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EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Based Compensation Expense Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in millions202320222021
Cost of products sold$51 $41 $57 
Marketing, selling and administrative215 195 241 
Research and development252 221 272 
Other (income)/expense, net— — 13 
Total stock-based compensation expense$518 $457 $583 
Income tax benefit(a)
$105 $91 $120 
(a)    Income tax benefit excludes excess tax benefits from share-based compensation awards that were vested or exercised of $19 million in 2023, $74 million in 2022 and $38 million in 2021.
Summary of Stock Compensation Activity
The following table summarizes the stock compensation activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:
 Stock OptionsRSUsMSUsPSUs
Shares in MillionsNumber of OptionsWeighted-Average Exercise Price of SharesNumber of Nonvested RSUsWeighted-Average Grant-Date Fair ValueNumber of Nonvested MSUsWeighted-Average Grant-Date Fair ValueNumber of Nonvested PSUsWeighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance at January 1, 202321.9 $55.25 16.9 $59.17 1.8 $58.25 3.5 $60.88 
Granted— — 9.5 60.26 1.0 57.99 1.5 63.86 
Released/Exercised(4.8)46.79 (6.3)57.57 (0.7)56.64 (1.1)55.59 
Adjustments for actual payout— — — — 0.1 54.42 0.1 55.59 
Forfeited/Canceled(0.9)63.49 (2.1)60.10 (0.3)58.78 (0.4)64.29 
Balance at December 31, 202316.2 57.34 18.0 60.21 1.9 58.52 3.6 63.32 
Expected to vest15.8 60.14 1.6 58.50 2.9 63.07 

Dollars in millionsRestricted Stock UnitsMarket Share UnitsPerformance Share Units
Unrecognized compensation cost$763 $49 $75 
Expected weighted-average period in years of compensation cost to be recognized2.52.71.6
Amounts in Millions, except per share data202320222021
Weighted-average grant date fair value (per share):
RSUs60.2664.12$56.58 
MSUs57.9960.7458.04 
PSUs63.8666.7659.04 
Fair value of awards that vested:
RSUs - replacement awards$— $152 $519 
RSUs365 300 246 
MSUs45 44 37 
PSUs65 68 61 
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised90 526 512 
Summary of Significant Outstanding and Exercisable Options
The following table summarizes significant outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 2023:
Range of Exercise PricesNumber of Options (in millions)Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per ShareAggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
$10 - $40
0.7 0.8$36.34 $11 
$40 - $55
5.5 2.849.76 16 
$55 - $65
6.6 1.959.45 — 
$65 +
3.4 2.570.04 — 
Outstanding16.2 2.357.34 $26 
Exercisable16.2 2.357.34 $26