Warrants

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Warrants

Warrants

(6) Warrants

On February 8, 2023, the Company completed a public offering in which three classes of warrants were issued. There were 2,199,375 common stock purchase warrants issued with an alternative cashless exercise provision. The alternative cashless exercise allows the holder to exercise one warrant share for 0.5 shares of common stock or exercise via the cash exercise price of $8.00 per share of common stock per warrant. The Company classifies these warrants as a liability, and the Company utilized a bifurcated Black-Scholes option pricing model to consider the cash exercise option and cashless exercise option. The bifurcated Black-Scholes option pricing model used an exercise price where the two exercise methods would be indifferent with market inputs of the stock price on the issuance, risk free interest rate, expected share price volatility and dividend yield. The Company calculates the fair value of the warrants at each reporting period and when a warrant is exercised, with the changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations.

Below is a summary of the initial inputs used in the bifurcated Black-Scholes option pricing model.

	Cash Exercise		Cashless Exercise
Stock Price	$	5.905	$	5.905
Exercise Price	$	16.00	$	0.00
Term (years)		5.00		5.00
Volatility		96.50%		96.50%
Risk Free Rate		3.784%		3.784%
Dividend Yield		0%		0%

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities:

	Common Stock
	Purchase Warrants
Fair value as of December 31, 2023	$	72
Gain on changes in fair value of liability warrants		(21)
Fair value as of March 31, 2024	$	51

In addition, one of the investors purchased 90,000 pre-funded warrants at a price of $7.999 per warrant. These warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and do not expire. The pre-funded warrants were valued at $0.5 million using the fair value approach at the time of issuance. The fair value of the pre-funded warrants was determined using a Black Scholes option pricing model using a risk free rate of 3.784%, an expected term of 5.0 years, expected dividends of zero and expected volatility of 96.5%.

As part of the terms of the offering the Company issued 73,313 representative’s warrants with an exercise price of $8.80 per share and expiration date on February 3, 2028. The representative’s warrants were valued at $0.3 million using the fair value approach at the time of issuance. The fair value of the representative’s warrants was determined using a Black Scholes option pricing model using a risk free rate of 3.786%, an expected term of 4.99 years, expected dividends of zero and expected volatility of 96.5%.