XML 74 R30.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v2.4.0.6
ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]  
Basis of Consolidation [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), including the accounts of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (which may be referred to as Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, or the Company) and all of its controlled majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Material subsequent events are evaluated and disclosed through the report issuance date.

 

Codevelopment, cocommercialization and license arrangements are assessed to determine whether the terms provide economic or other control over the entity requiring consolidation of an entity. Entities controlled by means other than a majority voting interest are referred to as variable interest entities. There were no arrangements with material variable interest entities during any of the periods presented.
Use of Estimates [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of management estimates and assumptions. The most significant assumptions are employed in estimates used in determining the fair value and potential impairment of intangible assets; sales rebate and return accruals; legal contingencies; income taxes; and pension and postretirement benefits. Actual results may differ from estimated results.
Reclassifications [Text Block]

Reclassifications

 

Certain prior period amounts were reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The presentation of depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of cash flows includes the depreciation of property, plant and equipment, the amortization of intangible assets and deferred income. The provision for restructuring, equity in net income of affiliates, and litigation expense, net, previously presented separately on the consolidated statements of earnings are currently presented as components of other (income)/expense.
Revenue Recognition [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed and determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and title and substantially all risks and rewards of ownership is transferred, generally at time of shipment. However, certain sales of non-U.S. businesses are recognized on the date of receipt by the purchaser. See “—Note 3. Alliances and Collaborations” for further discussion of revenue recognition related to alliances. Provisions are made at the time of revenue recognition for expected sales returns, discounts, rebates and estimated sales allowances based on historical experience updated for changes in facts and circumstances including the impact of applicable healthcare legislation. Such provisions are recognized as a reduction of revenue.

 

Revenue is deferred until the right of return no longer exists or sufficient historical experience to estimate sales returns is developed when a new product is not an extension of an existing line of product or there is no historical experience with products in a similar therapeutic category
Income Taxes [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

 

The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recognized to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment including the long-range forecast of future taxable income and the evaluation of tax planning initiatives. Adjustments to the deferred tax valuation allowances are made to earnings in the period when such assessments are made.

 

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements for a particular tax position is based on the largest benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement.

 
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include U.S. Treasury securities, government agency securities, bank deposits, time deposits and money market funds. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase and are recognized at cost, which approximates fair value.
Marketable Securities and Investments in Other Companies [Policy Text Block]

Marketable Securities and Investments in Other Companies

 

Marketable securities are classified as “available-for-sale” on the date of purchase and reported at fair value. Fair value is determined based on observable market quotes or valuation models using assessments of counterparty credit worthiness, credit default risk or underlying security and overall capital market liquidity.

 

Investments in 50% or less owned companies are accounted for using the equity method of accounting when the ability to exercise significant influence is maintained. The share of net income or losses of equity investments is included in equity in net income of affiliates in other (income)/expense. Equity investments are reviewed for impairment by assessing if the decline in market value of the investment below the carrying value is other than temporary, which considers the intent and ability to retain the investment, the length of time and extent that the market value has been less than cost, and the financial condition of the investee.

 
Inventory Valuation [Policy Text Block]

Inventory Valuation

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or market.

 
Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation [Policy Text Block]

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation

 

Expenditures for additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of depreciable assets range from 20 to 50 years for buildings and 3 to 20 years for machinery, equipment, and fixtures.

 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets [Policy Text Block]

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Current facts or circumstances are periodically evaluated to determine if the carrying value of depreciable assets to be held and used may not be recoverable. If such circumstances exist, an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows generated by the long-lived asset, or the appropriate grouping of assets, is compared to the carrying value to determine whether an impairment exists at its lowest level of identifiable cash flows. If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on the difference between the asset's fair value and its carrying value. An estimate of the asset's fair value is based on quoted market prices in active markets, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques using Level 3 fair value inputs, including a discounted value of estimated future cash flows. Long-lived assets held for sale are reported at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated net realizable value.

 
Capitalized Software [Policy Text Block]

Capitalized Software

 

Eligible costs to obtain internal use software for significant systems projects are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Insignificant costs to obtain software for projects are expensed as incurred.

 
Business Combinations [Policy Text Block]

Business Combinations

 

Businesses acquired are consolidated upon obtaining control of the acquiree. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Legal, audit, business valuation, and all other business acquisition costs are expensed when incurred.

 
Goodwill, Acquired In-Process Research and Development and Other Intangible Assets [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill, Acquired In-Process Research and Development and Other Intangible Assets

 

The fair value of intangible assets is typically determined using the “income method” which utilizes Level 3 fair value inputs. The market participant valuations assume a global view considering all potential jurisdictions and indications based on discounted after-tax cash flow projections, risk adjusted for estimated probability of technical and regulatory success (for IPRD).

 

Finite-lived intangible assets, including licenses, developed technology rights and IPRD projects that reach commercialization are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life. Estimated useful lives are determined considering the period in which the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows.

 

Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment by assessing qualitative factors or performing a quantitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of net assets are below their carrying amounts. Examples of qualitative factors assessed in 2012 include our share price, our financial performance compared to budgets, long-term financial plans, macroeconomic, industry and market conditions as well as the substantial excess of fair value over the carrying value of net assets from the annual impairment test performed in the prior year. Each relevant factor is assessed both individually and in the aggregate.

 

IPRD is tested for impairment on an annual basis and more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that would indicate a potential reduction in the fair values of the assets below their carrying value. If the carrying value of IPRD is determined to exceed the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

 

Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment when facts or circumstances suggest that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying value exceeds the projected undiscounted pre-tax cash flows of the intangible asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value (discounted after-tax cash flows) is recognized.

 

 
Restructuring [Policy Text Block]

Restructuring

 

Restructuring charges are recognized as a result of actions to streamline operations and rationalize manufacturing facilities. Judgment is used when estimating the impact of restructuring plans, including future termination benefits and other exit costs to be incurred when the actions take place. Actual results could vary from these estimates.

 
Contingencies [Policy Text Block]

Contingencies

 

Loss contingencies from legal proceedings and claims may occur from a wide range of matters, including, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, contractual claims and tax matters. Accruals are recognized when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Gain contingencies are not recognized until realized. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.

 
Derivative Financial Instruments [Policy Text Block]

Derivative Financial Instruments

 

Derivatives are used principally in the management of interest rate and foreign currency exposures and are not held or used for trading purposes.

 

Derivatives are recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings unless specific hedge criteria are met. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, changes in fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) and subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. Cash flows are classified consistent with the underlying hedged item.

 

Derivatives are designated and assigned as hedges of forecasted transactions, specific assets or specific liabilities. When hedged assets or liabilities are sold or extinguished or the forecasted transactions being hedged are no longer probable to occur, a gain or loss is immediately recognized in earnings.

 

Non-derivative instruments, primarily euro denominated long-term debt, are also designated as hedges of net investments in foreign affiliates. The effective portion of the designated non-derivative instrument is recognized in the foreign currency translation section of OCI and the ineffective portion is recognized in earnings.

 
Shipping and Handling Costs [Policy Text Block]

Shipping and Handling Costs

 

Shipping and handling costs are included in marketing, selling and administrative expenses and were $125 million in 2012, $139 million in 2011 and $135 million in 2010.

 
Advertising and Product Promotion Costs [Policy Text Block]

Advertising and Product Promotion Costs

 

Advertising and product promotion costs are expensed as incurred.

 
Foreign Currency Translation [Policy Text Block]

Foreign Currency Translation

 

Foreign subsidiary earnings are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates. The net assets of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates. The U.S. dollar effects that arise from translating the net assets of these subsidiaries at changing rates are recognized in OCI.

 
Research and Development [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Clinical study costs are accrued over the service periods specified in the contracts and adjusted as necessary based upon an ongoing review of the level of effort and costs actually incurred. Strategic alliances with third parties provide rights to develop, manufacture, market and/or sell pharmaceutical products, the rights to which are owned by the other party. Certain research and development payments to alliance partners are contingent upon the achievement of certain pre-determined criteria. Milestone payments achieved prior to regulatory approval of the product are expensed as research and development. Milestone payments made in connection with regulatory approvals are capitalized and amortized to cost of products sold over the remaining useful life of the asset. Capitalized milestone payments are tested for recoverability periodically or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Research and development is recognized net of reimbursements in connection with collaboration agreements.

 

Upfront, pre-approval milestone and other licensing receipts obtained during development are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the product in other income. If the Company has no future obligation for development, upfront milestone and other licensing receipts are recognized immediately in other income. The amortization period of upfront, licensing and milestone receipts is assessed and determined after considering terms of the arrangements.