15.

Income Taxes

The components of net loss consist of the following (in thousands):

	For the Years Ended June 30,
	2017		2016
United States	$	(16,122)	$	(10,635)
Brazil		(17)		(22)
Total	$	(16,139)	$	(10,657)

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes consist of the following (in thousands):

	For the Years Ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Current – Federal, state and foreign	$	-	$	-
Deferred – Federal		(5,178)		(260)
Deferred – State		(866)		(9)
Deferred – Foreign		(4)		(1)
Total		(6,048)		(270)
Change in valuation allowance		6,048		270
Income tax expense	$	-	$	-

The Company has deferred income taxes due to income tax credits, net operating loss carryforwards, and the effect of temporary differences between the carrying values of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes.

The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	As of June 30,
	2017		2016
Deferred tax assets (liabilities):
Net operating loss	$	17,827	$	17,172
Share-based compensation		3,072		726
Research and development tax credits		1,285		1,097
Suspended losses in iBio CDMO		2,762		255
Basis in iBio CDMO		538		145
Intangible assets		(267)		(219)
Vacation accrual and other		24		17
Valuation allowance		(25,241)		(19,193)
Total	$	-	$	-

The Company has a valuation allowance against the full amount of its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of realization of the deferred tax assets due to operating loss history of the Company. The Company currently provides a valuation allowance against deferred taxes when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance could be reduced or eliminated based on future earnings and future estimates of taxable income.

Federal net operating losses of approximately $5.5 million were used by the Former Parent prior to June 30, 2008 and are not available to the Company. The Former Parent allocated the use of the Federal net operating losses available for use on its consolidated Federal tax return on a pro rata basis based on all of the available net operating losses from all the entities included in its control group.

U.S. Federal and state net operating losses of approximately $50.1 million and $12.9 million, respectively, are available to the Company as of June 30, 2017 and will expire at various dates through 2037. These carryforwards could be subject to certain limitations in the event there is a change in control of the Company pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, though the Company has not performed a study to determine if the loss carryforwards are subject to these Section 382 limitations. The Company has a research and development credit carryforward of approximately $1.3 million at June 30, 2017. In addition, the Company has foreign net operating losses totaling approximately $119,000 with no expiration date.

A reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Years Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Statutory federal income tax rate		34	%		34	%
State (net of federal benefit)		6	%		6	%
Research and development tax credit		1	%		1	%
Permanent differences		(5)	%		(7)	%
Reclassification of incentive stock options to non-qualifying		13	%		-	%
Expiration of stock options and warrants		-	%		(31)	%
Change in valuation allowance		(49)	%		(3)	%
Effective income tax rate		-	%		-	%

The Company has not been audited in connection with income taxes. iBio files U.S. Federal and state income tax returns subject to varying statutes of limitations. The 2013 through 2016 tax returns generally remain open to examination by U.S. Federal authorities and the 2013 through 2016 tax returns generally remain open to examination by state tax authorities. In addition, the 2015 through 2017 Brazilian federal tax returns remain open to examination by Brazil’s federal tax authorities.