NI 43-101 Technical Report
La Libertad Mine
La Libertad Region, Nicaragua
Prepared for:
B2Gold Corp.
Suite 3100, 595 Burrard Street
PO Box
49143
Vancouver, BC
Canada V7X 1J1
Project Number: 1309190
Effective Date: December 31, 2014
Report Date: March 27, 2015
Prepared by:
274 Union Boulevard, Suite 450.
Lakewood, CO 80228
Qualified Persons:
Donald E. Hulse P.E.
William J. Crowl MMSA
Deepak
Malhotra Ph.D.
B2Gold Corp. | I |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Date and Signature Page
The effective date of this Technical Report, titled “NI 43-101 Technical Report La Libertad Mine, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua” is December 31, 2014. The report date is March 27, 2015.
Signed,
“signed and sealed“ | Dated: March 27, 2015 |
Donald E. Hulse, PE | |
“signed and sealed“ | Dated: March 27, 2015 |
William J. Crowl | |
“signed and sealed“ | Dated: March 27, 2015 |
Deepak Malhotra, PhD |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
La Lib 43-101 R35 |
B2Gold Corp. | II |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Summary (Item 1)
The La Libertad Mine (“La Libertad” or “the Mine”) is a producing mine operated by Desarrollo Minero de Nicaragua S.A. (“DESMINIC”), a subsidiary of B2Gold Corp. (B2Gold) The Mine currently produces about 185,000 tonnes of ore per month at a stripping ratio of about 8.5:1, at an average gold grade of approximately 2 g/t. La Libertad is forecast to produce about 135 kOz of gold and 360 kOz of silver in 2015. This forecast includes production that comes from Mineral Resources not yet converted to Mineral Reserves.
Property Description, Location and Ownership
The Mine is located within the municipality of La Libertad, Chontales Department, Republic of Nicaragua, approximately 110 km due east of Managua. B2Gold holds, indirectly through their subsidiary, Desarrollo Minero de Nicaragua S.A. (“DESMINIC”), a 100% interest in one exploitation concession (La Libertad) covering 10,950 hectares, granted on September 6, 1994 for the term of 40 years and three exploration concessions covering a total of 5,796 Ha. The exploitation and exploration concessions form one contiguous block.
Geology and Mineralization
Nicaragua is divided into five provinces that reflect the country’s geological make-up. The Libertad gold district covers an area of approximately 150 km2 within the Central Province. The deposits lie within a broad belt of Tertiary volcanic rocks that have been differentiated into two major units called the Matagalpa and the Coyol Groups (McBirney and Williams, 1965; Pearsons, 1972). The Oligocene to Miocene age Matagalpa Group consists of intermediate to felsic pyroclastic rocks. Unconformably overlying the Matagalpa Group are Miocene-aged mafic to intermediate lavas of the Lower Coyol unit. The rocks of the Lower Coyol unit host the gold-bearing quartz veins in the Libertad gold district. Pliocene-age mafic lavas and ignimbrites, belonging to the 400 m to 600 m thick Upper Coyol unit, form mesa-like erosional remnants in the region (Darce, 1990).
Within the property there are two well defined mineralized areas, the Mojon trend and the Jabalí area.
The Mojon trend forms a braided stockwork system trending 063° and dipping sub-vertically 75-90° to the SSE. Stockwork/vein zones average 22m wide, with a range from 5-40m. Numerous hanging wall splays are present that are generally narrower and less continuous than the main zone. They are oriented 075°, and have vertical to slightly NNW dips. Au grades in the stockwork zones are generally 0.1 -0.5 g/t Au with occasional spikey values.
Massive veins/vein breccias within the stockwork envelopes have an average true width of about 9m with a range of 1 -20m. Higher gold grades are associated with vuggy, drusy and banded quartz veins. Pyrite (and its oxidized products) is closely related to gold mineralization but is present in small volumes, generally less than 1%.
The Jabali low sulfidation epithermal quartz adularia vein system is hosted in a thick sequence of andesitic flows believed to be part of the Lower Coyol Group. The group consists of individual, feldspar porphyritic andesitic flows ranging in thickness from two meters to five meters to much larger flows 22m to 50m in thickness. Lapilli-tuff and occasionally ash tuff beds of variable thickness separate the flows.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | III |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
The east-west trending Jabali vein system has been traced on surface over a distance of more than six kilometers. To date, ongoing diamond drilling has tested more than 3,950 meters of the Jabali vein system. The vein system dips to the north, varying from 60° to 80° north.
Exploration Status
Exploration by B2Gold in the La Libertad area has been conducted continuously since 2009. In 2009, B2Gold began a mapping and sampling program of the La Libertad concession on a number of low sulfidation epithermal veins along the 20 kilometer epithermal gold vein district. Exploration work includes soil and stream sediment surveys, geophysical surveys, geological mapping and sampling; and trenching over the prospective structures.
Works include:
• | Airborne Geophysics |
• | Mapping |
• | Geochemical Surveys |
• | Surface Sampling |
• | Topographic Surveys |
• | Core Drilling |
Development and Operations
La Libertad is currently in production, producing from two open pits, Mojon and Jabali Central. A third pit, Jabali Antenna, is expected to begin production in 2015. Mining is a traditional truck and loader (excavator) surface operation with drilling and blasting performed by DESMINIC and loading and haulage to the plant or the dumps provided by Santa Fe Ltda, a contracting firm.
Ore is processed through a mill and leach facility with an agitated leach and a carbon in pulp (CIP) circuit. The metals are recovered using adsorption, desorption and recovery (ADR) with electrolytic recovery resulting in the production of gold and silver doré.
Mineral Resource Estimate
B2Gold has continued drilling and exploring the property since its acquisition in 2009. The current resource is contained in five deposits. Table 1 lists the effective date for each Mineral Resource estimate by deposit.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | IV |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 1 Resource Estimate Dates
Deposit | Year |
Mojon | 2014 |
Jabali Central | 2012 |
Jabali Antenna | 2015 |
Los Angeles | 2015 |
San Juan | 2015 |
La Libertad contains both open pit and underground Mineral Resources. The open pit Mineral Resources at La Libertad have been constrained by Whittle™ economic pit limits. The underground Mineral Resources are constrained by grade and continuity to demonstrate that they have the reasonable probability to be economically viable. They are presented in Table 2. Gustavson has reviewed the Mineral Resource estimates at La Libertad and accepts that these estimates meet the standards for NI 43-101 resources according to their classification. The effective date of the Mineral Resource Estimate is December 31, 2014.
Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not demonstrate economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted to Mineral Reserves. The quantity and grade or quality is an estimate and is rounded to reflect the fact that it is an approximation. The Mineral Resource Estimate is summarized in Table 2.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | V |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 2 La Libertad Mineral Resource
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut off | kTonnes | Au g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Indicated | OP | 0.60 | 2,091.3 | 2.10 | 141.48 |
Jabali Central | Indicated | OP | 0.73 | 1,982.0 | 3.01 | 191.52 |
Jabali Antenna | Indicated | OP | 0.73 | 1,329.3 | 4.57 | 195.20 |
Spent Ore | Indicated | OP | 0.76 | 4,365.5 | 0.87 | 122.11 |
TOTAL | Indicated | 9,768.1 | 2.07 | 650.31 | ||
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut off | kTonnes | Au g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Inferred | OP | 0.60 | 181.7 | 2.41 | 14.09 |
Jabali Central | Inferred | OP | 0.73 | 449.3 | 3.09 | 44.64 |
Jabali Antenna | Inferred | OP | 0.73 | 423.3 | 3.38 | 46.04 |
Los Angeles | Inferred | OP | 0.65 | 207.6 | 2.57 | 17.18 |
Spent Ore | Inferred | OP | 0.66 | 2,440.0 | 0.70 | 55.00 |
SUBTOTAL | INFERRED | Open Pit | 3,701.9 | 1.49 | 176.95 | |
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut off | kTonnes | Au g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 497.4 | 3.79 | 60.68 |
Jabali Central | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 620.1 | 3.28 | 65.36 |
Jabali Antenna | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 1,094.7 | 4.72 | 165.99 |
San Juan | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 210.9 | 6.13 | 41.53 |
SUBTOTAL | INFERRED | Underground | 2,423.1 | 4.28 | 333.56 |
Notes: | |
(1) | Mineral Resources are inclusive of Mineral Reserves. |
(2) | All open pit Mineral Resources for Libertad are reported within $1,500 per ounce gold pit shells and above various cut-off grades, 0.73 g/t for Jabali, Antenna and Central zones, 0.65 g/t for Los Angeles and 0.60g/t for Mojon. Underground Mineral Resources for Jabali and Mojon are reported outside resource pit shells and above a cut-off grade of 2.4 g/t gold. San Juan Mineral Resources are reported outside the area of small miner activity and above a gold cutoff grade of 2.4 g/t/. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have a demonstrated economic viability. Due to the uncertainty which may be attached to Inferred Mineral Resources, it cannot be assumed that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource will be upgraded to an Indicated or Measured Mineral Resources as a result of continued exploration. |
(3) | Mineral Resources numbers have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate and numbers may not add due to rounding. |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | VI |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Mineral Reserve Estimate
The Mineral Reserve at La Libertad includes material from three open pits, Mojon, Jabali Central and Jabali Antenna, and a total for Spent Ore sourced from previously heap leached material. The effective date of the Mineral Reserve Estimate is January 1, 2015
Table 3 La Libertad Mineral Reserves
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut off | kTonnes | Au g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Probable | OP | 0.69 | 911.1 | 1.51 | 44.23 |
Jabali Central | Probable | OP | 0.84 | 2,159.2 | 2.74 | 190.21 |
Jabali Antenna | Probable | OP | 0.84 | 501.1 | 4.20 | 67.67 |
Spent Ore | Probable | OP | 0.76 | 4,365.5 | 0.87 | 122.11 |
TOTAL | Probable | 7,936.9 | 1.66 | 424.22 |
Notes: | |
Mineral Reserves reported at a $1300 per ounce gold price within design pits. | |
(1) | Cut-off grades and design pits based on 2015 budget costs. |
(2) | Mineral Reserves reported are fully diluted. The amount of dilution applied varies by deposit. |
(3) | Mineral Reserves are reported above a cut-off grade as indicated in the above table 3. |
(4) | Mineral Reserves numbers have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate and numbers may not add due to rounding. |
(5) | The mining permit for Jabali Antenna is expected to be granted in the second quarter of 2015. |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | VII |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Conclusions and Recommendations
La Libertad is currently a profitable open pit operation. Mineral process plant recoveries are 94%, among the best in the industry, with cash operating costs of $767 per troy ounce gold. Results demonstrate that this will be expected to continue for the balance of the life of mine. The mine holds all necessary permits for the current mining and processing operations, and is in full compliance with all of its permits. No significant social or environmental obstacles have been encountered for the remaining permits that are necessary to complete the life of mine plan. The largest risk to the operation is the market price of gold and silver.
Gustavson recommends the following works which may be able to enhance and optimize the project’s performance.
• | Monitor model to mine reconciliation and determine if model is performing to desired levels. |
• | Compare model to additional drilling and assess whether an update to the model is required. |
• | Perform a change of support study to determine if any corrections to the model are required and if the current level of smoothing is appropriate. |
• | Additional drilling to upgrade the current Inferred Mineral Resource to Indicated and to expand the Mineral Resource |
• | Further evaluate moving the existing Los Angeles mill and/or the underground potential of the Los Angeles deposit. |
• | Examine potential savings of expanding reclamation closure activities as the operation nears the end of its operating life. |
The bulk of these work items will be done in the normal course of business by the mine and corporate staff. The additional cost will be the 2015 drilling campaign to upgrade Inferred Resources and increase resources for both surface and underground potential.
The expected work is estimated at $5 million. The 13,100 meters of drilling is distributed according to Table 4.
Table 4 2015 Drill Recommendations
Target Area | Meters | # Holes | Purpose |
Mojon Central UG | 3,000 | 25 | UG Resource Definition |
Jabali Central West (ramp) |
3,500 | 13 | UG Resource Definition |
Jabali Antenna East | 4,800 | 17 | UG Resource Definition |
Los Angeles | 1,000 | 10 | OP Resource Definition |
Other | 800 | 9 | Condemnation |
TOTAL | 13,100 | 74 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | VIII |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE | I | ||
SUMMARY (ITEM 1) | II | ||
1 | INTRODUCTION (ITEM 2) | 1-1 | |
1.1 | TERMS OF REFERENCE AND PURPOSE OF THE REPORT | 1-1 | |
1.2 | QUALIFICATIONS OF CONSULTANTS (GUSTAVSON) | 1-1 | |
1.2.1 | Details of Inspection | 1-2 | |
1.3 | EFFECTIVE DATE | 1-2 | |
1.4 | UNITS OF MEASURE | 1-2 | |
2 | RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS (ITEM 3) | 2-1 | |
2.1 | SOURCES OF INFORMATION | 2-1 | |
3 | PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION (ITEM 4) | 3-1 | |
3.1 | PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION | 3-1 | |
3.2 | MINERAL TITLES | 3-1 | |
3.2.1 | Nature and Extent of Issuer’s Interest | 3-1 | |
3.3 | ROYALTIES, AGREEMENTS AND ENCUMBRANCES | 3-3 | |
3.4 | ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES AND PERMITTING | 3-4 | |
3.4.1 | Environmental Liabilities | 3-4 | |
3.4.2 | Required Permits and Status | 3-4 | |
3.5 | OTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTORS AND RISKS | 3-5 | |
4 | ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY (ITEM 5) | 4-1 | |
4.1 | TOPOGRAPHY, ELEVATION AND VEGETATION | 4-1 | |
4.2 | CLIMATE AND LENGTH OF OPERATING SEASON | 4-1 | |
4.3 | SUFFICIENCY OF SURFACE RIGHTS | 4-1 | |
4.4 | ACCESSIBILITY AND TRANSPORTATION TO THE PROPERTY | 4-1 | |
4.5 | INFRASTRUCTURE AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES | 4-2 | |
4.5.1 | Power | 4-2 | |
4.5.2 | Water | 4-2 | |
4.5.3 | Mining Personnel | 4-2 | |
4.5.4 | Tailings Storage Areas | 4-2 | |
4.5.5 | Waste Disposal Areas | 4-2 | |
4.5.6 | Spent Ore Pad Areas | 4-3 | |
4.5.7 | Processing Plant Sites | 4-3 | |
5 | HISTORY (ITEM 6) | 5-1 | |
5.1 | PRIOR OWNERSHIP | 5-1 | |
5.2 | HISTORICAL PRODUCTION | 5-4 | |
6 | GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION (ITEM 7) | 6-1 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | IX |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
6.1 | REGIONAL, LOCAL AND PROPERTY GEOLOGY | 6-1 | ||
6.1.1 | Mojon | 6-2 | ||
6.1.2 | Jabali Area | 6-5 | ||
6.2 | SIGNIFICANT MINERALIZED ZONES | 6-5 | ||
6.2.1 | Mojon | 6-5 | ||
6.2.2 | San Juan | 6-5 | ||
6.2.3 | Los Angeles | 6-8 | ||
6.2.4 | Jabali Central and Jabali Antenna Zones | 6-10 | ||
7 | DEPOSIT TYPES (ITEM 8) | 7-1 | ||
8 | EXPLORATION (ITEM 9) | 8-1 | ||
8.1 | RELEVANT EXPLORATION WORK | 8-1 | ||
8.2 | AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICS | 8-1 | ||
8.3 | MAPPING | 8-1 | ||
8.4 | GEOCHEMICAL SURVEYS | 8-1 | ||
8.5 | SURFACE SAMPLING | 8-2 | ||
8.6 | TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | 8-3 | ||
8.7 | EXPLORATION SAMPLE QUALITY | 8-3 | ||
9 | DRILLING (ITEM 10) | 9-1 | ||
9.1 | LA LIBERTAD DRILL PROGRAMS | 9-1 | ||
9.1.1 | Drill Orientations | 9-5 | ||
9.1.2 | Drill Contractors | 9-5 | ||
9.1.3 | Core Transport | 9-5 | ||
9.1.4 | Geological Logging | 9-5 | ||
9.1.5 | Geotechnical Logging | 9-6 | ||
9.1.6 | Collar Surveys | 9-7 | ||
9.1.7 | Downhole Surveys | 9-7 | ||
9.1.8 | Core Storage | 9-7 | ||
9.1.9 | Conclusions on Drilling, Sampling and Recovery | 9-7 | ||
10 | SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY (ITEM 11) | 10-1 | ||
10.1 | METHODS | 10-1 | ||
10.1.1 | Sample Preparation |
10-1 | ||
10.1.2 | Sample Analyses |
10-2 | ||
10.1.3 | Laboratory Certifications | 10-2 | ||
10.2 | SECURITY MEASURES | 10-3 | ||
10.3 | ASSAYING QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) PROGRAM | 10-3 | ||
10.4 | OPINION ON ADEQUACY | 10-4 | ||
11 | DATA VERIFICATION (ITEM 12) | 11-1 | ||
11.1 | PROCEDURES | 11-1 | ||
11.2 | LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 11-1 | ||
11.3 | DATA ADEQUACY | 11-1 | ||
11.4 | PRODUCTION RECONCILIATION | 11-1 |
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B2Gold Corp. | X |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
12 | MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING (ITEM 13) | 12-1 | |||
12.1 | TESTING AND PROCEDURES | 12-1 | |||
12.2 | RELEVANT RESULTS | 12-1 | |||
12.3 | SAMPLE REPRESENTATIVENESS | 12-1 | |||
12.4 | SIGNIFICANT FACTORS | 12-2 | |||
13 | MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE (ITEM 14) | 13-1 | |||
13.1 | ASSUMPTIONS, PARAMETERS AND METHODS | 13-1 | |||
13.2 | BASIS FOR ESTIMATE | 13-1 | |||
13.2.1 | Contamination | 13-1 | |||
13.2.2 | Software | 13-2 | |||
13.2.3 | Model Setup | 13-2 | |||
13.2.4 | Economic Mineral Resource Pit Limits | 13-2 | |||
13.3 | MOJON | 13-3 | |||
13.3.1 | Database | 13-3 | |||
13.3.2 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 13-5 | |||
13.3.3 | Interpretation of 3-D Solids | 13-7 | |||
13.3.4 | Capping and Compositing | 13-7 | |||
13.3.5 | Block Model | 13-7 | |||
13.3.6 | Density | 13-8 | |||
13.3.7 | Variography | 13-9 | |||
13.3.8 | Estimation Method | 13-9 | |||
13.3.9 | Resource Classification | 13-10 | |||
13.3.10 | Model Validation | 13-10 | |||
13.3.11 | Visual Comparison | 13-10 | |||
13.3.11.1 Model to drillhole true thickness comparison | 13-11 | ||||
13.3.11.2 Comparison Block Statistics | 13-11 | ||||
13.3.11.3 Swath Plots | 13-12 | ||||
13.4 | JABALÎ CENTRAL | 13-13 | |||
13.4.1 | Database | 13-13 | |||
13.4.2 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 13-15 | |||
13.4.3 | Interpretation of 3-D Solids | 13-15 | |||
13.4.4 | Capping and Compositing | 13-16 | |||
13.4.5 | Block Model | 13-17 | |||
13.4.6 | Density | 13-17 | |||
13.4.7 | Grade Estimation | 13-18 | |||
13.4.7.1 Variography | 13-18 | ||||
13.4.8 | Estimation Method | 13-18 | |||
13.4.9 | Resource Classification | 13-19 | |||
13.4.10 | Model Validation | 13-19 | |||
13.4.10.1 Comparison Block Statistics | 13-20 | ||||
13.4.10.2 Swath Plots | 13-20 | ||||
13.5 | JABALÎ ANTENNA | 13-22 | |||
13.5.1 | Database | 13-22 | |||
13.5.2 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 13-24 | |||
13.5.3 | Interpretation of 3-D Solids | 13-24 |
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.5.4 |
Capping and Compositing | 13-26 | |
13.5.5 |
Block Model | 13-27 | |
13.5.6 |
Density | 13-28 | |
13.5.7 |
Grade Estimation | 13-28 | |
13.5.7.1 Variography | 13-28 | ||
13.5.8 | Estimation Method | 13-29 | |
13.5.9 | Resource Classification | 13-29 | |
13.5.10 | Model Validation | 13-30 | |
13.5.10.1 Visual Comparison | 13-30 | ||
13.5.10.2 Comparison Block Statistics | 13-30 | ||
13.5.10.3 Swath Plots | 13-31 | ||
13.5.11 | Grade Tonnage Curves | 13-33 | |
13.6 | LOS ANGELES | 13-34 | |
13.6.1 | Database | 13-34 | |
13.6.2 | Geology | 13-34 | |
13.6.3 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 13-35 | |
13.6.4 | Interpretation of 3-D Solids | 13-36 | |
13.6.5 | Capping and Compositing | 13-36 | |
13.6.6 | Block Model | 13-37 | |
13.6.7 | Density | 13-37 | |
13.6.8 | Grade Estimation | 13-38 | |
13.6.8.1 Variography | 13-38 | ||
13.6.9 | Estimation Method | 13-38 | |
13.6.10 | Resource Classification | 13-38 | |
13.6.11 | Model Validation | 13-39 | |
13.6.11.1 Visual Comparison | 13-39 | ||
13.6.11.2 Model Block Statistics | 13-39 | ||
13.6.11.3 Swath Plots | 13-40 | ||
13.6.12 | Sensitivity and Capping | 13-41 | |
13.6.13 | Analysis of Removing Existing Mill | 13-41 | |
13.7 | SAN JUAN | 13-42 | |
13.7.1 | Database | 13-42 | |
13.7.2 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 13-44 | |
13.7.3 | Interpretation of 3-D Solids | 13-46 | |
13.7.4 | Capping and Compositing | 13-46 | |
13.7.5 | Block Model | 13-47 | |
13.7.6 | Density | 13-48 | |
13.7.7 | Grade Estimation | 13-49 | |
13.7.7.1 Variography | 13-49 | ||
13.7.8 | Estimation Method | 13-49 | |
13.7.9 | Resource Classification | 13-50 | |
13.7.10 | Model Validation | 13-50 | |
13.7.10.1 Visual Comparison | 13-50 | ||
13.7.10.2 Comparison Block Statistics | 13-50 | ||
13.7.10.3 Swath Plots | 13-51 | ||
13.7.11 | San Juan Underground Resource | 13-52 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | XII |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.8 | MINERAL RESOURCE TABULATION | 13-52 | ||
13.9 | RESOURCE ESTIMATE RISK FACTORS | 13-53 | ||
13.10 | RECOMMENDATIONS |
13-54 | ||
14 | MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATE (ITEM 15) | 14-1 | ||
14.1 | CONVERSION ASSUMPTIONS, PARAMETERS AND METHODS | 14-1 | ||
14.2 | RELEVANT FACTORS | 14-1 | ||
14.3 | MINERAL RESERVE TABULATIONS | 14-2 | ||
15 | MINING METHODS (ITEM 16) | 15-1 | ||
15.1 | CURRENT MINING METHOD | 15-1 | ||
15.2 | RELEVANT INFORMATION | 15-1 | ||
15.3 | RELEVANT PARAMETERS | 15-2 | ||
15.4 | PRODUCTION RATES, MINE LIFE, UNIT DIMENSIONS AND DILUTION | 15-2 | ||
15.5 | MINE DESIGN AND LAYOUT | 15-4 | ||
15.6 | DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS | 15-6 | ||
15.7 | MINING FLEET AND REQUIREMENTS | 15-6 | ||
16 | RECOVERY METHODS (ITEM 17) | 16-1 | ||
16.1 | OPERATION RESULTS | 16-1 | ||
16.2 | FLOWSHEET | 16-1 | ||
16.3 | OPERATING COSTS | 16-2 | ||
17 | PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE (ITEM 18) | 17-1 | ||
17.1 | INFRASTRUCTURE AND LOGISTIC REQUIREMENTS | 17-1 | ||
18 | MARKET STUDIES AND CONTRACTS (ITEM 19) | 18-1 | ||
18.1 | SUMMARY OF INFORMATION | 18-1 | ||
19 | ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACT (ITEM 20) | 19-1 | ||
20 | CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS (ITEM 21) | 20-1 | ||
20.1 | CAPITAL COST ESTIMATES | 20-1 | ||
20.1.1 | Basis for Capital Cost Estimates |
20-1 | ||
20.2 | OPERATING COST ESTIMATES | 20-1 | ||
20.2.1 | Basis for Operating Cost Estimates |
20-2 | ||
21 | ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (ITEM 22) | 21-1 | ||
21.1 | PRINCIPAL ASSUMPTIONS | 21-1 | ||
21.2 | CASHFLOW FORECASTS AND ANNUAL PRODUCTION FORECASTS | 21-1 | ||
21.3 | TAXES, ROYALTIES AND OTHER INTERESTS | 21-4 | ||
21.4 | RESULTS | 21-4 | ||
22 | ADJACENT PROPERTIES (ITEM 23) | 22-1 | ||
23 | OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION (ITEM 24) | 23-1 | ||
24 | INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS (ITEM 25) | 24-1 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | XIII |
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24.1 | RESULTS | 24-1 | ||
24.2 | SIGNIFICANT RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES | 24-1 | ||
24.2.1 | Exploration | 24-1 | ||
24.2.2 | Mineral Resource Estimate | 24-1 | ||
24.2.3 | Metallurgy and Processing | 24-1 | ||
24.2.4 | Projected Economic Outcomes | 24-1 | ||
24.2.5 | Foreseeable Impacts of Risks | 24-1 | ||
25 | RECOMMENDATIONS (ITEM 26) | 25-1 | ||
25.1 | RECOMMENDED WORK PROGRAMS | 25-1 | ||
25.1.1 | Costs | 25-1 | ||
26 | REFERENCES (ITEM 27) | 26-2 | ||
27 | GLOSSARY | 27-1 | ||
27.1 | MINERAL RESOURCES | 27-1 | ||
27.2 | MINERAL RESERVES | 27-1 | ||
27.3 | TECHNICAL TERMS | 27-2 | ||
27.4 | DEFINITION OF TERMS | 27-3 |
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Resource Estimate Dates | |
Table 2 La Libertad Mineral Resource | |
Table 3 La Libertad Mineral Reserves | |
Table 3-1: Details of Mineral Tenement, La Libertad Mine, Nicaragua. | 3-3 |
Table 3-2: Permits for the La Libertad Mine | 3-5 |
Table 5-1 Historical Production at La Libertad | 5-4 |
Table 5-2 B2Gold La Libertad Processing Production History | 5-4 |
Table 9-1 Drill hole summary, Dec 31, 2014 | 9-3 |
Table 9-2 Summary of Average Recoveries | 9-6 |
Table 11-1: La Libertad Production Reconciliation, 2012 - 2014 by Year and 2009 – 2014 Total | 11-2 |
Table 12-1 Libertad Mill Production Statistics | 12-1 |
Table 13-1 Drill Hole Database | 13-1 |
Table 13-2 Domain and Weathering Codes - La Libertad | 13-2 |
Table 13-3 Economic Pit Limit Parameters for Mineral Resources | 13-3 |
Table 13-4 Estimation of Mojon Resource Model | 13-3 |
Table 13-5 Mojon Grade Capping by Rock Type | 13-7 |
Table 13-6 Mojon Block Model Parameters | 13-7 |
Table 13-7 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering | 13-9 |
Table 13-8 Gold Variograms - Mojon Model | 13-9 |
Table 13-9 Mojon Estimation Search Parameters | 13-10 |
Table 13-10 Mojon Resource Classification Criteria | 13-10 |
Table 13-11 Jabali Central Drill Database | 13-13 |
Table 13-12 Capping Values for Jabali Central | 13-17 |
Table 13-13 Jabali Central Block Model Parameters | 13-17 |
Table 13-14 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering | 13-18 |
Table 13-15 Gold Variograms - Central Model | 13-18 |
Table 13-16 Central Estimation Search Parameters | 13-19 |
Table 13-17 Central Jabali Resource Classification Criteria | 13-19 |
Table 13-18 Block Statistics for Jabali Central | 13-20 |
Table 13-19 Jabali Antenna Block Model Parameters | 13-27 |
Table 13-20 Jabali Antenna Model Codes | 13-28 |
Table 13-21 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering | 13-28 |
Table 13-22 Gold Variograms – Jabali Antenna Model | 13-29 |
Table 13-23 Jabali Antenna Estimation Search Parameters | 13-29 |
Table 13-24 Jabali Antenna Resource Classification Criteria | 13-29 |
Table 13-25 Global Model Statistics | 13-31 |
Table 13-26 Drill Database for Los Angeles | 13-34 |
Table 13-27 Los Angeles Grade Capping by Rock | 13-37 |
Table 13-28 Los Angeles Block Model Parameters | 13-37 |
Table 13-29 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering | 13-38 |
Table 13-30 Los Angeles Estimation Search Parameters | 13-38 |
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Table 13-31 Jabali Antenna Interpolation Method Comparison | 13-39 |
Table 13-32 Los Angeles Capped and Uncapped Model Grade Comparisons | 13-41 |
Table 13-33 Drill Database for San Juan Deposit | 13-43 |
Table 13-34 San Juan Capping Values | 13-47 |
Table 13-35 San Juan Block Model Parameters | 13-48 |
Table 13-36 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering | 13-48 |
Table 13-37 Gold Variograms - San Juan Model | 13-49 |
Table 13-38 San Juan Estimation Search Parameters | 13-49 |
Table 13-39 San Juan Resource Classification Criteria | 13-50 |
Table 13-40 San Juan Grade Interpolation Method Comparison | 13-51 |
Table 13-41 Underground Resource at San Juan | 13-52 |
Table 13-42 La Libertad Mineral Resource | 13-53 |
Table 14-1 Economic Parameters for Pit Design | 14-1 |
Table 14-2 La Libertad Mineral Reserves | 14-2 |
Table 15-1 2014 Actual Production | 15-1 |
Table 15-2 La Libertad pit design parameters | 15-2 |
Table 15-3 La Libertad pit slope design parameters | 15-2 |
Table 15-4 La Libertad Life of Mine Schedule | 15-4 |
Table 15-5 Mobile Equipment Fleet | 15-7 |
Table 16-1 Mill Operating Costs | 16-3 |
Table 17-1 La Libertad Labor | 17-1 |
Table 20-1 La Libertad Capital Costs | 20-1 |
Table 20-2 La Libertad Mine Operating Cost | 20-2 |
Table 21-1 La Libertad Life of Mine Economic Model | 21-3 |
Table 21-1 La Libertad Life of Mine Economic Model (continued) | |
Table 25-1 -- 2015 Drill Recommendations | 25-1 |
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1: Location of La Libertad Mine, Nicaragua | 3-1 |
Figure 3-2: B2Gold Mineral Concessions | 3-2 |
Figure 3-3: Mineral Concessions and Easements | 3-6 |
Figure 5-1 La Libertad Production History | 5-5 |
Figure 6-1: Regional Geology, Libertad Property, Chontales Department, Nicaragua | 6-1 |
Figure 6-2: La Libertad area geology | 6-2 |
Figure 6-3: Plan map of 2011 Mojon drillhole location and surface geology | 6-3 |
Figure 6-4: Mojon Vertical Cross Section (looking NE) – Displaying mineralization wireframes and drill hole grades | 6-4 |
Figure 6-5: Plan map of typical mineralized geology on 500 m level | 6-6 |
Figure 6-6: Sample section looking northwest showing typical geology at San Juan | 6-7 |
Figure 6-7: Level plan of Los Angeles Geology | 6-9 |
Figure 6-8: Vertical Cross section of Los Angeles geology looking northeast | 6-10 |
Figure 6-9: Surface geology of the Jabali Central zone | 6-11 |
Figure 6-10: Cross section of Jabali Central (looking East) Mineralization wireframes and drill hole assays | 6-12 |
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Figure 6-11: Plan map of Jabali Antenna Zone drilling | 6-13 |
Figure 6-12: Cross section of Jabali Antenna Zone (looking East) Mineralization wireframes and drill hole assays | 6-13 |
Figure 13-1 Cross Section of Mojon Deposit (looking Northeast) | 13-5 |
Figure 13-2 Mojon Vein Cumulative Frequency Plot – Au | 13-6 |
Figure 13-3 Mojon Stockwork Cumulative Frequency Plot - Au | 13-6 |
Figure 13-4 Mojon Gold Swath Plot East-West | 13-12 |
Figure 13-5 Mojon Gold Swath Plot Vertical | 13-13 |
Figure 13-6 Jabali Central Cross Section (looking northeast) | 13-14 |
Figure 13-7 Cumulative Frequency Distributions for Vein and Stockwork – Jabali Central. | 13-15 |
Figure 13-8 Central Gold Swath Plot East-West | 13-21 |
Figure 13-9 Central Gold Swath Plot Vertical | 13-21 |
Figure 13-10 Jabali Central Grade Tonnage Curve | 13-22 |
Figure 13-11 Jabali Antenna Cross Section (Looking Northeast) | 13-23 |
Figure 13-12 Jabali Antenna Sample Statistics by Domain | 13-26 |
Figure 13-13 Jabali Antenna Composite Statistics by Domain | 13-27 |
Figure 13-14 Jabali Antenna Vein Swath Plot East-West | 13-32 |
Figure 13-15 Jabali Antenna Stockwork Swath Plot East-West | 13-32 |
Figure 13-16 Jabali Antenna Gallery/Fill Swath Plot East-West | 13-33 |
Figure 13-17 Grade Tonnage for Antenna Indicated Mineral Resource | 13-33 |
Figure 13-18 Cross Section of Los Angeles Deposit (Looking Northeast) | 13-35 |
Figure 13-19 Cumulative Frequency Diagrams for Los Angeles Vein and Stockwork | 13-36 |
Figure 13-20 Los Angeles Qtz Bx Gold Swath Plot East-West | 13-40 |
Figure 13-21 Los Angeles Grade Tonnage Curve | 13-40 |
Figure 13-22 Constraint Imposed by Existing Los Angeles Mill | 13-41 |
Figure 13-23 Cross Section of San Juan Deposit (Looking East) | 13-44 |
Figure 13-24 Cumulative Frequency Distributions by Rock Type – San Juan | 13-46 |
Figure 13-25 Composite Statistics by Domain | 13-47 |
Figure 13-26 Vertical long section(looking North) of mined out sectors (MOSECT) with drill hole pierce points | 13-49 |
Figure 13-27 San Juan Gold Swath Plot East-West | 13-51 |
Figure 13-28 Grade tonnage curve comparing different interpolation methods | 13-52 |
Figure 15-1 Mojon Area General
Arrangement |
15-5 |
Figure 15-2 Jabali Area General Arrangement | 15-6 |
Figure 16-1 Process Flow Diagram | 16-2 |
Figure 16-2 Plant Area General Arrangement | 16-4 |
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A
Certificates of Authors
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
1 INTRODUCTION (ITEM 2) |
The La Libertad Mine (“La Libertad” or “the Mine”) is located within the La Libertad mineral tenement, which is located in the municipal area of La Libertad, Chontales Department, Republic of Nicaragua, approximately 110 km due east of Managua, the capital city of Nicaragua and 32 kilometers northeast of Juigalpa. B2Gold holds, indirectly through their subsidiary, Desarrollo Minero de Nicaragua S.A. (“DESMINIC”), a 100% interest in one exploitation concession covering 10,950 hectares, granted on September 6, 1994 for the term of 40 years pursuant to Ministerial Decree No. 032-RNMC/94. DESMINIC also holds three exploration concessions covering a total of 5,796 Ha.The exploitation and exploration concessions form one contiguous block.
1.1 Terms of Reference and Purpose of the Report |
Gustavson Associates, LLC (“Gustavson”) was commissioned by B2Gold to prepare a Technical Report on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves for the Mine. The purpose of this report is to present the current Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates for the properties on the Mine’s concessions, and to enable B2Gold to comply with certain Canadian regulatory requirements.
This report was prepared according to Canadian National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects and associated Form 43-101F1 (June 30, 2011), and Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (November 27, 2010). The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates, interpretations and conclusions reported herein are based on technical data available as of the effective date of this report, December 31, 2014.
During preparation of this report, Gustavson relied in good faith on information provided by B2Gold regarding property ownership, mineral tenure and royalties and agreements (Sections 3.2 through 3.4) . Gustavson has not independently verified the status of the property ownership or mineral tenure presented by B2Gold through the following report:
• | Scott, B. (2011). NI 43-101 Technical Report - Jabali Project, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua, May 12, 2011 (the “2011 Technical Report”); |
Information provided in the above report is used in Sections 4, 5 and 6 of this report.
1.2 Qualifications of Consultants (Gustavson) |
The Qualified Persons (QPs), as defined by NI 43-101, responsible for this report are:
• | Donald E. Hulse, P.E., Vice President and Principal Mining Engineer, Gustavson; |
• | Deepak Malhotra, PhD., President, Resource Development Inc. (RDi); and |
• | William J. Crowl, M.S., Associate Principal Geologist, Gustavson. |
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Mr. Hulse acted as project manager during preparation of this report, and is specifically responsible for Sections 1 through 4, 13 through 15, and 17 through 26. Dr. Malhotra is responsible for Sections 12 and 16. Mr. Crowl is responsible for Sections 5 through 11.
1.2.1 Details of Inspection |
Messrs. Hulse, Malhotra and Crowl visited La Libertad on February 9 and 10, 2015. Specific sites visited included the Mojon and Jabali pits; the core shed and logging area and the process plant, tailings area and refinery.
1.3 Effective Date |
The effective date of this report is December 31, 2014.
1.4 Units of Measure |
Units of Measure | Abbreviations | ||
Centimeter | cm | Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | AAS |
Cubic meter | m2 |
Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | CIM |
Day | d | Carbon-in-Leach | CIL |
Degree | ° | Diamond Drill | DD |
Gallons per minute | gpm | ||
Gram | g | General and Administrative | G&A |
Gram per tonne | g/t | Global Positioning System | GPS |
Greater than | > | Inverse Distance Squared | ID2 |
Hectare | ha | Joint Ore Reserves Committee | JORC |
Kilo (thousand) | K | National Instrument 43-101 | NI 43-101 |
Kilogram | kg | Nearest Neighbor | NN |
Kilometer | km | Net Present Value | NPV |
Less than | < | Rock Quality Designation | RQD |
Milligram | mg | Professional Geologist | P.Geo. |
Millimeter | mm | Selective Mining Unit | SMU |
Million | M | Universal Transverse Mercator | UTM |
Ounces x 1000 | Koz | Quality Assurance/Quality Control | QA/QC |
Ounces per ton | oz/t | Diamond Drill Core
Diameter BQ=36.5 mm NQ=47.6 mm HQ=63.5 mm BTW=42.0 mm NTW=57.0 mm |
|
Parts per billion | ppb | ||
Parts per million | ppm | ||
Percent | % | ||
Pound(s) | lb(s) | ||
Square foot | ft2 |
||
Square inch | in2 | Conversions 1 g/t = 1ppm = 1000 ppb 1 ounce (troy) = 31.1034 grams |
|
Tonne | t | ||
Tonnes x 1000 | Ktonnes |
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2 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS (Item 3) |
2.1 Sources of Information |
During preparation of this report, Gustavson relied in good faith on information provided by B2Gold regarding property ownership, mineral tenure and royalties and agreements (Sections 3.2 through 3.4) . Gustavson has not independently verified the status of the property ownership or mineral tenure presented by B2Gold through the following report:
• | Scott, B. (2011). NI 43-101 Technical Report - Jabali Project, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua, May 12, 2011 (the “2011 Technical Report”); |
Information provided in the above report is used in Sections 4, 5 and 6 of this report.
As La Libertad is an operating property, Gustavson has relied on production reports and mine and plant productivity statistics to compare with published reports.
For the work completed by B2Gold, the Authors have relied on the expertise of the following individuals employed by B2Gold:
• | Kevin Pemberton, |
• | Brian Scott, |
• | Tyler McKinnon, |
• | Susan Meister, |
• | Mike Glover, |
• | Dale Craig. |
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
3 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION (ITEM 4) |
3.1 Property Description and Location |
La Libertad Mine is located approximately 110 kilometers due east of Managua, the capital city of Nicaragua and 32 kilometers northeast of Juigalpa. The property is situated near the town of La Libertad in La Libertad-Santo Domingo Region of the Department of Chontales in Central Nicaragua. The geographic coordinates of the project are approximately 12° 13’ N latitude, 85° 10’ W longitude. The datum survey point for the property group is pegged at 1,355,277.57 m north and 704,476.63 m east, UTM Zone 16. A map showing the general property location is presented in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3 1: Location of La Libertad Mine, Nicaragua
3.2 Mineral Titles |
3.2.1 Nature and Extent of Issuer’s Interest |
B2Gold, indirectly through their subsidiary, DESMINIC, holds a 100% interest in one exploitation concession covering 10,950 hectares, granted on September 6, 1994 for the term of 40 years pursuant to Ministerial Decree No. 032-RNMC/94. In addition, B2Gold holds three exploration concessions covering a total of 5,796 Ha. The exploitation and exploration concessions form one contiguous block. Figure 3-2 is a detailed map of the B2Gold mineral concessions.
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 3 2: B2Gold Mineral Concessions
DESMINIC is a recognized Nicaraguan company (RUC No. 120500-9040) that was publicly authorized by Public Notary of Nicaragua, Dr. Alejandro Carrion Abaunza on May 12, 2000 and Inscribed with # 962, pages 357/381, volume 32, Book Two of Corporations; and inscribed with No. 5170, page 273/274, volume 12 of the Book of Persons, both of the Public Registry of Masaya.
B2Gold is earning into 80% of the Cerro Quiroz claim that lies contiguous to and east of the La Libertad concession. This was obtained in 2010 from Condor Resources PLC (Condor), a company listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange, via a claim swap. Condor and B2Gold have agreed to incorporate two new companies in Nicaragua, La India Gold SA and Cerro Quiroz Gold S.A. and transfer the Cerro Quiroz, Espinito-San Pablo and La India concessions to the new companies. The principal terms of the transaction are:
1. | La India Gold SA will be 80% directly owned by Condor and 20% indirectly by B2Gold. |
2. | Cerro Quiroz Gold SA will be 80% indirectly owned by B2Gold and 20% directly by Condor. |
3. | B2Gold will cause the transfer of La India and Espinito-San Pablo concessions (both in La India District) to La India Gold SA and Condor the transfer of Cerro Quiroz Concession to Cerro Quiroz Gold SA. The transfer of the concessions was approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. |
4. | The 80% shareholder of each new company shall complete at their own cost, not less than 2,000 meters of drilling on the concession under their 80% ownership within 2 years of receiving all permits required to drill including land access rights. |
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Annual fee payments on the mineral concession escalate from US$0.25 per hectare to US$8.00 per hectare over the first 10 years, and are US$12.00 per hectare thereafter. The exploitation and exploration concessions form one contiguous block. Figure 3-3 shows mineral concessions and easements.
Table 3 1: Details of Mineral Tenement, La Libertad Mine, Nicaragua.
UTM Coordinates | ||||
Vertex | Northing | Easting | ||
Mineral Claim | La Libertad | 1 | 1,354,000 | 691,000 |
Mining Concession Title | 032-RN-MC/1994 | 2 | 1,354,000 | 695,000 |
Area (Hectares) | 10,950 | 3 | 1,356,000 | 695,000 |
Type | Exploitation | 4 | 1,356,000 | 699,000 |
5 | 1,367,000 | 699,000 | ||
6 | 1,357,000 | 705,000 | ||
7 | 1,359,000 | 705,000 | ||
8 | 1,359,000 | 713,000 | ||
9 | 1,354,000 | 713,000 | ||
10 | 1,354,000 | 705,000 | ||
11 | 1,351,000 | 705,000 | ||
12 | 1,351,000 | 695,000 | ||
13 | 1,349,000 | 695,000 | ||
14 | 1,349,000 | 691,000 | ||
Mineral Claim | Buenaventura | 1 | 1,349,000 | 691,000 |
Mining Concession Title | 200-RN-MC/2002 | 2 | 1,349,000 | 695,000 |
Area (Hectares) | 2,350 | 3 | 1,351,000 | 695,000 |
Type | Exploration | 4 | 1,351,000 | 698,000 |
5 | 1,350,000 | 698,000 | ||
6 | 1,350,000 | 700,000 | ||
7 | 1,347,000 | 700,000 | ||
8 | 1,347,000 | 693,000 | ||
9 | 1,693,000 | 348,000 | ||
10 | 1,348,000 | 692,000 | ||
11 | 1,348,500 | 692,000 | ||
12 | 1,348,500 | 691,000 | ||
Mineral Claim | Cuernos de Oro | 1 | 1,354,000 | 690,400 |
Mining Concession Title | 18-DM-101-2008 | 2 | 1,354,000 | 695,000 |
Area (Hectares) | 1,196 | 3 | 1,356,600 | 695,000 |
Type | Exploration | 4 | 1,356,600 | 690,400 |
Mineral Claim | Cerro Quiroz | 1 | 1,354,000 | 713,000 |
Mining Concession Title | 20-DM-207-2010 | 2 | 1,354,000 | 717,500 |
Area (Hectares) | 2,250 | 3 | 1,359,000 | 713,000 |
Type | Exploration | 4 | 1,356,000 | 717,500 |
Note: Coordinates are in UTM NAD 27 Zone 16
3.3 Royalties, Agreements and Encumbrances |
La Libertad is also subject to a royalty interest granted to Inversiones Mineras S.A. (“IMISA”), a holding company formed to represent unionized mine workers in Nicaragua, equal to 2.0% of the value of total production of gold and silver from the La Libertad exploitation concession. In Nicaragua, the government is entitled to an ad valorem tax over the substances extracted from a mineral concession. The amount of ad-valorem tax is 3% for minerals. Under Nicaraguan law, the ad valorem tax paid is considered a deductible expense for purposes of computing corporate income tax. However, when this law was enacted, it included a grandfathering rule which allowed concessions granted prior to this law to continue operating under its existing regime. Under the mining law applicable at the time, the amount paid as ad valorem tax is applied as a direct credit against corporate income tax. The total royalty payable on La Libertad production is 5.0% . In addition, under Nicaraguan law, small scale or artisanal miners have the right to exploit secondary veins up to a total surface area that may not exceed 1% of the total area granted under a concession. Artisanal mining activities continue on the concession.
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3.4 Environmental Liabilities and Permitting |
3.4.1 Environmental Liabilities |
Due to historic mining and processing, there is the possibility of historic mercury contamination. From 1900 to 1935, British companies processed mineralized rock using stamp mills and mercury amalgamation.
Prior to 1988, tailings from the later floatation/cyanidation processing were dumped directly into the Rio El Tigre. Construction of a tailings dam was completed in 1988, and the tailings were stored there on site.
3.4.2 Required Permits and Status |
To carry out exploration activities such as geophysics, geo-chemistry, trenching and drilling, permits are required in Nicaragua from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MARENA). Following the submission of a plan of work report and an Environmental Impact Study to MARENA, exploration work including diamond drilling, trenching, soil sampling and geological mapping was permitted under Administrative Resolution No. 08-2008, dated May 12, 2008 and issued to DESMINIC by MARENA. B2Gold is operating under that Permit issued on May 12th, 2008 with new exploration programs added to the existing permit as addendums.
The necessary permits are listed in Table 3-2.
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Table 3 2: Permits for the La Libertad Mine
Item | Permit | Date Granted | Status |
1 | Mojon Project | Jul-96 | Current |
2 | Mojon Extension (Esmeralda, Sta Elena, Sta Maria) | Jun-05 | Current |
3 | Technical Conversion (Mill, Tailings Dam, Spent Ore | Apr-08 | Current |
4 | Exploration and Mining (La Libertad, Sto Domingo) | May-08 | Current |
5 | Provision of Electricity to Orosi | Aug-08 | Current |
6 | Adendum I Exploration La Libertad-Dto Domingo | Nov-10 | Current |
7 | Adendum II Exploration La Libertad-Dto Domingo | Sep-11 | Current |
8 | Exploration San Antonio, El Gallo | Jun-12 | Current |
9 | Jabali Central | Oct-12 | Current |
10 | Exploration La Tranca | Dec-13 | Current |
11 | Exploration El Quiroz | Review | |
12 | Extension of Exploration San Antonio El Gallo | Dec-14 | Current |
13 | Deposition of Tailings in Crimea Pit | Jun-15 | Current |
14 | Modification of Technical Conversion (Tailings Dam raise | Dec-14 | Current |
15 | Conversion of Mojon Mining System | Jan-15 | Current |
16 | Modification of Technical Conversion (Tailings Dam raise 506 | Dec-15 | Current |
17 | Jabali Antenna | Pending | |
18 | Los Angeles | Pending | |
19 | Exploration Angeles Norte, Socorro, Esperanza) | Submitting |
The Jabali Antenna exploitation permit has been submitted and approval/receipt is expected in the first or second quarter of 2015. Other permits have been granted in a timely manner and Gustavson believes that there is minimal risk in the granting of this permit.
3.5 Other Significant Factors and Risks |
In addition to the required permits from the appropriate governmental agencies, DESMINIC holds four rights of way with the owners of the surface rights thereof, to permit the construction and operation of an elevated electrical transmission line. These rights of way are granted in perpetuity and the agreements are filed with the notary Raul Antonio Novoa Marenco in the city of Leon, Nicaragua between July 25 and 27, 2012.
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Figure 3 3: Mineral Concessions and Easements
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
4 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY (ITEM 5) |
4.1 Topography, Elevation and Vegetation |
The area is characterized by hilly terrain ranging in elevation from 400 meters to 835 meters above sea level. Cerro El Chamarro, located five kilometers northeast of the town of La Libertad, is the highest point on the concession at 835.2 meters above sea level. The Mine is situated in the western end of the exploitation concession, approximately four kilometers northwest of the town of La Libertad. The vein outcrops along the Cerro Mojón ridge. It is the highest point in the immediate area at approximately 630 meters above sea level. The surrounding topography is characterized by gently sloping terrain, reaching a low of approximately 500 meters above sea level.
Vegetative cover is primarily second growth shrubs, small trees, and grasses.
4.2 Climate and Length of Operating Season |
The most salient climatic characteristic of the region are pronounced wet and dry seasons. The wet season occurs in May through to November, with the highest precipitation occurring usually in June, July and August. Temperature variation in Nicaragua is mainly a function of altitude. Nationally, temperature varies between 21°C in the upper parts of the central mountain ranges to 29°C in the Pacific coastal regions. Statistical records indicate an annual average rate of evaporation of approximately 2,050 millimeters, higher than the average annual precipitation of approximately 1,876 millimeters. The highest monthly evaporation rates of approximately 235 millimeters coincide with the driest and hottest months (March and April).
4.3 Sufficiency of Surface Rights |
The surface rights in the Mojon, Los Angeles and San Juan area are held via fee ownership and are sufficient for the current project
In the Jabali area, surface land rights are presently owned by private parties and the mayorality of the town of Santo Domingo. The Company negotiated with the land owners to obtain surface access to conduct exploration carried out in the area in 2009 and 2010. The Company has purchased the surface rights over approximately 50% of the area of the current Jabali Inferred Mineral Resource and is currently negotiating the purchase of the remainder.
There is a person with no title currently occupying the remaining Jabali property although DESMINIC has obtained two court orders concerning the property. The first confirms the location with the office of the cadaster, and the second grants the right of forced sale to DESMINIC of the property. This grants adequate surface rights for operations of the entire life of mine plan.
4.4 Accessibility and Transportation to the Property |
Access to the La Libertad property is 201 kilometers by paved road from Managua to Juigalpa, the capital city of the Department of Chontales. From Juigalpa, a newly paved road (paver stones) leads northeast for 30 kilometers to the town of La Libertad. Access to the mine site is along a five kilometer, secondary unsurfaced road that originates at the entrance to the town of La Libertad. In total, the Mine is 236 kilometers from Managua.
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A private haul road has been constructed between the Jabali mining area and the plant site. Upgrades were also completed to the public road between the town of La Libertad and Santo Domingo. The Mine improved the public road including the installation of bridges and the Government surfaced the road with paving stones.
4.5 Infrastructure Availability and Sources |
4.5.1 Power |
Power for the Mine is purchased from the national grid. There are high voltage power lines that provide power to Santo Domingo. However, the power supply can be limited. Service to the mine is via a dedicated 138kVA line which is fed from a substation near Juigalpa. The existing transformer has a capacity of 20 MW, and current mine consumption is 7.5 MW.
4.5.2 Water |
An adequate water supply exists at the Mine for year round operation. Process water for the ADR comes predominantly from the tailings sub-drain (250 gpm) and from the sub-drain of the backfilled Crimea pit (waste dump #7), which is potable (300gpm). Supplemental process water is available from the Paslama River (up to 900 gpm).
4.5.3 Mining Personnel |
Most of the non-professional staff at the Mine come from the surrounding towns in the area. The town of La Libertad, some five kilometers by an unsurfaced secondary road, has a local population of just over 9,000. Several other small towns are located within close proximity of the Mine. The area has a long history of mining and ranching, and a local labor force skilled in small-scale mining is available. Many of the higher-skilled jobs, such as supervisory and professional designations, are filled by people from Managua as well as elsewhere in Central and South America. Most machinery and equipment required at the Mine is imported. The transportation network is well established.
4.5.4 Tailings Storage Areas |
A conventional tailings storage facility (TSF) is located near and just below the plant and office area. The TSF was constructed when the project shifted from a heap leach to a Carbon in Pulp (CIP) plant in 2008. Since that time the permit has been modified twice to raise the impoundment in 2014 and 2015. In addition, the deposition of tailings in the mined out Crimea pit was permitted. As of the effective date of the report, there is remaining operating capacity for 9.75 million tonnes or until June 2019, sufficient to complete the current life of mine plan.
4.5.5 Waste Disposal Areas |
There are two waste disposal areas. Waste Dump No 5 occupies about 0.57 Ha, and Waste Dump No 7 occupies about 1.28 Ha. The waste exhibits no potential for acid drainage. Additional details are presented in Section 19.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 4-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
4.5.6 Spent Ore Pad Areas |
There is an existing spent ore pad area which occupies approximately 0.41 Ha. When the project was converted from a heap leach to a CIP plant, the reprocessing of these ores was included to recover additional gold remaining after heap leaching. This material is considered as part of the current Mineral Reserve.
4.5.7 Processing Plant Sites |
The process plant site was constructed in the area previously occupied by cells 1 and 2 of the existing heap leach facility. The plant layout provided that the mill foundations could be placed directly on bedrock.
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B2Gold Corp. | 5-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
5 HISTORY (ITEM 6) |
Operations from 2001 to 2007 were mostly continuous, with some temporary shutdowns reported for maintenance purposes. Mine production has been largely from a series of pits along the main Mojón-Crimea structure. Significant production was also achieved from the Esmeralda structure located parallel to and immediately south of the Mojón pits. Mine production for 2001 to March 2007 totaled 6.7 million tonnes, at a grade of 1.66 g/t of gold, producing 207,000 ounces. During this time, the size of crushed material on the heap leach pad varied and resulted in low gold recoveries; as a result the spent leach material is being reprocessed through the current mill facility.
5.1 Prior Ownership |
During the past century, mining and ranching have been the main economic activities in the area, with mines in the La Libertad-Santo Domingo area developed by large companies, small local ventures, and individual miners. Individually, the local miners and prospectors are known as güiriseros, or small miners. In the past, both large and small mine operations typically employed stamp mills and arrastras (small artisanal mills) for processing ore, and mercury amalgamation techniques to recover the gold. In the mid-1950s, larger scale mining companies began to use more conventional milling, gravity separation techniques and cyanide to recover the gold from local deposits.
Underground mining operations in the Santo Domingo area first began in 1862 at the El Jabalí Mine and continued until the mid-1970s. Important mines developed during this period include: El Jabalí, which belonged to Companía Anónima de El Jabalí; Monte Carmelo, owned by Victoria Salinas; and La Tranca, owned by the Pellas and Company. No larger-scale mining operations have been in production in the Santo Domingo area for the last 20 years; however, small miner activity and “arrastra” (local artisanal milling) operations have continued.
Larger scale mining operations at La Libertad started in the middle of the last century at the San Juan and Babilonia areas. From 1900 to 1935, British companies extracted mineralized rock from the Santa Elena, Crimea, Santa María, San Juan, Tres Amigos, Zopilote, and Azul areas. Approximately 200,000 tonnes of ore, with an average grade of 15 g/t gold, was mined during this time. The ore was processed at a rate of 20 tpd to 40 tpd using a stamp mill. Gold was recovered by mercury amalgamation techniques.
From 1943 to 1945, the Neptune Mining Company conducted geological exploration in the Santa Elena and Santa María areas, however, no mining took place. From 1956 to 1979, an American company, Lemans Resource, mined the Santa Elena-Crimea deposit. The ore was processed in a mill at a rate of 40 stpd. Gold was recovered through flotation and cyanidation of the concentrate.
Prior to the Sandinista period, Nicaragua was an important contributor in the Central American gold market. In November 1979, the Sandinista government nullified all mining concessions issued by the previous administration and nationalized all mining companies operating in the country. As a result, average annual gold production for the period 1975 through 1979 dropped to an estimated 69,400 troy ounces.
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B2Gold Corp. | 5-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Throughout the 1980s, the Sandinista government sought assistance for the mining sector in both Western and Eastern Europe. The United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Sweden, and Bulgaria all provided institutional support to the Nicaraguan mining industry. However, due to low availability of capital most facilities had to make do with old and substandard equipment.
Large-scale mining operations at La Libertad were suspended in November 1979 until the mining industry was nationalized in 1981. In 1982, mining of the Santa Elena deposit resumed under INMINE (Instituto Nicaragüense de la Minería). From 1984 to 1989, a crushing and grinding facility was installed and the capacity of the mill increased from 40 stpd to 120 stpd, using the same flotation/cyanidation technology for gold recovery. Tailings were being dumped directly into the Río El Tigre until a tailings dam was constructed northeast of the mill in 1988.
Mining operations at Santa Elena were suspended in 1991 and the San Juan vein became the main source of ore.
In 1991, the Chamorro Administration began its efforts to privatize Nicaraguan mining enterprises as part of an overall plan for economic stabilization and structural reform. It was hoped that foreign investment would boost mining production and provide employment and stability in regions dependent on mining. The Chamorro Administration agreed to privatize 25 percent of the national mineral resources to the Nicaraguan mine workers. This resulted in the formation of Inversiones Mineras S.A. (IMISA), a profit-oriented company privately held by the Nicaraguan mine workers. Technical and administrative assistance for IMISA was contracted from former INMINE officials. The remaining interest in select facilities was put out to international tender.
La Libertad went out to tender in 1992. On April 11, 1994, a Presidential Decree was issued authorizing the privatization of La Libertad mining assets. Effective August 26, 1994, an agreement between Greenstone de Nicaragua S.A. (GRENICA), a wholly owned subsidiary of Greenstone Resources Canada Ltd., and IMISA resulted in the formation of a new company called Minera Nicaragüence S.A. (MINISA). The new company was formed with the purpose of developing a large-scale gold mining operation out of the La Libertad operation. At this time, small miners were active on site, processing their gold using stamp mills, grinding and mercury amalgamation.
MINISA was originally owned 75% (51,450 shares) by GRENICA and 25% (17,150 shares) by IMISA (68,600 total shares). IMISA vested in its 25% of MINISA by virtue of contributing the existing assets at La Libertad, including the exploitation and exploration concessions (which included a 3% royalty payable to the Nicaraguan government). These assets were conveyed to IMISA by the Nicaraguan government and the IMISA shares were pledged to the Nicaraguan government, until such time as IMISA paid $1,715,000 to the government. GRENICA became vested once it had contributed a total of $5.325 million to the project and issued 468,100 Greenstone Common Shares.
As a requirement of privatization, MINISA was required to complete a feasibility study for an operation producing greater than 50,000 ounces of gold per year. Compliance was met with the submittal of a feasibility study in October 1995. GRENICA was required to fund the feasibility as well as any cash losses from the existing operation. It was also required to fund a limited rehabilitation program of the existing operation. At December 31, 1995, GRENICA had met all vesting conditions for the 75% interest in MINISA. In September 1996, GRENICA acquired the remaining 25% minority interest from IMISA through the acquisition of all the shares of MINISA held by IMISA. The purchase price consisted of:
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B2Gold Corp. | 5-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
• | a cash payment of $13,125,000, directed by IMISA to be paid to shareholders; |
• | a cash payment of approximately $350,000 in satisfaction of existing obligations to IMISA in connection with GRENICA’s and IMISA’s shareholdings in MINISA; and |
• | a 2% net smelter royalty in favor of IMISA on future production from areas within the La Libertad mining area. |
Under MINISA, La Libertad mine site was rehabilitated and operations continued from mid-1994 until October 1996, when MINISA shut down the operation to prepare for the heap leach operation.
GRENICA, through MINISA, operated the mine from 1997 to mid-1999, as a heap leach operation, mining 3.1 million tonnes at a grade of 1.9 g/t gold and producing 103,000 ounces of gold.
By 1999, GRENICA was suffering financial difficulties, and all mining and exploration activities at La Libertad ceased in August of that year. Leslie Coe, an individual investor acquired MINISA by repaying GRENICA’s debt to vendors. The name of the new company was Desarollo Minero de Nicaragua S.A. (DESMINIC). In February 2001, Leslie Coe sold 50% of DESMINIC to RNC Resources Limited (RNC), a private international business incorporated in Belize in March 2001, and 40% to Auric Resources Corp. Leslie Coe retained a 10% interest in DESMINIC.
In early 2001, DESMINIC rehabilitated the heap leach operation at La Libertad, and resumed operations.
In July 2003, RNC acquired Auric Resources Corp.’s interest in DESMINIC and, in September 2003, Leslie Coe’s remaining 10% interest, thereby obtaining 100% ownership. RNC Gold Inc., a publicly traded Canadian company, became the owner of all the assets of RNC, including DESMINIC, in December 2003 as a result of a reverse take-over of Tango Mineral Resources Inc. by RNC and a name change of Tango Mineral Resources Inc. to RNC Gold Inc. In February 2006, Yamana Gold Inc. acquired DESMINIC along with all the other assets of RNC Gold Inc. as a result of a merger between the two companies.
Operations from 2001 to 2007 were mostly continuous, with some temporary shutdowns reported as being for maintenance purposes. Mine production has been largely from a series of pits along the main Mojón-Crimea structure. Significant production was also achieved from the Esmeralda structure located parallel to and immediately south of the Mojón pits. Mine production for 2001 to March, 2007 totaled 6.7 million tonnes, at a grade of 1.66 g/t gold, producing 207,000 ounces of gold. During this time, the size of crushed material on the heap leach pad varied and resulted in low gold recoveries; as a result the spent leach material is being reprocessed through the current mill facility.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 5-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
On July 6, 2006, Glencairn Gold Corporation (Glencairn) purchased a 100% interest in La Libertad from Yamana Gold Inc., along with a 60% interest in the Cerro Quema Gold Project in Panama. The total consideration for the above two acquisitions was 32 million Glencairn common shares.
AMEC conducted testwork and studied potential for conversion of the heap leach process to conventional milling for Glencairn, completing a scoping study in May 2007. Results were positive, and open pit mining was halted in March 2007 in order to proceed with the process upgrade. Glencairn commissioned a feasibility study, and investigated sources of mill equipment.
Glencairn underwent a name change to Central Sun Mining Inc. (Central Sun) on November 29, 2007. Along with the corporate name change, the La Libertad operation was renamed the Orosi Mine.
Ownership of DESMINIC, B2Gold’s subsidiary that holds the mineral title, passed through several companies as a result of mergers and acquisitions, until July 6, 2006, when Central Sun purchased a 100% interest in La Libertad Mine. B2Gold acquired Central Sun on March 26, 2009 and completed the construction of the mill in the fourth quarter of 2009 and commenced ore processing at La Libertad Mine on December 15, 2009.
5.2 Historical Production |
Summarizing from above, gold production in the La Libertad area, prior to B2Gold’s involvement is summarized below:
Table 5 1 Historical Production at La Libertad
Period | Tonnes | Au Grade | Produced Ounces |
1900 to 1935 | 200,000 | 15.0 | |
1975 to 1979 | Ann. average of 69,400 oz | ||
1997 to mid 1999 | 3,100,000 | 1.9 | 103,000 |
2001 to 2007 | 6,700,000 | 1.66 | 207,000 |
Table 5 2 B2Gold La Libertad Processing Production History
Year Ending |
Ore Processed (M tonnes) |
Mill Head Grade (gpt) |
Au Ounces Produced (troy ounces) |
2010 | 1.499 | 1.61 | 62,109 |
2011 | 1.992 | 1.72 | 99,567 |
2012 | 2.041 | 1.80 | 108,935 |
2013 | 2.015 | 2.29 | 138,726 |
2014 | 2.190 | 2.26 | 149,763 |
Total | 9.737 | 1.96 | 559,100 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 5-5 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Source: Reported figures from B2Gold press releases
Figure 5-1 shows the production growth during B2Gold’s operation of the mine. The increase in produced ounces of gold is augmented by both grade increases and improvements in metallurgical recovery.
Figure 5-1 La Libertad Production History
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
6 GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION (ITEM 7) |
6.1 Regional, Local and Property Geology |
Nicaragua is divided into five provinces that reflect the country’s geological make-up: the Coastal Plains of the Pacific, the Nicaraguan Depression or Graben, the Central Interior Province, the Northern Province and the Plains of the Atlantic Coast (Figure 6-1).
The Libertad gold district covers an area of approximately 150 km2 within the Central Province. The deposits lie within a broad belt of Tertiary volcanic rocks that have been differentiated into two major units called the Matagalpa and the Coyol Groups (McBirney and Williams, 1965; Pearsons, 1972). The Oligocene to Miocene age Matagalpa Group consists of intermediate to felsic pyroclastic rocks. Unconformably overlying the Matagalpa Group are Miocene-aged mafic to intermediate lavas of the Lower Coyol unit. The rocks of the Lower Coyol unit host the gold-bearing quartz veins in the Libertad gold district. Pliocene-age mafic lavas and ignimbrites, belonging to the 400 m to 600 m thick Upper Coyol unit, form mesa-like erosional remnants in the region (Darce, 1990). Several small felsic to mafic intrusive bodies of similar Tertiary age are distributed along northeast-southwest structural trends (Figure 6-2).
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 6-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6 2: La Libertad area geology
6.1.1 Mojon |
The Mojon trend forms a braided stockwork system trending 063° and dipping sub-vertically 75-90° to the SSE. Stockwork/vein zones average 22m wide, with a range from 5-40m. Numerous hanging wall splays are present that are generally narrower and less continuous than the main zone. They are oriented 075°, and have vertical to slightly NNW dips. Au grades in the stockwork zones are generally 0.1 -0.5 g/t Au with occasional spikey values.
Massive veins/vein breccias within the stockwork envelopes have an average true width of about 9m with a range of 1 -20m. Higher gold grades are associated with vuggy, drusy and banded quartz veins. Pyrite (and its oxidized products) is closely related to gold mineralization but is present in small volumes, generally less than 1%.
Host rocks are moderately altered immediately adjacent to the stockwork and veining zones. Alteration types are typically silica and argillic with minor amounts of propylitic.
Surface saprolite alteration is developed to a depth of approximately 15-20m. See Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4 for examples of general geology at surface and in section.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 6-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-3: Plan map of 2011 Mojon drillhole location and surface geology
Note: Light blue is stockwork, red is quartz vein/breccia). The shaded grey area is the 1350 Whittle outline. Green drillholes have been added since the previous estimate.
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-4: Mojon Vertical Cross Section (looking NE) –
Displaying mineralization wireframes
and drill hole grades
Note: Stockwork in light blue, vein in red.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 6-5 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
6.1.2 | Jabali Area |
The Jabali low sulfidation epithermal quartz adularia vein system is hosted in a thick sequence of andesitic flows believed to be part of the Lower Coyol Group. The group consists of individual, feldspar porphyritic andesitic flows ranging in thickness from two meters to five meters to much larger flows 22m to 50m in thickness. Lapilli-tuff and occasionally ash tuff beds of variable thickness separate the flows.
The east-west trending Jabali vein system has been traced on surface over a distance of more than six kilometers. To date, ongoing diamond drilling has tested more than 3,950 meters of the Jabali vein system. The vein system dips to the north, varying from 60° to 80° north.
The andesite flows host the epithermal quartz veins, quartz stockworks, quartz breccia and massive to banded quartz veins along the east-west trending mineralized structure.
Alteration associated with the deposits is typical of a low sulfidation epithermal quartz adularia vein system. Fracture-controlled quartz veining and silicification is surrounded by argillic and propylitic alteration zones within the andesite host rock.
Quartz veins consist of milky white to light grey quartz with minor amounts of adularia. Epithermal textures comprise crustiform and colloform banding, vuggy and drusy quartz, cockscomb, and bladed silica pseudomorphs after low temperature calcite.
Manganese oxides are ubiquitous and observed to be very strong throughout the vuggy textured quartz, as linings and coatings on open spaces. Goethite, limonite, and jarosite are invariably present as coatings and linings to open spaces and fractures.
Silicification is often intense within the vein zones. Partial silica replacement and rimming of breccia clasts is widespread throughout the veins and can extend into both the hanging wall and footwall.
6.2 Significant Mineralized Zones |
6.2.1 Mojon |
See above.
6.2.2 San Juan |
In brief, the San Juan zone is a low sulfidation epithermal vein and stockwork system hosted by sub-horizontal andesitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks.
The San Juan trend forms a vein and stockwork system trending 140° and dipping sub-vertically 80-90° to the NNW. Stockwork zones average 12m wide, with a range from 10-20m. Au grades in the stockwork zones are generally 0.1 -0.5 g/t Au with occasional spikey values.
Massive veins/vein breccias within the stockwork envelopes have an average true width of about 3m with a range of 1 -11 m. Higher gold grades are associated with vuggy, drusy and banded quartz veins.
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-6 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Host rocks are moderately altered immediately adjacent to the stockwork and veining zones. Alteration types are typically silica and argillic with minor amounts of propylitic.
Surface saprolite alteration is developed to a depth of approximately 15-20m.
Figure 6-5 and Figure 6-6 present examples of general geology at surface and in section.
Figure 6-5: Plan map of typical mineralized geology on 500 m level
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-7 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-6: Sample section looking northwest showing typical geology at San Juan
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-8 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
6.2.3 Los Angeles |
The Los Angeles vein is a low-sulfidation epithermal breccia and stockwork system.
The mineralized structure strikes 240° and dips steeply to the north at approximately 75-85°. The ore grade portion is confirmed over at least 400m and is open along strike. The zones are also open down dip. The deepest current intersection is well mineralized at 120m vertical from surface. The stockwork zone varies from 3-12m thick, while the higher-grade breccias, are 1.5 -3.5m thick.
The best gold grades are associated with hydrothermal breccia, quartz breccia and wall rock breccia with >25% veins and veinlets and banded texture with fine black sulfides.
The volcanic host rocks are moderately altered immediately adjacent to the stockwork and veining zones. In these areas, silicic and argillic alteration is present.
Surface saprolite alteration is developed to a depth of approximately 25m from surface.
The Los Angeles vein was previously mined and although the highest grade portions of the vein are likely gone, significant remnants in the hangingwall and footwall still contain mineralization. Drilling and long sections of historic mining confirm that there is no previous mining greater than 40-50m from surface.
See Figure 6-7 and Figure 6-8 for examples of surface geology and sample sections.
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-9 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-7: Level plan of Los Angeles Geology
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-10 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-8: Vertical Cross section of Los Angeles geology looking northeast
6.2.4 Jabali Central and Jabali Antenna Zones |
The Jabali vein system as presently known is geologically similar to other known veins within the La Libertad Concession. Gold mineralization at Jabali is hosted in the east-west, northerly dipping quartz vein, quartz breccia and quartz stockwork system. The 6.2 kilometer long vein system has been divided into two zones: Jabali Antenna to the west of the Rio Sucio and Jabali Central to the east. Preliminary multi-element geochemical data in conjunction with drill core logging suggests gold values are associated with the presence of gold-silver sulphosalt mineralization and locally with zinc and possibly lead sulfides. The vein structure is commonly oxidized up to 60 meters below surface. Gold values within this oxidized portion of the vein are commonly associated with increased limonite, jarosite and manganese oxides within vuggy textured quartz breccia veins.
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-11 |
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Sulfides are rare near surface due to moderate to strong oxidation within the structure. Jabali Antenna has been drill tested over a strike length of 1,300 meters. The vein system in the current resource ranges in width from 5 to 29 meters, dips 60° to 70° to the north and has vertical extent that ranges from 150 to 250 meters.
Jabali Central has been drill tested over a strike length of 2,650 meters. The vein system in the current resource ranges in width from 5 to 13 meters, dips 80° to the north and has a vertical extent of 50 to 150 meters as presently drilled. Figures 6-9 and 6-10 depict a plan map of the drilling and geology at Jabali Central and a geologic cross section, respectively. Drill holes depicted in these figures are not representative of all drilling in the area.
Figure 6-9: Surface geology of the Jabali Central zone
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-12 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-10: Cross section of Jabali Central (looking East)
Mineralization wireframes and drill
hole assays
The geology and mineralization in the Jabali Antenna Zone is similar to the Jabali Central Zone described above. Figures 6-11 and 6-12 show a drill hole plan and a typical geology/grade cross section, respectively.
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B2Gold Corp. | 6-13 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 6-11: Plan map of Jabali Antenna Zone drilling
Figure 6-12: Cross section of Jabali Antenna Zone (looking East) Mineralization wireframes and drill hole assays
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 7-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
7 DEPOSIT TYPES (ITEM 8) |
The La Libertad vein system (including Mojon, Jabali, Jabali Antenna, San Juan and Los Angeles) is classified as a low-sulfidation epithermal quartz adularia vein system. The salient geological characteristics that are typical of this classification are:
• | Back arc tectonic setting; |
• | Lack of an associated intrusive source; |
• | Banded fissure veins – structural control; |
• | Crustiform and colloform banding, vuggy and drusy quartz, cockscomb texture and bladed silica pseudomorphs after low temperature calcite; and |
• | Adularia noted within the veins and breccias. |
B2Gold has used the above in their exploration of the La Libertad vein system.
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B2Gold Corp. | 8-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
8 EXPLORATION (ITEM 9) |
8.1 Relevant Exploration Work |
Exploration by B2Gold in the La Libertad area has been conducted continuously since 2009. In 2009, B2Gold began a mapping and sampling program of the La Libertad concession on a number of low sulfidation epithermal veins along the 20 kilometer epithermal gold vein district. Exploration work includes soil and stream sediment surveys, geophysical surveys, geological mapping and sampling; and trenching over the prospective structures.
In addition, there has been an ongoing program of drilling, which will be discussed in Section 9.
8.2 Airborne Geophysics |
In 2012, Firefly Geophysics performed a high resolution aeromagnetic and radiometric Survey over the La Libertad and Santo Domingo gold district. This survey extends from west of Mojon to east of Jabali. The survey collected approximately 1,520 line kilometers of aeromagnetic and radiometric data at 200 m line spacing. The data are available as a series of contour maps of magnetic (TMI, RTP) and radiometric (TC, K, Th, U) data. B2Gold reprocessed and interpreted the results for targeting purposes. Two classes of lineaments were taken into account: 1) regional, or property scale features, which were readily observed as significant magnetic lows at map scale, and 2) local scale features, which were identified by closer examination of the map by prospect area.
8.3 Mapping |
The district covers an area of 145.5 km2 where low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposits are hosted within a broad belt of Tertiary volcanic rocks that have been differentiated into two major units called the Matagalpa and the Coyol Groups. Since the rocks of the Lower Coyol unit host the gold-bearing quartz veins in the La Libertad and Santo Domingo gold district, an intensive mapping survey started from the time when B2Gold acquired the property. A first phase was completed at a larger mapping scale (1:10000) that identified the general distribution of the main lithological packages and the regional extensive fault systems. Some of these faults appear to be pre-mineral structures occupied by quartz structures, commonly related to northeast and east-west trending ridges and host a number of targets including: Mojon, Crimea, Santa Maria, Los Angeles and Jabali, among others. The second phase of surface mapping (local scale, 1:2000) focused on a more detailed capture of lithologies and alteration aureoles around individual gold bearing vein structures.
8.4 Geochemical Surveys |
8,772 soil samples have been collected covering 6,500 Ha, which represent 45% of the three exploration licenses that comprise the La Libertad and Santo Domingo gold district. 6,016 of these soils were completed during the last two years, after an orientation survey indicated that the more suitable horizon to sample was the lower part of the B soil horizon. These samples were collected at 50 meter intervals on a line spacing of 200 meters, with 100 meter infill lines and 25 meter intervals closer to known or expected mineralization. Samples were collected at depths of 2 to 50 cm, depending on the depth of the soil-laterite contact. Recent soil surveys cover most of the central and western part of the district, representing 40% of the mineral licenses.
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B2Gold Corp. | 8-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Analysis was completed on 30 gram samples, prepared and analyzed at ACME Labs in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada by an ICP-MS instrument, providing results for 37 elements.
The results from the soil survey indicated the presence of more than 30 gold bearing structures in the covered area, with a cluster of higher grade structures concentrated in the central part of La Libertad District, north of La Libertad town, and around the San Juan and Los Angeles structures. These are known for their gold productivity by previous industrial mining and current artisanal mining. Pathfinders such as lead and antimony have similar behavior as gold and silver; while molybdenum and bismuth show major anomalies related with strongly altered rocks and minor veining in the Volcan and Gobierno areas.
Widespread soil anomalies were observed on several areas, and rock soil sampling was completed to vector into these anomalies, looking to delineate the mineralized structures. 3,603 rock soil samples have been collected since 2013 using an auger to reach depths from 0.5 to 7.5 meters, sampling the saprolitic horizon of the regolith. These samples were collected at 5 to 10 meter intervals on a line spacing of 100 to 200 meters, over the more significant soil anomalies, covering 6% of the three concessions.
Rock soil samples were prepared as rock samples at the La Libertad preparation laboratory and then were sent to ACME Laboratory in Vancouver to be analyzed by fire assay-AAS to obtain gold and silver values; as well as ICP-MS for a 37 elements suite, using 30 grams samples on each analysis.
Results from this survey identified the presence of at least 15 gold bearing low sulfidation structures with variable widths and lengths, including anomalies up to 150 meters wide and 700 meters long with gold grades up to 47 gpt Au and 24 gpt Ag on the entire property. These are concentrated around the Los Angeles-San Juan and Chamarro targets.
Stream sediment surveys have been conducted on the outer parts of the district, in the northwestern and southern concessions, covering 2,175 Ha representing 15% of the area in the three concessions. The purpose of the stream sediment surveys was to cover the distal parts of the La Libertad concession with an initial geochemical survey to identify the presence or absence of anomalies. An orientation survey was conducted over creeks washing known mineralization, identifying that the more suitable sampling method was the collection of active stream sediments in first to second order streams, sieving them on the creek with a 150 mesh (106µm) screen, and then sending the concentrated sediments to ACME Labs to be dried and homogenized. Thirty gram samples were selected for an ultra-trace gold fire assay-MS and the 37 elements ICP-MS suite.
8.5 Surface Sampling |
During the last four years 2,816 surface rock samples were collected as part of the recognition and detailed mapping programs completed on the La Libertad property. Of these 2,816 samples, 54% are grab samples collected from float, boulders and artisanal miners’ accumulation piles, reporting results up to 269 gpt Au and 1,444 gpt Ag in the eastern extension of Jabali. Approximately 26% of the rock samples were collected in continuous channel samples, done by hammer and chisel and locally with manual rock saw. These samples reported results of 0.9 meters at 179 gpt Au in Jabali Central, and 0.4 meters at 36.6 gpt Au inside active artisanal workings in the Mestiza target.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 8-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Trenching programs have been completed over more than 25 structures with encouraging results from geochemical and geophysical surveys and surface rock sampling and mapping. To date, 6,140 rock samples have been collected along 7,700 linear meters of trenching and continuous channel sampling over outcropping structures, historic and active cuts and pits, and hand and excavator dug trenches completed by B2Gold. Most samples were collected in weathered rocks, except on the natural outcrops where fresh rock is common. Location and extension of trench programs depend on the results of geochemical surveys, geological mapping and environmental permitting. This is an ongoing program in the district, with several interesting targets awaiting trenching.
Trench samples are collected as surface rock samples, but their location is surveyed with total station or high precision Trimble GPS. They are mapped at 1:50 scale and finally closed and reclaimed. Best efforts to reach saprolite or deeper layers are made, while maintaining the safety procedures.
Both surface and trench samples are prepared at La Libertad preparation laboratory and then sent to ACME Labs in Vancouver to be analyzed by fire assay-AAS to obtain gold and silver grades. Commonly, ICP-MS analysis is also performed to obtain data from the 37 elements suite.
More than 10 targets have been identified as interesting areas on which to complete further drilling, based on trenching and surface data. These structures have variable lengths and widths, from 500 to 1,500 meters in length and 2 to 10 meters average width. Gold grades are variable, with 1 to 6 gpt Au average, including samples grading up to 194 gpt Au over a 1.3 meter wide quartz stockwork in Jabali Antenna and 47 gpt Au in a 0.5 meter wide quartz breccia in Los Angeles. Five of the best identified targets (besides Jabali) have already been drilled and one of them, Los Angeles, has a Mineral Resource estimated on it.
8.6 Topographic Surveys |
Prior to the acquisition of the Mine by B2Gold, a topographic surface was generated in 2008 by PhotoSat of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Satellite imagery was collected over the La Libertad and Santo Domingo gold district in April and May 2008. Ortho-corrected air photos and topographic maps with one meter contour intervals were generated by PhotoSat. The topography survey covers approximately 133.5 km2. The remaining 12 km2 were completed by PhotoSat during 2013, using the same parameters of the 2008 survey.
The topographic surface file has been updated by the B2Gold surveyors on a regular basis. Qualified surveyors, using modern electronic survey equipment collect new topographic data in the active open pits and update the topographic surface.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 8-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
8.7 Exploration Sample Quality |
Gustavson briefly reviewed the results of the exploration programs and activities described above. The reviews indicate that the sampling and data collection programs have been performed to industry standards and that B2Gold has used the results effectively and successfully to identify and explore new and previously known mineralized zones in the La Libertad area. This track record provides strong evidence that the samples and data were representative and that no sample bias was noted.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
9 DRILLING (ITEM 10)
9.1 La Libertad Drill Programs
B2Gold commenced drilling on the La Libertad mine property in February, 2010. Data from both reverse circulation (RC) and diamond drilling were the principal source of geological and grade information. The RC drilling was completed between 1995 and 1998. Core diamond drilling was conducted before, during and after those years, but the most important campaigns started with B2Gold.
Previous drilling programs include:
Pre-MINISA drill programs.
MINISA’s 1995 RC drilling program.
MINISA’s 1996-1998 RC drilling program.
MINISA’s 1997-1998 diamond drilling program.
Central Sun’s 2006-2008 diamond drilling program.
B2Gold’s 2010-2014 diamond drilling program.
A drill hole summary table is included as Table 9-1, as per Dec 31, 2014.
During the 1980s, over 20,000m of core were recovered in approximately 220 holes (Lehmann & Associates in 1982 and Swedish Geological Group in 1984-90). The geologic data gathered by these groups were useful in identifying targets during the early stages of MINISA's exploration.
MINISA commenced an RC drilling program in January 1995 followed by the 1996-98 drill programs that were focussed on the expansion of the original Mojon-Crimea trend and also served to add the Esmeralda-Santa Maria trend to the list of economic deposits in the area. Several other targets were tested during those years. The RC drilling programs completed during this period of time amount to 710 holes and 125,337.49 metres.
In 1997 and 1998, MINISA drilled 22 core holes in the area with the objective of providing additional information about the geology, metallurgy and specific gravity of the mineralized domains of Mojon deposit. The core holes also assisted the geologists in their interpretation of the RC drill chips. 9 drill holes were completed in other exploration prospects.
From 2006 to 2008, Central Sun drilled 105 core holes over the Mojon-Crimea and Esmeralda-Santa Maria trends. 11,238m of core were the result of this diamond drilling program. Added to the previous program, 41 drill holes were completed on different exploration targets.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
B2Gold commenced drilling on the Libertad mine property on February 19, 2010. Total diamond drilling completed since, amounted to 715 drill holes for 104,281.16 metres. Exploration of the La Libertad gold belt and infill drilling of Inferred Resources on known vein systems on the property were the objectives of the campaigns completed.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 9-1 Drill hole summary, Dec 31, 2014
Drill hole Summary Table Summary | |||||||
Sector | Target | RC Holes | Length of RC (m) | Core Holes | Length of DDH (m) | All Holes | Total Length (m) |
BABILONI | Babilonia | 28 | 5,120.9 | 6 | 657.4 | 34 | 5,778.3 |
BARQUERO | Barquero | 5 | 476.0 | 5 | 476.0 | ||
C_DE_ORO | Cuernos de oro | 10 | 1,112.9 | 10 | 1,112.9 | ||
CALVARIO | El calvario | 8 | 669.2 | 8 | 669.2 | ||
CARMEN | El Carmen | 10 | 1,441.7 | 11 | 1,355.1 | 21 | 2,796.8 |
CHAMARO | Chamarro | 12 | 1,456.1 | 12 | 1,456.1 | ||
CRIMEA | Crimea | 66 | 12,958.8 | 59 | 6,301.7 | 125 | 19,260.5 |
CRIMEA_N | Crimea_N | 4 | 709.0 | 4 | 709.0 | ||
ESCANDAL | Escandalo | 12 | 1,496.2 | 18 | 2,223.5 | 30 | 3,719.7 |
ESMERALD | Esmeralda | 79 | 13,011.8 | 17 | 1,184.7 | 96 | 14,196.6 |
GALLO | El Gallo | 13 | 1,696.0 | 1 | 125.0 | 14 | 1,821.0 |
JABANT | Jabalí Antena | 188 | 30,055.2 | 188 | 30,055.2 | ||
JABCEN | Jabali Central | 218 | 28,535.0 | 218 | 28,535.0 | ||
JABEAST | Jabalí East | 9 | 1,716.6 | 9 | 1,716.6 | ||
JABMOMO | Jabali Momotombo | 3 | 502.9 | 3 | 502.9 | ||
JABSUR | Jabali Sur | 2 | 155.0 | 2 | 155.0 | ||
JABWEST | Jabali Oeste | 8 | 1,836.4 | 8 | 1,836.4 | ||
LANGELES | Los Angeles | 20 | 2,064.8 | 20 | 2,064.8 | ||
MAR_CRIM | Santa Maria-Crimea | 10 | 2,214.4 | 7 | 412.2 | 17 | 2,626.6 |
MESTIZA | La Mestiza | 5 | 566.6 | 5 | 566.6 | ||
MOJON | Cerro Mojón | 263 | 46,708.8 | 144 | 25,375.6 | 407 | 72,084.3 |
SANJUAN | San Juan | 5 | 484.6 | 98 | 13,946.8 | 103 | 14,431.4 |
SANTONIO | San Antonio | 19 | 3,106.6 | 7 | 669.8 | 26 | 3,776.4 |
SELENA | Santa Elena | 19 | 3,039.0 | 24 | 5,459.7 | 43 | 8,498.7 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Drill hole Summary Table Summary | |||||||
Sector | Target | RC Holes | Length of RC (m) | Core Holes | Length of DDH (m) | All Holes | Total Length (m) |
SFRANCISCO | San Francisco | 1 | 263.0 | 1 | 263.0 | ||
SMARIA | Santa Maria | 47 | 7,343.2 | 65 | 7,773.6 | 112 | 15,116.8 |
VIC_SUR | Victoria Sur | 6 | 1,786.5 | 4 | 442.8 | 10 | 2,229.3 |
VICMARIA | Victoria Santa María | 7 | 1,199.9 | 10 | 2,112.2 | 17 | 3,312.1 |
VICTORIA | Victoria | 33 | 5,861.4 | 33 | 5,861.4 | ||
VOLCAN | El Volcan | 5 | 731.6 | 5 | 731.6 | ||
ZOPILOTE | El Zopilote | 81 | 16,411.6 | 9 | 1,403.2 | 90 | 17,814.8 |
TOTALS | 710 | 125,337.6 | 966 | 138,837.4 | 1676 | 264,175.0 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-5 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
9.1.1 Drill Orientations
The drill holes were drilled depending upon the orientation of the mineralization. For the majority of areas (Mojon-Crimea, Esmeralda-Santa Maria, Chamarro, El Gallo, San Antonio) the RC holes were generally oriented at 330º, with the exception of a few holes drilled at 150º. For prospects at San Juan the azimuth was fixed to obtain a better orientation (315°). Most holes were drilled at an inclination of -45° from the horizontal. These drill orientations were used by the following diamond drilling programs completed in these areas.
East-west quartz structures dipping north are dominant throughout the east portion of the project area, where the Jabali system is located. Drilling is normally oriented perpendicular to its strike, being 180° for most cases with a predominant hole inclination of -45°.
9.1.2 Drill Contractors
Drilling on the project has been using a variety of different contractors. RC drilling was conducted by Rodio Swissboring and St Lambert Drilling. Central Sun contracted a Nicaraguan company called Uniworks to complete the diamond drilling from 2006 and 2007. Kluane Drilling Ltd of Canada was used during the 2008 campaign. Exploration and definition diamond drilling has been continuous since 2010, using principally man portable diamond drill rigs supplied by three different companies: Energold Drilling Corp. of Canada, Kluane Drilling Ltd. of Guatemala and Rodio Swissboring Nicaragua S.A. Rodio Swissboring has used also Christensen CS-1000 and CS-14 track mounted rigs. The depth capabilities of the equipment used are in excess of 400 m.
The vast majority of core diameters used have been HQ-size (63.5mm), NQ-size (47.6mm) and/or NTW-size (57.0mm) . In isolated cases, BTW-size (42.0mm) was used.
9.1.3 Core Transport
The core is place in wooden core boxes marked with the drill hole ID. Individual drill runs are identified with small wooden blocks, where the depth and recoveries measured on site are recorded. Core is never left unattended at the rig and the boxes are transported to the core logging facility under a geologist’s or technician’s supervision in the back of a truck after the boxes are closed with a wooden cover. The core box numbers and drill core recoveries were double checked at the core shack by the supervising geologist
9.1.4 Geological Logging
All the drill chips from the RC holes had been screened and washed prior to logging by the geological personnel; they used paper logging forms to register the data.
From 2006 to 2008, Central Sun geologists used Gems Data Logger software to record the data during logging of the drill core.
Upon arrival of B2Gold, the following procedures were placed for core handling and logging:
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-6 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
9.1.5 Geotechnical Logging
Geotechnical logging using pre-established codes and logging forms started in 2008, which includes: length of core run, recoveries, rock quality designation (RQD) and maximum length. RQD measurements are recorded by a geologic technician under the supervision of the drill geologist. The geologic technician also recorded the number of geologic fractures, condition of joints, rock hardness according to the geotechnical logging manual from Vector Peru.
Core recovery data indicates that overall recoveries varied between 67% and 74% in saprolite material and 95% to 98% in fresh consolidated rock.
Table 9-2 Summary of Average Recoveries
Year Drilled | Depth Interval | Measurements | Avg. Recovery |
2008 | 0-25 | 534 | 67.80% |
2008 | 25-500 | 1709 | 95.40% |
2010 | 0-25 | 1739 | 67.40% |
2010 | 25-500 | 8649 | 94.60% |
2011 | 0-25 | 5050 | 69.60% |
2011 | 25-500 | 19600 | 95.90% |
2012 | 0-25 | 2364 | 72.60% |
2012 | 25-500 | 9370 | 96.30% |
2013 | 0-25 | 557 | 73.50% |
2013 | 25-500 | 4343 | 98.10% |
2014 | 0-25 | 863 | 84.40% |
2014 | 25-500 | 4648 | 96.90% |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 9-7 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
9.1.6 Collar Surveys
Drill hole collar locations were located using a high precision GPS unit and/or a Total Station. Two surveys were performed; the first to locate the proposed hole position and the second one after or during the completion of the hole to get a final hole survey location. Upon completion of a drill hole, its location is marked with a cement block inscribed with the hole number, depth and date, following the commands of the local government.
9.1.7 Downhole Surveys
RC drill holes were typically not downhole surveyed. Previous to the arrival of B2Gold, down hole information for diamond drill holes was captured using Tropari instruments, with readings performed on the middle and the bottom of the drill holes.
When B2Gold started drilling in 2010, down-hole surveys procedures changed and readings are collected every 25 or 50 metres down hole by the drill contractor using a Reflex Maxibor II optical borehole survey system. All data is checked and validated before finalizing the database.
9.1.8 Core Storage
All core is stored in a secure location inside the facilities of the La Libertad Mine. Core is stacked on pallets indoors. When necessary, each pallet is covered with a canvas tarpaulin.
9.1.9 Conclusions on Drilling, Sampling and Recovery
Gustavson’s review of the B2Gold drilling programs at La Libertad concludes that there are no drilling, sampling or recovery factors that could materially impact the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 10-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
10 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY (ITEM 11)
All samples collected, including soil samples, rock samples and drill core samples were transported to the Mine laboratory for sample preparation and then air freighted to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada for gold analysis at Acme/Bureau Veritas Laboratory, an (ISO)9001 accredited and (ISO)17025 accredited international provider of analytical services to mining and exploration companies.
Check assays are performed every three months using a secondary lab, previously Skyline Labs in Tucson, currently ALS Vancouver (since 2013). Eight percent of the database is selected for outside lab check analysis with samples selected that represent the total grade distribution.
Periodically, samples were assayed at the Mine lab when quick results were needed to help guide exploration. These results are stored within the database but not used for the grade estimation exercise.
After review of the sample preparation, analyses and security, Gustavson concludes that B2Gold has employed appropriate and adequate procedures in all phases of sample preparation, analyses and security at La Libertad.
10.1 Methods
10.1.1 Sample Preparation
Samples were transported from the drill site to the Mine laboratory, which is not independent of B2Gold, where they were crushed and pulverized by DESMINIC mine employees at the Mine prior to shipping to Bureau Veritas in Vancouver. The samples were dried at 105º C to remove excess moisture (10 hours for core samples and 24 hours for rock samples). The entire dried core samples were crushed using a TM Terminator Crushing system to 75% to 85% passing 10 mesh (2mm) specifications.
A 600-800 gram split of the 10 mesh crusher material was pulverized using LM-2 pulverizers. The samples were pulverized to produce a product that had 90% of the sample passing 200-mesh screen (0.074 mm) specifications. Samples weighing 120 grams were split off the pulverized sample and placed into sealed plastic bags, which in turn were put inside small paper bags, each one marked with the sample number using a permanent marker. The top of the paper bags was folded and stapled. The sample batch including certified standards, blanks and duplicates were packed inside a cardboard box sealed with transparent tape and marked on the outside with the sample sequence. Those boxes were sent to Bureau Veritas Vancouver, Canada for gold and silver analysis.
An additional 120 gram duplicate pulp was collected during the initial splitting of the pulverized samples and stored in sealed boxes by drill hole number. These extra pulps are periodically sent to a second outside laboratory as a check analysis or referee sample.
B2Gold upgraded the exploration preparation facility at the mine lab with TM Terminator crushing systems and LM-2 pulverizers in 2010. A series of screen analysis are done daily on the crusher and pulverized products to ensure proper size fractions are being produced. Gustavson considers that the sample chain of custody, preparation procedures and sample security meet industry standards.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 10-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
10.1.2 Sample Analyses
The drill core samples were analyzed for gold using ALS code Au-AA26 up until July 2010, ALS code Au-AA26 through 2012 and Bureau Veritas code FA430 since January 2013. All are fire assay and atomic absorption procedures using 50 gram sample weights (AA25) and 30 gram sample weights (AA26 and FA430). These procedures have a lower detection limit of 5 ppb and an upper limit of 10,000 ppb.
In cases where the analytical result exceeded 10 ppm gold, an additional 50 gram sample charge was re-run with a fire assay fusion and gravimetric procedure (ALS Chemex procedure Au-GRA-21, Bureau Veritas procedure FA530 ) which has a lower limit of 0.05 ppm and an upper limit of 1,000 ppm.
Eleven drill holes from the 2010 drill campaign were selected to be analyzed for 37 elements using inductively coupled plasma and atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), using protocol ME-ICP-61 at the ALS Chemex’s lab in North Vancouver, Canada. Through 2010-11, approximately 40% of all core samples were analysed with this technique. Since January of 2013 all core samples are analysed with Bureau Veritas’ AQ252 35 element Aqua Regia digestion Ultratrace ICP-MS analysis.
10.1.3 Laboratory Certifications
The following paragraphs describe the assay laboratories used by B2Gold for analyses of La Libertad samples. The La Libertad Laboratory is owned and operated by B2Gold. The other laboratories, Acme/Bureau Veritas, ALS Chemex and Skyline Labs are completely independent of B2Gold.
La Libertad Laboratory, Nicaragua – Assay lab at mine site. Not independent of B2Gold.
Inspectorate Vancouver – Check assays from June 2012 to December 2012
Acme/Bureau Veritas – Primary laboratory for analyses of B2Gold’s La Libertad samples since January 2013. BV/Acme is (ISO)9001 accredited. They are (ISO)17025 accredited for the following methods only:
ALS Chemex, North Vancouver, Canada – Primary laboratory for analyses of B2Gold’s La Libertad samples until January 2013.Now serves as secondary/umpire lab ALS has laboratories accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for specific procedures, while the majority of the laboratories have attained ISO 9001:2008 certification.
Skyline Labs, Tucson, AZ – Umpire lab from 2010 to August 2012. This laboratory is accredited in accordance with the recognized International Standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories. This accreditation demonstrates technical competence for a defined scope and the operation of a laboratory quality management system (refer to joint ISO-ILAC-IAF Communiqué dated 8 January 2009).
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 10-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
10.2 Security Measures
Once drill holes were logged and sampled, drill core samples with sample number tags were sealed within plastic bags by tamper proof “zap-straps” or cords. Sample numbers were also recorded on the outside of the bags. The samples were transported by truck to the Mine laboratory by company vehicles and personnel. All sampling of B2Gold core was conducted within the Mine compound and by exploration personnel under the supervision of the drill geologists. Sample batches of 78 samples with sequential sample numbers were submitted to the lab to ensure that B2Gold knew where the quality control samples were within any fusion run within the lab batch analysis. Coarse rejects are stored in a locked warehouse at La Libertad in well labeled bags.
Boxed sample batches were transported to Managua by B2Gold personnel in company vehicles. Samples were stored in a locked compound in Managua prior to air shipment to Canada.
Gustavson considers the security measures employed by B2Gold at La Libertad to be adequate.
10.3 Assaying Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Program
Industry-standard quality control programs have been employed by B2Gold at La Libertad from 2009 to present.
B2Gold caters their individual batch sizes and QA/QC insertion frequency to the oven size used by the primary laboratory, Acme/Bureau Veritas in Vancouver. An oven batch consists of 78 samples. Each half batch of 39 samples includes a standard, a blank, a field duplicate, a preparation duplicate, and a pulp duplicate. Certified reference materials (standards) were sourced from CDN Labs in Vancouver, BC, Canada. A coarse field blank material composed of basalt is sourced from a quarry located in Nindiri, Nicaragua.
Approximately 10% of all samples were submitted for check assay by a secondary laboratory, in this case. The check assay data was compared with the original analyses. The overall grade difference between the labs is less than 5%.
All assay data was received in digital format from the lab and imported directly into a project specific database for validation. Evaluation of the performance of QA/QC insertions was done immediately upon receipt/import of the laboratory assay certificate. The database contains tools designed to facilitate the validation of results and the presentation of QA/QC data.
A lab submittal batch failed if a certified standard assay was +/- 3 standard deviations from the certified mean, or if two successive batch standards were greater than +/- 2 standard deviations on the same side of the mean. A batch was also failed if a blank exceed 5 times the detection limit (50 PPB). This was modified to 10 times detection limit later in the program. In the event of a failed batch, reruns were requested on all or a portion of the batch submission.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 10-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Assay results associated with failed insertions/batches are stored within the database but are not associated with sample interval information.
Batch re-runs also include quality control samples. The database is updated with re-run data only when re-run batch passes all QA/QC requirements. Only final validated assay data is associated with sample intervals.
A Table of Failures was maintained to document failures and resolutions. “Before and After” time series charts were maintained to monitor lab re-run analysis on the standards and blanks. Scatter charts were maintained for the three duplicate types. These charts facilitated validation and allowed identification of bias and/or drift within the primary and secondary labs used for gold analysis.
10.4 Opinion on Adequacy
Gustavson has reviewed the La Libertad QA/QC procedures and considers them to be adequate to support the inclusion of the sampling results (assays) in the estimation of mineral resources.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 11-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
11 DATA VERIFICATION (ITEM 12)
11.1 Procedures
In the company of B2Gold exploration geologists, Mr. Crowl visited the La Libertad core storage and core logging areas, the core splitting saw area, the specific gravity measurement facility.
Core logs for six holes (1 Mojon, 3 Los Angeles and 2 Jabali) were reviewed while examining the split core. Mineralized intervals were examined and the application of lithology, alteration and mineralization coding in the logs was compared to the actual core. The logging was consistent and no discrepancies were noted. The core storage facility is well organized and the marking of the core for sampling was consistent and clear. Core splitting is accomplished using a core saw.
B2Gold collected samples for specific gravity measurements from each drill hole using a wax-coated water immersion method (samples were dried for 24 hours before measuring). Twenty-five centimeter selections of core were tested every 25 meters down the drill hole. Samples were weighed with a digital balance that was routinely calibrated with brass calibration weights. QA/QC was checked with a standard comprising a soda ash glass cylinder with a pre-determined density. The glass standard was inserted into the sample stream at least once in each batch of specific gravity samples. The specific gravity information varies on a deposit by deposit basis and the details can be found with the individual Mineral Resource estimates by deposit in Section 13 below.
11.2 Limitations and Recommendations
Gustavson is satisfied that the core logging, splitting and sampling procedures used at La Libertad are of high quality and are applied consistently during the exploration campaigns since 2009.
11.3 Data Adequacy
Gustavson considers that the results of their verification efforts indicate that the data have been acquired in an industry standard manner and are adequate to be used in mineral resource estimation.
11.4 Production Reconciliation
Often at operating facilities like La Libertad, the best method for verification of exploration drilling, sampling and assaying procedures is production reconciliation with the expected grades and tonnages from the mine plans. The mine plans are based on the conversion of mineral resources to mineral reserves using the mine economics at the time of planning. Table 11-1 shows the production reconciliation for 2012, 2013 and 2014. The diluted reserve model is slightly overestimating on tonnage and underestimating on grade. Estimated ounces for the volume mined are within 4%.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 11-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 11-1: La Libertad Production Reconciliation, 2012 - 2014 by Year and 2009 – 2014 Total
Year | Mine - Ore Control | Block Model Diluted | Mine vs Model | ||||||
Au | Au | Au | Au | Au | Au | ||||
ore tonnes | grade | ounces | ore tonnes | grade | ounces | ore tonnes | grade | ounces | |
2012 | 1,758,562 | 2.137 | 120,816 | 2,025,049 | 1.710 | 111,361 | -13% | 25% | 8% |
2013 | 1,840,355 | 2.731 | 161,568 | 2,231,422 | 1.966 | 141,039 | -18% | 39% | 15% |
2014 | 1,995,568 | 2.666 | 171,050 | 2,364,380 | 2.109 | 160,351 | -16% | 26% | 7% |
2009 - 2014 |
7,961,044 |
2.437 |
623,880 |
9,471,234 |
1.971 |
600,250 |
-16% |
24% |
4% |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 12-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
12 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING (ITEM 13)
12.1 Testing and Procedures
La Libertad was put into production as a large scale heap leach from 1994 to 1996. It was returned to production in 2001 and operated as a heap leach until 2007. In May 2007, due to consistently low gold recoveries, the owner, Central Sun Mining Inc. commissioned AMEC to complete test-work to determine the benefit to convert the plant to a conventional mill and leach process.
B2Gold acquired the property from Central Sun in March 2009 and completed the construction of the current mill in late 2009, commencing ore processing on December 15, 2009. The mill feed is a combination of fresh material from the several pits in operation supplemented with material from the “spent” leach pads.
Results presented herein were sourced from the operation.
12.2 Relevant Results
Since the mill was upgraded in mid-2013, the metallurgical results are presented for 2014. The plant processed an average of± 6000 mtpd of ore assaying ± 2.2 g/t Au. The average gold recovery in the plant for year 2014 was 94.3 %. The results are summarized below in Table 13-1.
Table 12-1 Libertad Mill Production Statistics
Description | U/M | YTD 2014 |
Operation Time | Days | 365 |
Ore Milled (DESMINIC) | dmt | 2,190,937 |
Ore Milled/Day | tpd | 6,003 |
Mill Feed Grade (DESMINIC) | gpt | 2.26 |
Ore Milled (Pequeños Mineros) | dmt | 19,466 |
Feed Grade (Pequeños Mineros) | gpt | 5.69 |
Recovery Gold Production | % | 94.3 |
Gold Production (DESMINIC) | Ounces | 150,051 |
Gold Production (Pequeños Mineros) | Ounces | 3,025 |
Total Gold Production | Ounces | 153,076 |
Gold Poured (DESMINIC) | Ounces | 150,935 |
Gold Poured (Pequeños Mineros) | Ounces | 3,025 |
12.3 Sample Representativeness
As La Libertad is an operating mine and process plant, Gustavson has relied principally on the production data from the plant to predict future performance. These results currently represent all ore types including; gold and silver in quartz veins, gold and silver in braided stockwork and gold in spent ore from a previous heap leach operation in the proportions that they will be fed to the process plant, and Gustavson judges that this is representative of expected results during the balance of the mine life.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 12-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
12.4 Significant Factors
Gustavson knows of no other significant factors affecting the processing of ores at La Libertad. No deleterious elements have caused any adverse effects in the processing and no significant change is expected in the characteristics of the material in the future.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE (ITEM 14)
La Libertad is an operating gold mine which has been in large scale production off and on since 1994. It is currently being operated by B2Gold. There are Mineral Resources in 5 different areas and the mineral resource models have been estimated by B2Gold staff and have been audited by Donald E. Hulse P.E. of Gustavson Associates LLC, a Qualified Person under NI 43-101. Mr. Hulse states that these Resource estimates are in accordance with NI 43-101 and CIM Best Practice Guidelines.
13.1 Assumptions, Parameters and Methods
There are Mineral Resource estimates in five distinct areas at La Libertad; Mojón, Jabali Central, Jabali Antenna, Los Angeles and San Juan. Each of these was treated in a similar manner with domain analysis, statistics, capping, variography and estimation based on best practices.
13.2 Basis for Estimate
The drill database for La Libertad consists of 1674 drill holes in 30 different areas. The drillhole summaries for the five areas of concern are shown in Table 13-1. Summaries of the holes used by deposit are presented in each section.
Table 13-1 Drill Hole Database
Area |
Number of Holes |
Total Meters Drilled |
Jabalí Antenna | 195 | 31,745 |
Jabalí Central | 208 | 27,808 |
Los Angeles | 15 | 1,649 |
Mojon | 466 | 84,080 |
San Juan | 103 | 14,432 |
Since acquisition of the project, B2Gold has made a continuing effort to validate and improve the database. A full, record-by-record, field by field verification of the logged, and survey data against the original drill logs and survey files was completed and changes/additions were made where appropriate.
13.2.1 Contamination
A comprehensive review of the drill database with focus on the issue of downhole contamination was completed by Chlumsky, Armbrust and Meyers (CAM) in 2003. They noted many intervals with suspected contamination either due to observation of anomalous rock types in chips where none was expected or where contamination was suspected by the logger (anomalously high recovery, high values at beginning of water injection, unexpected chip rock types).
Several intervals identified as contaminated by CAM were examined in detail and contamination could not be conclusively determined from available data. Although the CAM contamination codes were taken into consideration for the current resource estimate, acceptance of the codes was on a case by case basis. Suspected holes/intervals were included if they agreed reasonably well with surrounding drillholes.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.2.2 Software
The database was compiled in MS-Access™ and imported into mining software via CSV (comma delimited ASCII file). Gemcom-GEMS™ software was used to complete interpretations and wireframing (solid modeling). MS-Excel™ and B2Gold proprietary EDA software were used for data analysis. Snowden Supervisor was used for variography and Datamine™ was used to create block models and interpolate grades. The final Datamine™ sub-celled model was regularized and exported to CSV to import back into GEMS™ and Whittle™ for engineering and production staff.
13.2.3 Model Setup
Models were developed for each deposit area. Each model is unique according to its location and spatial parameters. The coding fields for lithological domains and weathering classes are common to all models, and are detailed in Table 13-2.
The resource estimates were all completed in Datamine™ software, using dynamic anisotropy, a method to orient the search ellipse locally parallel to the strike and dip of the mineralized structure. To mitigate unwanted effect of very local extreme orientations (e.g. triangle at ends or at “hinge” of splays), inputs were limited to reasonable values (overall orientation +/- 35° of the overall orientation of the structure). The range of these limiting azimuths is unique to each deposit area.
Table 13-2 Domain and Weathering Codes - La Libertad
Domain |
Code |
Weathering Class |
Code | |
QZBH/vein | 2000 | Air/gallery/void | 800 | |
Stockwork | 3000 | Colluvium | 700 | |
Waste | 4000 | Fill | 600 | |
Fault | 6000 | Saprolite | 300 | |
Colluvium | 7000 | Saprock | 200 | |
Gallery | 8000 | Fresh | 100 | |
Air | 9000 |
Each of these domains was interpreted on cross sections of the drillholes and these interpretations were formed into 3-dimensional solids. These solids were used for coding of sample and composite data and for coding of the block model by domain.
Gustavson has examined the 3-dimensional solids and checked the statistics of the coded data and has duplicated and confirmed the work performed by B2Gold staff.
13.2.4 Economic Mineral Resource Pit Limits
In each deposit the Mineral Resource was constrained within an economic pit limit imposed using Whittle software. This was based on actual and forecast costs at the Mine. The economic limits used the following parameters.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-3 Economic Pit Limit Parameters for Mineral Resources
Common Economic Parameters | |
Gold Price | $1,500 / oz |
Processing Gold Recovery | 94.00% |
% of Gross Gold and Silver Value Payable | 99.57% |
Total Refining, Transportation Costs | $0.39 / t-o |
Processing Cost | $15.26 / t-o |
Site General | $4.34 / t-o |
Tailings Facility | $1.80 / t-o |
Haulage Cost | Waste | Ore |
Mojon | $2.32 / t-w | $1.76 / t-o |
Spent Ore | $0.00 / t-w | $0.82 / t-o |
Jabali Antenna | $1.78 / t-w | $7.53 / t-o |
Jabali Central | $1.78 / t-w | $7.53 / t-o |
13.3 Mojon
13.3.1 Database
The data used for estimation of the Mojon resource model are summarized in Table 13-4.
Table 13-4 Estimation of Mojon Resource Model
Year | Type | Holes | Meters | Company |
1995 | RC | 47 | 4,999 | Greenstone |
1996 | RC | 77 | 12,579 | Greenstone |
1997 | DDH | 9 | 1,819 | Greenstone |
1997 | RC | 98 | 21,005 | Greenstone |
1998 | DDH | 13 | 2,162 | Greenstone |
1998 | RC | 104 | 20,689 | Greenstone |
2006 | DDH | 16 | 2,487 | Glencairn/Central |
2007 | DDH | 8 | 1,227 | Glencairn/Central |
2008 | DDH | 9 | 1,671 | Central Sun |
2010 | DDH | 13 | 1,807 | B2Gold |
2011 | DDH | 36 | 5,283 | B2Gold |
2012 | DDH | 2 | 283 | B2Gold |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
2013 | DDH | 13 | 3,702 | B2Gold |
2014 | DDH | 21 | 4,368 | B2Gold |
TOTAL DDH | 140 | 24,808 | ||
TOTAL RC | 326 | 59,272 | ||
GRAND TOTAL | 466 | 84,080 |
The Mojon trend forms a braided stockwork system trending 063° and dipping sub-vertically 75-90° to the SSE. Stockwork/vein zones average 22m wide, with a range from 5-40m. Numerous hanging wall splays are present that are generally narrower and less continuous than the main zone. They are oriented 075°, and have vertical to slightly NNW dips. Gold grades in the stockwork zones are generally 0.1 -0.5 g/t Au with occasional spiked values.
Massive veins/vein breccias within the stockwork envelopes have an average true width of about 9m with a range of 1-20m. Higher gold grades are associated with vuggy, drusy and banded quartz veins. Pyrite (and its oxidized products) is closely related to gold mineralization but is present in small volumes, generally less than 1%.
Host rocks are moderately altered immediately adjacent to the stockwork and veining zones. Alteration types are typically silica and argillic with minor amounts of propylitic.
Figure 13-1 shows a typical cross section of the Mojon deposit.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-5 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-1 Cross Section of Mojon Deposit (looking Northeast)
13.3.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
A full exploratory data analysis study was performed on the drillhole database. Very few logged parameters correlated with gold grades. In fact, the final conclusion of the study indicates that QZBH and QZST rock types are the best controls on Au mineralization (as expected).
Quartz percent showed good positive correlation as well, but this is in part included in the QZST and QZBH codes.
Given the high CV of Au values in the QZBH rock types, further domaining was investigated. The only logged parameter that showed grade differentiation was the quartz type (texture) codes. Of these the drusy, vuggy, and to a lesser extent, banded codes indicated higher gold grades than the other codes. However these were only reliable in the diamond drillholes which represent less than 20% of the overall dataset. In the end, no further domaining of the QZBH domain was used. After capping and compositing, the CV was reduced to acceptable (although still slightly high) levels.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-6 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-2 Mojon Vein Cumulative Frequency Plot – Au
Figure 13-3 Mojon Stockwork Cumulative Frequency Plot - Au
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-7 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.3.3 Interpretation of 3-D Solids
Interpretations of quartz-stockwork (QZST) and quartz-vein/breccia (QZBH) were created on approximately 25m spaced vertical cross sections based on logged rock type, and quartz vein percent from drillholes. These interpretations were reconciled on levels, and then sections were adjusted. This process was repeated several times until a suitable 3-D interpretation was completed. The sectional interpretations were linked to create wireframe solids of the QZBH and QZST units.
Weathering surfaces were created by calculating the vertical thickness of weathering units in drillholes and interpolating this thickness into a 6.25 x 6.25m grid that covers the extent of the deposit area. This thickness was then subtracted from topography to produce 3D surfaces of the bottom of colluvium, bottom of saprolite and bottom of saprock.
13.3.4 Capping and Compositing
Capping was determined using decile and probability plots. The high grade outliers were flagged and viewed graphically to ensure they don’t form a distinct domain by location or shoot. No discreet high grade shoots were observed.
A downhole composite length of 3m was chosen based on proposed mining method (and SMU), grade variability across the zones and the thickness of the zones. New composites were started at each of the tagged zone intervals. Composite lengths were allowed to vary a small amount within intervals to avoid the problem of small “residual” composites at the end of intervals.
Capping was applied to assays prior to compositing:
Table 13-5 Mojon Grade Capping by Rock Type
DOMAIN |
Numeric Code |
Cap Au-g/t |
Cap Ag-g/t |
HG/Vein | 2000 | 38 | 70 |
Stock | 3000 | 5 | 40 |
Waste | 4000 | 3.5 | 30 |
Fill | 6000 | 20 | 30 |
Colluvium | 7000 | 20 | 30 |
13.3.5 Block Model
A sub-celled block model was created that extends well beyond current drilling in anticipation of pit optimization. See the following table for block model parameters.
Table 13-6 Mojon Block Model Parameters
X | Y | Z | |
Model Origin | 47168.75 | 47554.13 | 192 |
Block Size | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6 |
Number | 780 | 240 | 88 |
Rotation | 30deg Counter-clockwise about z Axis |
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-8 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
A block size of 6.25X6.25X6 was chosen as a reasonable expectation of SMU given the style of mineralization and mining method and rate. Sub-cells were created to a minimum of 3.125m x Exact x 3m to precisely reflect volumes, although grades were estimated into parent cells.
The model was trimmed to original “pre-mining” topography but considering the multiple generations of mining and backfilling at Mojon several topographic surfaces were used to tag the model and accurately represent the material composition at several benchmark generations. Of special note is an area immediately west of the current haul road at Mojon West which is currently overlain by approximately 20 meters of backfill.
13.3.6 Density
Density (specific gravity) was applied to the model based on a combination of rock type and weathering intensity. The following table lists the SG applied to each sub-domain (Table 13-7). Obvious erroneous data were removed from the dataset prior to calculating averages. Subdomains without sample representation were estimated based on regression from other domains or general assumptions based on material type.
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-9 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-7 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering
Material | Weathering | Number | SG |
Vein/breccia | Saprolite | 0 | 1.9 |
Saprock | 5 | 2.1 | |
Fresh | 178 | 2.4 | |
Stockwork | Saprolite | 0 | 1.8 |
Saprock | 3 | 2.1 | |
Fresh | 203 | 2.35 | |
Bedrock | Saprolite | 9 | 1.75 |
Saprock | 45 | 2.1 | |
Fresh | 882 | 2.4 | |
Colluvium | 0 | 1.7 | |
Fill | 0 | 1.6 |
13.3.7 Variography
A full suite of variograms were created for each estimation domain and estimated grade. Where variograms were too poor to model, estimates of ranges were made based on observation of grade continuity and comparison to other model-able domains and orientations. Note that the variograms are based on normal score and were back-transformed to obtain the values in the table below.
Table 13-8 Gold Variograms - Mojon Model
DOMAIN | NUGGET | C1 | RANGE1 | C2 | RANGE2 | ||||
STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | ||||
2000 (vein) | 0.3 | 0.45 | 100 | 50 | 30 | 0.25 | 165 | 150 | 50 |
3000 (stock) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 45 | 55 | 25 | 0.2 | 155 | 150 | 50 |
13.3.8 Estimation Method
Datamine’s dynamic anisotropy method adjusts the orientation of the search ellipse, and optionally model variograms, to the local orientation of mineralization wireframes. To mitigate the unwanted effect of very local extreme orientations (e.g. triangle at convergence of two splays), inputs were limited to reasonable values (generally the overall orientation of the stockwork +/-30°).
Capped Au and Ag grades were estimated using Ordinary Kriging (OK). Inverse-distance-squared (ID2) and nearest neighbor (NN) were also estimated for comparison and validation. The composite selection criteria were setup to ensure that all Indicated and Inferred blocks are estimated with at least two drillholes and up to 5 holes. The following search criteria were used:
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-10 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-9 Mojon Estimation Search Parameters
Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Max | |||||||
Domain |
Search |
Min |
Max |
Search |
Min |
Max |
Search |
Min |
Max |
per DH |
Orientation | 15X40X55m | 4 | 15 | 30X80X110m | 4 | 15 | 45X120X165m | 3 | 15 | 3 |
Vein/Breccia | 15X40X55m | 4 | 15 | 30X80X110m | 4 | 15 | 45X120X165m | 3 | 15 | 3 |
Stockwork | 18X40X55m | 4 | 15 | 36X80X110m | 4 | 15 | 54X120X165m | 3 | 15 | 3 |
Hard boundary conditions were used between each of the estimation domains.
In the final estimate, average block grades were calculated using 3x2x3 meter discretization points.
13.3.9 Resource Classification
The Mojon Resource was classified according to the following criteria.
Table 13-10 Mojon Resource Classification Criteria
Category |
B2-Criteria |
Indicated |
Contiguous areas with 2 holes in 40X50m ellipse, or 2 holes in 80X100m but within 25m of at least one hole. |
Inferred |
Contiguous areas with 2 holes within 80X100m, or 1 holes within 40X50m |
Other |
All other estimated blocks |
Polygons were drawn on long sections around contiguous areas that meet each of the criteria and applied to the block model for final resource classification.
13.3.10 Model Validation
Grade estimates were validated using 4 methods:
Visual comparison of block grades to composites on section and level
Comparison of global block statistics for the NN, ID2 and OK models
Swath plots to examine positional differences between NN, ID2 and OK models
Only Indicated and Inferred blocks were used for validation.
13.3.11 Visual Comparison
Blocks were compared to composite grades on sections and levels using paper sections and on screen. The following observations are made:
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-11 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
The use of dynamic anisotropy for search ellipse orientation follows the geology wireframes very well.
The model appears to be moderately smoothed, in places creating an overestimate compared to composites, and in other places creating an underestimate. On balance the interpolation seems to create an accurate representation of the ore body while averaging out extremes.
In a few spots, very high grade composites seem to have a little too much influence and push grade into areas where nearby drillholes indicate low grade. The high grade is simply overpowering adjacent composites. These areas are quite local and tend to be in Inferred material. They have a minimal effect on the overall resource.
13.3.11.1 Model to drillhole true thickness comparison
As a check on the volume of vein and stockwork, model horizontal and calculated true thickness were compared to calculated true and horizontal thickness from drillholes on vertical long sections. The concern is not so much that the wireframes don’t match the drillholes directly at the drillholes (this would be caught during assay selection), but that the thickness of the zones are misrepresented between drillholes. One long section was created for the main orebody and another for the hanging wall splays and any discrepancies were corrected by adjusting the wireframes.
13.3.11.2 Comparison Block Statistics
Kriged block statistics were compared to the NN model as a representation of de-clustered composites to determine if any global biases were introduced during the estimate. The ID2 model is also presented for comparison.
Indicated kriged grades are within 1% of the NN grades and Inferred grades are within 6%. These are well within reasonable limits and suggest that a material bias is not present in the model.
The CV of the kriged model is nearly half the NN model showing that a significant level of smoothing is occurring. A change of support study should be completed to determine if this smoothing is warranted.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-12 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.3.11.3 Swath Plots
Swath plots (plots of average grade by coordinate axis) were created to compare the different estimation methods to determine if any more local problems occur with the estimates. These plots show a good comparison of variations of grade.
Figure 13-4 Mojon Gold Swath Plot East-West
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-13 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-5 Mojon Gold Swath Plot Vertical
13.4 Jabalí Central
The Jabali Central model was last updated in 2012. This model has been performing well in the mine. Antenna was remodeled in 2015 with new drilling.
13.4.1 Database
The 2015 model update at Jabali Antenna is based on 208 holes distributed according to Table 13-11.
Table 13-11 Jabali Central Drill Database
Campaign | Holes | Meters |
2010 | 14 | 1,731.30 |
2011 | 191 | 25,638.70 |
2011-met | 3 | 438.00 |
2012 | NA | NA |
Total | 208 | 27,808.00 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-14 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-6 Jabali Central Cross Section (looking northeast)
At Central, two principal lithologies carry the bulk of the deposited metal, vein and stockwork. These are shown in the cross section, Figure 13-6 and the cumulative frequency distributions are shown in Figure 13-7.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-15 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.4.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
Figure 13-7 Cumulative Frequency Distributions for Vein and Stockwork – Jabali Central
13.4.3 Interpretation of 3-D Solids
Geological interpretations were completed on north-south vertical cross sections. These were reconciled in 3D and linked to create the final wireframes. The following units were modeled:
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-16 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Interpretations were completed by Tyler McKinnon with frequent reference to a parallel interpretation completed in 2012 by Andrey Kordeenok.
Since only one long section of uncertain origins exists as an archive of historical mining, the extents of the mined out areas was reconstructed based on observations of either fill or voids in drillholes.
Host rock stratigraphic interpretations were not completed to a degree that they could be used for this study.
Weathering and colluvium surfaces were created by calculating the vertical thickness of weathering units in drillholes and interpolating this thickness into a 6X6m grid that covers the extent of the deposit area. This thickness was then subtracted from topography to create the 3D surfaces.
13.4.4 Capping and Compositing
Top capping levels were determined using cumulative probability plots and decile analysis.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-17 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Capping was primarily applied by main domain (QZST or QZBH). To account for high grade shoots, additional capping domains were applied to the veins. Capping was applied to assays prior to compositing: Cap levels are shown in Table 13-12.
Table 13-12 Capping Values for Jabali Central
DOMAIN |
Capping Domain |
Numeric Code |
Cap Au-g/t |
Cap Ag-g/t |
HG/Vein | 0 | 2000 | 20.0 | 135.0 |
1 | 2000 | 40.0 | 135.0 | |
2 | 2000 | 25.0 | 135.0 | |
3 | 2000 | 35.0 | 135.0 | |
4 | 2000 | 40.0 | 135.0 | |
5 | 2000 | 40.0 | 135.0 | |
Stock | 0 | 3000 | 7.0 | 40.0 |
Waste | 0 | 4000 | 4.0 | 30.0 |
Colluvium | 0 | 7000 | 5.0 | 10.0 |
Gallery | 0 | 8000 | 10.0 | 125.0 |
13.4.5 Block Model
A sub-celled block model was created that extends well beyond current drilling in anticipation of pit optimization. Table 13-13 shows the block model parameters.
Table 13-13 Jabali Central Block Model Parameters
X | Y | Z | |
Model Origin | 47168.75 | 47554.13 | 192 |
Block Size | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6 |
Number | 780 | 240 | 88 |
Rotation |
30deg Counter-clockwise about z Axis |
13.4.6 Density
Density (specific gravity) was applied to the model based on a combination of rock type and weathering intensity. The following table lists the SG applied to each sub-domain. Obvious erroneous data was removed from the dataset prior to calculating averages. Sub-domains without sample representation were estimated based on regression from other domains or general assumptions based on material type.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-18 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-14 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering
Material | Weathering | Number | SG |
Vein/breccia | Saprolite | 0* | 2.1 |
Saprock | 0* | 2.3 | |
Fresh | 150 | 2.52 | |
Stockwork | Saprolite | 0* | 2.0 |
Saprock | 0* | 2.2 | |
Fresh | 96 | 2.47 | |
Bedrock | Saprolite | 0 | 1.8 |
Saprock | 3 | 1.85 | |
Fresh | 615 | 2.63 | |
Colluvium | 0 | 1.70 | |
Fill | 0 | 1.9 |
13.4.7 Grade Estimation
13.4.7.1 Variography
A full suite of variograms were created for each estimation domain and estimated grade. Where Variograms were too poor to model, estimates of ranges were made based on observation of grade continuity and comparison to other model-able domains and orientations. Note that the variograms are based on normal score and were back-transformed to obtain the values in Table 13-15 below.
Table 13-15 Gold Variograms - Central Model
DOMAIN | NUGGET | C1 | RANGE1 | C2 | RANGE2 | ||||
STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | ||||
2000 | 0.45 | 0.3 | 110 | 10 | 10 | 0.25 | 175 | 110 | 25 |
3000 | 0.5 | 0.35 | 50 | 5 | 65 | 0.15 | 175 | 80 | 20 |
4000* | 0.5 | 0.25 | 100 | 10 | 20 | 0.25 | 150 | 110 | 20 |
8000* | 0.5 | 0.25 | 100 | 10 | 30 | 0.25 | 150 | 110 | 20 |
7000* | 0.5 | 0.25 | 100 | 75 | 100 | 0.25 | 150 | 10 | 110 |
*Variography for these domains is poor. Values in above table are estimated from presumed effect of nature and distribution of grades in domains.
13.4.8 Estimation Method
Datamine’s dynamic anisotropy method adjusts the orientation of the search ellipse and optionally model variograms to the local orientation of mineralization wireframes. To mitigate unwanted effect of very local extreme orientations (e.g. triangle at ends or at “hinge” of splays), inputs were limited to reasonable values (overall orientation +/- 30°).
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-19 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-16 Central Estimation Search Parameters
Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Max | |||||||
Domain |
Search |
Min |
Max |
Search |
Min |
Max |
Search |
Min |
Max |
per DH |
Vein/Breccia | 60X10X45m | 4 | 12 | 90X15X67.5m | 4 | 12 | 120X20X95m | 2 | 12 | 3 |
Stockwork | 60X10X45m | 4 | 12 | 90X15X67.5m | 4 | 12 | 120X20X95m | 2 | 12 | 3 |
Colluvium | 80X60X20m | 4 | 12 | 120X90X30m | 4 | 12 | 160X120X40m | 2 | 12 | 3 |
Gallery | 60X10X45m | 4 | 12 | 90X15X67.5m | 4 | 12 | 120X20X90m | 2 | 12 | 3 |
Capped Au and Ag grades were estimated using Ordinary Kriging (OK). Inverse-Distance-Squared (ID2), and Nearest Neighbor (NN), and uncapped grades were also estimated for comparison and validation. Hard boundary conditions were used between all domains. 4X3X4 discretization points were used for the final estimate.
At Central, there were concerns that vein breccia and stockwork material along the margins of mined out areas were not representative of the whole zone. To mitigate this, composites from mined out regions were restricted to the mined out area plus a 12m buffer. Beyond that threshold, only composites from unmined areas were used.
13.4.9 Resource Classification
The Central Resource was classified according to the following criteria.
Table 13-17 Central Jabali Resource Classification Criteria
Category |
B2-Criteria |
Indicated |
Blocks estimated with at least two drillholes and within ~30m of nearest drillhole. |
Inferred |
Blocks estimated with at least two drillholes and within ~60m of nearest drillhole. |
Other |
Any other estimated block. |
13.4.10 Model Validation
Grade estimates were validated using 4 methods:
Visual comparison of block grades to composites on section and level
Model vein and stockwork thickness compared to calculated true thickness in drillholes
Comparison of global block statistics for the NN, ID2 and OK models
Swath plots to examine positional differences between NN, ID2 and OK models
Only Indicated and Inferred blocks were used for validation.
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-20 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.4.10.1 Comparison Block Statistics
The tables below compare block Au values interpolated with different interpolation methods at a 0g/t cutoff (i.e. all blocks). The nearest neighbor (NN) model is a representation of the declustered composite statistics. As can be seen, the means of each domain are all within a few percent which is very acceptable. The degree of smoothing is quite strong at central with a CV reduction from 1.16 in the NN model, to 0.54 in the kriged model.
Table 13-18 Block Statistics for Jabali Central
13.4.10.2 Swath Plots
Swath plots (plots of average grade by coordinate axis) were created to compare the different estimation methods to determine if any more local problems occur with the estimates. These plots show a good comparison of variations of grade.
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-21 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-8 Central Gold Swath Plot East-West
Figure 13-9 Central Gold Swath Plot Vertical
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-22 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-10 shows the grade tonnage curve for Central.
Figure 13-10 Jabali Central Grade Tonnage Curve
13.5 Jabalí Antenna
13.5.1 Database
The database used for the resource update was dated January 16th, 2015 and includes all drillholes up to the end of 2014.
For the purpose of this study, everything west of 708700E is considered to be Antenna zone, and everything east is Central.
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Antenna | ||
Drill campaign | Number of | Number of meters |
2010 | 41 | 7,928 |
2011 | 81 | 11,612 |
2011-met | 2 | 416 |
2011-geotech | 2 | 249 |
2012 | 57 | 7,995 |
2012-met | 2 | 430 |
2013 | 10 | 3,115 |
Total | 195 | 31,745 |
Surface trenches were used as a general guide to geology especially where there was paucity of drill data. Trench assays were not used for estimation due to concerns about contamination and variable sample medium.
Figure 13-11 Jabali Antenna Cross Section (Looking Northeast)
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-24 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.5.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
A full exploratory data analysis study was performed on the drillhole database. Logged lithology was the best at identifying high and low grade. QZBH types and QZST showed the best grades.
Other logged parameters that correlate well with grade are:
Vuggy and diffuse banded quartz type
Increased MnOx content
Increased MNFS and MNFD (the fine black microcrystalline minerals) content
Increased sphalerite
Increased chalcopyrite
These variables, however, showed fairly gradational changes with substantial overlap between logged intensity groups. They could not be used to create “hard” boundaries, but can definitely serve as a guide to identifying higher grade material.
13.5.3 Interpretation of 3-D Solids
Geological interpretations were completed on north-south vertical cross sections. These were reconciled in 3D and linked to create the final wireframes. The following units were modeled:
Quartz breccia/quartz veining (QZBH/QZVN) - outlines of units logged as either quartz breccia or quartz vein. Extremely low-grades (0.0X g/t Au) were excluded from these outlines. A minimum width was not used however narrow isolated veins were excluded (or included in quartz-stockwork).
Quartz Stockwork (QZST) - low grade quartz Stockwork generally encompassing the QZBH/VEIN. These were outlines of units logged as quartz Stockwork (QZST), quartz veinlets (QZVT), or sometimes wallrock with >10% veining where indicated by continuity from adjacent holes.
Gallery/Fill (GAL/RELL) - Outlines of intervals logged as gallery usually with 0% recovery, logged as fill, or intervals with extremely low recovery; generally <30% recovery, but sometimes up to 40% where required for continuity with adjacent holes, or if the low recovery interval was directly up or down hole of GAL or RELL.
Overburden surface (COLV) - The thickness of overburden was taken from drill logs and interpolated over the modeled area. This thickness was subtracted from the topography wireframe to create a bottom of overburden surface.
Saprolite surface (SADO) - the thickness of Saprolite from surface was taken from drill logs, corrected to vertical thickness, and interpolated over the modeled area. This thickness was subtracted from the topography wireframe to create a bottom of overburden surface.
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-25 |
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Saprock surface (SAPR) - the thickness of Saprolite from surface was taken from drill logs, corrected to vertical thickness, and interpolated over the modeled area. This thickness was subtracted from the topography wireframe to create a bottom of overburden surface.
Fault/structure interpretation- Faults or fault zones that could be mapped hole-to-hole were interpreted on section.
Interpretations were completed by Tyler McKinnon with frequent reference to a parallel interpretation completed in 2012 by Andrey Kordeenok.
Since only one long section of uncertain origins exists as an archive of historical mining, the extents of the mined out areas was reconstructed based on observations of either fill or voids in drillholes.
Host rock stratigraphic interpretations were not completed to a degree that they could be used for this study.
Weathering and colluvium surfaces were created by calculating the vertical thickness of weathering units in drillholes and interpolating this thickness into a 6X6m grid that covers the extent of the deposit area. This thickness was then subtracted from topography to create the 3D surfaces.
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-26 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-12 Jabali Antenna Sample Statistics by Domain
13.5.4 Capping and Compositing
Assay capping levels were determined using cumulative probability plots and decile analysis. These represent clusters of very high grade samples that have been defined by polygons on long section and used as separate domains for capping:
DOMAIN |
Code |
Cap Domain |
Au-Cap level (g/t) |
QZBH/vein | 2000 | 0 | 35 |
2000 | 2 (ANT) | 60 | |
2000 | 3 (ANT) | 32 | |
Stockwork | 3000 | All | 10 |
Waste | 4000 | 0 | 18 |
Fault | 6000 | 0 | n/a |
Colluvium | 7000 | 0 | 12 |
Gallery | 8000 | 0 | 22 |
Nominal 2 meter composites were created within each of the modeled zones. The length was allowed to vary up to 1m within modeled intervals to avoid the problem of small residual composites at the end of intervals. A 2m length was chosen as a compromise between the proposed mining method and grade/geological variability across the zones.
Assays were capped prior to compositing. Summary statistics of the capped 2m composites used for the grade estimate (AUC1) are presented in Figure 13-13 below.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-27 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-13 Jabali Antenna Composite Statistics by Domain
13.5.5 Block Model
A sub-celled block model was created that extends well beyond current drilling in anticipation of pit optimization. Table 13-19 shows the block model parameters.
Table 13-19 Jabali Antenna Block Model Parameters
X | Y | Z | |
Model Origin | 706700.0 | 1355324.0 | 140.0 |
Block Size | 12.0 | 3.0 | 6.0 |
Number | 384 | 313 | 94 |
A block size of 12X3X6 was chosen based on a reasonable expectation of SMU, the style of mineralization and drillhole spacing.
Modeled wireframes were filled with sub-celled blocks, to a minimum of 3X0.5X3m if necessary. Grades were estimated into the parent block (i.e. all sub-cells of the same domain in a parent block have the same grades).
The model contains variables as defined in Table 13-20.
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Table 13-20 Jabali Antenna Model Codes
DOMAIN | OBJ_INT | WEATHERING | WEATH | |
QZBH/vein | 2000 | Air/gallery/void | 800 | |
Stockwork | 3000 | Colluvium | 700 | |
Waste | 4000 | Fill | 600 | |
Fault | 6000 | Saprolite | 300 | |
Colluvium | 7000 | Saprock | 200 | |
Gallery | 8000 | Fresh | 100 | |
Air | 9000 |
13.5.6 Density
Density (specific gravity) was applied to the model based on a combination of rock type and weathering intensity. The following table lists the SG applied to each sub-domain. Obvious erroneous data was removed from the dataset prior to calculating averages. Sub-domains without sample representation were estimated based on regression from other domains or general assumptions based on material type.
Table 13-21 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering
Material | Weathering | Number | SG |
Vein/breccia | Saprolite | 0 | 2.10 |
Saprock | 0 | 2.40 | |
Fresh | 73 | 2.56 | |
Stockwork | Saprolite | 0 | 2.00 |
Saprock | 0 | 2.20 | |
Fresh | 121 | 2.57 | |
Bedrock | Saprolite | 1 | 1.90 |
Saprock | 12 | 2.40 | |
Fresh | 564 | 2.64 | |
Colluvium | 0 | 1.70 | |
Fill | 0 | 1.90 |
13.5.7 Grade Estimation
13.5.7.1 Variography
A full suite of variograms were created for each estimation domain and estimated grade (Au and Ag). Where variograms were too poor to model, estimates of ranges and structures were based on observation of grade variability and continuity relative to other domains. Note that the variograms are based on normal scores and were back-transformed to obtain the values in the table below.
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Table 13-22 Gold Variograms – Jabali Antenna Model
DOMAIN | NUGGET | C1 | RANGE1 | C2 | RANGE2 | ||||
STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | ||||
2000 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 85 | 35 | 10 | 0.3 | 140 | 60 | 20 |
3000 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 60 | 40 | 10 | 0.3 | 300 | 200 | 15 |
4000 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 50 | 60 | 20 | 0.2 | 175 | 135 | 50 |
8000 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 0.4 | 150 | 70 | 15 |
13.5.8 Estimation Method
Search ellipse criteria were setup to ensure that all pass 1 and pass 2 blocks are estimated with at least 2 and up to 4 drillholes.
Table 13-23 Jabali Antenna Estimation Search Parameters
Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Max | |||||||
Domain |
Search (m) |
Min |
Max |
Search (m) |
Min |
Max |
Search (m) |
Min |
Max |
per DH |
2000 | 60X10X45 | 4 | 12 | 90X15X67.5 | 4 | 12 | 120X20X90 | 2 | 12 | 3 |
3000 | 60X10X45 | 4 | 12 | 90X15X67.5 | 4 | 12 | 120X20X90 | 2 | 12 | 3 |
8000 | 60X10X45 | 4 | 12 | 90X15X67.5 | 4 | 12 | 120X20X90 | 2 | 12 | 3 |
Capped Au and Ag grades were estimated using Ordinary Kriging (OK). Inverse-Distance-Squared (ID2), and Nearest Neighbor (NN), and uncapped grades were also estimated for comparison and validation. Hard boundary conditions were used between all domains. 4X3X4 discretization points were used for the final estimate.
13.5.9 Resource Classification
The Jabali Antenna Resource was classified by a combination of minimum distance to a drillhole and the number of drillholes used to estimate the block. Polygons were drawn on long sections around contiguous areas that meet each criteria and applied to the block model for final categorization. The criteria are:
For reporting potential underground resources, any Indicated material was downgraded to Inferred.
Table 13-24 Jabali Antenna Resource Classification Criteria
Category |
B2-Criteria |
Indicated |
Blocks estimated with at least two drillholes and within ~30m of nearest drillhole. |
Inferred |
Blocks estimated with at least two drillholes and within ~60m of nearest drillhole. |
Other |
Any other estimated block |
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13.5.10 Model Validation
Grade estimates were validated using 4 methods:
Visual comparison of block grades to composites on section and level
Model vein and stockwork thickness compared to calculated true thickness in drillholes
Comparison of global block statistics for the NN, ID2 and OK models
Swath plots to examine positional differences between NN, ID2 and OK models
Only Indicated and Inferred blocks were used for validation.
13.5.10.1 Visual Comparison
Vertical cross sections and levels were created to compare grades in composites to estimated block grades. The following observations are made:
In general block grades represent composites quite well.
The use of dynamic anisotropy for ellipse and variograms orientation follows geological contact quite well.
In places, narrow (few composites) low grade composites are overpowered by adjacent wider very high grade and may be producing overestimates in those areas. These areas are very limited and the opposite effect partially balances this problem.
The presence of mined out material (especially at Antenna) causes problems for sample selection. For example, if a vein is entirely mined out, the ellipse needs to look much further for suitable composites for the estimate.
13.5.10.2 Comparison Block Statistics
The tables below compare block Au values interpolated with different interpolation methods at a 0g/t cutoff (i.e. all blocks). The nearest neighbor (NN) model is a representation of the declustered composite statistics. As can be seen, the means of each domain are all within a few percent which is very acceptable.
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Table 13-25 Global Model Statistics
13.5.10.3 Swath Plots
Swath plots (plots of average grade by coordinate axis) were created to compare the different estimation methods to determine if any more local problems occur with the estimates. These plots show a good comparison of variations of grade.
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Figure 13-14 Jabali Antenna Vein Swath Plot East-West
Figure 13-15 Jabali Antenna Stockwork Swath Plot East-West
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Figure 13-16 Jabali Antenna Gallery/Fill Swath Plot East-West
13.5.11 Grade Tonnage Curves
Grade tonnage curves for Antenna are presented below.
Figure 13-17 Grade Tonnage for Antenna Indicated Mineral Resource
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13.6 Los Angeles
13.6.1 Database
The database used for the resource update was dated February 13th, 2015 and includes all drillholes up to the end of 2014. A few holes from 2015 were also used to guide interpretations however assays were not yet available. Surface trenches were used as a general guide to geology but assays were not used for estimation due to concerns about contamination and variable sample medium. Drillholes used are shown in Table 13-7.
Table 13-26 Drill Database for Los Angeles
Drill campaign |
Number of holes |
Number of meters |
2008 | 3 | 564.5 |
2010 | 3 | 335 |
2014 | 9 | 749.4 |
Total | 15 | 1648.9 |
13.6.2 Geology
The Los Angeles structure strikes 240° and dips steeply to the north at approximately 75-85°. The ore grade portion is confirmed over at least 400m and is open along strike. The zones are also open down dip. The deepest current intersection is well mineralized at 120m vertical from surface. The stockwork zone varies from 3-12m thick, while the higher-grade breccias are 1.5 -3.5m thick.
The best gold grades are associated with hydrothermal breccia, quartz breccia and wall rock breccia with >25% veins and veinlets and banded texture with fine black sulfides.
The volcanic host rocks are moderately altered immediately adjacent to the stockwork and veining zones. In these areas, silicic and argillic alteration is present.
Surface saprolite alteration is developed to a depth of approximately 25m from surface.
The Los Angeles vein was previously mined and although the highest grade portions of the vein are likely gone, significant remnants in the hanging wall and footwall still contain mineralization. Drilling and long sections of historic mining confirm that there is no previous mining greater than 40-50m from surface.
Figure 13-18 shows a cross section of the Los Angeles deposit.
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Figure 13-18 Cross Section of Los Angeles Deposit (Looking Northeast)
13.6.3 Exploratory Data Analysis
Lithologies modelled are similar to those described in Mojon. Figure 13-19 shows the cumulative frequency diagrams for the vein and stockwork domains at Los Angeles.
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-19 Cumulative Frequency Diagrams for Los Angeles Vein and Stockwork
13.6.4 Interpretation of 3-D Solids
Interpretations were based on logged lithology, quartz vein percent and to some extent gold grades. The following units were interpreted and wireframed:
High-grade Quartz and hydrothermal Breccia (OBJ_GRP=2000) - Consists mostly of quartz-stockwork, quartz-breccia and hydrothermal breccia. Distinguished from the low grade quartz stockwork unit mostly on grade and higher quartz percent.
Quartz Stockwork (OBJ_GRP=3000) - Based on logged quartz stockwork (QZST), hydrothermal breccias (BHBH) and andesite units with minor quartz stockworking.
Gallery/Backfill (OBJ_GRP=8000) - based on logged observation of voids and fill material in drill core. Also, a long section of historic mining was used to limit the extents of interpreted gallery and fill. In addition, intervals with very low recovery were interpreted as gallery if indicated by adjacent holes.
Weathering - Due to time constraints, a very simple model for weathering was used for this exercise. Anything that was less than 25m from surface was designated weathered (the approximate average depth to bottom of saprock).
13.6.5 Capping and Compositing
Capping was applied to assays prior to compositing:
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Table 13-27 Los Angeles Grade Capping by Rock
DOMAIN |
Numeric Code |
Cap Au-g/t |
Cap Ag-g/t |
HG/Vein | 2000 | 30.0 | 100 |
Stock | 3000 | 3.5 | 90 |
Waste | 4000 | 1.5 | 45 |
Gallery | 8000 | 5.0 | 100 |
Nominal 2 meter composites were created within each of the modeled zones. The length was allowed to vary up to 1m within modeled intervals to avoid the problem of small residual composites at the end of intervals. A 2m length was chosen as a compromise between the proposed mining method and grade/geological variability across the zones.
Assays were capped prior to compositing.
13.6.6 Block Model
A sub-celled block model was created that extends well beyond current drilling in anticipation of pit optimization. Table 13-28 shows the block model parameters.
Table 13-28 Los Angeles Block Model Parameters
X | Y | Z | |
Model Origin | 699600.0 | 1352980.0 | 354.0 |
Block Size | 6.0 | 3.0 | 6.0 |
Number | 80 | 94 | 38 |
Rotation | 20deg Counter-clockwise about z Axis |
13.6.7 Density
Density (specific gravity) was applied to the model based on a combination of rock type and weathering intensity. The following table lists the SG applied to the model. Domains without representation were inferred from other domains and material type.
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Table 13-29 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering
Material | Weathering | Number | SG |
Vein/breccia |
Saprolite/ Saprock |
0 |
2.20 |
Fresh | 10 | 2.38 | |
Stockwork |
Saprolite/ Saprock |
13 |
2.20 |
Fresh | 15 | 2.37 | |
Bedrock |
Saprolite/ Saprock |
13 |
2.20 |
Fresh | 51 | 2.38 | |
Colluvium | 1.70 | ||
Fill | 1.80 |
The modeled mined out areas have poor or no recovery and varying portions of fill and voids. To apply SG to this material, the fill density was applied then factored by the estimated recovery %. So, an interval with 50% recovery in galleries would be given an SG of 1.9*50%=0.95t/m3.
13.6.8 Grade Estimation
13.6.8.1 Variography
Due to the small number of drillholes and samples, no useable variograms were available. When more data is available a geostatistical study should be performed.
13.6.9 Estimation Method
Table 13-30 Los Angeles Estimation Search Parameters
Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Max | |||||||
Domain |
Search (m) |
Min |
Max |
Search (m) |
Min |
Max |
Search (m) |
Min |
Max |
per DH |
HG/Vein | 50X10X50 | 3 | 12 | 75X15X75 | 3 | 12 | 100X20X100 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
Stock | 50X10X50 | 3 | 12 | 75X15X75 | 3 | 12 | 100X20X100 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
Gallery | 50X10X50 | 3 | 12 | 75X15X75 | 3 | 12 | 100X20X100 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
Capped Au and Ag grades were estimated using inverse-Distance-cubed (ID3) interpolation. Nearest Neighbor (NN), and uncapped grades were also estimated for comparison and validation. Hard boundary conditions were used between all domains. 4X3X4 discretization points were used for the final estimate.
13.6.10 Resource Classification
The Los Angeles Mineral Resource was classified by a combination of minimum distance to a drillhole and the number of drillholes used to estimate the block. Polygons were drawn on long sections around contiguous areas that meet each criteria and applied to the block model for final categorization. The criteria are:
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-39 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.6.11 Model Validation
Grade estimates were validated using 4 methods:
Visual comparison of block grades to composites on section and level
Model vein and stockwork thickness compared to calculated true thickness in drillholes
Comparison of global block statistics for the NN, ID2 and OK models
Swath plots to examine positional differences between NN, ID2 and OK models
Only Inferred blocks were used for validation.
13.6.11.1 Visual Comparison
Vertical cross sections and levels were created to compare grades in composites to estimated block grades. The following observations are made:
13.6.11.2 Model Block Statistics
Table 13-31 below compares block Au values interpolated with different interpolation methods at a 0g/t cutoff (i.e. all blocks). The nearest neighbor (NN) model is a representation of the declustered composite statistics. The means of the vein and stockwork domain are all within a 5% percent which is acceptable for an Inferred Resource. The mean of the gallery/fill domain differs by 20% between the NN and ID model.
Table 13-31 Jabali Antenna Interpolation Method Comparison
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B2Gold Corp. | 13-40 |
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13.6.11.3 Swath Plots
Swath plots are used to compare NN (declustered composites) to other estimation methods to determine if local differences occur in the models. Generally, the interpolated grades should track the NN grades but be smoother. If any extreme differences are indicated, the cause is investigated and changes made to the estimate if needed. As can be seen in the charts below, the grades are behaving as desired.
Figure 13-20 Los Angeles Qtz Bx Gold Swath Plot East-West
Grade tonnage curves of total resources within the 1500 pits are presented in Figure 13-21:
Figure 13-21 Los Angeles Grade Tonnage Curve
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.6.12 Sensitivity and Capping
Table 13-32 shows a comparison between capped and uncapped average model grades at a 0 g/t cutoff.
Table 13-32 Los Angeles Capped and Uncapped Model Grade Comparisons
Domain |
Capped Au g/t |
Un-Capped Au g/t |
% Metal Reduction |
QZ-Breccia | 3.84 | 4.14 | -7% |
Stockwork | 0.58 | 0.67 | -13% |
Mined/Fill | 1.44 | 2.20 | -34% |
Total | 1.57 | 1.74 | -10% |
13.6.13 Analysis of Removing Existing Mill
There’s a small miner’s mill just to the north of the Los Angeles hanging-wall vein. The current proposed pit would require moving that mill. To determine the impact of not moving the mill a 25m buffer was put around current buildings and a pit optimization was run where no mining was permitted within this buffer. In addition, a pit was designed that would mine only the near surface, weathered material. The resources within the various pits are:
Rip-able pit: 103,080t @ 2.72g/t for 9000oz
25m buffer around mill: 207,560t @ 2.57g/t for 17,181oz
Figure 13-22 Constraint Imposed by Existing Los Angeles Mill
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
13.7 San Juan
Due to small miner activity, open pit mining at San Juan is unlikely; however the potential for underground mining still exists.
Previous models were designed for open pit planning. The current model designed for underground mine planning with consideration to the recent Mojon underground mining study that indicated there is only modest selectivity possible across the vein due to ground conditions.
This section describes the methods and results of the re-interpretation, and resource estimation completed in February 2015. This new model was used to report EOY2014 resources/reserves at La Libertad.
13.7.1 Database
The data used for estimation of the San Juan resource model are summarized in Table 13-37. The final database for this study was issued on March 12th, 2013. All coordinates are in UTM WGS84 zone 16 north. No drilling has occurred at San Juan since 2012.
Holes 84001 to 84018 were not used due to poor location data. Holes PCR-047 to PCR-051 were also excluded due to poor reconciliation with recent, higher confidence data.
B2Gold Corp. | 13-43 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-33 Drill Database for San Juan Deposit
Year | Type | Holes | Meters | Company | Comment |
1984 | DDH | 18 | 2,353 | Not Used | |
1995 | RC | 5 | 485 | Greenstone | Not Used |
2008 | DDH | 30 | 4,166 | Greenstone | |
2010 | DDH | 32 | 4,618 | B2Gold | |
2011 | DDH | 3 | 593 | B2Gold | |
2012 | DDH | 15 | 2,217 | B2Gold | |
Total | DDH&RC | 103 | 14,432 |
The San Juan trend forms a vein and stockwork system trending 140° and dipping sub-vertically 80-90° to the NNW. Stockwork zones average 12m wide, with a range from 10-20m. Au grades in the stockwork zones are generally 0.1 -0.5 g/t Au with occasional spikey values.
Massive veins/vein breccias within the stockwork envelopes have an average true width of about 3m with a range of 1-11m. Higher gold grades are associated with vuggy, drusy and banded quartz veins.
Host rocks are moderately altered immediately adjacent to the stockwork and veining zones. Alteration types are typically silica and argillic with minor amounts of propylitic.
Surface saprolite alteration is developed to a depth of approximately 15-20m.
B2Gold Corp. | 13-44 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-23 Cross Section of San Juan Deposit (Looking East)
13.7.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
A full exploratory data analysis study was performed on the drillhole database. Very few logged parameters correlated with gold grades. In fact, the final conclusion of the study indicates that QZBH and QZVN are the best indicators of higher grade mineralization. QZST and QZVT were good indicators of lower grade mineralization.
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Given the high CV of Au values in the QZBH/QZVN rock types, further domaining was investigated. The only logged parameter that showed grade differentiation was the quartz type (texture) codes. Of these the banded, drusy, and vuggy codes indicated higher gold grades. However these did not provide reliable zonation within the vein so grade was used as a further aid to subdivide the QZBH/QZVN domain.
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-24 Cumulative Frequency Distributions by Rock Type – San Juan
13.7.3 Interpretation of 3-D Solids
Interpretations of quartz-stockwork (QZST) and quartz-vein/breccia (QZBH) were created on approximately 25m spaced vertical cross sections based on logged rock type, quartz vein percent, and Au grade. These interpretations were reconciled on levels, then sections were adjusted. This process was repeated several times until a suitable 3-D interpretation was completed. The sectional interpretations were linked to create wireframe solids of the QZBH and QZST units.
As a check on volume and comparison purposes, a parallel wireframing exercise was completed in Leapfrog Geo. The two versions of the wireframes compare very well.
Weathering surfaces were created by calculating the vertical thickness of weathering units in drillholes and interpolating this thickness into a 3 x 3m grid that covers the extent of the deposit area. This thickness was then subtracted from topography to produce 3D surfaces of the bottom of colluvium, bottom of saprolite and bottom of saprock.
The top portions of the deposit have been previously mined. In addition, local artisanal miners have been active on the San Juan vein in recent years. The small miners are not pumping water, so the depth of their activity is limited by the current water table, which is approximately equivalent to the “Jackson Tunnel” at an elevation of 440m.
13.7.4 Capping and Compositing
Capping was determined using decile and probability plots. The high grade outliers were flagged and viewed graphically to ensure they don’t form a distinct domain by location or shoot. A single high grade pod was observed and treated as a separate domain for capping.
Capping was applied to assays prior to compositing:
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La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-34 San Juan Capping Values
DOMAIN |
Numeric Code |
Cap Au-g/t |
Cap Ag-g/t |
HG/Vein Domain 1 |
2000 |
20.0 |
45.0 |
HG/Vein Domain 2 |
2000 |
50.0 |
75.0 |
Stock | 3000 | 2.50 | 15.0 |
Waste | 4000 | 2.50 | 10.0 |
Fill | 8000 | 3.50 | 27.0 |
Colluvium | 7000 | 2.00 | 4.0 |
A downhole composite length of 2m was chosen based on proposed mining method (and SMU), grade variability across the zones and the thickness of the zones. New composites were started at each of the tagged zone intervals. Composite lengths were allowed to vary a small amount within intervals to avoid the problem of small “residual” composites at the end of intervals.
Figure 13-25 Composite Statistics by Domain
13.7.5 Block Model
A sub-celled block model was created that extends well beyond current drilling in anticipation of pit optimization. Table 13-35 shows the block model parameters.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-48 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 13-35 San Juan Block Model Parameters
X | Y | Z | |
Model Origin | 698,870.0 | 1,351,520.0 | 300.0 |
Block Size | 6.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 |
Number | 290 | 270 | 45 |
Rotation | 40° Counter-clockwise about z Axis |
13.7.6 Density
Density (specific gravity) was applied to the model based on a combination of rock type and weathering intensity. The following table lists the SG applied to each sub-domain. Obvious erroneous data was removed from the dataset prior to calculating averages. Sub-domains without sample representation were estimated based on regression from other domains or general assumptions based on material type.
Table 13-36 Density Values by Rock Type and Weathering
Material | Weathering | Number | SG |
Vein/breccia | Saprolite | 0 | 1.70 |
Saprock | 10 | 2.20 | |
Fresh | 35 | 2.54 | |
Stockwork | Saprolite | 0 | 1.70 |
Saprock | 0 | 2.20 | |
Fresh | 74 | 2.50 | |
Bedrock | Saprolite | 0 | 1.70 |
Saprock | 0 | 2.20 | |
Fresh | 244 | 2.55 | |
Colluvium | 0 | 1.70 | |
Gallery/Fill | 0 | 1.90 |
The modeled mined out areas have poor or no recovery and varying portions of fill and voids. To apply SG to this material, the fill density was applied then factored by the estimated recovery %. So, an interval with 50% recovery in galleries would be given an SG of 1.9*50%=0.95t/m 3.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-49 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 13-26 Vertical long section (looking North) of mined out sectors (MOSECT) with drill hole pierce points
13.7.7 Grade Estimation
13.7.7.1 Variography
A full suite of variograms were created for each estimation domain and estimated grade. Where Variograms were too poor to model, estimates of ranges were made based on observation of grade continuity and comparison to other model-able domains and orientations.
Note that the variograms are based on normal score and were back-transformed to obtain the values in the table below.
Table 13-37 Gold Variograms - San Juan Model
DOMAIN | NUGGET | C1 | RANGE1 | C2 | RANGE2 | ||||
STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | STRIKE | DIP | ACROSS | ||||
2000 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 95 | 60 | 15 | 0.3 | 135 | 95 | 30 |
3000 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 65 | 90 | 15 | 0.2 | 160 | 125 | 30 |
8000 | 0.25 | 0.65 | 120 | 40 | 12 | 0.1 | 160 | 75 | 25 |
13.7.8 Estimation Method
Datamine’s dynamic anisotropy method adjusts the orientation of the search ellipse, and optionally model variograms, to the local orientation of mineralization wireframes. To mitigate the unwanted effect of very local extreme orientations (e.g. triangle at convergence of two splays), inputs were limited to reasonable values (generally the overall orientation of the stockwork +/-20°) (Table 13-38).
Table 13-38 San Juan Estimation Search Parameters
Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Max | |||||||
Domain | Search (m) | Min | Max | Search (m) | Min | Max | Search (m) | Min | Max | per DH |
All Grade | 60x10x45 | 3 | 10 | 90x15x67.5 | 3 | 10 | 120x20x90 | 1 | 10 | 2 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-50 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Hard boundary conditions were used between each of the estimation domains.
In the final estimate, average block grades were calculated using 3X2X3 discretization points.
13.7.9 Resource Classification
The San Juan Resource was classified according to the criteria in Table 13-39. Polygons were drawn on long sections around contiguous areas that meet the criteria and applied to the block model for final resource classification
Table 13-39 San Juan Resource Classification Criteria
Category | B2-Criteria |
Inferred | Contiguous areas of ~60m drill spacing. |
Other | All other estimated blocks |
13.7.10 Model Validation
Grade estimates were validated using 4 methods:
Visual comparison of block grades to composites on section and level
Comparison of global block statistics for the NN, ID2 and OK models
Swath plots to examine positional differences between NN, ID2 and OK models
Only Inferred blocks were used for validation.
13.7.10.1 Visual Comparison
Blocks were compared to composite grades on sections and levels using paper sections and on screen. The following observations are made:
Local grade variability is sometimes high and at times it’s difficult to compare blocks and composites, however in general block grades represent composites quite well.
The use of dynamic anisotropy for search ellipse orientation follows the geology wireframes very well.
The model appears to be moderately smoothed, in places creating an overestimate compared to composites, and in other places creating an underestimate. On balance the interpolation seems to create an accurate representation of the ore body while averaging out extremes.
13.7.10.2 Comparison Block Statistics
Kriged block statistics were compared to the NN model as a representation of de-clustered composites to determine if any global biases were introduced during the estimate. The ID2 model is also presented for comparison.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-51 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Inferred kriged grades are within 10% of the NN grades. These are within reasonable limits and suggest that a material bias is not present in the model. The higher grade in the kriged vein model is partially due to over-projection of low grade in the NN model (Table 13-40).
Table 13-40 San Juan Grade Interpolation Method Comparison
13.7.10.3 Swath Plots
Swath plots (plots of average grade by coordinate axis) were created to compare the different estimation methods to determine if any more local problems occur with the estimates.
Figure 13-27 San Juan Gold Swath Plot East-West
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-52 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
As can be seen in Figure 13-27 the various models compare very well. As expected, the OK model shows the highest degree of smoothing, while the NN shows the least.
13.7.11 San Juan Underground Resource
The undiluted resource at San Juan in areas unaffected by mining (MOSECT 4) is:
Table 13-41 Underground Resource at San Juan
Classification |
Cutoff g/t |
Tonnes |
Au g/t |
Au cont Oz |
Inferred | 2.40 | 219,990 | 5.81 | 41,108 |
Figure 13-28 Grade tonnage curve comparing different interpolation methods
13.8 Mineral Resource Tabulation
La Libertad contains both open pit and underground Mineral Resources. The open pit Mineral Resources at La Libertad have been constrained by Whittle™ economic pit limits. The underground Mineral Resources are constrained by grade and continuity to demonstrate that they have the reasonable probability to be economically viable. They are presented in Table 13-42. Gustavson has reviewed the Mineral Resource estimates at La Libertad and accepts that these estimates meet the standards for NI43-101 Mineral Resources according to their classification. The effective date of the Mineral Resource Estimate is December 31, 2014.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-53 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not demonstrate economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted to Mineral Reserves. The quantity and grade or quality is an estimate and is rounded to reflect the fact that it is an approximation. Quantities may not sum due to rounding.
Table 13-42 La Libertad Mineral Resource
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut-off | kTonnes | Au-g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Indicated | OP | 0.60 | 2,091.3 | 2.10 | 141.48 |
Jabali Central | Indicated | OP | 0.73 | 1,982.0 | 3.01 | 191.52 |
Jabali Antenna | Indicated | OP | 0.73 | 1,329.3 | 4.57 | 195.20 |
Spent Ore | Indicated | OP | 0.76 | 4,365.5 | 0.87 | 122.11 |
TOTAL | Indicated | 9,768.1 | 2.07 | 650.31 | ||
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut-off | kTonnes | Au-g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Inferred | OP | 0.60 | 181.7 | 2.41 | 14.09 |
Jabali Central | Inferred | OP | 0.73 | 449.3 | 3.09 | 44.64 |
Jabali Antenna | Inferred | OP | 0.73 | 423.3 | 3.38 | 46.04 |
Los Angeles | Inferred | OP | 0.65 | 207.6 | 2.57 | 17.18 |
Spent Ore | Inferred | OP | 0.66 | 2,440.0 | 0.70 | 55.00 |
SUBTOTAL | INFERRED | Open Pit | 3,701.9 | 1.49 | 176.95 | |
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut-off | kTonnes | Au-g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 497.4 | 3.79 | 60.68 |
Jabali Central | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 620.1 | 3.28 | 65.36 |
Jabali Antenna | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 1,094.7 | 4.72 | 165.99 |
San Juan | Inferred | UG | 2.40 | 210.9 | 6.13 | 41.53 |
SUBTOTAL | INFERRED | Underground | 2,423.1 | 4.28 | 333.56 |
Notes: | |
(1) |
Mineral Resources are inclusive of Mineral Reserves. |
(2) |
All open pit Mineral Resources for Libertad are reported within $1,500 per ounce gold pit shells and above various cut-off grades, 0.73 g/t for Jabali, Antenna and Central zones, 0.65 g/t for Los Angeles and 0.60g/t for Mojon. Underground Mineral Resources for Jabali and Mojon are reported outside resource pit shells and above a cut-off grade of 2.4 g/t gold. San Juan Mineral Resources are reported outside the area of small miner activity and above a gold cutoff grade of 2.4 g/t/. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have a demonstrated economic viability. Due to the uncertainty which may be attached to Inferred Mineral Resources, it cannot be assumed that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource will be upgraded to an Indicated or measured Mineral Resources as a result of continued exploration. |
(3) |
Mineral Resources numbers have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate and numbers may not add due to rounding. |
13.9 Resource Estimate Risk Factors
Gustavson is unaware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing, political or other factors that will materially affect the Mineral resource estimates for the five areas documented above. Some areas of uncertainty that could materially affect the Mineral resource estimates include the following:
Precious metal pricing.
Geological interpretations.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 13-54 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Structural interpretations.
Pit slope angles.
Geotechnical assumptions related to slope stability.
Au/Ag recovery assumptions.
Dilution considerations.
Estimates of operating costs used to support reasonable cutoff grades.
13.10 Recommendations
Gustavson recommends the following works to enhance the Mineral resource estimate.
Monitor model to mine reconciliation and determine if model is performing to desired levels.
Compare model to additional drilling and assess whether an update to the model is required.
Use vein type codes if enough coverage is available.
Perform a change of support study to determine if any corrections to the model are required and if the current level of smoothing is appropriate.
Additional drilling to upgrade the current Inferred Mineral Resource to Indicated and to expand the Mineral Resource.
Further evaluate moving the existing Los Angeles mill.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 14-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
14 MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATE (ITEM 15)
14.1 Conversion Assumptions, Parameters and Methods
The Mineral Reserve is determined by the use of the Whittle™ economic pit limit software. The algorithm is run on a diluted block model created by use of an algorithm created by Donald E. Cameron, a Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101 an independent consultant to B2Gold. This algorithm and the mine designs were reviewed by Mr. Donald E. Hulse, a Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101. Mr. Hulse confirms that the amount of dilution, the parameters (based on La Libertad production history) and the designs meet CIM standards.
The Mineral Reserves shown in Table 14-2 are contained within the current ultimate pit designs. B2Gold personnel have designed the pits and Gustavson has reviewed the work. The pit slope designs for Jabali are based on a 2012 study by Knight Piesold Ltd. of North Bay, Ontario. The designs for the other pits were based on work performed by DCR Ingenieros S.R.Ltda. of Lima Peru in 2007 with continuing work done by the same engineer, David Cordova Rojas, a Geomechanical Consultant. This work resulted in certain adjustments to pit slopes in the saprolites due to early mining experience. Examination of these pits during Gustavson’s site visit indicated no problems with the current designs.
14.2 Relevant Factors
The mine is currently in production so all productivities, costs and recoveries are based on actual performance in 2014. The pit limits are based upon the current La Libertad operating plan and all pits and roads are in existence. The economic parameters used for pit design are shown in Table 14-1.
Table 14-1 Economic Parameters for Pit Design
Common Economic Parameters | |
Gold Price | $1,300 / oz |
Processing Gold Recovery | 94.00% |
% of Gross Gold and Silver Value Payable | 99.57% |
Total Refining, Transportation Costs | $0.39 / t-o |
Processing Cost | $15.26 / t-o |
Site General | $4.34 / t-o |
Tailings Facility | $1.80 / t-o |
Haulage Cost | Waste | Ore |
Mojon | $2.32 / t-w | $1.76 / t-o |
Spent Ore | $0.00 / t-w | $0.82 / t-o |
Jabali Antenna | $1.78 / t-w | $7.53 / t-o |
Jabali Central | $1.78 / t-w | $7.53 / t-o |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 14-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
14.3 Mineral Reserve Tabulations
The Mineral Reserve at La Libertad includes material from three open pits, Mojon, Jabali Central and Jabali Antenna and a total for Spent Ore sourced from previously heap leached material. The effective date of the Mineral Reserve Estimate is December 31, 2014.
Table 14-2 La Libertad Mineral Reserves
Deposit Name | Res Class | Type | Cut-off | kTonnes | Au-g/t | kOz Au |
Mojon | Probable | OP | 0.69 | 911.1 | 1.51 | 44.23 |
Jabali Central | Probable | OP | 0.84 | 2,159.2 | 2.74 | 190.21 |
Jabali Antenna | Probable | OP | 0.84 | 501.1 | 4.20 | 67.67 |
Spent Ore | Probable | OP | 0.76 | 4,365.5 | 0.87 | 122.11 |
TOTAL | Probable | 7,936.9 | 1.66 | 424.22 |
Notes: | |
(1) |
Mineral Reserves reported at a $1300per ounce gold price within design pits. |
(2) |
Cut-off grades and design pits based on 2015 budget costs. |
(3) |
Mineral Reserves reported are fully diluted. The amount of dilution applied varies by deposit. |
(4) |
Mineral Reserves are reported above a cut-off grade as listed in the above table (table 14-2) |
(5) |
Mineral Reserves numbers have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate and numbers may not add due to rounding. |
Gustavson considers the risk to be low that the above Mineral Reserve estimates could be affected by mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting or other relevant factors. The Jabali Antenna mining permit has been submitted and approval/receipt is expected in the first or second quarter of 2015. Other permits have been granted is a timely manner and Gustavson believes that there is minimal risk in the granting of this permit. The greatest risk is in metal prices
The conclusion of minimal risk is based on the long and profitable production history at La Libertad and the commitment of B2Gold to running the operations at above industry standards. This does not, however, mean that unforeseen changes could have either positive or negative effects on the Reserves in the future.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
15 MINING METHODS (ITEM 16)
15.1 Current Mining Method
La Libertad is a conventional surface mining operation utilizing small to mid-size equipment to drill, blast, excavate, and remove ore and waste from several active open pits. The mill processes 6050 mtpd which includes reprocessing spent heap leach ore; the latter varies from 2150 to 5000 mtpd. The current life of mine plan ends in year 2018; current Reserves have a waste to ore strip ratio of 13.2 to 1, not including reprocessing spent ores.
Drilling, blasting and ore control are performed by DESMINIC personnel. Loading and haulage of both ore and waste are performed by a contractor, Constructora Santa Fe Limitada (SANTA FE). The SANTA FE contract was originally signed on September 1, 2009, with 9 addenda, extending the term of contract to date. Based upon the 9th addendum to the contract, signed on November 8, 2013, the agreement continues until December 1, 2016.
15.2 Relevant Information
The La Libertad property has a mining history dating back to the 1900s under various owners. Prior to B2Gold’s purchase of the property in early 2009, the majority of the ores were processed by cyanide heap leaching. Because of poor recoveries (<40%), B2Gold built and began operating a conventional mill in 2009. Approximately 55% of the current life of mine Reserve is spent heap leach material which will be reprocessed in the existing mill.
Table 15-1 shows the planned production for 2014 versus the measured mill feed. The overall ore tonnage is very close to planned and the head grade is slightly higher than planned. Gustavson feels that this represents conclusive evidence that the resource estimation and planning process at La Libertad are accurate and effective.
Table 15-1 2014 Actual Production
MINE PRODUCTION ADJUSTED |
2014 |
||||
ALL PIT | Actual | Budget | Var | ||
ALL PIT | TOTAL MINED ORE | TM | 2,093,417 | 2,167,649 | 97% |
MINED GRADE | gpt | 2.33 | 2.16 | 108% | |
OUNCES | 156,711 | 150,639 | 104% | ||
STRIPPING RATIO | TM/TM | 9.63 | 8.53 | 113% | |
MOJON | |||||
MOJON | TOTAL MINED ORE | TM | 1,253,838 | 1,064,457 | 118% |
MINED GRADE | gpt | 1.86 | 1.72 | 108% | |
OUNCES | 75,088 | 58,961 | 127% | ||
TOTAL STRIPPING RATIO | TM/TM | 8.62 | 6.95 | 124% | |
JABALI | |||||
JABALI | TOTAL MINED ORE | TM | 355,683 | 313,058 | 114% |
MINED GRADE | gpt | 2.19 | 2.25 | 97% | |
OUNCES | 25,048 | 22,657 | 111% | ||
TOTAL STRIPPING RATIO | TM/TM | 20.09 | 27.33 | 74% |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
15.3 Relevant Parameters
Design of the ultimate pit and pit shells are based on Whittle Lerchs-Grossmann shell analysis and included access ramps. Parameters are shown in Table 14-1 above. Other pit design parameters which include pit slope angles are summarized in Table 15-2 and Table 15-3.
Table 15-2 La Libertad pit design parameters
Parameter | Value |
Pit ramp width (m) | 20 |
Pit ramp maximum gradient (%) | 10 |
Minimum layback width(m) | 20 |
Table 15-3 La Libertad pit slope design parameters
Domain |
Bench Face Angle (°) |
Bench Width (m) |
Bench Height (m) |
Inter-ramp Angle (°) |
Saprolite and Saprock | 60 | 6 | 6 (single bench) | 32 |
Hanging Wall | 70 | 9.5 | 18 (triple bench) | 48 |
Foot Wall | 70 | 9.5 | 18 (triple bench) | 48 |
Mineralized and Altered Zones (Central pit) | 70 | 9.5 | 18 (triple bench) | 48 |
Mineralized and Altered Zones* | 70 | 12 | 12 (double bench) | 36 |
* assumes no depressurization
15.4 Production Rates, Mine Life, Unit Dimensions and Dilution
Production from La Libertad comes from the Mojon, Jabali Antenna and Jabali Central open pits and the spent heap leach ore at an annual ore production rate of 6050 mtpd. The life of mine schedule extends from 2015 to 2018 with 7.9 million tonnes of ore containing 394,180 troy ounces of gold and 47.3 million tonnes of waste. The mine has an overall stripping ratio of 6.0 to 1.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 15-4 shows the annual life of mine production schedule for all open pits and the spent heap leach ore pile.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 15-4 La Libertad Life of Mine Schedule
Year | |||||
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | TOTAL | |
Mojon | |||||
Ore tonnes | 911,066 | 911,066 | |||
Gold Grade (gpt) | 1.51 | 1.51 | |||
Waste tonnes | 5,800,302 | 5,800,302 | |||
mtpd (ore) | 2,496 | 2,496 | |||
Strip Ratio | 6.4 | 6.4 | |||
Jabali Antenna Pit | |||||
Ore tonnes | 238,031 | 263,087 | 501,118 | ||
Gold Grade (gpt) | 4.09 | 4.30 | 4.20 | ||
Waste tonnes | 3,553,455 | 2,197,239 | 5,750,694 | ||
mtpd (ore) | 652 | 721 | 686 | ||
Strip Ratio | 14.9 | 8.4 | 11.5 | ||
Jabali | |||||
Ore tonnes | 273,255 | 532,740 | 957,711 | 395,512 | 2,159,218 |
Gold Grade (gpt) | 2.52 | 2.73 | 2.92 | 2.45 | 2.74 |
Waste tonnes | 9,097,273 | 14,389,088 | 10,583,962 | 1,642,299 | 35,712,622 |
mtpd (ore) | 749 | 1,460 | 2,624 | 1,084 | 1,691 |
Strip Ratio | 33.3 | 27.0 | 11.1 | 4.2 | 16.5 |
Spent Heap Leach Ore | |||||
Ore tonnes | 785,898 | 1,412,423 | 1,250,539 | 916,640 | 4,365,500 |
Gold Grade (gpt) | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 |
mtpd (ore) | 2,153 | 3,870 | 3,426 | 2,511 | 2,659 |
TOTALS | |||||
Ore tonnes | 2,208,250 | 2,208,250 | 2,208,250 | 1,312,152 | 7,936,902 |
Gold Grade (gpt) | 1.68 | 1.73 | 1.76 | 1.35 | 1.66 |
Waste tonnes | 18,453,183 | 16,590,197 | 10,587,388 | 1,644,810 | 47,275,578 |
mtpd (ore) | 6,050 | 6,050 | 6,050 | 7,210 | 6,215 |
Strip Ratio | 8.4 | 7.5 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 6.0 |
15.5 Mine Design and layout
The existing arrangement of the Mojon pit and the process area is shown in Figure 15-1. The Jabali area is shown in Figure 15-2.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-5 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 15-1 Mojon Area General Arrangement
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-6 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 15-2 Jabali Area General Arrangement
15.6 Development Requirements
La Libertad is in production and thus no preproduction requirements are needed.
15.7 Mining Fleet and Requirements
B2Gold supplies personnel and equipment related to drill and blast services, consumables management and technical services. Mine contractor DESMINIC supplies labor and equipment for ore and waste haulage from the mines to the mill and stockpile.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 15-7 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
The equipment currently in use at La Libertad is summarized in Table 15-5. Gustavson agrees that this fleet meets the production needs.
Table 15-5 Mobile Equipment Fleet
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT | |
Track Excavator | 24 |
Back Hoe | 4 |
Articulated Truck | 36 |
Rigid Frame Truck | 14 |
Motor Grader | 5 |
Tractor/Dozer | 11 |
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT | |
Water Truck | 6 |
Lube Truck | 2 |
Tire Handler | 4 |
Fuel Truck | 4 |
Welder | 2 |
Light Plant | 13 |
Compactor | 5 |
Generator | 2 |
Utility Truck | 9 |
PERSONNEL TRANSPORT | |
Bus | 5 |
Pick Up | 24 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 16-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
16 RECOVERY METHODS (ITEM 17)
16.1 Operation Results
B2Gold completed 100% acquisition of Central Sun in March 2009. The primary assets acquired by B2Gold included the Limon Mine (95%) and La Libertad (100%) in Nicaragua. The La Libertad mill was expanded in 2013 to process about 6000 mtpd.
With sustained gold recovery at 94% the recovery circuit is very nearly optimized and the plant is well operated. Additional improvements will be limited.
Since it is an operating plant, this section discusses the plant flowsheet and metallurgical recoveries achieved in 2014.
Currently there are 96 employees in mill operations and 79 in mill maintenance.
Gustavson considers that the La Libertad operations are fully operational and have adequate and reliable sources of energy, water and process materials. No additional significant requirements are anticipated from projected future operations.
16.2 Flowsheet
The process flowsheet is given in Figure 16-1. The ore is trucked from the mine to the mill and dumped on to an apron feeder. The coarse material is crushed in a primary jaw crusher and combined with the fines and conveyed to the stockpile.
The coarse ore is sent to the grinding circuit consisting of a SAG mill and two ball mills.
The SAG discharge and the ball mill discharge have a common sump. The material from the sump is pumped to cyclones and the cyclone underflow goes to the ball mills.
The cyclone overflow goes to the thickener. The thickener underflow is pumped to the leach tanks.
The ground ore is leached in eleven tanks with oxygen and cyanide added to tank "0" and tank No. 3. Lead nitrate is also added to leach feed. The leached slurry is processed through a 6-stage CIP circuit where gold and silver soluble values are recovered from solution. The carbon from the first CIP tank is periodically removed and loaded into a special truck and delivered to the ADR plant for stripping, electrowinning and production of gold and silver dore bars. The stripped carbon is reactivated in a rotary kiln and recycled to the CIP circuit.
A general flow diagram of the process plant area is in Figure 16-2.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 16-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 16-1 Process Flow Diagram
16.3 Operating Costs
The operating milling costs for 2014 is given in Table 16-1. The processing cost for 2014 was $13.33/ton of ore. The maintenance cost was $2.75/ton of ore. The G & A for the plant was $4.56/ton of ore. The power price is $0.197/kw. The total cash operating cost per ounce of gold for 2014 was $572.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 16-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 16-1 Mill Operating Costs
Unit Operation |
2014 Cost
($/tonne processed) |
Crush | 0.45 |
Grind | 7.32 |
Thickener | 0.32 |
Leach | 2.34 |
CIP | 0.62 |
ADR | 0.62 |
Electrowinning | 0.25 |
Tailing Disposal | 0.14 |
Detox | 0 |
Met Lab | 0.15 |
Process General/Utilities | 0.96 |
Miscellaneous | 0.29 |
TOTAL | 13.33 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 16-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Figure 16-2 Plant Area General Arrangement
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 17-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
17 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE (ITEM 18)
17.1 Infrastructure and Logistic Requirements
Table 17-1 lists all labor at the La Libertad site in 2015 by department.
Table 17-1 La Libertad Labor
CATEGORY |
NUMBER OF PERSONNEL |
Site General | |
Expatriots | 6 |
Administration | 15 |
Human Resources | 5 |
Information Technology (IT) | 1 |
Accounting | 15 |
Warehousing | 22 |
Environmental | 20 |
Security | 1 |
Health & Safety | 12 |
Medical Clinic | 7 |
Transportation | 6 |
Food & Housing | 24 |
Processing | |
Crushing | 18 |
Grinding | 11 |
Thickening | 7 |
Leaching | 4 |
Carbon in Pulp | 4 |
ADR | 10 |
Electrowinning & Refining | 3 |
Tailings transport | 0 |
Detoxification | 0 |
Met. Laboratory | 5 |
General Labor & Utilities | 34 |
Processing Maintenance | 79 |
Technical Services | |
Engineering | 19 |
Geology | 22 |
Mining | |
Mine General | 8 |
Assay Lab& Maintenance | 23 |
General Maintenance | 12 |
Electrical Systems | 0 |
Operation & Maintenace | 21 |
Drilling | 41 |
Blasting | 15 |
Pumping | 0 |
Construction | 20 |
Total | 490 |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 18-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
18 MARKET STUDIES AND CONTRACTS (ITEM 19)
18.1 Summary of Information
The commodities produced at La Libertad, gold and silver are all traded on various metals exchanges around the world and sold according to market price at the time of the sale. Historic market prices have been used to estimate future pricing.
B2Gold Corp. | 19-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
19 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACT (ITEM 20)
All environmental studies are complete and all permits are in place except the permit to mine in the Jabali Antenna area. This application has been submitted and the permit is pending in the first quarter of 2015. Other permits have not been delayed and B2Gold has cordial relations with the environmental authorities and local communities. A complete list of permits can be found in Section 3.4.
B2Gold has been managing social issues and community stakeholder engagement in and around the region of Santo Domingo for the past three years. Mining of the adjacent Jabali Central Pit commenced in 2014. These continuous efforts to maintain a social license are being applied to the Jabali Antenna project.
Public consultation was undertaken in the following manner:
Local Community: a total of 400 participants attended public and focus group meetings with the stakeholders of Santo Domingo.
National and Regional levels: Consultation meeting with stakeholder and interest parties were held at the national and regional levels
Perceptions, concerns and suggestions raised by the community stakeholders were captured and have formed part of our social management plan.
These preparatory efforts culminated with the signing of agreements with local artisanal miner cooperatives.
B2Gold has worked and is continuing to work closely with the community of Santo Domingo near the Jabali Antenna Project area and has developed a corporate social responsibility (“CSR”) program that benefits all stakeholders. To do so, B2Gold completed a social-economic baseline study of SD to understand the opportunities for social investment programs. To date, B2Gold is supporting community driven projects in public health, education, and the development of small to medium enterprises. Over the last 4 years, we have completed in the order of 30 community development projects that benefit the community of Santo Domingo. Projects included water reservoirs construction, livestock pasture improvement programs, municipal landfill construction, and the award winning milk collection facility requested and managed by the local dairy farmers, among many others.
In late 2014, B2Gold initiated the voluntary resettlement program required in order to move forward with the Jabali Antenna Project. From the start, the establishment of trust-based relationships with the resettlement population was considered to be key to the program’s success. Currently, several of the required individual resettlement agreements have been signed and fluid communication has been maintained with each of the remaining property owners. Permitting and other requirements necessary for the Jabali Antenna Project remain on schedule.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 19-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
B2Gold aims as far as practicable to employ Nicaraguan citizens, both male and female, to work at La Libertad, maximizing those from the local communities. This has benefited Nicaragua in terms of creating jobs and passing on skills.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 20-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
20 CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS (ITEM 21)
20.1 Capital Cost Estimates
20.1.1 Basis for Capital Cost Estimates
Capital cost estimates at La Libertad are based on budgetary numbers for year 2015 and life of mine estimates for years beyond this from past site experience. Mining and site general capital costs include a 15% contingency, while capital processing costs contain a 10% contingency.
Table 20-1 shows the LOM capital expenditures.
Table 20-1 La Libertad Capital Costs
CATETORY |
TOTAL COST
($) |
SURFACE MINING | |
Surface Mining | $9,500,000 |
Sustaining Capital | $3,450,000 |
Purchase Potential Properties | $3,810,504 |
Jabali resettlement | 0 |
Waste Dump Prep & Under Drains | 0 |
Electrical Transmission Line | $1,364,000 |
Pump station and treatment | |
Total Mining Capital | $18,124,504 |
PROCESSING | |
Sustaining Capital | $10,682,123 |
Tailings Storage Facility - 4th Stage | $16,594,580 |
Procure Site for New Tailings Storage Facility | $1,500,000 |
Construct New Tailings Storage Facility | 0 |
Loader | $235,000 |
Total Processing Capital | $29,011,703 |
SITE GENERAL | |
Sustaining Capital | $2,000,000 |
Total Site General | $2,000,000 |
20.2 Operating Cost Estimates
The mining contract with SANTA FE was extended on November 8, 2013. The mining cost for loading and haulage beginning as of December 1, 2013 was US$ 2.752/m 3 including transport up to 1.2km. The ore from Jabalí Central and Jabalí Antenna have an additional charge of $5.80 per ore tonne over haulage costs from the Mojon pit.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 20-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
20.2.1 Basis for Operating Cost Estimates
The Mine began processing ore in the newly constructed mill on December 15 2009; production at the operation has been supported by detailed mine designs, mine schedules and a robust budgeting process. Based on this, Gustavson feels the operating costs are accurate and representative of future project expenditures.
Mine operating costs were developed on a “zero based” approached based on past costs captured from recent mine operations in the categories of drilling, blasting, pit dewatering and ore and waste haulage. General and Administration costs are also included and are composed of engineering, geology, mine general, assay laboratory and general maintenance.
Table 20-2 summarizes the mine operating cost per total tonne by open pit. Section 16-5 discusses processing operating costs.
Table 20-2 La Libertad Mine Operating Cost
Open Pit |
Drilling ($/tonne rock) |
Blasting ($/tonne rock) |
Haulage ($/tonne rock) |
G&A Mining ($/ tonne rock) |
Total Cost ($/ tonne rock) |
Mojon | $0.06 | $0.26 | $2.00 | 0.19* | $2.32 |
Jabali Antenna Pit | $0.00 | $0.00 | $2.37 | $0.16 | $2.53 |
Jabali | $0.11 | $0.25 | $2.20 | $0.19 | $2.75 |
Spent Heap Leach Ore | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.82 | $0.00 | $0.82 |
TOTAL | $0.08 | $0.21 | $2.08 | $0.23 | $2.60 |
* Dewatering cost is for Mojon only and included in G& A Mining cost ($0.01/tonne rock)
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 21-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
21 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (ITEM 22)
21.1 Principal Assumptions
Gustavson’s cash flow model is based on La Libertad’s 2015 budget and life of mine planning and costs for the remaining years. Because many of the costs are based on specific site experience and existing contracts at La Libertad, Gustavson endorses both operating and capital costs.
21.2 Cashflow Forecasts and Annual Production Forecasts
The life of mine economic model is shown in
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 21-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 21-1. Based on the December 31, 2014 Mineral Reserve, mining and processing ceases in year 2018 followed by two years to complete final reclamation work.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 21-3 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Table 21-1 La Libertad Life of Mine Economic Model
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 21-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
21.3 Taxes, Royalties and Other Interests
During the life of mine, taxes account for $33.1 million dollars, while royalty payments are $10.8 million.
21.4 Results
Based on a mine life from 2015 to 2018, the net present value (NPV) of the project at 5 and 8 per cent discount rate is $102.6 and $95.3 million dollars respectively. Table 21-1 is the La Libertad cash flow model. Two additional years (2019 and 2020) beyond mining and milling is required to complete reclamation of the site.
Gustavson has not completed any economic sensitivity analysis since the economics of the project are robust with total operating cash cost of $678 per troy ounce gold.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 22-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
22 ADJACENT PROPERTIES (ITEM 23)
Although there are surrounding mining concessions, none of the current Mineral Resources are near any of the boundaries of the property. All of them are isolated and have been limited by drilling and/or mapping.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 23-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
23 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION (ITEM 24)
There is no other data at this time.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 24-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
24 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS (ITEM 25)
24.1 Results
La Libertad is an operating, profitable, open pit operation. Mineral process plant recoveries are 94%, among the best in the industry, and cash operating costs of $767 per troy ounce gold. Results demonstrate that this will be expected to continue for the balance of the life of mine.
24.2 Significant Risks and Uncertainties
The Mine is current in all of its permits. No social or environmental obstacles have been encountered for the few permits that are necessary to complete the life of mine plan. The largest risk is the market price of gold and silver; however the current operating cost is still well below the market price.
24.2.1 Exploration
B2Gold is currently drilling to investigate the possibility for underground mining in several of the deposit areas. This does not impose any risk on the current mine plan; however it may have a positive impact in the future.
24.2.2 Mineral Resource Estimate
During the remaining life of mine, there will be a significant amount of Inferred Resources within the designed pits. This should represent a positive potential, and further drilling should increase confidence in future Mineral Reserve estimates and future cash flows.
24.2.3 Metallurgy and Processing
The process plant is currently operating efficiently and recovering 94% of the contained gold in the processed ore. With careful review some small cost savings may be achieved.
24.2.4 Projected Economic Outcomes
Risks in economic results are wholly reflected in the market price of gold and silver.
24.2.5 Foreseeable Impacts of Risks
Gustavson foresees no risks at this time sufficient to prevent the completion of the current life of mine plan.
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 25-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
25 RECOMMENDATIONS (ITEM 26)
25.1 Recommended Work Programs
Gustavson recommends the following works which may be able to enhance and optimize the project’s performance.
Monitor model to mine reconciliation and determine if model is performing to desired levels.
Compare model to additional drilling and assess whether an update to the model is required.
Perform a change of support study to determine if any corrections to the model are required and if the current level of smoothing is appropriate.
Additional drilling to upgrade the current Inferred Mineral Resource to the Indicated category and to expand the Mineral resource. See budget below.
Further evaluate moving the existing Los Angeles mill and/or the underground potential of the Los Angeles deposit.
Examine potential savings of expanding reclamation closure activities as the operation nears the end of its operating life.
25.1.1 Costs
The bulk of these work items will be done in the normal course of business by the mine and corporate staff. The additional cost will be the 2015 drilling campaign to upgrade Inferred Resources and increase Resources for both surface and underground potential.
The expected work is estimated to cost $5 million. The 13,100 meters of drilling is distributed according to Table 25-1.
Table 25-1 -- 2015 Drill Recommendations
Target Area | Meters | # Holes | Purpose |
Mojon Central UG | 3,000 | 25 | UG Resource Definition |
Jabali Central West (ramp) | 3,500 | 13 | UG Resource Definition |
Jabali Antenna East | 4,800 | 17 | UG Resource Definition |
Los Angeles | 1,000 | 10 | OP Resource Definition |
Other | 800 | 9 | Condemnation |
TOTAL | 13,100 | 74 |
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B2Gold Corp. | 26-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
26 REFERENCES (ITEM 27)
Scott, B. (2011). NI 43-101 Technical Report - Jabali Project, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua, May 12, 2011 (the “2011 Technical Report”);
Scott Wilson RPA (2008) Technical Report on the Orosi Mine, Nicaragua, prepared for Central Sun Mining, June 26, 2008.;
Pearson, W., Speirs, G. (2009). Technical Report on the Orosi Mine, Nicaragua: 2008 Exploration Program and Mineral Resource Estimate, San Juan Zone, NI 43-101 Report, March 14, 2009.
David Cordova Rojas (2009), Asesoramiento Geomecánico en Mina Orosi, Prepared for B2Gold
Mercer, Robert Ph.D., Knight Piesold Ltd. (2012), Open Pit Slope Design, Prepared for B2Gold
Deschenes, G., BBA (2014), Scoping tests to improve gold and silver leaching from a sample from the Jabali-Antenna Mine, Prepared for B2Gold
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 27-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
27 GLOSSARY
27.1 Mineral Resources
The Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves have been classified according to the “CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves: Definitions and Guidelines” (November 27, 2010). Accordingly, the Resources have been classified as Measured, Indicated or Inferred, the Reserves have been classified as Proven, and Probable based on the Measured and Indicated Resources as defined below.
A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge.
An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes.
An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.
A ‘Measured Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity.
27.2 Mineral Reserves
A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined.
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B2Gold Corp. | 27-2 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
A ‘Probable Mineral Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified.
A ‘Proven Mineral Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified.
27.3 Technical Terms
The following general mining terms may be used in this report.
Table 27.3.1: Technical Terms
Term | Definition | |
Assay: |
The chemical analysis of mineral samples to determine the metal content. | |
Arrastra |
Small artisanal mill | |
Capital Expenditure: |
All other expenditures not classified as operating costs. | |
Composite: |
Combining more than one sample result to give an average result over a larger distance. | |
Concentrate: |
A metal-rich product resulting from a mineral enrichment process such as gravity concentration or flotation, in which most of the desired mineral has been separated from the waste material in the ore. | |
Crushing: |
Initial process of reducing ore particle size to render it more amenable for further processing. | |
Cut-off Grade |
The grade of mineralized rock, which determines as to whether or not it is economic to | |
(CoG): |
recover its gold content by further concentration. | |
Dilution: |
Waste, which is unavoidably mined with ore. | |
Dip: |
Angle of inclination of a geological feature/rock from the horizontal. | |
Fault: |
The surface of a fracture along which movement has occurred. | |
Footwall: |
The underlying side of an orebody or stope. | |
Gangue: |
Non-valuable components of the ore. | |
Grade: |
The measure of concentration of gold within mineralized rock. (g/t unless specified as other units of measure) | |
Hangingwall: |
The overlying side of an orebody or slope. | |
Haulage: |
A horizontal underground excavation which is used to transport mined ore. | |
Hydrocyclone: |
A process whereby material is graded according to size by exploiting centrifugal forces of particulate materials. | |
Igneous: |
Primary crystalline rock formed by the solidification of magma. | |
Kriging: |
An interpolation method of assigning values from samples to blocks that minimizes the estimation error. | |
Level: |
Horizontal tunnel the primary purpose is the transportation of personnel and materials. | |
Lithological: |
Geological description pertaining to different rock types. | |
LoM Plans: |
Life-of-Mine plans. | |
LRP: |
Long Range Plan. | |
Material Properties: |
Mine properties. | |
Milling: |
A general term used to describe the process in which the ore is crushed and ground and subjected to physical or chemical treatment to extract the valuable metals to a concentrate or finished product. | |
Mineral/Mining Lease: |
A lease area for which mineral rights are held. |
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B2Gold Corp. | 27-3 |
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Term | Definition | |
Mining Assets: |
The Material Properties and Significant Exploration Properties. | |
Ongoing Capital: |
Capital estimates of a routine nature, which is necessary for sustaining operations. | |
Ore Reserve: |
See Mineral Reserve. | |
Pillar: |
Rock left behind to help support the excavations in an underground mine. | |
RoM: |
Run-of-Mine. | |
Sedimentary: |
Pertaining to rocks formed by the accumulation of sediments, formed by the erosion of other rocks. | |
Shaft: |
An opening cut downwards from the surface for transporting personnel, equipment, supplies, ore and waste. | |
Sill: |
A thin, tabular, horizontal to sub-horizontal body of igneous rock formed by the injection of magma into planar zones of weakness. | |
Smelting: |
A high temperature pyrometallurgical operation conducted in a furnace, in which the valuable metal is collected to a molten matte or doré phase and separated from the gangue components that accumulate in a less dense molten slag phase. | |
Stope: |
Underground void created by mining. | |
Stratigraphy: |
The study of stratified rocks in terms of time and space. | |
Strike: |
Direction of line formed by the intersection of strata surfaces with the horizontal plane, always perpendicular to the dip direction. | |
Sulfide: |
A sulfur bearing mineral. | |
Tailings: |
Finely ground waste rock from which valuable minerals or metals have been extracted. | |
Thickening: |
The process of concentrating solid particles in suspension. | |
Total Expenditure: |
All expenditures including those of an operating and capital nature. | |
Variogram: |
A statistical representation of the characteristics (usually grade). |
27.4 Definition of Terms
The following abbreviations may be used in this report.
Table 27.4.1: Abbreviations
Abbreviation | Unit or Term | |
A | ampere | |
AA | atomic absorption | |
A/m2 | amperes per square meter | |
ANFO | ammonium nitrate fuel oil | |
Ag | Silver | |
Au | Gold | |
AuEq | gold equivalent grade | |
°C | degrees Centigrade | |
CCD | counter-current decantation | |
CIL | carbon-in-leach | |
CoG | cut-off grade | |
cm | centimeter | |
cm2 | square centimeter | |
cm3 | cubic centimeter | |
cfm | cubic feet per minute | |
ConfC | confidence code | |
CRec | core recovery | |
CSS | closed-side setting | |
CTW | calculated true width | |
cv | Co-variance | |
° | degree (degrees) |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | 27-4 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Abbreviation | Unit or Term | |
dia. | diameter | |
dmt | dry metric tonnes | |
$ | United States Dollar | |
EIS | Environmental Impact Statement | |
EMP | Environmental Management Plan | |
FA | fire assay | |
ft | foot (feet) | |
ft2 | square foot (feet) | |
ft3 | cubic foot (feet) | |
g | Gram | |
gal | gallon | |
g/L | gram per liter | |
g-mol | gram-mole | |
gpm | gallons per minute | |
g/t | grams per tonne | |
gpt | Grams per tonne | |
Ha or ha | hectares | |
HDPE | Height Density Polyethylene | |
hp | horsepower | |
HTW | horizontal true width | |
ICP | induced couple plasma | |
ID2 | inverse-distance squared | |
ID3 | inverse-distance cubed | |
IFC | International Finance Corporation | |
ILS | Intermediate Leach Solution | |
kA | kiloamperes | |
kg | kilograms | |
km | kilometer | |
km2 | square kilometer | |
koz | thousand troy ounce | |
kt | thousand tonnes | |
kt/d | thousand tonnes per day | |
kt/y | thousand tonnes per year | |
kV | kilovolt | |
kW | kilowatt | |
kWh | kilowatt-hour | |
kWh/t | kilowatt-hour per metric tonne | |
L | Liter | |
L/sec | liters per second | |
L/sec/m | liters per second per meter | |
lb | pound | |
LHD | Long-Haul Dump truck | |
LLDDP | Linear Low Density Polyethylene Plastic | |
LOI | Loss On Ignition | |
LoM | Life-of-Mine | |
m | Meter | |
m2 | square meter | |
m3 | cubic meter | |
masl | meters above sea level | |
MARN | Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources | |
max | maximum value | |
MDA | Mine Development Associates | |
mg/L | milligrams/liter | |
min | minimum value | |
mm | millimeter |
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B2Gold Corp. | 27-5 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Abbreviation | Unit or Term | |
mm2 | square millimeter | |
mm3 | cubic millimeter | |
MME | Mine & Mill Engineering | |
Moz | million troy ounces | |
Mt | million tonnes | |
mtpd | Metric tonnes per day | |
MTW | measured true width | |
MW | million watts | |
m.y. | million years | |
NGO | non-governmental organization | |
NI 43-101 | Canadian National Instrument 43-101 | |
OSC | Ontario Securities Commission | |
Oz or Oz | troy ounce | |
% | percent | |
PLC | Programmable Logic Controller | |
PLS | Pregnant Leach Solution | |
PMF | probable maximum flood | |
Ppb or PPB | parts per billion | |
ppm | parts per million | |
QA/QC | Quality Assurance/Quality Control | |
RC | rotary circulation drilling | |
RoM | Run-of-Mine | |
RQD | Rock Quality Description | |
SEC | U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission | |
sec | second | |
SG | specific gravity (tonnes per cubic meter) | |
SPT | standard penetration testing | |
st | short ton (2,000 pounds) | |
stpd | short tons per day | |
Std Dev | standard deviation | |
t | tonne (metric ton) (2,204.6 pounds) | |
t-w | tonnes waste | |
t-o | tonnes ore | |
t/h | tonnes per hour | |
t/d | tonnes per day | |
t/y | tonnes per year | |
TM | Metric tonnes | |
TM/TM | Metric tonnes/metric tonnes (stripping ratio) | |
TSF | tailings storage facility | |
TSP | total suspended particulates | |
µm | micron or microns | |
V | Volts | |
var | variance | |
VFD | variable frequency drive | |
W | Watt | |
XRD | x-ray diffraction | |
y | Year |
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B2Gold Corp. | 27-1 |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
Appendix A
Certificates of Authors
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | Certificates of Authors |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
DONALD E. HULSE, P.E.
Vice President
Gustavson Associates, LLC
274 Union Boulevard,
Suite 450
Lakewood, Colorado 80228
Telephone: 720-407-4062
Facsimile: 720-407-4067
Email: dhulse@gustavson.com
CERTIFICATE of AUTHOR
I, Donald E. Hulse do hereby certify that:
1. |
I am currently employed as VP of Mining by Gustavson Associates, LLC at: |
274 Union Boulevard
Suite 450
Lakewood, Colorado 80228
2. |
I am a graduate of the Colorado School of Mines with a Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering (1982), and have practiced my profession continuously since 1983. | |
3. |
I am a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Colorado (35269), and a registered member of the Society of Mining Metallurgy & Exploration (1533190RM). | |
4. |
I have worked as a mining engineer for a total of 30 years since my graduation from university; as an employee of a major mining company, a major engineering company, and as a consulting engineer. I have performed resource estimation and mine planning on numerous precious and base metals deposits for over 11 mining companies in three countries working as a consultant as well as an engineer or engineering manager for the Projects | |
5. |
I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101. |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | Certificates of Authors |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
6. |
I am responsible for the preparation of the technical report entitled “NI 43-101 Technical Report, La Libertad Mine, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua,” dated March 27, 2015, with an effective date of December 31, 2014, (the “Technical Report”), with specific responsibility for Sections 1 through 4, 13 through 15, and 17 through 26. I most recently visited the property on February 9 to 10, 2015 for 2 days. | |
7. |
I have not had prior involvement with the property that is the subject of this Technical Report. | |
8. |
I am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Section 1.5 of National Instrument 43-101. | |
9. |
I have read National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument and form. | |
10. |
I consent to the filing of the Technical Report with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them for regulatory purposes, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public, of the Technical Report. | |
11. |
As of the effective date of this report, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading. |
Dated this 27th day of March, 2015 | |
/s/ (Signature) | |
Signature of Qualified Person | |
Donald E. Hulse . | |
Print name of Qualified Person |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | Certificates of Authors |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
DEEPAK MALHOTRA, PhD
President
Resource Development, Inc.
11475 West I-70 Front
Road North
Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033
Telephone: (303)
422-1176 Facsimile: (303) 424-8580
Email: deepak@rdiminerals.com
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHOR
I, Deepak Malhotra, PhD do hereby certify that:
1. |
I am President of: |
Resource Development, Inc. (RDi)
11475 W. I-70 Frontage Road North
Wheat Ridge, CO, USA, 80033
2. |
I graduated with a degree in Master of Science from Colorado School of Mines in 1973. In addition, I have obtained a PhD in Mineral Economics from Colorado School of Mines in 1977. |
3. |
I am a registered member of the Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. (SME), member No. 2006420RM. |
4. |
I have worked as a Metallurgist/Mineral Economist for a total of 40 years since my graduation from university; as an employee of several mining companies, an engineering company, a mine development and mine construction company, an exploration company, and as a consulting engineer. |
5. |
I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43- 101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101. |
6. |
I am responsible for the preparation of the technical report entitled “NI 43-101 Technical Report, La Libertad Mine, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua,” dated March 27, 2015, with an effective date of December 31, 2014, (the “Technical Report”), with specific responsibility for Sections 12 and 16. I most recently visited the property on February 9 to 10, 2015 for 2 days. |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | Certificates of Authors |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
7. |
I have had prior involvement with the property that is the subject of this Technical Report. In 2008 I performed metallurgical testing and process flow design for Central Sun Mining for the purpose of converting the mine from a heap leach to a mill and vat leach system. |
8. |
I am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Section 1.5 of National Instrument 43-101. |
9. |
I have read National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument and form. |
10. |
I consent to the filing of the Technical Report with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them for regulatory purposes, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public, of the Technical Report. |
11. |
As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading. |
Dated this 27th day of March, 2015 | |
/s/ (Signature) | |
Signature of Qualified Person | |
Deepak Malhotra | |
Print name of Qualified Person |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | Certificates of Authors |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
William J. Crowl
Associate Principal Geologist
Gustavson Associates, LLC
274 Union Boulevard,
Suite 450
Lakewood, Colorado 80228
Telephone: 720-407-4062
Facsimile: 720-407-4067
Email: wcrowl@gustavson.com
CERTIFICATE of AUTHOR
I, William J. Crowl do hereby certify that:
1. |
I am currently employed as Associate Principal Geologist by Gustavson Associates, LLC at: |
274 Union Boulevard
Suite 450
Lakewood, Colorado 80228
2. |
I am a graduate of the University of Southern California with a Bachelor of Arts in Earth Science (1968), and an MSc in Economic Geology from the University of Arizona in 1979, and have practiced my profession continuously since 1973. | |
3. |
I am a registered Professional Geologist in the State of Oregon (G573) and am a registered member of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America (01412QP). | |
4. |
I have worked as a geologist for a total of 40 years since my graduation from university; as a graduate student, as an employee of a major mining company, a major engineering company, and as a consulting geologist. | |
5. |
I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101. | |
6. |
I am responsible for the preparation of the technical report entitled “NI 43-101 Technical Report, La Libertad Mine, La Libertad Region, Nicaragua,” dated March 27, 2015, with an effective date of December 31, 2014, (the “Technical Report”), with specific responsibility for Sections 5 through 11. I most recently visited the property on February 9 to 10, 2015 for 2 days. |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
B2Gold Corp. | Certificates of Authors |
La Libertad Concession | NI 43-101 Technical Report |
7. |
I have not had prior involvement with the property that is the subject of this Technical Report. | |
8. |
I am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Section 1.5 of National Instrument 43-101. | |
9. |
I have read National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument and form. | |
10. |
I consent to the filing of the Technical Report with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them for regulatory purposes, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public, of the Technical Report. | |
11. |
As of the effective date of this Technical Report, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading |
Dated this 27th day of March, 2015 | |
/s/ (Signature) | |
Signature of Qualified Person | |
William J. Crowl . | |
Print name of Qualified Person |
Gustavson Associates, LLC | March 27, 2015 |
La Lib 43-101 R35.docx |