereafter permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada.

Options

As of June 18, 2013, there are an aggregate of 376,500 options to purchase shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. 150,000 of the options are exercisable at $30.00 per share, expire on May 9, 2022 and vest 1/3^rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36^th on the 9^th of each month thereafter for 24 months. 226,500 of the options are exercisable at $10.20 per share, expire on February 12, 2023 and vest 1/3^rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36^th on the 12^th of each month thereafter for 24 months

Warrants

In connection with the 2011 Financing, we issued Conversion Warrants to purchase 13,750 shares of common stock. In addition, we issued 2011 Agent Warrants to the placement agents to purchase an aggregate of 1,538 shares of common stock. The Conversion Warrants have a three year term and $20.00 exercise price. The 2011 Agent Warrants have a $20.00 exercise price and 750 have a two year term and the remaining 788 have a three year term. The Conversion Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis.

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In connection with the March 2012 Financing, we issued March 2012 Class A Warrants to purchase 330,889 shares of common stock. In addition, we issued 2012 Agent Warrants to the placement agent to purchase 23,339 shares of common stock. The March 2012 Class A Warrants have a five year term and $25.00 exercise price. The 2012 Agent Warrants have a seven year term and $25.00 exercise price. The March 2012 Class A Warrants and 2012 Agent Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and contain customary anti-dilution protection.

In connection with the December 2012 Financing, we issued Class A Warrants to purchase 445,209 shares of common stock and Class B Warrants to purchase 445,209 shares of common stock. The Class A Warrants have a five year term and $12.00 exercise price and the Class B Warrants have a one year term and $8.00 exercise price. The Class A Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain conditions. As of June 18, 2013, all of the Class A Warrants and 406,875 of the Class B Warrants remain outstanding.

On January 1, 2013, we issued warrants to non-employees to purchase 10,800 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance vesting ratably over twelve months beginning January 1, 2013 in connection with services.

Convertible Securities

None.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING

We are offering units, each unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one Series A Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock.

The units will not be issued or certificated. The shares of common stock and the Series A Warrants that we are issuing are immediately separable and will be issued separately. We are also registering the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Series A Warrants offered hereby.

Common Stock

The material terms and provisions of our common stock and each other class of our securities which qualifies or limits our common stock are described under the caption “Description of Capital Stock” in this prospectus.

Series A Warrants

The following summary of certain terms and provisions of Series A Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by the provisions of the Series A Warrant, the form of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Series A Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Series A Warrants.

Duration and Exercise Price . The Series A Warrants offered hereby will entitle the holders thereof to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,920,000 shares of our common stock at an initial exercise price per share of common stock of [ * ]. The Series A Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance. The Series A Warrants will be issued separately from the common stock included in the units, and may be transferred separately immediately thereafter. Series A Warrants will be issued in certificated form only.

Exercisability . The Series A Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrants.

Cashless Exercise . If, at the time a holder exercises its Series A Warrant, there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for an issuance of the shares underlying the Series A Warrant to the holder, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Series A Warrant.

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws and the restriction on transfer set forth in the Series A Warrant, the Series A Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Series A Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

Exchange Listing. We do not intend to list the Series A Warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market.

Right as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Series A Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the Series A Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Series A Warrants.

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Waivers and Amendments . Subject to certain exceptions, any term of the Series A Warrants may be amended or waived with our written consent and the written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the then-outstanding Series A Warrants.

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UNDERWRITING

We have entered into an underwriting agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC and National Securities Corporation with respect to the units subject to this offering. Subject to certain conditions, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and the underwriters have severally agreed to purchase, the number of units provided below opposite their respective names.

Underwriters	Number of Units
Roth Capital Partners, LLC
National Securities Corporation
Total		1,920,000

The underwriters are offering the units subject to their acceptance of the units from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the units offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the units if any such units are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the units covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.

Over-Allotment Option

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable no later than 45 calendar days after the date of the underwriting agreement to purchase (i) up to 288,000 additional units at a price, after the underwriting discount, of $[ * ] per unit, (ii) up to 288,000 additional shares of our common stock at a price, after the underwriting discount, of $[ * ] per share and/or (iii) warrants to purchase up to 288,000 shares of our common stock at a price, after the underwriting discount, of $[ * ] per warrant from us to cover over-allotments. The underwriters may exercise this option only to cover over-allotments, if any, made in connection with this offering. If the underwriters exercise this option, each underwriter will be obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase a number of additional units, shares and/or warrants proportionate to that underwriter’s initial purchase commitment for units as indicated in the table above.

Discounts, Commissions and Expenses

The underwriters have advised us that they propose to offer the units to the public at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $[  *  ]  per unit.  The underwriters may allow, and certain dealers may reallow, a discount from the concession not in excess of $[  *  ] per unit to certain brokers and dealers.  After this offering, the initial public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be changed by the underwriters.  No such change shall change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.  The units are offered by the underwriters as stated herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part.  The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriters by us in connection with this offering. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional units, shares of our common stock and/or additional warrants.

	Per unit1	Total Without Exercise of Over- Allotment Option	Total With Exercise of Over- Allotment Option
Public offering price	$	$	$
Underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us	$	$	$

¹ Does not include the warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 4.0% of the number of shares included in the units sold in the offering to be issued to the underwriters at the closing.

We estimate that expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions referred to above, will be approximately $400,000. We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain out-of-pocket expenses provided that expenses exceeding $100,000 will require our prior approvals, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld; provided, further, that expenses reimbursable by us shall not exceed $250,000 in the aggregate.

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Underwriters’ Warrants

We have also agreed to issue to the underwriters’ warrants to purchase a number of our shares of common stock equal to an aggregate of 4.0% of the shares of common stock included in the units sold in this offering. The underwriters’ warrants will have an exercise price equal to the public offering price of the units set forth on the cover of this prospectus and may be exercised on a cashless basis. The underwriters’ warrants are not redeemable by us. This prospectus also covers the sale of the underwriters’ warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the underwriters’ warrants. Except as described above or as summarized below, the underwriters’ warrants will be in substantially the same form as the Series A Warrants included in the units. The underwriters’ warrants and the underlying shares of common stock have been deemed compensation by the Financial Institutions Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, and are therefore subject to FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1). In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1), neither the underwriters’ warrants nor any shares of our common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of the offering pursuant to which the underwriter warrants are being issued, except the transfer of any security:

· by operation of law or by reason of reorganization of our company;

· to any FINRA member firm participating in this offering and the officers or partners thereof, if all securities so transferred remain subject to the lock-up restriction described above for the remainder of the time period;

· if the aggregate amount of our securities held by either an underwriter or a related person do not exceed 1% of the securities being offered;

· that is beneficially owned on a pro-rata basis by all equity owners of an investment fund, provided that no participating member manages or otherwise directs investments by the fund, and participating members in the aggregate do not own more than 10% of the equity in the fund; or

· the exercise or conversion of any security, if all securities received remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period.

In addition, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(H), the underwriter warrants may not contain certain terms.

Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, or to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

Right of First Refusal

Subject to certain limited exceptions, until 12 months after August 15, 2013, Roth Capital Partners, LLC has a right of first refusal to act as our exclusive placement agent or lead underwriter and sole book runner, as applicable, in the event we decide to pursue an offering of our securities during such period.

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Lock-up Agreements

We, our officers, directors and certain of our shareholders have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of the underwriting agreement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock either owned as of the date of the underwriting agreement or thereafter acquired without the prior written consent of the underwriters. This 90-day period may be extended if (1) during the last 17 days of the 90-day period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event regarding us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 90-day period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 90-day period, then the period of such extension will be 18 days, beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event. If after any announcement described in clause (2) of the preceding sentence, we announce that we will not release earnings results during the 16-day period, the lock-up period shall expire the later of the expiration of the 90-day period and the end of any extension of such period made pursuant to clause (1) of the preceding sentence. The underwriters may, in their sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

In connection with the offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act:

· Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

· Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of securities in excess of the number of securities the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of securities over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of securities that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of securities involved is greater than the number of securities in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing securities in the open market.

· Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of securities to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of securities available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which it may purchase such securities through the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more securities than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the securities in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

· Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when a security originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or warrants or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock or warrants. As a result, the price of our common stock or warrants may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the common stock or the warrants. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make any representations that the underwriters will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

Electronic Distribution

This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or by their affiliates. Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by an underwriter is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any underwriter in its capacity as underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.

Other

From time to time, certain of the underwriters and/or their affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services they have received and, may in the future receive, customary fees. Except for services provided in connection with this offering, no underwriter has provided any investment banking or other financial services during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus and we do not expect to retain any underwriter to perform any investment banking or other financial services for at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus.

As of June 18, 2013, National Securities Corporation owned approximately 68,111 shares of our common stock held by National Holdings, Inc.

NOTICE TO INVESTORS

Notice to Investors in the United Kingdom

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”) an offer to the public of any securities which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus may not be made in that Relevant Member State except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any such securities may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:

(a)          to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

(b)          to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;

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(c)          by an underwriter to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive); or

(d)          in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of these securities shall result in a requirement for the publication by the issuer or the underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any of the securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any such securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any such securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

Each underwriter has represented, warranted and agreed that:

(a)          it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the FSMA)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of any of the securities in circumstances in which section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the issuer; and

(b)          it has complied with and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the securities in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

European Economic Area

In particular, this document does not constitute an approved prospectus in accordance with European Commission’s Regulation on Prospectuses no. 809/2004 and no such prospectus is to be prepared and approved in connection with this offering. Accordingly, in relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (being the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2003/71/EC and including any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State) (each, a Relevant Member State), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the Relevant Implementation Date) an offer of securities to the public may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to such securities which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of securities to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:

· to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

· to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000; and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in the last annual or consolidated accounts; or

· in any other circumstances which do not require the publication by the Issuer of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of securities to the public” in relation to any of the securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State. For these purposes the units offered hereby are “securities.”

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LEGAL MATTERS

The legality of the securities offered hereby has been passed on for us by Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP, New York, New York.  Lowenstein Sandler LLP, New York, New York, is acting as counsel for the underwriters in connection with this offering.

EXPERTS

EisnerAmper LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited, as set forth in its report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, our financial statements at December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the years then ended that appear in the prospectus. The financial statements referred to above are included in this prospectus in reliance upon the independent registered public accounting firm’s report given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the shares of common stock and warrants being offered by this prospectus, and reference is made to such registration statement. This prospectus constitutes the prospectus of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., filed as part of the registration statement, and it does not contain all information in the registration statement, as certain portions have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other document.

We file annual, quarterly and special reports and other information with the SEC (Commission File Number 000-54879). These filings contain important information that does not appear in this prospectus. For further information about us, you may read and copy any reports, statements and other information filed by us at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102. You may obtain further information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our SEC filings are also available on the SEC Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, which contains periodic reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically. You can find information about Tonix on our website at http://www.tonixpharma.com. Information found on our website is not part of this prospectus. You may also request a copy of any of our periodic reports filed with the SEC by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

Leland Gershell

Chief Financial Officer

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306

New York, New York 10022

Telephone (212) 980-9155

93

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-1
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011	F-2
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (date of inception) through December 31, 2012	F-3
Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficiency) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (date of inception) through December 31, 2007	F-4 – F-6
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (date of inception) through December 31, 2012	F-7
Notes to consolidated financial statements	F-8 – F-19
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 and 2012
Condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012	F-20
Condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (date of inception) through March 31, 2013 (unaudited)	F-21
Condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ (deficiency) equity for the three months ended March 31, 2013 (unaudited)	F-22
Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (date of inception) through March 31, 2013 (unaudited)	F-23
Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)	F-24 – F-28

94

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (a development stage company) (the "Company") as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the years then ended and for the period from June 7, 2007 (inception) through December 31, 2012 and the consolidated statements of stockholders' (deficiency) equity for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2012 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (inception) through December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended and for the period from June 7, 2007 (inception) through December 31, 2012 and consolidated changes in stockholders' (deficiency) equity for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2012 and for the period from June 7, 2007 (inception) through December 31, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring net losses and negative cash flows from operations and requires additional financing to fund future operations. These events and conditions, among others referred to in Note 2, raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans concerning these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

/s/ EisnerAmper LLP

EisnerAmper LLP

New York, New York

March 8, 2013, except for the third paragraph of Note 15, as to which the date is May 1, 2013

F-1

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

	2012			2011
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	1,785,390		$	41,123
Prepaid expenses and other		224,659			102,430
Total current assets		2,010,049			143,553
Furniture and equipment, net		46,894			25,550
Deferred financing costs, net		-			196,166
Restricted cash		60,267			60,177
Total assets	$	2,117,210		$	425,446
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, including $6,809 and $27,483 to related parties as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively	$	825,837		$	695,198
Accrued expenses		309,800			10,229
Accrued interest, including $3,155 and $5,006 to related parties as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively		3,155			38,306
Liability to placement agent		-			31,543
Convertible debentures		-			150,000
Total current liabilities		1,138,792			925,276
Convertible debentures, including $265,000 to related parties		-			1,925,000
Deferred rent payable		19,710			29,083
Total liabilities		1,158,502			2,879,359
Commitments		-			-
Stockholders' equity (deficiency):
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 and -0- shares authorized as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively; none issued or outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 and 75,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively; 2,159,156 and 1,353,350 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively		2,159			1,353
Additional paid in capital		16,800,829			3,939,414
Deficit accumulated during development stage		(15,844,280	)		(6,394,680	)
Total stockholders' equity (deficiency)		958,708			(2,453,913	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficiency)	$	2,117,210		$	425,446

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-2

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

							From June 7, 2007
							(date of inception)
	Year ended December 31,						Through
	2012			2011			December 31, 2012
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Research and development	$	2,583,308		$	1,158,167		$	4,535,262
General and administrative		4,078,102			2,220,361			8,333,349
		6,661,410			3,378,528			12,868,611
Operating Loss		(6,661,410	)		(3,378,528	)		(12,868,611	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			7,908
Other income		1,875			-			1,875
Change in fair value of warrants liability		(1,177,026	)					(1,177,026	)
Interest and other financing costs, net		(1,613,039	)		(91,585	)		(1,808,426	)
NET LOSS	$	(9,449,600	)	$	(3,470,113	)	$	(15,844,280	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(5.58	)	$	(3.24	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		1,693,436			1,071,295

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-3

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)

											Deficit
											Accumulated
									Additional		During
	Preferred stock				Common stock				Paid in		Development
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Stage			Total
Shares issued to founders for intellectual property in June 2007 ($3.00 per share)		-	$	-		29,451	$	29	$	87,721	$	-		$	87,750
Shares issued to bankers for services in June 2007 ($3.00 per share)		-		-		3,272		3		9,747		-			9,750
Compensation related to restricted share awards issued to directors in November 2007		-		-		-		-		24,187		-			24,187
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(537,001	)		(537,001	)
Balance at December 31, 2007		-		-		32,723		32		121,655		(537,001	)		(415,314	)
Compensation related to cancelled restricted share awards in December 2008		-		-		-		-		72,563		-			72,563
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(202,262	)		(202,262	)
Balance at December 31, 2008		-		-		32,723		32		194,218		(739,263	)		(545,013	)
Conversion of senior convertible notes into Preferred stock in June 2009 ($2.60 per share)		-		-		360,004		360		199,640		-			200,000
Shares issued to directors in July 2009 ($3.00 per share)		-		-		1,571		2		4,678		-			4,680
Capital contribution in June 2009		-		-		-		-		23,725		-			23,725
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(220,834	)		(220,834	)
Balance at December 31, 2009		-	$	-		394,298	$	394	$	422,261	$	(960,097	)	$	(537,442	)

F-4

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)

												Deficit
												Accumulated
									Additional			During
	Preferred stock				Common stock				Paid in			Development
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Stage			Total
Conversion of demand notes into capital stock in July 2010 ($4.60 per share)		-	$	-		104,729	$	105	$	479,895		$	-		$	480,000
Conversion of accrued interest on demand notes into capital stock in July 2010 ($4.60 per share)		-		-		15,072		15		69,063			-			69,078
Issuance of capital stock in August to December 2010 ($4.60 per share)		-		-		292,804		293		1,341,708			-			1,342,001
Shares issued to founders for intellectual property in June 2010 ($4.52 per share)		-		-		65,447		66		295,434			-			295,500
Issuance of restricted shares to directors, employees and consultants in June to November 2010 ($4.76 per share)		-		-		29,386		29		139,853			-			139,882
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			(1,964,470	)		(1,964,470	)
Balance at December 31, 2010		-		-		901,735		902		2,748,214			(2,924,567	)		(175,451	)
Vesting and issuance of capital stock in January to September 2011 ($4.60 per share)		-		-		133,530		133		611,867			-			612,000
Vesting and issuance of restricted shares to directors, employees and consultants in February to April 2011 and vesting of restricted shares pursuant to share exchange agreement in October 2011 ($4.60 per share)		-		-		98,084		98		435,553			-			435,651
Common stock issued in connection with the share exchange transaction in October 2011		-		-		200,000		200		(200	)		-			-
Common stock issued in October 2011 in exchange for services rendered ($7.20 per share)		-		-		20,000		20		143,980			-			144,000
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			(3,470,113	)		(3,470,113	)
Balance at December 31, 2011		-	$	-		1,353,350	$	1,353	$	3,939,414		$	(6,394,680	)	$	(2,453,913	)

F-5

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)

											Deficit
											Accumulated
									Additional		During
	Preferred stock				Common stock				Paid in		Development
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Stage			Total
Issuance of common stock in January 2012 to holders of convertible debentures ($12.40 per share)		-	$	-		29,700	$	30	$	368,250	$	-		$	368,280
Issuance of common stock in January and March 2012 ($12.40 per share) net of transaction expenses of $435,713		-		-		330,892		331		3,631,980		-			3,632,311
Warrants issued in January 2012 to holders of convertible debentures		-		-		-		-		83,289		-			83,289
Warrants issued to placement agent in January 2012		-		-		-		-		6,126		-			6,126
Warrants reclassified to equity upon expiry of reset provisions		-		-		-		-		3,938,946		-			3,938,946
Issuance of common stock and warrants in December 2012 to holders of convertible debentures ($6.00) per share		-		-		118,335		118		709,882					710,000
Issuance of common stock and warrants in December 2012 ($8.00 per share) net of transaction expenses of $70,000		-		-		326,879		327		2,544,673		-			2,545,000
Beneficial conversion feature in connection with convertible debentures		-		-		-		-		710,000		-			710,000
Capital contribution of accrued interest		-		-		-		-		3,111		-			3,111
Stock based compensation		-		-		-		-		865,158		-			865,158
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(9,449,600	)		(9,449,600	)
Balance at December 31, 2012		-	$	-		2,159,156	$	2,159	$	16,800,829	$	(15,844,280	)	$	958,708

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-6

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

							From June 7, 2007
							(date of inception)
	Year ended December 31,						Through
	2012			2011			December 31, 2012
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(9,449,600	)	$	(3,470,113	)	$	(15,844,280	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		14,329			9,300			31,641
Amortization and write off of deferred financing costs		196,166			53,377			249,543
Non cash interest, consisting of beneficial conversion feature in connection with convertible debentures		710,000			-			710,000
Non cash interest, consisting of common stock and warrants issued in connection with convertible debentures		426,152			-			426,152
Non-cash financing costs related to January and March 2012 financing		81,337			-			81,337
Stock based compensation		865,158			435,651			1,551,871
Change in fair value of warrant liability		1,177,026			-			1,177,026
Common stock issued in exchange for intellectual property		-			-			383,250
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			(7,908	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses		(122,229	)		(79,117	)		(224,659	)
Accounts payable		130,639			377,453			825,837
Accrued interest		(32,040	)		38,306			6,266
Accrued expenses		293,125			(12,304	)		404,065
Deferred rent payable		(2,927	)		9,909			26,156
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,712,864	)		(2,637,538	)		(10,203,703	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of furniture and fixtures		(35,673	)		(2,764	)		(78,535	)
Proceeds from security deposit		-			3,156			-
Payment of restricted cash and interest earned on restricted cash		(90	)		(90	)		(60,267	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(35,763	)		302			(138,802	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from demand notes		-			-			480,000
Proceeds from other notes payable		320,000			500,000			1,020,000
Proceeds, net of expenses of $24,000 as of December 31, 2011, from Convertible Debentures		390,000			1,501,000			1,891,000
Repayment of Convertible Debentures		(150,000	)		-			(150,000	)
Proceeds, net of expenses of $374,870 from sale of units consisting of common stock and warrants		6,932,894			-			6,932,894
Proceeds from the sale of capital stock		-			612,000			1,954,001
Net cash provided by financing activities		7,492,894			2,613,000			12,127,895
Net increase (decrease) in cash		1,744,267			(24,236	)		1,785,390
Cash, beginning of the period		41,123			65,359			-
Cash, end of period	$	1,785,390		$	41,123		$	1,785,390
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	35,195		$	-		$	-
Non cash investing and financing activities:
Senior convertible notes exchanged for preferred shares	$	-		$	-		$	200,000
Capital contribution of accrued interest	$	3,111		$	-		$	26,836
Demand notes together with accrued interest converted into capital stock	$	-		$	-		$	549,078
Common stock issued for deferred financing costs	$	-		$	144,000		$	144,000
Exchange of Notes Payable for Convertible Debenture	$	320,000		$	-		$	820,000
Warrants Liability reclassified to Stockholders' Equity	$	3,938,946		$	-		$	3,938,946
Exchange of Convertible Debenture for Units consisting of common stock and warrants	$	2,635,000		$	-		$	2,635,000

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-7

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 1 –BUSINESS AND RECAPITALIZATION

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. through its wholly owned subsidiary Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is attempting to develop safer and more effective versions of widely prescribed central nervous system ("CNS") drugs. While some new applications can use the commercially available form of the drug, in other cases reformulating the active ingredient improves its safety or effectiveness in treating the CNS condition. When formal development programs have proven successful in clinical tests, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. intends to seek marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA").

On August 16, 2010, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. formed Krele LLC ("Krele") in the state of Delaware. Krele is a limited liability corporation whose sole member is Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc. Krele was established to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate new drug application products or versions of drug efficacy study implementation products. The Company expects that its relationship to Krele will be similar to that of several other pharmaceutical companies and their subsidiaries that market generic versions of the parent's branded products at different periods in their product life-cycle.

On October 7, 2011, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. incorporated on June 7, 2007 in the State of Delaware) and a publicly traded non-operating shell company Tamandare Explorations Inc. (“Tamandare”), incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada, along with certain other parties executed and consummated a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange”). Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and each share of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of Tamandare’s common stock. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. shareholders, including holders of restricted shares, which were subject to accelerated vesting, received in exchange for all of their shares, an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and Tamandare’s existing stockholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. shareholders constituted approximately 85% of Tamandare’s 1,333,334 issued and outstanding shares of common stock after the Share Exchange. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. became Tamandare’s wholly-owned subsidiary and in October 2011 Tamandare was renamed Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. As the owners and management of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. obtained voting and operating control of Tamandare after the Share Exchange and Tamandare was non-operating, had no assets or liabilities and did not meet the definition of a business, the transaction has been accounted for as a recapitalization of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., accompanied by the issuance of its common stock for outstanding common stock of Tamandare, which was recorded at a nominal value. The accompanying financial statements and related notes give retroactive effect to the recapitalization as if it had occurred on June 7, 2007 (inception date) and accordingly all share and per share amounts have been adjusted.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Krele LLC (hereafter referred to as the “Company” or “Tonix”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties, the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future. In addition, although the Company has approximately $900,000 of working capital at December 31, 2012, the Company will require additional financing to fund future operations as it is expected that cash to be used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and has not generated revenues and there is no assurance that if approval of their products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

F-8

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

The Company intends to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing; however the Company does not have any commitments or definitive or binding arrangements for such funds. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and operations substantially.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation and the fair value of other equity instruments.

Research and Development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses related costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing product for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Furniture and equipment

Furniture and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset's estimated useful life, which is three years for computer assets and five years for furniture and all other equipment. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of net operating loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts measured at the current enacted tax rates. The Company records an estimated valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is not more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company has not recorded any unrecognized tax benefits.

Stock-based compensation

All stock-based payments to employees and to nonemployee directors for their services as directors, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as compensation or other expense over the relevant service period. Stock-based payments to nonemployees are recognized as an expense over the period of performance. Such payments are measured at fair value at the earlier of the date a performance commitment is reached or the date performance is completed. In addition, for awards that vest immediately and are non forfeitable the measurement date is the date the award is issued.

F-9

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

Per share data:

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to the exchange ratio in the Share Exchange in October 2011, which was accounted for as a recapitalization of the Company (see Note 1), and to the 1-for-20 reverse stock split, which was effected on May 1, 2013 (see Note 15).

In October 2011, upon completion of the share exchange referred to above, the Company issued Convertible Debentures in the amount of $2,075,000 which, as of December 31, 2011, were convertible into approximately 199,250 common shares. In January 2012, the debentures were exchanged for units or repaid (see Note 5). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2011, no effect has been given to such shares as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, upon completion of the various financings, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,259,934 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 11). In addition, in May 2012, the Company issued to employees options to acquire an aggregate of 175,000 shares of the Company’s common stock of which 150,000 were outstanding at December 31, 2012 (see Note 10). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

NOTE 3 – FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT

Furniture and equipment as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 is summarized as follows:

	2012			2011
Office furniture and equipment	$	78,535		$	42,862
Less:  accumulated depreciation		(31,641	)		(17,312	)
	$	46,894		$	25,550

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $14,329 and $9,300, respectively.

NOTE 4 - RESTRICTED CASH

Restricted cash at December 31, 2012 and 2011 collateralizes a letter of credit in the amount of approximately $60,000 issued in connection with the lease of office space in New York City (see Note 12).

NOTE 5 – 2011 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

On October 7, 2011, concurrently with the Share Exchange, the Company issued secured Convertible Debentures (“Convertible Debentures”) in the amount of $1,625,000 of which $1,125,000 were sold to certain investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $1,065,000, net of selling commissions to a placement agent of $40,000 and $20,000 of legal fees, and $500,000 were exchanged for 8% Notes Payable (“Notes Payable”) issued on September 9, 2011. In addition, 20,000 shares of common stock with the fair market value of $144,000 were issued to a second placement agent. On November 16, the Company issued Convertible Debentures in the amount of $450,000 for aggregate cash proceeds of $436,000, net of selling commissions to a third placement agent of $14,000.

The Convertible Debentures matured on the earlier of (i) one year from the date of issuance or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which the Company receives gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $3,425,000 (a “Subsequent Financing”), which took place on January 20, 2012 (“January 2012 Financing”) (see Note 6). The Convertible Debentures bore interest at 8% per annum and were convertible at the holder’s option into a Subsequent Financing. In the event that a Subsequent Financing has not occurred within 12 months from the date of issuance of the Convertible Debentures, the holder had the option to convert into a number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to 1% of the Company's shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis for every $125,000 of Convertible Debentures (the “Conversion Shares”) or an aggregate of approximately 199,250 shares based on the outstanding shares of the Company common stock as of December 31, 2011.

F-10

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

Upon the January 2012 Financing (See Note 6), $1,925,000 of debentures were exchanged for Units and the remaining $150,000 of debentures were repaid. As a result of the exchange, $1,925,000 principal amount of debentures are classified as a non-current liability in the accompanying balance sheet at December 31, 2011.

Upon conversion or repayment of the Convertible Debenture, the holder was entitled to receive, at the holder’s option, either (i) a warrant (the “Debenture Warrant”), which has a three year term and is exercisable at the offering price in a Subsequent Financing, to purchase such number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Debenture divided by the offering price in a Subsequent Financing, (the “Warrant Shares”) or (ii) shares of the Company's common stock equal to 33% of the principal amount of the Convertible Debenture divided by the offering price in a Subsequent Financing (the “Incentive Shares”). The Conversion Shares, Warrant Shares and Incentive Shares are entitled to piggyback registration rights. Upon the January 2012 Financing, the holders of the Convertible Debenture elected to receive 13,750 Debenture Warrants exercisable at $20.00 per share with a fair value of $83,289 and 29,700 Incentive Shares valued at $368,280. The value of the Debenture Warrants and Incentive Shares was charged to operations as interest expense in the first quarter of 2012.

In addition to selling commissions paid to the placement agents on the sale of certain Convertible Debentures, the placement agents received warrants that expire in January 2014 and 2015 (“Agents Warrants”), respectively, and are exercisable at the offering price in a Subsequent Financing to purchase shares of the Company's common stock equal to 3% and 9%, respectively, of the gross proceeds delivered by purchasers introduced by such placement agents divided by the purchase price per share in the Subsequent Financing. In the event that the Subsequent Financing has not occurred within 12 months from the date of issuance of the Convertible Debentures, the placement agents were entitled to receive, in lieu of the warrants, shares of common stock equal to 3% and 9%, respectively, of the number of shares of the Company's common stock such purchasers were entitled to receive upon conversion of their Convertible Debentures or an aggregate of approximately 4,400 shares based on the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock as of December 31, 2011.

The Company recognized a liability to placement agents to issue shares of its common stock based on their fair value of approximately $32,000 as of December 31, 2011. Upon the January 2012 Financing, the placement agents become entitled to receive 1,538 warrants exercisable at $20.00 per share with a fair value $6,126, which was charged to operations as interest expense in the first quarter of 2012. Additionally the liability to placement agent of $32,000 was credited to interest expense in the first quarter of 2012.

The fair value of the Debenture and Agents Warrants was determined using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: fair value of the Company’s common stock $12.40 per share determined based on January and March 2012 proceeds; dividends yield 0%; expected terms 2 to 3 years; risk free interest rate: 0.91%; and expected volatility: 73 to 94%.

The following expenses in connection with the issuance of Convertible Debentures were recorded as deferred financing costs: fair value of 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to the placement agent valued at $144,000, cash payments to the placement agents of $54,000, legal expenses of $20,000 and fair value of the liability to placement agent to issue the Company’s shares of common stock in the amount of $32,000. The deferred financing costs were amortized using the effective interest method over the twelve month term of the Convertible Debentures. During the year ended December 31, 2011, amortization of deferred financing costs amounted to approximately $53,000 and was charged to interest expense in the statement of operations and the remaining balance of $196,166 was charged to operations in connection with the extinguishment of the debentures resulting from their exchange and repayment in 2012.

Pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement and Subsidiary Guaranty, the Company granted the Debenture holders a first priority lien on all its assets.

F-11

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 6 – JANUARY AND MARCH 2012 FINANCING

On January 20, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 172.118 units (“Units”) to certain investors (the “Purchasers”) for aggregate cash proceeds of $2,377,950 and $1,925,000 in previously issued Convertible Debentures of the Company that were exchanged for Units (“January 2012 Financing”). On March 1, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 92.5926 Units to certain investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $2,314,815 (“March 2012 Financing”).

Each Unit had a purchase price of $25,000 per Unit and consisted of one thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) shares of the Company’s common stock, a Class A Warrant to purchase one thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) shares of Common Stock (the “Class A Warrants”), and a Class B Warrant to purchase up to one thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) shares of Common Stock (the “Class B Warrants” and together with the Class A Warrants, the “Warrants”).

The Class A Warrants have an exercise price of $25.00 per share of common stock and will be exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The warrants had certain anti-dilutive provisions that were set to expire the earlier of i) one year or ii) upon effectiveness of a registration of all shares covered by Class A Warrants, which took place on June 6, 2012. The Company determined the fair value of the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants, described below, to be $2,549,684 and $212,235 on the issuance dates and initially classified them as a liability due to transactions which cause an adjustment to the conversion rate (reset provisions) contained in the warrant agreements. On June 6, 2012, upon the Company's registration statement being declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the reset provisions expired and the Company reclassified $3,938,946, the fair value of the Class A Warrants and Agent Warrants as of that date to equity. The increase of $1,177,026 in fair value of warrants liability was included in results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The following assumptions were used in the Binomial Lattice model to determine fair value of the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants:

	Issuance date January 20 and March 1, 2012			Expiration date June 6, 2012
Price of the Company’s common stock	$	12.40		$	17.00
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%
Expected terms		5 – 7 years			4.6 - 6.7 years
Risk free interest rate		0.89 - 1.47	%		0.73 - 1.11	%
Expected volatility		96.68 - 96.69	%		95.73	%
Expected price at which holders are likely to exercise their warrants	$	25.00		$	25.00

The Class B Warrants were exercisable automatically on their expiration date by cashless exercise or expire without exercise. In the event that the average of the Company’s daily volume weighted average price was below $15.00 during the 10 trading days after the Announcement Date (as hereinafter defined) (the “Measuring Period”), then the holder was entitled to receive additional shares of the Company’s Common Stock upon the exercise of the Class B Warrants on the expiration date, which is the 12^th trading day after the Announcement Date. In the event that the Company’s average daily volume weighted average price was at or above $15.00 during the Measuring Period, the Class B Warrants were to expire unexercised. The Announcement Date was the earlier of (1) the date on which the Company announces via press release the results of the pharmacokinetic study of its TNX-102 drug formulation; or (2) June 1, 2012. On April 5, 2012 the Company issued a press release announcing the results of the pharmacokinetic study of its TNX-102 drug formulation, which is defined as an Announcement Date for the purpose of the Class B Warrants. Based on the Company’s average daily volume weighted average price, which was $34.60 per share, during the Measuring Period, the Class B Warrants expired unexercised.

In connection with the January and March 2012 Financing, the Company paid a placement agent (the “Agent”) an aggregate cash payment of $466,777, which represented an 8% commission and a 2% non-accountable expense allowance of the gross proceeds delivered by Purchasers in the January and March 2012 Financing. In addition, the Agent earned an aggregate of 23,339 warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 10% of the gross proceeds delivered by Purchasers in the January and March 2012 Financing (the “Agent Warrants”), which have an exercise price of $25.00 per share of common stock, exercisable for a period of seven years, contained anti-dilution protection and are entitled to piggy-back registration rights. Total expenses related to the financing, including cash and the fair value of warrants given to the Agent, amounted to $706,511, of which $435,713 was charged to additional paid-in capital and $270,798, deemed initially allocable to the warrant liability, was charged to current and other financing costs.

F-12

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

In connection with the financings, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with Purchasers.  The Company is required to file a registration statement registering for resale the common stock included in the Units and the common stock underlying the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants to be filed no later than 60 days from the date of termination of the financings on March 1, 2012 and must be declared effective no later than 120 days from the date of termination of the Financing (June 29, 2012).  On April 26, 2012, the Company filed the registration statement, which was declared effective on June 6, 2012. The Company is required to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement from its effective date unless all securities registered under the registration statement have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold.  If the Company failed to comply with the registration statement filing or effective date requirements, the Company was required to pay the investors a fee equal to 1.0% of the Purchaser’s investment, for each 30-day period of delay, subject to a maximum payment of 10% to each Purchaser.

NOTE 7 – 2012 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

On November 14, 2012, the Company sold to accredited investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $390,000, convertible debentures (“Debentures”) in the principal face amount of $390,000 and the Company exchanged $320,000 in previously issued promissory notes of the Company for Debentures in the principal face amount of $320,000.

The previously issued promissory notes were issued between October and November 2012 in the amount of $320,000 in exchange for $320,000 borrowed from six affiliated investors. The Notes bore no interest and were payable on demand.

The Debentures mature on the earlier of (i) November 14, 2013 or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which we receive gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $100,000 (a “Subsequent Financing”). The Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum and are convertible at the holder’s option into either (i) a Subsequent Financing at a price equal to a 25% discount to the price of securities sold in the Subsequent Financing or (ii) shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $20.00.

On December 4, 2012, upon completion of a Subsequent Financing, the $710,000 of Debentures were converted into Units at a price of $6.00 per Unit representing a 25% discount to the price ($8.00) of securities sold (the “Financing”). Accordingly, the Company recorded a beneficial conversion feature in connection with the Debentures at the date of conversion of $710,000 as a charge to interest expense and a credit to additional paid in capital.

The beneficial conversion feature, which was contingent on a Subsequent Financing, was computed based on the excess of the number of shares received upon conversion based on the adjusted conversion price ($6.00) over the number of shares that would have been received based on the original conversion price ($20.00) multiplied by the stock price ($10.20) on November 14, 2012, the date the Debentures were issued, limited to the amount of proceeds allocated to the Debentures, or $710,000.

NOTE 8 – DECEMBER 2012 FINANCING

On December 4, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,404,167 units (“Units”) to certain accredited investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $1,615,000, at a price per Unit of $0.40, and the exchange of $710,000 in previously issued convertible debentures of the Company that were converted into Units at a price of $0.30 per Unit. On December 21, 2012, the Company issued 2,500,000 Units to a single accredited investor for cash proceeds of $1,000,000, at a price per Unit of $0.40. In connection with the Financing, the Company paid an agent a cash payment of $70,000, which represented a 7% commission of the gross proceeds delivered by the investor in the financing.

Each Unit consisted of .05 share of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value, a Class A Warrant to purchase .05 share of Common Stock (the “Class A Warrants”), and a Class B Warrant to purchase .05 share of Common Stock (the “Class B Warrants” and together with the Class A Warrants, the “Warrants”).The Class A Warrants have an exercise price of $12.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The Class A Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances. The Class B Warrants have an exercise price of $8.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of one year from the date of issuance.

In connection with the Financing, the Company granted each Purchaser registration rights. The Company is obligated to use its best efforts to cause a registration statement registering for resale the common stock included in the Units and the common stock underlying the Class A Warrants to be filed no later than 60 days (as amended) from the date of termination of the Financing and must be declared effective no later than 120 days from the date of termination of the Financing. Moreover, the Company will maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement from its effective date unless all securities registered under the registration statement have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). If the Company fails to comply with the registration statement filing or effective date requirements, the Company is required to pay the investors a fee equal to 1.0% of the Purchaser’s investment, for each 30-day period of delay, subject to a maximum payment of 10% to each Purchaser. On January 25, 2013, the Company filed the required registration statement.

F-13

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

On May 2, 2012, the Company filed amended and restated Articles of Incorporation. Among other changes, the Company increased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.001 par value to 150,000,000. Additionally, the Company is now authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value with such designations, preferences and participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as shall be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

NOTE 10 – SHARE BASED COMPENSATION

2010 Stock Plan

In June and August 2010, respectively, the Board of Directors and stockholders of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. approved, and in December 2010 and February 2011, the Board of Directors amended, the terms and provisions of the 2010 Stock Plan (the "2010 Plan") whereby the Company reserved 228,232 shares of its Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the 2010 Plan. The 2010 Plan allowed for grants of options to purchase shares of Common Stock and awards of restricted Common Stock to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company.

No options were granted under the 2010 Plan. Following is a summary of activity for the year ended December 31, 2011, with respect to restricted stock granted under the 2010 Plan:

				Weighted
	Number of			Average
	Restricted			Grant-Date
Nonvested Restricted Stock	Shares			Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2010		84,893		$	4.60
Granted		18,436		$	4.60
Vested prior to Share Exchange		(28,243	)	$	4.60
Vested pursuant to Share Exchange		(69,849	)	$	4.60
Forfeited		(5,237	)	$	4.60
Nonvested at December 31, 2011		0		$	0

Restricted stock is not considered to be issued until the stock vests.

The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $139,063 prior to the Share Exchange and remaining expense of $296,588 was recognized on October 7, 2011, the date of the Share Exchange, upon which all non vested restricted shares vested and the 2010 Plan ceased to exist.

2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan

On February 12, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan provides for the issuance of options to purchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. Under the terms of the 2012 Plan, the Company may issue Incentive Stock Options as defined by the Internal Revenue Code to employees of the Company only and nonstatutory options. The Board of Directors of the Company determines the exercise price, vesting and expiration period of the grants under the 2012 Plan. However, the exercise price of an Incentive Stock Option should not be less than 110% of fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant for a 10% or more stockholder and 100% of fair value for a grantee who is not 10% stockholder. The fair value of the common stock is determined based on quoted market price or in absence of such quoted market price, by the Board of Directors in good faith. Additionally, the vesting period of the grants under the 2012 Plan should not be more than five years and expiration period not more than ten years. The Company reserved 200,000 shares of its common stock for future issuance under the terms of the 2012 Plan. On May 9, 2012, 175,000 options had been granted under the 2012 Plan (of which 25,000 were subsequently canceled and 150,000 are outstanding at December 31, 2012) with an exercise price of $30.00, a 10 year life and fair value of $23.50. The options vest 1/3rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36th on the 9th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

F-14

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

The Company measures the fair value of stock options on the date of grant, based on a Binomial option pricing model using certain assumptions discussed in the following paragraph, and the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. Stock options granted vest over a three year period and expire ten years from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense related to awards is amortized over the applicable vesting periods using the straight-line method. Share-based compensation expense of $865,158 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The assumptions used in the valuation of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2012 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		1.87	%
Expected term of option		6.5 years
Expected stock price volatility		95.89	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield of Daily U.S. Treasury Yield Curve Rates with terms equal to the expected term of the options as of the grant date.  The expected term of options is determined using the simplified method and the expected stock price volatility is based on comparable companies’ historical stock price volatility since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data because its equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had approximately $2,742,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards granted under the Company’s 2012 Plan, which the Company expects to recognize over approximately a three-year period.

A summary of the stock options activity and related information for the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan for the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2012		-
Grants		175,000		$	30.00		10.00	$	-
Exercised		-
Forfeitures or expirations		(25,000	)		30.00
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		150,000		$	30.00		9.35	$	-
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012		150,000		$	30.00		9.35	$	-
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		-		$	-		-	$	-

The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding tables represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on options with an exercise price less than the Company’s closing stock price of $11.00 as of December 31, 2012, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their options as of that date.

NOTE 11 – STOCK WARRANTS

The following table summarizes information with respect to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company, all of which were exercisable, at December 31, 2012:

Exercise		Number		Expiration
Price		Outstanding		Date
$	8.00		445,209	December 2013
	12.00		445,209	December 2017
$	20.00		15,288	January 2014 to January 2015
	25.00		354,228	January 2017 to March 2019
			1,259,934

F-15

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

On January 20, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 13,750 and 1,538 warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share expiring five and seven years from the date of issuance to convertible debenture holders and debenture placement agents, respectively (see Note 5).

In connection with the January and March 2012 Financing, the Company issued to investors an aggregate of 215,148 and 115,741 warrants, respectively, to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $25.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance. In addition, the Company issued an aggregate of 11,765 and 11,574 warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $25.00 per share expiring seven years from the date of issuance to placement agents. These warrants contained certain anti-dilutive provisions and are covered under a registration rights agreement (see Note 6).

In connection with the December 2012 Financing, the Company issued to investors of 445,209 and 445,209 Class A warrants and Class B warrants, respectively to purchase the Company's common stock. The Class A warrant is exercisable at $12.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance and may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances. The Class B warrant is exercisable at $8.00 per share expiring one year from the date of issuance. These warrants are covered under a registration rights agreement (see Note 8).

NOTE 12 - COMMITMENTS

Operating leases

On September 28, 2010, the Company entered into a five-year lease for office space in New York City, with monthly payments escalating from approximately $10,000 in first year to approximately $11,000 in fifth year. The Company received a rent credit of $9,420 in each of the months of November 2010, December 2010 and January 2011. The Company has posted a letter of credit in the amount of approximately $60,000 for the benefit of the landlord which is collateralized by a money market account (see Note 4 - Restricted Cash).

Future minimum lease payments under the operating lease are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2013	$	127,889
2014		131,513
2015		100,719
	$	360,121

Rent expense charged to operations, which differs from rent paid due to the rent credits and to increasing amounts of base rent, is calculated by allocating total rental payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, rent expense was $116,732 and $128,228, respectively and as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 deferred rent payable was $26,156 and $29,083, respectively.

Consulting agreements

In June 2010, the Company entered into a two-year consulting agreement with L & L Technologies, LLC (“L&L”), an entity controlled by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, for scientific and medical consulting services. In consideration for such services, L&L received $96,000 per annum and 51,310 shares of restricted common stock which were granted at the inception of the agreement. The restricted shares vest as follows: 25% on the grant date (June 4, 2010) and 25% on each of the first and second annual anniversaries of the grant date and, if the consulting agreement is renewed, 25% on the third anniversary of the grant date. Vesting of the unvested 25,655 restricted shares accelerated on October 7, 2011, the date of the Share Exchange. The consulting agreement expired in June 2012.

F-16

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

In June 2010, the Company entered into a two-year consulting agreement with Lederman & Co., LLC (“Lederman & Co”), an entity controlled by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, for clinical development, strategic, management and operational consulting services. In consideration for such services, Lederman & Co will receive $250,000 per annum and 13,090 shares of restricted common stock which were granted at the inception of the agreement. The consulting agreement renews automatically for subsequent terms of one year at $250,000 per annum. The restricted shares vest as follows: 20% on the grant date (June 4, 2010) and 20% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and, if the consulting agreement is renewed, 20% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date. Vesting of the unvested 7,855 restricted shares accelerated on October 7, 2011, the date of the Share Exchange. On August 1, 2011, the cash compensation was reduced to $127,000 per annum. On February 1, 2012, the cash compensation was increased to $250,000 per annum.

During 2011 and 2012, the Company entered into contracts with various contract research organizations for which there are outstanding commitments aggregating approximately $650,000 at December 31, 2012 for future work to be performed.

Employment agreements

In October 2011, the position of Vice President of Strategy was eliminated and in conjunction with this event, the Company paid $37,500 in December 2011 in exchange for the release from future obligations. In February 2012, the Company terminated its employment agreement with its Chief Financial Officer and in accordance with the agreement paid such officer approximately $88,000.

Effective April 1, 2012, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Gershell Agreement”) with Dr. Gershell to serve as Chief Financial Officer. The base salary under the Gershell Agreement is $175,000 per annum, which shall increase to $325,000 per annum upon our consummation of an equity sale of securities in excess of $20 million (the “Gershell Threshold”). The Gershell Agreement provides for at-will employment and can be terminated at any time by either party, provided, however, that if we terminate Dr. Gershell for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Gershell Agreement), then Dr. Gershell shall be entitled to six weeks of severance, which severance payment shall increase to six months if such termination occurs after the Gershell Threshold. In addition, Dr. Gershell is entitled to participate in any and all benefit plans, from time to time, in effect for our employees, along with vacation, sick and holiday pay in accordance with its policies established and in effect from time to time.

Effective April 1, 2012, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Daugherty Agreement”) with Dr. Daugherty to serve as Senior Director of Drug Development. The base salary under the Daugherty Agreement is $140,000 per annum, which shall increase to $220,000 per annum upon our consummation of an equity sale of securities in excess of $20 million (the “Daugherty Threshold”). The Daugherty Agreement provides for at-will employment and can be terminated at any time by either party, provided, however, that if we terminate Dr. Daugherty for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Daugherty Agreement), then Dr. Daugherty shall be entitled to six weeks of severance, which severance payment shall increase to six months if such termination occurs after the Daugherty Threshold. In addition, Dr. Daugherty is entitled to participate in any and all benefit plans, from time to time, in effect for our employees, along with vacation, sick and holiday pay in accordance with its policies established and in effect from time to time.

On October 26, 2012, the Company elected to voluntarily terminate Benjamin Selzer as Chief Operating Officer, Secretary and Treasurer, effective immediately and under the terms of his employment agreement, no severance was paid. In conjunction with the termination, 25,000 unvested options previously issued to Mr. Selzer were cancelled.

NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES

There is no provision for federal or state income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 since the Company has established a valuation allowance equal to the total deferred tax asset related to losses incurred during such periods.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowance as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

	December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets:
Organization costs	$	-		$	733
Research and development credit carryforward (1)		6,188			6,188
Net operating loss carryforwards		5,207,759			2,329,829
Other		147,003			132,482
Total deferred tax assets		5,360,950			2,469,232
Valuation allowance		(5,360,950	)		(2,469,232	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	0		$	0

F-17

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

(1) The Company has incurred research and development (“R&D”) expenses, a portion of which may qualify for tax credits. The Company has not conducted an R&D credit study to quantify the amount of credits and has not claimed an R&D credit on its federal tax returns filed except for $6,188 in 2007. The Company may conduct the study in future years and may establish the R&D credit carryforward for prior years. In such event, the net operating loss carryforward will be correspondingly reduced by the amount of the credit.

Based on the Company's historical losses and its expectation of continuation of losses for the foreseeable future, the Company has determined that it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized and accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The increase in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $2,891,718 and $1,380,642, respectively.

At December 31, 2012, the Company has available unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $12.3 million that expire from 2027 to 2032 for federal tax purposes and the same amount for New Jersey state tax purposes, which expire from 2014 to 2019. The Company also has approximately $11.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards for New York state and New York City purposes expiring from 2030 to 2032. At December 31, 2012, the Company has a research and development carryforward of $6,188 for federal tax purposes that expires in 2027. These net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations in their use in accordance with IRC Section 382. Accordingly, the extent to which such carryforwards can be used to offset future taxable income may be limited.

The Company's federal and state tax returns remain open and subject to examination by the tax authorities for the tax years 2009 and after.

A reconciliation of the effect of applying the federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate used to calculate the Company's income tax provision is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2012			2011
Statutory federal income tax		(34.0	)%		(34.0	)%
State income tax, net of federal tax effect		(10.5	)%		(5.9	)%
Permanent difference		13.9	%		5.0	%
Increase in valuation allowance		30.6	%		34.9	%
Income tax provision		0	%		0	%

NOTE 14 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Dr. Seth Lederman, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Dr. Donald Landry, one of our directors, are the primary founders of the Company. We have entered into various transactions with several companies under their control, including L&L, Plumbline, Targent Pharmaceuticals, LLC and Lederman & Co (see Note 12 – Consulting Agreements). Total expenses paid under these agreements were $300,583 and $294,750 during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

F-18

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011

On September 9, 2011, the Company sold $500,000 principal amount of 8% convertible notes (the “Notes”) to members of the board of directors and their related parties. The Notes were due one year from the date of issuance, and were exchangeable for a future financing (the “New Financing”) at the option of the holders. Interest is payable on either the maturity date or on the date the Notes are exchanged into the New Financing, or such accrued interest can be converted into the New Financing. On October 7, 2011, the Notes were exchanged into debentures issued by the Company concurrently with the Share Exchange (see Note 5). In January 2012, the related party companies received interest on the convertible notes in the aggregate amount of $6,183.

Between October and November 2012, the Company issued promissory notes in the amount of $320,000 in exchange for $320,000 borrowed from six affiliated investors. The Notes bear no interest and were payable on demand.

On November 14, 2012, the Company sold to officers, members of the board of directors and their related parties for aggregate cash proceeds of $390,000, debentures (the “Debentures”) in the principal face amount of $390,000 and the exchange of the promissory notes described above for Debentures in the principal face amount of $320,000. In December 2012, the Debentures were exchanged for the December 2012 Units at a conversion price of $6.00 per share. Interest expense on the Debentures for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $3,155 (See Note 8).

NOTE 15 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 12, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2012 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval. The Amended and Restated 2012 Plan includes amendments which: 1) authorize 550,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance; and 2) prohibit the issuance of any options with terms or features that would cause the options to be nonqualified deferred compensation that fails to comply with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On February 12, 2013, 226,500 options were granted under the Amended and Restated 2012 Plan, with an exercise price of $10.20 and a 10 year life. The exercise price is equal to the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock during the immediate prior 30 calendar day period. The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

On May 1, 2013, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation and effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, whereby 43,182,599 outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were exchanged for 2,159,156 newly issued shares of the Company's common stock. Under the terms of the reverse stock split, fractional shares issuable to stockholders were rounded up to the nearest whole share, resulting in a reverse split slightly less than 1-for-20 in the aggregate. All per share amounts and number of shares (other than authorized shares) in the consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split resulting in the transfer of $41,024 from common stock to additional paid in capital at December 31, 2012.

F-19

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31,			December 31,
	2013			2012
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	423,739		$	1,785,390
Prepaid expenses and other		67,691			224,659
Total current assets		491,430			2,010,049
Furniture and equipment, net		42,756			46,894
Restricted cash		60,289			60,267
Total assets	$	594,475		$	2,117,210
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIENCY) EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, including $26,757 and $6,809 to related parties as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively	$	870,096		$	825,837
Accrued expenses		346,692			309,800
Accrued interest, related party		-			3,155
Total current liabilities		1,216,788			1,138,792
Deferred rent payable		17,424			19,710
Total liabilities		1,234,212			1,158,502
Stockholders' (deficiency) equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 authorized; none issued or outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 authorized; 2,159,156 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012		2,159			2,159
Additional paid in capital		17,203,587			16,800,829
Deficit accumulated during development stage		(17,845,483	)		(15,844,280	)
Total stockholders' (deficiency) equity		(639,737	)		958,708
Total liabilities and stockholders' (deficiency) equity	$	594,475		$	2,117,210

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

F-20

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

							From June 7, 2007
							(date of inception)
	Three months ended March 31,						through
	2013			2012			March 31, 2013
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Research and development	$	740,629		$	397,628		$	5,275,891
General and administrative		1,260,596			762,737			9,593,945
		2,001,225			1,160,365			14,869,836
Operating Loss		(2,001,225	)		(1,160,365	)		(14,869,836	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			7,908
Other income		-			-			1,875
Change in fair value of warrant liability		-			47,023			(1,177,026	)
Interest and other financing costs, net		22			(901,646	)		(1,808,404	)
NET LOSS	$	(2,001,203	)	$	(2,014,988	)	$	(17,845,483	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.93	)	$	(1.27	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		2,159,156			1,582,544

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

F-21

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

							Deficit
							Accumulated
					Additional		During
	Common stock				Paid in		Development
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Stage			Total
Balance at December 31, 2012		2,159,156	$	2,159	$	16,800,829	$	(15,844,280	)	$	958,708
Stock based compensation		-		-		392,323		-			392,323
Warrants issued for services rendered		-		-		10,435		-			10,435
Net loss		-		-		-		(2,001,203	)		(2,001,203	)
Balance at March 31, 2013		2,159,156	$	2,159	$	17,203,587	$	(17,845,483	)	$	(639,737	)

See the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

F-22

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

							From June 7, 2007
							(date of inception)
	Three months ended March 31,						Through
	2013			2012			March 31, 2013
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(2,001,203	)	$	(2,014,988	)	$	(17,845,483	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		4,138			2,354			35,779
Amortization and write off of deferred financing costs		-			196,166			249,543
Non cash interest, consisting of beneficial conversion feature in connection with convertible debentures		-			426,152			710,000
Non cash interest, consisting of common stock and warrants issued in connection with convertible debentures		-			81,337			426,152
Non-cash financing costs related to January and March 2012 financing		-			-			81,337
Warrants issued for services rendered		10,435			-			10,435
Stock based compensation		392,323			-			1,944,194
Change in fair value of warrant liability		-			(47,023	)		1,177,026
Common stock issued in exchange for intellectual property		-			-			383,250
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			(7,908	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses		156,968			38,383			(67,691	)
Accounts payable		44,259			(512,790	)		870,096
Accrued interest		(3,155	)		(35,195	)		3,111
Accrued expenses		35,993			88,503			440,058
Deferred rent payable		(1,387	)		(513	)		24,769
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,361,629	)		(1,777,614	)		(11,565,332	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of furniture and fixtures		-			-			(78,535	)
Payment of restricted cash and interest earned on restricted cash		(22	)		(22	)		(60,289	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(22	)		(22	)		(138,824	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from demand notes		-			-			480,000
Proceeds from other notes payable		-			-			1,020,000
Proceeds, net of expenses of $24,000 from Convertible Debentures		-			-			1,891,000
Repayment of Convertible Debentures		-			(150,000	)		(150,000	)
Proceeds, net of expenses of $374,870, from sale of units consisting of common stock and warrants		-			4,387,895			6,932,894
Proceeds from the sale of capital stock		-			-			1,954,001
Net cash provided by financing activities		-			4,237,895			12,127,895
Net (decrease) increase in cash		(1,361,651	)		2,460,259			423,739
Cash, beginning of the period		1,785,390			41,123			-
Cash, end of period	$	423,739		$	2,501,382		$	423,739
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	3,155		$	35,195		$	38,350
Non cash investing and financing activities:
Senior convertible notes exchanged for preferred shares	$	-		$	-		$	200,000
Capital contribution of accrued interest	$	-		$	-		$	26,836
Demand notes together with accrued interest converted into capital stock	$	-		$	-		$	549,078
Common stock issued for deferred financing costs	$	-		$	-		$	144,000
Exchange of Notes Payable for Convertible Debenture	$	-		$	-		$	820,000
Warrants Liability reclassified to Stockholders' Equity	$	-		$	-		$	3,938,946
Exchange of Convertible Debenture for Units consisting of common stock and warrants	$	-		$	-		$	2,635,000

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

F-23

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2013 AND 2012 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – BUSINESS AND RECAPITALIZATION

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., through its wholly owned subsidiary Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Tonix Sub, is attempting to develop safer and more effective versions of widely prescribed central nervous system ("CNS") drugs. While some new applications can use the commercially available form of the drug, in other cases, reformulating the active ingredient improves its safety or effectiveness in treating the CNS condition. When formal development programs have proven successful in clinical tests, Tonix Sub intends to seek marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA").

On August 16, 2010, Tonix Sub formed Krele LLC ("Krele") in the state of Delaware. Krele is a limited liability corporation whose sole member is Tonix Sub. Krele was established to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate new drug application products or versions of drug efficacy study implementation products. The Company expects that its relationship to Krele will be similar to that of several other pharmaceutical companies and their subsidiaries that market generic versions of the parent's branded products at different periods in their product life-cycle.

On October 7, 2011, Tonix Sub (formerly Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. incorporated on June 7, 2007 in the State of Delaware) and a publicly traded non-operating shell company Tamandare Explorations Inc. (“Tamandare”), incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada, along with certain other parties executed and consummated a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange”). Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Sub’s common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and each share of Tonix Sub’s Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of Tamandare’s common stock. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Sub shareholders, including holders of restricted shares, which were subject to accelerated vesting, received in exchange for all of their shares, an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and Tamandare’s existing stockholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Sub shareholders constituted approximately 85% of Tamandare’s 1,333,334 issued and outstanding shares of common stock after the Share Exchange. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Sub became Tamandare’s wholly-owned subsidiary and in October 2011 Tamandare was renamed Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. As the owners and management of Tonix Sub obtained voting and operating control of Tamandare after the Share Exchange and Tamandare was non-operating, had no assets or liabilities and did not meet the definition of a business, the transaction has been accounted for as a recapitalization of Tonix Sub, accompanied by the issuance of its common stock for outstanding common stock of Tamandare, which was recorded at a nominal value. The accompanying financial statements and related notes give retroactive effect to the recapitalization as if it had occurred on June 7, 2007 (inception date) and accordingly all share and per share amounts have been adjusted.

Tonix Pharmaceutical Holding Corp. and its subsidiaries are hereafter referred to as the “Company”.

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 contained herein has been derived from audited financial statements.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 11, 2013.

F-24

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2013 AND 2012 (UNAUDITED)

Basis of presentation

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties; the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future operations. In addition, the Company has working capital and stockholders' deficiencies as of March 31, 2013. The Company requires additional financing, for which there are no existing commitments, to fund its working capital deficiency and future operations. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and there is no assurance that if approval of its products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company expects that cash used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years and it is the Company's intent to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and may be required to reduce or cease operations.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the useful life of fixed assets and assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation.

Research and development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses these costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing products for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Income taxes

Income tax provisions or benefits for interim periods are computed based on the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate. Based on the Company's historical losses and its expectation of continuation of losses for the foreseeable future, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized and, accordingly, has provided a full valuation allowance. As the Company anticipates or anticipated that its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 would be fully offset by a valuation allowance, there is no federal or state income tax benefit for the periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 related to losses incurred during such periods.

Per share data

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (see Note 3).

As of March 31, 2013, there are outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,270,732 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 5). In addition, the Company has issued to employees, options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock of which 376,500 were outstanding at March 31, 2013 (see Note 4). In computing diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

F-25

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2013 AND 2012 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 3 – REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

On May 1, 2013, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation and effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, whereby 43,182,599 outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were exchanged for 2,159,156 newly issued shares of the Company's common stock. Under the terms of the reverse stock split, fractional shares issuable to stockholders were rounded up to the nearest whole share, resulting in a reverse split slightly less than 1-for-20 in the aggregate. All per share amounts and number of shares (other than authorized shares) in the consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split resulting in the transfer of $41,024 from common stock to additional paid in capital at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

NOTE 4 – STOCK OPTIONS

2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan

On February 12, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan provides for the issuance of options to purchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. Under the terms of the 2012 Plan, the Company may issue Incentive Stock Options as defined by the Internal Revenue Code to employees of the Company and may also issue nonstatutory options to employees and others. The Board of Directors of the Company determines the exercise price, vesting and expiration period of the grants under the 2012 Plan. However, the exercise price of an Incentive Stock Option may not be less than 110% of fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant for a 10% or more stockholder and 100% of fair value for a grantee who is not a 10% stockholder. The fair value of the common stock is determined based on quoted market price or in absence of such quoted market price, by the Board of Directors in good faith. Additionally, the vesting period of the grants under the 2012 Plan may not be more than five years and expiration period not more than ten years. The Company reserved 200,000 shares of its common stock for future issuance under the terms of the 2012 Plan. On May 9, 2012, 175,000 options had been granted under the 2012 Plan (of which 150,000 were outstanding at March 31, 2013) with an exercise price of $30.00, a 10 year life and fair value of $23.50. The options vest 1/3rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36th on the 9th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

On February 12, 2013, the Company’s board of directors approved the Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2012 Plan”) to increase the number of shares reserved under the plan to 550,000. On February 12, 2013, 226,500 options were granted under the Amended and Restated 2012 Plan (all of which were outstanding at March 31, 2013) with an exercise price of $10.20, a 10 year life and fair value of $7.83. The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

The Company measures the fair value of stock options on the date of grant, based on a Binomial option pricing model using certain assumptions discussed in the following paragraph, and the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. Stock options granted vest over a three year period and expire ten years from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense related to awards is amortized over the applicable vesting period using the straight-line method.

The assumptions used in the valuation of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		2.02	%
Expected term of option		6.0 years
Expected stock price volatility		99.96	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield of Daily U.S. Treasury Yield Curve Rates with terms equal to the expected life of the options as of the grant date.  The expected term of options are determined using the simplified method and the expected stock price volatility is based on comparable companies’ historical stock price volatility since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data because its equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time.

F-26

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2013 AND 2012 (UNAUDITED)

Share-based compensation expense of $392,323 was recognized for the three month period ended March 31, 2013.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company had approximately $4,122,995 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards granted under the Company’s option plan, which the Company expects to recognize over approximately a three-year period.

NOTE 5 – STOCK WARRANTS

The following table summarizes information with respect to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company at March 31, 2013:

Exercise		Number		Number		Expiration
Price		Outstanding		Vested		Date
$	8.00		445,209		445,209		December 2013
	12.00		456,008		447,908		December 2017 to January 2018
	20.00		15,288		15,288		January 2014 to January 2015
	25.00		354,227		354,227		January 2017 to March 2019
			1,270,732		1,262,632

On January 1, 2013, the Company issued warrants to non-employees to purchase 10,800 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance vesting ratably over twelve months beginning January 1, 2013 in connection with services.

The Company measures the fair value of the vested portion of the issued warrants based on a Binomial option pricing model using certain assumptions discussed in the following paragraph, and the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the fair value determination.

The assumptions used in the valuation of warrants which vested during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		0.77	%
Life of warrant		5 years
Expected stock price volatility		102.46	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield of Daily U.S. Treasury Yield Curve Rates with terms equal to the life of the warrants as of the grant date. The expected stock price volatility is based on comparable companies’ historical stock price volatility since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data because its equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time.

Compensation of $10,435 related to vested warrants was recognized for the three month period ended March 31, 2013.

As of March 31, 2013, unrecognized compensation related to unvested warrants based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on such date was $31,306.

NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has entered into an agreement with Lederman & Co., LLC (“Lederman & Co”), a company under the control of Dr. Seth Lederman, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Effective February 1, 2012, Lederman & Co receives $250,000 per annum for its consulting services. The agreement renews automatically for subsequent terms of one year at $250,000 per annum. Total expenses paid under this agreement were $62,500 and $76,250 during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

F-27

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(a development stage company)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2013 AND 2012 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 7 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 26, 2013, the Company issued an aggregate of 38,334 shares of common stock in exchange for $306,667 upon exercise of warrants.

F-28

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

1,920,000 Units

Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock

and

One Series A Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock

PROSPECTUS

Roth Capital Partners

National Securities Corporation

__________________ , 2013

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.

The following table sets forth the various expenses to be incurred in connection with the registration of the securities being registered hereby, all of which will be borne by the registrant. All amounts shown are estimates except the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the NASDAQ listing fee.

SEC registration fee	$	3,339
FINRA filing fee	$	4,723
NASDAQ listing fee	$	50,000
Legal fees and expenses	$	250,000
Accounting fees and expenses	$	75,000
Transfer agent fees and expenses	$	3,000
Printing and engraving expenses	$	5,000
Miscellaneous expenses	$	10,437
Total	$	400,000

ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

Our bylaws, as amended, provide to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law, our directors or officers shall not be personally liable to us or our shareholders for damages for breach of such director's or officer's fiduciary duty. The effect of this provision of our bylaws, as amended, is to eliminate our right and our shareholders (through shareholders' derivative suits on behalf of our company) to recover damages against a director or officer for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director or officer (including breaches resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior), except under certain situations defined by statute. We believe that the indemnification provisions in our bylaws, as amended, are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.

During the past three years, the registrant has sold the following securities which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On October 7, 2011, we issued 1,133,334 shares of our common stock to the shareholders of Tonix Sub in exchange for 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Tonix Sub. The shares were issued to accredited investors pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D or non-U.S. Persons pursuant to Rule 903 of Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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On October 7, 2011, we issued 20,000 shares of our common stock to a placement agent in connection with an amendment to a placement agent agreement. The shares were issued to an accredited investor pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D or Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Between October and November 2011, we sold to certain investors (the “Purchasers”) for aggregate cash proceeds of $1,575,000, secured convertible debentures (the “Debentures”) in the principal face amount of $1,575,000 and the exchange of $500,000 in previously issued notes of Tonix Sub that were converted into Debentures in the principal face amount of $500,000 (the “2011 Financing”). The Debentures were sold to accredited investors pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D or non-U.S. Persons pursuant to Rule 903 of Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The Debentures mature on the earlier of (i) one year from the date of issuance or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which we receive gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $3,425,000 (a “Subsequent Financing”). The Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum and are convertible at the holder’s option into a Subsequent Financing. In the event that a Subsequent Financing has not occurred within 12 months from the date of issuance of the Debenture, the holder has the option to convert the Debenture into a number of shares of our common stock equal to 1% of our shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis for every $125,000 of Debentures (the “Conversion Shares”).

In addition, upon conversion or repayment of the Debenture, the holder is entitled to receive, at the holder’s option, either (i) a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase such number of shares of common stock equal to the principal amount of the Debenture divided by the offering price in a Subsequent Financing (the “Warrant Shares”) or (ii) shares of our common stock equal to 33% of the principal amount of the Debenture divided by the offering price in a Subsequent Financing (the “Incentive Shares”).

In connection with the 2011 Financing, placement agents earned warrants to purchase shares of our common stock equal to 3% or 9% of the gross proceeds delivered by Purchasers introduced by such placement agents in the 2011 Financing divided by the purchase price per share in the Subsequent Financing (collectively, the “2011 Agent Warrants”). In the event that the Subsequent Financing has not occurred within 12 months from the date of issuance of the Debentures, the placement agents will receive, in lieu of the 2011 Agent Warrants, shares of common stock equal to 3% or 9% of the number of shares of our common stock such Purchasers introduced by such placement agent in the 2011 Financing are entitled to receive upon conversion of their Debentures.

Between January and March, 2012, we consummated the 2012 Financing pursuant to which we issued an aggregate of 264.7106 Units to certain investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $4,692,765 and the exchange of $1,925,000 in previously issued debentures that were converted into Units.

Each Unit had a purchase price of $25,000 per Unit and consisted of 1,250 shares of our Common Stock, 1,250 Class A Warrants and 1,250 Class B Warrants.

The Class A Warrants have an exercise price of $25.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The Class B Warrants were not exercisable by the Purchasers and would be exercised automatically on their expiration date by cashless exercise or expire without exercise. Effective April 24, 2012, the Class B Warrants expired unexercised.

In connection with the Financing, we issued Dawson James 23,339 2012 Agent Warrants.

Between October and November 2012, we issued promissory notes in the amount of $320,000 (the “Notes”) in exchange for $320,000 borrowed from six affiliated investors. The Notes bear no interest and were payable on demand.

On November 14, 2012, we sold to accredited investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $390,000, convertible debentures (the “Debentures”) in the principal face amount of $390,000 and the exchange of the Notes for Debentures in the principal face amount of $320,000.

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The Debentures mature on the earlier of (i) November 14, 2013 or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which we receive gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $100,000 (a “Subsequent Financing”). The Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum and are convertible at the holder’s option into either (i) a Subsequent Financing at a price equal to a 25% discount to the price of securities sold in the Subsequent Financing or (ii) shares of our common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $20.00.

In December 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 8,904,167 units to certain accredited investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $2,615,000, at a price per Unit of $0.40, and the exchange of $710,000 in previously issued convertible debentures (the “Prior Debentures”) of the Company that were converted into Units at a price of $0.30 per Unit.

Each Unit consisted of 0.05 share of the Common Stock, a Class A Warrant to purchase 0.05 share of Common Stock (the “Class A Warrants”), and a Class B Warrant to purchase 0.05 share of Common Stock (the “Class B Warrants” and together with the Class A Warrants, the “Warrants”).The Class A Warrants have an exercise price of $12.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The Class A Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances. The Class B Warrants have an exercise price of $8.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of one year from the date of issuance.

On April 26, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 38,334 shares of common stock in exchange for $306,667 upon exercise of warrants.

ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

The following exhibits are included as part of this Form S-1. References to “the Company” in this Exhibit List mean Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation.

1.01	Form of Underwriting Agreement.
2.01	Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2011 by and among Tamandare Explorations Inc., David J. Moss, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the shareholders of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.01	Articles of Incorporation, filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the Commission on April 9, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.02	Articles of Merger between Tamandare Explorations Inc. and Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., effective October 11, 2011, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 17, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.03	Amended and Restated Bylaws, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on February 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.01	Form of Series A Warrant.
4.02	Form of Underwriters Warrant.
5.01	Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP.
10.01	Feasibility and Option Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2007, by and between Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and Lipocine, Inc., filed as an exhibit to the amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the Commission on April 3, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference. †

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10.02	Consulting Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2010, by and between Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and Lederman & Co., LLC, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.03	Technology Transfer and Assignment Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2010, by and between Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and Lederman & Co., LLC, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.04	Lease Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2010, by and between 509 Madison Avenue Associates, L.P. and Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed as an exhibit to the amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the Commission on February 3, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.05	Amendment to Feasibility and Option Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2010, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Lipocine, Inc., filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference. †
10.06	Engagement Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2010, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Frost and Sullivan, filed as an exhibit to the amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the Commission on April 3, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.07	Amendment to Consulting Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2010, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Lederman & Co., LLC, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.08	Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Rhonda Rosen, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.09	Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Benjamin A. Selzer, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.10	Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Susan Oliver (now, Susan Kerridge), filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.11	API Supply and Development Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and JFC Technologies, Inc., filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.12	Consulting Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Pharmanet Canada, Inc., filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13	Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Rhonda Rosen, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.14	Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Benjamin A. Selzer, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.15	Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Susan Oliver (now, Susan Kerridge), filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.

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10.16	Financial Public Relations Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Porter, LeVay & Rose, Inc., filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.17	Form of 8% Secured Convertible Debenture, issued October 7, 2011, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.18	Form of Subscription Agreement, dated October 7, 2011, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.19	Form of Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2011, by and among Tamandare Explorations Inc., Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Krele LLC and the investors, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.20	Form of Subsidiary Guaranty, dated as of October 7, 2011, by and among Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Krele LLC and Sandor Capital Master Fund L.P., on behalf of the investors, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.21	Form of Subscription Agreement, dated January 20, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.22	Form of Class A Warrant, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.23	Form of Class B Warrant, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.24	Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 20, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.25	Amendment to Consulting Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2012 but effective as of July 27, 2011, by and between Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Lederman & Co., LLC, filed as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 30, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.26	Employment Agreement, between Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and Leland Gershell, dated April 1, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 5, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.27	Employment Agreement, between Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and Benjamin Selzer, dated April 2, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 5, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.28	Amendment to Employment Agreement, between Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and Benjamin Selzer, dated October 5, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on October 10, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.29	Form of Subscription Agreement, dated November 13, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 14, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.

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10.30	Form of Convertible Debenture, dated November 13, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 14, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.31	Form of Subscription Agreement, dated December 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 5, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.32	Form of Class A Warrant, dated December 4, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 5, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.33	Form of Class B Warrant, dated December 4, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 5, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.34	Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 5, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.35	Form of Class A Warrant, dated December 21, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.36	Form of Class B Warrant, dated December 21, 2012, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.37	Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement, Registration Rights Agreement and Escrow Agreement, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
21.01	List of Subsidiaries, filed as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the Commission on May 10, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
23.01	Consent of EisnerAmper LLP.
23.02	Consent of Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP (included in Exhibit 5.01).
24.01	Power of Attorney (included in signature page to the Registration Statement filed on May 10, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference).
99.01	Frost & Sullivan Fibromyalgia Market Study, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
99.02	Lipocine Cyclobenzaprine Study Results, filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 14, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.

101 INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101 SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101 CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101 LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document .
101 PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
101 DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

† Confidential treatment granted for certain confidential portions of this exhibit pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Exchange Act. In accordance with Rule 24b-2, these confidential portions have been omitted from this exhibit and filed separately with the Commission.

ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS.

(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

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(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent posteffective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of this chapter) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(5)    (ii) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(6) For the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

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(h) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities, other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred and paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding, is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereby, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 (i) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that it will:

(1) for determining any liability under the Securities Act, treat the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1), or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act as part of this registration statement as of the time the Commission declared it effective.

(2) for determining any liability under the Securities Act, treat each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus as a new registration statement for the securities offered in the registration statement, and that offering of the securities at that time as the initial bona fide offering of those securities.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on this 20th day of June, 2013.

	TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.
Date:  June 20, 2013	By:	/s/ SETH LEDERMAN
		Seth Lederman
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:  June 20, 2013	By:	/s/ LELAND GERSHELL
		Leland Gershell
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ SETH LEDERMAN	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director	June 20, 2013
Seth Lederman
/s/ LELAND GERSHELL	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)	June 20, 2013
Leland Gershell
*	Director	June 20, 2013
Stuart Davidson
*	Director	June 20, 2013
Patrick Grace
*	Director	June 20, 2013
Donald W. Landry
*	Director	June 20, 2013
Ernest Mario
*	Director	June 20, 2013
Charles Mather IV
*	Director	June 20, 2013
John Rhodes
*	Director	June 20, 2013
Samuel Saks

*By:	/s/ SETH LEDERMAN
Seth Lederman
Attorney-in-fact

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EX-1.01

Exhibit 1.01

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

____________ Units

Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock

and

One Series A Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

_________ __, 2013

Roth Capital Partners, LLC

888 San Clemente Drive

Newport Beach, CA 92660

National Securities Corporation

120 Broadway, 27^th Floor

New York, NY 10271

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue and sell to the several underwriters named on Schedule I hereto (the “Underwriters,” or each, an “Underwriter”) an aggregate of _________ units (the “Firm Units”), each Firm Unit consisting of (i) one share (the “Firm Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company and (ii) one Series A warrant (the “Firm Warrants”) to purchase one share of Common Stock (the “Firm Warrant Shares”). The Company has granted the Underwriters the option to purchase an aggregate of up to (a) _________ units (the “Option Units”), each Option Unit consisting of (1) one share (the “Option Shares”) of Common Stock and (2) one Series A warrant (the “Option Warrants”) to purchase one share of Common Stock (the “Option Warrant Shares” and together with the Firm Warrant Shares, the “Warrant Shares”), (b) _________ Option Shares and/or (c) Option Warrants to purchase up to ________ Option Warrant Shares, in each case, as may be necessary to cover over-allotments made in connection with the offering. The Firm Units and the Option Units are collectively referred to as the “Units”, the Firm Shares and the Option Shares are collectively referred to as the “Shares” and the Firm Warrants and the Option Warrants are collectively referred to as the “Warrants”. The Units, the Shares, the Warrants, the Warrant Shares, the Underwriter Warrants (as defined below) and the Underwriter Warrant Shares (as defined below) are collectively referred to as the “Securities”. The Option Units, the Option Shares and the Option Warrants may be sold either together or separately in any combination to be determined by the Underwriters. The Shares and the Warrants shall be immediately separable and transferable upon issuance. The terms of the Warrants are set forth in the form of Warrant attached as Exhibit A hereto.

The Company and the several Underwriters hereby confirm their agreement as follows:

1.Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-188547) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Commission thereunder, and such amendments to such registration statement (including post effective amendments) as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. Such registration statement, as amended (including any post effective amendments), has been declared effective by the Commission. Such registration statement, including amendments thereto (including post effective amendments thereto) at the time of effectiveness thereof (the “Effective Time”), the exhibits and any schedules thereto at the Effective Time or thereafter during the period of effectiveness and the documents and information otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein by the Securities Act or otherwise pursuant to the Rules and Regulations at the Effective Time or thereafter during the period of effectiveness, is herein called the “Registration Statement.” If the Company has filed or files an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “Rule 462 Registration Statement”), then any reference herein to the term Registration Statement shall include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. Any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act is hereinafter called a “Preliminary Prospectus.” The Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Securities that was included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to the pricing of the offering contemplated hereby is hereinafter called the “Pricing Prospectus.”

The Company is filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act a final prospectus relating to the Securities, which includes the information permitted to be omitted therefrom at the Effective Time by Rule 430A under the Securities Act, and such final prospectus, as filed, is hereinafter called the “Final Prospectus.” The Final Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus and any preliminary prospectus in the form in which they were included in the Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act is hereinafter called a “Prospectus.”

For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Rule 462 Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus, the Final Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Interactive Data Electronic Applications system.

2.Representations and Warranties of the Company Regarding the Offering.

(a)The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the several Underwriters, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (as defined in Section 4(c) below) and as of each Option Closing Date (as defined in Section 4(b) below), except as otherwise indicated, as follows:

(i)At each time of effectiveness, at the date hereof and at the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any, the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto complied or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not, does not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Time of Sale Disclosure Package (as defined in Section 2(a)(iii)(A)(1) below) as of the date hereof, at the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any, and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, as of its date, at the time of filing pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act and at the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any, does not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the two immediately preceding sentences shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or any Prospectus in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter specifically for use in the preparation thereof, which written information is described in Section 7(f). The Registration Statement contains all exhibits and schedules required to be filed by the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations. No order preventing or suspending the effectiveness or use of the Registration Statement or any Prospectus is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission.

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(ii)The Company has not distributed any prospectus or other offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the Time of Sale Disclosure Package.

(iii)(A) The Company has provided a copy to the Underwriters of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) used in the sale of the Securities.  The Company has filed all Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses required to be so filed with the Commission, and no order preventing or suspending the effectiveness or use of any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission.  When taken together with the rest of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectus, since its first use and at all relevant times since then, no Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has, does or will include (1) any untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or (2) information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Final Prospectus. The representations and warranties set forth in the immediately preceding sentence shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter specifically for use in the preparation thereof.  As used in this paragraph and elsewhere in this Agreement:

(1) “Time of Sale Disclosure Package” means the Pricing Prospectus, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and the description of the transaction provided by the Underwriters included on Schedule II.

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(2) “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, relating to the Securities that (A) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, or (B) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) or (d)(8) under the Securities Act, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

(B) At the time of filing of the Registration Statement and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act or an “excluded issuer” as defined in Rule 164 under the Securities Act.

(C) Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus satisfied, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below in Section 4(a)(i)), all other conditions as may be applicable to its use as set forth in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act, including any legend, record-keeping or other requirements.

(iv)The financial statements of the Company, together with the related notes, included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and fairly present the financial condition of the Company as of the dates indicated and the results of operations and changes in cash flows for the periods therein specified in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied throughout the periods involved; and the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus has been properly compiled and prepared in all material respects in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and include all adjustments necessary to present fairly in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles the pro forma and as adjusted financial position of the respective entity or entities presented therein at the respective dates indicated and their cash flows and the results of operations for the respective periods specified. The assumptions used in preparing the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant effects directly attributable to the transactions or events described therein. The related pro forma and pro forma as adjusted adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions; and the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information reflect the proper application of those adjustments to the corresponding historical financial statement amounts. No other financial statements, pro forma financial information or schedules are required under the Securities Act to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectus.

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(v)To the Company’s knowledge, EisnerAmper LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements and schedules filed as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, is an independent public accounting firm with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations.

(vi)The Company had a reasonable basis for, and made in good faith, each “forward-looking statement” (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act or Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus, in each case at the time such “forward-looking statement” was made.

(vii)All statistical or market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectus, are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably believes to be reliable and accurate, and the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources, to the extent required, other than such consents the failure of which to obtain is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect (as defined below in Section 3(a)(i)).

(viii)The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no action pending by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, by the NASDAQ Capital Market to delist the Common Stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, nor has the Company received any notification that the NASDAQ Capital Market is contemplating terminating such listing.

(ix)The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action that is designed to or that has constituted or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.

(x)The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Securities and the application of the net proceeds thereof, will not be an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(b)Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company and delivered to the Underwriters or to the Underwriters’ counsel shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby.

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3.Representations and Warranties Regarding the Company.

(a)The Company represents and warrants to and agrees with, the several Underwriters, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (as defined in Section 4(c) below) and as of each Option Closing Date (as defined in Section 4(b) below), except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, as follows:

(i)Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation or other entity in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has the power and authority (corporate or otherwise) to own its properties and conduct its business as currently being carried on and as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation or other entity in good standing in each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases real property or in which the conduct of its business makes such qualification necessary and in which the failure to so qualify would have or is reasonably likely to result in a material adverse effect upon the business, prospects, properties, operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or in its ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement (“Material Adverse Effect”). Except for those of the Company’s subsidiaries set forth on Schedule III attached hereto, none of the Company’s subsidiaries is a “significant subsidiary” (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act).

(ii)The Company has the power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the Warrants and the Underwriter Warrants (as defined below) and to authorize, issue and sell the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement. Each of this Agreement, the Warrants and the Underwriter Warrants has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, and constitutes a valid, legal and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnity hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws and except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to general principles of equity.

(iii)The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Warrants and the Underwriter Warrants and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated will not (A) result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, any law, order, rule or regulation to which the Company or any subsidiary is subject, or by which any property or asset of the Company or any subsidiary is bound or affected, except to the extent such breach, violation or default is not reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, (B) conflict with, result in any violation or breach of, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any right of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) (a “Default Acceleration Event”) of, any agreement, lease, credit facility, debt, note, bond, mortgage, indenture or other instrument (the “Contracts”) or obligation or other understanding to which the Company or any subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any subsidiary is bound or affected, except to the extent that such conflict, default or Default Acceleration Event is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (C) result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, the Company’s articles of incorporation, as amended, or by-laws, as amended.

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(iv)Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation, breach or default under its articles of incorporation, as amended, by-laws, as amended, or other equivalent organizational or governing documents, except where the violation, breach or default in the case of a subsidiary of the Company is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(v)No consents, approvals, orders, authorizations or filings are required on the part of the Company and its subsidiaries in connection with the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the Warrants and the Underwriter Warrants and the issue and sale of the Securities, except (A) the registration under the Securities Act of the Securities, (B) such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state or foreign securities or Blue Sky laws and the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Securities by the several Underwriters, (C) the necessary filings and approvals from the NASDAQ Capital Market to list the Shares and the Warrant Shares and (D) such consents, approvals, orders, authorizations and filings the failure of which to make or obtain is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(vi)The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and have been issued in compliance with all applicable securities laws, and conform in all material respects to the description thereof in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims. Except for the issuances of options or restricted stock in the ordinary course of business, since the respective dates as of which information is provided in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, the Company has not entered into or granted any convertible or exchangeable securities, options, warrants, agreements, contracts or other rights in existence to purchase or acquire from the Company any shares of the capital stock of the Company. The Shares, when issued, will be duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, will be issued in compliance with all applicable securities laws, and will be free of preemptive, registration or similar rights and will conform to the description of the capital stock of the Company contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The Warrant Shares and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Underwriter Warrants (the “Underwriter Warrant Shares”), when issued, paid for and delivered upon due exercise of the Warrants, will be duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, will be issued in compliance with all applicable securities laws, and will be free of preemptive, registration or similar rights. The Warrant Shares and the Underwriter Warrant Shares have been reserved for issuance. The Securities, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

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(vii)Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has (A) filed all returns (as hereinafter defined) required to be filed with taxing authorities prior to the date hereof or has duly obtained extensions of time for the filing thereof and (B) paid all taxes (as hereinafter defined) shown as due on such returns that were filed and has paid all taxes imposed on or assessed against the Company or such respective subsidiary, except, in all cases, for any such amounts that the Company or any subsidiary is contesting in good faith and except in any case in which the failure to so file or pay would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. No issues have been raised and are currently pending by any taxing authority in connection with any of the returns or taxes asserted as due from the Company or its subsidiaries, and no waivers of statutes of limitation with respect to the returns or collection of taxes have been given by or requested from the Company or its subsidiaries. The term “taxes” mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges of any kind whatever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.

(viii)Since the respective dates as of which information is given (including by incorporation by reference) in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (a) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions other than in the ordinary course of business and (b) the Company has not declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock, there has not been any change in the capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (other than a change in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants or the issuance of restricted stock awards or restricted stock units under the Company’s existing stock awards plan, or any new grants thereof in the ordinary course of business), (d) there has not been any material change in the Company’s long-term or short-term debt, and (e) there has not been the occurrence of any Material Adverse Effect.

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(ix)Except as a set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is not pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, any action, suit or proceeding to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any property or assets of the Company or its subsidiaries is the subject before or by any court or governmental agency, authority or body, or any arbitrator or mediator, which is reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect or adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(x)The Company and each of its subsidiaries holds, and is in compliance with, all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, certificates and orders (“Permits”) of any governmental or self-regulatory agency, authority or body required for the conduct of its business, and all such Permits are in full force and effect, in each case except where the failure to hold, or comply with, any of them is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xi)The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all property (whether real or personal) described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus as being owned by them that is material to the business of the Company, in each case free and clear of all liens, claims, security interests, other encumbrances or defects, except those that are not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The property held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries is held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with only such exceptions with respect to any particular lease as do not interfere in any material respect with the conduct of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries.

(xii)The Company and each of its subsidiaries owns or possesses or has valid right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets and similar rights (“Intellectual Property”) necessary for the conduct of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. To the knowledge of the Company, no action or use by the Company or any of its subsidiaries will involve or give rise to any infringement of, or license or similar fees for, any Intellectual Property of others, except where such action, use, license or fee is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice alleging any such infringement or fee.

(xiii)The Company and each of its subsidiaries has complied with, is not in violation of, and has not received any notice of violation relating to any law, rule or regulation relating to the conduct of its business, or the ownership or operation of its property and assets, including, without limitation, (A) the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, or any money laundering laws, rules or regulations, (B) any laws, rules or regulations related to health, safety or the environment, including those relating to the regulation of hazardous substances, (C) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (D) the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and the rules and regulations thereunder, and (E) the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the rules and regulations thereunder, in each case except where the failure to be in compliance is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

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(xiv)Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, employee, representative, agent or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Securities contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

(xv)The Company and each of its subsidiaries carries, or is covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as, in the Company’s reasonable judgment, is adequate for the conduct of its business and the value of its properties and as is customary for similarly sized companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.

(xvi)No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent, that is reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xvii)Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company, its subsidiaries nor, to its knowledge, any other party is in violation, breach or default of any Contract that is reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xviii) No supplier, customer, distributor or sales agent of the Company has notified the Company that it intends to discontinue or decrease the rate of business done with the Company, except where such decrease is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xix)There are no claims, payments, issuances, arrangements or understandings for services in the nature of a finder’s, consulting or origination fee with respect to the introduction of the Company to any Underwriter or the sale of the Securities hereunder or any other arrangements, agreements, understandings, payments or issuances with respect to the Company that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation, as determined by FINRA.

(xx)Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, investing fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who provided capital to the Company, (ii) any FINRA member, or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member within the 12-month period prior to the date on which the Registration Statement was filed with the Commission (“Filing Date”) or thereafter.

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(xxi)None of the net proceeds of the offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or any affiliate or associate of any participating FINRA member, except as specifically authorized herein.

(xxii)Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, to the Company’s knowledge, no (i) officer or director of the Company or its subsidiaries, (ii) owner of 5% or more of the Company’s unregistered securities or that of its subsidiaries or (iii) owner of any amount of the Company’s unregistered securities acquired within the 180-day period prior to the Filing Date, has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member. The Company will advise the Underwriters and their counsel if it becomes aware that any officer, director or stockholder of the Company or its subsidiaries is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the offering.

(xxiii)Other than the Underwriters, no person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby.

(xxiv)The statements set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Description of Securities” insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Securities and under the captions “Business - Government Regulation”, “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions”, and “Underwriting”, insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate, complete and fair.

(xxv)Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right (other than rights which have been waived in writing or otherwise satisfied) to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such person or to require the Company to include such securities in the securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act.

(xxvi)Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not sold or issued any shares of Common Stock during the six-month period preceding the date of the Prospectus, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulations D or S of, the Securities Act, other than shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, stock option plans or other employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants.

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(xxvii)The Company and each of its subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all, and have not violated any, laws, regulations, ordinances, rules, orders, judgments, decrees, permits or other legal requirements of any governmental authority, including without limitation any international, national, state, provincial, regional, or local authority, relating to the protection of human health or safety, the environment, or natural resources, or to hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (including, without limitation, all health and safety laws) (“Environmental Laws”) applicable to such entity, which compliance includes, without limitation, obtaining, maintaining and complying with all permits and authorizations and approvals required by Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except where the failure to comply would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, and (ii) have not received notice of any actual or alleged violation of Environmental Laws, or of any potential liability for or other obligation concerning the presence, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants.

(A) There are no proceedings that are pending, or known to be contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under Environmental Laws in which a governmental authority is also a party.

(B) The Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any existing liabilities concerning hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its subsidiaries.

(C) To the knowledge of the Company, no property which is or has been owned, leased, used, operated or occupied by the Company or its subsidiaries has been designated as a Superfund site pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation of Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 U.S.C. Section 9601, et. seq.), or otherwise designated as a contaminated site under applicable state or local law.

(xxviii)The Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that complies in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting.

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(xxix)Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(xxx)The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within those entities; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(xxxi)The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are being conducted in material compliance with applicable employment laws, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Employee Benefit Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Employee Benefit Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(xxxii)Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, nor any director, officer, or employee, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any agent or representative of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, has taken any action in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment or giving of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any “government official” (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office) to influence official action or secure an improper advantage; and the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates conduct their businesses in compliance in all material respects with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintain and will continue to maintain policies and procedures designed to promote and achieve compliance in all material respects with such laws and with the representation and warranty contained herein.

4. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of Securities.

(a) On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Firm Shares and the Firm Warrants to the several Underwriters, and the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase the respective numbers of Firm Units set forth opposite the names of the Underwriters in Schedule I hereto. The purchase price for each Firm Unit shall be $_______ per Unit (the “Purchase Price”).

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(b) The Company hereby grants to the Underwriters the option to purchase some or all of the Option Units, the Option Shares and/or the Option Warrants (either separately or together) and, upon the basis of the warranties and representations and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Underwriters shall have the right to purchase all or any portion of the Option Units at the Purchase Price, the Option Shares at a price of $_______ per Share (the “Per Share Price”) and/or the Option Warrants at a price of $_____ per Warrant (the “Per Warrant Price”) (either separately or together) as may be necessary to cover over-allotments made in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. This option may be exercised by the Underwriters at any time and from time to time on or before the forty-fifth (45th) day following the date hereof, by written notice to the Company (the “Option Notice”). The Option Notice shall set forth the aggregate number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants as to which the option is being exercised, and the date and time when the Option Shares and/or the Option Warrants are to be delivered (such date and time being herein referred to as the “Option Closing Date”); provided, however, that the Option Closing Date shall not be earlier than the Closing Date (as defined below) nor earlier than the first business day after the date on which the option shall have been exercised nor later than the fifth business day after the date on which the option shall have been exercised unless the Company and the Underwriters otherwise agree. Such shares of Optional Shares and/or Optional Warrants shall be purchased, severally and not jointly, from the Company for the account of each Underwriter in the same proportion as the number of shares of Firm Shares and Firm Warrants set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name on Schedule I bears to the total number of shares of Firm Shares and the total number of Firm Warrants (subject to adjustment by the Underwriters to eliminate fractions).

Payment of the purchase price for and delivery of the Option Shares and/or the Option Warrants shall be made on an Option Closing Date in the same manner and at the same office as the payment for the Firm Shares and the Firm Warrants as set forth in subparagraph (c) below.

(c) The Firm Shares and the Firm Warrants will be delivered by the Company to the Underwriters, for their respective accounts, against payment of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of same day funds payable to the order of the Company at the offices of Roth Capital Partners, LLC, 888 San Clemente Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660, or such other location as may be mutually acceptable, at 6:00 a.m. PDT, on the third (or if the Firm Shares are priced, as contemplated by Rule 15c6-1(c) under the Exchange Act, after 4:30 p.m. Eastern time, the fourth) full business day following the date hereof, or at such other time and date as the Underwriters and the Company determine pursuant to Rule 15c6-1(a) under the Exchange Act, or, in the case of the Option Shares and the Option Warrants, at such date and time set forth in the Option Notice. The time and date of delivery of the Firm Shares and the Firm Warrants is referred to herein as the “Closing Date.” On the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, the Company shall deliver the Firm Shares and the Firm Warrants or the Option Shares and/or the Option Warrants, as applicable, which shall be registered in the name or names and shall be in such denominations as the Underwriters may request at least one (1) business day before the Closing Date, to the respective accounts of the several Underwriters, which delivery shall (a) with respect to the Firm Shares and any Option Shares, shall be made through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company’s DWAC system, and (b) with respect to the Firm Warrants and any Option Warrants, shall be made by physical delivery to be received or directed by the Underwriters no later than one (1) business day following the respective Closing Date.

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(d) On the Closing Date, the Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Underwriters (and/or their designees) at the Closing, warrants (the “Underwriter Warrants”), in form and substance acceptable to the Underwriters, for the purchase of an aggregate of _______ shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00.

5. Covenants.

(a) The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters as follows:

(i) To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by the Underwriters and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act not later than the Commission’s close of business on the second business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 430A(a)(3) under the Securities Act.

(ii) During the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the date that the Prospectus is no longer required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an underwriter or dealer (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, including any Rule 462 Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Underwriters for review and comment a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement, and the Company shall not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which any Underwriter reasonably objects.

(iii) From the date of this Agreement until the end of the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company shall promptly advise the Underwriters in writing (A) of the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission, (B) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (C) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective and (D) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any order preventing or suspending its use or the use of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Common Stock from any securities exchange upon which it is listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time during the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A and 430B, as applicable, under the Securities Act and will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner by the Commission (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or 164(b) of the Securities Act).

(iv) (A) During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as now and hereafter amended, and by the Rules and Regulations, as from time to time in force, and by the Exchange Act, as now and hereafter amended, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities as contemplated by the provisions hereof, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. If during such period any event occurs as the result of which the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package) would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which such statement was made, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary or appropriate in the opinion of the Company or its counsel or the Underwriters or their counsel to amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package) to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters and will amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.

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(B) If during the Prospectus Delivery Period there occurred or occurs an event or development the result of which is that such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or any Prospectus or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has promptly notified or promptly will notify the Underwriters and has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

(v) The Company shall take or cause to be taken all necessary action to qualify the Securities for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Underwriters reasonably designate and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Securities, except that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified, to execute a general consent to service of process in any state or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise subject.

(vi) The Company will furnish to the Underwriters and counsel for the Underwriters copies of the Registration Statement, each Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and all amendments and supplements to such documents, in each case as soon as available and in such quantities as the Underwriters may from time to time reasonably request.

(vii) The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a 12-month period that shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Rules and Regulations.

(viii) The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, will pay or cause to be paid (A) all expenses (including transfer taxes allocated to the respective transferees) incurred in connection with the delivery to the Underwriters of the Securities, (B) all expenses and fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel) in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, delivery, and shipping of the Registration Statement (including the financial statements therein and all amendments, schedules, and exhibits thereto), the Securities, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, (C) all reasonable filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of the Underwriters’ counsel incurred in connection with the qualification of the Securities for offering and sale by the Underwriters or by dealers under the securities or blue sky laws of the states and other jurisdictions that the Underwriters shall designate, (D) the fees and expenses of any transfer agent or registrar, (E) the reasonable files fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of Underwriters’ counsel incident to any required review and approval by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities, (F) listing fees, if any, and (G) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder that are not otherwise specifically provided for herein. In addition to the foregoing, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, including their legal fees and disbursements, in each case incurred in connection with the purchase and sale of the Securities contemplated hereby up to an aggregate of $100,000. If this Agreement is terminated by the Underwriters in accordance with the provisions of Section 6, Section 9 or Section 10, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters for all out-of-pocket disbursements (including, but not limited to, reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges) fees and disbursements incurred by the Underwriters in connection with its investigation, preparing to market and marketing the Securities or in contemplation of performing its obligations hereunder.

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(ix) The Company intends to apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities to be sold by it hereunder for the purposes set forth in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectus.

(x) The Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, during the Prospectus Delivery Period, any action designed to or which might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, or that has constituted, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.

(xi) The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Underwriters, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, represents and agrees that, unless it obtains, the prior written consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus; provided that the prior written consent of the parties hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of the free writing prospectuses included in Schedule IV. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Underwriters is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied or will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record-keeping.

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(xii) The Company hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period ending 90 days after the date hereof (“Lock-Up Period”), (i) offer, pledge, issue, sell, contract to sell, purchase, contract to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock; or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; or (iii) file any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (other than a registration statement of Form S-4 and Form S-8). The restrictions contained in the preceding sentence shall not apply to (1) the Securities to be sold hereunder, (2) the issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of options, warrants or other exchange rights as disclosed as outstanding in the Registration Statement (excluding exhibits thereto) or the Prospectus, or (3) the issuance of employee stock options not exercisable during the Lock-Up Period and the grant of restricted stock awards or restricted stock units pursuant to equity incentive plans described in the Registration Statement (excluding exhibits thereto) and the Prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any Underwriter is at such time providing research coverage to the Company or intends to commence research coverage to the Company and is subject to the restrictions set forth in NASD Rule 2711(f)(4), if (x) the Company issues an earnings release or material news, or a material event relating to the Company occurs, during the last 17 days of the Lock-Up Period, or (y) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, the restrictions imposed by this clause shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event, unless such Underwriter waives such extension in writing; provided, however, that this sentence shall not apply if the research published or distributed on the Company is compliant with Rule 139 of the Securities Act and the Company’s securities are “actively traded” as defined in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M of the Exchange Act.

(xiii) To engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Common Stock.

(xiv)To use its best efforts to list the Shares and the Warrant Shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

(xv) To not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to constitute, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.

6.Conditions of the Underwriters’ Obligations. The respective obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder to purchase the Securities are subject to the accuracy, as of the date hereof, at the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date (as if made on the Closing Date or such Option Closing Date, as applicable), of and compliance in all material respects with all representations, warranties and agreements of the Company contained herein, the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and the following additional conditions:

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(a) If filing of the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, is required under the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations, the Company shall have filed the Prospectus (or such amendment or supplement) or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus with the Commission in the manner and within the time period so required (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or 164(b) under the Securities Act); the Registration Statement shall remain effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof, any Rule 462 Registration Statement, or any amendment thereof, nor suspending or preventing the use of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been issued; no proceedings for the issuance of such an order shall have been initiated or threatened; any request of the Commission or an Underwriter for additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the Underwriters’ satisfaction.

(b) The Shares and the Warrant Shares shall be qualified for listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

(c) FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.

(d) None of the Underwriters shall have reasonably determined, and advised the Company, that the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, contains an untrue statement of fact which, in such Underwriter’s reasonable opinion, is material, or omits to state a fact which, in such Underwriter’s reasonable opinion, is material and is required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

(e) On the Closing Date, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters the opinion and negative assurance letter of Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP, outside corporate counsel for the Company dated the Closing Date, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriters.

(f) On the Closing Date, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters the opinion and negative assurance letter of Ropes & Gray LLP, as intellectual property and regulatory counsel for the Company dated the Closing Date, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriters.

(g) On the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters the negative assurance letter of Lowenstein Sandler LLP, counsel to the Underwriters, dated the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriters.

(h) The Underwriters shall have received a letter of EisnerAmper LLP on the date hereof and on the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, addressed to the Underwriters, confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and are in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualifications of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X of the Commission, and confirming, as of the date of each such letter (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial information is given in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, as of a date not prior to the date hereof or more than five days prior to the date of such letter), the conclusions and findings of said firm with respect to the financial information and other matters required by the Underwriters.

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(i) On the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters a certificate, dated the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, and addressed to the Underwriters, signed by the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer of the Company, in their capacity as officers of the Company, to the effect that:

(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement that are qualified by materiality or by reference to any Material Adverse Effect are true and correct in all respects, and all other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, in all material respects, as if made at and as of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, and the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as applicable;

(ii) No stop order or other order (A) suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof or any amendment thereof, (B) suspending the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale, or (C) suspending or preventing the use of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, has been issued, and no proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or, to their knowledge, is contemplated by the Commission or any state or regulatory body; and

(c) There has been no occurrence of any event resulting or reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect during the period from and after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as applicable.

(j) On or before the date hereof, the Underwriters shall have received duly executed “lock-up” agreements, in a form set forth on Schedule V, among the Underwriters and each of the individuals specified in Schedule VI.

(k) The Company shall have furnished to the Underwriters and their counsel such additional documents, certificates and evidence as the Underwriters or their counsel may have reasonably requested.

If any condition specified in this Section 6 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement may be terminated by any Underwriter by notice to the Company at any time at or prior to the Closing Date or an Option Closing Date, as applicable, and such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party, except that Section 5(a)(viii), Section 7 and Section 8 shall survive any such termination and remain in full force and effect.

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7. Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which such Underwriter or such person may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, including the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of the Rules and Regulations, or arise out of or are based upon the omission from the Registration Statement, or alleged omission to state therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto (including any documents filed under the Exchange Act and deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any other materials used in connection with the offering of the Securities, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iii) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Securities, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iv) in whole or in part, any material breach in the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein, or (v) in whole or in part, any failure of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder or under law, and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with evaluating, investigating or defending against such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter specifically for use in the preparation thereof, which written information is described in Section 7(f).

(b) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Company, its affiliates, directors, officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such Underwriter), insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter specifically for use in the preparation thereof, which written information is described in Section 7(f), and will reimburse the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with defending against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action.

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(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have to any indemnified party except to the extent such indemnifying party has been materially prejudiced by such failure. In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of the indemnifying party’s election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof; provided, however, that if (i) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (ii) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party), or (iii) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, the indemnified party shall have the right to employ a single counsel to represent it in any claim in respect of which indemnity may be sought under subsection (a) or (b) of this Section 7, in which event the reasonable fees and expenses of such separate counsel shall be borne by the indemnifying party or parties and reimbursed to the indemnified party as incurred.

The indemnifying party under this Section 7 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is a party or could be named and indemnity was or would be sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent (a) includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability for claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and (b) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

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(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering and sale of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Final Prospectus. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties’ relevant intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company and each Underwriter agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this subsection (d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d). The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending against any action or claim that is the subject of this subsection (d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d),no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount of such Underwriter’s commissions referenced in Section 4(a) actually received by such Underwriter pursuant to this Agreement. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute as provided in this Section 7 are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.

(e) The obligations of the Company under this Section 7 shall be in addition to any liability that the Company may otherwise have and the benefits of such obligations shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act; and the several obligations of each Underwriter under this Section 7 shall be in addition to any liability that such Underwriter may otherwise have and the benefits of such obligations shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to the Company, and its officers, directors and each person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act.

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(f) For purposes of this Agreement, each Underwriter severally confirms, and the Company acknowledges, that there is no information concerning such Underwriter furnished in writing to the Company by such Underwriter specifically for preparation of or inclusion in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, other than the statements set forth in the last paragraph on the cover page of the Prospectus and the statements set forth in the “Underwriting” section of the Prospectus and Time of Sale Disclosure Package, only insofar as such statements relate to the amount of selling concession and re-allowance and related activities that may be undertaken by such Underwriter.

8.Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. All representations, warranties, and agreements of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto, including, but not limited to, the agreements of the several Underwriters and the Company contained in Section 5(a)(viii) and Section 7 hereof, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the several Underwriters or any controlling person thereof, or the Company or any of its officers, directors, or controlling persons, and shall survive delivery of, and payment for, the Securities to and by the Underwriters hereunder.

9. Termination of this Agreement.

(a) Any Underwriter shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving notice to the Company as hereinafter specified at any time at or prior to the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date (as to the Option Units, Option Shares and/or Option Warrants to be purchased on such Option Closing Date only), if in the discretion of such Underwriter, (i) there has occurred any material adverse change in the securities markets or any event, act or occurrence that has materially disrupted, or in the opinion of such Underwriter, will in the future materially disrupt, the securities markets or there shall be such a material adverse change in general financial, political or economic conditions or the effect of international conditions on the financial markets in the United States is such as to make it, in the judgment of such Underwriter, inadvisable or impracticable to market the Securities or enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities, (ii) trading in the Company’s Common Stock shall have been suspended by the Commission, the NASDAQ Capital Market or trading in securities generally on the NASDAQ Global Market, New York Stock Exchange or NYSE MKT shall have been suspended, (iii) minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required, on the NASDAQ Global Market, New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE MKT, by such exchange or by order of the Commission or any other governmental authority having jurisdiction, (iv) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal or New York or California state authorities, (v) there shall have occurred any attack on, outbreak or escalation of hostilities or act of terrorism involving the United States, any declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war, any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States or international political, financial or economic conditions or any other calamity or crisis, (vi) the Company suffers any loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or (vii) in the judgment of such Underwriter, there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the assets, properties, condition, financial or otherwise, or in the results of operations, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 5(a)(viii) and Section 7 hereof shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.

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(b) If any Underwriter elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section, the Company and the other Underwriters shall be notified promptly by such Underwriter by telephone, confirmed by letter.

10.Substitution of Underwriters. If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall default in its or their obligations to purchase Units, Shares and/or Warrants hereunder on the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date and the aggregate number of Units, Shares and/or Warrants which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase does not exceed ten percent (10%) of the total number of Units, Shares and/or Warrants to be purchased by all Underwriters on such Closing Date or Option Closing Date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated severally, in proportion to their respective commitments hereunder, to purchase the Units, Shares and/or Warrants which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase on such Closing Date or Option Closing Date. If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall so default and the aggregate number of Units, Shares and/or Warrants with respect to which such default or defaults occur is more than ten percent (10%) of the total number of Units, Shares and/or Warrants to be purchased by all Underwriters on such Closing Date or Option Closing Date and arrangements satisfactory to the remaining Underwriters and the Company for the purchase of such shares by other persons are not made within forty-eight (48) hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate.

If the remaining Underwriters or substituted Underwriters are required hereby or agree to take up all or part of the Units, Shares and/or Warrants of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters on such Closing Date or Option Closing Date as provided in this Section 10, (i) the Company shall have the right to postpone such Closing Date or Option Closing Date for a period of not more than five (5) full business days in order to permit the Company to effect whatever changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or in any other documents or arrangements, which may thereby be made necessary, and the Company agrees to promptly file any amendments to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which may thereby be made necessary, and (ii) the respective numbers of Units, Shares and/or Warrants to be purchased by the remaining Underwriters or substituted Underwriters shall be taken as the basis of their underwriting obligation for all purposes of this Agreement. Nothing herein contained shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter of its liability to the Company or any other Underwriter for damages occasioned by its default hereunder. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10 shall be without liability on the part of any non defaulting Underwriters or the Company, except that the representations, warranties, covenants, indemnities, agreements and other statements set forth in Section 2 and 3, the obligations with respect to expenses to be paid or reimbursed pursuant to Section 5 and the provisions of Section 7 and Sections 11 through 18, inclusive, shall not terminate and shall remain in full force and effect.

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11.Notices. Except as otherwise provided herein, all communications hereunder shall be in writing and, (i) if to the Underwriters, shall be mailed, delivered or telecopied to (a) Roth Capital Partners, LLC, 888 San Clemente Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660, telecopy number: (949) 720-7227, Attention: Managing Director, and (b) National Securities Corporation, 120 Broadway, 27^th Floor, New York, NY 10271, telecopy number: (212) 461-2828, Attention: Head of Investment Banking; and (ii) if to the Company, shall be mailed, delivered or telecopied to it at Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., 509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306, New York, NY 10022, telecopy number: (212) 923-5700, Attention: Chief Financial Officer; or in each case to such other address as the person to be notified may have requested in writing. Any party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.

12.Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns and the controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 7. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give to any other person, firm or corporation any legal or equitable remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. The term “successors and assigns” as herein used shall not include any purchaser, as such purchaser, of any of the Securities from any Underwriter.

13.Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (a) each Underwriter has been retained solely to act as underwriter in connection with the sale of the Securities and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and any Underwriter has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether any Underwriter has advised or is advising the Company on other matters; (b) the price and other terms of the Securities set forth in this Agreement were established by the Company following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Underwriters and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (c) it has been advised that each Underwriter and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions that may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that no Underwriter has any obligation to disclose such interest and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; (d) it has been advised that each Underwriter is acting, in respect of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, solely for the benefit of such Underwriter, and not on behalf of the Company.

14.Amendments and Waivers. No supplement, modification or waiver of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the party to be bound thereby. The failure of a party to exercise any right or remedy shall not be deemed or constitute a waiver of such right or remedy in the future. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof (regardless of whether similar), nor shall any such waiver be deemed or constitute a continuing waiver unless otherwise expressly provided.

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15.Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph, clause or provision.

16.Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

17.Submission to Jurisdiction. The Company irrevocably (a) submits to the jurisdiction of any court of the State of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement, or any of the agreements or transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (each a “Proceeding”), (b) agrees that all claims in respect of any Proceeding may be heard and determined in any such court, (c) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any immunity from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process therein, (d) agrees not to commence any Proceeding other than in such courts, and (e) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claim that such Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum. THE COMPANY (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ON BEHALF OF ITS RESPECTIVE EQUITY HOLDERS AND CREDITORS) HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY CLAIM BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT, THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT, THE TIME OF SALE DISCLOSURE PACKAGE AND THE PROSPECTUS.

18.Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts and, if executed in more than one counterpart, the executed counterparts shall each be deemed to be an original and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]

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Please sign and return to the Company the enclosed duplicates of this letter whereupon this letter will become a binding agreement between the Company and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.

Very truly yours,

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

By:

Name:

Title:

Confirmed as of the date first above-

mentioned.

ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC

By: _______________________________

Name: Aaron Gurewitz

Title: Head of Equity Capital Markets

NATIONAL SECURITIES CORPORATION

By: _______________________________

Name:

Title:

[Signature page to Underwriting Agreement]

SCHEDULE I

Name	Number of Firm Units to be Purchased	Number of Option Units to be Purchased	Number of Option Shares to be Purchased	Number of Option Warrants to be Purchased
Roth Capital Partners, LLC
National Securities Corporation
Total

SCHEDULE II

Final Term Sheet

Issuer:	Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (the “Company”)
Symbol:	TNXP
Security:	_________ units (the “Units”), each Unit consisting of (i) one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company, and (ii) one Series A warrant (the “Warrants”) to purchase one share of Common Stock
Over-allotment option:	________ Units, ________ shares of Common Stock and/or ________ Warrants
Public offering price:	$_______ per Unit
Underwriting discounts and commissions:	$_______ per Unit
Net proceeds (excluding the over-allotment):	$____ million (after deducting the underwriters’ discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company)
Underwriters’ warrants:	Warrants to purchase                            shares of Common Stock
Trade date:	__________, 2013
Settlement date:	, 2013
Underwriters:	Roth Capital Partners, LLC and National Securities Corporation

SCHEDULE III

Subsidiaries

None

SCHEDULE IV

Free Writing Prospectus

SCHEDULE V

Form of Lock-Up Agreement

June [_], 2013

Roth Capital Partners, LLC

888 San Clemente Drive

Newport Beach, CA 92660

National Securities Corporation

120 Broadway, 27^th Floor

New York, NY 10271

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This Lock-Up Agreement is being delivered to you in connection with the proposed Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) to be entered into among Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), Roth Capital Partners, LLC and National Securities Corporation (collectively, the “Underwriters”), with respect to the proposed public offering of securities of the Company (the “Offering”), including units, consisting of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) and warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Underwriting Agreement.

In order to induce you to enter into the Underwriting Agreement, the undersigned agrees that, for a period (the “Lock-Up Period”) beginning on the date hereof and ending on, and including, the date that is 90 days after the date of the final prospectus supplement relating to the Offering, the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriters, (i) sell, offer to sell, contract or agree to sell, hypothecate, pledge, grant any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of or agree to dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file (or participate in the filing of) a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) in respect of, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”) with respect to, any Common Stock or any other securities of the Company that are substantially similar to Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, or any warrants or other rights to purchase, the foregoing, (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Stock or any other securities of the Company that are substantially similar to Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, or any warrants or other rights to purchase, the foregoing, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or (iii) publicly announce an intention to effect any transaction specified in clause (i) or (ii).

The foregoing paragraph shall not apply to (a) the registration of the offer and sale of Common Stock as contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement and the sale of the Common Stock to the several Underwriters in the Offering, (b) bona fide gifts, provided the recipient thereof agrees in writing with the Underwriters to be bound by the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement, (c) dispositions to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned and/or the immediate family of the undersigned, provided that such trust agrees in writing with the Underwriters to be bound by the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement, (d) transfers of Common Stock or securities convertible into Common Stock on death by will or intestacy, (e) sales or transfers of Common Stock solely in connection with the “cashless” exercise of Company stock options outstanding on the date hereof for the purpose of exercising such stock options (provided that any remaining Common Stock received upon such exercise will be subject to the restrictions provided for in this Lock-Up Agreement) or (f) sales or transfers of Common Stock or securities convertible into Common Stock pursuant to a sales plan entered into prior to the date hereof pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, a copy of which has been provided to the Underwriters. In addition, the restrictions sets forth herein shall not prevent the undersigned from entering into a sales plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act after the date hereof, provided that (i) a copy of such plan is provided to the Underwriters promptly upon entering into the same and (ii) no sales or transfers may be made under such plan until the Lock-Up Period ends or this Lock-Up Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. For purposes of this paragraph, “immediate family” shall mean the undersigned and the spouse, any lineal descendent, father, mother, brother or sister of the undersigned.

In addition, the undersigned hereby waives any rights the undersigned may have to require registration of Common Stock in connection with the filing of a registration statement relating to the Offering. The undersigned further agrees that, for the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriters, make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, or warrants or other rights to purchase Common Stock or any such securities.

Notwithstanding the above, if (a) during the period that begins on the date that is fifteen (15) calendar days plus three (3) business days before the last day of the Lock-Up Period and ends on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs; or (b) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the sixteen (16) day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, then the restrictions imposed by this Lock-Up Agreement shall continue to apply until the expiration of the date that is fifteen (15) calendar days plus three (3) business days after the date on which the issuance of the earnings release or the material news or material event occurs; provided, however, that this paragraph shall not apply if (i) the safe harbor provided by Rule 139 under the Act is available in the manner contemplated by Rule 2711(f)(4) of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) and (ii) within the 3 business days preceding the 15^th calendar day before the last day of the Lock-Up Period, the Company delivers to the Underwriters a certificate, signed by the Chief Financial Officer or Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifying on behalf of the Company that the Company’s shares of Common Stock are “actively traded securities,” within the meaning of Rule 2711(f)(4) of FINRA.

The undersigned hereby confirms that the undersigned has not, directly or indirectly, taken, and hereby covenants that the undersigned will not, directly or indirectly, take, any action designed, or which has constituted or will constitute or might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of shares of Common Stock.

If (i) the Company notifies you in writing that it does not intend to proceed with the Offering, (ii) the registration statement filed with the Commission with respect to the Offering is withdrawn, (iii) if the closing of the Offering does not occur prior to ninety (90) days from the date of this Lock-Up Agreement or (iv) for any reason the Underwriting Agreement shall be terminated prior to the effective time of the Registration Statement (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement), this Lock-Up Agreement shall be terminated and the undersigned shall be released from its obligations hereunder.

SCHEDULE VI

List of officers, directors and shareholders executing lock-up agreements

Seth Lederman

Leland Gershell

Bruce Daugherty

Stuart Davidson

Patrick Grace

Donald W. Landry

Ernest Mario

Charles E. Mather IV

John Rhodes

Samuel Saks

Lederman & Co., LLC

Eli Lederman

EX-4.01

Exhibit 4.01

PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF SECTION 1 OF THIS WARRANT, ALL OR A PORTION OF THIS WARRANT MAY HAVE BEEN EXERCISED, AND THEREFORE THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF WARRANT SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS WARRANT MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF.

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

Warrant To Purchase Common Stock

Warrant No.:

Number of Shares of Common Stock:_____________

Date of Issuance: ●, 2013 (“Issuance Date”)

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), hereby certifies that, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, [INVESTOR NAME], the registered holder hereof or its permitted assigns (the “Holder”), is entitled, subject to the terms set forth below, to purchase from the Company, at the Exercise Price (as defined below) then in effect, upon surrender of this Warrant to purchase Common Stock (as defined below) (including any Warrants to Purchase Common Stock issued in exchange, transfer or replacement hereof, the “Warrant”), at any time or times on or after the Issuance Date (the “Exercisability Date”), but not after 11:59 p.m., New York time, on the Expiration Date (as defined below), [______________ (_____________)] fully paid nonassessable shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”). Except as otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms in this Warrant shall have the meanings set forth in Section 15. This Warrant is the Warrant to purchase Common Stock (this “Warrant”) issued pursuant to (i) the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of June ●, 2013, by and among the Company, Roth Capital Partners, LLC and National Securities Corporation (the “Underwriting Agreement”) and (ii) the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 File No.: 333-188547). This Warrant is one of a series of warrants containing substantially identical terms and conditions issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement (collectively, the “Warrants”).

1.EXERCISE OF WARRANT.

(a)Mechanics of Exercise. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, this Warrant may be exercised by the Holder on any day on or after the Exercisability Date, in whole or in part (but not as to fractional shares), by (i) delivery of a written notice, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Exercise Notice”), of the Holder’s election to exercise this Warrant and (ii) if both (A) the Holder is not electing a Cashless Exercise (as defined below) pursuant to Section 1(d) of this Warrant and (B) a registration statement registering the issuance of the Warrant Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), is effective and available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares, payment to the Company of an amount equal to the applicable Exercise Price multiplied by the number of Warrant Shares as to which this Warrant is being exercised (the “Aggregate Exercise Price”) in cash or wire transfer of immediately available funds (a “Cash Exercise”) (the items under (i) and (ii) above, the “Exercise Delivery Documents”). The Holder shall not be required to surrender this Warrant in order to effect an exercise hereunder; provided, however, that in the event that this Warrant is exercised in full or for the remaining unexercised portion hereof, the Holder shall deliver this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within a reasonable time after such exercise. On or before the first Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received the Exercise Delivery Documents (the date upon which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents, the “Exercise Date”), the Company shall transmit by facsimile or e-mail transmission an acknowledgment of confirmation of receipt of the Exercise Delivery Documents to the Holder and the Company’s transfer agent for the Common Stock (the “Transfer Agent”). The Company shall deliver any objection to the Exercise Delivery Documents on or before the second Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents. On or before the second Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents (the “Share Delivery Date”), the Company shall, (X) provided that the Transfer Agent is participating in The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program (the “FAST Program”) and so long as the certificates therefor are not required to bear a legend regarding restriction on transferability, upon the request of the Holder, credit such aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system, or (Y), if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the FAST Program or if the certificates are required to bear a legend regarding restriction on transferability, issue and dispatch by overnight courier to the address as specified in the Exercise Notice, a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise. Upon delivery of the Exercise Delivery Documents, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date such Warrant Shares are credited to the Holder’s DTC account or the date of delivery of the certificates evidencing such Warrant Shares, as the case may be. If this Warrant is submitted in connection with any exercise pursuant to this Section 1(a) and the number of Warrant Shares represented by this Warrant submitted for exercise is greater than the number of Warrant Shares being acquired upon an exercise, then the Company shall as soon as practicable and in no event later than three Trading Days after any such submission and at its own expense, issue a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)) representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares purchasable immediately prior to such exercise under this Warrant, less the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been and/or is exercised. The Company shall pay any and all taxes and other expenses of the Company (including overnight delivery charges) that may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the registration of any certificates for Warrant Shares or Warrants in a name other than that of the Holder or an affiliate thereof. The Holder shall be responsible for all other tax liability that may arise as a result of holding or transferring this Warrant or receiving Warrant Shares upon exercise hereof.

(b)Exercise Price. For purposes of this Warrant, “Exercise Price” means $[●], subject to adjustment as provided herein.

(c)Company’s Failure to Timely Deliver Securities. If the Company shall fail for any reason or for no reason to issue to the Holder within five (5) Business Days of the Exercise Date a certificate for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled and register such shares of Common Stock on the Company’s share register or to credit the Holder’s balance account with DTC for such number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s exercise of this Warrant, and if on or after such Trading Day the Holder purchases, or another Person purchasers on the Holder’s behalf or for the Holder’s account (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise that the Holder anticipated receiving from the Company (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall, within three (3) Business Days after the Holder’s written request and in the Holder’s discretion, either (i) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to deliver such certificate (and to issue such Warrant Shares) shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Warrant Shares and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of shares of Common Stock, times (B) the VWAP (as reported by Bloomberg) on the date of the event giving rise to the Company’s obligation to deliver such certificate.

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(d)Cashless Exercise. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, if a registration statement covering the Warrant Shares that are the subject of the Exercise Notice (the “Unavailable Warrant Shares”), or an exemption from registration, is not available for the resale of such Unavailable Warrant Shares, the Holder may, in its sole discretion, exercise this Warrant in whole or in part and, in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to the Company upon such exercise in payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price, elect instead to receive upon such exercise the “Net Number” of shares of Common Stock determined according to the following formula (a “Cashless Exercise”):

Net Number =	(A - B) (X)
	(A)
For purposes of the foregoing formula:

A= the WVAP for the three (3) consecutive Trading Days ending on the date immediately preceding the date of the Exercise Notice.

B= the Exercise Price then in effect for the applicable Warrant Shares at the time of such exercise.

X= the total number of shares with respect to which this Warrant is then being exercised.

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(e)Rule 144. For purposes of Rule 144(d) promulgated under the Securities Act, as in effect on the date hereof, assuming the Holder is not an affiliate of the Company, it is intended that the Warrant Shares issued in a Cashless Exercise shall be deemed to have been acquired by the Holder, and the holding period for the Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have commenced, on the Issuance Date.

(f)Disputes. In the case of a dispute as to the determination of the Exercise Price or the arithmetic calculation of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall promptly issue to the Holder the number of Warrant Shares that are not disputed.

(g)Beneficial Ownership. The Company shall not effect the exercise of this Warrant, and the Holder shall not have the right to exercise this Warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such Person (together with such Person’s affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Person and its affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by such Person and its affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company beneficially owned by such Person and its affiliates (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible preferred stock or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this paragraph, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). For purposes of this Warrant, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in the most recent of (1) the Company’s most recent Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other public filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as the case may be, (2) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (3) any other notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. For any reason at any time, upon the written or oral request of the Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Business Days confirm to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder and its affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. By written notice to the Company, the Holder may from time to time increase or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% specified in such notice; provided that (i) any such increase will not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such notice is delivered to the Company, and (ii) any such increase or decrease will apply only to the Holder. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 1(g) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended beneficial ownership limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation.

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2.ADJUSTMENT OF EXERCISE PRICE AND NUMBER OF WARRANT SHARES. The Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares shall be adjusted from time to time as follows:

(a)Adjustment upon Subdivision or Combination of Common Stock. If the Company at any time on or after the Issuance Date subdivides (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, scheme, arrangement or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Shares will be proportionately increased. If the Company at any time on or after the Issuance Date combines (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, scheme, arrangement or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased and the number of Warrant Shares will be proportionately decreased. Any adjustment under this Section 2(a) shall become effective at the close of business on the date the subdivision or combination becomes effective.

(b)Other Events. If any event occurs of the type contemplated by the provisions of this Section 2 but not expressly provided for by such provisions (including, without limitation, the granting of stock appreciation rights or phantom stock rights), then the Company’s Board of Directors will make an appropriate adjustment in the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares so as to protect the rights of the Holder; provided that no such adjustment pursuant to this Section 2(b) will increase the Exercise Price or decrease the number of Warrant Shares as otherwise determined pursuant to this Section 2.

3.RIGHTS UPON DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS.

(a)If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall distribute to all holders of Common Stock (and not to the Holders) evidences of its indebtedness or assets (including cash and cash dividends) (a “Distribution”), then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Maximum Percentage) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution.

4.PURCHASE RIGHTS; FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTIONS.

(a)Purchase Rights. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 2 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then in each such case, the Company shall reserve Options, Convertible Securities or Purchase Rights for distribution to the Holder upon exercise of this Warrant so that, in addition to the shares of the Common Stock to which such Holder is entitled, such Holder will receive upon such exercise the amount and kind of such Options, Convertible Securities or Purchase Rights which such Holder would have received if the Holder had, immediately prior to the record date for the distribution of the Options, Convertible Securities or Purchase Rights, exercised this Warrant.

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(b)Fundamental Transactions. The Company shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction unless the Successor Entity assumes in writing (unless the Company is the Successor Entity) all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section (4)(b) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders and approved by the Required Holders prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to each holder of the Warrants in exchange for such Warrants a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant, including, without limitation, an adjusted exercise price equal to the value for the shares of Common Stock reflected by the terms of such Fundamental Transaction, and exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon exercise of this Warrant at any time after the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the shares of Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of the publicly traded common stock or common shares (or its equivalent) of the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had this Warrant been converted immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for shares of Common Stock (a “Corporate Event”), the Company shall make appropriate provision to insure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon an exercise of this Warrant at any time after the consummation of the Corporate Event but prior to the Expiration Date, in lieu of shares of Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) purchasable upon the exercise of this Warrant prior to such Corporate Event, such shares of stock, securities, cash, assets or any other property whatsoever (including warrants or other purchase or subscription rights) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Corporate Event had this Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such Corporate Event. Provision made pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders. The provisions of this Section 4(b) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant.

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(c)Applicability to Successive Transactions. The provisions of this Section shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant.

5.NONCIRCUMVENTION. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Company will not, by amendment of its Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, and will at all times in good faith comply with all the provisions of this Warrant and take all actions consistent with effectuating the purposes of this Warrant. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company (i) shall not increase the par value of any shares of Common Stock receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant above the Exercise Price then in effect, (ii) shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant, and (iii) shall, so long as this Warrant is outstanding, take all action necessary to reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the exercise of this Warrant, 100% of the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant then outstanding (without regard to any limitations on exercise).

6.WARRANT HOLDER NOT DEEMED A STOCKHOLDER. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Holder, solely in such Person’s capacity as a holder of this Warrant, shall not be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of share capital of the Company for any purpose, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant be construed to confer upon the Holder, solely in such Person’s capacity as the Holder of this Warrant, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of stock, reclassification of stock, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), receive notice of meetings, receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, prior to the issuance to the Holder of the Warrant Shares which such Person is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of this Warrant. In addition, nothing contained in this Warrant shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of this Warrant or otherwise) or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

7.REISSUANCE OF WARRANTS.

(a)Transfer of Warrant. If this Warrant is to be transferred, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company and deliver the completed and executed Assignment Form, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, whereupon the Company will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)), registered as the Holder may request, representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares being transferred by the Holder and, if less then the total number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant is being transferred, a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)) to the Holder representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares not being transferred.

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(b)Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Warrant. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant, and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company in customary form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Warrant, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)) representing the right to purchase the Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant.

(c)Exchangeable for Multiple Warrants. This Warrant is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Holder at the principal office of the Company, for a new Warrant or Warrants (in accordance with Section 7(d)) representing in the aggregate the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant, and each such new Warrant will represent the right to purchase such portion of such Warrant Shares as is designated by the Holder at the time of such surrender; provided, however, that no Warrants for fractional shares of Common Stock shall be given.

(d)Issuance of New Warrants. Whenever the Company is required to issue a new Warrant pursuant to the terms of this Warrant, such new Warrant (i) shall be of like tenor with this Warrant, (ii) shall represent, as indicated on the face of such new Warrant, the right to purchase the Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant (or in the case of a new Warrant being issued pursuant to Section 7(a) or Section 7(c), the Warrant Shares designated by the Holder which, when added to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the other new Warrants issued in connection with such issuance, does not exceed the number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant), (iii) shall have an issuance date, as indicated on the face of such new Warrant which is the same as the Issuance Date, and (iv) shall have the same rights and conditions as this Warrant.

8.NOTICES. The Company shall provide Holder with prompt written notice of all actions taken pursuant to this Warrant. Whenever notice is required to be given under this Warrant, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in writing, will be mailed (a) if within the domestic United States by first-class registered or certified airmail, or nationally recognized overnight express courier, postage prepaid, or by facsimile or (b) if delivered from outside the United States, by International Federal Express or facsimile, and (c) will be deemed given (i) if delivered by first-class registered or certified mail domestic, three business days after so mailed, (ii) if delivered by nationally recognized overnight carrier, one business day after so mailed, (iii) if delivered by International Federal Express, two business days after so mailed and (iv) if delivered by facsimile, upon electronic confirmation of receipt, and will be delivered and addressed as follows:

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(i)	if to the Company, to:
	Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.
	509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306
	New York, NY 10022
	Attn: Seth Lederman, Chief Executive Officer
	Facsimile: (212) 923-5700
with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
	Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP
	61 Broadway, 32nd Floor
	New York, New York 10006
	Attn: Marc J. Ross
	Facsimile: (212) 930-9725

(ii) if to the Holder, at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company.

9.AMENDMENT AND WAIVER. Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of this Warrant may be amended and the Company may take any action herein prohibited, or omit to perform any act herein required to be performed by it, only if the Company has obtained the written consent of the Required Holders. Any such amendment shall apply to all Warrants and be binding upon all registered holders of such Warrants.

10.GOVERNING LAW; CONSENT TO JURISDICTION; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. This Warrant shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without reference to the choice of law provisions thereof. The Company and, by accepting this Warrant, the Holder, each irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York located in New York County and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, proceeding or judgment relating to or arising out of this Warrant and the transactions contemplated hereby. Service of process in connection with any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on each party hereto anywhere in the world by the same methods as are specified for the giving of notices under this Warrant. The Company and, by accepting this Warrant, the Holder, each irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit, action or proceeding and to the laying of venue in such court. The Company and, by accepting this Warrant, the Holder, each irrevocably waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such courts and irrevocably waives any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND, BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE HOLDER HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO REQUEST A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LITIGATION WITH RESPECT TO THIS WARRANT AND REPRESENTS THAT COUNSEL HAS BEEN CONSULTED SPECIFICALLY AS TO THIS WAIVER.

11.CONSTRUCTION; HEADINGS. This Warrant shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and the Holder and shall not be construed against any person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Warrant are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Warrant.

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12.DISPUTE RESOLUTION. In the case of a dispute as to the determination of the Exercise Price or the arithmetic calculation of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall submit the disputed determinations or arithmetic calculations via facsimile within two (2) Business Days of receipt of the Exercise Notice giving rise to such dispute, as the case may be, to the Holder. If the Holder and the Company are unable to agree upon such determination or calculation of the Exercise Price or the Warrant Shares within three Business Days of such disputed determination or arithmetic calculation being submitted to the Holder, then the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days submit via facsimile (a) the disputed determination of the Exercise Price to an independent, reputable investment bank selected by the Company and approved by the Holder, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, or (b) the disputed arithmetic calculation of the Warrant Shares to the Company’s independent, outside accountant. The Company shall cause the investment bank or the accountant, as the case may be, to perform the determinations or calculations and notify the Company and the Holder of the results no later than ten Business Days from the time it receives the disputed determinations or calculations. The prevailing party (which, for purposes of this Warrant, is the party whose determinations or calculations is closest to those of the investment bank or the accountant, as the case may be) in any dispute resolved pursuant to this Section 12 shall be entitled to the full amount of all reasonable expenses, including all costs and fees paid or incurred in good faith, in relation to the resolution of such dispute. Such investment bank’s or accountant’s determination or calculation, as the case may be, shall be binding upon all parties absent demonstrable error.

13. REMEDIES, OTHER OBLIGATIONS, BREACHES AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF. The remedies provided in this Warrant shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Warrant, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), and nothing herein shall limit the right of the Holder to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Company to comply with the terms of this Warrant.

14.TRANSFER. Subject to applicable laws, this Warrant may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without the consent of the Company

15.CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Warrant, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

(a) “Bloomberg” means Bloomberg Financial Markets.

(b)“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed.

(c)“Common Stock” means (i) the Company’s shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii) any share capital into which such Common Stock shall have been changed or any share capital resulting from a reclassification of such Common Stock.

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(d)“Convertible Securities” means any stock or securities (other than Options) directly or indirectly convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock.

(e)“Eligible Market” means the Principal Market, The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., The NYSE MKT, The NASDAQ Global Market or The NASDAQ Global Select Market.

(f)“Expiration Date” means the fifth anniversary of the Issuance Date or, if such date falls on a day other than a Trading Day or on which trading does not take place on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded (a “Holiday”), the next date that is not a Holiday.

(g) “Fundamental Transaction” means that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions, (i) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Person (but excluding a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company), or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company to another Person, or (iii) allow another Person to make a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of more than the 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the Person or Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the Persons making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer), or (iv) consummate a stock purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person whereby such other Person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination), (v) reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify its Common Stock, or (vi) any “person” or “group” (as these terms are used for purposes of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or shall become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Stock.

(h) “Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

(i)“Parent Entity” of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction.

(j)“Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof.

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(k)“Principal Market” means The NASDAQ Capital Market.

(l)“Required Holders” means, as of any date, the holders of at least a majority of the Warrants outstanding as of such date.

(m)“Successor Entity” means the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been entered into.

(n)“Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock are traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock are then traded; provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Stock are scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Stock are suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time).

(o)“Weighted Average Price” means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official close of trading), as reported by Bloomberg through its “Volume at Price” function or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official close of trading), as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by OTC Markets LLC. If the Weighted Average Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Weighted Average Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 12 with the term “Weighted Average Price” being substituted for the term “Exercise Price.” All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period..

[Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to Purchase Common Stock to be duly executed as of the Issuance Date set out above.

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

By:  ____________________

Name:

Title:

EXHIBIT A

EXERCISE NOTICE

TO BE EXECUTED BY THE REGISTERED HOLDER TO EXERCISE THIS

WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

The undersigned holder hereby exercises the right to purchase _________________ of the shares of Common Stock (“Warrant Shares”) of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), evidenced by the attached Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (the “Warrant”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Warrant.

1. Form of Exercise Price. The Holder intends that payment of the Exercise Price shall be made as:

____________ a “Cash Exercise” with respect to _________________ Warrant Shares; and/or

____________ a “Cashless Exercise” with respect to _______________ Warrant Shares.

2. Payment of Exercise Price. In the event that the holder has elected a Cash Exercise with respect to some or all of the Warrant Shares to be issued pursuant hereto, the holder shall pay the Aggregate Exercise Price in the sum of $___________________ to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Warrant.

3. Delivery of Warrant Shares. The Company shall deliver to the holder __________ Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms of the Warrant and, after delivery of such Warrant Shares, _____________ Warrant Shares remain subject to the Warrant.

Date: _______________ __, ______

Name of Registered Holder
By:
	Name:
	Title:

A-1

EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

Name:
	(Please Print)
Address:
	(Please Print)
Dated: _______________ __, ______
Holder’s Signature:
Holder’s Address:

NOTE: The signature to this Assignment Form must correspond with the name as it appears on the face of the Warrant, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever. Officers of corporations and those acting in a fiduciary or other representative capacity should file proper evidence of authority to assign the foregoing Warrant.

B-1

EX-4.02

Exhibit 4.02

[FORM OF UNDERWRITER WARRANT]

PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF SECTION 1 OF THIS WARRANT, ALL OR A PORTION OF THIS WARRANT MAY HAVE BEEN EXERCISED, AND THEREFORE THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF WARRANT SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS WARRANT MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF.

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

Warrant To Purchase Common Stock

Warrant No.: ________________________

Number of Shares of Common Stock:_____________

Date of Issuance: ●, 2013 (“Issuance Date”)

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), hereby certifies that, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, [INVESTOR NAME], the registered holder hereof or its permitted assigns (the “Holder”), is entitled, subject to the terms set forth below, to purchase from the Company, at the Exercise Price (as defined below) then in effect, upon surrender of this Warrant to purchase Common Stock (as defined below) (including any Warrants to Purchase Common Stock issued in exchange, transfer or replacement hereof, the “Warrant”), at any time or times on or after the Issuance Date (the “Exercisability Date”), but not after 11:59 p.m., New York time, on the Expiration Date (as defined below), [______________ (_____________)]1 fully paid nonassessable shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”). Except as otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms in this Warrant shall have the meanings set forth in Section 15. This Warrant is one of the Underwriter Warrants to purchase Common Stock (this “Warrant”) issued pursuant to (i) Section 4(d) of the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of June ●, 2013, by and among the Company, Roth Capital Partners, LLC and National Securities Corporation (the “Underwriting Agreement”) and (ii) the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 File No.: 333-188547). This Warrant is one of a series of warrants containing substantially identical terms and conditions issued pursuant to Section 4(d) of the Underwriting Agreement (collectively, the “Warrants”).

1. EXERCISE OF WARRANT.

(a) Mechanics of Exercise. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, this Warrant may be exercised by the Holder on any day on or after the Exercisability Date, in whole or in part (but not as to fractional shares), by (i) delivery of a written notice, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Exercise Notice”), of the Holder’s election to exercise this Warrant and (ii) if the Holder is not electing a Cashless Exercise (as defined below) pursuant to Section 1(d) of this Warrant, payment to the Company of an amount equal to the applicable Exercise Price multiplied by the number of Warrant Shares as to which this Warrant is being exercised (the “Aggregate Exercise Price”) in cash or wire transfer of immediately available funds (a “Cash Exercise”) (the items under (i) and (ii) above, the “Exercise Delivery Documents”). The Holder shall not be required to surrender this Warrant in order to effect an exercise hereunder; provided, however, that in the event that this Warrant is exercised in full or for the remaining unexercised portion hereof, the Holder shall deliver this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within a reasonable time after such exercise. On or before the first Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received the Exercise Delivery Documents (the date upon which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents, the “Exercise Date”), the Company shall transmit by facsimile or e-mail transmission an acknowledgment of confirmation of receipt of the Exercise Delivery Documents to the Holder and the Company’s transfer agent for the Common Stock (the “Transfer Agent”). The Company shall deliver any objection to the Exercise Delivery Documents on or before the second Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents. On or before the second Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents (the “Share Delivery Date”), the Company shall, (X) provided that the Transfer Agent is participating in The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program (the “FAST Program”) and so long as the certificates therefor are not required to bear a legend regarding restriction on transferability, upon the request of the Holder, credit such aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system, or (Y), if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the FAST Program or if the certificates are required to bear a legend regarding restriction on transferability, issue and dispatch by overnight courier to the address as specified in the Exercise Notice, a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise. Upon delivery of the Exercise Delivery Documents, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date such Warrant Shares are credited to the Holder’s DTC account or the date of delivery of the certificates evidencing such Warrant Shares, as the case may be. If this Warrant is submitted in connection with any exercise pursuant to this Section 1(a) and the number of Warrant Shares represented by this Warrant submitted for exercise is greater than the number of Warrant Shares being acquired upon an exercise, then the Company shall as soon as practicable and in no event later than three Trading Days after any such submission and at its own expense, issue a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)) representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares purchasable immediately prior to such exercise under this Warrant, less the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been and/or is exercised. The Company shall pay any and all taxes and other expenses of the Company (including overnight delivery charges) that may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the registration of any certificates for Warrant Shares or Warrants in a name other than that of the Holder or an affiliate thereof. The Holder shall be responsible for all other tax liability that may arise as a result of holding or transferring this Warrant or receiving Warrant Shares upon exercise hereof.

____________________________

¹ 4% of units sold.

(b) Exercise Price. For purposes of this Warrant, “Exercise Price” means $[●], subject to adjustment as provided herein.

(c) Company’s Failure to Timely Deliver Securities. If the Company shall fail for any reason or for no reason to issue to the Holder within five (5) Business Days of the Exercise Date a certificate for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled and register such shares of Common Stock on the Company’s share register or to credit the Holder’s balance account with DTC for such number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s exercise of this Warrant, and if on or after such Trading Day the Holder purchases, or another Person purchasers on the Holder’s behalf or for the Holder’s account (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise that the Holder anticipated receiving from the Company (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall, within three (3) Business Days after the Holder’s written request and in the Holder’s discretion, either (i) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to deliver such certificate (and to issue such Warrant Shares) shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Warrant Shares and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of shares of Common Stock, times (B) the VWAP (as reported by Bloomberg) on the date of the event giving rise to the Company’s obligation to deliver such certificate.

(d) Cashless Exercise. The Holder may, in its sole discretion, exercise this Warrant in whole or in part and, in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to the Company upon such exercise in payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price, elect instead to receive upon such exercise the “Net Number” of shares of Common Stock determined according to the following formula (a “Cashless Exercise”):

Net Number = (A B) (X)

(A)

For purposes of the foregoing formula:

A= the WVAP for the three (3) consecutive Trading Days ending on the date immediately preceding the date of the Exercise Notice.

B= the Exercise Price then in effect for the applicable Warrant Shares at the time of such exercise.

X= the total number of shares with respect to which this Warrant is then being exercised.

(e) Rule 144. For purposes of Rule 144(d) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as in effect on the date hereof, assuming the Holder is not an affiliate of the Company, it is intended that the Warrant Shares issued in a Cashless Exercise shall be deemed to have been acquired by the Holder, and the holding period for the Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have commenced, on the Issuance Date.

(f) Disputes. In the case of a dispute as to the determination of the Exercise Price or the arithmetic calculation of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall promptly issue to the Holder the number of Warrant Shares that are not disputed.

(g) Beneficial Ownership. The Company shall not effect the exercise of this Warrant, and the Holder shall not have the right to exercise this Warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such Person (together with such Person’s affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Person and its affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by such Person and its affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company beneficially owned by such Person and its affiliates (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible preferred stock or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this paragraph, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). For purposes of this Warrant, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in the most recent of (1) the Company’s most recent Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other public filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as the case may be, (2) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (3) any other notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. For any reason at any time, upon the written or oral request of the Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Business Days confirm to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder and its affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. By written notice to the Company, the Holder may from time to time increase or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% specified in such notice; provided that (i) any such increase will not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such notice is delivered to the Company, and (ii) any such increase or decrease will apply only to the Holder. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 1(g) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended beneficial ownership limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation.

2. ADJUSTMENT OF EXERCISE PRICE AND NUMBER OF WARRANT SHARES. The Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares shall be adjusted from time to time as follows:

(a) Adjustment upon Subdivision or Combination of Common Stock. If the Company at any time on or after the Issuance Date subdivides (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, scheme, arrangement or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Shares will be proportionately increased. If the Company at any time on or after the Issuance Date combines (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, scheme, arrangement or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased and the number of Warrant Shares will be proportionately decreased. Any adjustment under this Section 2(a) shall become effective at the close of business on the date the subdivision or combination becomes effective.

(b) Other Events. If any event occurs of the type contemplated by the provisions of this Section 2 but not expressly provided for by such provisions (including, without limitation, the granting of stock appreciation rights or phantom stock rights), then the Company’s Board of Directors will make an appropriate adjustment in the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares so as to protect the rights of the Holder; provided that no such adjustment pursuant to this Section 2(b) will increase the Exercise Price or decrease the number of Warrant Shares as otherwise determined pursuant to this Section 2.

3. RIGHTS UPON DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS.

(a) If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall distribute to all holders of Common Stock (and not to the Holders) evidences of its indebtedness or assets (including cash and cash dividends) (a “Distribution”), then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Maximum Percentage) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution.

4. PURCHASE RIGHTS; FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTIONS.

(a) Purchase Rights. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 2 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then in each such case, the Company shall reserve Options, Convertible Securities or Purchase Rights for distribution to the Holder upon exercise of this Warrant so that, in addition to the shares of the Common Stock to which such Holder is entitled, such Holder will receive upon such exercise the amount and kind of such Options, Convertible Securities or Purchase Rights which such Holder would have received if the Holder had, immediately prior to the record date for the distribution of the Options, Convertible Securities or Purchase Rights, exercised this Warrant.

(b) Fundamental Transactions. The Company shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction unless the Successor Entity assumes in writing (unless the Company is the Successor Entity) all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section (4)(b) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders and approved by the Required Holders prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to each holder of the Warrants in exchange for such Warrants a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant, including, without limitation, an adjusted exercise price equal to the value for the shares of Common Stock reflected by the terms of such Fundamental Transaction, and exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon exercise of this Warrant at any time after the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the shares of Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of the publicly traded common stock or common shares (or its equivalent) of the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had this Warrant been converted immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for shares of Common Stock (a “Corporate Event”), the Company shall make appropriate provision to insure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon an exercise of this Warrant at any time after the consummation of the Corporate Event but prior to the Expiration Date, in lieu of shares of Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) purchasable upon the exercise of this Warrant prior to such Corporate Event, such shares of stock, securities, cash, assets or any other property whatsoever (including warrants or other purchase or subscription rights) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Corporate Event had this Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such Corporate Event. Provision made pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders. The provisions of this Section 4(b) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant.

(c) Applicability to Successive Transactions. The provisions of this Section shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant.

5. NONCIRCUMVENTION. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Company will not, by amendment of its Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, and will at all times in good faith comply with all the provisions of this Warrant and take all actions consistent with effectuating the purposes of this Warrant. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company (i) shall not increase the par value of any shares of Common Stock receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant above the Exercise Price then in effect, (ii) shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant, and (iii) shall, so long as this Warrant is outstanding, take all action necessary to reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the exercise of this Warrant, 100% of the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant then outstanding (without regard to any limitations on exercise).

6. WARRANT HOLDER NOT DEEMED A STOCKHOLDER. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Holder, solely in such Person’s capacity as a holder of this Warrant, shall not be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of share capital of the Company for any purpose, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant be construed to confer upon the Holder, solely in such Person’s capacity as the Holder of this Warrant, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of stock, reclassification of stock, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), receive notice of meetings, receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, prior to the issuance to the Holder of the Warrant Shares which such Person is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of this Warrant. In addition, nothing contained in this Warrant shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of this Warrant or otherwise) or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

7. REISSUANCE OF WARRANTS.

(a) Transfer of Warrant. If this Warrant is to be transferred, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company and deliver the completed and executed Assignment Form, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, whereupon the Company will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)), registered as the Holder may request, representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares being transferred by the Holder and, if less then the total number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant is being transferred, a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)) to the Holder representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares not being transferred.

(b) Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Warrant. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant, and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company in customary form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Warrant, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 7(d)) representing the right to purchase the Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant.

(c) Exchangeable for Multiple Warrants. This Warrant is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Holder at the principal office of the Company, for a new Warrant or Warrants (in accordance with Section 7(d)) representing in the aggregate the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant, and each such new Warrant will represent the right to purchase such portion of such Warrant Shares as is designated by the Holder at the time of such surrender; provided, however, that no Warrants for fractional shares of Common Stock shall be given.

(d) Issuance of New Warrants. Whenever the Company is required to issue a new Warrant pursuant to the terms of this Warrant, such new Warrant (i) shall be of like tenor with this Warrant, (ii) shall represent, as indicated on the face of such new Warrant, the right to purchase the Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant (or in the case of a new Warrant being issued pursuant to Section 7(a) or Section 7(c), the Warrant Shares designated by the Holder which, when added to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the other new Warrants issued in connection with such issuance, does not exceed the number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant), (iii) shall have an issuance date, as indicated on the face of such new Warrant which is the same as the Issuance Date, and (iv) shall have the same rights and conditions as this Warrant.

8. NOTICES. The Company shall provide Holder with prompt written notice of all actions taken pursuant to this Warrant. Whenever notice is required to be given under this Warrant, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in writing, will be mailed (a) if within the domestic United States by first-class registered or certified airmail, or nationally recognized overnight express courier, postage prepaid, or by facsimile or (b) if delivered from outside the United States, by International Federal Express or facsimile, and (c) will be deemed given (i) if delivered by first-class registered or certified mail domestic, three business days after so mailed, (ii) if delivered by nationally recognized overnight carrier, one business day after so mailed, (iii) if delivered by International Federal Express, two business days after so mailed and (iv) if delivered by facsimile, upon electronic confirmation of receipt, and will be delivered and addressed as follows:

(i) if to the Company, to:

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306

New York, NY 10022

Attn: Seth Lederman, Chief Executive Officer

Facsimile: (212) 923-5700

with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):

Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP

61 Broadway, 32nd Floor

New York, New York 10006

Attn: Marc J. Ross

Facsimile: (212) 930-9725

(ii) if to the Holder, at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company.

9. AMENDMENT AND WAIVER. Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of this Warrant may be amended and the Company may take any action herein prohibited, or omit to perform any act herein required to be performed by it, only if the Company has obtained the written consent of the Required Holders. Any such amendment shall apply to all Warrants and be binding upon all registered holders of such Warrants.

10. GOVERNING LAW; CONSENT TO JURISDICTION; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. This Warrant shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without reference to the choice of law provisions thereof. The Company and, by accepting this Warrant, the Holder, each irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York located in New York County and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, proceeding or judgment relating to or arising out of this Warrant and the transactions contemplated hereby. Service of process in connection with any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on each party hereto anywhere in the world by the same methods as are specified for the giving of notices under this Warrant. The Company and, by accepting this Warrant, the Holder, each irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit, action or proceeding and to the laying of venue in such court. The Company and, by accepting this Warrant, the Holder, each irrevocably waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such courts and irrevocably waives any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND, BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE HOLDER HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO REQUEST A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LITIGATION WITH RESPECT TO THIS WARRANT AND REPRESENTS THAT COUNSEL HAS BEEN CONSULTED SPECIFICALLY AS TO THIS WAIVER.

11. CONSTRUCTION; HEADINGS. This Warrant shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and the Holder and shall not be construed against any person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Warrant are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Warrant.

12. DISPUTE RESOLUTION. In the case of a dispute as to the determination of the Exercise Price or the arithmetic calculation of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall submit the disputed determinations or arithmetic calculations via facsimile within two (2) Business Days of receipt of the Exercise Notice giving rise to such dispute, as the case may be, to the Holder. If the Holder and the Company are unable to agree upon such determination or calculation of the Exercise Price or the Warrant Shares within three Business Days of such disputed determination or arithmetic calculation being submitted to the Holder, then the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days submit via facsimile (a) the disputed determination of the Exercise Price to an independent, reputable investment bank selected by the Company and approved by the Holder, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, or (b) the disputed arithmetic calculation of the Warrant Shares to the Company’s independent, outside accountant. The Company shall cause the investment bank or the accountant, as the case may be, to perform the determinations or calculations and notify the Company and the Holder of the results no later than ten Business Days from the time it receives the disputed determinations or calculations. The prevailing party (which, for purposes of this Warrant, is the party whose determinations or calculations is closest to those of the investment bank or the accountant, as the case may be) in any dispute resolved pursuant to this Section 12 shall be entitled to the full amount of all reasonable expenses, including all costs and fees paid or incurred in good faith, in relation to the resolution of such dispute. Such investment bank’s or accountant’s determination or calculation, as the case may be, shall be binding upon all parties absent demonstrable error.

13. REMEDIES, OTHER OBLIGATIONS, BREACHES AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF. The remedies provided in this Warrant shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Warrant, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), and nothing herein shall limit the right of the Holder to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Company to comply with the terms of this Warrant.

14. TRANSFER. Subject to applicable laws and the restrictions set forth in this paragraph, this Warrant may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without the consent of the Company. The Holder agrees that, pursuant to the Lock-Up Period (as defined below) contained in Rule 5110(g)(1) of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), it will not (a) sell, transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise transfer this Warrant (including any Warrant Shares issued or issuable hereunder) other than to a bona fide officer or partner of the Holder or any selected dealer in connection with the offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement, in each case in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(g)(1), or (b) cause this Warrant or any Warrant Shares issued or issuable hereunder to be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of this Warrant or any Warrant Shares issued or issuable hereunder, except as provided for in FINRA Rule 5110(g)(2). As used herein, the term “Lock-Up Period” means the period beginning on the date that the registration statement registering this Warrant is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Effective Date”) and ending on the one hundred eighty day anniversary of the Effective Date. In addition, notwithstanding the other terms of this Warrant or any agreement between the Company and the Holder, the Holder agrees that, as required by FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(H): (i) this Warrant may not be exercised more than five years from the Effective Date; (ii) the Holder shall not have more than one demand registration right at the Company’s expense; (iii) the Holder shall not have the right to demand registration of this Warrant or the Warrant Shares more than five years from the earlier of the Effective Date or the commencement of sales of the public offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement; (iv) the Holder shall not have the right to piggyback registration with respect to this Warrant or the Warrant Shares more than seven years from the earlier of the Effective Date or the commencement of sales of the public offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement; (v) this Warrant may not have anti-dilution terms that allow the Holder and related persons to receive more shares or to exercise at a lower price than originally agreed upon at the time of the public offering, when the public shareholders have not been proportionally affected by a stock split, stock dividend, or other similar event; and (vi) this Warrant may not have anti-dilution terms that allow the Holder and related persons to receive or accrue cash dividends prior to the exercise or conversion of the security.

15. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Warrant, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

(a) “Bloomberg” means Bloomberg Financial Markets.

(b) “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed.

(c) “Common Stock” means (i) the Company’s shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii) any share capital into which such Common Stock shall have been changed or any share capital resulting from a reclassification of such Common Stock.

(d) “Convertible Securities” means any stock or securities (other than Options) directly or indirectly convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock.

(e) “Eligible Market” means the Principal Market, The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., The NYSE MKT, The NASDAQ Global Market or The NASDAQ Global Select Market.

(f) “Expiration Date” means the fifth anniversary of the Issuance Date or, if such date falls on a day other than a Trading Day or on which trading does not take place on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded (a “Holiday”), the next date that is not a Holiday.

(g) “Fundamental Transaction” means that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions, (i) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Person (but excluding a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company), or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company to another Person, or (iii) allow another Person to make a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of more than the 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the Person or Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the Persons making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer), or (iv) consummate a stock purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person whereby such other Person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination), (v) reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify its Common Stock, or (vi) any “person” or “group” (as these terms are used for purposes of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or shall become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Stock.

(h) “Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

(i) “Parent Entity” of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction.

(j) “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof.

(k) “Principal Market” means The NASDAQ Capital Market.

(l) “Required Holders” means, as of any date, the holders of at least a majority of the Warrants outstanding as of such date.

(m) “Successor Entity” means the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been entered into.

(n) “Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock are traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock are then traded; provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Stock are scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Stock are suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time).

(o) “Weighted Average Price” means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official close of trading), as reported by Bloomberg through its “Volume at Price” function or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time (or such other time as the Principal Market publicly announces is the official close of trading), as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by OTC Markets LLC. If the Weighted Average Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Weighted Average Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 12 with the term “Weighted Average Price” being substituted for the term “Exercise Price.” All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period..

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to Purchase Common Stock to be duly executed as of the Issuance Date set out above.

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

By:

Name:

Title:

EXHIBIT A

EXERCISE NOTICE

TO BE EXECUTED BY THE REGISTERED HOLDER TO EXERCISE THIS

WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

The undersigned holder hereby exercises the right to purchase _________________ of the shares of Common Stock (“Warrant Shares”) of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), evidenced by the attached Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (the “Warrant”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Warrant.

1. Form of Exercise Price. The Holder intends that payment of the Exercise Price shall be made as:

____________ a “Cash Exercise” with respect to _________________ Warrant Shares; and/or

____________ a “Cashless Exercise” with respect to _______________ Warrant Shares.

2. Payment of Exercise Price. In the event that the holder has elected a Cash Exercise with respect to some or all of the Warrant Shares to be issued pursuant hereto, the holder shall pay the Aggregate Exercise Price in the sum of $___________________ to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Warrant.

3. Delivery of Warrant Shares. The Company shall deliver to the holder __________ Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms of the Warrant and, after delivery of such Warrant Shares, _____________ Warrant Shares remain subject to the Warrant.

Date: _______________ __, ______

Name of Registered Holder
By:
	Name:
	Title:

EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

Name:
	(Please Print)
Address:
	(Please Print)
Dated: _______________ __, ______
Holder’s Signature: ____________________
Holder’s Address: _____________________

NOTE: The signature to this Assignment Form must correspond with the name as it appears on the face of the Warrant, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever. Officers of corporations and those acting in a fiduciary or other representative capacity should file proper evidence of authority to assign the foregoing Warrant.

EX-5.01

June 20, 2013

VIA ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION

Securities and Exchange Commission

100 F Street, N.E.

Washington, DC 20549

Re: Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-188547)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We refer to the above-captioned registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), filed by Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

We have examined the originals, photocopies, certified copies or other evidence of such records of the Company, certificates of officers of the Company and public officials, and other documents as we have deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinion hereinafter expressed. In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as certified copies or photocopies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents.

Based on our examination mentioned above, we are of the opinion that the securities being sold pursuant to the Registration Statement are duly authorized and will be, when issued in the manner described in the Registration Statement, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.01 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under "Legal Matters" in the related Prospectus. In giving the foregoing consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act, or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP

 

61 Broadway        New York, New York        10006 212-930-9700        212-930-9725 Fax

www.srff.com

EX-23.01

Exhibit 23.01

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report dated March 8, 2013, except for the third paragraph of Note 15, as to which the date is May 1, 2013, in Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement (Form S-1/A No. 333-188547) and related Prospectus of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. for the registration of 1,920,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock.

/s/ EISNERAMPER LLP

New York, New York

June 19, 2013

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DECEMBER 2012 FINANCING

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Financing, December 2012 [Text Block]

NOTE 8 – DECEMBER 2012 FINANCING

On December 4, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,404,167 units (“Units”) to certain accredited investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $1,615,000, at a price per Unit of $0.40, and the exchange of $710,000 in previously issued convertible debentures of the Company that were converted into Units at a price of $0.30 per Unit. On December 21, 2012, the Company issued 2,500,000 Units to a single accredited investor for cash proceeds of $1,000,000, at a price per Unit of $0.40. In connection with the Financing, the Company paid an agent a cash payment of $70,000, which represented a 7% commission of the gross proceeds delivered by the investor in the financing.

Each Unit consisted of .05 share of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value, a Class A Warrant to purchase .05 share of Common Stock (the “Class A Warrants”), and a Class B Warrant to purchase .05 share of Common Stock (the “Class B Warrants” and together with the Class A Warrants, the “Warrants”).The Class A Warrants have an exercise price of $12.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The Class A Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances. The Class B Warrants have an exercise price of $8.00 per share of Common Stock and will be exercisable for a period of one year from the date of issuance.

In connection with the Financing, the Company granted each Purchaser registration rights. The Company is obligated to use its best efforts to cause a registration statement registering for resale the common stock included in the Units and the common stock underlying the Class A Warrants to be filed no later than 60 days (as amended) from the date of termination of the Financing and must be declared effective no later than 120 days from the date of termination of the Financing. Moreover, the Company will maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement from its effective date unless all securities registered under the registration statement have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). If the Company fails to comply with the registration statement filing or effective date requirements, the Company is required to pay the investors a fee equal to 1.0% of the Purchaser’s investment, for each 30-day period of delay, subject to a maximum payment of 10% to each Purchaser. On January 25, 2013, the Company filed the required registration statement.

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INCOME TAXES (Details) (USD $)	Dec. 31, 2012		Dec. 31, 2011
Deferred tax assets:
Organization costs	$ 0		$ 733
Research and development credit carryforward	6,188	[1]	6,188	[1]
Net operating loss carryforwards	5,207,759		2,329,829
Other	147,003		132,482
Total deferred tax assets	5,360,950		2,469,232
Valuation allowance	(5,360,950)		(2,469,232)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 0		$ 0

[1] The Company has incurred research and development ("R&D") expenses, a portion of which may qualify for tax credits. The Company has not conducted an R&D credit study to quantify the amount of credits and has not claimed an R&D credit on its federal tax returns filed except for $6,188 in 2007. The Company may conduct the study in future years and may establish the R&D credit carryforward for prior years. In such event, the net operating loss carryforward will be correspondingly reduced by the amount of the credit.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Research and development	$ 740,629	$ 397,628	$ 2,583,308	$ 1,158,167	$ 4,535,262	$ 5,275,891
General and administrative	1,260,596	762,737	4,078,102	2,220,361	8,333,349	9,593,945
Total operating expenses	2,001,225	1,160,365	6,661,410	3,378,528	12,868,611	14,869,836
Operating Loss	(2,001,225)	(1,160,365)	(6,661,410)	(3,378,528)	(12,868,611)	(14,869,836)
Gain on extinguishment of debt	0	0	0	0	7,908	7,908
Other income	0	0	1,875	0	1,875	1,875
Change in fair value of warrants liability	0	47,023	(1,177,026)		(1,177,026)	(1,177,026)
Interest and other financing costs, net	22	(901,646)	(1,613,039)	(91,585)	(1,808,426)	(1,808,404)
NET LOSS	$ (2,001,203)	$ (2,014,988)	$ (9,449,600)	$ (3,470,113)	$ (15,844,280)	$ (17,845,483)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.93)	$ (1.27)	$ (5.58)	$ (3.24)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted (in shares)	2,159,156	1,582,544	1,693,436	1,071,295

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 contained herein has been derived from audited financial statements.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 11, 2013.

Basis of presentation

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties; the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future operations. In addition, the Company has working capital and stockholders' deficiencies as of March 31, 2013. The Company requires additional financing, for which there are no existing commitments, to fund its working capital deficiency and future operations. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and there is no assurance that if approval of its products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company expects that cash used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years and it is the Company's intent to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and may be required to reduce or cease operations.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the useful life of fixed assets and assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation.

Research and development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses these costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing products for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Income taxes

Income tax provisions or benefits for interim periods are computed based on the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate. Based on the Company's historical losses and its expectation of continuation of losses for the foreseeable future, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized and, accordingly, has provided a full valuation allowance. As the Company anticipates or anticipated that its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 would be fully offset by a valuation allowance, there is no federal or state income tax benefit for the periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 related to losses incurred during such periods.

Per share data

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (see Note 3).

As of March 31, 2013, there are outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,270,732 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 5). In addition, the Company has issued to employees, options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock of which 376,500 were outstanding at March 31, 2013 (see Note 4). In computing diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Krele LLC (hereafter referred to as the “Company” or “Tonix”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties, the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future. In addition, although the Company has approximately $900,000 of working capital at December 31, 2012, the Company will require additional financing to fund future operations as it is expected that cash to be used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and has not generated revenues and there is no assurance that if approval of their products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The Company intends to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing; however the Company does not have any commitments or definitive or binding arrangements for such funds. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and operations substantially.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation and the fair value of other equity instruments.

Research and Development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses related costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing product for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Furniture and equipment

Furniture and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset's estimated useful life, which is three years for computer assets and five years for furniture and all other equipment. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of net operating loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts measured at the current enacted tax rates. The Company records an estimated valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is not more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company has not recorded any unrecognized tax benefits.

Stock-based compensation

All stock-based payments to employees and to nonemployee directors for their services as directors, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as compensation or other expense over the relevant service period. Stock-based payments to nonemployees are recognized as an expense over the period of performance. Such payments are measured at fair value at the earlier of the date a performance commitment is reached or the date performance is completed. In addition, for awards that vest immediately and are non forfeitable the measurement date is the date the award is issued.

Per share data:

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to the exchange ratio in the Share Exchange in October 2011, which was accounted for as a recapitalization of the Company (see Note 1), and to the 1-for-20 reverse stock split, which was effected on May 1, 2013 (see Note 15).

In October 2011, upon completion of the share exchange referred to above, the Company issued Convertible Debentures in the amount of $2,075,000 which, as of December 31, 2011, were convertible into approximately 199,250 common shares. In January 2012, the debentures were exchanged for units or repaid (see Note 5). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2011, no effect has been given to such shares as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, upon completion of the various financings, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,259,934 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 11). In addition, in May 2012, the Company issued to employees options to acquire an aggregate of 175,000 shares of the Company’s common stock of which 150,000 were outstanding at December 31, 2012 (see Note 10). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

NOTE 7 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 26, 2013, the Company issued an aggregate of 38,334 shares of common stock in exchange for $306,667 upon exercise of warrants.A

NOTE 15 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 12, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2012 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval. The Amended and Restated 2012 Plan includes amendments which: 1) authorize 550,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance; and 2) prohibit the issuance of any options with terms or features that would cause the options to be nonqualified deferred compensation that fails to comply with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On February 12, 2013, 226,500 options were granted under the Amended and Restated 2012 Plan, with an exercise price of $10.20 and a 10 year life. The exercise price is equal to the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock during the immediate prior 30 calendar day period. The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

On May 1, 2013, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation and effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, whereby 43,182,599 outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were exchanged for 2,159,156 newly issued shares of the Company's common stock. Under the terms of the reverse stock split, fractional shares issuable to stockholders were rounded up to the nearest whole share, resulting in a reverse split slightly less than 1-for-20 in the aggregate. All per share amounts and number of shares (other than authorized shares) in the consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split resulting in the transfer of $41,024 from common stock to additional paid in capital at December 31, 2012.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Related Party Transaction, Expenses from Transactions with Related Party	$ 62,500	$ 76,250
Interest Expense			3,155
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount	0	0	320,000	0	820,000	820,000
Proceeds from Convertible Debt	0	0	390,000	1,501,000	1,891,000	1,891,000
Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				8.00%
Proceeds from Convertible Debt				500,000
Related Party [Member]
Proceeds from Interest Received			6,183
Related Party [Member] | Consulting Service Agreement [Member]
Contractual Obligation		250,000
Management [Member] | Promissory Notes [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount			320,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Type			promissory notes
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount			320,000
Management [Member] | Debentures [Member]
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price			$ 6.00		$ 6.00
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount			320,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Type			Debentures
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount			390,000
January 2012 Financing [Member] | Consulting Service Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction, Expenses from Transactions with Related Party			$ 300,583	$ 294,750

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

On May 2, 2012, the Company filed amended and restated Articles of Incorporation. Among other changes, the Company increased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.001 par value to 150,000,000. Additionally, the Company is now authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value with such designations, preferences and participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as shall be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

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STOCK WARRANTS (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012
Number of Warrants Outstanding	1,270,732	1,259,934
Number Of Share Warrants Vested	1,262,632
Outstanding Warrants One [Member]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	8.00	8.00
Number of Warrants Outstanding	445,209	445,209
Number Of Share Warrants Vested	445,209
Expiration Date	December 2013	December 2013
Outstanding Warrants Two [Member]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	12.00	12.00
Number of Warrants Outstanding	456,008	445,209
Number Of Share Warrants Vested	447,908
Expiration Date	December 2017 to January 2018	December 2017
Outstanding Warrants Three [Member]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	20.00	20.00
Number of Warrants Outstanding	15,288	15,288
Number Of Share Warrants Vested	15,288
Expiration Date	January 2014 to January 2015	January 2014 to January 2015
Outstanding Warrants Four [Member]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	25.00	25.00
Number of Warrants Outstanding	354,227	354,228
Number Of Share Warrants Vested	354,227
Expiration Date	January 2017 to March 2019	January 2017 to March 2019

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross		175,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 30.00
Expected term of option	6 years	6 years 6 months
Stockholders' Equity, Reverse Stock Split	1-for-20	1-for-20
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Stockholders' Equity Note, Changes in Capital Structure, Subsequent Changes to Number of Common Shares	2,159,156
Shares Outstanding Before Reverse Stock Split	43,182,599
Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Stock Split	$ 41,024
Common Stock Issued Value In Exchange Of Warrants		3,632,311	612,000	1,342,001
Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock Issued Shares In Exchange Of Warrants		330,892	133,530	292,804
Common Stock Issued Value In Exchange Of Warrants		331	133	293
Subsequent Event [Member]
Stockholders' Equity, Reverse Stock Split		1-for-20
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.001
Stockholders' Equity Note, Changes in Capital Structure, Subsequent Changes to Number of Common Shares		2,159,156
Shares Outstanding Before Reverse Stock Split		43,182,599
Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Stock Split		41,024
Common Stock Issued Shares In Exchange Of Warrants	38,334
Common Stock Issued Value In Exchange Of Warrants	$ 306,667
Amended and Restated2012 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	550,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross	226,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.2
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights	The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.
Amended and Restated2012 Plan [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized		550,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross		226,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 10.20
Expected term of option		10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights		The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

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CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 2011 (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended		7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2007	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Convertible Debentures Issued Upon Share Exchange					$ 1,625,000
Convertible Debentures Sold Carrying Amount				390,000	1,125,000
Sales Commissions and Fees					40,000
Legal Fees					20,000
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Issuance Date of Debt, Day, Month and Year					Sep. 09, 2011
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Interest Rate of Debt				8.00%	8.00%
Common Stock Issued			9,750		144,000
Proceeds From Issuance Of Convertible Debentures Net Of Fees					1,065,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued (in shares)				13,750
Debt Instrument Convertible Future Minimum Proceeds On Maturity				3,425,000
Debt Conversion Converted Instrument Percentage Of Shares Issued				1.00%
Debt Conversion Number Of Converted Instrument (in shares)				125,000
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Conversion of Debt Securities (in shares)					199,250
Convertible Debt, Noncurrent				0	1,925,000	0
Adjustments To Additional Paid In Capital Fair Value Of Warrants Issued In Connection With Bridge Convertible Debentures				83,289
Stock Issued During Period Value In Connection With Bridge Financing				368,280
Repayment of Convertible Debt	0	150,000		150,000	0	150,000	150,000
Percentage Of Shares Issuable Upon Excercise Of Warrants				33.00%
Interest Expense				3,155
Exercise Price Of Warrants Issued (in dollars per share)				$ 20.00
Price of the Company's common stock (in dollars per share)				$ 12.40		$ 12.40
Accumulated Amortization, Deferred Finance Costs					53,000
Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate				0.00%
Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate				0.91%
Amortization and write off of deferred financing costs	0	196,166		196,166	53,377	249,543	249,543
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount	0	0		320,000	0	820,000	820,000
Common Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period Shares In Connection With Bridge Financing (in shares)				29,700
Deferred Financing Costs [Member]
Legal Fees				20,000
Common Stock Issued (in shares)				20,000
Common Stock Issued				144,000
Payment Of Cash To Placement Agents				54,000
Interest Expense				32,000
Minimum [Member]
Percentage Of Shares Issuable Upon Excercise Of Warrants				3.00%
Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term				2 years
Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate				73.00%
Maximum [Member]
Percentage Of Shares Issuable Upon Excercise Of Warrants				9.00%
Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term				3 years
Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate				94.00%
Second Placement Agents [Member]
Common Stock Issued (in shares)					20,000
Common Stock Issued					144,000
Third Placement Agents [Member]
Sales Commissions and Fees					14,000
Convertible Debentures Issued During Period Value Issued For Services					450,000
Proceeds From Issuance Of Convertible Debentures Net Of Fees					436,000
Placement Agents [Member]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued (in shares)				1,538
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Conversion of Debt Securities (in shares)					4,400
Fair Value Of Stock Issuance Liability Recognized					32,000
Interest Expense		6,126
Exercise Price Of Warrants Issued (in dollars per share)				$ 20.00
Liability Charged To Interest		32,000
Convertible Debentures Converted To Notes Payable [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount					$ 500,000

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JANUARY AND MARCH 2012 FINANCING (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Share-Based Payment Award, Warrants, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The following assumptions were used in the Binomial Lattice model to determine fair value of the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants:

	Issuance date January 20 and March 1, 2012			Expiration date June 6, 2012
Price of the Company’s common stock	$	12.40		$	17.00
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%
Expected terms		5 – 7 years			4.6 - 6.7 years
Risk free interest rate		0.89 - 1.47	%		0.73 - 1.11	%
Expected volatility		96.68 - 96.69	%		95.73	%
Expected price at which holders are likely to exercise their warrants	$	25.00		$	25.00

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FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

Furniture and equipment as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 is summarized as follows:

	2012			2011
Office furniture and equipment	$	78,535		$	42,862
Less:  accumulated depreciation		(31,641	)		(17,312	)
	$	46,894		$	25,550

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STOCK OPTIONS (Details 2) (USD $)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Shares,Outstanding at January 1, 2012	0	376,500
Shares, Grants	175,000
Shares,Exercised	0
Shares,Forfeitures or expirations	(25,000)
Shares,Outstanding at December 31, 2012	150,000	376,500
Shares,Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012	150,000
Shares,Exercisable at December 31, 2012	0
Weighted-Average Exercise Price,Outstanding at January 1, 2012	$ 0
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Grants	$ 30.00
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised	$ 0
Weighted-Average Exercise Price,Forfeitures or expirations	$ 30.00
Weighted-Average Exercise Price,Outstanding at December 31, 2012	$ 30.00
Weighted-Average Exercise Price,Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012	$ 30.00
Weighted-Average Exercise Price,Exercisable at December 31, 2012	$ 0
Weighted - Average Remaining Contractual Term,Grants	10 years
Weighted-Average Remaining ContractualTerm,Outstanding at December 31, 2012	9 years 4 months 6 days
Weighted-Average Remaining ContractualTerm,Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012	9 years 4 months 6 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable at December 31, 2012	0 years
AggregateIntrinsic Value,Grants	$ 0
AggregateIntrinsic Value,Exercised	$ 0
AggregateIntrinsic Value,Outstanding at December 31, 2012	0
AggregateIntrinsic Value,Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012	0
AggregateIntrinsic Value,Exercisable at December 31, 2012	$ 0

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REVERSE STOCK SPLIT (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Stockholders' Equity, Reverse Stock Split	1-for-20	1-for-20
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Shares Outstanding Before Reverse Stock Split	43,182,599
Stockholders' Equity Note, Changes in Capital Structure, Subsequent Changes to Number of Common Shares	2,159,156
Reverse Stock Split Effective Date	May 01, 2013	May 01, 2013
Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Stock Split	$ 41,024

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JANUARY AND MARCH 2012 FINANCING (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)				199,250
Entity's Volume Weighted Average Price			$ 34.60
Warrants Exercise Terms and Expiration Description			In the event that the Company's average daily volume weighted average price was at or above $15.00 during the Measuring Period, the Class B Warrants were to expire unexercised. The Announcement Date was the earlier of (1) the date on which the Company announces via press release the results of the pharmacokinetic study of its TNX-102 drug formulation; or (2) June 1, 2012. On April 5, 2012 the Company issued a press release announcing the results of the pharmacokinetic study of its TNX-102 drug formulation, which is defined as an Announcement Date for the purpose of the Class B Warrants. Based on the Company's average daily volume weighted average price, which was $34.60 per share, during the Measuring Period, the Class B Warrants expired unexercised.
Change in fair value of warrant liability	$ 0	$ (47,023)	$ 1,177,026		$ 1,177,026	$ 1,177,026
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock	10,800		1,538
Percentage Of Shares Issuable Upon Excercise Of Warrants				33.00%
Stock Units Issued Upon Conversion Of Convertible Debt Purchase Price			25,000
Warrants reclassified to equity upon expiry of reset provisions	0	0	3,938,946	0	3,938,946	3,938,946
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 12.00		$ 20.00
Common Stock [Member]
Number Of Shares Included In One Stock Unit (in shares)			1,250
Warrant [Member]
Valuation Assumptions Issuance Date 1			Jan. 20, 2012
Valuation Assumptions Issuance Date 2			Mar. 01, 2012
Valuation Assumptions Expiration Date			Jun. 06, 2012
Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]
Warrants reclassified to equity upon expiry of reset provisions			3,938,946
Placement Agents [Member]
Financing Arrangements Expense			706,511
Placement Agents [Member] | Other Financing Cost [Member]
Financing Arrangements Expense			270,798
Placement Agents [Member] | Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]
Financing Arrangements Expense			435,713
Minimum [Member]
Percentage Of Investor Fee Payable Under Registration Rights Agreement			1.00%
Maximum [Member]
Percentage Of Investor Fee Payable Under Registration Rights Agreement			10.00%
Class A Warrant [Member]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)			1,250
Class B Warrant [Member]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)			1,250
Entity Minimum Volume Weighted Average Price Effect On Exercise Warrants			$ 15.00
January 2012 Financing [Member]
Stock Units Issued During Period			172.118
Proceeds From Issuance Of Stock Units			2,377,950
Proceeds From Conversion Of Convertible Debentures			1,925,000
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock			215,148
January 2012 Financing [Member] | Placement Agents [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock			11,765
March 2012 Financing [Member]
Stock Units Issued During Period			92.5926
Proceeds From Issuance Of Stock Units			2,314,815
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock			115,741
March 2012 Financing [Member] | Placement Agents [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock			11,574
Financing Arrangements [Member]
Warrants Exercise Period			7 years
Percentage Of Shares Issuable Upon Excercise Of Warrants			10.00%
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 25.00
Financing Arrangements [Member] | Placement Agents [Member]
Payment For Commission			466,777
Percentage Of Commission Paid			8.00%
Percentage Of Non Accountable Expenses			2.00%
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock			23,339
Financing Arrangements [Member] | Class A Warrant [Member]
Warrants Not Settleable In Cash Fair Value Disclosure			2,549,684		2,549,684
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 25.00
Financing Arrangements [Member] | Agent Warrants [Member]
Warrants Not Settleable In Cash Fair Value Disclosure			$ 212,235		$ 212,235

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STOCK WARRANTS (Details 1)	12 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013 Warrant [Member]
Risk-free interest rate	0.91%	0.77%
Life of warrant		5 years
Expected stock price volatility		102.46%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

Deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowance as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

	December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets:
Organization costs	$	-		$	733
Research and development credit carryforward (1)		6,188			6,188
Net operating loss carryforwards		5,207,759			2,329,829
Other		147,003			132,482
Total deferred tax assets		5,360,950			2,469,232
Valuation allowance		(5,360,950	)		(2,469,232	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	0		$	0

(1) The Company has incurred research and development (“R&D”) expenses, a portion of which may qualify for tax credits. The Company has not conducted an R&D credit study to quantify the amount of credits and has not claimed an R&D credit on its federal tax returns filed except for $6,188 in 2007. The Company may conduct the study in future years and may establish the R&D credit carryforward for prior years. In such event, the net operating loss carryforward will be correspondingly reduced by the amount of the credit.

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

A reconciliation of the effect of applying the federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate used to calculate the Company's income tax provision is as follows:

	Year Ended  December 31,
	2012			2011
Statutory federal income tax		(34.0	)%		(34.0	)%
State income tax, net of federal tax effect		(10.5	)%		(5.9	)%
Permanent difference		13.9	%		5.0	%
Increase in valuation allowance		30.6	%		34.9	%
Income tax provision		0	%		0	%

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Details Textual) (USD $)	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000	75,000,000
Common Stock, Par Or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000	0
Preferred stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Interim Financial Statements [Policy Text Block]

Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 contained herein has been derived from audited financial statements.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 11, 2013.

Basis Of Accounting [Policy Text Block]

Basis of presentation

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties; the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future operations. In addition, the Company has working capital and stockholders' deficiencies as of March 31, 2013. The Company requires additional financing, for which there are no existing commitments, to fund its working capital deficiency and future operations. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and there is no assurance that if approval of its products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company expects that cash used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years and it is the Company's intent to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and may be required to reduce or cease operations.

Basis of presentation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Krele LLC (hereafter referred to as the “Company” or “Tonix”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties, the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future. In addition, although the Company has approximately $900,000 of working capital at December 31, 2012, the Company will require additional financing to fund future operations as it is expected that cash to be used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and has not generated revenues and there is no assurance that if approval of their products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The Company intends to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing; however the Company does not have any commitments or definitive or binding arrangements for such funds. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and operations substantially.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the useful life of fixed assets and assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation and the fair value of other equity instruments.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses these costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing products for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Research and Development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses related costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing product for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Furniture and equipment

Furniture and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset's estimated useful life, which is three years for computer assets and five years for furniture and all other equipment. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income taxes

Income tax provisions or benefits for interim periods are computed based on the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate. Based on the Company's historical losses and its expectation of continuation of losses for the foreseeable future, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized and, accordingly, has provided a full valuation allowance. As the Company anticipates or anticipated that its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 would be fully offset by a valuation allowance, there is no federal or state income tax benefit for the periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 related to losses incurred during such periods.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of net operating loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts measured at the current enacted tax rates. The Company records an estimated valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is not more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company has not recorded any unrecognized tax benefits.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

Stock-based compensation

All stock-based payments to employees and to nonemployee directors for their services as directors, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as compensation or other expense over the relevant service period. Stock-based payments to nonemployees are recognized as an expense over the period of performance. Such payments are measured at fair value at the earlier of the date a performance commitment is reached or the date performance is completed. In addition, for awards that vest immediately and are non forfeitable the measurement date is the date the award is issued.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Per share data

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (see Note 3).

As of March 31, 2013, there are outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,270,732 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 5). In addition, the Company has issued to employees, options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock of which 376,500 were outstanding at March 31, 2013 (see Note 4). In computing diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Per share data:

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to the exchange ratio in the Share Exchange in October 2011, which was accounted for as a recapitalization of the Company (see Note 1), and to the 1-for-20 reverse stock split, which was effected on May 1, 2013 (see Note 15).

In October 2011, upon completion of the share exchange referred to above, the Company issued Convertible Debentures in the amount of $2,075,000 which, as of December 31, 2011, were convertible into approximately 199,250 common shares. In January 2012, the debentures were exchanged for units or repaid (see Note 5). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2011, no effect has been given to such shares as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, upon completion of the various financings, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,259,934 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 11). In addition, in May 2012, the Company issued to employees options to acquire an aggregate of 175,000 shares of the Company’s common stock of which 150,000 were outstanding at December 31, 2012 (see Note 10). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY) [Parenthetical] (USD $)	7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2007	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2009
Price per share issued to founders for intellectual property	$ 3.00			$ 4.52
Price per share issued for services	$ 3.00		$ 7.20
Price per share conversion of senior convertible notes into capital stock					$ 2.60
Price per share issued to directors, employees and consultants			$ 4.60	$ 4.76	$ 3.00
Price per share conversion of demand notes into capital stock				$ 4.60
Price per share conversion of accrued interest on demand notes into capital stock				$ 4.60
Price per share of capital stock				$ 4.60
Price per share of capital preferred stock			$ 4.60
Price per share issued to holders of convertible debentures one		$ 12.40
Price per share issued of common stock		$ 12.40
Stock issuance costs (in dollars)		$ 435,713
Price per share issued to holders of convertible debentures Two		$ 6.00
Price per share issued of common stock		$ 8.00
Common and warrants issue expenses (in dollars)		$ 70,000

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS [Parenthetical] (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Expenses from convertible debentures			$ 24,000		$ 24,000
Expenses from sale of units consisting of common stock and warrants	$ 374,870	$ 374,870		$ 374,870	$ 374,870

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REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 3 – REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

On May 1, 2013, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation and effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, whereby 43,182,599 outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were exchanged for 2,159,156 newly issued shares of the Company's common stock. Under the terms of the reverse stock split, fractional shares issuable to stockholders were rounded up to the nearest whole share, resulting in a reverse split slightly less than 1-for-20 in the aggregate. All per share amounts and number of shares (other than authorized shares) in the consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split resulting in the transfer of $41,024 from common stock to additional paid in capital at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

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BUSINESS AND RECAPITALIZATION

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]

NOTE 1 – BUSINESS AND RECAPITALIZATION

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., through its wholly owned subsidiary Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Tonix Sub, is attempting to develop safer and more effective versions of widely prescribed central nervous system ("CNS") drugs. While some new applications can use the commercially available form of the drug, in other cases, reformulating the active ingredient improves its safety or effectiveness in treating the CNS condition. When formal development programs have proven successful in clinical tests, Tonix Sub intends to seek marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA").

On August 16, 2010, Tonix Sub formed Krele LLC ("Krele") in the state of Delaware. Krele is a limited liability corporation whose sole member is Tonix Sub. Krele was established to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate new drug application products or versions of drug efficacy study implementation products. The Company expects that its relationship to Krele will be similar to that of several other pharmaceutical companies and their subsidiaries that market generic versions of the parent's branded products at different periods in their product life-cycle.

On October 7, 2011, Tonix Sub (formerly Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. incorporated on June 7, 2007 in the State of Delaware) and a publicly traded non-operating shell company Tamandare Explorations Inc. (“Tamandare”), incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada, along with certain other parties executed and consummated a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange”). Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Sub’s common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and each share of Tonix Sub’s Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of Tamandare’s common stock. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Sub shareholders, including holders of restricted shares, which were subject to accelerated vesting, received in exchange for all of their shares, an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and Tamandare’s existing stockholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Sub shareholders constituted approximately 85% of Tamandare’s 1,333,334 issued and outstanding shares of common stock after the Share Exchange. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Sub became Tamandare’s wholly-owned subsidiary and in October 2011 Tamandare was renamed Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. As the owners and management of Tonix Sub obtained voting and operating control of Tamandare after the Share Exchange and Tamandare was non-operating, had no assets or liabilities and did not meet the definition of a business, the transaction has been accounted for as a recapitalization of Tonix Sub, accompanied by the issuance of its common stock for outstanding common stock of Tamandare, which was recorded at a nominal value. The accompanying financial statements and related notes give retroactive effect to the recapitalization as if it had occurred on June 7, 2007 (inception date) and accordingly all share and per share amounts have been adjusted.

Tonix Pharmaceutical Holding Corp. and its subsidiaries are hereafter referred to as the “Company”.

NOTE 1 –BUSINESS AND RECAPITALIZATION

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. through its wholly owned subsidiary Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is attempting to develop safer and more effective versions of widely prescribed central nervous system ("CNS") drugs. While some new applications can use the commercially available form of the drug, in other cases reformulating the active ingredient improves its safety or effectiveness in treating the CNS condition. When formal development programs have proven successful in clinical tests, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. intends to seek marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA").

On August 16, 2010, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. formed Krele LLC ("Krele") in the state of Delaware. Krele is a limited liability corporation whose sole member is Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc. Krele was established to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate new drug application products or versions of drug efficacy study implementation products. The Company expects that its relationship to Krele will be similar to that of several other pharmaceutical companies and their subsidiaries that market generic versions of the parent's branded products at different periods in their product life-cycle.

On October 7, 2011, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. incorporated on June 7, 2007 in the State of Delaware) and a publicly traded non-operating shell company Tamandare Explorations Inc. (“Tamandare”), incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada, along with certain other parties executed and consummated a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange”). Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and each share of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of Tamandare’s common stock. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, the Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. shareholders, including holders of restricted shares, which were subject to accelerated vesting, received in exchange for all of their shares, an aggregate of 1,133,334 shares of Tamandare’s common stock and Tamandare’s existing stockholders retained 200,000 shares of common stock. The 1,133,334 shares issued to the Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. shareholders constituted approximately 85% of Tamandare’s 1,333,334 issued and outstanding shares of common stock after the Share Exchange. Upon completion of the Share Exchange, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. became Tamandare’s wholly-owned subsidiary and in October 2011 Tamandare was renamed Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. As the owners and management of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. obtained voting and operating control of Tamandare after the Share Exchange and Tamandare was non-operating, had no assets or liabilities and did not meet the definition of a business, the transaction has been accounted for as a recapitalization of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., accompanied by the issuance of its common stock for outstanding common stock of Tamandare, which was recorded at a nominal value. The accompanying financial statements and related notes give retroactive effect to the recapitalization as if it had occurred on June 7, 2007 (inception date) and accordingly all share and per share amounts have been adjusted.

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CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 2012 (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Convertible Debentures Sold Carrying Amount			$ 390,000	$ 1,125,000
Proceeds from Convertible Debt	0	0	390,000	1,501,000	1,891,000	1,891,000
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount	0	0	320,000	0	820,000	820,000
Debt Instrument Convertible Future Minimum Proceeds On Maturity			3,425,000
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Interest Rate of Debt			8.00%	8.00%
Promissory Notes Two Converted To Debentures [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount			320,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount			320,000
Promissory Notes One Exchanged For Borrowings [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount			320,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount			320,000
Debentures [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount			710,000
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description			The Debentures mature on the earlier of (i) November 14, 2013 or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which we receive gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $100,000 (a "Subsequent Financing").
Debt Instrument Convertible Future Minimum Proceeds On Maturity			100,000
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Interest Rate of Debt			8.00%
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Terms of Conversion Feature			convertible at the holder's option into either (i) a Subsequent Financing at a price equal to a 25% discount to the price of securities sold in the Subsequent Financing or (ii) shares of the Company's common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $20.00.
Discount On Price Of Securities Sold			25.00%
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price			$ 6.00		$ 6.00
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Beneficial Conversion Feature			$ 710,000
Debt Instrument Convertible Conversion Price Before Discount			$ 8.00		$ 8.00
Debt Instrument Convertible Original Conversion Price			$ 20.00		$ 20.00
Debt Instrument Convertible Stock Price			$ 10.20		$ 10.20

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STOCK OPTIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity [Table Text Block]

Following is a summary of activity for the year ended December 31, 2011, with respect to restricted stock granted under the 2010 Plan:

				Weighted
	Number of			Average
	Restricted			Grant-Date
Nonvested Restricted Stock	Shares			Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2010		84,893		$	4.60
Granted		18,436		$	4.60
Vested prior to Share Exchange		(28,243	)	$	4.60
Vested pursuant to Share Exchange		(69,849	)	$	4.60
Forfeited		(5,237	)	$	4.60
Nonvested at December 31, 2011		0		$	0

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The assumptions used in the valuation of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		2.02	%
Expected term of option		6.0 years
Expected stock price volatility		99.96	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The assumptions used in the valuation of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2012 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		1.87	%
Expected term of option		6.5 years
Expected stock price volatility		95.89	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]

A summary of the stock options activity and related information for the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan for the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2012		-
Grants		175,000		$	30.00		10.00	$	-
Exercised		-
Forfeitures or expirations		(25,000	)		30.00
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		150,000		$	30.00		9.35	$	-
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012		150,000		$	30.00		9.35	$	-
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		-		$	-		-	$	-

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BUSINESS AND RECAPITALIZATION (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2011
Common Stock, Conversion Basis	Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Sub's common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of Tamandare's common stock and each share of Tonix Sub's Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of Tamandare's common stock.	Pursuant to the Share Exchange, each share of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc.'s common stock was exchanged for 0.045 shares of Tamandare's common stock and each share of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s Series A and B preferred stock was exchanged for 0.24 shares of Tamandare's common stock.
Sale Of Stock Number Of Shares Outstanding In Transaction (in shares)	1,133,334	1,133,334
Common Stock Shares Outstanding Retained (in shares)	200,000	200,000
Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction (in shares)	1,133,334	1,133,334
Sale of Stock, Percentage of Ownership after Transaction	85.00%	85.00%
Common Stock [Member] | Business Acquisition [Member]
Conversion of Stock, Type of Stock Converted	0.045	0.045
Sale Of Stock Number Of Shares Outstanding In Transaction (in shares)	1,333,334	1,333,334
Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction (in shares)	1,333,334	1,333,334
Preferred Stock Series A and Series B [Member] | Business Acquisition [Member]
Conversion of Stock, Type of Stock Converted	0.24	0.24

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RESTRICTED CASH (Details Textual) (USD $)	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 60,000	$ 60,000

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INCOME TAXES (Details Textual) (USD $)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Change in Amount	$ 2,891,718	$ 1,380,642
Research Tax Credit Carryforward [Member]
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	6,188
Tax Credit Carry Forward Expiration Dates1	expires in 2027
Newyork Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	11,600,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Dates	expiring from 2030 to 2032
Federal Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 12,300,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Dates	expire from 2027 to 2032
New Jersey Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Dates	expire from 2014 to 2019

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STOCK WARRANTS (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued (in shares)		13,750
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 12.00	$ 20.00
Warrant Expiration Maximum Period	5 years	5 years
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock	10,800	1,538
Recognized Compensation For Vested Warrants	$ 10,435
Share Based Compensation Non Vested Warrants Not Yet Recognized	$ 31,306
January 2012 Financing [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		215,148
March 2012 Financing [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		115,741
Financing Arrangements [Member]
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 25.00
Warrant Expiration Maximum Period		5 years
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Class A Warants [Member]
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 12
Warrant Expiration Maximum Period		5 years
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		445,209
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Class B Warants [Member]
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 8
Warrant Expiration Maximum Period		1 year
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		445,209
Placement Agents [Member]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued (in shares)		1,538
Warrant Expiration Maximum Period		7 years
Placement Agents [Member] | January 2012 Financing [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		11,765
Placement Agents [Member] | March 2012 Financing [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		11,574
Placement Agents [Member] | Financing Arrangements [Member]
Warrants Issued During Period To Purchase Common Stock		23,339

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STOCK OPTIONS (Details 1) (USD $)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2011
Number of Restricted Shares, Nonvested at December 31, 2010	84,893
Number of Restricted Shares, Granted	18,436
Number of Restricted Shares, Vested prior to Share Exchange	(28,243)
Number of Restricted Shares, Vested pursuant to Share Exchange	(69,849)
Number of Restricted Shares, Forfeited	(5,237)
Number of Restricted Shares, Nonvested at December 31, 2011	0
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Nonvested at December 31, 2010	$ 4.6
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Granted	$ 4.6
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Vested prior to Share Exchange	$ 4.6
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value,Vested pursuant to Share Exchange	$ 4.6
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Forfeited	$ 4.6
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Nonvested at December 31, 2011	$ 0

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS [Parenthetical] (USD $)	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Accounts payable to related parties (in dollars)	$ 26,757	$ 6,809	$ 27,483
Accrued interest to related parties (in dollars)		3,155	5,006
Convertible debentures to related parties (in dollars)			$ 265,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000	0
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000	75,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	2,159,156	2,159,156	1,353,350
Common stock, shares outstanding	2,159,156	2,159,156	1,353,350

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CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 2011

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 5 – 2011 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

On October 7, 2011, concurrently with the Share Exchange, the Company issued secured Convertible Debentures (“Convertible Debentures”) in the amount of $1,625,000 of which $1,125,000 were sold to certain investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $1,065,000, net of selling commissions to a placement agent of $40,000 and $20,000 of legal fees, and $500,000 were exchanged for 8% Notes Payable (“Notes Payable”) issued on September 9, 2011. In addition, 20,000 shares of common stock with the fair market value of $144,000 were issued to a second placement agent. On November 16, the Company issued Convertible Debentures in the amount of $450,000 for aggregate cash proceeds of $436,000, net of selling commissions to a third placement agent of $14,000.

The Convertible Debentures matured on the earlier of (i) one year from the date of issuance or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which the Company receives gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $3,425,000 (a “Subsequent Financing”), which took place on January 20, 2012 (“January 2012 Financing”) (see Note 6). The Convertible Debentures bore interest at 8% per annum and were convertible at the holder’s option into a Subsequent Financing. In the event that a Subsequent Financing has not occurred within 12 months from the date of issuance of the Convertible Debentures, the holder had the option to convert into a number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to 1% of the Company's shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis for every $125,000 of Convertible Debentures (the “Conversion Shares”) or an aggregate of approximately 199,250 shares based on the outstanding shares of the Company common stock as of December 31, 2011.

Upon the January 2012 Financing (See Note 6), $1,925,000 of debentures were exchanged for Units and the remaining $150,000 of debentures were repaid. As a result of the exchange, $1,925,000 principal amount of debentures are classified as a non-current liability in the accompanying balance sheet at December 31, 2011.

Upon conversion or repayment of the Convertible Debenture, the holder was entitled to receive, at the holder’s option, either (i) a warrant (the “Debenture Warrant”), which has a three year term and is exercisable at the offering price in a Subsequent Financing, to purchase such number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Debenture divided by the offering price in a Subsequent Financing, (the “Warrant Shares”) or (ii) shares of the Company's common stock equal to 33% of the principal amount of the Convertible Debenture divided by the offering price in a Subsequent Financing (the “Incentive Shares”). The Conversion Shares, Warrant Shares and Incentive Shares are entitled to piggyback registration rights. Upon the January 2012 Financing, the holders of the Convertible Debenture elected to receive 13,750 Debenture Warrants exercisable at $20.00 per share with a fair value of $83,289 and 29,700 Incentive Shares valued at $368,280. The value of the Debenture Warrants and Incentive Shares was charged to operations as interest expense in the first quarter of 2012.

In addition to selling commissions paid to the placement agents on the sale of certain Convertible Debentures, the placement agents received warrants that expire in January 2014 and 2015 (“Agents Warrants”), respectively, and are exercisable at the offering price in a Subsequent Financing to purchase shares of the Company's common stock equal to 3% and 9%, respectively, of the gross proceeds delivered by purchasers introduced by such placement agents divided by the purchase price per share in the Subsequent Financing. In the event that the Subsequent Financing has not occurred within 12 months from the date of issuance of the Convertible Debentures, the placement agents were entitled to receive, in lieu of the warrants, shares of common stock equal to 3% and 9%, respectively, of the number of shares of the Company's common stock such purchasers were entitled to receive upon conversion of their Convertible Debentures or an aggregate of approximately 4,400 shares based on the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock as of December 31, 2011.

The Company recognized a liability to placement agents to issue shares of its common stock based on their fair value of approximately $32,000 as of December 31, 2011. Upon the January 2012 Financing, the placement agents become entitled to receive 1,538 warrants exercisable at $20.00 per share with a fair value $6,126, which was charged to operations as interest expense in the first quarter of 2012. Additionally the liability to placement agent of $32,000 was credited to interest expense in the first quarter of 2012.

The fair value of the Debenture and Agents Warrants was determined using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: fair value of the Company’s common stock $12.40 per share determined based on January and March 2012 proceeds; dividends yield 0%; expected terms 2 to 3 years; risk free interest rate: 0.91%; and expected volatility: 73 to 94%.

The following expenses in connection with the issuance of Convertible Debentures were recorded as deferred financing costs: fair value of 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to the placement agent valued at $144,000, cash payments to the placement agents of $54,000, legal expenses of $20,000 and fair value of the liability to placement agent to issue the Company’s shares of common stock in the amount of $32,000. The deferred financing costs were amortized using the effective interest method over the twelve month term of the Convertible Debentures. During the year ended December 31, 2011, amortization of deferred financing costs amounted to approximately $53,000 and was charged to interest expense in the statement of operations and the remaining balance of $196,166 was charged to operations in connection with the extinguishment of the debentures resulting from their exchange and repayment in 2012.

Pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement and Subsidiary Guaranty, the Company granted the Debenture holders a first priority lien on all its assets.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY) (USD $)	Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit During Development Stage [Member]	Total
Balance at Jun. 07, 2007	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 07, 2007	0	0
Shares issued to founders for intellectual property	0	29	87,721	0	87,750
Shares issued to founders for intellectual property (in shares)	0	29,451
Common Stock Issued	0	3	9,747	0	9,750
Common Stock Issued (in shares)	0	3,272
Stock based compensation	0	0	24,187	0	24,187
Net loss	0	0	0	(537,001)	(537,001)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2007	0	32	121,655	(537,001)	(415,314)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2007	0	32,723
Stock based compensation	0	0	72,563	0	72,563
Net loss	0	0	0	(202,262)	(202,262)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2008	0	32	194,218	(739,263)	(545,013)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2008	0	32,723
Conversion of senior convertible notes into Preferred stock in June 2009 ($2.60 per share)	0	360	199,640	0	200,000
Conversion of senior convertible notes into Preferred stock in June 2009 ($2.60 per share) (in shares)	0	360,004
Capital contribution in June 2009	0	0	23,725	0	23,725
Shares issued to directors	0	2	4,678	0	4,680
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	0	1,571
Net loss	0	0	0	(220,834)	(220,834)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2009	0	394	422,261	(960,097)	(537,442)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2009	0	394,298
Conversion of demand notes into capital stock in July 2010 ($4.60 per share)	0	105	479,895	0	480,000
Conversion of demand notes into capital stock in July 2010 ($4.60 per share) (in shares)	0	104,729
Conversion of accrued interest on demand notes into capital stock in July 2010 ($4.60 per share)	0	15	69,063	0	69,078
Conversion of accrued interest on demand notes into capital stock in July 2010 ($4.60 per share) (in shares)	0	15,072
Shares issued to founders for intellectual property	0	66	295,434	0	295,500
Shares issued to founders for intellectual property (in shares)	0	65,447
Issuance of capital stock	0	293	1,341,708	0	1,342,001
Issuance of capital stock (in shares)	0	292,804
Shares issued to directors	0	29	139,853	0	139,882
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	0	29,386
Net loss	0	0	0	(1,964,470)	(1,964,470)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2010	0	902	2,748,214	(2,924,567)	(175,451)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2010	0	901,735
Issuance of capital stock	0	133	611,867	0	612,000
Issuance of capital stock (in shares)	0	133,530
Shares issued to directors	0	98	435,553	0	435,651
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	0	98,084
Common stock issued in connection with the share exchange transaction in October 2011	0	200	(200)	0	0
Common stock issued in connection with the share exchange transaction in October 2011 (in shares)	0	200,000
Common Stock Issued	0	20	143,980	0	144,000
Common Stock Issued (in shares)	0	20,000
Net loss	0	0	0	(3,470,113)	(3,470,113)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2011	0	1,353	3,939,414	(6,394,680)	(2,453,913)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2011	0	1,353,350
Issuance of common stock in January 2012 to holders of convertible debentures ($12.40 per share)	0	30	368,250	0	368,280
Issuance of common stock in January 2012 to holders of convertible debentures ($12.40 per share) (in shares)	0	29,700
Issuance of capital stock	0	331	3,631,980	0	3,632,311
Issuance of capital stock (in shares)	0	330,892
Warrants issued in January 2012 to holders of convertible debentures	0	0	83,289	0	83,289
Warrants issued to placement agent in January 2012	0	0	6,126	0	6,126
Warrants reclassified to equity upon expiry of reset provisions	0	0	3,938,946	0	3,938,946
Issuance of common stock and warrants in December 2012 to holders of convertible debentures ($6.00) per share	0	118	709,882		710,000
Issuance of common stock and warrants in December 2012 to holders of convertible debentures ($6.00) per share (in shares)	0	118,335
Issuance of common stock and warrants in December 2012 ($8.00 per share) net of transaction expenses of $70,000	0	327	2,544,673	0	2,545,000
Issuance of common stock and warrants in December 2012 ($8.00 per share) net of transaction expenses of $70,000 (in shares)	0	326,879
Beneficial conversion feature in connection with convertible debentures	0	0	710,000	0	710,000
Capital contribution of accrued interest	0	0	3,111	0	3,111
Stock based compensation	0	0	865,158	0	865,158
Net loss	0	0	0	(9,449,600)	(9,449,600)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012	0	2,159	16,800,829	(15,844,280)	958,708
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2012	0	2,159,156
Stock based compensation		0	392,323	0	392,323
Warrants issued for services rendered		0	10,435	0	10,435
Net loss		0	0	(2,001,203)	(2,001,203)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2013		$ 2,159	$ 17,203,587	$ (17,845,483)	$ (639,737)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2013		2,159,156

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (USD $)	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
ASSETS
Cash	$ 423,739	$ 1,785,390	$ 41,123
Prepaid expenses and other	67,691	224,659	102,430
Total current assets	491,430	2,010,049	143,553
Furniture and equipment, net	42,756	46,894	25,550
Deferred financing costs, net		0	196,166
Restricted cash	60,289	60,267	60,177
Total assets	594,475	2,117,210	425,446
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
Accounts payable	870,096	825,837	695,198
Accrued expenses	346,692	309,800	10,229
Accrued interest	0	3,155	38,306
Liability to placement agent		0	31,543
Convertible debentures		0	150,000
Total current liabilities	1,216,788	1,138,792	925,276
Convertible debentures, including $265,000 to related parties		0	1,925,000
Deferred rent payable	17,424	19,710	29,083
Total liabilities	1,234,212	1,158,502	2,879,359
Commitments
Stockholders' equity (deficiency):
Preferred stock, value	0	0	0
Common stock, value	2,159	2,159	1,353
Additional paid in capital	17,203,587	16,800,829	3,939,414
Deficit accumulated during development stage	(17,845,483)	(15,844,280)	(6,394,680)
Total stockholders' equity (deficiency)	(639,737)	958,708	(2,453,913)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficiency)	$ 594,475	$ 2,117,210	$ 425,446

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COMMITMENTS (Details) (USD $)	Dec. 31, 2012
Year Ending December 31,
2013	$ 127,889
2014	131,513
2015	100,719
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due	$ 360,121

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STOCK WARRANTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes information with respect to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company at March 31, 2013:

Exercise		Number		Number		Expiration
Price		Outstanding		Vested		Date
$	8.00		445,209		445,209		December 2013
	12.00		456,008		447,908		December 2017 to January 2018
	20.00		15,288		15,288		January 2014 to January 2015
	25.00		354,227		354,227		January 2017 to March 2019
			1,270,732		1,262,632

The following table summarizes information with respect to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company, all of which were exercisable, at December 31, 2012:

Exercise		Number		Expiration
Price		Outstanding		Date
$	8.00		445,209	December 2013
	12.00		445,209	December 2017
$	20.00		15,288	January 2014 to January 2015
	25.00		354,228	January 2017 to March 2019
			1,259,934

Schedule Of Share Based Payment Award Stock Warrants Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The assumptions used in the valuation of warrants which vested during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		0.77	%
Life of warrant		5 years
Expected stock price volatility		102.46	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has entered into an agreement with Lederman & Co., LLC (“Lederman & Co”), a company under the control of Dr. Seth Lederman, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Effective February 1, 2012, Lederman & Co receives $250,000 per annum for its consulting services. The agreement renews automatically for subsequent terms of one year at $250,000 per annum. Total expenses paid under this agreement were $62,500 and $76,250 during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

NOTE 14 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Dr. Seth Lederman, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Dr. Donald Landry, one of our directors, are the primary founders of the Company. We have entered into various transactions with several companies under their control, including L&L, Plumbline, Targent Pharmaceuticals, LLC and Lederman & Co (see Note 12 – Consulting Agreements). Total expenses paid under these agreements were $300,583 and $294,750 during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

On September 9, 2011, the Company sold $500,000 principal amount of 8% convertible notes (the “Notes”) to members of the board of directors and their related parties. The Notes were due one year from the date of issuance, and were exchangeable for a future financing (the “New Financing”) at the option of the holders. Interest is payable on either the maturity date or on the date the Notes are exchanged into the New Financing, or such accrued interest can be converted into the New Financing. On October 7, 2011, the Notes were exchanged into debentures issued by the Company concurrently with the Share Exchange (see Note 5). In January 2012, the related party companies received interest on the convertible notes in the aggregate amount of $6,183.

Between October and November 2012, the Company issued promissory notes in the amount of $320,000 in exchange for $320,000 borrowed from six affiliated investors. The Notes bear no interest and were payable on demand.

On November 14, 2012, the Company sold to officers, members of the board of directors and their related parties for aggregate cash proceeds of $390,000, debentures (the “Debentures”) in the principal face amount of $390,000 and the exchange of the promissory notes described above for Debentures in the principal face amount of $320,000. In December 2012, the Debentures were exchanged for the December 2012 Units at a conversion price of $6.00 per share. Interest expense on the Debentures for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $3,155 (See Note 8).

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STOCK OPTIONS (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012
Risk-free interest rate	2.02%	1.87%
Expected term of option	6 years	6 years 6 months
Expected stock price volatility	99.96%	95.89%
Expected dividend yield	$ 0.0	$ 0

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INCOME TAXES (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Statutory federal income tax	(34.00%)	(34.00%)
State income tax, net of federal tax effect	(10.50%)	(5.90%)
Permanent difference	13.90%	5.00%
Increase in valuation allowance	30.60%	34.90%
Income tax provision	0.00%	0.00%

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JANUARY AND MARCH 2012 FINANCING (Details) (USD $)	12 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013 Warrant [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Maximum [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Minimum [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Valuation Assumptions Issuance Date [Member] Warrant [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Valuation Assumptions Issuance Date [Member] Maximum [Member] Warrant [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Valuation Assumptions Issuance Date [Member] Minimum [Member] Warrant [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Valuation Assumptions Expiration Date [Member] Warrant [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Valuation Assumptions Expiration Date [Member] Maximum [Member] Warrant [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Valuation Assumptions Expiration Date [Member] Minimum [Member] Warrant [Member]
Price of the Company's common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 12.40				$ 12.40			$ 17.00
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%			0.00%			0.00%
Life of warrant		5 years	3 years	2 years		7 years	5 years		6 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 7 months 6 days
Risk-free interest rate	0.91%	0.77%				1.47%	0.89%		1.11%	0.73%
Expected stock price volatility		102.46%	94.00%	73.00%		96.69%	96.68%	95.73%
Expected price at which holders are likely to exercise their warrants					$ 25.00			$ 25.00

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FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT (Details) (USD $)	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Office furniture and equipment		$ 78,535	$ 42,862
Less: accumulated depreciation		(31,641)	(17,312)
Furniture and equipment, net	$ 42,756	$ 46,894	$ 25,550

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FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Depreciation	$ 4,138	$ 2,354	$ 14,329	$ 9,300	$ 31,641	$ 35,779

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RESTRICTED CASH

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 4 - RESTRICTED CASH

Restricted cash at December 31, 2012 and 2011 collateralizes a letter of credit in the amount of approximately $60,000 issued in connection with the lease of office space in New York City (see Note 12).

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COMMITMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

Future minimum lease payments under the operating lease are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2013	$	127,889
2014		131,513
2015		100,719
	$	360,121

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DECEMBER 2012 FINANCING (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount	$ 0	$ 0	$ 320,000	$ 0	$ 820,000	$ 820,000
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001		$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 12.00		$ 20.00
Maximum [Member]
Percentage Of Investor Fee Payable Under Registration Rights Agreement			10.00%
Minimum [Member]
Percentage Of Investor Fee Payable Under Registration Rights Agreement			1.00%
December 2012 Financing [Member]
Stock Units Issued During Period			6,404,167
Proceeds From Issuance Of Stock Units			1,615,000
Stock Units Per Unit Price (in dollars per share)			$ 0.40
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Percentage Of Investor Fee Payable Under Registration Rights Agreement			10.00%
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Percentage Of Investor Fee Payable Under Registration Rights Agreement			1.00%
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)			$ 0.001		$ 0.001
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Class A Warrant [Member]
Number Of Warrants Included In One Stock Unit			0.05
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 12.00
Warrants Exercise Period			5 years
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Class B Warrant [Member]
Number Of Warrants Included In One Stock Unit			0.05
Warrants Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 8.00
Warrants Exercise Period			1 year
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Placement Agents [Member]
Payment For Commission			70,000
Percentage Of Commission Paid			7.00%
December 2012 Financing [Member] | Convertible Debentures Converted To Units [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount			710,000
Debt Instrument Convertible Conversion Price Per Unit (in dollars per share)			$ 0.30
December 2012 Financing One [Member]
Stock Units Issued During Period			2,500,000
Proceeds From Issuance Of Stock Units			$ 1,000,000
Stock Units Per Unit Price (in dollars per share)			$ 0.4

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CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES 2012

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Debentures 2012 [Text Block]

NOTE 7 – 2012 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

On November 14, 2012, the Company sold to accredited investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $390,000, convertible debentures (“Debentures”) in the principal face amount of $390,000 and the Company exchanged $320,000 in previously issued promissory notes of the Company for Debentures in the principal face amount of $320,000.

The previously issued promissory notes were issued between October and November 2012 in the amount of $320,000 in exchange for $320,000 borrowed from six affiliated investors. The Notes bore no interest and were payable on demand.

The Debentures mature on the earlier of (i) November 14, 2013 or (ii) the date of closing of a private placement of equity, equity equivalent, convertible debt or debt financing in which we receive gross proceeds, in one or more transactions, of at least $100,000 (a “Subsequent Financing”). The Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum and are convertible at the holder’s option into either (i) a Subsequent Financing at a price equal to a 25% discount to the price of securities sold in the Subsequent Financing or (ii) shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $20.00.

On December 4, 2012, upon completion of a Subsequent Financing, the $710,000 of Debentures were converted into Units at a price of $6.00 per Unit representing a 25% discount to the price ($8.00) of securities sold (the “Financing”). Accordingly, the Company recorded a beneficial conversion feature in connection with the Debentures at the date of conversion of $710,000 as a charge to interest expense and a credit to additional paid in capital.

The beneficial conversion feature, which was contingent on a Subsequent Financing, was computed based on the excess of the number of shares received upon conversion based on the adjusted conversion price ($6.00) over the number of shares that would have been received based on the original conversion price ($20.00) multiplied by the stock price ($10.20) on November 14, 2012, the date the Debentures were issued, limited to the amount of proceeds allocated to the Debentures, or $710,000.

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FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 3 – FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT

Furniture and equipment as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 is summarized as follows:

	2012			2011
Office furniture and equipment	$	78,535		$	42,862
Less:  accumulated depreciation		(31,641	)		(17,312	)
	$	46,894		$	25,550

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $14,329 and $9,300, respectively.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (USD $)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (2,001,203)	$ (2,014,988)	$ (9,449,600)	$ (3,470,113)	$ (15,844,280)	$ (17,845,483)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	4,138	2,354	14,329	9,300	31,641	35,779
Amortization and write off of deferred financing costs	0	196,166	196,166	53,377	249,543	249,543
Non cash interest, consisting of beneficial conversion feature in connection with convertible debentures	0	426,152	710,000	0	710,000	710,000
Non cash interest, consisting of common stock and warrants issued in connection with convertible debentures	0	81,337	426,152	0	426,152	426,152
Non-cash financing costs related to January and March 2012 financing	0	0	81,337	0	81,337	81,337
Warrants issued for services rendered	10,435	0				10,435
Stock based compensation	392,323	0	865,158	435,651	1,551,871	1,944,194
Change in fair value of warrant liability	0	(47,023)	1,177,026		1,177,026	1,177,026
Common stock issued in exchange for intellectual property	0	0	0	0	383,250	383,250
Gain on extinguishment of debt	0	0	0	0	(7,908)	(7,908)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	156,968	38,383	(122,229)	(79,117)	(224,659)	(67,691)
Accounts payable	44,259	(512,790)	130,639	377,453	825,837	870,096
Accrued interest	(3,155)	(35,195)	(32,040)	38,306	6,266	3,111
Accrued expenses	35,993	88,503	293,125	(12,304)	404,065	440,058
Deferred rent payable	(1,387)	(513)	(2,927)	9,909	26,156	24,769
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,361,629)	(1,777,614)	(5,712,864)	(2,637,538)	(10,203,703)	(11,565,332)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of furniture and fixtures	0	0	(35,673)	(2,764)	(78,535)	(78,535)
Proceeds from security deposit			0	3,156	0
Payment of restricted cash and interest earned on restricted cash	(22)	(22)	(90)	(90)	(60,267)	(60,289)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(22)	(22)	(35,763)	302	(138,802)	(138,824)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from demand notes	0	0	0	0	480,000	480,000
Proceeds from other notes payable	0	0	320,000	500,000	1,020,000	1,020,000
Proceeds, net of expenses of $24,000 from Convertible Debentures	0	0	390,000	1,501,000	1,891,000	1,891,000
Repayment of Convertible Debentures	0	(150,000)	(150,000)	0	(150,000)	(150,000)
Proceeds, net of expenses of $374,870 from sale of units consisting of common stock and warrants	0	4,387,895	6,932,894	0	6,932,894	6,932,894
Proceeds from the sale of capital stock	0	0	0	612,000	1,954,001	1,954,001
Net cash provided by financing activities	0	4,237,895	7,492,894	2,613,000	12,127,895	12,127,895
Net increase (decrease) in cash	(1,361,651)	2,460,259	1,744,267	(24,236)	1,785,390	423,739
Cash, beginning of the period	1,785,390	41,123	41,123	65,359	0	0
Cash, end of period	423,739	2,501,382	1,785,390	41,123	1,785,390	423,739
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	3,155	35,195	35,195	0	0	38,350
Non cash investing and financing activities:
Senior convertible notes exchanged for preferred shares	0	0	0	0	200,000	200,000
Capital contribution of accrued interest	0	0	3,111	0	26,836	26,836
Demand notes together with accrued interest converted into capital stock	0	0	0	0	549,078	549,078
Common stock issued for deferred financing costs	0	0	0	144,000	144,000	144,000
Exchange of Notes Payable for Convertible Debenture	0	0	320,000	0	820,000	820,000
Warrants Liability reclassified to Stockholders' Equity	0	0	3,938,946	0	3,938,946	3,938,946
Exchange of Convertible Debenture for Units consisting of common stock and warrants	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2,635,000	$ 0	$ 2,635,000	$ 2,635,000

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COMMITMENTS (Details Textual) (USD $)	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Nov. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2010	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2010 L and L Technologies [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Lederman and Co [Member]	Dec. 31, 2011 Lederman and Co [Member]	Dec. 31, 2010 Lederman and Co [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Restricted Stock [Member] L and L Technologies [Member]	Dec. 31, 2011 Restricted Stock [Member] L and L Technologies [Member]	Dec. 31, 2010 Restricted Stock [Member] L and L Technologies [Member]	Dec. 31, 2011 Restricted Stock [Member] Lederman and Co [Member]	Dec. 31, 2010 Restricted Stock [Member] Lederman and Co [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Chief Financial Officer [Member]	Dec. 31, 2011 Vice President Of Strategy [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Gershell Agreement [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Daugherty Agreement [Member]	Dec. 31, 2012 Selzer Agreement [Member]
Operating Leases Expiration Period				5 years
Operating Leases Frequency Of Payments				monthly
Operating Leases Periodic Payment One To Four Years				$ 10,000
Operating Leases Periodic Payment Year Five				11,000
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue	9,420	9,420	9,420
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents					60,000	60,000
Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net					116,732	128,228
Deferred Rent Credit, Noncurrent					19,710	29,083	17,424
Consulting Agreements Period								2 years			2 years
Consulting Agreements Frequency Of Payments								annually			annually
Consulting Agreements Periodic Payment								96,000			250,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Granted														51,310		13,090
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights														The restricted shares vest as follows: 25% on the grant date (June 4, 2010) and 25% on each of the first and second annual anniversaries of the grant date and, if the consulting agreement is renewed, 25% on the third anniversary of the grant date.		The restricted shares vest as follows: 20% on the grant date (June 4, 2010) and 20% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and, if the consulting agreement is renewed, 20% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period													25,655		7,855
Consulting Agreements Cash Compensation Reduced										127,000
Consulting Agreements Cash Compensation Increased									250,000
Employment Agreements Milestone Of Proceeds From Sale Of Equity																			20,000,000	20,000,000
Employment Agreements Compensation Paid On Termination																	88,000	37,500
Employment Agreements Base Salary																			175,000	140,000
Employment Agreements Adjusted Base Salary																			325,000	220,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other Than Options, Forfeited In Period						5,237															25,000
Consulting Agreements Expirations Dates												expired in June 2012
Consulting Agreements Commitments Outstanding Amount					$ 650,000

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STOCK OPTIONS (Details Textual) (USD $)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended		67 Months Ended	70 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2011	Mar. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2012	Mar. 31, 2013
Stock based compensation	$ 139,063	$ 392,323	$ 0	$ 296,588	$ 865,158	$ 435,651	$ 1,551,871	$ 1,944,194
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross					175,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options granted					$ 30.00
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term					0 years
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)					$ 23.50
Closing Stock Price					$ 11.0		$ 11.0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number		376,500		0	150,000	0	150,000	376,500
Amended And Restated 2012 Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross		226,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized		550,000						550,000
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Award Expiration Period		10 years
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options granted		$ 10.2
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 7.83
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights		The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.
Incentive Stock Options Plan 2012 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross					175,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized					200,000		200,000
Minimum Exercise Price Description					the exercise price of an Incentive Stock Option may not be less than 110% of fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant for a 10% or more stockholder and 100% of fair value for a grantee who is not a 10% stockholder.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period					5 years
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Award Expiration Period					10 years
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance					200,000		200,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized		$ 4,122,995			$ 2,742,000		$ 2,742,000	$ 4,122,995
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition		3 years			3 years
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options granted					$ 30
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term					10 years
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)					$ 23.50
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights					The options vest 1/3rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36th on the 9th of each month thereafter for 24 months.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period					25,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number		150,000			150,000		150,000	150,000
Incentive Stock Options Plan 2012 [Member] | Share Holderes Holding Percentage Ten Or More [Member]
Minimum Excercise Price On Percentage Of Fair Value Of Common Stock		110.00%			110.00%
Incentive Stock Options Plan 2012 [Member] | Share Holders Holding Percentage Less Than Ten [Member]
Minimum Excercise Price On Percentage Of Fair Value Of Common Stock		100.00%			100.00%
Stock Option Plan 2010 [Member]
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance					228,232		228,232

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Textual) (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Working Capital Amount		$ 900,000
Class Of Warrant Or Right, Outstanding	1,270,732	1,259,934
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number	376,500	150,000	0
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued			199,250
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants In Period, Gross		175,000
Convertible Debt			$ 2,075,000
Stockholders' Equity, Reverse Stock Split	1-for-20	1-for-20
Reverse Stock Split Effective Date	May 01, 2013	May 01, 2013

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STOCK OPTIONS

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

NOTE 4 – STOCK OPTIONS

2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan

On February 12, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan provides for the issuance of options to purchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. Under the terms of the 2012 Plan, the Company may issue Incentive Stock Options as defined by the Internal Revenue Code to employees of the Company and may also issue nonstatutory options to employees and others. The Board of Directors of the Company determines the exercise price, vesting and expiration period of the grants under the 2012 Plan. However, the exercise price of an Incentive Stock Option may not be less than 110% of fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant for a 10% or more stockholder and 100% of fair value for a grantee who is not a 10% stockholder. The fair value of the common stock is determined based on quoted market price or in absence of such quoted market price, by the Board of Directors in good faith. Additionally, the vesting period of the grants under the 2012 Plan may not be more than five years and expiration period not more than ten years. The Company reserved 200,000 shares of its common stock for future issuance under the terms of the 2012 Plan. On May 9, 2012, 175,000 options had been granted under the 2012 Plan (of which 150,000 were outstanding at March 31, 2013) with an exercise price of $30.00, a 10 year life and fair value of $23.50. The options vest 1/3rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36th on the 9th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

On February 12, 2013, the Company’s board of directors approved the Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2012 Plan”) to increase the number of shares reserved under the plan to 550,000. On February 12, 2013, 226,500 options were granted under the Amended and Restated 2012 Plan (all of which were outstanding at March 31, 2013) with an exercise price of $10.20, a 10 year life and fair value of $7.83. The options vest 1/3rd on February 12, 2014 and 1/36th on the 12th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

The Company measures the fair value of stock options on the date of grant, based on a Binomial option pricing model using certain assumptions discussed in the following paragraph, and the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. Stock options granted vest over a three year period and expire ten years from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense related to awards is amortized over the applicable vesting period using the straight-line method.

The assumptions used in the valuation of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		2.02	%
Expected term of option		6.0 years
Expected stock price volatility		99.96	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield of Daily U.S. Treasury Yield Curve Rates with terms equal to the expected life of the options as of the grant date.  The expected term of options are determined using the simplified method and the expected stock price volatility is based on comparable companies’ historical stock price volatility since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data because its equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time.

Share-based compensation expense of $392,323 was recognized for the three month period ended March 31, 2013.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company had approximately $4,122,995 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards granted under the Company’s option plan, which the Company expects to recognize over approximately a three-year period.

NOTE 10 – SHARE BASED COMPENSATION

2010 Stock Plan

In June and August 2010, respectively, the Board of Directors and stockholders of Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. approved, and in December 2010 and February 2011, the Board of Directors amended, the terms and provisions of the 2010 Stock Plan (the "2010 Plan") whereby the Company reserved 228,232 shares of its Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the 2010 Plan. The 2010 Plan allowed for grants of options to purchase shares of Common Stock and awards of restricted Common Stock to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company.

No options were granted under the 2010 Plan. Following is a summary of activity for the year ended December 31, 2011, with respect to restricted stock granted under the 2010 Plan:

				Weighted
	Number of			Average
	Restricted			Grant-Date
Nonvested Restricted Stock	Shares			Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2010		84,893		$	4.60
Granted		18,436		$	4.60
Vested prior to Share Exchange		(28,243	)	$	4.60
Vested pursuant to Share Exchange		(69,849	)	$	4.60
Forfeited		(5,237	)	$	4.60
Nonvested at December 31, 2011		0		$	0

Restricted stock is not considered to be issued until the stock vests.

The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $139,063 prior to the Share Exchange and remaining expense of $296,588 was recognized on October 7, 2011, the date of the Share Exchange, upon which all non vested restricted shares vested and the 2010 Plan ceased to exist.

2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan

On February 12, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan provides for the issuance of options to purchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. Under the terms of the 2012 Plan, the Company may issue Incentive Stock Options as defined by the Internal Revenue Code to employees of the Company only and nonstatutory options. The Board of Directors of the Company determines the exercise price, vesting and expiration period of the grants under the 2012 Plan. However, the exercise price of an Incentive Stock Option should not be less than 110% of fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant for a 10% or more stockholder and 100% of fair value for a grantee who is not 10% stockholder. The fair value of the common stock is determined based on quoted market price or in absence of such quoted market price, by the Board of Directors in good faith. Additionally, the vesting period of the grants under the 2012 Plan should not be more than five years and expiration period not more than ten years. The Company reserved 200,000 shares of its common stock for future issuance under the terms of the 2012 Plan. On May 9, 2012, 175,000 options had been granted under the 2012 Plan (of which 25,000 were subsequently canceled and 150,000 are outstanding at December 31, 2012) with an exercise price of $30.00, a 10 year life and fair value of $23.50. The options vest 1/3rd on May 9, 2013 and 1/36th on the 9th of each month thereafter for 24 months.

The Company measures the fair value of stock options on the date of grant, based on a Binomial option pricing model using certain assumptions discussed in the following paragraph, and the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. Stock options granted vest over a three year period and expire ten years from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense related to awards is amortized over the applicable vesting periods using the straight-line method. Share-based compensation expense of $865,158 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The assumptions used in the valuation of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2012 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		1.87	%
Expected term of option		6.5 years
Expected stock price volatility		95.89	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield of Daily U.S. Treasury Yield Curve Rates with terms equal to the expected term of the options as of the grant date.  The expected term of options is determined using the simplified method and the expected stock price volatility is based on comparable companies’ historical stock price volatility since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data because its equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had approximately $2,742,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards granted under the Company’s 2012 Plan, which the Company expects to recognize over approximately a three-year period.

A summary of the stock options activity and related information for the 2012 Incentive Stock Option Plan for the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2012		-
Grants		175,000		$	30.00		10.00	$	-
Exercised		-
Forfeitures or expirations		(25,000	)		30.00
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		150,000		$	30.00		9.35	$	-
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2012		150,000		$	30.00		9.35	$	-
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		-		$	-		-	$	-

The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding tables represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on options with an exercise price less than the Company’s closing stock price of $11.00 as of December 31, 2012, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their options as of that date.

XML

JANUARY AND MARCH 2012 FINANCING

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Financing, January And March 2012 [Text Block]

NOTE 6 – JANUARY AND MARCH 2012 FINANCING

On January 20, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 172.118 units (“Units”) to certain investors (the “Purchasers”) for aggregate cash proceeds of $2,377,950 and $1,925,000 in previously issued Convertible Debentures of the Company that were exchanged for Units (“January 2012 Financing”). On March 1, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 92.5926 Units to certain investors for aggregate cash proceeds of $2,314,815 (“March 2012 Financing”).

Each Unit had a purchase price of $25,000 per Unit and consisted of one thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) shares of the Company’s common stock, a Class A Warrant to purchase one thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) shares of Common Stock (the “Class A Warrants”), and a Class B Warrant to purchase up to one thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) shares of Common Stock (the “Class B Warrants” and together with the Class A Warrants, the “Warrants”).

The Class A Warrants have an exercise price of $25.00 per share of common stock and will be exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The warrants had certain anti-dilutive provisions that were set to expire the earlier of i) one year or ii) upon effectiveness of a registration of all shares covered by Class A Warrants, which took place on June 6, 2012. The Company determined the fair value of the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants, described below, to be $2,549,684 and $212,235 on the issuance dates and initially classified them as a liability due to transactions which cause an adjustment to the conversion rate (reset provisions) contained in the warrant agreements. On June 6, 2012, upon the Company's registration statement being declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the reset provisions expired and the Company reclassified $3,938,946, the fair value of the Class A Warrants and Agent Warrants as of that date to equity. The increase of $1,177,026 in fair value of warrants liability was included in results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The following assumptions were used in the Binomial Lattice model to determine fair value of the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants:

	Issuance date January 20 and March 1, 2012			Expiration date June 6, 2012
Price of the Company’s common stock	$	12.40		$	17.00
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%
Expected terms		5 – 7 years			4.6 - 6.7 years
Risk free interest rate		0.89 - 1.47	%		0.73 - 1.11	%
Expected volatility		96.68 - 96.69	%		95.73	%
Expected price at which holders are likely to exercise their warrants	$	25.00		$	25.00

The Class B Warrants were exercisable automatically on their expiration date by cashless exercise or expire without exercise. In the event that the average of the Company’s daily volume weighted average price was below $15.00 during the 10 trading days after the Announcement Date (as hereinafter defined) (the “Measuring Period”), then the holder was entitled to receive additional shares of the Company’s Common Stock upon the exercise of the Class B Warrants on the expiration date, which is the 12^th trading day after the Announcement Date. In the event that the Company’s average daily volume weighted average price was at or above $15.00 during the Measuring Period, the Class B Warrants were to expire unexercised. The Announcement Date was the earlier of (1) the date on which the Company announces via press release the results of the pharmacokinetic study of its TNX-102 drug formulation; or (2) June 1, 2012. On April 5, 2012 the Company issued a press release announcing the results of the pharmacokinetic study of its TNX-102 drug formulation, which is defined as an Announcement Date for the purpose of the Class B Warrants. Based on the Company’s average daily volume weighted average price, which was $34.60 per share, during the Measuring Period, the Class B Warrants expired unexercised.

In connection with the January and March 2012 Financing, the Company paid a placement agent (the “Agent”) an aggregate cash payment of $466,777, which represented an 8% commission and a 2% non-accountable expense allowance of the gross proceeds delivered by Purchasers in the January and March 2012 Financing. In addition, the Agent earned an aggregate of 23,339 warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 10% of the gross proceeds delivered by Purchasers in the January and March 2012 Financing (the “Agent Warrants”), which have an exercise price of $25.00 per share of common stock, exercisable for a period of seven years, contained anti-dilution protection and are entitled to piggy-back registration rights. Total expenses related to the financing, including cash and the fair value of warrants given to the Agent, amounted to $706,511, of which $435,713 was charged to additional paid-in capital and $270,798, deemed initially allocable to the warrant liability, was charged to current and other financing costs.

In connection with the financings, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with Purchasers.  The Company is required to file a registration statement registering for resale the common stock included in the Units and the common stock underlying the Class A Warrants and the Agent Warrants to be filed no later than 60 days from the date of termination of the financings on March 1, 2012 and must be declared effective no later than 120 days from the date of termination of the Financing (June 29, 2012).  On April 26, 2012, the Company filed the registration statement, which was declared effective on June 6, 2012. The Company is required to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement from its effective date unless all securities registered under the registration statement have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold.  If the Company failed to comply with the registration statement filing or effective date requirements, the Company was required to pay the investors a fee equal to 1.0% of the Purchaser’s investment, for each 30-day period of delay, subject to a maximum payment of 10% to each Purchaser.

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INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES

There is no provision for federal or state income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 since the Company has established a valuation allowance equal to the total deferred tax asset related to losses incurred during such periods.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowance as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

	December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets:
Organization costs	$	-		$	733
Research and development credit carryforward (1)		6,188			6,188
Net operating loss carryforwards		5,207,759			2,329,829
Other		147,003			132,482
Total deferred tax assets		5,360,950			2,469,232
Valuation allowance		(5,360,950	)		(2,469,232	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	0		$	0

(1) The Company has incurred research and development (“R&D”) expenses, a portion of which may qualify for tax credits. The Company has not conducted an R&D credit study to quantify the amount of credits and has not claimed an R&D credit on its federal tax returns filed except for $6,188 in 2007. The Company may conduct the study in future years and may establish the R&D credit carryforward for prior years. In such event, the net operating loss carryforward will be correspondingly reduced by the amount of the credit.

Based on the Company's historical losses and its expectation of continuation of losses for the foreseeable future, the Company has determined that it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized and accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The increase in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $2,891,718 and $1,380,642, respectively.

At December 31, 2012, the Company has available unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $12.3 million that expire from 2027 to 2032 for federal tax purposes and the same amount for New Jersey state tax purposes, which expire from 2014 to 2019. The Company also has approximately $11.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards for New York state and New York City purposes expiring from 2030 to 2032. At December 31, 2012, the Company has a research and development carryforward of $6,188 for federal tax purposes that expires in 2027. These net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations in their use in accordance with IRC Section 382. Accordingly, the extent to which such carryforwards can be used to offset future taxable income may be limited.

The Company's federal and state tax returns remain open and subject to examination by the tax authorities for the tax years 2009 and after.

A reconciliation of the effect of applying the federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate used to calculate the Company's income tax provision is as follows:

	Year Ended  December 31,
	2012			2011
Statutory federal income tax		(34.0	)%		(34.0	)%
State income tax, net of federal tax effect		(10.5	)%		(5.9	)%
Permanent difference		13.9	%		5.0	%
Increase in valuation allowance		30.6	%		34.9	%
Income tax provision		0	%		0	%

XML

STOCK WARRANTS

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

Dec. 31, 2012

Stock Warrants [Abstract]

Stock Warrants [Text Block]

NOTE 5 – STOCK WARRANTS

The following table summarizes information with respect to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company at March 31, 2013:

Exercise		Number		Number		Expiration
Price		Outstanding		Vested		Date
$	8.00		445,209		445,209		December 2013
	12.00		456,008		447,908		December 2017 to January 2018
	20.00		15,288		15,288		January 2014 to January 2015
	25.00		354,227		354,227		January 2017 to March 2019
			1,270,732		1,262,632

On January 1, 2013, the Company issued warrants to non-employees to purchase 10,800 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance vesting ratably over twelve months beginning January 1, 2013 in connection with services.

The Company measures the fair value of the vested portion of the issued warrants based on a Binomial option pricing model using certain assumptions discussed in the following paragraph, and the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the fair value determination.

The assumptions used in the valuation of warrants which vested during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate		0.77	%
Life of warrant		5 years
Expected stock price volatility		102.46	%
Expected dividend yield	$	0.0

The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield of Daily U.S. Treasury Yield Curve Rates with terms equal to the life of the warrants as of the grant date. The expected stock price volatility is based on comparable companies’ historical stock price volatility since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data because its equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time.

Compensation of $10,435 related to vested warrants was recognized for the three month period ended March 31, 2013.

As of March 31, 2013, unrecognized compensation related to unvested warrants based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on such date was $31,306.

NOTE 11 – STOCK WARRANTS

The following table summarizes information with respect to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company, all of which were exercisable, at December 31, 2012:

Exercise		Number		Expiration
Price		Outstanding		Date
$	8.00		445,209	December 2013
	12.00		445,209	December 2017
$	20.00		15,288	January 2014 to January 2015
	25.00		354,228	January 2017 to March 2019
			1,259,934

On January 20, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 13,750 and 1,538 warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share expiring five and seven years from the date of issuance to convertible debenture holders and debenture placement agents, respectively (see Note 5).

In connection with the January and March 2012 Financing, the Company issued to investors an aggregate of 215,148 and 115,741 warrants, respectively, to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $25.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance. In addition, the Company issued an aggregate of 11,765 and 11,574 warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $25.00 per share expiring seven years from the date of issuance to placement agents. These warrants contained certain anti-dilutive provisions and are covered under a registration rights agreement (see Note 6).

In connection with the December 2012 Financing, the Company issued to investors of 445,209 and 445,209 Class A warrants and Class B warrants, respectively to purchase the Company's common stock. The Class A warrant is exercisable at $12.00 per share expiring five years from the date of issuance and may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances. The Class B warrant is exercisable at $8.00 per share expiring one year from the date of issuance. These warrants are covered under a registration rights agreement (see Note 8).

XML

DOCUMENT AND ENTITY INFORMATION	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2013
Document Type	S-1
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2013
Entity Registrant Name	Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.
Entity Central Index Key	0001430306
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company

XML

COMMITMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 12 - COMMITMENTS

Operating leases

On September 28, 2010, the Company entered into a five-year lease for office space in New York City, with monthly payments escalating from approximately $10,000 in first year to approximately $11,000 in fifth year. The Company received a rent credit of $9,420 in each of the months of November 2010, December 2010 and January 2011. The Company has posted a letter of credit in the amount of approximately $60,000 for the benefit of the landlord which is collateralized by a money market account (see Note 4 - Restricted Cash).

Future minimum lease payments under the operating lease are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2013	$	127,889
2014		131,513
2015		100,719
	$	360,121

Rent expense charged to operations, which differs from rent paid due to the rent credits and to increasing amounts of base rent, is calculated by allocating total rental payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, rent expense was $116,732 and $128,228, respectively and as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 deferred rent payable was $26,156 and $29,083, respectively.

Consulting agreements

In June 2010, the Company entered into a two-year consulting agreement with L & L Technologies, LLC (“L&L”), an entity controlled by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, for scientific and medical consulting services. In consideration for such services, L&L received $96,000 per annum and 51,310 shares of restricted common stock which were granted at the inception of the agreement. The restricted shares vest as follows: 25% on the grant date (June 4, 2010) and 25% on each of the first and second annual anniversaries of the grant date and, if the consulting agreement is renewed, 25% on the third anniversary of the grant date. Vesting of the unvested 25,655 restricted shares accelerated on October 7, 2011, the date of the Share Exchange. The consulting agreement expired in June 2012.

In June 2010, the Company entered into a two-year consulting agreement with Lederman & Co., LLC (“Lederman & Co”), an entity controlled by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, for clinical development, strategic, management and operational consulting services. In consideration for such services, Lederman & Co will receive $250,000 per annum and 13,090 shares of restricted common stock which were granted at the inception of the agreement. The consulting agreement renews automatically for subsequent terms of one year at $250,000 per annum. The restricted shares vest as follows: 20% on the grant date (June 4, 2010) and 20% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and, if the consulting agreement is renewed, 20% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date. Vesting of the unvested 7,855 restricted shares accelerated on October 7, 2011, the date of the Share Exchange. On August 1, 2011, the cash compensation was reduced to $127,000 per annum. On February 1, 2012, the cash compensation was increased to $250,000 per annum.

During 2011 and 2012, the Company entered into contracts with various contract research organizations for which there are outstanding commitments aggregating approximately $650,000 at December 31, 2012 for future work to be performed.

Employment agreements

In October 2011, the position of Vice President of Strategy was eliminated and in conjunction with this event, the Company paid $37,500 in December 2011 in exchange for the release from future obligations. In February 2012, the Company terminated its employment agreement with its Chief Financial Officer and in accordance with the agreement paid such officer approximately $88,000.

Effective April 1, 2012, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Gershell Agreement”) with Dr. Gershell to serve as Chief Financial Officer. The base salary under the Gershell Agreement is $175,000 per annum, which shall increase to $325,000 per annum upon our consummation of an equity sale of securities in excess of $20 million (the “Gershell Threshold”). The Gershell Agreement provides for at-will employment and can be terminated at any time by either party, provided, however, that if we terminate Dr. Gershell for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Gershell Agreement), then Dr. Gershell shall be entitled to six weeks of severance, which severance payment shall increase to six months if such termination occurs after the Gershell Threshold. In addition, Dr. Gershell is entitled to participate in any and all benefit plans, from time to time, in effect for our employees, along with vacation, sick and holiday pay in accordance with its policies established and in effect from time to time.

Effective April 1, 2012, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Daugherty Agreement”) with Dr. Daugherty to serve as Senior Director of Drug Development. The base salary under the Daugherty Agreement is $140,000 per annum, which shall increase to $220,000 per annum upon our consummation of an equity sale of securities in excess of $20 million (the “Daugherty Threshold”). The Daugherty Agreement provides for at-will employment and can be terminated at any time by either party, provided, however, that if we terminate Dr. Daugherty for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Daugherty Agreement), then Dr. Daugherty shall be entitled to six weeks of severance, which severance payment shall increase to six months if such termination occurs after the Daugherty Threshold. In addition, Dr. Daugherty is entitled to participate in any and all benefit plans, from time to time, in effect for our employees, along with vacation, sick and holiday pay in accordance with its policies established and in effect from time to time.

On October 26, 2012, the Company elected to voluntarily terminate Benjamin Selzer as Chief Operating Officer, Secretary and Treasurer, effective immediately and under the terms of his employment agreement, no severance was paid. In conjunction with the termination, 25,000 unvested options previously issued to Mr. Selzer were cancelled.

CORRESP

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306

New York, New York 10022

June 6, 2013

VIA EDGAR

United States Securities and Exchange Commission

Division of Corporation Finance

100 F Street, NE

Washington, DC 20549

Attn:	John Reynolds, Assistant Director
	Division of Corporation Finance
	James Lopez, Esq.
	Adam F. Turk, Esq.

Re:	Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.
	Registration Statement on Form S-1
	Filed May 10, 2013
	File No. 333-188547

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The following responses address the comments of the reviewing staff of the Commission as set forth in a comment letter dated May 31, 2013 (the "Comment Letter") relating to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on May 10, 2013 (the "Registration Statement") by Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (the “Company”). The numbers of the responses in this letter correspond to the numbers of the staff’s comments as set forth in the Comment Letter.

We are filing herewith Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement, which has changes in response to the Comment Letter as well as to update certain other disclosures in the Registration Statement.

General

1. We note there are many blanks throughout your registration statement. With your next amendment, please include all the information which is not covered by Securities Act Rule 430A.

Response:

We have revised our registration statement to reduce the number of blanks contained therein.

Calculation of Registration Fee

2. We note that the Series A Warrants which consist of a portion of your offered Units will be immediately exercisable. Please revise your registration fee table so that it reflects payment for all immediately exercisable securities including your warrants. For guidance, please refer to Securities Act Rules C&DI Question No. 240.05 available at http://www.sec.gov/divisions/corpfin/guidance/securitiesactrules-interps.htm.

Securities and Exchange Commission

June 6, 2013

Page 2 of 4

Response:

We have revised the calculation of registration fee to also include the exercise price of the warrants.

3. Your disclosure on page 86 indicates that you are not registering the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Series A Warrants offered hereby. Please tell us whether you are registering the conversion of the Series A Warrants and revise the disclosure throughout your prospectus to clarify. If you do not intend to register your Series A Warrants, please tell us the exemption from registration under the Securities Act upon which you intend to rely for the conversion and provide an analysis of the applicability of that exemption to your offering.

Response:

We are registering the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Warrants. The prior disclosure that indicated that we are not registering such shares was inadvertent and has been corrected.

Prospectus Cover Page

4. Please revise your prospectus cover page and your plan of distribution to describe the nature of your underwriting arrangement. For example, given your disclosure on page 88 which states that your underwriters are offering the units subject to acceptance from you and subject to prior sale, it is unclear whether you intend for your offering to be a firm commitment. Please include all of the information required by Items 501(b)(8) and 508 of Regulation S-K which is applicable to your offering.

Response:

For the supplemental information of the Staff, the proposed underwriters of the offering have advised us that, as disclosed in the “Underwriting” section of the Registration Statement, they intend to conduct the offering on a “firm-commitment” basis. The disclosure in the “Underwriting” section of the Registration Statement that the proposed underwriting agreement will provide that “[t]he underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the units if any such units are taken” evidences the firm-commitment nature of the underwriters’ obligations. As is customary in firm-commitment underwritings and as is disclosed in the “Underwriting” section of the Registration Statement, the obligation of the underwriters to take and pay for the units being offered will be subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent. Among those conditions is that the securities to be purchased by them be in such denominations and registered in such names as the underwriters may request. The proposed underwriters have advised us that the underwriting agreement for the offering will provide that we must make the securities available to the underwriters for checking and packaging prior to closing. This is the “acceptance” that is referred to in language cited by the Comment. In addition, the proposed underwriters have informed us that the language “subject to prior sale” simply means that while all of the securities will be offered to the public by the underwriters, a particular investor may only be able to purchase a portion of the total amount of the securities offered for sale because the remainder of those securities may have been sold to other investors as part of the public offering. The proposed underwriters have advised us that the language “subject to their acceptance of the units from us and subject to prior sale” is commonly included in underwriting disclosure for firm-commitment underwritings and that, as described above, they do not affect the firm-commitment nature of the underwriters’ obligations once the underwriting agreement is executed and delivered by the parties thereto. As a result, we respectfully submit that no additional disclosure is required in response to this Comment.

Securities and Exchange Commission

June 6, 2013

Page 3 of 4

5. We note your disclosure that on May 9, 2013, the last reported sale price of your common stock was $10.00 per share. Please update this disclosure in future amendments to reflect the most recently available price for your shares.

Response:

We have updated the disclosures in the prospectus regarding the last reported sales price of our common stock and will update such disclosures in any future amendments to reflect the then most recently available price for our common stock.

Risk Factors, page 9

Risks Related to Our Stock, page 27

6. We note your risk factor on page 27 regarding your limited trading market, and that you have applied to list your shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Please expand this risk factor or include a separate risk factor describing the consequences should NASDAQ not accept your shares for listing.

Response:

We have revised our disclosures to include separate risk factors regarding the consequences should NASDAQ not accept our application for inclusion of our common stock for listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market or if our common stock is subsequently removed from The NASDAQ Capital Market.

Use of Proceeds, page 33

7. We note your Calculation of Registration Fee table implies that the proceeds from your offering will be $12 million. However, the disclosure within this section states that the net proceeds of this offering may be less than $6 million. Please revise or advise. Ensure your response is consistent with the type of underwriting arrangement you have selected for your offering.

Response:

We have revised our disclosure to remove any reference to net proceeds of the offering being less than registered.

Undertakings, page II-6

8. Given that you are registering warrants, the conversion of which may not take place immediately, please provide the undertakings required by Item 512(a) of Regulation S-K.

Response:

We have revised our disclosure to include the undertakings required by Item 512(a) if Regulation S-K.

Exhibits

9. Please file the form of your underwriting agreement with your next amendment. Note we will need time to review the document prior to the effectiveness of your registration statement.

Securities and Exchange Commission

June 6, 2013

Page 4 of 4

Response:

We are still negotiating the terms of the underwriting agreement with the underwriters. As a result, we anticipate filing the form of such underwriting agreement on the next amendment. We acknowledge that you will need time to review the underwriting agreement prior to effectiveness of the registration statement.

We trust that the foregoing appropriately addresses the issues raised by your recent Letter of Comment. Thank you in advance for your prompt review and assistance.

Very truly yours,

/s/ SETH LEDERMAN

Seth Lederman

Chief Executive Officer

Cc:  Marc J. Ross, Esq.

James M. Turner, Esq.

CORRESP

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

509 Madison Avenue, Suite 306

New York, New York 10022

June 20, 2013

VIA EDGAR

United States Securities and Exchange Commission

Division of Corporation Finance

100 F Street, NE

Washington, DC 20549

Attn:	John Reynolds, Assistant Director
	Division of Corporation Finance
	James Lopez, Esq.
	Adam F. Turk, Esq.
Re:	Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.
	Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1
	Filed June 6, 2013
	File No. 333-188547

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The following responses address the comments of the reviewing staff of the Commission as set forth in a comment letter dated June 12, 2013 (the "Comment Letter") relating to the Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 6, 2013 (the "Registration Statement") by Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (the “Company”). The numbers of the responses in this letter correspond to the numbers of the staff’s comments as set forth in the Comment Letter.

As discussed below, we are filing herewith Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement, which has changes in response to the Comment Letter as well as to update certain other disclosures in the Registration Statement.

General

1. We note that you filed your June 6, 2012 amendment under the file number 333-186223. Using the form type AW, please withdraw the amendment and refile, along with all related correspondence, under the proper file number 333-188547. Also, please ensure that you file all future amendments under the proper file number.

Response:

The amendment no. 1 was inadvertently coded with the wrong file number of 333-186223. We have filed an amendment withdrawal on Form AW. As a result, we are herewith filing Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement using the proper file number of 333-188547, which includes the prior amendment and additional changes made. In addition, we have refiled the prior response letter with the correct file number. We hereby confirm that we will file all future amendments under the correct file number.

Securities and Exchange Commission

June 20, 2013

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2. We note your response to comment 1 in our letter dated May 31, 2013. We also note that you continue to omit information from your cover page and throughout your prospectus regarding the exercisability period of your warrants. It is unclear how the exercisability period is a term of the security dependent upon the offering date under Rule 430A. Please advise or provide this information in your next amendment.

Response:

We have updated the disclosures in the prospectus regarding the exercisability period of the warrants in the offering, and all information which is not covered by Securities Act Rule 430A is now included in the prospectus.

Underwriting, page 89

3. We have reviewed your response to comment 4 in our letter dated May 31, 2013. Please note that we will consider your response once the form of your underwriting agreement is filed. We may have additional comments at that time.

Response:

We have filed the form of underwriting agreement with this amendment. We believe that the underwriting agreement will support our belief that no additional disclosure is required in response to comment 4 in the staff’s comment letter dated May 31, 2013.

We trust that the foregoing appropriately addresses the issues raised by your recent Letter of Comment. Thank you in advance for your prompt review and assistance.

Very truly yours,

/s/ SETH LEDERMAN

Seth Lederman

Chief Executive Officer

Cc:	Marc J. Ross, Esq.
	James M. Turner, Esq.