10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the transition period from                      to                     

ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Maryland	001-34766	26-1908763
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Commission File Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3001 Ocean Drive, Suite 201, Vero Beach, FL  32963

(Address of principal executive offices)(zip code)

(772) 617-4340

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading symbols	Name of Exchange on which registered
Preferred Stock, 7.00% Series C Cumulative Redeemable	ARR-PRC	New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	ARR	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the Registrant’s common stock as of April 25, 2023 was 195,512,577.

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. Financial Information	1
Item 1. Financial Statements	1
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	52
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	55
PART II. Other Information	56
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	56
Item IA. Risk Factors	56
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	56
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	56
Item 5. Other Information	56
Item 6. Exhibits	57
Signatures	58

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	135,445	$	87,284
Cash collateral posted to counterparties	123,882		30,806
Investments in securities, at fair value
Agency Securities (including pledged securities of $11,669,921 ($6,149,464 with BUCKLER) at March 31, 2023 and $7,249,039 at December 31, 2022 ($3,920,706 with BUCKLER))	12,084,711		8,198,591
Derivatives, at fair value	848,572		984,456
Accrued interest receivable	49,730		28,809
Prepaid and other	6,990		2,101
Subordinated loan to BUCKLER	—		105,000
Total Assets	$	13,249,330	$	9,437,047
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements, net (including $5,231,025 and $3,247,474, respectively with BUCKLER)	$	10,554,538	$	6,463,058
Obligations to return securities received as collateral, at fair value (including $101,824 and $100,531, respectively with BUCKLER)	509,121		502,656
Cash collateral posted by counterparties	853,502		963,591
Payable for unsettled purchases	—		353,436
Derivatives, at fair value	61,251		13,016
Accrued interest payable- repurchase agreements (including $21,810 and $9,908, respectively with BUCKLER)	38,831		19,096
Accrued interest payable- U.S. Treasury Securities sold short (including $1,732 and $684, respectively with BUCKLER)	8,660		3,418
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses	8,294		6,404
Total Liabilities	$	12,034,197	$	8,324,675
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8 and Note 14)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized; 7.00% Series C Cumulative Preferred Stock; 6,847 shares issued and outstanding ($25.00 per share liquidation preference)	7		7
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 450,000 and 300,000 shares authorized; 192,003 shares and 162,911 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.	192		163
Additional paid-in capital	4,052,190		3,874,627
Cumulative distributions to stockholders	(2,047,360)		(1,992,361)
Accumulated net loss	(789,896)		(758,537)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—		(11,527)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	$	1,215,133	$	1,112,372
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	13,249,330	$	9,437,047

See financial statement notes (unaudited).

2

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Interest Income:
Interest Income (including $973 and $19, respectively with BUCKLER)	$	118,235	$	33,370
Interest expense (including $49,609 and $1,033, respectively with BUCKLER)	(106,245)		(2,405)
Net Interest Income	$	11,990	$	30,965
Other Income (Loss):
Realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities (reclassified from Comprehensive Income (Loss))	(7,471)		—
Gain (loss) on Agency Securities, trading	120,366		(254,389)
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities	(11,854)		(78,387)
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net (1)	(134,400)		244,604
Total Other Loss	$	(33,359)	$	(88,172)
Expenses:
Management fees	9,244		8,140
Compensation	1,159		1,409
Other Operating	1,237		1,628
Total Expenses	$	11,640	$	11,177
Less management fees waived	(1,650)		(1,950)
Total Expenses after fees waived	$	9,990	$	9,227
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Dividends on preferred stock	(2,995)		(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders	$	(34,354)	$	(69,429)
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities	7,471		—
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale Agency Securities	4,056		(78,538)
Other Comprehensive Income (loss)	11,527		(78,538)
Comprehensive Loss	$	(19,832)	$	(144,972)
Dividends on preferred stock	(2,995)		(2,995)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders	$	(22,827)	$	(147,967)
Net Loss per share related to common stockholders (Note 11):
Basic	$	(0.19)	$	(0.72)
Diluted	$	(0.19)	$	(0.72)
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.28	$	0.30
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	184,587		96,226
Diluted	184,587		96,226

(1) Interest expense related to our interest rate swap contracts is recorded in gain on derivatives, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For additional information, see financial statement Note 7.

See financial statement notes (unaudited).

3

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	Shares		Par
	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders		Accumulated Net Loss		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders'Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021	6,847	94,152	$	7	$	94	$	3,403,127	$	(1,837,955)	$	(528,607)	$	106,973	$	1,143,639
Comprehensive loss	—	—	—		—		—		—		(66,434)		(78,538)		(144,972)
Issuance of common stock, net	—	6,162	—		6		54,430		—		—		—		54,436
Stock based compensation, net of withholding requirements	—	47	—		—		935		—		—		—		935
Preferred stock dividends	—	—	—		—		—		(2,995)		—		—		(2,995)
Common stock dividends	—	—	—		—		—		(29,108)		—		—		(29,108)
Balance, March 31, 2022	6,847	100,361	$	7	$	100	$	3,458,492	$	(1,870,058)	$	(595,041)	$	28,435	$	1,021,935
Balance, December 31, 2022	6,847	162,911	$	7	$	163	$	3,874,627	$	(1,992,361)	$	(758,537)	$	(11,527)	$	1,112,372
Comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—		—		—		—		(31,359)		11,527		(19,832)
Issuance of common stock, net	—	29,863	—		30		181,175		—		—		—		181,205
Stock based compensation, net of withholding requirements	—	72	—		—		692		—		—		—		692
Common stock repurchased	—	(843)	—		(1)		(4,304)		—		—		—		(4,305)
Preferred stock dividends	—	—	—		—		—		(2,995)		—		—		(2,995)
Common stock dividends	—	—	—		—		—		(52,004)		—		—		(52,004)
Balance, March 31, 2023	6,847	192,003	$	7	$	192	$	4,052,190	$	(2,047,360)	$	(789,896)	$	—	$	1,215,133

See financial statement notes (unaudited).

4

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net amortization of premium on Agency Securities	1,122		7,486
Net accretion of U.S. Treasury Securities	132		(801)
Realized loss on sale of Agency Securities, available for sale	7,471		—
Gain (loss) on Agency Securities, trading	(120,366)		254,389
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities	11,854		78,387
Stock based compensation	692		935
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(21,424)		(6,064)
Increase in prepaid and other assets	(4,889)		(917)
Change in derivatives, at fair value	184,119		(354,525)
Increase in accrued interest payable- repurchase agreements	19,735		20
Increase in accrued interest payable- U.S. Treasury Securities sold short	5,242		—
Increase in accounts payable and other accrued expenses	1,890		3,820
Net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities	$	54,219	$	(83,704)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of Agency Securities (includes $57,039 with BUCKLER at March 31, 2023)	(5,317,154)		(1,778,122)
Purchases of U.S. Treasury Securities (includes $155,857 and $592,600, respectively with BUCKLER)	(619,373)		(2,654,611)
Principal repayments of Agency Securities	148,523		131,356
Proceeds from sales of Agency Securities	1,052,878		—
Proceeds from sales of U.S. Treasury Securities (including $154,875 and $767,448, respectively with BUCKLER)	613,852		1,470,125
Disbursements on reverse repurchase agreements, with BUCKLER	(24,678)		—
Receipts from reverse repurchase agreements, with BUCKLER	224,579		—
Increase in cash collateral posted by counterparties	(110,089)		378,598
Proceeds from subordinated loan due from BUCKLER	105,000		—
Net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties used in investing activities	$	(3,926,462)	$	(2,452,654)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses	181,205		46,427
Proceeds from repurchase agreements (including $16,786,834 and $8,914,029, respectively with BUCKLER)	27,517,265		16,191,551
Principal repayments on repurchase agreements (including $(15,003,184) and $(7,504,871), respectively with BUCKLER)	(23,625,686)		(13,699,584)
Series C Preferred stock dividends paid	(2,995)		(2,995)
Common stock dividends paid	(52,004)		(29,108)
Common stock repurchased	(4,305)		—
Net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by financing activities	$	4,013,480	$	2,506,291
(Continued)

5

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net increase in cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties	141,237		(30,067)
Cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties - beginning of period	118,090		356,216
Cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties - end of period	$	259,327	$	326,149
Supplemental Disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	107,680	$	19,398
Non-Cash Investing Activities:
Receivable for unsettled sales	$	—	$	47,713
Payable for unsettled purchases	$	—	$	(687,250)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale Agency Securities	$	4,056	$	(78,538)
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Amounts receivable for issuance of common stock	$	—	$	8,009

See financial statement notes (unaudited).

6

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

Note 1 - Organization and Nature of Business Operations

References to "we," "us," "our," or the "Company" are to ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. ("ARMOUR") and its subsidiaries. References to "ACM" are to ARMOUR Capital Management LP, a Delaware limited partnership. ARMOUR owns a 10.8% equity interest in BUCKLER Securities LLC ("BUCKLER"). BUCKLER is a Delaware limited liability company and a FINRA-regulated broker-dealer, controlled by ACM and certain executive officers of ARMOUR. Refer to the Glossary of Terms for definitions of capitalized terms and abbreviations used in this report. U.S. dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted.

ARMOUR is an externally managed Maryland corporation incorporated in 2008. The Company is managed by ACM, an investment advisor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), (see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies and Note 14 - Related Party Transactions). We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Our qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various complex requirements under the Code relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our distribution levels and the concentration of ownership of our capital stock. We believe that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code and our manner of operations enables us to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to federal income tax on the REIT taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we invested in mortgage backed securities ("MBS"), issued or guaranteed by a United States ("U.S.") Government-sponsored entity ("GSE"), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), or a government agency such as Government National Mortgage Administration ("Ginnie Mae") (collectively, "Agency Securities"). Our Agency Securities consist primarily of fixed rate loans. The remaining are either backed by hybrid adjustable rate or adjustable rate loans. From time to time we have also invested in Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities, Interest-Only Securities, U.S. Treasury Securities and money market instruments.

Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC. Accordingly, the condensed financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the calendar year ending December 31, 2023. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the valuation of MBS, including an assessment of the allowance for credit losses, and derivative instruments. Interest earned/paid on cash collateral posted/held on interest rate swap contracts was reclassified from Interest Income to

7

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

Gain (loss) on derivatives, net, in the consolidated financial statements to conform to current presentation. No other reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts.

Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash

Cash includes cash on deposit with financial institutions. We may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. However, management believes we are not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position and creditworthiness of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

Cash Collateral Posted To/By Counterparties

Cash collateral posted to/by counterparties represents cash posted by us to counterparties or posted by counterparties to us as collateral. Cash collateral posted to/by counterparties may include collateral for interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts, futures contracts, repurchase agreements on our MBS and our Agency Securities purchased or sold on a to-be-announced basis ("TBA Agency Securities").

Investments in Securities, at Fair Value

Our investments in securities are generally classified as either available for sale or trading securities. Management determines the appropriate classifications of the securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date.

Available for Sale Securities represented investments that we intended to hold for extended periods of time and were reported at their estimated fair values with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as part of comprehensive income (loss). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold the remaining balance of our Available for Sale Securities which resulted in a realized loss of $(7,471).

Trading Securities are reported at their estimated fair values with gains and losses included in Other Income (Loss) as a component of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Receivables and Payables for Unsettled Sales and Purchases

We account for purchases and sales of securities on the trade date, including purchases and sales for forward settlement. Receivables and payables for unsettled trades represent the agreed trade price multiplied by the outstanding balance of the securities at the balance sheet date.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

Accrued interest receivable includes interest accrued between payment dates on securities and interest on unsettled sales of securities. Accrued interest payable includes interest on unsettled purchases of securities and interest on repurchase agreements. At certain times, we may have interest payable on U.S. Treasury Securities sold short.

Repurchase Agreements, net

We finance the acquisition of the majority of our MBS through the use of repurchase agreements. Our repurchase agreements are secured by our MBS and bear interest rates that have historically moved in close relationship to the Federal Funds Effective Rate ("Fed Funds Rate") and short-term London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") (prior to its dissolution), and more recently the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR"). Under these repurchase agreements, we sell MBS to a lender and agree to repurchase the same MBS in the future for a price that is higher than the original sales price. The difference between the sales price that we receive and the repurchase price that we pay represents interest paid to the lender, which accrues over the life of the repurchase agreement. A repurchase agreement operates as a financing arrangement under which we pledge our MBS as collateral to secure a loan which is equal in value to a specified percentage

8

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

of the estimated fair value of the pledged collateral. We retain beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, we are required to repay the loan and concurrently receive back our pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender, we may renew such agreement at the then prevailing interest rate. The repurchase agreements may require us to pledge additional assets to the lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral declines.

In addition to the repurchase agreement financing discussed above, at certain times, we have entered into reverse repurchase agreements with certain of our repurchase agreement counterparties. Under a typical reverse repurchase agreement, we purchase U.S. Treasury Securities from a borrower in exchange for cash and agree to sell the same securities in the future in exchange for a price that is higher than the original purchase price. The difference between the purchase price originally paid and the sale price represents interest received from the borrower. Reverse repurchase agreement receivables and repurchase agreement liabilities are presented net when they meet certain criteria, including being with the same counterparty, being governed by the same master repurchase agreement ("MRA"), settlement through the same brokerage or clearing account and maturing on the same day. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $504,375 and $704,276, respectively, in reverse repurchase agreements which are recorded in repurchase agreements, net on our consolidated balance sheet.

Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair Value

We also sell to third parties the U.S. Treasury Securities received as collateral for reverse repurchase agreements and recognize the resulting obligation to return said U.S. Treasury Securities as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Interest is recorded on the repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasury Securities on an accrual basis and presented as net interest expense. Both parties to the transaction have the right to make daily margin calls based on changes in the fair value of the collateral received and/or pledged. We had obligations to return securities received as collateral associated with our reverse repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $509,121 ($101,824 of which were with BUCKLER) and $502,656 ($100,531 of which were with BUCKLER), respectively.

Derivatives, at Fair Value

We recognize all derivatives individually as either assets or liabilities at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. All changes in the fair values of our derivatives are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We designate derivatives as hedges for tax purposes and any unrealized derivative gains or losses would not affect our distributable net taxable income. These transactions may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts and futures contracts.

We also may utilize forward contracts for the purchase or sale of TBA Agency Securities. We account for TBA Agency Securities as derivative instruments if it is reasonably possible that we will not take or make physical delivery of the Agency Security upon settlement of the contract. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions. We may also purchase and sell TBA Agency Securities as a means of investing in and financing Agency Securities (thereby increasing our “at risk” leverage) or as a means of disposing of or reducing our exposure to Agency Securities (thereby reducing our “at risk” leverage). We agree to purchase or sell, for future delivery, Agency Securities with certain principal and interest terms and certain types of collateral, but the particular Agency Securities to be delivered are not identified until shortly before the TBA settlement date. We may also choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting short or long position (referred to as a “pair off”), net settling the paired off positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA Agency Security for a later settlement date. This transaction is commonly referred to as a “dollar roll.” When it is reasonably possible that we will pair off a TBA Agency Security, we account for that contract as a derivative.

Impairment of Assets

We assess impairment of available for sale securities at least on a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. We consider an impairment if we (1) intend to sell the available for sale securities, or (2) believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities before recovery (for

9

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

example, because of liquidity requirements or contractual obligations) and a credit impairment exists where fair value is less than amortized cost. Impairment losses recognized establish a new cost basis for the related available for sale securities.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income is earned and recognized on Agency Securities based on their unpaid principal amounts and their contractual terms. Recognition of interest income commences on the settlement date of the purchase transaction and continues through the settlement date of the sale transaction. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of Multi-Family MBS, which are generally not subject to prepayment, are amortized or accreted into interest income over the contractual lives of the securities using a level yield method. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of other Agency Securities are amortized or accreted into interest income over the actual lives of the securities, reflecting actual prepayments as they occur. Purchase and sale transactions (including TBA Agency Securities) are recorded on the trade date to the extent it is probable that we will take or make timely physical delivery of the related securities. Gains or losses realized from sales of available for sale securities are reclassified into income from Comprehensive Loss and are determined using the specific identification method.

Interest income on U.S. Treasury Securities is recognized based on their unpaid principal amounts and their contractual terms. Recognition of interest income commences on the settlement date of the purchase transaction and continues through the settlement date of the sale transaction.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) refers to the sum of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). It represents all changes in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. It excludes all changes in equity during a period resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our valuation techniques for financial instruments use observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from third-party sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 820, "Fair Value Measurement," classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 Inputs - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs - Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. Unobservable inputs may be used in situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period). Unobservable inputs reflect management’s assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and would be based on the best information available.

At the beginning of each quarter, we assess the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis to determine if any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy are needed.

The following describes the valuation methodologies used for our assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Any transfers between levels are assumed to occur at the beginning of the reporting period.        

10

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

Investments in Securities

Fair value for our investments in securities are based on obtaining a valuation for each security from third-party pricing services and/or dealer quotes. The third-party pricing services use common market pricing methods that may include pricing models that may incorporate such factors as coupons, prepayment speeds, spread to the Treasury curves and interest rate swap curves, duration, periodic and life caps and credit enhancement. If the fair value of a security is not available from the third-party pricing services or such data appears unreliable, we obtain pricing indications from up to three dealers who make markets in similar securities. Management reviews pricing used to ensure that current market conditions are properly reflected. This review includes, but is not limited to, comparisons of similar market transactions or alternative third-party pricing services, dealer pricing indications and comparisons to a third-party pricing model. Fair values obtained from the third-party pricing services for similar instruments are classified as Level 2 securities if the inputs to the pricing models used are consistent with the Level 2 definition. If quoted prices for a security are not reasonably available from the third-party pricing service, but dealer pricing indications are, the security will be classified as a Level 2 security. If neither is available, management will determine the fair value based on characteristics of the security that we receive from the issuer and based on available market information and classify it as a Level 3 security. U.S. Treasury Securities are classified as Level 1, as quoted unadjusted prices are available in active markets for identical assets.

Derivatives

The fair values of our interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions and basis swap contracts are valued using information provided by third-party pricing services that incorporate common market pricing methods that may include current interest rate curves, forward interest rate curves and market spreads to interest rate curves and are classified as Level 2. We estimate the fair value of TBA Agency Securities based on similar methods used to value our Agency Securities and they are classified as Level 2. Management compares the pricing information received to dealer quotes to ensure that the current market conditions are properly reflected. Futures contracts are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange which requires the use of daily mark-to-market collateral and they are classified as Level 1.

The following tables provide a summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Agency Securities	$	—	$	12,084,711	$	—	$	12,084,711
Derivatives	$	—	$	848,572	$	—	$	848,572
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	$	29,016	$	32,235	$	—	$	61,251
December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Agency Securities	$	—	$	8,198,591	$	—	$	8,198,591
Derivatives	$	94	$	984,362	$	—	$	984,456
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	$	516	$	12,500	$	—	$	13,016

There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Excluded from the tables above are financial instruments, including cash, cash collateral posted to/by counterparties, receivables, the Subordinated loan to BUCKLER, payables, borrowings under repurchase agreements, net and obligations to return securities received as collateral, which are presented in our consolidated financial statements at

11

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

cost, which approximates fair value. The estimated fair value of these instruments is measured using "Level 1" or "Level 2" inputs at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Note 5 - Investments in Securities

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our securities portfolio consisted of $12,084,711 and $8,198,591 of investment securities, at fair value, respectively. We also had $777,469 of TBA Agency Securities, at fair value, which were reported at net carrying value of $(11,797), at December 31, 2022. TBA Securities are reported in Derivatives, at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets (see Note 7 - Derivatives). The net carrying value of our TBA Agency Securities represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying Agency Security in the TBA contract and the cost basis or the forward price to be paid or received for the underlying Agency Security.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we designated Agency MBS purchased as “trading securities” for financial reporting purposes, and consequently, fair value changes for these investments will be reported in net income. This designation is more representative of our results of operations insofar as the fair value changes for our Agency MBS securities are presented in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes of our hedging instruments. Fair value changes for the legacy Agency Securities designated as available for sale were reported in other comprehensive income as required by GAAP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold the remaining balance of our Available for Sale Securities which resulted in a realized loss of $(7,471).

The tables below present the components of the carrying value and the unrealized gain or loss position of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Gain		Fair Value
Agency Securities:
Trading securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(277,230)	$	24,912	$	12,084,711
Total Agency Securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(277,230)	$	24,912	$	12,084,711
December 31, 2022	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Gain		Fair Value
Agency Securities:
Available for sale securities	$	191,870	$	199,472	$	(11,527)	$	—	$	187,945
Trading securities	8,519,397		8,553,485		(543,207)		368		8,010,646
Total Agency Securities	$	8,711,267	$	8,752,957	$	(554,734)	$	368	$	8,198,591

12

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

The following tables summarize the weighted average lives of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Weighted Average Life	Trading Securities
March 31, 2023	Fair Value		Amortized Cost
< 1 year	$	—	$	—
≥ 1 year and < 3 years	84,915		85,272
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	2,508,753		2,512,098
≥ 5 years	9,491,043		9,739,659
Totals	$	12,084,711	$	12,337,029

Weighted Average Life	Available for Sale Securities				Trading Securities
December 31, 2022	Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost
< 1 year	$	61	$	64	$	—	$	—
≥ 1 year and < 3 years	2,390		2,525		—		—
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	11,541		12,171		—		—
≥ 5 years	173,953		184,712		8,010,646		8,553,485
Totals	$	187,945	$	199,472	$	8,010,646	$	8,553,485

We use a third-party model to calculate the weighted average lives of our investments in securities. Weighted average life is calculated based on expectations for estimated prepayments for the underlying mortgage loans of our investments in securities. These estimated prepayments are based on assumptions such as interest rates, current and future home prices, housing policy and borrower incentives. The weighted average lives of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 in the tables above are based upon market factors, assumptions, models and estimates from the third-party model and also incorporate management’s judgment and experience. The actual weighted average lives of these securities could be longer or shorter than estimated.

Available for Sale Securities

The following table presents the unrealized losses and estimated fair value of our available for sale securities by length of time that such securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022. All of the available for sale securities were issued and guaranteed by GSEs (with a long term credit rating of AA+) or Ginnie Mae at December 31, 2022.

	Unrealized Loss Position For:
	< 12 Months				≥ 12 Months				Total
Agency Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2022	$	187,397	$	(11,497)	$	548	$	(30)	$	187,945	$	(11,527)

 Note 6 - Repurchase Agreements, net

At March 31, 2023, we had active MRAs with 38 counterparties and had $10,554,538 in outstanding borrowings with 16 of those counterparties. At December 31, 2022, we had MRAs with 38 counterparties and had $6,463,058 in outstanding borrowings with 16 counterparties.

13

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

The following tables represent the contractual repricing regarding our repurchase agreements to finance MBS purchases at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Our repurchase agreements require excess collateral, known as a “haircut.” At March 31, 2023, the average haircut percentage was 3.40% compared to 3.85% at December 31, 2022. The haircut for our repurchase agreements vary by counterparty and therefore, the changes in the average haircut percentage will vary with the changes in our counterparty repurchase agreement balances.

	Balance		Weighted Average Contractual Rate		Weighted Average Maturity in days
March 31, 2023
Agency Securities
≤ 30 days (1)	$	7,905,065	4.87	%	13
> 30 days to ≤ 90 days	2,649,473		4.95	%	36
Total or Weighted Average	$	10,554,538	4.89	%	19

(1)Net of reverse repurchase agreements of $504,375. Obligations to return securities received as collateral of $509,121 associated with the reverse repurchase agreements are all due within 30 days.

	Balance		Weighted Average Contractual Rate		Weighted Average Maturity in days
December 31, 2022
Agency Securities
≤ 30 days (1)	$	5,912,572	4.43	%	15
> 30 days to ≤ 60 days	550,486		4.48	%	34
Total or Weighted Average	$	6,463,058	4.43	%	16

(1)Net of reverse repurchase agreements of $704,276. Obligations to return securities received as collateral of $502,656 associated with the reverse repurchase agreements all matured in January 2023.

The following table presents information about the gross and net securities purchased and sold under our repurchase agreements, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023							Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral		Total Net
Assets
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	$	504,375	$	(504,375)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	504,375	$	(504,375)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Repurchase Agreements	$	(11,058,913)	$	504,375	$	(10,554,538)	$	10,554,538	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	(11,058,913)	$	504,375	$	(10,554,538)	$	10,554,538	$	—	$	—

(1)The fair value of securities pledged against our repurchase agreements was $11,669,921 at March 31, 2023.

14

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

December 31, 2022							Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral		Total Net
Assets
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	$	704,276	$	(704,276)	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	189
Totals	$	704,276	$	(704,276)	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	189
Liabilities
Repurchase Agreements	$	(7,167,334)	$	704,276	$	(6,463,058)	$	6,463,058	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	(7,167,334)	$	704,276	$	(6,463,058)	$	6,463,058	$	—	$	—

(1)The fair value of securities pledged against our repurchase agreements was $7,249,039 at December 31, 2022.

Our repurchase agreements require that we maintain adequate pledged collateral. A decline in the value of the MBS pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels. We manage this risk by maintaining an adequate balance of available cash and unpledged securities. An event of default or termination event under the standard MRA would give our counterparty the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due to be payable immediately. In addition, certain of our MRAs contain a restriction that prohibits our leverage from exceeding twelve times our stockholders’ equity as well as termination events in the case of significant reductions in equity capital. We also may receive cash or securities as collateral from our derivative counterparties which we may use as additional collateral for repurchase agreements. Certain interest rate swap contracts provide for cross collateralization and cross default with repurchase agreements and other contracts with the same counterparty.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, BUCKLER accounted for 49.6% and 50.2%, respectively, of our aggregate borrowings and had an amount at risk of 15.2% and 12.9%, respectively, of our total stockholders' equity with a weighted average maturity of 18 days and 15 days, respectively, on repurchase agreements, net (see Note 14 - Related Party Transactions).

At March 31, 2023, we had 3 additional repurchase agreement counterparties that individually accounted for over 5% of our aggregate borrowings. In total, these counterparties accounted for approximately 24.0% of our repurchase agreement borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2023. At December 31, 2022, we had 3 additional repurchase agreement counterparties that individually accounted for over 5% of our aggregate borrowings. In total, these counterparties accounted for 28.1% of our repurchase agreement borrowings at December 31, 2022.    

Note 7 - Derivatives

We enter into derivative transactions to manage our interest rate risk and agency mortgage rate exposures. We have agreements with our derivative counterparties that provide for the posting of collateral based on the fair values of our derivatives. Through this margin process, either we or our counterparties may be required to pledge cash or securities as collateral. Collateral requirements vary by counterparty and change over time based on the fair value, notional amount and remaining term of the contracts. Certain contracts provide for cross collateralization and cross default with repurchase agreements and other contracts with the same counterparty.

Interest rate swap contracts are designed to lock in funding costs for repurchase agreements associated with our assets in such a way to help assure the realization of net interest margins. Such transactions are based on assumptions about prepayments which, if not realized, will cause transaction results to differ from expectations. Interest rate swaptions

15

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

generally provide us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement at a certain point of time in the future with a predetermined notional amount, stated term and stated rate of interest in the fixed leg and interest rate index on the floating leg. Basis swap contracts allow us to exchange one floating interest rate basis for another, thereby allowing us to diversify our floating rate basis exposures.

All of our interest rate contracts have floating leg interest rate indexes of either the Fed Funds Rate or SOFR. The Fed Funds Rate is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and is a measure of unsecured borrowings by depository institutions from other depository institutions or GSEs. SOFR is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and is the average overnight rate for borrowings secured by US Treasury securities. We enter into interest rate swap contracts either directly with a counterparty (a “bilateral” contract) or through a centrally-cleared swap contract. In a bilateral contract, we exchange margin collateral with the counterparty and have exposure to counterparty risk. In a centrally-cleared contract, we exchange margin collateral with a Futures Clearing Merchant, with whom we have opened an account. Our counterparty risk is limited to the clearing exchange itself. All of our centrally-cleared swaps are cleared by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME").

Futures contracts are traded on the CME which requires the use of daily mark-to-market collateral and the CME provides substantial credit support. The collateral requirements of the CME require us to pledge assets under a bi-lateral margin arrangement, including either cash or Agency Securities and these requirements may vary and change over time based on the market value, notional amount and remaining term of the futures contracts. In the event we are unable to meet a margin call under one of our futures contracts, the counterparty to such agreement may have the option to terminate or close-out all of the outstanding futures contracts with us. In addition, any close-out amount due to the counterparty upon termination of the counterparty’s transactions would be immediately payable by us pursuant to the applicable agreement.

TBA Agency Securities are forward contracts for the purchase (“long position”) or sale (“short position”) of Agency Securities at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency Securities delivered into the contract upon the settlement date, published each month by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, are not known at the time of the transaction. We may enter into TBA Agency Securities as a means of hedging against short-term changes in interest rates. We may also enter into TBA Agency Securities as a means of acquiring or disposing of Agency Securities and we may from time to time utilize TBA dollar roll transactions to finance Agency Security purchases. We estimate the fair value of TBA Agency Securities based on similar methods used to value our Agency Securities.

We have netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by ISDA. We are also required to post or hold cash collateral based upon the net underlying market value of our open positions with the counterparty. A decline in the value of the open positions with the counterparty could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels. We manage this risk by maintaining an adequate balance of available cash and unpledged securities. An event of default or termination event under the standard ISDA would give our counterparty the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due to be payable immediately. In addition, certain of our ISDAs contain a restriction that prohibits our leverage from exceeding twelve times our stockholders’ equity as well as termination events in the case of significant reductions in equity capital.

16

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

The following tables present information about the potential effects of netting our derivatives if we were to offset the assets and liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We currently present these financial instruments at their gross amounts and they are included in Derivatives, at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Assets	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	848,572	$	(848,572)	$	—	$	—
Futures contracts	—		(29,016)		93,937		64,921
TBA Agency Securities	—		—		22,295		22,295
Totals	$	848,572	$	(877,588)	$	116,232	$	87,216
December 31, 2022
Interest rate swap contracts	$	983,659	$	—	$	(955,941)	$	27,718
Futures contracts	94		(516)		9,334		8,912
TBA Agency Securities	703		(12,500)		13,633		1,836
Totals	$	984,456	$	(13,016)	$	(932,974)	$	38,466

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $2,857 amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Liabilities	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	(32,235)	$	848,572	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
Futures contracts	(29,016)		29,016		—		—
Totals	$	(61,251)	$	877,588	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
December 31, 2022
Futures contracts	$	(516)	$	516	$	—	$	—
TBA Agency Securities	(12,500)		12,500		—		—
Totals	$	(13,016)	$	13,016	$	—	$	—

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $(32,235) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

The following table represents the information regarding our derivatives which are included in Gain on derivatives, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

17

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

	Income (Loss) Recognized
		For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives		2023		2022
Interest rate swap contracts (1)		$	(126,414)	$	343,798
Futures contracts		(10,829)		—
TBA Agency Securities		2,843		(99,194)
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net		$	(134,400)	$	244,604

(1)Includes $(29,096) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

The following tables present information about our derivatives at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Interest Rate Swap Contracts (1)	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	Weighted Average Rate
March 31, 2023
< 3 years	$	2,750,000	26	3.96	%
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	1,129,000		47	0.65	%
≥ 5 years and < 7 years	754,000		79	0.62	%
≥ 7 years	3,348,000		96	0.96	%
Total or Weighted Average (2)	$	7,981,000	63	1.92	%
December 31, 2022
< 3 years	$	1,066,000	10	0.10	%
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	1,182,000		50	0.63	%
≥ 5 years and < 7 years	754,000		82	0.62	%
≥ 7 years	3,348,000		99	0.96	%
Total or Weighted Average (3)	$	6,350,000	73	0.72	%

(1)Pay Fixed/Receive Variable.

(2)Of this amount, $2,670,000 notional are SOFR based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032; and $5,311,000 notional are Fed Funds based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032. Of this amount, $2,400,000 notional are cleared interest rate swap contracts, the last of which matures in 2026.

(3)Of this amount, $803,000 notional are SOFR based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032; and $5,547,000 notional are Fed Funds based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032.

TBA Agency Securities	Notional Amount		Cost Basis		Fair Value
December 31, 2022
30 Year Long
4.5%	500,000		489,805		481,641
5.0%	300,000		300,164		295,828
Totals (1)	$	800,000	$	789,969	$	777,469

(1) $400,000 notional were forward settling at December 31, 2022.

18

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies

Management

The Company is managed by ACM, pursuant to a management agreement (see also Note 14 - Related Party Transactions). The management agreement entitles ACM to receive management fees payable monthly in arrears. Currently, the monthly management fee is 1/12th of the sum of (a) 1.5% of gross equity raised up to $1.0 billion plus (b) 0.75% of gross equity raised in excess of $1.0 billion. Gross equity raised includes the total amounts of paid in capital relating to both our common and preferred stock, plus brokerage commissions and other costs of capital raising. Amounts paid to shareholders to repurchase stock, before any brokerage commissions and costs, reduces gross equity raised. Dividends specifically designated by the Board as liquidation dividends will reduce the amount of gross equity raised. To date, the Board has not so designated any of the dividends paid by the Company. Realized and unrealized gains and losses do not affect the amount of gross equity raised. At March 31, 2023, the average management fee rate, prior to management fees waived, was 0.94% based on gross equity raised of $3,965,947 and effectively a rate of 3.07% based on total stockholders' equity.

ACM began waiving 40% of its management fee during the second quarter of 2020 and on January 13, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,400 for the first quarter of 2021 and $800 per month thereafter. On April 20, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,100 for the second quarter of 2021 and $700 per month thereafter. On October 25, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver from the rate of $700 per month to $650 per month, effective November 1, 2021, until further notice. On February 14, 2023, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $1,650 for the first quarter of 2023 and $550 per month thereafter until ACM provides further notice to ARMOUR. ACM may terminate this waiver for any month by providing notice to ARMOUR on or before the 25th day of the preceding month. This waiver does not constitute a waiver of any other amounts due to ACM from ARMOUR under the Agreement or otherwise, including but not limited to any expense reimbursements, any amounts calculated by reference to the contractual Base Management Fee, or any awards under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan as amended (the “Plan”).

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and March 31, 2022 ACM waived management fees of $1,650 and $1,950, respectively. The monthly management fees are not calculated based on the performance of our assets. Accordingly, the payment of our monthly management fees may not decline in the event of a decline in our earnings and may cause us to incur losses. We are also responsible for any costs and expenses that ACM incurs solely on our behalf other than the various overhead expenses specified in the terms of the management agreement.

On February 14, 2023, the Company extended the contractual term of the management agreement through December 31, 2029. Based on the management fee base, gross equity raised, as of March 31, 2023, the Company’s contractual management fee commitments are:

Year	Contractual Management Fee
Remainder of 2023	$	31,037
2024	37,245
2025	37,245
2026	37,245
2027	37,245
2028	37,245
2029	37,245
Total	$	254,507

The Company cannot voluntarily terminate the management agreement without cause before the expiration of its contractual term. If the management agreement is terminated in connection with a liquidation of the Company or certain

19

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

business combination transactions, the Company is obliged to pay ACM a termination fee equal to 4 times the contractual management fee (before any waiver) for the preceding 12 months.

Indemnifications and Litigation

We enter into certain contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications, principally with ACM and underwriters, against third-party claims for errors and omissions in connection with their services to us. We have not incurred any costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the estimated fair value of these agreements, as well as the maximum amount attributable to past events, is not material. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Nine putative class action lawsuits have been filed in connection with the tender offer (the “Tender Offer”) and merger (the “Merger”) for JAVELIN. The Tender Offer and Merger are collectively defined herein as the “Transactions.” All nine suits name ARMOUR, the previous members of JAVELIN’s board of directors prior to the Merger (of which eight are current members of ARMOUR’s board of directors) (the “Individual Defendants”) and JMI Acquisition Corporation (“Acquisition”) as defendants. Certain cases also name ACM and JAVELIN as additional defendants. The lawsuits were brought by purported holders of JAVELIN’s common stock, both individually and on behalf of a putative class of JAVELIN’s stockholders, alleging that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the plaintiffs and the putative class of JAVELIN stockholders, including claims that the Individual Defendants failed to properly value JAVELIN; failed to take steps to maximize the value of JAVELIN to its stockholders; ignored or failed to protect against conflicts of interest; failed to disclose material information about the Transactions; took steps to avoid competitive bidding and to give ARMOUR an unfair advantage by failing to adequately solicit other potential acquirors or alternative transactions; and erected unreasonable barriers to other third-party bidders. The suits also allege that ARMOUR, JAVELIN, ACM and Acquisition aided and abetted the alleged breaches of fiduciary duties by the Individual Defendants. The lawsuits seek equitable relief, including, among other relief, to enjoin consummation of the Transactions, or rescind or unwind the Transactions if already consummated, and award costs and disbursements, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses. The sole Florida lawsuit was never served on the defendants, and that case was voluntarily dismissed and closed on January 20, 2017. On April 25, 2016, the Maryland court issued an order consolidating the eight Maryland cases into one action, captioned In re JAVELIN Mortgage Investment Corp. Shareholder Litigation (Case No. 24-C-16-001542), and designated counsel for one of the Maryland cases as interim lead co-counsel. On May 26, 2016, interim lead counsel filed the Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint for Breach of Fiduciary Duty asserting consolidated claims of breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting the breaches of fiduciary duty, and waste. On June 27, 2016, defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss the Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint for failing to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. A hearing was held on the Motion to Dismiss on March 3, 2017, and the Court reserved ruling. The Court has deferred ruling on the Motion to Dismiss several times. On October 25, 2022, the court deferred the Order of Dismissal until May 1, 2023, and if the case is not fully disposed of by that date, the clerk shall enter on the docket "dismissed for lack of prosecution without prejudice."

Each of ARMOUR, JAVELIN, ACM and the Individual Defendants intends to defend the claims made in these lawsuits vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that any of ARMOUR, JAVELIN, ACM or the Individual Defendants will prevail in its defense of any of these lawsuits to which it is a party. An unfavorable resolution of any such litigation surrounding the Transactions may result in monetary damages being awarded to the plaintiffs and the putative class of former stockholders of JAVELIN and the cost of defending the litigation, even if resolved favorably, could be substantial. Due to the preliminary nature of all of these suits, ARMOUR is not able at this time to estimate their outcome.

Note 9 - Stock Based Compensation

We adopted the Plan to attract, retain and reward directors and other persons who provide services to us in the course of operations. The Plan authorizes the Board to grant awards including common stock, restricted shares of common stock (“RSUs”), stock options, performance shares, performance units, stock appreciation rights and other equity and cash-based awards (collectively, “Awards”), subject to terms as provided in the Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 867 shares available for future issuance under the Plan.

Transactions related to awards for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are summarized below:

20

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

	March 31, 2023
	Number of Awards	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Award
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding beginning of period	568	$	12.88
Granted (1)	1,300	$	5.93
Vested	(94)	$	9.64
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding end of period	1,774	$	7.96

(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 980 RSUs were granted to certain officers of ARMOUR and 320 RSUs were granted to the Board.

At March 31, 2023, there was approximately $14,126 of unvested stock based compensation related to the Awards (based on a weighted grant date price of $7.96 per share), which we expect to recognize as an expense as follows: for the remainder of 2023 an expense of $2,805, in 2024 an expense of $3,626, and thereafter an expense of $7,695. Our policy is to account for forfeitures as they occur. We also pay each of our non-executive Board members quarterly fees of $33, which are payable in cash, common stock, RSUs or a combination of common stock, RSUs and cash at the option of the director. Non-executive Board members have the option to participate in the Company's Non-Management Director Compensation and Deferral Program (the "Deferral Program"). The Deferral Program permits non-executive Board members to elect to receive either common stock or RSUs or a combination of common stock and RSUs at the option of the director, instead of all or part of their quarterly cash compensation and/or all or part of their committee and chairperson cash retainers.

Note 10 - Stockholders' Equity

The following table presents the components of cumulative distributions to stockholders at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Preferred dividends	$	147,823	$	144,827
Common stock dividends	1,899,537		1,847,534
Totals	$	2,047,360	$	1,992,361

Preferred Stock

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were authorized to issue up to 50,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board of Directors (“Board”) or a committee thereof. At March 31, 2023, 10,000 shares of the Company’s authorized preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share are designated as shares of 7.00% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock") with the powers, designations, preferences and other rights as set forth therein and a total of 40,000 shares of our authorized preferred stock remain available for designation as future series.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had 6,847 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding with a par value of $0.001 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, or $171,175 in the aggregate. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no accrued or unpaid dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock.

On January 29, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Sales Agreement (the “Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (formerly B. Riley FBR, Inc.) and BUCKLER, as sales agents (individually and collectively, the “Agents"), and ACM, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, over a period of time and from

21

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

time to time, through one or more of the Agents, as the Company’s agents, up to 6,550 of Series C Preferred Stock. The Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement relates to a proposed “at-the-market” offering program. Under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement, we will pay the agent designated to sell our shares an aggregate commission of up to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the designated agent under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement. We did not sell any shares under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Shares designated as Series C Preferred Stock but unissued, which are available under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement, totaled 3,153 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Preferred Stock Repurchase Program

On July 26, 2022, the Board authorized a repurchase program of up to an aggregate of 2,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding Series C Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program"). Under the Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program, shares may be purchased in the open market, including block trades, through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to a trading plan separately adopted in the future. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be at our discretion, in consultation with the Pricing Committee of the Board, subject to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and related rules. We are not required to repurchase any shares under the Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time for any reason. We do not intend to purchase shares from our Board or other affiliates. Under Maryland law, such repurchased shares are treated as authorized but unissued. We did not repurchase any shares under the Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Common Stock

February 14, 2023, we submitted Articles of Amendment with the State of Maryland to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, from 300,000 shares to 450,000 shares. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were authorized to issue up to 450,000 and 300,000 shares of common stock, respectively, par value $0.001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board. We had 192,003 and 162,911 shares of common stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

On February 15, 2019, we entered into an Equity Sales Agreement (the “Common stock ATM Sales Agreement”) with BUCKLER, JMP Securities LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as sales agents, relating to the shares of our common stock. On April 3, 2020, the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was amended to add B. Riley Securities, Inc. (formerly B. Riley FBR, Inc.) as a sales agent. On May 4, 2020 the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was further amended to increase the number of shares available for sale pursuant to the terms of the Common Stock ATM Sales Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Common Stock ATM Sales agreement, as amended, we were permitted to offer and sell over a period of time and from time to time, up to 17,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Common stock ATM Sales Agreement related to an "at-the-market" offering program. Under the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, as amended, we paid the agent designated to sell our shares an aggregate commission of up to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the designated agent. Prior to exhausting the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, as amended, on May 18, 2021, we sold 10,713 shares for proceeds of $129,336, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,682.

After exhausting the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, we entered into a new Equity Sales Agreement (the “2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement”) on May 14, 2021, with BUCKLER, JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and B. Riley Securities, Inc., as sales agents, relating to the shares of our common stock. In accordance with the terms of the 2021 Common Stock ATM Sales agreement, we may offer and sell over a period of time and from time to time, up to 17,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. On November 12, 2021, the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was amended to add JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, as a sales agent and to offer an additional 25,000 shares available for sale pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement. On June 9, 2022, the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was further amended to offer an additional 28,800 shares available for sale. On November 4, 2022, the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was further amended to offer an additional

22

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

35,000 shares available for sale. On January 17, 2023, it was amended to add an additional 48,678 shares pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement.

The 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement relates to an "at-the-market" offering program. The 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement provides that we will pay the agent designated to sell our shares an aggregate commission of up to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the designated agent under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold 29,863 shares under this agreement for proceeds of $181,205, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,968. In April 2023, we sold 3,510 shares under this agreement for proceeds of $18,267, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $157. As of the date hereof, a total of 33,150 shares of common stock remain available under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement. See Note 14 - Related Party Transactions for discussion of additional transactions with BUCKLER.

Common Stock Repurchase Program

 At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 5,889 and 6,732 authorized shares remaining under the current repurchase authorization. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 843 common shares under this authorization for a cost of $4,305. Under the Repurchase Program, shares may be purchased in the open market, including block trades, through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to a trading plan separately adopted in the future. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be at our discretion, subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and related rules. We are not required to repurchase any shares under the Repurchase Program and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time for any reason. We do not intend to purchase shares from our Board or other affiliates. Under Maryland law, such repurchased shares are treated as authorized but unissued. See Note 14 - Related Party Transactions for discussion of additional transactions with BUCKLER.

Equity Capital Activities

The following tables present our equity transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transaction Type	Completion Date	Number of Shares	Per Share price (1)		Net Proceeds (costs)
March 31, 2023
2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement	January 4, 2023 - February 8, 2023	29,863	$	6.07	$	181,205
Common stock repurchased	March	(843)	$	(5.11)	$	(4,305)
December 31, 2022
2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement	January 11, 2022 - December 21, 2022	70,041	$	6.79	$	475,537
Common stock repurchased	June, September and October	(1,478)	$	5.19	$	(7,664)

(1)Weighted average price

Dividends

On April 27, 2023, a cash dividend of $0.14583 per outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock, or $998 in the aggregate, will be paid to holders of record on April 15, 2023. We have also declared cash dividends of $0.14583 per

23

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock payable May 30, 2023 to holders of record on May 15, 2023 and payable June 27, 2023 to holders of record on June 15, 2023.

On April 27, 2023, a cash dividend of $0.08 per outstanding common share, or $15,788 in the aggregate, will be paid to holders of record on April 17, 2023. We have also declared a cash dividend of $0.08 per outstanding common share payable May 30, 2023 to holders of record on May 15, 2023.

The following table presents our Series C Preferred Stock dividend transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Record Date	Payment Date	Rate per Series C Preferred Share		Aggregate amount paid to holders of record
January 15, 2023	January 27, 2023	$	0.14583	$	998.5
February 15, 2023	February 27, 2023	$	0.14583	998.5
March 15, 2023	March 27, 2023	$	0.14583	998.5
Total dividends paid				$	2,995.5

The following table presents our common stock dividend transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Record Date	Payment Date	Rate per common share		Aggregate amount paid to holders of record
January 17, 2023	January 30, 2023	$	0.10	$	17,007
February 15, 2023	February 27, 2023	$	0.10	19,471
March 15, 2023	March 28, 2023	$	0.08	15,526
Total dividends paid				$	52,004

Note 11 - Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders	$	(34,354)	$	(69,429)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	184,587		96,226

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 1,744 and 760, respectively, of potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted Net Loss related to common stockholders because to have included them would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

24

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

Note 12 - Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of comprehensive loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted comprehensive loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Comprehensive Loss	$	(19,832)	$	(144,972)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders	$	(22,827)	$	(147,967)
Comprehensive Loss per share related to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Diluted	184,587		96,226

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 1,744 and 760 respectively, of potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders because to have included them would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

Note 13 - Income Taxes

The following table reconciles our GAAP net loss to estimated REIT taxable income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
GAAP net loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Book to tax differences:
TRS income	(17)		(1)
Premium amortization expense	(1)		(41)
Agency Securities, trading	(112,894)		254,389
U.S. Treasury Securities	11,854		78,387
Changes in interest rate contracts	182,140		(250,900)
Amortization of deferred hedging costs	(30,368)		(39,581)
Amortization of deferred Treasury Future gains	5,815		—
Other	296		550
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss)	$	25,466	$	(23,631)

Interest rate contracts and futures contracts are treated as hedging transactions for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Unrealized gains and losses on open interest rate contracts are not included in the determination of REIT taxable

25

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

income. Realized gains and losses on interest rate contracts terminated before their maturity are deferred and amortized over the remainder of the original term of the contract for REIT taxable income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had approximately $253,854 and $307,316, respectively, of net deductible expense relating to previously terminated interest rate swap and treasury futures contracts amortizing through the year 2032. At March 31, 2023, we had $257,341 of net operating loss carryforwards available for use indefinitely.

Net capital losses realized	Amount		Available to offset capital gains through
2018	$	(136,388)	2023
2019	$	(13,819)	2024
2021	$	(15,605)	2026
2022	$	(732,478)	2027

The Company's subsidiary, ARMOUR TRS, Inc. has made an election as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). As such, the TRS is taxable as a domestic C corporation and subject to federal, state, and local income taxes based upon its taxable income.

The aggregate tax basis of our assets and liabilities was greater than our total Stockholders’ Equity at March 31, 2023 by approximately $261,185, or approximately $1.36 per common share (based on the 192,003 common shares then outstanding). State and federal tax returns for the years 2019 and later remain open and are subject to possible examination.

We are required and intend to timely distribute substantially all of our REIT taxable income in order to maintain our REIT status under the Code. Total dividend payments to stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 were $54,999 and $32,103, respectively.

Our estimated REIT taxable income and dividend requirements to maintain our REIT status are determined on an annual basis. Dividends paid in excess of current tax earnings and profits for the year will generally not be taxable to common stockholders.

Our management is responsible for determining whether tax positions taken by us are more likely than not to be sustained on their merits. We have no material unrecognized tax benefits or material uncertain tax positions.

Note 14 - Related Party Transactions

ACM    

The Company is managed by ACM, pursuant to a management agreement. All of our executive officers are also employees of ACM. ACM manages our day-to-day operations, subject to the direction and oversight of the Board. The management agreement runs through December 31, 2029 and is thereafter automatically renewed for an additional five-year term unless terminated under certain circumstances. Either party must provide 180 days prior written notice of any such termination.

Under the terms of the management agreement, ACM is responsible for costs incident to the performance of its duties, such as compensation of its employees and various overhead expenses. ACM is responsible for the following primary roles:

•Advising us with respect to, arranging for and managing the acquisition, financing, management and disposition of, elements of our investment portfolio;

•Evaluating the duration risk and prepayment risk within the investment portfolio and arranging borrowing and hedging strategies;

•Coordinating capital raising activities;

26

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

•Advising us on the formulation and implementation of operating strategies and policies, arranging for the acquisition of assets, monitoring the performance of those assets and providing administrative and managerial services in connection with our day-to-day operations; and

•Providing executive and administrative personnel, office space and other appropriate services required in rendering management services to us.

ACM began waiving 40% of its management fee during the second quarter of 2020 and on January 13, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,400 for the first quarter of 2021 and $800 per month thereafter. On April 20, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,100 for the second quarter of 2021 and $700 per month thereafter. On October 25, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver from the rate of $700 per month to $650 per month, effective November 1, 2021, until further notice. On February 14, 2023, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $1,650 for the first quarter of 2023 and $550 per month thereafter until ACM provides further notice to ARMOUR (see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies).

The following table reconciles the fees incurred in accordance with the management agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
ARMOUR management fees	$	9,229	$	8,125
Less management fees waived	(1,650)		(1,950)
Total management fee expense	$	7,579	$	6,175

We are required to take actions as may be reasonably required to permit and enable ACM to carry out its duties and obligations. We are also responsible for any costs and expenses that ACM incurred solely on our behalf other than the various overhead expenses specified in the terms of the management agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, we reimbursed ACM $235 and $107 for other expenses incurred on our behalf. In 2017, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we elected to grant restricted stock unit awards to our executive officers and other ACM employees that generally vest over 5 years. In 2017, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we elected to grant RSUs to the Board. We recognized stock based compensation expense of $141 and $162 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

BUCKLER

At March 31, 2023, we held an ownership interest in BUCKLER of 10.8%, which is included in prepaid and other assets in our consolidated balance sheet and is accounted for using the equity method as BUCKLER maintains specific ownership accounts. The value of the investment was $485 at March 31, 2023 and $377 at December 31, 2022, reflecting our total investment plus our share of BUCKLER’s operating results, in accordance with the terms of the operating agreement of BUCKLER that our independent directors negotiated. The primary purpose of our investment in BUCKLER is to facilitate our access to repurchase financing on potentially attractive terms (considering rate, term, size, haircut, relationship and funding commitment) compared to other suitable repurchase financing counterparties.

Our operating agreement with BUCKLER contains certain provisions to benefit and protect the Company, including (1) sharing in any (a) defined profits realized by BUCKLER from the anticipated financing spreads resulting from repurchase financing facilitated by BUCKLER, and (b) distributions from BUCKLER to its members of net cash receipts, and (2) the realization of anticipated savings from reduced clearing, brokerage, trading and administrative fees. In addition, the independent directors of the Company must approve, in their sole discretion, any third-party business engaged by BUCKLER and may cause BUCKLER to wind up and dissolve and promptly return certain subordinated loans we provide to BUCKLER as regulatory capital (as described more fully below) if the independent directors reasonably determine that BUCKLER’s ability to provide attractive securities transactions for the Company is materially adversely affected. For each of the three months

27

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT NOTES (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share)

ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, we earned $0 from BUCKLER as an allocated share of Financing Gross Profit for a reduction of interest on repurchase agreements charged to the Company. Financing Gross Profit is defined in the operating agreement, subject to a contractually required reduction in our share of the Financing Gross Profit of $306 per annum, which expired at the end of the first quarter of 2022.

We had a subordinated loan agreement with BUCKLER, totaling $105.0 million, which was to mature on May 1, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, BUCKLER, at its option after obtaining regulatory approval, repaid all of the principal amount of the loan. The loan had a stated interest rate of zero, plus additional interest payable to the Company in an amount equal to the amount of interest earned by BUCKLER on the investment of the loan proceeds, generally in government securities funds. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company earned $973 and $19, respectively, of interest on this loan.

Effective March 20, 2023, the Company committed to provide on demand a subordinated loan agreement to BUCKLER in an amount up to $200,000. The commitment extends through March 20, 2026 and is collateralized by mortgage backed and/or U.S. Treasury Securities owned by the Company and pledged to BUCKLER. The commitment is treated by BUCKLER currently as capital for regulatory purposes and BUCKLER may pledge the securities to secure its own borrowings. This arrangement replaced the prior $105.0 million subordinated loan.

On February 22, 2021, the Company entered into an uncommitted revolving credit facility and security agreement with BUCKLER. Under the terms of the facility, the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, provide drawings to BUCKLER of up to $50,000. Interest on drawings is payable monthly at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York SOFR plus 2% per annum. To date, BUCKLER has not yet used the facility and therefore no interest expense was payable for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

With BUCKLER as the sales agent, under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, we sold 26,103 common shares for proceeds of $159,301, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,729 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We also repurchased 843 common shares under the current repurchase authorization which cost $4,305, including commissions of approximately $36 to BUCKLER during the three months ended March 31, 2023. In April 2023, we sold 3,510 shares under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement for proceeds of $18,267, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $157 to BUCKLER (see Note 10 - Stockholders' Equity).

The table below summarizes other transactions with BUCKLER for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transactions with BUCKLER	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase agreements, net (1)	$	5,231,025	$	3,247,474
Collateral posted on repurchase agreements	$	6,149,464	$	3,920,706
Agency Securities Purchased	$	57,039	$	203,147
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	$	155,857	$	593,162
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold	$	154,875	$	814,265

(1)Interest on repurchase agreements, net was $49,609 and $1,033 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. See also, Note 6 - Repurchase Agreements, net for transactions with BUCKLER.

Note 15 - Subsequent Events

Except as disclosed above, no subsequent events were identified through the date of filing this Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q.

                                                       28

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” are to ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (“ARMOUR”) and its subsidiaries. References to “ACM” are to ARMOUR Capital Management LP, a Delaware limited partnership. ARMOUR owns a 10.8% equity interest in BUCKLER Securities LLC ("BUCKLER"), a Delaware limited liability company and a FINRA-regulated broker-dealer, controlled by ACM and certain executive officers of ARMOUR. Refer to the Glossary of Terms for definitions of capitalized terms and abbreviations used in this report.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. U.S. dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted.

Overview

We are a Maryland corporation managed by ACM, an investment advisor registered with the SEC (see Note 8 and Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements). We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. We believe that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code and our manner of operations enables us to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Our strategy is to create shareholder value through thoughtful investment and risk management that produces current yield and superior risk adjusted returns over the long term. Our focus on residential real estate finance supports home ownership for a broad and diverse spectrum of Americans by bringing private capital into the mortgage markets. We are deeply committed to implementing sustainable environmental, responsible social, and prudent governance practices that improve our work and our world.

We strive to contribute to a healthy, sustainable environment by utilizing resources efficiently. As an organization, we create a relatively small environmental footprint. Still, we are focused on minimizing the environmental impact of our business where possible.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we invested in MBS, issued or guaranteed by a U.S. GSE, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or a government agency such as Ginnie Mae (collectively, Agency Securities). Our Agency Securities consist primarily of fixed rate loans. The remaining are either backed by hybrid adjustable rate or adjustable rate loans. From time to time we have also invested in Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities, Interest-Only Securities, U.S. Treasury Securities and money market instruments.

We earn returns on the spread between the yield on our assets and our costs, including the interest cost of the funds we borrow, after giving effect to our hedges. We identify and acquire MBS, finance our acquisitions with borrowings under a series of short-term repurchase agreements and then hedge certain risks based on our entire portfolio of assets and liabilities and our management’s view of the market.

Factors that Affect our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, among other things, our net interest income, the market value of our assets and the supply of and demand for such assets. Recent events, such as those discussed below, can affect our business in ways that are difficult to predict and may produce results outside of typical operating variances. Our net interest income varies primarily as a result of changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and prepayment speeds, the behavior of which involves various risks and uncertainties. We currently invest primarily in Agency Securities, for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a GSE or other government agency. We also invest in U.S. Treasury Securities and money market instruments. In the past, we have invested in Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities and it is possible we may do so in the future. We expect our investments to be subject to risks arising from prepayments resulting from existing home sales, financings, delinquencies and foreclosures. We are exposed to changing mortgage spreads, which could result in declines in the fair value of our investments. Our asset selection, financing and hedging strategies are designed to work together to generate current net interest income while moderating our exposure to market volatility.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Interest Rates

Changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may significantly influence our net interest income. With the maturities of our assets, generally of a longer term than those of our liabilities, interest rate increases will tend to decrease our net interest income and the market value of our assets (and therefore our book value). Such rate increases could possibly result in operating losses or adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Our operating results depend, in large part, upon our ability to manage interest rate risks effectively while maintaining our status as a REIT.

Prepayment Rates

Prepayments on MBS and the underlying mortgage loans may be influenced by changes in market interest rates and a variety of economic and geographic factors, policy decisions by regulators, as well as other factors beyond our control. To the extent we hold MBS acquired at a premium or discount to par, or face value, changes in prepayment rates may impact our anticipated yield. In periods of declining interest rates, prepayments on our MBS will likely increase. If we are unable to reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at comparable yields, our net interest income may decline. Our operating results depend, in large part, upon our ability to manage prepayment risks effectively while maintaining our status as a REIT.

While we use strategies to economically hedge some of our interest rate risk, we do not hedge all of our exposure to changes in interest rates and prepayment rates, as there are practical limitations on our ability to insulate our securities portfolio from all potential negative consequences associated with changes in short-term interest rates in a manner that will allow us to seek attractive net spreads on our securities portfolio. Also, since we have not elected to use cash flow hedge accounting, earnings reported in accordance with GAAP will fluctuate even in situations where our derivatives are operating as intended. As a result of this mark-to-market accounting treatment, our results of operations are likely to fluctuate far more than if we were to designate our derivative activities as cash flow hedges. Comparisons with companies that use cash flow hedge accounting for all or part of their derivative activities may not be meaningful. For these and other reasons more fully described under the section captioned “Derivative Instruments” below, no assurance can be given that our derivatives will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition.

In addition to the use of derivatives to hedge interest rate risk, a variety of other factors relating to our business may also impact our financial condition and operating performance; these factors include:

•our degree of leverage;

•our access to funding and borrowing capacity;

•the REIT requirements under the Code; and

•the requirements to qualify for an exclusion under the 1940 Act and other regulatory and accounting policies related to our business.

Management

See Note 8 and Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.

Market and Interest Rate Trends and the Effect on our Securities Portfolio

Federal Reserve Actions

On March 22, 2023, the Fed raised its target range for the Fed Funds Rate to between 4.75% and 5.00%, from 4.50% to 4.75% that they set on February 1, 2023. The Fed stated that some additional policy firming may be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2% over time. The Fed also stated that it will continue reducing its holdings of agency mortgage-backed securities and other fixed-income assets as described in its previously announced plans and that it will reinvest into agency MBS the amount of principal payments from the Fed's holdings of agency debt and agency MBS received in each calendar month that exceeds a cap of $35 billion

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

per month. The Fed further indicated that it will roll over at auction the amount of principal payments from its holdings of Treasury securities maturing in each calendar month that exceeds a cap of $60 million per month.

Financial markets will likely be highly sensitive to the Fed’s interest rate decisions, its bond purchasing and balance sheet holding decisions, as well as its communication. We intend to continue to mitigate risk and maximize liquidity within the scope of our business plan. The agency mortgage-backed securities market remains highly dependent on the future course and timing of the Fed's actions on interest rates as well as its purchases and holdings of our target assets.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") Actions

In March 2023, the FDIC placed into receivership Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank, the 16th and 29th largest banks in the U.S., respectively. As a result of the receivership, the FDIC acquired approximately $120 billion in securities, including approximately $60 billion of Agency MBS. The FDIC has retained BlackRock Financial Market Advisory group to sell these assets through a gradual and orderly process. The process commenced first on April 18, 2023 and is expected to ramp up to a pace of $6 billion to $8 billion per month over a period of approximately 10 months, subject to market conditions.

We expect these asset sales will create a modest drag on Agency MBS valuations. While some of the Agency MBS among these assets are similar to positions in ARMOUR’s portfolio, a majority consists of coupons and maturities not currently among our holdings. We have no current plans to expand ARMOUR’s portfolio holdings into the other coupons and maturities to be sold unless particularly attractive buying opportunities arise. Accordingly, we do not expect to see material impacts on ARMOUR’s current portfolio.

Developments at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

The payments we receive on the Agency Securities in which we invest depend upon a steady stream of payments by borrowers on the underlying mortgages and the fulfillment of guarantees by GSEs. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government's intervention in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will continue to be adequate or assured for the longer-term viability of these GSEs. These uncertainties may lead to concerns about the availability of and market for Agency Securities in the long term. Accordingly, if the GSEs defaulted on their guaranteed obligations, suffered losses or ceased to exist, the value of our Agency Securities and our business, operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

The passage of any new federal legislation affecting Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac may create market uncertainty and reduce the actual or perceived credit quality of securities issued or guaranteed by them. If Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were reformed or wound down, it is unclear what effect, if any, this would have on the value of the existing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Agency Securities. The foregoing could materially adversely affect the pricing, supply, liquidity and value of the Agency Securities in which we invest and otherwise materially adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition.

Short-term Interest Rates and Funding Costs

Changes in Fed policy affect our financial results, since our cost of funds is largely dependent on short-term rates. An increase in our cost of funds without a corresponding increase in interest income earned on our MBS would cause our net income to decline.

Below is the Fed's target range for the Fed Funds Rate at each Fed meeting where a change was made since March 2022.

Meeting Date	Lower Bound		Higher Bound
March 22, 2023	4.75	%	5.00	%
February 1, 2023	4.50	%	4.75	%
December 14, 2022	4.25	%	4.50	%

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

November 2, 2022	3.75	%	4.00	%
September 21, 2022	3.00	%	3.25	%
July 27, 2022	2.25	%	2.50	%
June 15, 2022	1.50	%	1.75	%
May 4, 2022	0.75	%	1.00	%
March 16, 2022	0.25	%	0.50	%

Our borrowings in the repurchase market have historically closely tracked the Fed Funds Rate, LIBOR (prior to its dissolution) and more recently SOFR. Traditionally, a lower Fed Funds Rate has indicated a time of increased net interest margin and higher asset values. Volatility in these rates and divergence from the historical relationship among these rates could negatively impact our ability to manage our securities portfolio. If rates were to increase as a result, our net interest margin and the value of our securities portfolio might suffer as a result. Our derivatives are either Fed Funds Rate or SOFR-based interest rate swap contracts (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).

The following graph shows the effective Fed Funds Rate as compared to SOFR on a monthly basis from March 31, 2021 to March 31, 2023.    

Long-term Interest Rates and Mortgage Spreads

Our securities are valued at an interest rate spread versus long-term interest rates (mortgage spread). This mortgage spread varies over time and can be above or below long-term averages, depending upon market participants' current desire to own MBS over other investment alternatives. When the mortgage spread gets smaller (or negative) versus long-term interest rates, our book value will be positively affected. When this spread gets larger (or positive), our book value will be negatively affected.

Mortgage spreads can vary due to movements in securities valuations, movements in long-term interest rates or a combination of both. We mainly use interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts and futures contracts to economically hedge against changes in the valuation of our securities. We do not use such hedging contracts for speculative purposes.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

We may reduce our mortgage spread exposure by entering in to certain TBA Agency Securities short positions. The TBA short positions may represent different securities and maturities than our MBS and TBA Agency Security long positions, and accordingly, may perform somewhat differently. While we expect our TBA Agency Securities short positions to perform well compared to our related mortgage securities, there can be no assurance as to their relative performance.

Results of Operations

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Interest Income	$	11,990	$	30,965
Total Other Loss	(33,359)		(88,172)
Total Expenses after fees waived	(9,990)		(9,227)
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities	7,471		—
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale Agency Securities	4,056		(78,538)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	11,527		(78,538)
Comprehensive Loss	$	(19,832)	$	(144,972)

Net Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflected interest income from a larger average securities portfolio and mark to market gains on our Agency Securities due to changes in interest rates, offset by higher interest expense, due to the larger average securities portfolio, higher interest rates applicable to repurchase agreements and lower income from our derivatives.

Net interest income is a function of both our securities portfolio size and net interest rate spread.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Interest Income	$	118,235	$	33,370
Interest Expense	(106,245)		(2,405)
Net Interest Income	$	11,990	$	30,965

•Our average securities portfolio, including TBA Agency Securities, increased 27.6% from $8,661,923 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $11,053,959 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to the repositioning of our securities portfolio.

•Our average securities portfolio yield increased 1.57% and our cost of funds increased 1.38% quarter over quarter.

•Our net interest rate spread increased by 0.19% quarter over quarter.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

The following table presents the components of the yield earned on our securities portfolio for the quarterly periods ended on the dates shown below:

	Asset Yield		Cost of Funds		Net Interest Margin		Interest Expense on Repurchase Agreements
March 31, 2023	3.77	%	1.80	%	1.97	%	4.71	%
December 31, 2022	3.25	%	0.66	%	2.59	%	3.80	%
September 2022	3.24	%	1.03	%	2.21	%	2.30	%
June 2022	2.88	%	0.66	%	2.22	%	0.83	%
March 2022	2.20	%	0.42	%	1.78	%	0.17	%
December 2021	2.15	%	0.40	%	1.75	%	0.16	%
September 2021	2.15	%	0.45	%	1.70	%	0.17	%
June 2021	1.95	%	0.50	%	1.45	%	0.17	%
March 2021	1.84	%	0.35	%	1.49	%	0.23	%

The yield on our assets is most significantly affected by the rate of repayments on our Agency Securities. The following graph shows the annualized CPR on a monthly basis for the quarterly periods ended on the dates shown below.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Other Income (Loss)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Other Income (Loss):
Realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities (reclassified from Comprehensive Income (Loss))	$	(7,471)	$	—
Gain (loss) on Agency Securities, trading	120,366		(254,389)
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities	(11,854)		(78,387)
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net	(134,400)		244,604
Total Other Loss	$	(33,359)	$	(88,172)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 vs.Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

•During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold the remaining balance of our Available for Sale Securities which resulted in a realized loss of $(7,471).

•Gain (loss) on Agency Securities, trading, includes changes in fair value of the securities as well as the gain (loss) on sales. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the change in fair value of the securities was $290,521 compared to $(254,389) for the three months ended March 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold $862,947 of Agency Securities, trading, resulting in a realized loss of $(170,155). There were no sales of Agency Securities, trading, during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities resulted from the change in fair value of the securities as well as the loss on sales. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the change in fair value of the securities was $(6,465). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold $613,852 of U.S. Treasury Securities resulting in realized a loss of $(5,389). For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the change in fair value of the securities was $(32,614). For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold $1,517,838 of U.S. Treasury Securities resulting in a loss of $(45,773).

•Gain on Derivatives resulted from a combination of the following:

◦Changes in fair value due to interest rate movements.

◦Interest rate swap contracts' aggregate notional balance increased from $6,350,000 at December 31, 2022 to $7,981,000 at March 31, 2023.

◦Our total TBA Agency Securities aggregate notional balance was $800,000 at December 31, 2022 and $0 at March 31, 2023. The decrease in TBA prices resulted in the gain (loss) of $2,843 and $(99,194) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Expenses:
Management fees	$	9,244	$	8,140
Compensation	1,159		1,409
Other Operating	1,237		1,628
Total Expenses	$	11,640	$	11,177
Less management fees waived	(1,650)		(1,950)
Total Expenses after fees waived	$	9,990	$	9,227

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Expenses

The Company is managed by ACM, pursuant to a management agreement. The management fees are determined based on gross equity raised. Therefore, management fees increase when we raise capital and decline when we repurchase previously issued stock and liquidate distributions as approved and so designated by a majority of the Board. However, because the management fee rate decreased to 0.75% per annum for gross equity raised in excess of $1.0 billion pursuant to the management agreement, the effective average management fee rate declines as equity is raised. The cost of repurchased stock and any dividends specifically designated by the Board as liquidation dividends will reduce the amount of gross equity raised used to calculate the monthly management fee. Realized and unrealized gains and losses do not affect the amount of gross equity raised. At March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the effective management fee, prior to management fees waived, was 0.94% and 0.97% based on gross equity raised of $3,965,947 and $3,368,971, respectively. ACM began waiving 40% of its management fee during the second quarter of 2020 and on January 13, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,400 for the first quarter of 2021 and $800 per month thereafter. On April 20, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,100 for the second quarter of 2021 and $700 per month thereafter. On October 25, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver from the rate of $700 per month to $650 per month, effective November 1, 2021, until further notice. On February 14, 2023, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $1,650 for the first quarter of 2023 and $550 per month thereafter until ACM provides further notice to ARMOUR (see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies).

Compensation includes non-executive director compensation as well as the restricted stock units awarded to our Board and executive officers through ACM. The fluctuation from year to year is due to the number of awards vesting.

Other Operating expenses include:

•Fees for market and pricing data, analytics and risk management systems and portfolio related data processing costs as well as stock exchange listing fees and similar stockholder related expenses, net of other miscellaneous income.

•Professional fees for securities clearing, legal, audit and consulting costs that are generally driven by the size and complexity of our securities portfolio, the volume of transactions we execute and the extent of research and due diligence activities we undertake on potential transactions.

•Insurance premiums for both general business and directors and officers liability coverage fluctuate from year to year due to changes in premiums.

Taxable Income

As a REIT that regularly distributes all of its taxable income, we are generally not required to pay federal income tax (see Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements).

Realized gains and losses on interest rate contracts and treasury futures terminated before their maturity are deferred and amortized over the remainder of the original term of the contract for REIT taxable income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had approximately $253,854 and $307,316, respectively, of net deductible expense relating to previously terminated interest rate swap and treasury futures contracts amortizing through the year 2032. At March 31, 2023, we had $257,341 of net operating loss carryforwards available for use indefinitely. For 2023, we forecast that estimated ordinary REIT taxable income will be positive. This would likely result in Series C Preferred Stock dividends for 2023 being treated as fully taxable ordinary income. Common stock dividends for 2023 are expected to partially be treated as taxable ordinary income.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners (see Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements).

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Financial Condition

Investments In Securities

Our securities portfolio consists primarily of Agency Securities backed by fixed rate home loans. From time to time, a portion of our Agency Securities may be backed by hybrid adjustable rate and adjustable rate home loans as well as unsecured notes and bonds issued by GSEs, U.S. Treasuries and money market instruments, subject to certain income tests we must satisfy for our qualification as a REIT. Our charter permits us to invest in MBS. Our TBA Agency Securities are reported at net carrying value and are reported in Derivatives, at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets(see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).

Agency Securities:

Agency Security purchase and sale transactions, including purchases and sales for forward settlement, are recorded on the trade date to the extent it is probable that we will take or make timely physical delivery of the related securities. Gains or losses realized from the sale of securities are included in income and are determined using the specific identification method. We typically purchase Agency Securities at premium prices. The premium price paid over par value on those assets is expensed as the underlying mortgages experience repayment or prepayment. The lower the prepayment rate, the lower the amount of amortization expense for a particular period. Accordingly, the yield on an asset and earnings are higher. If prepayment rates increase, the amount of amortization expense for a particular period will go up. These increased prepayment rates would act to decrease the yield on an asset and would decrease earnings.

Our net interest income is primarily a function of the difference between the yield on our assets and the financing (borrowing and hedging) cost of owning those assets. Since we tend to purchase Agency Securities at a premium to par, the main item that can affect the yield on our Agency Securities after they are purchased is the rate at which the mortgage borrowers repay the loan. While the scheduled repayments, which are the principal portion of the homeowners’ regular monthly payments, are fairly predictable, the unscheduled repayments, which are generally refinancing of the mortgage but can also result from repurchases of delinquent, defaulted, or modified loans, are less so. Being able to accurately estimate and manage these repayment rates is a critical portion of the management of our securities portfolio, not only for estimating current yield but also for considering the rate of reinvestment of those proceeds into new securities, the yields on those new securities and the impact of the repayments on our hedging strategy.

Adjustable and hybrid adjustable rate mortgage loans underlying some of our Agency Securities have fixed interest rates after which time the interest rates reset and become adjustable. After a reset date, interest rates on our adjustable and hybrid adjustable Agency Securities float based on spreads over various indices, typically the one-year constant maturity treasury rate. These interest rates are subject to caps that limit the amount the applicable interest rate can increase during any year, known as an annual cap and through the maturity of the security, known as a lifetime cap.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we designated Agency MBS purchased as “trading securities” for financial reporting purposes, and consequently, fair value changes for these investments will be reported in net income. We anticipate continuing this designation for newly acquired Agency MBS positions because it is more representative of our results of operations insofar as the fair value changes for these securities are presented in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes of our hedging instruments.

TBA Agency Securities:

We account for TBA Agency Securities as derivative instruments if it is reasonably possible that we will not take or make physical delivery of the Agency Security upon settlement of the contract. TBA Agency Securities are forward contracts for the purchase (“long position”) or sale (“short position”) of Agency Securities at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency Securities delivered pursuant to the contract upon the settlement date, published each month by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, are not known at the time of the transaction. We estimate the fair value of TBA Agency Securities based on similar methods

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

used to value our Agency Securities. TBA Agency Securities are included in the table below on a gross basis as they can be used to establish and finance portfolio positions in Agency Securities.

The tables below summarize certain characteristics of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Fair Value		CPR (1)		Weighted Average Months to Maturity	Percent of Total
Agency Fixed Rates ≥ 181 months
3.0%	957,115		961,520		(101,992)		859,528		2.9	%	346	7.1	%
3.5%	1,217,140		1,200,316		(69,518)		1,130,798		2.2	%	349	9.4	%
4.0%	1,184,759		1,186,409		(51,547)		1,134,862		3.1	%	350	9.4	%
4.5%	1,330,730		1,325,431		(22,016)		1,303,415		3.8	%	352	10.8	%
5.0%	2,021,609		2,017,819		(625)		2,017,194		3.8	%	353	16.7	%
5.5%	3,313,241		3,350,966		(3,438)		3,347,528		5.0	%	356	27.7	%
6.0%	2,182,593		2,232,893		(3,695)		2,229,198		8.6	%	357	18.4	%
6.5%	60,123		61,675		513		62,188		1.6	%	357	0.5	%
Total Agency Securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(252,318)	$	12,084,711	4.7	%	354	100.0	%

(1)Weighted average CPR during the quarter for the securities owned at March 31, 2023. Negative CPR can occur if payments are not made on the first of the month and the scheduled principal amount is not received.

December 31, 2022	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Fair Value		CPR (1)		Weighted Average Months to Maturity	Percent of Total
Agency Fixed Rates ≤ 180 months
3.5% to 6.0%	$	14,264	$	14,760	$	(768)	$	13,992	1.3	%	111	0.2	%
Agency Fixed Rates ≥ 181 months
2.0%	390,154		397,483		(74,778)		322,705		7.3	%	336	3.6	%
2.5%	608,261		645,600		(119,925)		525,675		8.3	%	331	5.9	%
3.0%	969,166		973,560		(120,174)		853,386		3.9	%	349	9.5	%
3.5%	1,229,970		1,212,939		(91,395)		1,121,544		3.4	%	352	12.5	%
4.0%	1,217,621		1,219,805		(72,499)		1,147,306		3.8	%	352	12.8	%
4.5%	1,509,102		1,510,336		(52,439)		1,457,897		4.4	%	350	16.2	%
5.0%	1,733,644		1,730,097		(17,792)		1,712,305		4.6	%	356	19.0	%
5.5%	1,039,085		1,048,377		(4,596)		1,043,781		—	%	357	11.6	%
Total Agency Securities	$	8,711,267	$	8,752,957	$	(554,366)	$	8,198,591	4.0	%	351	91.3	%
TBA Agency Securities:
30 Year (2)
4.5%	$	500,000	$	489,805	$	(8,164)	$	481,641	n/a		n/a	5.4	%
5.0%	$	300,000	$	300,164	$	(4,336)	$	295,828	n/a		n/a	3.3	%
Total TBA Agency Securities	$	800,000	$	789,969	$	(12,500)	$	777,469	n/a		0	8.7	%
Totals	$	9,511,267	$	9,542,926	$	(566,866)	$	8,976,060				100.0	%

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

(1)Weighted average CPR during the fourth quarter for the securities owned at December 31, 2022. Negative CPR can occur if payments are not made on the first of the month and the scheduled principal amount is not received.

(2)Our TBA Agency Securities were recorded as derivative instruments in our accompanying consolidated financial statements. Our TBA Agency Securities were reported at net carrying values of $(11,797), at December 31, 2022 and were reported in Derivatives, at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).

The following tables summarize changes in our investments in securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding TBA Agency Securities (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).

	Available for Sale Securities			Trading Securities
	Agency			Agency			U.S. Treasuries			U.S. Treasury Securities Sold Short
March 31, 2023
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	187,944		$	8,010,647		$	—		$	(506,074)
Purchases (1)	—			4,964,221			619,373			—
Proceeds from sales	(189,931)			(862,947)			(613,852)			—
Principal repayments	(1,997)			(146,526)			—			—
Current gains (losses)	3,946			115,008			(5,394)			(6,465)
Accrued interest payable	—			—			—			(5,242)
Amortization:
Prior unrealized (gains) losses	110			5,358			5			—
Purchase (premium) discount	(72)			(1,050)			(132)			—
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	—		$	12,084,711		$	—		(517,781)
Percentage of Portfolio	—		%	100.00		%	—		%
December 31, 2022
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,387,845		$	3,018,676		$	198,833		$	—
Purchases (1)	—			11,809,926			4,820,464			—
Proceeds from sales	(988,728)			(5,360,328)			(4,876,767)			(494,797)
Principal repayments	(77,101)			(496,508)			—			—
Current losses	(122,917)			(980,365)			(144,918)			(7,859)
Credit loss expense	(4,183)			—			—			—
Accrued interest payable	—			—			—			(3,418)
Amortization:
Prior unrealized (gains) losses	(3,035)			33,699			509			—
Purchase (premium) discount	(3,937)			(14,453)			1,879			—
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	187,944		$	8,010,647		$	—		$	(506,074)
Percentage of Portfolio	2.29		%	97.71		%	—		%

(1)Purchases include cash paid during the period, plus payable for investment securities purchased during the period as of period end.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Repurchase Agreements, net

We have entered into repurchase agreements to finance the majority of our MBS. Our repurchase agreements are secured by our MBS and bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to the Fed Funds Rate, LIBOR (prior to its dissolution) and most recently SOFR. We have established borrowing relationships with numerous investment banking firms and other lenders, 16 of which had open repurchase agreements with us at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We had outstanding balances under our repurchase agreements, net at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $10,554,538 and $6,463,058, respectively, consistent with the increase in our MBS in our securities portfolio. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, BUCKLER accounted for 49.6% and 50.2%, respectively, of our aggregate borrowings and had an amount at risk of 15.2% and 12.9%, respectively, of our total stockholders' equity with a weighted average maturity of 18 days and 15 days, respectively, on repurchase agreements (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).

Our repurchase agreements require excess collateral, known as a “haircut.” At March 31, 2023, the average haircut percentage was 3.40% compared to 3.85% at December 31, 2022. The change in the average haircut percentage is a reflection of the decrease in our securities portfolio and the disposition of our Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities which had higher haircut levels than our Agency Securities.

Derivative Instruments

We use various contracts to manage our interest rate risk as we deem prudent in light of market conditions and the associated costs with counterparties that have a high quality credit rating and with futures exchanges. We generally pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate with the objective of fixing a portion of our borrowing costs and hedging the change in our book value to some degree. The floating rate we receive is generally the Fed Funds Rate or SOFR.

We had contractual commitments under derivatives at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had derivatives with a net fair value of $787,321 and $971,440, respectively. The following tables present information about the potential effects of netting our derivatives if we were to offset the assets and liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We currently present these financial instruments at their gross amounts and they are included in Derivatives, at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Assets	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	848,572	$	(848,572)	$	—	$	—
Futures contracts	—		(29,016)		93,937		64,921
TBA Agency Securities	—		—		22,295		22,295
Totals	$	848,572	$	(877,588)	$	116,232	$	87,216
December 31, 2022
Interest rate swap contracts	$	983,659	$	—	$	(955,941)	$	27,718
Futures contracts	94		(516)		9,334		8,912
TBA Agency Securities	703		(12,500)		13,633		1,836
Totals	$	984,456	$	(13,016)	$	(932,974)	$	38,466

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $2,857 amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

All of our interest rate contracts have floating leg interest rate indexes of either the Fed Funds Rate or SOFR. The Fed Funds Rate is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and is a measure of unsecured borrowings by depository institutions from other depository institutions or GSEs. SOFR is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and is the average overnight rate for borrowings secured by US Treasury securities. We enter into interest rate swap contracts either directly with a counterparty (a “bilateral” contract) or through a centrally-cleared swap contract. In a bilateral contract, we exchange margin collateral with the counterparty and have exposure to counterparty risk. In a centrally-cleared contract, we exchange margin collateral with a Futures Clearing Merchant, with whom we have opened an account. Our counterparty risk is limited to the clearing exchange itself. All of our centrally-cleared swaps are cleared by the CME.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Liabilities	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	(32,235)	$	848,572	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
Futures contracts	(29,016)		29,016		—		—
Totals	$	(61,251)	$	877,588	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
December 31, 2022
Futures contracts	$	(516)	$	516	$	—	$	—
TBA Agency Securities	(12,500)		12,500		—		—
Totals	$	(13,016)	$	13,016	$	—	$	—

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $(32,235) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

At March 31, 2023, we had interest rate swap contracts with an aggregate notional balance of $7,981,000, a weighted average swap rate of 1.92% and a weighted average term of 63 months. At December 31, 2022, we had interest rate swap contracts with an aggregate notional balance of $6,350,000, a weighted average swap rate of 0.72% and a weighted average term of 73 months (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements). We also had TBA Agency Securities with an aggregate notional balance of $800,000 at December 31, 2022.

The following table details the changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Interest Swap Contracts	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net Balance, beginning of period	$	983,659	$	180,476
Net interest rate swap contract payments paid (received)	(29,611)		17,027
Interest rate swap income accrued	78,941		107,269
Interest rate swap expense accrued	(31,403)		(54,049)
Current unrealized gains (losses)	(233,984)		677,865
Amortization of prior unrealized gains	60,032		122,101
Loss on early terminations	(11,297)		(67,030)
Net, Balance, end of period	$	816,337	$	983,659

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Our policies do not contain specific requirements as to the percentages or amount of interest rate risk that we are required to hedge. No assurance can be given that our derivatives will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. We have not elected cash flow hedge accounting treatment as allowed by GAAP. Since we do not designate our derivative activities as cash flow hedges, realized as well as unrealized gains/losses from these transactions will impact our GAAP earnings.

Use of derivative instruments may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things:

•available derivatives may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought (e.g., the difference in interest rate movements for long-term U.S. Treasury Securities compared to Agency Securities);

•the duration of the derivatives may not match the duration of the related liability;

•the counterparty to a derivative agreement with us may default on its obligation to pay or not perform under the terms of the agreement and the collateral posted may not be sufficient to protect against any consequent loss;

•we may lose collateral we have pledged to secure our obligations under a derivative agreement if the associated counterparty becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy;

•we may experience a termination event under one or more of our derivative agreements related to our REIT status, equity levels and performance, which could result in a payout to the associated counterparty and a taxable loss to us;

•the credit-quality of the party owing money on the derivatives may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and

•the value of derivatives may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with GAAP to reflect changes in fair value; downward adjustments, or “mark-to-market losses,” would reduce our net income or increase any net loss.

Although we attempt to structure our derivatives to offset the changes in asset prices, the complexity of the actual and expected prepayment characteristics of the underlying mortgages as well as the volatility in mortgage interest rates relative to U.S. Treasury and interest rate swap contract rates makes achieving high levels of offset difficult. We recognized net gains (losses) related to our derivatives of $(134,400) and $244,604, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has adopted rules requiring certain interest rate swap contracts to be cleared through a derivatives clearing organization. We are required to clear certain new interest rate swap contracts. Cleared interest rate swaps may have higher margin requirements than uncleared interest rate swaps we previously had. We have established an account with a futures commission merchant for this purpose. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we entered into $2,400,000 notional amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

We are required to account for our TBA Agency Securities as derivatives when it is reasonably possible that we will not take or make timely physical delivery of the related securities. However, from time to time, we use TBA Agency Securities primarily to effectively establish portfolio positions. See the section, "TBA Agency Securities" above.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

The following graphs present the notional and weighted average interest rate of our interest rate swap contracts by year of maturity.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 At March 31, 2023, our liquidity totaled $550,225, consisting of $135,445 of cash plus $414,780 of unencumbered Agency Securities and U.S. government securities (including securities received as collateral). Our primary sources of funds are borrowings under repurchase arrangements, monthly principal and interest payments on our MBS and cash generated from our operating results. Other potential sources of liquidity include our automatic shelf registration filed with the SEC, pursuant to which we may offer an unspecified amount of shares of our common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares and debt securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold 29,863 shares under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement for proceeds of $181,205, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,968. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 843 common shares under our current repurchase authorization for a cost of $4,305 (refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements). See Note 14 for additional discussion of transactions with BUCKLER.

We generally maintain liquidity to pay down borrowings under repurchase arrangements to reduce borrowing costs and otherwise efficiently manage our long-term investment capital. Because the level of our borrowings can be adjusted on a daily basis, the level of cash carried on our consolidated balance sheet is significantly less important than our potential liquidity available under our borrowing arrangements. We continue to pursue additional lending counterparties in order to help increase our financial flexibility and ability to withstand periods of contracting liquidity in the credit markets.

In addition to the repurchase agreement financing discussed above, from time to time we have entered into reverse repurchase agreements with certain of our repurchase agreement counterparties. Under a typical reverse repurchase agreement, we purchase U.S. Treasury Securities from a borrower in exchange for cash and agree to sell the same securities back in the future. We then sell such U.S. Treasury Securities to third parties and recognize a liability to return the securities to the original borrower. Reverse repurchase agreement receivables and repurchase agreement liabilities are presented net when they meet certain criteria, including being with the same counterparty, being governed by the same MRA, settlement through the same brokerage or clearing account and maturing on the same day. The practical effect of these transactions is to replace a portion of our repurchase agreement financing of our MBS in our securities portfolio with short positions in U.S. Treasury Securities. We believe that this helps to reduce interest rate risk, and therefore counterparty credit and liquidity risk. Both parties to the repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions have

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

the right to make daily margin calls based on changes in the value of the collateral obtained and/or pledged. At March 31, 2023 we had $504,375 in reverse repurchase agreements and obligations to return securities received as collateral associated with our reverse repurchase agreements of $509,121. At December 31, 2022 we had $704,276 in reverse repurchase agreements and obligations to return securities received as collateral associated with our reverse repurchase agreements of $502,656.

Our primary uses of cash are to purchase MBS, pay interest and principal on our borrowings, fund our operations and pay dividends. From time to time, we purchase or sell assets for forward settlement up to 90 days in the future to lock in purchase prices or sales proceeds. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we financed our securities portfolio with $10,554,538 and $6,463,058 of borrowings under repurchase agreements. We generally seek to borrow (on a recourse basis) between six and ten times the amount of our total stockholders’ equity. Our debt to equity ratios at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were 8.69:1 and 5.81:1, respectively, as we substituted Agency MBS for TBA Agency Securities. Our leverage ratios, including notional on our TBA Agency Securities, were 8.69:1 and 6.51:1 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Implied leverage, including TBA Securities and forward settling sales and unsettled purchases was 8.69:1 and 6.83:1 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Securities Portfolio Matters

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Securities purchased using proceeds from repurchase agreements and principal repayments	$	5,583,594	$	5,119,205
Average securities portfolio	$	11,053,959	$	8,661,923
Cash received from principal repayments on MBS	$	148,523	$	131,356
Net cash increase from repurchase agreements, net	$	4,091,480	$	2,491,967
Cash interest payments made on liabilities	$	107,680	$	19,398
Cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities (1)	$	54,219	$	(83,704)

(1)The increase in cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties related to operating activities from 2022 to 2023 is related to the realized gains on derivatives in 2023.

Other Contractual Obligations

The Company is managed by ACM, pursuant to a management agreement (see Note 8 and Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements). The management agreement runs through December 31, 2029 and is thereafter automatically renewed for an additional five-year term unless terminated under certain circumstances.

The following table reconciles the fees incurred in accordance with the management agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements).

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
ARMOUR management fees	$	9,229	$	8,125
Less management fees waived	(1,650)		(1,950)
Total management fee expense	$	7,579	$	6,175

We adopted the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the “Plan”) to attract, retain and reward directors and other persons who provide services to us in the course of operations. The Plan authorizes the Board to grant awards including common stock, restricted shares of common stock (“RSUs”), stock options, performance shares, performance

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

units, stock appreciation rights and other equity and cash-based awards (collectively, “Awards”), subject to terms as provided in the Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 867 shares available for future issuance under the Plan.

At March 31, 2023, there was approximately $14,126 of unvested stock based compensation related to the Awards (based on a weighted grant date price of $7.96 per share), which we expect to recognize as an expense as follows: for the remainder of 2023 an expense of $2,805, in 2024 an expense of $3,626, and thereafter an expense of $7,695. Our policy is to account for forfeitures as they occur. We also pay each of our non-executive Board members quarterly fees, which are payable in cash, common stock, RSUs or a combination of common stock, RSUs and cash at the option of the director. Compensation to be paid to our non-executive Board in the form of cash and common equity is $1,351 annually (see Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements).

We currently believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available for the acquisition of additional investments, repayments on repurchase borrowings, reacquisition of securities to be returned to borrowers and the payment of cash dividends as required for continued qualification as a REIT.

Repurchase Agreements, net

Declines in the value of our Agency Securities portfolio can trigger margin calls by our lenders under our repurchase agreements. An event of default or termination event under the standard MRA would give our counterparty the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due to be payable immediately.

Changing capital or other financial market regulatory requirements may cause our lenders to exit the repurchase market, increase financing rates, tighten lending standards or increase the amount of required equity capital or haircut we post, any of which could make it more difficult or costly for us to obtain financing.

The following graph represents the outstanding balances of our repurchase agreements (before the effect of netting reverse repurchase agreements), which finance most of our MBS. Our repurchase agreements balance will fluctuate based on our change in capital, leverage targets and the market prices of our assets (including the effects of principal paydowns) and the level and timing of investment and reinvestment activity (see Note 6 and Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements).

46

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Effects of Margin Requirements, Leverage and Credit Spreads

Our MBS have values that fluctuate according to market conditions and, as discussed above, the market value of our MBS will decrease as prevailing interest rates or credit spreads increase. When the value of the securities pledged to secure a repurchase agreement decreases to the point where the positive difference between the collateral value and the loan amount is less than the haircut, our lenders may issue a margin call, which requires us to pay the difference in cash or pledge additional collateral to meet the obligations under our repurchase agreements. Under our repurchase facilities, our lenders have full discretion to determine the value of the MBS we pledge to them. Most of our lenders will value securities based on recent trades in the market. Lenders also issue margin calls as the published current principal balance factors change on the pool of mortgages underlying the securities pledged as collateral when scheduled and unscheduled principal repayments are announced monthly.

Forward-Looking Statements Regarding Liquidity

Based on our current portfolio, leverage rate and available borrowing arrangements, we believe that our cash flow from operations and our ability to make timely portfolio adjustments will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term (one year or less) liquidity requirements such as to fund our investment activities, meet our financing obligations, pay fees under the management agreement and fund our distributions to stockholders and pay general corporate expenses.

We may increase our capital resources by obtaining long-term credit facilities or making public or private offerings of equity or debt securities, including classes of preferred stock, common stock and senior or subordinated notes to meet our liquidity requirements. As of the date hereof, we have "at-the-market" offering programs with 3,153 shares available under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement and 33,150 shares of common stock remain available under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement (see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements). These liquidity requirements include maturing repurchase agreements, settling TBA Agency Security positions and potentially making net payments on our interest rate swap contracts, and in each case, continuing to meet ongoing margin requirements. Such financing will depend on market conditions for capital raises and for the investment of any proceeds and there can be no assurances that we will successfully obtain any such financing.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Stockholders’ Equity

See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

 Critical Accounting Policies

Valuation

Fair value is based on valuations obtained from third-party pricing services and/or dealer quotes. The third-party pricing services use common market pricing methods that include valuation models which incorporate such factors as coupons, collateral type, bond structure, historical and projected future prepayment speeds, priority of payments, historical and projected future delinquency rates and default severities, spread to the Treasury curve and interest rate swap curves, duration, periodic and life caps and credit enhancement. If the fair value of the MBS is not available from the third-party pricing services or such data appears unreliable, we obtain pricing indications from up to three dealers who make markets in similar MBS. Management reviews pricing used to ensure that current market conditions are properly reflected. This review includes, but is not limited to, comparisons of similar market transactions or alternative third-party pricing services, dealer pricing indications and comparisons to a third-party pricing model.

Valuation modeling is required because each individual MBS pool is a separately identified security with individual combinations of characteristics that influence market pricing. While the Agency Security market is generally very active and liquid within the context of broader classes of MBS, any particular security will likely trade infrequently. Our interest rate contracts are bilateral contracts with individual dealers and counterparties and are not cleared through recognized clearing organizations. Valuation models for these positions rely on information from the active and liquid general interest rate swap market to infer the value of these unique positions.

From time to time, we challenge the information and valuations we receive from third-party pricing services. Occasionally, the third-party pricing services revise their information or valuations as a result of such challenges. While we have concluded that the fair values reflected in the financial statements are appropriate, there is no way to verify that the particular fair value estimated for any individual position represents the price at which it may actually be bought or sold at any given date.

Fair value for our U.S. Treasury Securities is based on obtaining a valuation for each U.S. Treasury Security from third-party pricing services and/or dealer quotes.

We update our fair value estimates at the end of each business day to reflect current market dynamics. During times of high market volatility, it can be difficult to obtain accurate market information timely, and accordingly, the confidence interval around our valuation estimates will increase, potentially significantly. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the largest inter-day movement was the overall estimated values of our investment and hedge positions translated to a change in estimated book value of $(0.19) per common share. Similarly, 95% of inter-day movements in estimated value translated to changes in estimated book value per share of $0.19 or less.

Inflation

Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate-sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more than inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and any distributions we may make will be determined by our Board based in part on our REIT taxable income as calculated according to the requirements of the Code; in each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to fair value without considering inflation.

Subsequent Events

See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The forward-looking statements in this report are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations are subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. See Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully consider these risks before you make an investment decision with respect to our stock, along with the following factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:

•the impact of COVID-19 or a new pandemic on our operations;

•the geopolitical situation as a result of the war in Ukraine may continue to adversely affect the U.S. economy, which may lead the Fed to take actions that may impact our business;

•the impact of the federal conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and related efforts, along with any changes in laws and regulations affecting the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the federal government and the Fed system;

•the possible material adverse effect on our business if the U.S. Congress passed legislation reforming or winding down Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac;

•mortgage loan modification programs and future legislative action;

•actions by the Fed which could cause a change of the yield curve, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders;

•the impact of a delay or failure of the U.S. Government in reaching an agreement on the national debt ceiling;

•availability, terms and deployment of capital;

•extended trade disputes with foreign countries;

•changes in economic conditions generally;

•changes in interest rates, interest rate spreads and the yield curve or prepayment rates;

•general volatility of the financial markets, including markets for mortgage securities;

•a downgrade of the U.S. Government's or certain European countries' credit ratings and future downgrades of the U.S. Government's or certain European countries' credit ratings may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;

•our inability to maintain the level of non-taxable returns of capital through the payment of dividends to our stockholders or to pay dividends to our stockholders at all;

•inflation or deflation;

•the impact of a shutdown of the U.S. Government;

•availability of suitable investment opportunities;

•the degree and nature of our competition, including competition for MBS;

•changes in our business and investment strategy;

•our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT;

•our failure to maintain an exemption from being regulated as a commodity pool operator;

•our dependence on ACM and ability to find a suitable replacement if ACM was to terminate its management relationship with us;

•the existence of conflicts of interest in our relationship with ACM, BUCKLER, certain of our directors and our officers, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interest of our stockholders;

•the potential for BUCKLER's inability to access attractive repurchase financing on our behalf or secure profitable third-party business;

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (continued)

•our management's competing duties to other affiliated entities, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interest of our stockholders;

•changes in personnel at ACM or the availability of qualified personnel at ACM;

•limitations imposed on our business by our status as a REIT under the Code;

•the potential burdens on our business of maintaining our exclusion from the 1940 Act and possible consequences of losing that exclusion;

•changes in GAAP, including interpretations thereof; and

•changes in applicable laws and regulations.

We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this report. We do not intend and disclaim any duty or obligation to update or revise any industry information or forward-looking statements set forth in this report to reflect new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under the U.S. federal securities laws.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Term	Definition
Agency Securities	Securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae; interests in or obligations backed by pools of fixed rate, hybrid adjustable rate and adjustable rate mortgage loans.
ARMs	Adjustable Rate Mortgage backed securities.
Basis swap contracts	Derivative contracts that allow us to exchange one floating interest rate basis for another, for example, 3 month Fed Funds Rates, thereby allowing us to diversify our floating rate basis exposures.
Board	ARMOUR’s Board of Directors.
BUCKLER	A Delaware limited liability company, and a FINRA-regulated broker-dealer. The primary purpose of our investment in BUCKLER is to facilitate our access to repurchase financing, on potentially more attractive terms (considering rate, term, size, haircut, relationship and funding commitment) compared to other suitable repurchase financing counterparties.
CFO	Chief Financial Officer of ARMOUR, James Mountain.
CME	Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Co-CEOs	Co-Chief Executive Officers of ARMOUR, Jeffrey Zimmer and Scott Ulm.
Code	The Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Common Stock Repurchase Program	ARMOUR's common stock repurchase program authorized by our Board.
COVID-19	The Coronavirus pandemic.
CPR	Constant prepayment rate.
Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities	Securities backed by residential mortgages in which we may invest, which are not issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae.
Dodd-Frank Act	The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Exchange Act	Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Fannie Mae	The Federal National Mortgage Association.
Fed	The U.S. Federal Reserve.
Fed Funds Rate	Federal Funds Effective Rate.
FINRA	The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. A private corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization.
Freddie Mac	The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
GAAP	Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Ginnie Mae	The Government National Mortgage Administration.
GSE	A U.S. Government Sponsored Entity. Obligations of agencies originally established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress; these obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Haircut	The weighted average margin requirement, or the percentage amount by which the collateral value must exceed the loan amount. Among other things, it is a measure of our unsecured credit risk to our lenders.
Hybrid	A mortgage that has a fixed rate for an initial term after which the rate becomes adjustable according to a specific schedule.
Interest-Only Securities	The interest portion of Agency Securities, which is separated and sold individually from the principal portion of the same payment.
ISDA	International Swaps and Derivatives Association.

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ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)

JAVELIN	JAVELIN Mortgage Investment Corp., formerly a publicly-traded REIT. Since its acquisition on April 6, 2016, JAVELIN became a wholly-owned, qualified REIT subsidiary of ARMOUR and continues to be managed by ACM pursuant to the pre-existing management agreement between JAVELIN and ACM.
LIBOR	The London Interbank Offered Rate.
MBS	Mortgage backed securities. A security representing a direct interest in a pool of mortgage loans. The pass-through issuer or servicer collects the payments on the loans in the pool and “passes through” the principal and interest to the security holders on a pro rata basis.
Merger	The merger of JMI Acquisition Corporation with and into JAVELIN on April 6, 2016.
MRA	Master repurchase agreement. A document that outlines standard terms between the Company and counterparties for repurchase agreement transactions.
Multi-Family MBS	MBS issued under Fannie Mae's Delegated Underwriting System (DUS) program.
REIT	Real Estate Investment Trust. A special purpose investment vehicle that provides investors with the ability to participate directly in the ownership or financing of real-estate related assets by pooling their capital to purchase and manage mortgage loans and/or income property.
SEC	The Securities and Exchange Commission.
SOFR	Secured overnight funding rate. A measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury Securities.
TBA Agency Securities	Forward contracts for the purchase (“long position”) or sale (“short position”) of Agency Securities at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date.
TBA Drop Income	The discount associated with TBA Agency Securities contracts which reflects the expected interest income on the underlying deliverable Agency Securities, net of an implied financing cost, which would have been earned by the buyer if the TBA Agency Securities contract had settled on the next regular settlement date instead of the forward settlement date specified. TBA Drop Income is calculated as the difference between the forward settlement price of the TBA Agency Securities contract and the spot price of similar TBA Agency Securities contracts for regular settlement. The Company generally accounts for TBA Agency Securities contracts as derivatives and TBA Drop Income is included as part of the periodic changes in fair value of the TBA Agency Securities that the Company recognizes in the Other Income (Loss) section of its Consolidated Statement of Operations.
TRS	Taxable REIT subsidiary.
U.S.	United States.
1940 Act	The Investment Company Act of 1940.

52

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

We seek to manage our risks related to the credit-quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value while, at the same time, seeking to provide an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk adjusted returns through ownership of our capital stock. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.

Interest Rate Risk

Our primary market risk is interest rate risk. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Changes in the general level of interest rates can affect net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on our assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our liabilities, by affecting the spread between the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the level of interest rates also can affect the value of MBS and our ability to realize gains from the sale of these assets. A decline in the value of the MBS pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels.

A portion of our securities portfolio consists of hybrid adjustable rate and adjustable rate MBS. Hybrid mortgages are ARMs that have a fixed interest rate for an initial period of time (typically three years or greater) and then convert to an adjustable rate for the remaining loan term. ARMs are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps that limit the amount the interest rate can change during any given period. Furthermore, some ARMs may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of the interest being deferred and added to the principal outstanding. ARMs are also typically subject to a minimum interest rate payable. Most of our adjustable rate assets are based on the one-year constant maturity treasury rate. Our fixed rate MBS have interest rates that are not variable and are constant for the entire loan term.

Our borrowings are not subject to similar restrictions and are generally repurchase agreements of limited duration that track the Fed Funds Rate and SOFR and are periodically refinanced at current market rates. Therefore, on average, our cost of funds may rise or fall more quickly than our earnings rate on our assets. Hence, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rates on our borrowings could increase without limitation, while the changes in the interest rates on our mortgage related assets could be limited. These factors could lower our net interest income or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest rates, which would negatively impact our liquidity, net income and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

We anticipate that in most cases the interest rates, interest rate indices and repricing terms of our mortgage assets and our funding sources will not be identical, thereby creating an interest rate mismatch between assets and liabilities. These indices generally move in the same direction, but there can be no assurance that this will continue to occur. Furthermore, our net income may vary somewhat as the spread between one-month interest rates, the typical term for our repurchase agreements, and the interest rates on our mortgage assets varies. During periods of changing interest rates, such interest rate mismatches could negatively impact our net interest income, dividend yield and the market price of our stock.

Another component of interest rate risk is the effect changes in interest rates will have on the market value of our MBS. We face the risk that the market value of our MBS will increase or decrease at different rates than that of our liabilities, including our derivative instruments and obligations to return securities received as collateral.

We primarily assess our interest rate risk by estimating the effective duration of our assets and the effective duration of our liabilities and by estimating the time difference between the interest rate adjustment of our assets and the interest rate adjustment of our liabilities. Effective duration essentially measures the market price volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change. We generally estimate effective duration using various financial models and empirical data. Different models and methodologies can produce different effective duration estimates for the same securities.

53

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Market Risk Disclosures (continued)

The sensitivity analysis tables presented below reflect the estimated impact of an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve, up and down 50 and 100 basis points, on the market value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and net interest income, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. It assumes that the mortgage spread on our MBS remains constant. Actual interest rate movements over time will likely be different, and such differences may be material. When evaluating the impact of changes in interest rates, prepayment assumptions and principal reinvestment rates are adjusted based on ACM’s expectations. Interest rates for interest rate swaps and repurchase agreements are assumed to remain positive. The analysis presented utilized assumptions, models and estimates of ACM based on ACM's judgment and experience.

	Percentage Change in Projected
Change in Interest Rates	Net Interest Income	Portfolio Including Derivatives	Shareholder's Equity
March 31, 2023
1.00%	(1.28)%	(1.15)%	(11.64)%
0.50%	(0.60)%	(0.47)%	(4.79)%
(0.50)%	0.52%	0.22%	2.20%
(1.00)%	0.97%	0.15%	1.51%
December 31, 2022
1.00%	2.81%	(1.60)%	(13.54)%
0.50%	1.41%	(0.76)%	(6.39)%
(0.50)%	(1.42)%	0.60%	5.08%
(1.00)%	(2.87)%	0.98%	8.31%

While the tables above reflect the estimated immediate impact of interest rate increases and decreases on a static securities portfolio, we rebalance our securities portfolio from time to time either to seek to take advantage of or reduce the impact of changes in interest rates. It is important to note that the impact of changing interest rates on market value and net interest income can change significantly when interest rates change beyond 100 basis points from current levels. Therefore, the volatility in the market value of our assets could increase significantly when interest rates change beyond amounts shown in the tables above. In addition, other factors impact the market value of and net interest income from our interest rate-sensitive investments and derivative instruments, such as the shape of the yield curve, market expectations as to future interest rate changes and other market conditions. Accordingly, interest income would likely differ from that shown above and such difference might be material and adverse to our stockholders.

Mortgage Spread Risk

Weakness in the mortgage market may adversely affect the performance and market value of our investments. This could negatively impact our book value. Furthermore, if our lenders are unwilling or unable to provide additional financing, we could be forced to sell our MBS at an inopportune time when prices are depressed.

The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our securities portfolio and in our shareholders' equity as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The estimated impact of changes in spreads is in addition to our interest rate sensitivity presented above. Our securities portfolio's sensitivity to mortgage spread changes will vary with changes in interest rates and in the size and composition of our securities portfolio. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.

54

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Market Risk Disclosures (continued)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Percentage Change in Projected		Percentage Change in Projected
Change in MBS spread	Portfolio Value	Shareholders' Equity	Portfolio Value	Shareholders' Equity
+25 BPS	(1.26)%	(12.50)%	(1.54)%	(12.39)%
+10 BPS	(0.50)%	(5.00)%	(0.61)%	(4.96)%
-10 BPS	0.50%	5.00%	0.61%	4.96%
-25 BPS	1.26%	12.50%	1.54%	12.39%

Prepayment Risk

As we receive payments of principal on our MBS, premiums paid on such securities are amortized against interest income and discounts are accreted to interest income as realized. Premiums arise when we acquire MBS at prices in excess of the principal balance of the mortgage loans underlying such MBS. Conversely, discounts arise when we acquire MBS at prices below the principal balance, adjusted for expected impairment losses, of the mortgage loans underlying such MBS. Volatility in actual prepayment speeds will create volatility in the amount of premium amortization we recognize. Higher speeds will reduce our interest income and lower speeds will increase our interest income.

Credit Risk

We have limited our exposure to impairment losses on our securities portfolio of Agency Securities. The payment of principal and interest on the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae Agency Securities are guaranteed by those respective agencies and the payment of principal and interest on the Agency Securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac remain in conservatorship of the U.S. Government. There can be no assurances as to how or when the U.S. Government will end these conservatorships or how the future profitability of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and any future credit rating actions may impact the credit risk associated with Agency Securities and, therefore, the value of the Agency Securities. All of our Agency Securities are issued and guaranteed by GSEs or Ginnie Mae. The GSEs have a long term credit rating of AA+.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we did not own any Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities. From time to time we may purchase Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities at prices which incorporate our expectations for prepayment speeds, defaults, delinquencies and severities. These expectations determine the yields we receive on our assets. If actual prepayment speeds, defaults, delinquencies and severities are different from our expectations, our actual yields could be higher or lower. We evaluate each investment based on the characteristics of the underlying collateral and securitization structure, rather than relying on the ratings assigned by rating agencies. Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities are subject to risk of loss with regard to principal and interest payments.

Liquidity Risk

Our primary liquidity risk arises from financing long-maturity MBS with short-term debt. The interest rates on our borrowings generally adjust more frequently than the interest rates on our ARMs. Accordingly, in a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs will usually increase faster than our interest earnings from MBS. Our repurchase agreements require that we maintain adequate pledged collateral. A decline in the value of the MBS pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels.

55

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Market Risk Disclosures (continued)

Operational Risk

We rely on our financial, accounting and other data processing systems. Computer malware, viruses, computer hacking and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry and may occur on our systems. Although we have not detected a material cybersecurity breach to date, other financial services institutions have reported material breaches of their systems, some of which have been significant. Even with all reasonable security efforts, not every breach can be prevented or even detected. It is possible that we have experienced an undetected breach. There is no assurance that we, or the third parties that facilitate our business activities, have not or will not experience a breach. It is difficult to determine what, if any, negative impact may directly result from any specific interruption or cyber-attacks or security breaches of our networks or systems (or the networks or systems of third parties that facilitate our business activities) or any failure to maintain performance.

ACM has established an IT Committee to help mitigate technology risks including cybersecurity. One of the roles of the IT Committee is to oversee cyber risk assessments, monitor applicable key risk indicators, review cybersecurity training procedures, oversee the Company’s Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan and engage third parties to conduct periodic penetration testing. Our cybersecurity risk assessment includes an evaluation of cyber risk related to sensitive data held by third parties on their systems. There is no assurance that these efforts will effectively mitigate cybersecurity risk and mitigation efforts are not an assurance that no cybersecurity incidents will occur.

In addition, our Audit Committee periodically monitors and oversees our information and cybersecurity risks including reviewing and approving any information and cybersecurity policies, procedures and resources, and reviewing our information and cybersecurity risk assessment, detection, protection, and mitigation systems.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Co-Chief Executive Officers (“Co-CEOs”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) participated in an evaluation by our management of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of our fiscal quarter that ended on March 31, 2023. Based on their participation in that evaluation, our Co-CEOs and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or furnished under the Exchange Act, is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Co-CEOs and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our Co-CEOs and CFO also participated in an evaluation by our management of any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023. That evaluation did not identify any changes that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

56

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There have been no material changes to the legal proceedings disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2023.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents information regarding our net common stock repurchases made during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share price).

	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid Per Share (2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (3)
January 1, 2023 through January 31, 2023	—	$	—	—	6,732
February 1, 2023 through February 28, 2023	—	$	—	—	6,732
March 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023	(843)	$	(5.11)	(843)	5,889
Totals	(843)			(843)	5,889

(1)All shares were repurchased pursuant to our stock repurchase program (the "Common Stock Repurchase Program") (see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements).

(2)Weighted average share price

(3)The Board authorized the Common Stock Repurchase Program to initially authorize the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of its outstanding shares of common stock, which Common Stock Repurchase Program was announced on December 17, 2012. The Board subsequently amended the repurchase authorization on March 5, 2014 to increase the repurchase authorization from $100 million shares to 50,000 shares. On July 28, 2015, the Board increased the repurchase authorization to 9,000 shares effective in connection with the Company’s one-for-eight reverse stock split of its common stock in July 2015. Most recently, the Board increased the repurchase authorization back up to 9,000 shares on June 4, 2019. At March 31, 2023 there were 5,889 authorized shares remaining under the current Common Stock Repurchase Program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

57

ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.

Item 6. Exhibits

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Articles of Amendment to Articles of Amendment and Restatement of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc., effective February 14, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to ARMOUR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 15, 2023)
10.1	Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Sales Agreement, dated January 17, 2023, by and among ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. and ARMOUR Capital Management LP, and BUCKLER Securities LLC, JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc., and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to ARMOUR’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 17, 2023)
10.2	Eighth Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated and effective as of February 14, 2023, by and between ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. and ARMOUR Capital Management LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to ARMOUR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 15, 2023)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (1)
31.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (1)
31.3	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (1)
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 (2)
32.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 (2)
32.3	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 (2)
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1)	Filed herewith.
(2)	Furnished herewith.

58

SIGNATURES

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

April 26, 2023	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
	/s/ James R. Mountain
	James R. Mountain
	Chief Financial Officer, Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Scott J. Ulm of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting

Date: April 26, 2023
	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
		By:	/s/ Scott J. Ulm
			Scott J. Ulm
			Co-Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jeffrey J. Zimmer of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting

Date: April 26, 2023
	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
		By:	/s/ Jeffrey J. Zimmer
			Jeffrey J. Zimmer
			Co-Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.3

EXHIBIT 31.3

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, James R. Mountain of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting

Date: April 26, 2023
	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
		By:	/s/ James R. Mountain
			James R. Mountain
			Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Certification Pursuant To

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Scott J. Ulm, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 26, 2023
	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
		By:	/s/ Scott J. Ulm
			Scott J. Ulm
			Co-Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

Certification Pursuant To

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jeffrey J. Zimmer, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 26, 2023
	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
		By:	/s/ Jeffrey J. Zimmer
			Jeffrey J. Zimmer
			Co-Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.3

EXHIBIT 32.3

Certification Pursuant To

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James R. Mountain, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 26, 2023
	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
		By:	/s/ James R. Mountain
			James R. Mountain
			Chief Financial Officer

XML

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	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 25, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Registrant Name	ARMOUR RESIDENTIAL REIT, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity File Number	001-34766
Entity Tax Identification Number	26-1908763
Entity Address, Address Line One	3001 Ocean Drive, Suite 201
Entity Address, City or Town	Vero Beach
Entity Address, State or Province	FL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	32963
City Area Code	772
Local Phone Number	617-4340
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		195,512,577
Entity Central Index Key	0001428205
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Preferred Stock, 7.00% Series C Cumulative Redeemable
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Preferred Stock, 7.00% Series C Cumulative Redeemable
Trading Symbol	ARR-PRC
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	ARR
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash	$ 135,445	$ 87,284
Cash collateral posted to counterparties	123,882	30,806
Investments in securities, at fair value
Derivatives, at fair value	848,572	984,456
Accrued interest receivable	49,730	28,809
Prepaid and other	6,990	2,101
Subordinated loan to BUCKLER	0	105,000
Total Assets	13,249,330	9,437,047
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements, net (including $5,231,025 and $3,247,474, respectively with BUCKLER)	10,554,538	6,463,058
Obligations to return securities received as collateral, at fair value (including $101,824 and $100,531, respectively with BUCKLER)	509,121	502,656
Cash collateral posted by counterparties	853,502	963,591
Payable for unsettled purchases	0	353,436
Derivatives, at fair value	61,251	13,016
Accrued interest payable- repurchase agreements (including $21,810 and $9,908, respectively with BUCKLER)	38,831	19,096
Accrued interest payable- U.S. Treasury Securities sold short (including $1,732 and $684, respectively with BUCKLER)	8,660	3,418
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses	8,294	6,404
Total Liabilities	12,034,197	8,324,675
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8 and Note 14)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 450,000 and 300,000 shares authorized; 192,003 shares and 162,911 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.	192	163
Additional paid-in capital	4,052,190	3,874,627
Cumulative distributions to stockholders	(2,047,360)	(1,992,361)
Accumulated net loss	(789,896)	(758,537)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	(11,527)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	1,215,133	1,112,372
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	13,249,330	9,437,047
Agency Securities
Investments in securities, at fair value
Debt securities	12,084,711	8,198,591
Series C Preferred Stock
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized; 7.00% Series C Cumulative Preferred Stock; 6,847 shares issued and outstanding ($25.00 per share liquidation preference)	$ 7	$ 7

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 14, 2023	Feb. 13, 2023
Pledged securities	$ 11,669,921	$ 7,249,039
Obligations to return securities received as collateral	509,121	502,656
Accrued interest payable- repurchase agreements (including $21,810 and $9,908, respectively with BUCKLER)	38,831	19,096
Accrued interest payable- U.S. Treasury Securities sold short (including $1,732 and $684, respectively with BUCKLER)	$ 8,660	$ 3,418
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	450,000,000	300,000,000	450,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	192,003,000	162,911,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	192,003,000	162,911,000
BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Obligations to return securities received as collateral	$ 101,824	$ 100,531
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Corporate Joint Venture
Repurchase agreements, net	$ 5,231,025	$ 3,247,474
Series C Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000
Preferred stock, dividend rate	7.00%	7.00%
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	6,847,000	6,847,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	6,847,000	6,847,000
Preferred stock, liquidation preference (in dollars per share)	$ 25.00	$ 25.00
Agency Securities
Pledged securities	$ 11,669,921	$ 7,249,039
Agency Securities | BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Pledged securities	6,149,464	3,920,706
Accrued interest payable- repurchase agreements (including $21,810 and $9,908, respectively with BUCKLER)	21,810	9,908
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities | BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Accrued interest payable- U.S. Treasury Securities sold short (including $1,732 and $684, respectively with BUCKLER)	$ 1,732	$ 684

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Interest Income:
Interest Income (including $973 and $19, respectively with BUCKLER)		$ 118,235	$ 33,370
Interest expense (including $49,609 and $1,033, respectively with BUCKLER)		(106,245)	(2,405)
Net Interest Income		11,990	30,965
Other Income (Loss):
Realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities (reclassified from Comprehensive Income (Loss))		(7,471)	0
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net	[1]	(134,400)	244,604
Total Other Loss		(33,359)	(88,172)
Expenses:
Management fees		9,244	8,140
Compensation		1,159	1,409
Other Operating		1,237	1,628
Total Expenses		11,640	11,177
Less management fees waived		(1,650)	(1,950)
Total Expenses after fees waived		9,990	9,227
Net Loss		(31,359)	(66,434)
Dividends on preferred stock		(2,995)	(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders		(34,354)	(69,429)
Net Loss		(31,359)	(66,434)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities		7,471	0
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale Agency Securities		4,056	(78,538)
Other Comprehensive Income (loss)		11,527	(78,538)
Comprehensive Loss		(19,832)	(144,972)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders		$ (22,827)	$ (147,967)
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic (in dollars per share)		$ (0.19)	$ (0.72)
Diluted (in dollars per share)		(0.19)	(0.72)
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.28	$ 0.30
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)		184,587	96,226
Diluted (in shares)		184,587	96,226
Agency Securities
Other Income (Loss):
Realized loss on sale of available for sale Agency Securities (reclassified from Comprehensive Income (Loss))		$ (7,471)
Gain (loss) on Agency Securities, trading		120,366	$ (254,389)
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities
Other Income (Loss):
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities		$ (11,854)	$ (78,387)

[1] Interest expense related to our interest rate swap contracts is recorded in gain on derivatives, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For additional information, see financial statement Note 7.

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - BUCKLER Securities, LLC - Corporate Joint Venture - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Interest on repurchase agreements	$ 49,609	$ 1,033
Required Regulatory Capital Requirement of Related Party
Related parties loans, proceeds	$ 973	$ 19

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Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders	Accumulated Net Loss	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance, preferred (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		6,847,000
Beginning balance, common (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			94,152,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 1,143,639	$ 7	$ 94	$ 3,403,127	$ (1,837,955)	$ (528,607)	$ 106,973
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income (loss)	(144,972)					(66,434)	(78,538)
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)			6,162,000
Issuance of common stock, net	54,436		$ 6	54,430
Stock based compensation, net of withholding requirements (in shares)			47,000
Stock based compensation, net of withholding requirements	935			935
Preferred stock dividends	(2,995)				(2,995)
Common stock dividends	(29,108)				(29,108)
Ending balance, preferred (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		6,847,000
Ending balance, common (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022			100,361,000
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	1,021,935	$ 7	$ 100	3,458,492	(1,870,058)	(595,041)	28,435
Beginning balance, preferred (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		6,847,000
Beginning balance, common (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			94,152,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 1,143,639	$ 7	$ 94	3,403,127	(1,837,955)	(528,607)	106,973
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)			(1,478,000)
Ending balance, preferred (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		6,847,000
Ending balance, common (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	162,911,000		162,911,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,112,372	$ 7	$ 163	3,874,627	(1,992,361)	(758,537)	(11,527)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income (loss)	(19,832)					(31,359)	11,527
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)			29,863,000
Issuance of common stock, net	181,205		$ 30	181,175
Stock based compensation, net of withholding requirements (in shares)			72,000
Stock based compensation, net of withholding requirements	$ 692			692
Common stock repurchased (in shares)	0		(843,000)
Common stock repurchased	$ (4,305)		$ (1)	(4,304)
Preferred stock dividends	(2,995)				(2,995)
Common stock dividends	$ (52,004)				(52,004)
Ending balance, preferred (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		6,847,000
Ending balance, common (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	192,003,000		192,003,000
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 1,215,133	$ 7	$ 192	$ 4,052,190	$ (2,047,360)	$ (789,896)	$ 0

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$ (31,359)	$ (66,434)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net amortization of premium on Agency Securities	1,122	7,486
Realized loss on sale of Agency Securities, available for sale	7,471	0
Stock based compensation	692	935
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(21,424)	(6,064)
Increase in prepaid and other assets	(4,889)	(917)
Change in derivatives, at fair value	184,119	(354,525)
Increase in accrued interest payable- repurchase agreements	19,735	20
Increase in accrued interest payable- U.S. Treasury Securities sold short	5,242	0
Increase in accounts payable and other accrued expenses	1,890	3,820
Net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities	54,219	(83,704)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of Agency Securities (includes $57,039 with BUCKLER at March 31, 2023)	(5,317,154)	(1,778,122)
Principal repayments of Agency Securities	148,523	131,356
Proceeds from sales of Agency Securities	1,052,878	0
Disbursements on reverse repurchase agreements, with BUCKLER	(24,678)	0
Receipts from reverse repurchase agreements, with BUCKLER	224,579	0
Increase in cash collateral posted by counterparties	(110,089)	378,598
Proceeds from subordinated loan due from BUCKLER	105,000	0
Net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties used in investing activities	(3,926,462)	(2,452,654)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses	181,205	46,427
Proceeds from repurchase agreements (including $16,786,834 and $8,914,029, respectively with BUCKLER)	27,517,265	16,191,551
Principal repayments on repurchase agreements (including $(15,003,184) and $(7,504,871), respectively with BUCKLER)	(23,625,686)	(13,699,584)
Series C Preferred stock dividends paid	(2,995)	(2,995)
Common stock dividends paid	(52,004)	(29,108)
Common stock repurchased	(4,305)	0
Net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by financing activities	4,013,480	2,506,291
Net increase in cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties	141,237	(30,067)
Cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties - beginning of period	118,090	356,216	$ 356,216
Cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties - end of period	259,327	326,149	$ 118,090
Supplemental Disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for interest	107,680	19,398
Non-Cash Investing Activities:
Receivable for unsettled sales	0	47,713
Payable for unsettled purchases	0	(687,250)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale Agency Securities	4,056	(78,538)
Non-Cash Financing Activities
Amounts receivable for issuance of common stock	0	8,009
Agency Securities
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities:
Realized loss on sale of Agency Securities, available for sale	7,471
Gain (loss) on Agency Securities, trading	(120,366)	254,389
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash collateral posted to counterparties provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net accretion of U.S. Treasury Securities	132	(801)
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities	11,854	78,387
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of U.S. Treasury Securities (includes $155,857 and $592,600, respectively with BUCKLER)	(619,373)	(2,654,611)
Proceeds from sales of U.S. Treasury Securities (including $154,875 and $767,448, respectively with BUCKLER)	$ 613,852	$ 1,470,125

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Agency Securities Purchased	$ 5,317,154	$ 1,778,122
Proceeds from repurchase agreements (including $16,786,834 and $8,914,029, respectively with BUCKLER)	27,517,265	16,191,551
Principal repayments on repurchase agreements (including $(15,003,184) and $(7,504,871), respectively with BUCKLER)	(23,625,686)	(13,699,584)
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	619,373	2,654,611
Proceeds from sales of U.S. Treasury Securities (including $154,875 and $767,448, respectively with BUCKLER)	613,852	1,470,125
Corporate Joint Venture | BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	155,857	592,600
Proceeds from sales of U.S. Treasury Securities (including $154,875 and $767,448, respectively with BUCKLER)	154,875	767,448
BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Proceeds from repurchase agreements (including $16,786,834 and $8,914,029, respectively with BUCKLER)	16,786,834	8,914,029
Principal repayments on repurchase agreements (including $(15,003,184) and $(7,504,871), respectively with BUCKLER)	(15,003,184)	$ (7,504,871)
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Corporate Joint Venture
Agency Securities Purchased	$ 57,039

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Organization and Nature of Business Operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Nature of Business Operations

Note 1 - Organization and Nature of Business Operations

References to "we," "us," "our," or the "Company" are to ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. ("ARMOUR") and its subsidiaries. References to "ACM" are to ARMOUR Capital Management LP, a Delaware limited partnership. ARMOUR owns a 10.8% equity interest in BUCKLER Securities LLC ("BUCKLER"). BUCKLER is a Delaware limited liability company and a FINRA-regulated broker-dealer, controlled by ACM and certain executive officers of ARMOUR. Refer to the Glossary of Terms for definitions of capitalized terms and abbreviations used in this report. U.S. dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted.

ARMOUR is an externally managed Maryland corporation incorporated in 2008. The Company is managed by ACM, an investment advisor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), (see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies and Note 14 - Related Party Transactions). We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Our qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various complex requirements under the Code relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our distribution levels and the concentration of ownership of our capital stock. We believe that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code and our manner of operations enables us to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to federal income tax on the REIT taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we invested in mortgage backed securities ("MBS"), issued or guaranteed by a United States ("U.S.") Government-sponsored entity ("GSE"), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), or a government agency such as Government National Mortgage Administration ("Ginnie Mae") (collectively, "Agency Securities"). Our Agency Securities consist primarily of fixed rate loans. The remaining are either backed by hybrid adjustable rate or adjustable rate loans. From time to time we have also invested in Credit Risk and Non-Agency Securities, Interest-Only Securities, U.S. Treasury Securities and money market instruments.

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Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC. Accordingly, the condensed financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the calendar year ending December 31, 2023. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the valuation of MBS, including an assessment of the allowance for credit losses, and derivative instruments. Interest earned/paid on cash collateral posted/held on interest rate swap contracts was reclassified from Interest Income to

Gain (loss) on derivatives, net, in the consolidated financial statements to conform to current presentation. No other reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash

Cash includes cash on deposit with financial institutions. We may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. However, management believes we are not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position and creditworthiness of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

Cash Collateral Posted To/By Counterparties

Cash collateral posted to/by counterparties represents cash posted by us to counterparties or posted by counterparties to us as collateral. Cash collateral posted to/by counterparties may include collateral for interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts, futures contracts, repurchase agreements on our MBS and our Agency Securities purchased or sold on a to-be-announced basis ("TBA Agency Securities").

Investments in Securities, at Fair Value

Our investments in securities are generally classified as either available for sale or trading securities. Management determines the appropriate classifications of the securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date.

Available for Sale Securities represented investments that we intended to hold for extended periods of time and were reported at their estimated fair values with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as part of comprehensive income (loss). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold the remaining balance of our Available for Sale Securities which resulted in a realized loss of $(7,471).

Trading Securities are reported at their estimated fair values with gains and losses included in Other Income (Loss) as a component of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Receivables and Payables for Unsettled Sales and Purchases

We account for purchases and sales of securities on the trade date, including purchases and sales for forward settlement. Receivables and payables for unsettled trades represent the agreed trade price multiplied by the outstanding balance of the securities at the balance sheet date.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

Accrued interest receivable includes interest accrued between payment dates on securities and interest on unsettled sales of securities. Accrued interest payable includes interest on unsettled purchases of securities and interest on repurchase agreements. At certain times, we may have interest payable on U.S. Treasury Securities sold short.

Repurchase Agreements, net

We finance the acquisition of the majority of our MBS through the use of repurchase agreements. Our repurchase agreements are secured by our MBS and bear interest rates that have historically moved in close relationship to the Federal Funds Effective Rate ("Fed Funds Rate") and short-term London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") (prior to its dissolution), and more recently the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR"). Under these repurchase agreements, we sell MBS to a lender and agree to repurchase the same MBS in the future for a price that is higher than the original sales price. The difference between the sales price that we receive and the repurchase price that we pay represents interest paid to the lender, which accrues over the life of the repurchase agreement. A repurchase agreement operates as a financing arrangement under which we pledge our MBS as collateral to secure a loan which is equal in value to a specified percentage

of the estimated fair value of the pledged collateral. We retain beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, we are required to repay the loan and concurrently receive back our pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender, we may renew such agreement at the then prevailing interest rate. The repurchase agreements may require us to pledge additional assets to the lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral declines.

In addition to the repurchase agreement financing discussed above, at certain times, we have entered into reverse repurchase agreements with certain of our repurchase agreement counterparties. Under a typical reverse repurchase agreement, we purchase U.S. Treasury Securities from a borrower in exchange for cash and agree to sell the same securities in the future in exchange for a price that is higher than the original purchase price. The difference between the purchase price originally paid and the sale price represents interest received from the borrower. Reverse repurchase agreement receivables and repurchase agreement liabilities are presented net when they meet certain criteria, including being with the same counterparty, being governed by the same master repurchase agreement ("MRA"), settlement through the same brokerage or clearing account and maturing on the same day. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $504,375 and $704,276, respectively, in reverse repurchase agreements which are recorded in repurchase agreements, net on our consolidated balance sheet.

Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair Value

We also sell to third parties the U.S. Treasury Securities received as collateral for reverse repurchase agreements and recognize the resulting obligation to return said U.S. Treasury Securities as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Interest is recorded on the repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasury Securities on an accrual basis and presented as net interest expense. Both parties to the transaction have the right to make daily margin calls based on changes in the fair value of the collateral received and/or pledged. We had obligations to return securities received as collateral associated with our reverse repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $509,121 ($101,824 of which were with BUCKLER) and $502,656 ($100,531 of which were with BUCKLER), respectively.

Derivatives, at Fair Value

We recognize all derivatives individually as either assets or liabilities at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. All changes in the fair values of our derivatives are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We designate derivatives as hedges for tax purposes and any unrealized derivative gains or losses would not affect our distributable net taxable income. These transactions may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts and futures contracts.

We also may utilize forward contracts for the purchase or sale of TBA Agency Securities. We account for TBA Agency Securities as derivative instruments if it is reasonably possible that we will not take or make physical delivery of the Agency Security upon settlement of the contract. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions. We may also purchase and sell TBA Agency Securities as a means of investing in and financing Agency Securities (thereby increasing our “at risk” leverage) or as a means of disposing of or reducing our exposure to Agency Securities (thereby reducing our “at risk” leverage). We agree to purchase or sell, for future delivery, Agency Securities with certain principal and interest terms and certain types of collateral, but the particular Agency Securities to be delivered are not identified until shortly before the TBA settlement date. We may also choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting short or long position (referred to as a “pair off”), net settling the paired off positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA Agency Security for a later settlement date. This transaction is commonly referred to as a “dollar roll.” When it is reasonably possible that we will pair off a TBA Agency Security, we account for that contract as a derivative.

Impairment of Assets

We assess impairment of available for sale securities at least on a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. We consider an impairment if we (1) intend to sell the available for sale securities, or (2) believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities before recovery (for

example, because of liquidity requirements or contractual obligations) and a credit impairment exists where fair value is less than amortized cost. Impairment losses recognized establish a new cost basis for the related available for sale securities.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income is earned and recognized on Agency Securities based on their unpaid principal amounts and their contractual terms. Recognition of interest income commences on the settlement date of the purchase transaction and continues through the settlement date of the sale transaction. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of Multi-Family MBS, which are generally not subject to prepayment, are amortized or accreted into interest income over the contractual lives of the securities using a level yield method. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of other Agency Securities are amortized or accreted into interest income over the actual lives of the securities, reflecting actual prepayments as they occur. Purchase and sale transactions (including TBA Agency Securities) are recorded on the trade date to the extent it is probable that we will take or make timely physical delivery of the related securities. Gains or losses realized from sales of available for sale securities are reclassified into income from Comprehensive Loss and are determined using the specific identification method.

Interest income on U.S. Treasury Securities is recognized based on their unpaid principal amounts and their contractual terms. Recognition of interest income commences on the settlement date of the purchase transaction and continues through the settlement date of the sale transaction.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) refers to the sum of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). It represents all changes in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. It excludes all changes in equity during a period resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our valuation techniques for financial instruments use observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from third-party sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 820, "Fair Value Measurement," classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 Inputs - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs - Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. Unobservable inputs may be used in situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period). Unobservable inputs reflect management’s assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and would be based on the best information available.

At the beginning of each quarter, we assess the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis to determine if any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy are needed.

The following describes the valuation methodologies used for our assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Any transfers between levels are assumed to occur at the beginning of the reporting period.        

Investments in Securities

Fair value for our investments in securities are based on obtaining a valuation for each security from third-party pricing services and/or dealer quotes. The third-party pricing services use common market pricing methods that may include pricing models that may incorporate such factors as coupons, prepayment speeds, spread to the Treasury curves and interest rate swap curves, duration, periodic and life caps and credit enhancement. If the fair value of a security is not available from the third-party pricing services or such data appears unreliable, we obtain pricing indications from up to three dealers who make markets in similar securities. Management reviews pricing used to ensure that current market conditions are properly reflected. This review includes, but is not limited to, comparisons of similar market transactions or alternative third-party pricing services, dealer pricing indications and comparisons to a third-party pricing model. Fair values obtained from the third-party pricing services for similar instruments are classified as Level 2 securities if the inputs to the pricing models used are consistent with the Level 2 definition. If quoted prices for a security are not reasonably available from the third-party pricing service, but dealer pricing indications are, the security will be classified as a Level 2 security. If neither is available, management will determine the fair value based on characteristics of the security that we receive from the issuer and based on available market information and classify it as a Level 3 security. U.S. Treasury Securities are classified as Level 1, as quoted unadjusted prices are available in active markets for identical assets.

Derivatives

The fair values of our interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions and basis swap contracts are valued using information provided by third-party pricing services that incorporate common market pricing methods that may include current interest rate curves, forward interest rate curves and market spreads to interest rate curves and are classified as Level 2. We estimate the fair value of TBA Agency Securities based on similar methods used to value our Agency Securities and they are classified as Level 2. Management compares the pricing information received to dealer quotes to ensure that the current market conditions are properly reflected. Futures contracts are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange which requires the use of daily mark-to-market collateral and they are classified as Level 1.

The following tables provide a summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Agency Securities	$	—	$	12,084,711	$	—	$	12,084,711
Derivatives	$	—	$	848,572	$	—	$	848,572
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	$	29,016	$	32,235	$	—	$	61,251
December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Agency Securities	$	—	$	8,198,591	$	—	$	8,198,591
Derivatives	$	94	$	984,362	$	—	$	984,456
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	$	516	$	12,500	$	—	$	13,016

There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Excluded from the tables above are financial instruments, including cash, cash collateral posted to/by counterparties, receivables, the Subordinated loan to BUCKLER, payables, borrowings under repurchase agreements, net and obligations to return securities received as collateral, which are presented in our consolidated financial statements at

cost, which approximates fair value. The estimated fair value of these instruments is measured using "Level 1" or "Level 2" inputs at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Investments in Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments in Securities

Note 5 - Investments in Securities

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our securities portfolio consisted of $12,084,711 and $8,198,591 of investment securities, at fair value, respectively. We also had $777,469 of TBA Agency Securities, at fair value, which were reported at net carrying value of $(11,797), at December 31, 2022. TBA Securities are reported in Derivatives, at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets (see Note 7 - Derivatives). The net carrying value of our TBA Agency Securities represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying Agency Security in the TBA contract and the cost basis or the forward price to be paid or received for the underlying Agency Security.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we designated Agency MBS purchased as “trading securities” for financial reporting purposes, and consequently, fair value changes for these investments will be reported in net income. This designation is more representative of our results of operations insofar as the fair value changes for our Agency MBS securities are presented in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes of our hedging instruments. Fair value changes for the legacy Agency Securities designated as available for sale were reported in other comprehensive income as required by GAAP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold the remaining balance of our Available for Sale Securities which resulted in a realized loss of $(7,471).

The tables below present the components of the carrying value and the unrealized gain or loss position of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Gain		Fair Value
Agency Securities:
Trading securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(277,230)	$	24,912	$	12,084,711
Total Agency Securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(277,230)	$	24,912	$	12,084,711
December 31, 2022	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Gain		Fair Value
Agency Securities:
Available for sale securities	$	191,870	$	199,472	$	(11,527)	$	—	$	187,945
Trading securities	8,519,397		8,553,485		(543,207)		368		8,010,646
Total Agency Securities	$	8,711,267	$	8,752,957	$	(554,734)	$	368	$	8,198,591

The following tables summarize the weighted average lives of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Weighted Average Life	Trading Securities
March 31, 2023	Fair Value		Amortized Cost
< 1 year	$	—	$	—
≥ 1 year and < 3 years	84,915		85,272
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	2,508,753		2,512,098
≥ 5 years	9,491,043		9,739,659
Totals	$	12,084,711	$	12,337,029

Weighted Average Life	Available for Sale Securities				Trading Securities
December 31, 2022	Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost
< 1 year	$	61	$	64	$	—	$	—
≥ 1 year and < 3 years	2,390		2,525		—		—
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	11,541		12,171		—		—
≥ 5 years	173,953		184,712		8,010,646		8,553,485
Totals	$	187,945	$	199,472	$	8,010,646	$	8,553,485

We use a third-party model to calculate the weighted average lives of our investments in securities. Weighted average life is calculated based on expectations for estimated prepayments for the underlying mortgage loans of our investments in securities. These estimated prepayments are based on assumptions such as interest rates, current and future home prices, housing policy and borrower incentives. The weighted average lives of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 in the tables above are based upon market factors, assumptions, models and estimates from the third-party model and also incorporate management’s judgment and experience. The actual weighted average lives of these securities could be longer or shorter than estimated.

Available for Sale Securities

The following table presents the unrealized losses and estimated fair value of our available for sale securities by length of time that such securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022. All of the available for sale securities were issued and guaranteed by GSEs (with a long term credit rating of AA+) or Ginnie Mae at December 31, 2022.

	Unrealized Loss Position For:
	< 12 Months				≥ 12 Months				Total
Agency Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2022	$	187,397	$	(11,497)	$	548	$	(30)	$	187,945	$	(11,527)

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Repurchase Agreements, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]

Repurchase Agreements

Note 6 - Repurchase Agreements, net At March 31, 2023, we had active MRAs with 38 counterparties and had $10,554,538 in outstanding borrowings with 16 of those counterparties. At December 31, 2022, we had MRAs with 38 counterparties and had $6,463,058 in outstanding borrowings with 16 counterparties.

The following tables represent the contractual repricing regarding our repurchase agreements to finance MBS purchases at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Our repurchase agreements require excess collateral, known as a “haircut.” At March 31, 2023, the average haircut percentage was 3.40% compared to 3.85% at December 31, 2022. The haircut for our repurchase agreements vary by counterparty and therefore, the changes in the average haircut percentage will vary with the changes in our counterparty repurchase agreement balances.

	Balance		Weighted Average Contractual Rate		Weighted Average Maturity in days
March 31, 2023
Agency Securities
≤ 30 days (1)	$	7,905,065	4.87	%	13
> 30 days to ≤ 90 days	2,649,473		4.95	%	36
Total or Weighted Average	$	10,554,538	4.89	%	19

(1)Net of reverse repurchase agreements of $504,375. Obligations to return securities received as collateral of $509,121 associated with the reverse repurchase agreements are all due within 30 days.

	Balance		Weighted Average Contractual Rate		Weighted Average Maturity in days
December 31, 2022
Agency Securities
≤ 30 days (1)	$	5,912,572	4.43	%	15
> 30 days to ≤ 60 days	550,486		4.48	%	34
Total or Weighted Average	$	6,463,058	4.43	%	16

(1)Net of reverse repurchase agreements of $704,276. Obligations to return securities received as collateral of $502,656 associated with the reverse repurchase agreements all matured in January 2023.

The following table presents information about the gross and net securities purchased and sold under our repurchase agreements, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023							Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral		Total Net
Assets
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	$	504,375	$	(504,375)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	504,375	$	(504,375)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Repurchase Agreements	$	(11,058,913)	$	504,375	$	(10,554,538)	$	10,554,538	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	(11,058,913)	$	504,375	$	(10,554,538)	$	10,554,538	$	—	$	—

(1)The fair value of securities pledged against our repurchase agreements was $11,669,921 at March 31, 2023.

December 31, 2022							Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral		Total Net
Assets
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	$	704,276	$	(704,276)	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	189
Totals	$	704,276	$	(704,276)	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	189
Liabilities
Repurchase Agreements	$	(7,167,334)	$	704,276	$	(6,463,058)	$	6,463,058	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	(7,167,334)	$	704,276	$	(6,463,058)	$	6,463,058	$	—	$	—

(1)The fair value of securities pledged against our repurchase agreements was $7,249,039 at December 31, 2022.

Our repurchase agreements require that we maintain adequate pledged collateral. A decline in the value of the MBS pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels. We manage this risk by maintaining an adequate balance of available cash and unpledged securities. An event of default or termination event under the standard MRA would give our counterparty the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due to be payable immediately. In addition, certain of our MRAs contain a restriction that prohibits our leverage from exceeding twelve times our stockholders’ equity as well as termination events in the case of significant reductions in equity capital. We also may receive cash or securities as collateral from our derivative counterparties which we may use as additional collateral for repurchase agreements. Certain interest rate swap contracts provide for cross collateralization and cross default with repurchase agreements and other contracts with the same counterparty.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, BUCKLER accounted for 49.6% and 50.2%, respectively, of our aggregate borrowings and had an amount at risk of 15.2% and 12.9%, respectively, of our total stockholders' equity with a weighted average maturity of 18 days and 15 days, respectively, on repurchase agreements, net (see Note 14 - Related Party Transactions).

At March 31, 2023, we had 3 additional repurchase agreement counterparties that individually accounted for over 5% of our aggregate borrowings. In total, these counterparties accounted for approximately 24.0% of our repurchase agreement borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2023. At December 31, 2022, we had 3 additional repurchase agreement counterparties that individually accounted for over 5% of our aggregate borrowings. In total, these counterparties accounted for 28.1% of our repurchase agreement borrowings at December 31, 2022.

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Derivatives

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives

Note 7 - Derivatives

We enter into derivative transactions to manage our interest rate risk and agency mortgage rate exposures. We have agreements with our derivative counterparties that provide for the posting of collateral based on the fair values of our derivatives. Through this margin process, either we or our counterparties may be required to pledge cash or securities as collateral. Collateral requirements vary by counterparty and change over time based on the fair value, notional amount and remaining term of the contracts. Certain contracts provide for cross collateralization and cross default with repurchase agreements and other contracts with the same counterparty.

Interest rate swap contracts are designed to lock in funding costs for repurchase agreements associated with our assets in such a way to help assure the realization of net interest margins. Such transactions are based on assumptions about prepayments which, if not realized, will cause transaction results to differ from expectations. Interest rate swaptions

generally provide us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement at a certain point of time in the future with a predetermined notional amount, stated term and stated rate of interest in the fixed leg and interest rate index on the floating leg. Basis swap contracts allow us to exchange one floating interest rate basis for another, thereby allowing us to diversify our floating rate basis exposures.

All of our interest rate contracts have floating leg interest rate indexes of either the Fed Funds Rate or SOFR. The Fed Funds Rate is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and is a measure of unsecured borrowings by depository institutions from other depository institutions or GSEs. SOFR is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and is the average overnight rate for borrowings secured by US Treasury securities. We enter into interest rate swap contracts either directly with a counterparty (a “bilateral” contract) or through a centrally-cleared swap contract. In a bilateral contract, we exchange margin collateral with the counterparty and have exposure to counterparty risk. In a centrally-cleared contract, we exchange margin collateral with a Futures Clearing Merchant, with whom we have opened an account. Our counterparty risk is limited to the clearing exchange itself. All of our centrally-cleared swaps are cleared by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME").

Futures contracts are traded on the CME which requires the use of daily mark-to-market collateral and the CME provides substantial credit support. The collateral requirements of the CME require us to pledge assets under a bi-lateral margin arrangement, including either cash or Agency Securities and these requirements may vary and change over time based on the market value, notional amount and remaining term of the futures contracts. In the event we are unable to meet a margin call under one of our futures contracts, the counterparty to such agreement may have the option to terminate or close-out all of the outstanding futures contracts with us. In addition, any close-out amount due to the counterparty upon termination of the counterparty’s transactions would be immediately payable by us pursuant to the applicable agreement.

TBA Agency Securities are forward contracts for the purchase (“long position”) or sale (“short position”) of Agency Securities at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency Securities delivered into the contract upon the settlement date, published each month by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, are not known at the time of the transaction. We may enter into TBA Agency Securities as a means of hedging against short-term changes in interest rates. We may also enter into TBA Agency Securities as a means of acquiring or disposing of Agency Securities and we may from time to time utilize TBA dollar roll transactions to finance Agency Security purchases. We estimate the fair value of TBA Agency Securities based on similar methods used to value our Agency Securities.

We have netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by ISDA. We are also required to post or hold cash collateral based upon the net underlying market value of our open positions with the counterparty. A decline in the value of the open positions with the counterparty could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels. We manage this risk by maintaining an adequate balance of available cash and unpledged securities. An event of default or termination event under the standard ISDA would give our counterparty the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due to be payable immediately. In addition, certain of our ISDAs contain a restriction that prohibits our leverage from exceeding twelve times our stockholders’ equity as well as termination events in the case of significant reductions in equity capital.

The following tables present information about the potential effects of netting our derivatives if we were to offset the assets and liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We currently present these financial instruments at their gross amounts and they are included in Derivatives, at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Assets	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	848,572	$	(848,572)	$	—	$	—
Futures contracts	—		(29,016)		93,937		64,921
TBA Agency Securities	—		—		22,295		22,295
Totals	$	848,572	$	(877,588)	$	116,232	$	87,216
December 31, 2022
Interest rate swap contracts	$	983,659	$	—	$	(955,941)	$	27,718
Futures contracts	94		(516)		9,334		8,912
TBA Agency Securities	703		(12,500)		13,633		1,836
Totals	$	984,456	$	(13,016)	$	(932,974)	$	38,466

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $2,857 amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Liabilities	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	(32,235)	$	848,572	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
Futures contracts	(29,016)		29,016		—		—
Totals	$	(61,251)	$	877,588	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
December 31, 2022
Futures contracts	$	(516)	$	516	$	—	$	—
TBA Agency Securities	(12,500)		12,500		—		—
Totals	$	(13,016)	$	13,016	$	—	$	—

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $(32,235) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

The following table represents the information regarding our derivatives which are included in Gain on derivatives, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	Income (Loss) Recognized
		For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives		2023		2022
Interest rate swap contracts (1)		$	(126,414)	$	343,798
Futures contracts		(10,829)		—
TBA Agency Securities		2,843		(99,194)
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net		$	(134,400)	$	244,604

(1)Includes $(29,096) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

The following tables present information about our derivatives at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Interest Rate Swap Contracts (1)	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	Weighted Average Rate
March 31, 2023
< 3 years	$	2,750,000	26	3.96	%
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	1,129,000		47	0.65	%
≥ 5 years and < 7 years	754,000		79	0.62	%
≥ 7 years	3,348,000		96	0.96	%
Total or Weighted Average (2)	$	7,981,000	63	1.92	%
December 31, 2022
< 3 years	$	1,066,000	10	0.10	%
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	1,182,000		50	0.63	%
≥ 5 years and < 7 years	754,000		82	0.62	%
≥ 7 years	3,348,000		99	0.96	%
Total or Weighted Average (3)	$	6,350,000	73	0.72	%

(1)Pay Fixed/Receive Variable.

(2)Of this amount, $2,670,000 notional are SOFR based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032; and $5,311,000 notional are Fed Funds based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032. Of this amount, $2,400,000 notional are cleared interest rate swap contracts, the last of which matures in 2026.

(3)Of this amount, $803,000 notional are SOFR based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032; and $5,547,000 notional are Fed Funds based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032.

TBA Agency Securities	Notional Amount		Cost Basis		Fair Value
December 31, 2022
30 Year Long
4.5%	500,000		489,805		481,641
5.0%	300,000		300,164		295,828
Totals (1)	$	800,000	$	789,969	$	777,469

(1) $400,000 notional were forward settling at December 31, 2022.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies

Management

The Company is managed by ACM, pursuant to a management agreement (see also Note 14 - Related Party Transactions). The management agreement entitles ACM to receive management fees payable monthly in arrears. Currently, the monthly management fee is 1/12th of the sum of (a) 1.5% of gross equity raised up to $1.0 billion plus (b) 0.75% of gross equity raised in excess of $1.0 billion. Gross equity raised includes the total amounts of paid in capital relating to both our common and preferred stock, plus brokerage commissions and other costs of capital raising. Amounts paid to shareholders to repurchase stock, before any brokerage commissions and costs, reduces gross equity raised. Dividends specifically designated by the Board as liquidation dividends will reduce the amount of gross equity raised. To date, the Board has not so designated any of the dividends paid by the Company. Realized and unrealized gains and losses do not affect the amount of gross equity raised. At March 31, 2023, the average management fee rate, prior to management fees waived, was 0.94% based on gross equity raised of $3,965,947 and effectively a rate of 3.07% based on total stockholders' equity.

ACM began waiving 40% of its management fee during the second quarter of 2020 and on January 13, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,400 for the first quarter of 2021 and $800 per month thereafter. On April 20, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,100 for the second quarter of 2021 and $700 per month thereafter. On October 25, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver from the rate of $700 per month to $650 per month, effective November 1, 2021, until further notice. On February 14, 2023, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $1,650 for the first quarter of 2023 and $550 per month thereafter until ACM provides further notice to ARMOUR. ACM may terminate this waiver for any month by providing notice to ARMOUR on or before the 25th day of the preceding month. This waiver does not constitute a waiver of any other amounts due to ACM from ARMOUR under the Agreement or otherwise, including but not limited to any expense reimbursements, any amounts calculated by reference to the contractual Base Management Fee, or any awards under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan as amended (the “Plan”).

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and March 31, 2022 ACM waived management fees of $1,650 and $1,950, respectively. The monthly management fees are not calculated based on the performance of our assets. Accordingly, the payment of our monthly management fees may not decline in the event of a decline in our earnings and may cause us to incur losses. We are also responsible for any costs and expenses that ACM incurs solely on our behalf other than the various overhead expenses specified in the terms of the management agreement.

On February 14, 2023, the Company extended the contractual term of the management agreement through December 31, 2029. Based on the management fee base, gross equity raised, as of March 31, 2023, the Company’s contractual management fee commitments are:

Year	Contractual Management Fee
Remainder of 2023	$	31,037
2024	37,245
2025	37,245
2026	37,245
2027	37,245
2028	37,245
2029	37,245
Total	$	254,507

The Company cannot voluntarily terminate the management agreement without cause before the expiration of its contractual term. If the management agreement is terminated in connection with a liquidation of the Company or certain

business combination transactions, the Company is obliged to pay ACM a termination fee equal to 4 times the contractual management fee (before any waiver) for the preceding 12 months.

Indemnifications and Litigation

We enter into certain contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications, principally with ACM and underwriters, against third-party claims for errors and omissions in connection with their services to us. We have not incurred any costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the estimated fair value of these agreements, as well as the maximum amount attributable to past events, is not material. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Nine putative class action lawsuits have been filed in connection with the tender offer (the “Tender Offer”) and merger (the “Merger”) for JAVELIN. The Tender Offer and Merger are collectively defined herein as the “Transactions.” All nine suits name ARMOUR, the previous members of JAVELIN’s board of directors prior to the Merger (of which eight are current members of ARMOUR’s board of directors) (the “Individual Defendants”) and JMI Acquisition Corporation (“Acquisition”) as defendants. Certain cases also name ACM and JAVELIN as additional defendants. The lawsuits were brought by purported holders of JAVELIN’s common stock, both individually and on behalf of a putative class of JAVELIN’s stockholders, alleging that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the plaintiffs and the putative class of JAVELIN stockholders, including claims that the Individual Defendants failed to properly value JAVELIN; failed to take steps to maximize the value of JAVELIN to its stockholders; ignored or failed to protect against conflicts of interest; failed to disclose material information about the Transactions; took steps to avoid competitive bidding and to give ARMOUR an unfair advantage by failing to adequately solicit other potential acquirors or alternative transactions; and erected unreasonable barriers to other third-party bidders. The suits also allege that ARMOUR, JAVELIN, ACM and Acquisition aided and abetted the alleged breaches of fiduciary duties by the Individual Defendants. The lawsuits seek equitable relief, including, among other relief, to enjoin consummation of the Transactions, or rescind or unwind the Transactions if already consummated, and award costs and disbursements, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses. The sole Florida lawsuit was never served on the defendants, and that case was voluntarily dismissed and closed on January 20, 2017. On April 25, 2016, the Maryland court issued an order consolidating the eight Maryland cases into one action, captioned In re JAVELIN Mortgage Investment Corp. Shareholder Litigation (Case No. 24-C-16-001542), and designated counsel for one of the Maryland cases as interim lead co-counsel. On May 26, 2016, interim lead counsel filed the Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint for Breach of Fiduciary Duty asserting consolidated claims of breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting the breaches of fiduciary duty, and waste. On June 27, 2016, defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss the Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint for failing to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. A hearing was held on the Motion to Dismiss on March 3, 2017, and the Court reserved ruling. The Court has deferred ruling on the Motion to Dismiss several times. On October 25, 2022, the court deferred the Order of Dismissal until May 1, 2023, and if the case is not fully disposed of by that date, the clerk shall enter on the docket "dismissed for lack of prosecution without prejudice."

Each of ARMOUR, JAVELIN, ACM and the Individual Defendants intends to defend the claims made in these lawsuits vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that any of ARMOUR, JAVELIN, ACM or the Individual Defendants will prevail in its defense of any of these lawsuits to which it is a party. An unfavorable resolution of any such litigation surrounding the Transactions may result in monetary damages being awarded to the plaintiffs and the putative class of former stockholders of JAVELIN and the cost of defending the litigation, even if resolved favorably, could be substantial. Due to the preliminary nature of all of these suits, ARMOUR is not able at this time to estimate their outcome.

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Stock Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

Note 9 - Stock Based Compensation

We adopted the Plan to attract, retain and reward directors and other persons who provide services to us in the course of operations. The Plan authorizes the Board to grant awards including common stock, restricted shares of common stock (“RSUs”), stock options, performance shares, performance units, stock appreciation rights and other equity and cash-based awards (collectively, “Awards”), subject to terms as provided in the Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 867 shares available for future issuance under the Plan.

Transactions related to awards for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are summarized below:

	March 31, 2023
	Number of Awards	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Award
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding beginning of period	568	$	12.88
Granted (1)	1,300	$	5.93
Vested	(94)	$	9.64
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding end of period	1,774	$	7.96

(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 980 RSUs were granted to certain officers of ARMOUR and 320 RSUs were granted to the Board.

At March 31, 2023, there was approximately $14,126 of unvested stock based compensation related to the Awards (based on a weighted grant date price of $7.96 per share), which we expect to recognize as an expense as follows: for the remainder of 2023 an expense of $2,805, in 2024 an expense of $3,626, and thereafter an expense of $7,695. Our policy is to account for forfeitures as they occur. We also pay each of our non-executive Board members quarterly fees of $33, which are payable in cash, common stock, RSUs or a combination of common stock, RSUs and cash at the option of the director. Non-executive Board members have the option to participate in the Company's Non-Management Director Compensation and Deferral Program (the "Deferral Program"). The Deferral Program permits non-executive Board members to elect to receive either common stock or RSUs or a combination of common stock and RSUs at the option of the director, instead of all or part of their quarterly cash compensation and/or all or part of their committee and chairperson cash retainers.

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Note 10 - Stockholders' Equity

The following table presents the components of cumulative distributions to stockholders at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Preferred dividends	$	147,823	$	144,827
Common stock dividends	1,899,537		1,847,534
Totals	$	2,047,360	$	1,992,361

Preferred Stock

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were authorized to issue up to 50,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board of Directors (“Board”) or a committee thereof. At March 31, 2023, 10,000 shares of the Company’s authorized preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share are designated as shares of 7.00% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock") with the powers, designations, preferences and other rights as set forth therein and a total of 40,000 shares of our authorized preferred stock remain available for designation as future series.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had 6,847 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding with a par value of $0.001 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, or $171,175 in the aggregate. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no accrued or unpaid dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock.

On January 29, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Sales Agreement (the “Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (formerly B. Riley FBR, Inc.) and BUCKLER, as sales agents (individually and collectively, the “Agents"), and ACM, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, over a period of time and from

time to time, through one or more of the Agents, as the Company’s agents, up to 6,550 of Series C Preferred Stock. The Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement relates to a proposed “at-the-market” offering program. Under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement, we will pay the agent designated to sell our shares an aggregate commission of up to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the designated agent under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement. We did not sell any shares under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Shares designated as Series C Preferred Stock but unissued, which are available under the Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement, totaled 3,153 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Preferred Stock Repurchase Program

On July 26, 2022, the Board authorized a repurchase program of up to an aggregate of 2,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding Series C Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program"). Under the Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program, shares may be purchased in the open market, including block trades, through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to a trading plan separately adopted in the future. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be at our discretion, in consultation with the Pricing Committee of the Board, subject to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and related rules. We are not required to repurchase any shares under the Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time for any reason. We do not intend to purchase shares from our Board or other affiliates. Under Maryland law, such repurchased shares are treated as authorized but unissued. We did not repurchase any shares under the Series C Preferred Stock Repurchase Program during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Common Stock

February 14, 2023, we submitted Articles of Amendment with the State of Maryland to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, from 300,000 shares to 450,000 shares. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were authorized to issue up to 450,000 and 300,000 shares of common stock, respectively, par value $0.001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board. We had 192,003 and 162,911 shares of common stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

On February 15, 2019, we entered into an Equity Sales Agreement (the “Common stock ATM Sales Agreement”) with BUCKLER, JMP Securities LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as sales agents, relating to the shares of our common stock. On April 3, 2020, the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was amended to add B. Riley Securities, Inc. (formerly B. Riley FBR, Inc.) as a sales agent. On May 4, 2020 the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was further amended to increase the number of shares available for sale pursuant to the terms of the Common Stock ATM Sales Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Common Stock ATM Sales agreement, as amended, we were permitted to offer and sell over a period of time and from time to time, up to 17,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Common stock ATM Sales Agreement related to an "at-the-market" offering program. Under the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, as amended, we paid the agent designated to sell our shares an aggregate commission of up to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the designated agent. Prior to exhausting the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, as amended, on May 18, 2021, we sold 10,713 shares for proceeds of $129,336, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,682.

After exhausting the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, we entered into a new Equity Sales Agreement (the “2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement”) on May 14, 2021, with BUCKLER, JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and B. Riley Securities, Inc., as sales agents, relating to the shares of our common stock. In accordance with the terms of the 2021 Common Stock ATM Sales agreement, we may offer and sell over a period of time and from time to time, up to 17,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. On November 12, 2021, the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was amended to add JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, as a sales agent and to offer an additional 25,000 shares available for sale pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement. On June 9, 2022, the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was further amended to offer an additional 28,800 shares available for sale. On November 4, 2022, the Common stock ATM Sales Agreement was further amended to offer an additional

35,000 shares available for sale. On January 17, 2023, it was amended to add an additional 48,678 shares pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement.

The 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement relates to an "at-the-market" offering program. The 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement provides that we will pay the agent designated to sell our shares an aggregate commission of up to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the designated agent under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold 29,863 shares under this agreement for proceeds of $181,205, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,968. In April 2023, we sold 3,510 shares under this agreement for proceeds of $18,267, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $157. As of the date hereof, a total of 33,150 shares of common stock remain available under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement. See Note 14 - Related Party Transactions for discussion of additional transactions with BUCKLER.

Common Stock Repurchase Program

 At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 5,889 and 6,732 authorized shares remaining under the current repurchase authorization. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 843 common shares under this authorization for a cost of $4,305. Under the Repurchase Program, shares may be purchased in the open market, including block trades, through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to a trading plan separately adopted in the future. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be at our discretion, subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and related rules. We are not required to repurchase any shares under the Repurchase Program and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time for any reason. We do not intend to purchase shares from our Board or other affiliates. Under Maryland law, such repurchased shares are treated as authorized but unissued. See Note 14 - Related Party Transactions for discussion of additional transactions with BUCKLER.

Equity Capital Activities

The following tables present our equity transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transaction Type	Completion Date	Number of Shares	Per Share price (1)		Net Proceeds (costs)
March 31, 2023
2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement	January 4, 2023 - February 8, 2023	29,863	$	6.07	$	181,205
Common stock repurchased	March	(843)	$	(5.11)	$	(4,305)
December 31, 2022
2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement	January 11, 2022 - December 21, 2022	70,041	$	6.79	$	475,537
Common stock repurchased	June, September and October	(1,478)	$	5.19	$	(7,664)

(1)Weighted average price

Dividends

On April 27, 2023, a cash dividend of $0.14583 per outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock, or $998 in the aggregate, will be paid to holders of record on April 15, 2023. We have also declared cash dividends of $0.14583 per

outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock payable May 30, 2023 to holders of record on May 15, 2023 and payable June 27, 2023 to holders of record on June 15, 2023.

On April 27, 2023, a cash dividend of $0.08 per outstanding common share, or $15,788 in the aggregate, will be paid to holders of record on April 17, 2023. We have also declared a cash dividend of $0.08 per outstanding common share payable May 30, 2023 to holders of record on May 15, 2023.

The following table presents our Series C Preferred Stock dividend transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Record Date	Payment Date	Rate per Series C Preferred Share		Aggregate amount paid to holders of record
January 15, 2023	January 27, 2023	$	0.14583	$	998.5
February 15, 2023	February 27, 2023	$	0.14583	998.5
March 15, 2023	March 27, 2023	$	0.14583	998.5
Total dividends paid				$	2,995.5

The following table presents our common stock dividend transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Record Date	Payment Date	Rate per common share		Aggregate amount paid to holders of record
January 17, 2023	January 30, 2023	$	0.10	$	17,007
February 15, 2023	February 27, 2023	$	0.10	19,471
March 15, 2023	March 28, 2023	$	0.08	15,526
Total dividends paid				$	52,004

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Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Note 11 - Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders	$	(34,354)	$	(69,429)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	184,587		96,226

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 1,744 and 760, respectively, of potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted Net Loss related to common stockholders because to have included them would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

Note 12 - Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of comprehensive loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted comprehensive loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Comprehensive Loss	$	(19,832)	$	(144,972)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders	$	(22,827)	$	(147,967)
Comprehensive Loss per share related to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Diluted	184,587		96,226

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 1,744 and 760 respectively, of potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders because to have included them would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

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Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share

Note 11 - Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders	$	(34,354)	$	(69,429)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	184,587		96,226

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 1,744 and 760, respectively, of potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted Net Loss related to common stockholders because to have included them would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

Note 12 - Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of comprehensive loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted comprehensive loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Comprehensive Loss	$	(19,832)	$	(144,972)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders	$	(22,827)	$	(147,967)
Comprehensive Loss per share related to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Diluted	184,587		96,226

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 1,744 and 760 respectively, of potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders because to have included them would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 13 - Income Taxes

The following table reconciles our GAAP net loss to estimated REIT taxable income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
GAAP net loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Book to tax differences:
TRS income	(17)		(1)
Premium amortization expense	(1)		(41)
Agency Securities, trading	(112,894)		254,389
U.S. Treasury Securities	11,854		78,387
Changes in interest rate contracts	182,140		(250,900)
Amortization of deferred hedging costs	(30,368)		(39,581)
Amortization of deferred Treasury Future gains	5,815		—
Other	296		550
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss)	$	25,466	$	(23,631)

Interest rate contracts and futures contracts are treated as hedging transactions for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Unrealized gains and losses on open interest rate contracts are not included in the determination of REIT taxable

income. Realized gains and losses on interest rate contracts terminated before their maturity are deferred and amortized over the remainder of the original term of the contract for REIT taxable income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had approximately $253,854 and $307,316, respectively, of net deductible expense relating to previously terminated interest rate swap and treasury futures contracts amortizing through the year 2032. At March 31, 2023, we had $257,341 of net operating loss carryforwards available for use indefinitely.

Net capital losses realized	Amount		Available to offset capital gains through
2018	$	(136,388)	2023
2019	$	(13,819)	2024
2021	$	(15,605)	2026
2022	$	(732,478)	2027

The Company's subsidiary, ARMOUR TRS, Inc. has made an election as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). As such, the TRS is taxable as a domestic C corporation and subject to federal, state, and local income taxes based upon its taxable income.

The aggregate tax basis of our assets and liabilities was greater than our total Stockholders’ Equity at March 31, 2023 by approximately $261,185, or approximately $1.36 per common share (based on the 192,003 common shares then outstanding). State and federal tax returns for the years 2019 and later remain open and are subject to possible examination.

We are required and intend to timely distribute substantially all of our REIT taxable income in order to maintain our REIT status under the Code. Total dividend payments to stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 were $54,999 and $32,103, respectively.

Our estimated REIT taxable income and dividend requirements to maintain our REIT status are determined on an annual basis. Dividends paid in excess of current tax earnings and profits for the year will generally not be taxable to common stockholders.

Our management is responsible for determining whether tax positions taken by us are more likely than not to be sustained on their merits. We have no material unrecognized tax benefits or material uncertain tax positions.

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Note 14 - Related Party Transactions

ACM    

The Company is managed by ACM, pursuant to a management agreement. All of our executive officers are also employees of ACM. ACM manages our day-to-day operations, subject to the direction and oversight of the Board. The management agreement runs through December 31, 2029 and is thereafter automatically renewed for an additional five-year term unless terminated under certain circumstances. Either party must provide 180 days prior written notice of any such termination.

Under the terms of the management agreement, ACM is responsible for costs incident to the performance of its duties, such as compensation of its employees and various overhead expenses. ACM is responsible for the following primary roles:

•Advising us with respect to, arranging for and managing the acquisition, financing, management and disposition of, elements of our investment portfolio;

•Evaluating the duration risk and prepayment risk within the investment portfolio and arranging borrowing and hedging strategies;

•Coordinating capital raising activities;

•Advising us on the formulation and implementation of operating strategies and policies, arranging for the acquisition of assets, monitoring the performance of those assets and providing administrative and managerial services in connection with our day-to-day operations; and

•Providing executive and administrative personnel, office space and other appropriate services required in rendering management services to us.

ACM began waiving 40% of its management fee during the second quarter of 2020 and on January 13, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,400 for the first quarter of 2021 and $800 per month thereafter. On April 20, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $2,100 for the second quarter of 2021 and $700 per month thereafter. On October 25, 2021, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver from the rate of $700 per month to $650 per month, effective November 1, 2021, until further notice. On February 14, 2023, ACM notified ARMOUR that it intended to adjust the fee waiver to the rate of $1,650 for the first quarter of 2023 and $550 per month thereafter until ACM provides further notice to ARMOUR (see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies).

The following table reconciles the fees incurred in accordance with the management agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
ARMOUR management fees	$	9,229	$	8,125
Less management fees waived	(1,650)		(1,950)
Total management fee expense	$	7,579	$	6,175

We are required to take actions as may be reasonably required to permit and enable ACM to carry out its duties and obligations. We are also responsible for any costs and expenses that ACM incurred solely on our behalf other than the various overhead expenses specified in the terms of the management agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, we reimbursed ACM $235 and $107 for other expenses incurred on our behalf. In 2017, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we elected to grant restricted stock unit awards to our executive officers and other ACM employees that generally vest over 5 years. In 2017, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we elected to grant RSUs to the Board. We recognized stock based compensation expense of $141 and $162 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

BUCKLER

At March 31, 2023, we held an ownership interest in BUCKLER of 10.8%, which is included in prepaid and other assets in our consolidated balance sheet and is accounted for using the equity method as BUCKLER maintains specific ownership accounts. The value of the investment was $485 at March 31, 2023 and $377 at December 31, 2022, reflecting our total investment plus our share of BUCKLER’s operating results, in accordance with the terms of the operating agreement of BUCKLER that our independent directors negotiated. The primary purpose of our investment in BUCKLER is to facilitate our access to repurchase financing on potentially attractive terms (considering rate, term, size, haircut, relationship and funding commitment) compared to other suitable repurchase financing counterparties.

Our operating agreement with BUCKLER contains certain provisions to benefit and protect the Company, including (1) sharing in any (a) defined profits realized by BUCKLER from the anticipated financing spreads resulting from repurchase financing facilitated by BUCKLER, and (b) distributions from BUCKLER to its members of net cash receipts, and (2) the realization of anticipated savings from reduced clearing, brokerage, trading and administrative fees. In addition, the independent directors of the Company must approve, in their sole discretion, any third-party business engaged by BUCKLER and may cause BUCKLER to wind up and dissolve and promptly return certain subordinated loans we provide to BUCKLER as regulatory capital (as described more fully below) if the independent directors reasonably determine that BUCKLER’s ability to provide attractive securities transactions for the Company is materially adversely affected. For each of the three months

ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, we earned $0 from BUCKLER as an allocated share of Financing Gross Profit for a reduction of interest on repurchase agreements charged to the Company. Financing Gross Profit is defined in the operating agreement, subject to a contractually required reduction in our share of the Financing Gross Profit of $306 per annum, which expired at the end of the first quarter of 2022.

We had a subordinated loan agreement with BUCKLER, totaling $105.0 million, which was to mature on May 1, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, BUCKLER, at its option after obtaining regulatory approval, repaid all of the principal amount of the loan. The loan had a stated interest rate of zero, plus additional interest payable to the Company in an amount equal to the amount of interest earned by BUCKLER on the investment of the loan proceeds, generally in government securities funds. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company earned $973 and $19, respectively, of interest on this loan.

Effective March 20, 2023, the Company committed to provide on demand a subordinated loan agreement to BUCKLER in an amount up to $200,000. The commitment extends through March 20, 2026 and is collateralized by mortgage backed and/or U.S. Treasury Securities owned by the Company and pledged to BUCKLER. The commitment is treated by BUCKLER currently as capital for regulatory purposes and BUCKLER may pledge the securities to secure its own borrowings. This arrangement replaced the prior $105.0 million subordinated loan.

On February 22, 2021, the Company entered into an uncommitted revolving credit facility and security agreement with BUCKLER. Under the terms of the facility, the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, provide drawings to BUCKLER of up to $50,000. Interest on drawings is payable monthly at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York SOFR plus 2% per annum. To date, BUCKLER has not yet used the facility and therefore no interest expense was payable for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

With BUCKLER as the sales agent, under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement, we sold 26,103 common shares for proceeds of $159,301, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $1,729 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We also repurchased 843 common shares under the current repurchase authorization which cost $4,305, including commissions of approximately $36 to BUCKLER during the three months ended March 31, 2023. In April 2023, we sold 3,510 shares under the 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement for proceeds of $18,267, net of issuance costs and commissions of approximately $157 to BUCKLER (see Note 10 - Stockholders' Equity).

The table below summarizes other transactions with BUCKLER for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transactions with BUCKLER	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase agreements, net (1)	$	5,231,025	$	3,247,474
Collateral posted on repurchase agreements	$	6,149,464	$	3,920,706
Agency Securities Purchased	$	57,039	$	203,147
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	$	155,857	$	593,162
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold	$	154,875	$	814,265

(1)Interest on repurchase agreements, net was $49,609 and $1,033 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. See also, Note 6 - Repurchase Agreements, net for transactions with BUCKLER.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 15 - Subsequent Events

Except as disclosed above, no subsequent events were identified through the date of filing this Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC. Accordingly, the condensed financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the calendar year ending December 31, 2023. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the valuation of MBS, including an assessment of the allowance for credit losses, and derivative instruments. Interest earned/paid on cash collateral posted/held on interest rate swap contracts was reclassified from Interest Income to Gain (loss) on derivatives, net, in the consolidated financial statements to conform to current presentation. No other reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts.

Cash

Cash

Cash includes cash on deposit with financial institutions. We may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. However, management believes we are not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position and creditworthiness of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

Cash Collateral Posted To/By Counterparties

Cash Collateral Posted To/By Counterparties

Cash collateral posted to/by counterparties represents cash posted by us to counterparties or posted by counterparties to us as collateral. Cash collateral posted to/by counterparties may include collateral for interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts, futures contracts, repurchase agreements on our MBS and our Agency Securities purchased or sold on a to-be-announced basis ("TBA Agency Securities").

Investments in Securities, at Fair Value

Investments in Securities, at Fair Value

Our investments in securities are generally classified as either available for sale or trading securities. Management determines the appropriate classifications of the securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date.

Available for Sale Securities represented investments that we intended to hold for extended periods of time and were reported at their estimated fair values with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as part of comprehensive income (loss). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold the remaining balance of our Available for Sale Securities which resulted in a realized loss of $(7,471).

Trading Securities are reported at their estimated fair values with gains and losses included in Other Income (Loss) as a component of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Receivables and Payables for Unsettled Sales and Purchases

Receivables and Payables for Unsettled Sales and PurchasesWe account for purchases and sales of securities on the trade date, including purchases and sales for forward settlement. Receivables and payables for unsettled trades represent the agreed trade price multiplied by the outstanding balance of the securities at the balance sheet date.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

Accrued interest receivable includes interest accrued between payment dates on securities and interest on unsettled sales of securities. Accrued interest payable includes interest on unsettled purchases of securities and interest on repurchase agreements. At certain times, we may have interest payable on U.S. Treasury Securities sold short.

Repurchase Agreements, net

Repurchase Agreements, net

We finance the acquisition of the majority of our MBS through the use of repurchase agreements. Our repurchase agreements are secured by our MBS and bear interest rates that have historically moved in close relationship to the Federal Funds Effective Rate ("Fed Funds Rate") and short-term London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") (prior to its dissolution), and more recently the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR"). Under these repurchase agreements, we sell MBS to a lender and agree to repurchase the same MBS in the future for a price that is higher than the original sales price. The difference between the sales price that we receive and the repurchase price that we pay represents interest paid to the lender, which accrues over the life of the repurchase agreement. A repurchase agreement operates as a financing arrangement under which we pledge our MBS as collateral to secure a loan which is equal in value to a specified percentage

of the estimated fair value of the pledged collateral. We retain beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, we are required to repay the loan and concurrently receive back our pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender, we may renew such agreement at the then prevailing interest rate. The repurchase agreements may require us to pledge additional assets to the lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral declines.In addition to the repurchase agreement financing discussed above, at certain times, we have entered into reverse repurchase agreements with certain of our repurchase agreement counterparties. Under a typical reverse repurchase agreement, we purchase U.S. Treasury Securities from a borrower in exchange for cash and agree to sell the same securities in the future in exchange for a price that is higher than the original purchase price. The difference between the purchase price originally paid and the sale price represents interest received from the borrower. Reverse repurchase agreement receivables and repurchase agreement liabilities are presented net when they meet certain criteria, including being with the same counterparty, being governed by the same master repurchase agreement ("MRA"), settlement through the same brokerage or clearing account and maturing on the same day.

Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair Value

Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair ValueWe also sell to third parties the U.S. Treasury Securities received as collateral for reverse repurchase agreements and recognize the resulting obligation to return said U.S. Treasury Securities as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Interest is recorded on the repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasury Securities on an accrual basis and presented as net interest expense. Both parties to the transaction have the right to make daily margin calls based on changes in the fair value of the collateral received and/or pledged.

Derivatives, at Fair Value

Derivatives, at Fair Value

We recognize all derivatives individually as either assets or liabilities at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. All changes in the fair values of our derivatives are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We designate derivatives as hedges for tax purposes and any unrealized derivative gains or losses would not affect our distributable net taxable income. These transactions may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate swaptions, basis swap contracts and futures contracts.

We also may utilize forward contracts for the purchase or sale of TBA Agency Securities. We account for TBA Agency Securities as derivative instruments if it is reasonably possible that we will not take or make physical delivery of the Agency Security upon settlement of the contract. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions. We may also purchase and sell TBA Agency Securities as a means of investing in and financing Agency Securities (thereby increasing our “at risk” leverage) or as a means of disposing of or reducing our exposure to Agency Securities (thereby reducing our “at risk” leverage). We agree to purchase or sell, for future delivery, Agency Securities with certain principal and interest terms and certain types of collateral, but the particular Agency Securities to be delivered are not identified until shortly before the TBA settlement date. We may also choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting short or long position (referred to as a “pair off”), net settling the paired off positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA Agency Security for a later settlement date. This transaction is commonly referred to as a “dollar roll.” When it is reasonably possible that we will pair off a TBA Agency Security, we account for that contract as a derivative.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment of Assets

We assess impairment of available for sale securities at least on a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. We consider an impairment if we (1) intend to sell the available for sale securities, or (2) believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities before recovery (for

example, because of liquidity requirements or contractual obligations) and a credit impairment exists where fair value is less than amortized cost. Impairment losses recognized establish a new cost basis for the related available for sale securities.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Interest income is earned and recognized on Agency Securities based on their unpaid principal amounts and their contractual terms. Recognition of interest income commences on the settlement date of the purchase transaction and continues through the settlement date of the sale transaction. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of Multi-Family MBS, which are generally not subject to prepayment, are amortized or accreted into interest income over the contractual lives of the securities using a level yield method. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of other Agency Securities are amortized or accreted into interest income over the actual lives of the securities, reflecting actual prepayments as they occur. Purchase and sale transactions (including TBA Agency Securities) are recorded on the trade date to the extent it is probable that we will take or make timely physical delivery of the related securities. Gains or losses realized from sales of available for sale securities are reclassified into income from Comprehensive Loss and are determined using the specific identification method.

Interest income on U.S. Treasury Securities is recognized based on their unpaid principal amounts and their contractual terms. Recognition of interest income commences on the settlement date of the purchase transaction and continues through the settlement date of the sale transaction.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)Comprehensive income (loss) refers to the sum of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). It represents all changes in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. It excludes all changes in equity during a period resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables provide a summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Agency Securities	$	—	$	12,084,711	$	—	$	12,084,711
Derivatives	$	—	$	848,572	$	—	$	848,572
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	$	29,016	$	32,235	$	—	$	61,251
December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Agency Securities	$	—	$	8,198,591	$	—	$	8,198,591
Derivatives	$	94	$	984,362	$	—	$	984,456
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	$	516	$	12,500	$	—	$	13,016

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Investments in Securities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities in an Unrealized Gain or Loss Position

The tables below present the components of the carrying value and the unrealized gain or loss position of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Gain		Fair Value
Agency Securities:
Trading securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(277,230)	$	24,912	$	12,084,711
Total Agency Securities	$	12,267,310	$	12,337,029	$	(277,230)	$	24,912	$	12,084,711
December 31, 2022	Principal Amount		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Gain		Fair Value
Agency Securities:
Available for sale securities	$	191,870	$	199,472	$	(11,527)	$	—	$	187,945
Trading securities	8,519,397		8,553,485		(543,207)		368		8,010,646
Total Agency Securities	$	8,711,267	$	8,752,957	$	(554,734)	$	368	$	8,198,591

Schedule of Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The following tables summarize the weighted average lives of our investments in securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Weighted Average Life	Trading Securities
March 31, 2023	Fair Value		Amortized Cost
< 1 year	$	—	$	—
≥ 1 year and < 3 years	84,915		85,272
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	2,508,753		2,512,098
≥ 5 years	9,491,043		9,739,659
Totals	$	12,084,711	$	12,337,029

Weighted Average Life	Available for Sale Securities				Trading Securities
December 31, 2022	Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost
< 1 year	$	61	$	64	$	—	$	—
≥ 1 year and < 3 years	2,390		2,525		—		—
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	11,541		12,171		—		—
≥ 5 years	173,953		184,712		8,010,646		8,553,485
Totals	$	187,945	$	199,472	$	8,010,646	$	8,553,485

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value

The following table presents the unrealized losses and estimated fair value of our available for sale securities by length of time that such securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022. All of the available for sale securities were issued and guaranteed by GSEs (with a long term credit rating of AA+) or Ginnie Mae at December 31, 2022.

	Unrealized Loss Position For:
	< 12 Months				≥ 12 Months				Total
Agency Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2022	$	187,397	$	(11,497)	$	548	$	(30)	$	187,945	$	(11,527)

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Repurchase Agreements, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]

Schedule of Repurchase Agreements

The following tables represent the contractual repricing regarding our repurchase agreements to finance MBS purchases at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Our repurchase agreements require excess collateral, known as a “haircut.” At March 31, 2023, the average haircut percentage was 3.40% compared to 3.85% at December 31, 2022. The haircut for our repurchase agreements vary by counterparty and therefore, the changes in the average haircut percentage will vary with the changes in our counterparty repurchase agreement balances.

	Balance		Weighted Average Contractual Rate		Weighted Average Maturity in days
March 31, 2023
Agency Securities
≤ 30 days (1)	$	7,905,065	4.87	%	13
> 30 days to ≤ 90 days	2,649,473		4.95	%	36
Total or Weighted Average	$	10,554,538	4.89	%	19

(1)Net of reverse repurchase agreements of $504,375. Obligations to return securities received as collateral of $509,121 associated with the reverse repurchase agreements are all due within 30 days.

	Balance		Weighted Average Contractual Rate		Weighted Average Maturity in days
December 31, 2022
Agency Securities
≤ 30 days (1)	$	5,912,572	4.43	%	15
> 30 days to ≤ 60 days	550,486		4.48	%	34
Total or Weighted Average	$	6,463,058	4.43	%	16

(1)Net of reverse repurchase agreements of $704,276. Obligations to return securities received as collateral of $502,656 associated with the reverse repurchase agreements all matured in January 2023.

Schedule of Reverse Repurchase Agreements Gross and Net Securities Purchased and Sold

The following table presents information about the gross and net securities purchased and sold under our repurchase agreements, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

March 31, 2023							Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral		Total Net
Assets
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	$	504,375	$	(504,375)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	504,375	$	(504,375)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Repurchase Agreements	$	(11,058,913)	$	504,375	$	(10,554,538)	$	10,554,538	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	(11,058,913)	$	504,375	$	(10,554,538)	$	10,554,538	$	—	$	—

(1)The fair value of securities pledged against our repurchase agreements was $11,669,921 at March 31, 2023.

December 31, 2022							Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral		Total Net
Assets
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	$	704,276	$	(704,276)	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	189
Totals	$	704,276	$	(704,276)	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	189
Liabilities
Repurchase Agreements	$	(7,167,334)	$	704,276	$	(6,463,058)	$	6,463,058	$	—	$	—
Totals	$	(7,167,334)	$	704,276	$	(6,463,058)	$	6,463,058	$	—	$	—

(1)The fair value of securities pledged against our repurchase agreements was $7,249,039 at December 31, 2022.

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Derivatives (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Offsetting Assets

March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Assets	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	848,572	$	(848,572)	$	—	$	—
Futures contracts	—		(29,016)		93,937		64,921
TBA Agency Securities	—		—		22,295		22,295
Totals	$	848,572	$	(877,588)	$	116,232	$	87,216
December 31, 2022
Interest rate swap contracts	$	983,659	$	—	$	(955,941)	$	27,718
Futures contracts	94		(516)		9,334		8,912
TBA Agency Securities	703		(12,500)		13,633		1,836
Totals	$	984,456	$	(13,016)	$	(932,974)	$	38,466

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $2,857 amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

Schedule of Offsetting Liabilities

			Gross Amounts Not Offset
Liabilities	Gross Amounts(1)		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral		Total Net
March 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts (2)	$	(32,235)	$	848,572	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
Futures contracts	(29,016)		29,016		—		—
Totals	$	(61,251)	$	877,588	$	(845,852)	$	(29,515)
December 31, 2022
Futures contracts	$	(516)	$	516	$	—	$	—
TBA Agency Securities	(12,500)		12,500		—		—
Totals	$	(13,016)	$	13,016	$	—	$	—

(1)See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional discussion.

(2)Includes $(32,235) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)

The following table represents the information regarding our derivatives which are included in Gain on derivatives, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	Income (Loss) Recognized
		For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives		2023		2022
Interest rate swap contracts (1)		$	(126,414)	$	343,798
Futures contracts		(10,829)		—
TBA Agency Securities		2,843		(99,194)
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net		$	(134,400)	$	244,604

(1)Includes $(29,096) amount of cleared interest rate swap contracts.

Schedule of Derivative Instruments

The following tables present information about our derivatives at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Interest Rate Swap Contracts (1)	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	Weighted Average Rate
March 31, 2023
< 3 years	$	2,750,000	26	3.96	%
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	1,129,000		47	0.65	%
≥ 5 years and < 7 years	754,000		79	0.62	%
≥ 7 years	3,348,000		96	0.96	%
Total or Weighted Average (2)	$	7,981,000	63	1.92	%
December 31, 2022
< 3 years	$	1,066,000	10	0.10	%
≥ 3 years and < 5 years	1,182,000		50	0.63	%
≥ 5 years and < 7 years	754,000		82	0.62	%
≥ 7 years	3,348,000		99	0.96	%
Total or Weighted Average (3)	$	6,350,000	73	0.72	%

(1)Pay Fixed/Receive Variable.

(2)Of this amount, $2,670,000 notional are SOFR based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032; and $5,311,000 notional are Fed Funds based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032. Of this amount, $2,400,000 notional are cleared interest rate swap contracts, the last of which matures in 2026.

(3)Of this amount, $803,000 notional are SOFR based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032; and $5,547,000 notional are Fed Funds based swaps, the last of which matures in 2032.

TBA Agency Securities	Notional Amount		Cost Basis		Fair Value
December 31, 2022
30 Year Long
4.5%	500,000		489,805		481,641
5.0%	300,000		300,164		295,828
Totals (1)	$	800,000	$	789,969	$	777,469

(1) $400,000 notional were forward settling at December 31, 2022.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Contractual Management Fee Commitments Obligation

Based on the management fee base, gross equity raised, as of March 31, 2023, the Company’s contractual management fee commitments are:

Year	Contractual Management Fee
Remainder of 2023	$	31,037
2024	37,245
2025	37,245
2026	37,245
2027	37,245
2028	37,245
2029	37,245
Total	$	254,507

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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity

Transactions related to awards for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are summarized below:

	March 31, 2023
	Number of Awards	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Award
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding beginning of period	568	$	12.88
Granted (1)	1,300	$	5.93
Vested	(94)	$	9.64
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding end of period	1,774	$	7.96

(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 980 RSUs were granted to certain officers of ARMOUR and 320 RSUs were granted to the Board.

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Dividends Payable

The following table presents the components of cumulative distributions to stockholders at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Preferred dividends	$	147,823	$	144,827
Common stock dividends	1,899,537		1,847,534
Totals	$	2,047,360	$	1,992,361

Schedule of Equity Transactions

The following tables present our equity transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transaction Type	Completion Date	Number of Shares	Per Share price (1)		Net Proceeds (costs)
March 31, 2023
2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement	January 4, 2023 - February 8, 2023	29,863	$	6.07	$	181,205
Common stock repurchased	March	(843)	$	(5.11)	$	(4,305)
December 31, 2022
2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement	January 11, 2022 - December 21, 2022	70,041	$	6.79	$	475,537
Common stock repurchased	June, September and October	(1,478)	$	5.19	$	(7,664)

(1)Weighted average price

Schedule of Dividends Transactions

The following table presents our Series C Preferred Stock dividend transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Record Date	Payment Date	Rate per Series C Preferred Share		Aggregate amount paid to holders of record
January 15, 2023	January 27, 2023	$	0.14583	$	998.5
February 15, 2023	February 27, 2023	$	0.14583	998.5
March 15, 2023	March 27, 2023	$	0.14583	998.5
Total dividends paid				$	2,995.5

The following table presents our common stock dividend transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Record Date	Payment Date	Rate per common share		Aggregate amount paid to holders of record
January 17, 2023	January 30, 2023	$	0.10	$	17,007
February 15, 2023	February 27, 2023	$	0.10	19,471
March 15, 2023	March 28, 2023	$	0.08	15,526
Total dividends paid				$	52,004

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Net Income (Loss) per Common Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Weighted Average Number of Shares

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders	$	(34,354)	$	(69,429)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	184,587		96,226

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Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table presents a reconciliation of comprehensive loss and the shares used in calculating weighted average basic and diluted comprehensive loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Comprehensive Loss	$	(19,832)	$	(144,972)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)		(2,995)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders	$	(22,827)	$	(147,967)
Comprehensive Loss per share related to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(1.54)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	184,587		96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested	—		—
Diluted	184,587		96,226

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The following table reconciles our GAAP net loss to estimated REIT taxable income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
GAAP net loss	$	(31,359)	$	(66,434)
Book to tax differences:
TRS income	(17)		(1)
Premium amortization expense	(1)		(41)
Agency Securities, trading	(112,894)		254,389
U.S. Treasury Securities	11,854		78,387
Changes in interest rate contracts	182,140		(250,900)
Amortization of deferred hedging costs	(30,368)		(39,581)
Amortization of deferred Treasury Future gains	5,815		—
Other	296		550
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss)	$	25,466	$	(23,631)

Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards

Net capital losses realized	Amount		Available to offset capital gains through
2018	$	(136,388)	2023
2019	$	(13,819)	2024
2021	$	(15,605)	2026
2022	$	(732,478)	2027

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

The following table reconciles the fees incurred in accordance with the management agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
ARMOUR management fees	$	9,229	$	8,125
Less management fees waived	(1,650)		(1,950)
Total management fee expense	$	7,579	$	6,175

The table below summarizes other transactions with BUCKLER for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transactions with BUCKLER	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase agreements, net (1)	$	5,231,025	$	3,247,474
Collateral posted on repurchase agreements	$	6,149,464	$	3,920,706
Agency Securities Purchased	$	57,039	$	203,147
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	$	155,857	$	593,162
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold	$	154,875	$	814,265

(1)Interest on repurchase agreements, net was $49,609 and $1,033 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. See also, Note 6 - Repurchase Agreements, net for transactions with BUCKLER.

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Organization and Nature of Business Operations (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Corporate Joint Venture
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Percentage of voting interests acquired	10.80%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Realized gain (loss) on sale of available for sale Agency Securities	$ (7,471)	$ 0
Reverse repurchase agreements	504,375		$ 704,276
Obligations to return securities received as collateral	509,121		502,656
Repurchase Agreements
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Reverse repurchase agreements	504,375		704,276
BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Obligations to return securities received as collateral	101,824		$ 100,531
Agency Securities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Realized gain (loss) on sale of available for sale Agency Securities	$ (7,471)

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 dealer
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Trading securities, number of dealers	3

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets at Fair Value:
Securities		$ 187,945
Derivatives	$ 848,572	984,456
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	61,251	13,016
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets at Fair Value:
Derivatives	848,572	984,456
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	61,251	13,016
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Agency Securities
Assets at Fair Value:
Securities	12,084,711	8,198,591
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1
Assets at Fair Value:
Derivatives	0	94
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	29,016	516
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1 | Agency Securities
Assets at Fair Value:
Securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2
Assets at Fair Value:
Derivatives	848,572	984,362
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	32,235	12,500
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 | Agency Securities
Assets at Fair Value:
Securities	12,084,711	8,198,591
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 3
Assets at Fair Value:
Derivatives	0	0
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Derivatives	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 3 | Agency Securities
Assets at Fair Value:
Securities	$ 0	$ 0

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Investments in Securities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities	$ 12,084,711		$ 8,198,591
Realized gain (loss) on sale of available for sale Agency Securities	(7,471)	$ 0
TBA Agency Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities), net			(11,797)
TBA Agency Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Trading securities			777,469
Agency Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Trading securities	12,084,711		$ 8,198,591
Realized gain (loss) on sale of available for sale Agency Securities	$ (7,471)

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Investments in Securities - Carrying Value of Trading Securities (Details) - Agency Securities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Line Items]
Principal Amount	$ 12,267,310	$ 8,711,267
Amortized Cost	12,337,029	8,752,957
Gross Unrealized Loss	(277,230)	(554,734)
Gross Unrealized Gain	24,912	368
Fair Value	12,084,711	8,198,591
Available for sale securities
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Line Items]
Principal Amount		191,870
Amortized Cost		199,472
Gross Unrealized Loss		(11,527)
Gross Unrealized Gain		0
Fair Value		187,945
Trading securities
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Line Items]
Principal Amount	12,267,310	8,519,397
Amortized Cost	12,337,029	8,553,485
Gross Unrealized Loss	(277,230)	(543,207)
Gross Unrealized Gain	24,912	368
Fair Value	$ 12,084,711	$ 8,010,646

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Investment In Securities - Summary of Weighted Average Lives of Available for Sale Securities and Weighted Average Lives of Trading Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value
Less than 1 year		$ 61
Greater than or equal to 1 year and less than 3 years		2,390
Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years		11,541
Greater than or equal to 5 years		173,953
Totals		187,945
Amortized Cost
Less than 1 year		64
Greater than or equal to 1 year and less than 3 years		2,525
Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years		12,171
Greater than or equal to 5 years		184,712
Totals		199,472
Fair Value
Less than 1 year	$ 0	0
Greater than or equal to 1 year and less than 3 years	84,915	0
Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years	2,508,753	0
Greater than or equal to 5 years	9,491,043	8,010,646
Totals	12,084,711	8,010,646
Amortized Cost
Less than 1 year	0	0
Greater than or equal to 1 year and less than 3 years	85,272	0
Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years	2,512,098	0
Greater than or equal to 5 years	9,739,659	8,553,485
Totals	$ 12,337,029	$ 8,553,485

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Investments in Securities - Gross Unrealized Losses and Estimated Fair Value of Available for Sale Securities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 187,397
Greater than or equal to 12 months	548
Total	187,945
Unrealized Losses
Less than 12 months	(11,497)
Greater than or equal to 12 months	(30)
Unrealized Losses	$ (11,527)

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Repurchase Agreements, net - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) counterparty	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) counterparty
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of counterparties with master repurchase agreements	38	38
Repurchase agreements, carrying amount | $	$ 10,554,538	$ 6,463,058
Number of counterparties with repurchase agreements outstanding	16	16
Haircut (as a percent)	3.40%	3.85%
Ratio of indebtedness to net capital	12
Counterparty Concentration Risk | Aggregate Borrowings
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of counterparties	3	3
Counterparty Concentration Risk | BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Aggregate Borrowings
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of concentration risk	49.60%	50.20%
Counterparty Concentration Risk | BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Stockholders' Equity
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of concentration risk	15.20%	12.90%
Weighted average maturity	18 days	15 days
Counterparty Concentration Risk | Three Repurchase Agreement Counterparties | Aggregate Borrowings
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of concentration risk	5.00%	5.00%
Counterparty Concentration Risk | Three Repurchase Agreement Counterparties | Repurchase Agreement Borrowings
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of concentration risk	24.00%	28.10%

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Repurchase Agreements, net - Contractual Repricing, Master Repurchase Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Balance	$ 10,554,538		$ 6,463,058
Weighted Average Contractual Rate			4.43%
Weighted Average Maturity in days		16 days
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, gross	504,375		$ 704,276
Obligations to return securities received as collateral	509,121		502,656
Repurchase Agreements
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, gross	504,375		704,276
Agency Securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Balance	$ 10,554,538
Weighted Average Contractual Rate	4.89%
Weighted Average Maturity in days	19 days
≤ 30 days | Agency Securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Balance	$ 7,905,065		$ 5,912,572
Weighted Average Contractual Rate	4.87%		4.43%
Weighted Average Maturity in days	13 days	15 days
> 30 days to ≤ 90 days | Agency Securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Balance	$ 2,649,473
Weighted Average Contractual Rate	4.95%
Weighted Average Maturity in days	36 days
> 30 days to ≤ 60 days | Agency Securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Balance			$ 550,486
Weighted Average Contractual Rate			4.48%
Weighted Average Maturity in days		34 days

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Repurchase Agreements, net - Reverse Repurchase Agreements Gross and Net Securities Purchased and Sold (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, gross	$ 504,375	$ 704,276
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheet	(504,375)	(704,276)
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet	0	0
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, deduction of financial instrument not offset	0	0
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, collateral, obligation to return cash not offset	0	189
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, net	0	189
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, gross	(11,058,913)	(7,167,334)
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheet	504,375	704,276
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet	(10,554,538)	(6,463,058)
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, deduction of financial instrument not offset	10,554,538	6,463,058
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, collateral, obligation to return cash not offset	0	0
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, net	0	0
Pledged securities	11,669,921	7,249,039
Repurchase Agreements
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, gross	504,375	704,276
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheet	(504,375)	(704,276)
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet	0	0
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, deduction of financial instrument not offset	0	0
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, collateral, obligation to return cash not offset	0	189
Debt securities, available for sale and trading, repurchase securities, net	0	189
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, gross	(11,058,913)	(7,167,334)
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheet	504,375	704,276
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet	(10,554,538)	(6,463,058)
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, deduction of financial instrument not offset	10,554,538	6,463,058
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, subject to master netting arrangement, collateral, obligation to return cash not offset	0	0
Debt securities, available for purchase and trading, repurchase securities, net	$ 0	$ 0

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Derivatives - Additional Information (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Ratio of indebtedness to net capital	12

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Derivatives - Offsetting Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Offsetting Assets [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	$ 848,572	$ 984,456
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	(877,588)	(13,016)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	116,232	(932,974)
Total Net	87,216	38,466
Interest rate swap contracts
Offsetting Assets [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	848,572	983,659
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	(848,572)	0
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	0	(955,941)
Total Net	0	27,718
Derivative asset cleared	2,857
Futures contracts
Offsetting Assets [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	0	94
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	(29,016)	(516)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	93,937	9,334
Total Net	64,921	8,912
TBA Agency Securities
Offsetting Assets [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	0	703
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	0	(12,500)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	22,295	13,633
Total Net	$ 22,295	$ 1,836

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Derivatives - Offsetting Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	$ (61,251)	$ (13,016)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	877,588	13,016
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	(845,852)	0
Net Amount	(29,515)	0
Interest rate swap contracts
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	(32,235)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	848,572
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	(845,852)
Net Amount	(29,515)
Derivative liability cleared		(32,235)
Futures contracts
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross Amounts	(29,016)	(516)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments	29,016	516
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral	0	0
Net Amount	$ 0	0
TBA Agency Securities
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross Amounts		(12,500)
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Financial Instruments		12,500
Gross Amounts Not Offset, Cash Collateral		0
Net Amount		$ 0

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Derivatives - Location and Information of Derivatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net	[1]	$ (134,400)	$ 244,604
Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net		(126,414)	343,798
Cleared interest rate swap contracts		(29,096)
Futures contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net		(10,829)	0
TBA Agency Securities
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, net		$ 2,843	$ (99,194)

[1] Interest expense related to our interest rate swap contracts is recorded in gain on derivatives, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For additional information, see financial statement Note 7.

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Derivatives - Interest Rate Swap Contracts, Swaptions and Futures Contracts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 7,981,000	$ 6,350,000
Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	63 months	73 months
Weighted Average Rate	1.92%	0.72%
Fed Funds Effective Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 5,311,000	$ 5,547,000
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	2,670,000	$ 803,000
Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 2,400,000
Less than 3 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, remaining maturity	3 years	3 years
Notional Amount	$ 2,750,000	$ 1,066,000
Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	26 months	10 months
Weighted Average Rate	3.96%	0.10%
Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 1,129,000	$ 1,182,000
Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	47 months	50 months
Weighted Average Rate	0.65%	0.63%
Greater than or equal to 5 years and less than 7 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 754,000	$ 754,000
Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	79 months	82 months
Weighted Average Rate	0.62%	0.62%
Greater than or equal to 7 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, remaining maturity	7 years	7 years
Notional Amount	$ 3,348,000	$ 3,348,000
Weighted Average Remaining Term (Months)	96 months	99 months
Weighted Average Rate	0.96%	0.96%
Minimum | Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, remaining maturity	3 years	3 years
Minimum | Greater than or equal to 5 years and less than 7 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, remaining maturity	5 years	5 years
Maximum | Greater than or equal to 3 years and less than 5 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, remaining maturity	5 years	5 years
Maximum | Greater than or equal to 5 years and less than 7 years
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, remaining maturity	7 years	7 years

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Derivatives - TBA Agency Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 7,981,000	$ 6,350,000
TBA Agency Securities, 30-year, 4.5%
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate		4.50%
Notional Amount		$ 500,000
Cost Basis		489,805
Fair Value		$ 481,641
TBA Agency Securities, 30-year, 5.0%
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate		5.00%
Notional Amount		$ 300,000
Cost Basis		300,164
Fair Value		295,828
TBA Agency Securities
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount		800,000
Cost Basis		789,969
Fair Value		777,469
Notional amount, forward settling		$ 400,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended
	Jan. 13, 2021	Apr. 25, 2016 lawsuit	Apr. 24, 2016 lawsuit	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) defendant lawsuit	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Feb. 14, 2023 USD ($)	Oct. 25, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Apr. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Apr. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Monthly percentage of effective management fee percentage				8.33%
Gross equity raised				$ 3,965,947
Effective management fee percentage based on total stockholder's equity				3.07%
Fee waiver adjustment, first quarter							$ 1,650			$ 2,100		$ 2,400
Fee waiver adjustment, every month thereafter							$ 550	$ 650	$ 700		$ 800
Management fees waived				$ 1,650	$ 1,950
Transactions
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of new claims filed | lawsuit		1	8	9
Number of defendants that are current directors | defendant				8
ACM
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Percentage of gross equity raised used in calculation of management fee up to 1 billion				1.50%
Percentage of gross equity raised used in calculation of management fee in excess of 1 billion				0.75%
Effective management fee				0.94%
Management fee waived percentage	40.00%					40.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2023	$ 31,037
2024	37,245
2025	37,245
2026	37,245
2027	37,245
2028	37,245
2029	37,245
Total	$ 254,507

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Stock Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation cost not yet recognized, year one	$ 2,805
Compensation cost not yet recognized, year two	3,626
Compensation cost not yet recognized, thereafter	7,695
Board of Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Nonemployee services transaction, quarterly fee	$ 33
The 2009 Stock Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	867
Compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 14,126
The 2009 Stock Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 7.96	$ 12.88

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Stock Based Compensation - Restricted Shares (Details) - The 2009 Stock Incentive Plan - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Number of Awards
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding beginning of period (in shares)	568
Granted (in shares)	1,300
Vested (in shares)	(94)
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding end of period (in shares)	1,774
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Award
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.88
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.93
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	9.64
Unvested RSU Awards Outstanding end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.96
Board of Directors
Number of Awards
Granted (in shares)	320
Armour Capital Management | Officer
Number of Awards
Granted (in shares)	980

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Stockholders' Equity - Cumulative Dividends (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cumulative distributions to stockholders	$ 2,047,360	$ 1,992,361
Preferred dividends
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cumulative distributions to stockholders	147,823	144,827
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cumulative distributions to stockholders	$ 1,899,537	$ 1,847,534

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands																1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 15, 2023	May 15, 2023	Apr. 27, 2023	Mar. 28, 2023	Mar. 27, 2023	Feb. 27, 2023	Jan. 30, 2023	Jan. 27, 2023	Jan. 17, 2023	Nov. 04, 2022	Jun. 09, 2022	Nov. 12, 2021	May 18, 2021	May 14, 2021	May 04, 2020	Apr. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 14, 2023	Feb. 13, 2023	Jul. 26, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 29, 2020
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)																	50,000,000		50,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)																	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Preferred stock, undesignated shares authorized (in shares)																	40,000,000
Repurchase program, shares authorized (in shares)																						2,000,000
Common stock repurchased (in shares)																	0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)																	450,000,000		300,000,000	450,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)																	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)																	192,003,000		162,911,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)																	192,003,000		162,911,000
Issuance of common stock, net																	$ 181,205	$ 54,436
Payments of stock issuance costs																	$ 36
Remaining shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)																	5,889,000		6,732,000
Common stock repurchased																	$ (4,305)	0
Aggregate amount paid to holders of record																	$ 52,004	$ 29,108
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)																	$ 0.28	$ 0.30
Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments for commissions																$ 157
Aggregate amount paid to holders of record			$ 15,788
Common stock dividends, cash paid (in dollars per share)			$ 0.08
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.08
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)																	(843,000)		(1,478,000)
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)																	192,003,000	100,361,000	162,911,000				94,152,000
Issuance of common stock, net																	$ 30	$ 6
Common stock repurchased																	$ (4,305)		$ (7,664)
At-The-Market Offering Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Commission rate														2.00%	2.00%
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)														$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)														17,000,000	17,000,000
Common stock, additional shares authorized (in shares)									48,678,000	35,000,000	28,800,000	25,000,000
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)																	33,150,000
At-The-Market Offering Program | Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Consideration received on transaction																$ 18,267
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)																	10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)																	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Preferred stock, dividend rate																	7.00%		7.00%
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)																	6,847,000		6,847,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)																	6,847,000		6,847,000
Preferred stock, liquidation preference (in dollars per share)																	$ 25.00		$ 25.00
Preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference																	$ 171,175		$ 171,175
Preferred stock, designated but unissued shares authorized (in shares)																	3,153,000		3,153,000
Preferred stock dividends, cash paid (in dollars per share)					$ 0.14583	$ 0.14583		$ 0.14583
Series C Preferred Stock | Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends, cash paid (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14583		$ 0.14583
Aggregate amount paid to holders of record			$ 998
Series C Preferred Stock | January 23, 2020 Underwriting Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, liquidation preference (in dollars per share)																	$ 25.00		$ 25.00
Series C Preferred Stock | Preferred C ATM Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)																								6,550,000
Commission rate																								2.00%
Series C Preferred Stock | At-The-Market Offering Program | Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)																3,510,000
Series C Preferred Stock | January 29, 2020, Equity Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)													10,713,000
Issuance of common stock, net													$ 129,336
Payments of stock issuance costs													$ 1,682
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate amount paid to holders of record				$ 15,526		$ 19,471	$ 17,007										$ 52,004
Common stock dividends, cash paid (in dollars per share)				$ 0.08		$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common Stock | At-The-Market Offering Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)																	29,863,000		70,041,000
Issuance of common stock, net																			$ 475,537
Payments of stock issuance costs																	$ 1,968
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net																	$ 181,205

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Stockholders' Equity - Equity Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 14, 2021	May 04, 2020	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)			0
Payments for common stock repurchased			$ (4,305)	$ 0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			$ 181,205	54,436
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)			(843,000)		(1,478,000)
Per Share price (in dollars per share)			$ (5.11)		$ 5.19
Payments for common stock repurchased			$ (4,305)		$ (7,664)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			$ 30	$ 6
At-The-Market Offering Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued (in shares)	17,000,000	17,000,000
Common Stock | At-The-Market Offering Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued (in shares)			29,863,000		70,041,000
Per Share price (in dollars per share)			$ 6.07		$ 6.79
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net			$ 181,205
Proceeds from issuance of common stock					$ 475,537

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Stockholders' Equity - Dividend Transactions (Details) - USD ($)						3 Months Ended
	Mar. 28, 2023	Mar. 27, 2023	Feb. 27, 2023	Jan. 30, 2023	Jan. 27, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments of dividends						$ 2,995,000	$ 2,995,000
Aggregate amount paid to holders of record						52,004,000	$ 29,108,000
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends, cash paid (in dollars per share)		$ 0.14583	$ 0.14583		$ 0.14583
Payments of dividends		$ 998,500	$ 998,500		$ 998,500	2,995,500
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock dividends, cash paid (in dollars per share)	$ 0.08		$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Aggregate amount paid to holders of record	$ 15,526,000		$ 19,471,000	$ 17,007,000		$ 52,004,000

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Net Income (Loss) per Common Share - Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) and Shares Used in Calculating Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss	$ (31,359)	$ (66,434)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)	(2,995)
Net Loss related to common stockholders	$ (34,354)	$ (69,429)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic (in shares)	184,587	96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested (in shares)	0	0
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)	184,587	96,226
Potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding (in shares)	1,744	760

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Comprehensive Income (Loss) per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Comprehensive Loss	$ (19,832)	$ (144,972)
Less: Preferred dividends	(2,995)	(2,995)
Comprehensive Loss related to common stockholders	$ (22,827)	$ (147,967)
Comprehensive Loss per share related to common stockholders:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.12)	$ (1.54)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.12)	$ (1.54)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	184,587	96,226
Add: Effect of dilutive non-vested awards, assumed vested (in shares)	0	0
Diluted (in shares)	184,587	96,226
Potentially dilutive non-vested awards outstanding (in shares)	1,744	760

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to Estimated REIT Taxable Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
GAAP net loss	$ (31,359)	$ (66,434)
Book to tax differences:
TRS income	(17)	(1)
Premium amortization expense	(1)	(41)
Agency Securities, trading	(112,894)	254,389
U.S. Treasury Securities	11,854	78,387
Changes in interest rate contracts	182,140	(250,900)
Amortization of deferred hedging costs	(30,368)	(39,581)
Amortization of deferred Treasury Future gains	5,815	0
Other	296	550
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss)	$ 25,466	$ (23,631)

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards available for use indefinitely	$ 257,341
Aggregate tax basis of stockholders' equity in excess of assets and liabilities	$ (261,185)
Aggregate tax basis of stockholders' equity in excess of assets and liabilities (in dollars per share)	$ (1.36)
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	192,003		162,911
Payment of dividends	$ 54,999	$ 32,103
Interest rate swap contracts
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Unrealized gain (loss) yet to be amortized	$ 253,854		$ 307,316

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Income Taxes - Capital Losses Realized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Capital Loss Carryforward
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ (732,478)	$ (15,605)	$ (13,819)	$ (136,388)

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 22, 2021	Jan. 13, 2021	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 20, 2023	Feb. 14, 2023	Oct. 25, 2021	Jul. 01, 2021	Apr. 20, 2021	Apr. 01, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Fee waiver adjustment, first quarter								$ 1,650			$ 2,100		$ 2,400
Fee waiver adjustment, every month thereafter								$ 550	$ 650	$ 700		$ 800
Management fees			$ 9,244	$ 8,140
Subordinated loan to BUCKLER			0			$ 105,000
Payments of stock issuance costs			$ 36
Common stock repurchased (in shares)			0
Common stock repurchased			$ (4,305)	0
Common Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)			(843,000)			(1,478,000)
Common stock repurchased			$ (4,305)			$ (7,664)
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement | Series B Preferred Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments of stock issuance costs			$ 1,729
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Common Stock | 2021 Common stock ATM Sales Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Stock issued (in shares)			26,103,000
Issuance of Series C Preferred stock, net of expenses			$ 159,301
ACM
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Period of written notice of termination			180 days
Management fee reduction (as a percent)		40.00%			40.00%
ACM | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Award vesting period			5 years
Corporate Joint Venture | BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership percentage			10.80%
Equity method investments, value			$ 485			$ 377
Proceeds from divestiture of interest in joint venture			0	0
Required annual reduction in share of gross financing profit			$ 306
Subordinated loan to BUCKLER							$ 200,000
Armour Management Agreement | ACM
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Automatic renewal period of management agreement			5 years
Other Expense | ACM
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Management fees			$ 235	107
Stock Based Compensation Expense | ACM
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Management fees			141	162
Required Regulatory Capital Requirement of Related Party | Corporate Joint Venture | BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Loans receivable related parties			$ 105,000
Related party transaction, rate			0.00%
Related parties loans, proceeds			$ 973	$ 19
Uncommitted Revolving Credit Facility and Security Agreement | Corporate Joint Venture
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Maximum lending capacity	$ 50,000
Basis spread	2.00%

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Related Party Transactions - Schedule of Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
ARMOUR management fees	$ 9,229	$ 8,125
Less management fees waived	(1,650)	(1,950)
Total management fee expense	7,579	6,175
Agency Securities Purchased	5,317,154	1,778,122
Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	619,373	2,654,611
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold	613,852	1,470,125
Corporate Joint Venture | BUCKLER Securities, LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, net	5,231,025		$ 3,247,474
Agency Securities Purchased	57,039		203,147
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Corporate Joint Venture
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, net	5,231,025		3,247,474
Collateral posted on repurchase agreements	6,149,464		3,920,706
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased			593,162
Interest on repurchase agreements	49,609	1,033
BUCKLER Securities, LLC | Corporate Joint Venture | Loss on U.S. Treasury Securities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
U.S. Treasury Securities Purchased	155,857	592,600
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold	$ 154,875	$ 767,448	$ 814,265