logm-10k_20181231.htm

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2018 was $4,671,763,901.

As of February 19, 2019, the registrant had 50,839,497 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the 2019 annual stockholders’ meeting are incorporated by reference into Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Matters discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to future events or our future performance, including any discussion, express or implied, of our anticipated growth, operating results, future earnings per share, market opportunity, plans and objectives, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are often identified by the words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” or “continue,” and similar expressions or variations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Report. The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K represent our views as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

LogMeIn simplifies how people connect with each other and the world around them to drive meaningful interactions, deepen relationships, and create better outcomes for individuals and businesses. A market leader in unified communications and collaboration, identity and access management, and customer engagement and support solutions, LogMeIn has millions of customers spanning virtually every country across the globe. LogMeIn is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts with additional locations in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

We incorporated under the laws of Bermuda as 3am Labs Ltd in February 2003. In August 2004, we completed a domestication in the State of Delaware under the name 3am Labs, Inc. We changed our name to LogMeIn, Inc. in March 2006. Our principal executive offices are located at 320 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Our website address is www.LogMeInInc.com. We have included our website address in this report solely as an inactive textual reference.

We introduced our first cloud-based connectivity offering in 2004, which allowed users to securely connect to remote computer resources, including files, applications and the remote device itself. Used primarily by mobile professionals to work remotely and by IT service providers to remotely manage computers and servers, this remote access solution was designed to give users the flexibility to work and interact with their computer resources from any other Internet-connected computer. We have since used this scalable technology to expand the types of devices and data that can be accessed remotely, while introducing a variety of cloud-based offerings or applications designed to address the needs of today’s unified communications and collaboration, identity and access management, customer engagement and support markets.

In January 2017, we completed our acquisition of the GoTo family of service offerings, or the GoTo Business, from a wholly–owned subsidiary of Citrix Systems, Inc., or Citrix, via a Reverse Morris Trust transaction, which we refer to herein as the Merger. In April 2018, we completed our acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc., or Jive, a provider of cloud-based phone systems and unified communications services.

We derive our revenue principally from subscription fees from our customers, who range from individual consumers to small and medium businesses, or SMBs, and to multi-national enterprises. Our revenue is driven primarily by the number and type of our premium services to which our paying customers subscribe. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we generated revenues of $336 million, $990 million and $1.2 billion, respectively.

Our cloud-based connectivity services allow our users to work remotely, secure online or cloud-based services, support and manage remote computers and other Internet-enabled devices and collaborate with other users. We believe our services benefit users in the following ways:

We believe that the following strengths differentiate us from our competitors and are key to our success:

Our objective is to extend our position as a leading provider of essential cloud-based connectivity services. To accomplish this, we intend to:

Our cloud-based services can be categorized into three business lines based on customer needs and respective use cases:

Unified Communications and Collaboration. Our unified communications and collaboration services that create simpler, more intelligent ways for people to meet, connect, market, sell and train to deepen relationships and drive better outcomes. These individual services are as follows:

Customer Engagement and Support. Our customer engagement and support services empower companies to deliver smarter, more personalized customer engagement and support:

Identity and Access Management. Our identity and access management services provide individuals, line-of-business teams, security professionals, as well as internal and external IT professionals with simple and secure remote access tools needed to manage and secure passwords, internet applications, remote computers and other Internet-enabled devices, as well as to automate common IT tasks.

Our sales and marketing efforts are designed to attract prospective customers to our website, drive use of our free services or enroll them in free trials of our services and convert them to, and retain them as, paying customers. We expend sales and marketing resources through a combination of paid and unpaid sources. We also invest in public relations to broaden the general awareness of our services and to highlight the quality and reliability of our services for specific audiences. We are constantly seeking and employing new methods to reach more users and to convert them to paid subscribers. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we spent $162.8 million, $347.0 million and $383.0 million, respectively, on sales and marketing.

New Account Sales. Our sales are often preceded by a trial of one of our services and over 90% of our sales transactions are settled via credit card. Our sales operations team manages the processes, systems and procedures that determine whether or not a trial should be managed by a telephone-based sales representative or handled via our e-commerce sales process. In addition, a small sales and business development team concentrates on sales to larger organizations and the formulation of strategic technology partnerships that are intended to generate additional sales.

International Sales. We currently have sales teams located in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, India and Brazil focusing on international sales. In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we generated approximately 29%, 24% and 22%, respectively, of our revenue from customers outside of the United States. As of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, approximately 29%, 15% and 23% of our long-lived assets were located outside of the United States.

Online Advertising. We advertise online through pay-per-click spending with search engines, banner advertising with online advertising networks and other websites and email newsletters likely to be frequented by our target consumers, SMBs and IT professionals.

Tradeshows and Events. We showcase our services at technology and industry-specific tradeshows and events. Our participation in these shows ranges from elaborate presentations in front of large groups to one-on-one discussions and demonstrations at manned booths.

Offline Advertising. Our offline print advertising is comprised of publications targeted at IT professionals and consumers. We also sponsor advertorials in regional publications, which target IT consumers. Additionally, from time-to-time we have advertised using more traditional methods, such as outdoor advertising, in regional markets.

Radio Advertising. Our radio advertising includes 30-second “spots” as well as radio program sponsorships, and is primarily conducted on satellite and Internet radio networks, with some select advertising on traditional FM and AM radio stations. Show, channel and program selection is based on our key target audiences, most notably IT professionals and knowledge workers.

Word-of-Mouth Referrals. We believe that we have developed a loyal customer and user base, and new customers frequently claim to have heard about us from a current LogMeIn user. Many of our users arrive at our website via word-of-mouth referrals from existing users of our services.

Direct Advertising Into Our User Community. We have a large existing user community comprised of both free users and paying customers. Users of most of our services come to our website each time they log in to their account and we use this opportunity to promote additional premium services to them.

Social Media Marketing. We participate in online communities and social media channels such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram and YouTube for the purpose of marketing, public relations and customer service. Through these online collaboration sites, we actively engage our users, learn about their needs, and foster word-of-mouth by creating and responding to content about LogMeIn events, promotions, product news and user questions.

Web-Based Seminars. We offer free online seminars to current and prospective customers designed to educate them about the benefits of online collaboration, remote access, support and administration, particularly with LogMeIn, and guide them in the use of our services. We often highlight customer success stories and focus the seminar on common business problems and key market and IT trends.

Public Relations. We engage in targeted public relations programs, including issuing press releases announcing important company events and product releases, participating in interviews with reporters and analysts, both general and industry specific, and by attending panel and group discussions and speeches at industry events. We also register our services in awards competitions and encourage bloggers to comment on our products.

LogMeIn Service Delivery Platform. We introduced our first cloud-based connectivity offering in 2004 which was built on our proprietary “Gravity” connectivity platform. This technology enabled users to securely connect to remote computer resources, thus affording them the flexibility to work and interact with their remote devices from virtually any other Internet-connected computer.

Today, we have leveraged our proprietary technology and years of connectivity experience to develop modern cloud-based hosting platforms which are capable of delivering a variety of service offerings designed to meet the needs of today’s unified communications and collaboration, identity and access management and customer engagement and support markets. Our services are hosted both in the cloud and in geographically diverse third party co-location facilities located in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, India and Australia. Our cloud connectivity platforms are designed to reduce the bandwidth and other infrastructure requirements needed to establish secure connections over the Internet between remote computers and other Internet-enabled devices and manage the direct transmission of data between remotely connected devices, thereby making our services faster and less expensive to deliver than other competing services.

Research and Development. We have made and intend to continue making significant investments in research and development in order to continue to improve the efficiency of our service delivery platform, improve our existing services and bring new services to market. Our primary engineering organizations are in Hungary, Germany, India, Canada and the United States. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 33% of our employees worked in research and development.

Intellectual Property. We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, trademark, patent and other intellectual property rights in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality policies and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology, processes and other intellectual property. As of December 31, 2018, our patent portfolio consisted of over 170 issued patents with approximately 30 patent applications pending.

We enter into confidentiality and other written agreements with our employees, customers, consultants and partners, and through these and other written agreements, we attempt to control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary technology and other information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, third parties may, in an unauthorized manner, attempt to use, copy or otherwise obtain and market or distribute our intellectual property rights or technology or otherwise develop products or services with the same functionality as our services. In addition, U.S. patent filings are intended to provide the holder with a right to exclude others from making, using, selling or importing in the United States the inventions covered by the claims of granted patents. If granted, our patents may be contested, circumvented or invalidated. Moreover, the rights that may be granted in those pending patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing these patents. Therefore, the exact effect of our pending patents, if issued, and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property cannot be predicted with certainty.

Although the protection afforded by copyright, trade secret and trademark law, written agreements and common law may provide some advantages, we believe that the following factors help us maintain a competitive advantage:

“LogMeIn” is a registered trademark in the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and the European Union. We also hold a number of other trademarks and service marks identifying certain of our services and features of our services. We also have a number of trademark applications pending.

The markets in which we compete are constantly evolving and we expect to face additional competition in the future. We believe that the key competitive factors in these markets include:

We believe that our large user base, efficient customer acquisition model and low service delivery costs enable us to compete effectively against services offered by some of our largest competitors, which include Adobe Connect, Amazon, Cisco Systems’ WebEx division, Google and Microsoft Skype. Our audio services also compete with solutions from 8x8, AT&T, BT, Intercall, PGi, RingCentral, Verizon and Vonage. Certain of our services also compete with current or potential services offered by companies like AgileBits, Apple, BlueJeans Networks, Dashlane, GFI, IBM, KeePass, LivePerson, OKTA, Oracle, Splashtop, TeamViewer and Zoom Video Communications.

Many of our actual and potential competitors enjoy greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more varied products and services and larger marketing budgets, as well as substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, than we do. In addition, we may also face future competition from new market entrants. However, we believe that our large user base, efficient customer acquisition model and relatively low costs of service delivery position us well to compete effectively now and in the future.

Copies of the periodic reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, such as our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any other filings may be obtained by the public, free of charge, by visiting the Investors section of our website at https://investor.logmeininc.com/sec.cfm, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been filed with the SEC, or by contacting our Investor Relations department at our office address listed above. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

As of December 31, 2018, we had 3,515 full-time employees. None of our employees are represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

We have determined that we have one operating segment. For more information about our segments, see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our business is subject to numerous risks. We caution you that the following important factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf in filings with the SEC, press releases, communications with investors and oral statements. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any other public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in the discussion below will be important in determining future results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may differ materially from those anticipated in forward looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosure we make in our reports filed with the SEC.

Our operating results may fluctuate in the future. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Our operating results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If our operating results or guidance fall below the expectations of research analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Fluctuations in our operating results or guidance may be due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, those listed below:

We believe that our revenue and operating results may continue to vary in the future and that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful.

If our services or computer systems are breached, our customers may be harmed, our reputation may be damaged and we may be exposed to significant liabilities.

Our services and computer systems store and transmit confidential data of our customers and their customers, which may include credit card information, account and device information, passwords and other critical data.

Any breach of the cybersecurity measures we have taken to safeguard this information may subject us to fines and penalties, time consuming and expensive litigation, trigger indemnification obligations and other contractual liabilities, damage our reputation and harm our customers and our business.

Cyberattacks from computer hackers and cyber criminals and other malicious Internet-based activity continue to increase generally, and our services and systems, including the systems of our outsourced service providers, have been and may in the future continue to be the target of various forms of cyberattacks such as DNS attacks, wireless network attacks, viruses and worms, malicious software, application centric attacks, peer-to-peer attacks, phishing attempts, backdoor trojans and distributed denial of service attacks. The techniques used by computer hackers and cyber criminals to obtain unauthorized access to data or to sabotage computer systems change frequently and generally are not detected until after an incident has occurred. While we make significant efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our services and computer systems, our cybersecurity measures and the cybersecurity measures taken by our third-party data center facilities may be unable to anticipate, detect or prevent all attempts to compromise our systems. If our cybersecurity measures are compromised as a result of third-party action, employee or customer error, malfeasance, stolen or fraudulently obtained log-in credentials or otherwise, our reputation could be damaged, our business may be harmed and we could incur significant liabilities.

Many states have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of security breaches involving their personal data. These mandatory disclosures regarding a security breach may be costly to comply with and may lead to widespread negative publicity, which may cause our customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures. Additionally, some of our customer contracts require us to notify customers in the event of a security breach and/or indemnify customers from damages they may incur as a result of a breach of our services and computer systems. There can be no assurance that the limitations of liability provisions in our contracts for a security breach would be enforceable or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims related to a breach of our services or computer systems. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed our available insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our business strategy includes acquiring or investing in other companies, which may ultimately fail to meet our expectations, divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and disrupt our business and operating results.

Our business strategy continues to contemplate us making strategic acquisitions of, or strategic investments in, complementary businesses, services, technologies and intellectual property rights. Acquisitions of high-technology companies are inherently risky and negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming and expensive and our ability to close these transactions may often be subject to conditions or approvals that are beyond our control. Consequently, these transactions, even if undertaken and announced, may not close. In connection with an acquisition, investment or strategic transaction we may do one or more of the following, which may harm our business and adversely affect our operating results:

Following an acquisition, the integration of an acquired company may cost more than we anticipate, and we may be subject to unforeseen liabilities arising from an acquired company’s past or present operations. These liabilities may be greater than the warranty and indemnity limitations we negotiate. Any unforeseen liability that is greater than these warranty and indemnity limitations could have a negative impact on our financial condition. Some of the additional risks associated with integrating acquired companies may include, but are not limited to:

If we fail to successfully integrate and manage the companies and technologies we acquire, or if an acquisition does not further our business strategy as expected, our operating results will be adversely affected. Even if successfully integrated, there can be no assurance that any of our acquisitions or future acquisitions will be successful in helping us achieve our financial and strategic goals.

On January 31, 2017, we completed our acquisition of the GoTo family of service offerings, or the GoTo Business, from a wholly–owned subsidiary of Citrix Systems, Inc., or Citrix, via a Reverse Morris Trust transaction, which we refer to herein as the Merger.

In connection with the Merger, there is a significant degree of difficulty inherent in the process of integrating the GoTo Business with our company. These difficulties include:

The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities in one or more of our businesses. Members of our senior management may be required to devote considerable amounts of time to this integration process, which will decrease the time they will have to manage the business of our company, serve the existing businesses, or develop new products or strategies. If our senior management is not able to effectively manage the integration process, or if any significant business activities are interrupted as a result of the integration process, our business could suffer.

Our successful or cost-effective integration of the GoTo Business cannot be assured. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations after the Merger.

On February 11, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan, including a reduction in force which will result in the termination of approximately 4% of our workforce and the consolidation of certain leased facilities. By restructuring, we intend to streamline our organization and reallocate our resources to better align with our current growth acceleration goals. We expect to substantially complete the restructuring by the end of fiscal year 2019. These restructuring activities may yield unintended consequences and costs, such as attrition beyond our intended reduction in force, the distraction of our employees and the risk that we may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the reduction in force, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Depending upon the facts and circumstances, we may be obligated to indemnify Citrix for certain taxes and certain tax-related losses.

In connection with the Merger, Citrix distributed shares of its GoTo subsidiary to Citrix stockholders on a pro rata basis, which we refer to as the Distribution. The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Distribution and Merger to Citrix and Citrix stockholders depend upon whether the contribution of specified assets and liabilities of the GoTo Business, which we refer to herein as the Contribution and the Distribution, taken together, qualify as a reorganization under Sections 368(a) and 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and the Merger qualifies as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, in each case based on the applicable facts and circumstances that existed on the date of the Distribution and the Merger. If each of the Distribution and Merger so qualify, then (i) Citrix stockholders will generally not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Distribution or the Merger, except for any gain or loss attributable to the receipt of cash in lieu of fractional shares of our common stock, and (ii) except for taxable income or gain possibly arising as a result of certain internal reorganization transactions undertaken prior to or in anticipation of the Distribution, Citrix will not recognize any gain or loss. Citrix received a tax opinion in connection with the Contribution and Distribution, which we refer to as the Distribution Tax Opinion, that provides in part that the Contribution and Distribution, taken together, qualify as a reorganization under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the Code. LogMeIn and Citrix have received opinions from our respective outside legal counsel that provide in part that the Merger qualifies as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code. These opinions are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, or the courts, and the IRS or the courts may not agree with the conclusions reached in these opinions. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not successfully assert that either or both of the Distribution and the Merger are taxable transactions, and that a court will not sustain such assertion, which could result in tax being incurred by Citrix stockholders and Citrix.

Even if the Contribution and Distribution, taken together, otherwise qualify as a reorganization under Sections 368(a) and 355 of the Code, the Distribution will nonetheless be taxable to Citrix (but not to Citrix stockholders) pursuant to Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more of the stock of either Citrix or LogMeIn is acquired, directly or indirectly (taking into account our stock acquired by Citrix stockholders in the Merger), as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the Distribution. In that regard, because Citrix stockholders owned more than 50% of our stock immediately following the Merger, the Merger standing alone will not cause the Distribution to be taxable under Section 355(e) of the Code, and the Distribution Tax Opinion so provided. However, if the IRS were to determine that other acquisitions of Citrix stock or our stock are part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the Distribution, such determination could result in the recognition of a gain by Citrix (but not by Citrix stockholders) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the amount of taxes on such gain would likely be substantial.

Under the Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement that we entered into with Citrix in connection with the Merger, which we refer to as the Tax Matters Agreement, which provides for, among other things, the allocation between Citrix, on the one hand, and LogMeIn, on the other hand, of certain tax assets and liabilities, LogMeIn may be obligated, in certain cases, to indemnify Citrix against taxes and certain tax-related losses on the Distribution that arise as a result of LogMeIn’s actions, or failure to act. Any such indemnification obligation would be substantial and would likely have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, even if we are not responsible for tax liabilities of Citrix under the Tax Matters Agreement, LogMeIn nonetheless could be liable under applicable law for such liabilities if Citrix were to pay such taxes.

Under the Tax Matters Agreement, we are restricted from taking certain actions that may adversely affect the intended U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Contribution, the Distribution, the Merger and certain related transactions consummated in connection with Citrix’s internal reorganization, and such restrictions may significantly impair our ability to implement strategic initiatives that otherwise would be beneficial.

The Tax Matters Agreement generally restricts us from taking certain actions after the Merger that may adversely affect the intended U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Merger and certain related transactions consummated in connection with Citrix’s internal reorganization. Failure to adhere to these restrictions, including in certain circumstances that may be outside of our control, could result in tax being imposed on Citrix for which we could bear responsibility and for which we could be obligated to indemnify Citrix. In addition, even if we are not responsible for tax liabilities of Citrix under the Tax Matters Agreement, we nonetheless could be liable under applicable tax law for such liabilities if Citrix were to fail to pay such taxes. Because of these provisions in the Tax Matters Agreement, we are restricted from taking certain actions, particularly for the two years following the Merger, including (among other things) the ability to freely issue stock, to make acquisitions and to raise additional equity capital. These restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition, and otherwise could impair our ability to implement strategic initiatives. Also, our indemnity obligation to Citrix might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our stockholders may consider favorable.

A significant portion of our historical revenues have come from the sale of remote access and remote support products and a decline in sales for these products could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

A significant portion of our annual revenues have historically come from, and we anticipate will continue in the foreseeable future to come from, the sale of remote access and remote support services. Any decline or variability in sales of our remote access and remote support products could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Declines and variability in sales of these products could potentially occur as a result of:

If sales of our remote access and remote support products decline as a result of these or other factors, our revenue would decrease and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Assertions by a third party that our services and solutions infringe its intellectual property, whether or not correct, could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses.

There is frequent litigation in the software and technology industries based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have been, and may in the future be, subject to third party patent infringement or other intellectual property-related lawsuits as we face increasing competition and become increasingly visible. Regardless of the merit of these claims, they can be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel or require us to develop a non-infringing technology or enter into license agreements. There can be no assurance that such licenses will be available on acceptable terms and conditions, if at all, and although we have previously licensed proprietary technology, we cannot be certain that the owners’ rights in such technology will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. For these reasons and because of the potential for court awards that are difficult to predict, it is not unusual to find even arguably unmeritorious claims settled for significant amounts. In addition, many of our service agreements require us to indemnify our customers from certain third-party intellectual property infringement claims, which could increase our costs as a result of defending such claims and may require that we pay damages if there were an adverse ruling related to any such claims. These types of claims could harm our relationship with our customers, deter future customers from subscribing to our services or expose us to further litigation. These costs, monetary or otherwise, associated with defending against third party allegations of infringement could have negative effects on our business, financial condition and operating results.

If our services are used to commit fraud or other similar intentional or illegal acts, we may incur significant liabilities, our services may be perceived as not secure, and customers may curtail or stop using our services.

Certain services offered by us enable users to remotely access third-party computer systems. We do not control the use or content of information accessed by our customers through our services. If our services are used to commit fraud or other bad or illegal acts, including, but not limited to, posting, distributing or transmitting any computer files that contain a virus or other harmful component, interfering or disrupting third-party networks, infringing any third party’s copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret or other proprietary rights or rights of publicity or privacy, transmitting any unlawful, harassing, libelous, abusive, threatening, vulgar or otherwise objectionable material, or accessing unauthorized third-party data, we may become subject to claims for defamation, negligence or intellectual property infringement and subject to other potential liabilities. As a result, defending such claims could be expensive and time-consuming, and we could incur significant liability to our customers and to individuals or businesses who were the targets of such acts. As a result, our business may suffer and our reputation may be damaged.

If we are unable to attract new customers to our services on a cost-effective basis, our revenue and results of operations will be adversely affected.

We must continue to attract a large number of customers on a cost-effective basis. We rely on a variety of marketing methods to attract new customers to our services, such as paying providers of online services and search engines for advertising space and priority placement of our website in response to Internet searches. Our ability to attract new customers also depends on the competitiveness of the pricing of our services. If our current marketing initiatives are not successful or become unavailable, if the cost of such initiatives were to significantly increase, or if our competitors offer similar services at lower prices, we may not be able to attract new customers on a cost-effective basis and, as a result, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.

If we are unable to retain our existing customers, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.

The services offered by us are often sold pursuant to agreements that are one year in duration. Customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions after their subscription period expires, and these subscriptions may not be renewed on the same or on more profitable terms. As a result, our ability to grow depends in part on subscription renewals. We may not be able to accurately predict future trends in customer renewals, and our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate because of several factors, including their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with our services, the prices of our services, the prices of services offered by our competitors or reductions in our customers’ spending levels. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our services, renew on less favorable terms, or do not purchase additional functionality or subscriptions, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline, and our profitability and gross margins may be harmed.

If we fail to convert free users to paying customers, our revenue and financial results will be harmed.

A significant portion of our user base utilizes our services free of charge through our free services or free trials of our premium services. We seek to convert these free and trial users to paying customers of our premium services. If our rate of conversion suffers for any reason, our revenue may decline and our business may suffer.

If our efforts to build a strong brand identity are not successful, we may not be able to attract or retain subscribers and our operating results may be adversely affected.

We believe that building and maintaining a strong brand identity plays an important role in attracting and retaining subscribers to our services, who may have other options from which to obtain their cloud-based connectivity services. In order to build a strong brand, we believe that we must continue to offer innovative service offerings that our subscribers value and enjoy using, and also market and promote those service offerings through effective marketing campaigns, promotions and communications with our user base. From time to time, subscribers may express dissatisfaction with our services or react negatively to our strategic business decisions, such as changes that we make in pricing, features or service offerings, including the discontinuance of our free services. To the extent that user dissatisfaction with our services or strategic business decisions is widespread or not adequately addressed, our overall brand identity may suffer and, as a result, our ability to attract and retain subscribers may be adversely affected, which could adversely affect our operating results.

The markets in which we participate are competitive, with low barriers to entry, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results may be harmed.

The markets for cloud-based connectivity solutions are competitive and rapidly changing, with relatively low barriers to entry. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. In addition, pricing pressures and increased competition generally could result in reduced sales, reduced margins or the failure of our services to achieve or maintain widespread market acceptance. Often, we compete against existing services that our potential customers have already made significant expenditures to acquire and implement.

Certain of our competitors offer, or may in the future offer, lower priced, or free, products or services that compete with our services. This competition may result in reduced prices and a substantial loss of customers for our services or a reduction in our revenue.

Many of our services directly compete with large, established competitors such as WebEx (a division of Cisco Systems), and certain of our services also compete with current or potential services offered by companies like Adobe, AgileBits, Amazon, Apple, BlueJeans Networks, Dashlane, GFI, Google, IBM, KeePass, LivePerson, Microsoft, OKTA, Oracle, Splashtop, TeamViewer and Zoom Video Communications. Our audio and unified communications and collaboration services also compete with solutions from 8x8, AT&T, BT, InterCall, PGi, RingCentral, Verizon and Vonage. Many of our actual and potential competitors enjoy competitive advantages over us, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more varied services and larger marketing budgets, as well as substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. In addition, many of our competitors have established marketing relationships, access to larger customer bases and have major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators and resellers.

If we are unable to compete effectively for any of these reasons, our operating results will be harmed.

We may not be able to capitalize on potential emerging market opportunities and new services that we introduce may not generate the revenue and earnings we anticipated, which may adversely affect our business.

Our business strategy involves identifying emerging market opportunities which we can capitalize on by successfully developing and introducing new services designed to address those market opportunities. We have made and expect to continue to make significant investments in research and development in an effort to capitalize on potential emerging market opportunities that we have identified. Emerging markets and opportunities often take time to fully develop, and they attract a significant number of competitors. If the emerging markets we have targeted ultimately fail to materialize as we or others have anticipated or if potential customers choose to adopt solutions offered by our competitors rather than our own solutions, we may not be able to generate the revenue and earnings we anticipated, and our business and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Some of our competitors have made or may make acquisitions or may enter into partnerships or other strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensive service than they individually had offered. In addition, new entrants not currently considered to be competitors may enter the market through acquisitions, partnerships or strategic relationships. We expect these trends to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions. Many of the companies driving this trend have significantly greater financial, technical and other resources than we do and may be better positioned to acquire and offer complementary services and technologies.

The companies resulting from such combinations may create more compelling service offerings and may offer greater pricing flexibility than we can or may engage in business practices that make it more difficult for us to compete effectively, including on the basis of price, sales and marketing programs, technology or service functionality. These pressures could result in a substantial loss of customers or a reduction in our revenues.

We may not be able to respond to rapid technological changes in time to address the needs of our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

The cloud-based connectivity services markets in which we compete are characterized by rapid technological change, the frequent introduction of new services and evolving industry standards. Our ability to remain competitive will depend in large part on our ability to continue to enhance our existing services and develop new service offerings that keep pace with these markets’ rapid technological developments. Additionally, to achieve market acceptance for our services, we must effectively anticipate and offer services that meet changing customer demands in a timely manner.

Customers may require features and capabilities that our current services do not have. If we fail to develop services that satisfy customer requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner, our ability to renew services with existing customers and our ability to create or increase demand for our services will be harmed, and our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.

We use a limited number of data centers to deliver our services. Any disruption of service at these facilities could harm our business.

The majority of our services are hosted from third-party data center facilities located throughout the world. We do not control the operation of these facilities. The owners of our data center facilities have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, we may be required to transfer to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so.

Any changes in third-party service levels at our data centers or any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our services could harm our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses. Interruptions in our services might reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits to customers, subject us to potential liability, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions or harm our renewal rates.

Our data centers are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, intentional bad acts, pandemics, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, war, terrorist attacks, power losses, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures and similar events. At least one of our data center facilities is located in an area known for seismic activity, increasing our susceptibility to the risk that an earthquake could significantly harm the operations of these facilities. The occurrence of a natural disaster, an act of terrorism, vandalism or other misconduct, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our services.

Failure to comply with credit card processing standards may cause us to lose the ability to offer our customers a credit card payment option, which would increase our costs of processing customer orders and make our services less attractive to customers, the majority of which purchase our services with a credit card.

Major credit card issuers have adopted credit card processing standards and have incorporated these standards into their contracts with us. If we fail to maintain compliance with applicable credit card processing and documentation standards adopted by the major credit card issuers, these issuers could terminate their agreements with us, and we could lose our ability to offer our customers a credit card payment option. Most of our individual and small- and medium-sized business, or SMB, customers purchase our services online with a credit card, and our business depends substantially upon the ability to offer the credit card payment option. Any loss of our ability to offer our customers a credit card payment option would make our services less attractive and hurt our business. Our administrative costs related to customer payment processing would also increase significantly if we were not able to accept credit card payments for our services.

Evolving regulations and legal obligations related to data privacy, data protection and information security and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations, could have an adverse effect on our business.

Our handling of the data we collect from our customers, as further described in our privacy policy, and our processing of personally identifiable information and data of our customers’ customers through the services we provide, is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, which have been adopted by various federal, state and foreign governments to regulate the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals. Several foreign countries in which we conduct business, including the European Economic Area, or EEA, and Canada, currently have in place, or have recently proposed, laws or regulations concerning privacy, data protection and information security, which are more restrictive than those imposed in the United States. Some of these laws are in their early stages and we cannot yet determine the impact these revised laws and regulations, if implemented, may have on our business. However, any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with these privacy laws, regulations, policies or obligations or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data in our possession, could result in government enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties and/or adverse publicity, all of which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.

For example, the EEA-wide General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became applicable on May 25, 2018, replacing the data protection laws of each EEA member state. The GDPR implemented more stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data, including, for example, expanded disclosures about how personal information is to be used, limitations on retention of information, increased requirements to erase an individual’s information upon request, mandatory data breach notification requirements and higher standards for data controllers to demonstrate that they have obtained valid consent for certain data processing activities. It also significantly increases penalties for non-compliance, including where we act as a service provider (e.g. data processor). If our privacy or data security measures fail to comply with applicable current or future laws and regulations, we may be subject to litigation, regulatory investigations, enforcement notices requiring us to change the way we use personal data or our marketing practices, fines, for example, of up to 20 million Euros or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year (whichever is higher) under the GDPR, or other liabilities, as well as negative publicity and a potential loss of business.

We are also subject to evolving EEA laws on data export, as we may transfer personal data from the EEA to other jurisdictions. We currently rely upon the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework and Swiss Privacy Shield as a means for legitimizing the transfer of personally identifiable information from the EEA to the United States. However, there is currently litigation against this framework as well as litigation challenging other EU mechanisms for adequate data transfers (e.g. the standard contractual clauses), and it is uncertain whether the Privacy Shield framework and/or the standard contractual clauses will be similarly invalidated by the European courts. We rely on a mixture of mechanisms to transfer data to from the EEA to the U.S., and we could be impacted by changes in law as a result of the current challenges to these mechanisms in the European courts which may lead to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.

Data protection regulation remains an area of increased focus in all jurisdictions and data protection regulations continue to evolve. There is no assurance that we will be able to meet new requirements that may be imposed on the transfer of personally identifiable information from the EU to the United States without incurring substantial expense or at all. European and/or multi-national customers may be reluctant to purchase or continue to use our services due to concerns regarding their data protection obligations. In addition, we may be subject to claims, legal proceedings or other actions by individuals or governmental authorities if they have reason to believe that our data privacy or security measures fail to comply with current or future laws and regulations.

Certain of our services are subject to regulation in the United States and various foreign countries, and future legislative, regulatory or judicial actions could adversely affect our business and expose us to liability.

In the United States, certain of our services are subject to various requirements and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, and state public utility commissions, including, but not limited to, regulations related to privacy, disabilities access, telephone number porting, rural call completion, contributions to federal and state Universal Service Funds, or USFs, regulatory fee payments, emergency call services, obligations under the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, or CALEA, and other requirements. FCC or state actions, including decisions extending additional regulations and/or classifying other LogMeIn services as regulated services, could result in our incurring additional regulatory obligations that could require us to change the way we conduct our business, increase our operating expenses, or otherwise harm our results of operations. If we fail to comply with applicable rules and regulations, including any future rules and regulations that may be adopted, we could be subject to enforcement actions, fines, loss of licenses, and other restrictions on our ability to operate or offer certain of our services. Any enforcement actions, which may be public, could also hurt our reputation, impair our ability to sell certain services to customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Additionally, as we continue to expand our operations internationally, these services may also be subject to similar country-specific laws and regulations. We may be required to incur additional expenses to meet applicable international regulatory requirements, to obtain special licensing or registrations, or we may be altogether prohibited from providing certain services in certain foreign countries.

We are required to comply with certain financial and operating covenants under our credit facility; any failure to comply with those covenants could cause amounts borrowed to become immediately due and payable or prevent us from borrowing under the facility.

We have a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks pursuant to which we have a $400 million secured revolving credit facility which is available to us through February 1, 2022, at which time any amounts outstanding will be due and payable in full. On April 2, 2018, we borrowed $200 million under the credit facility to partially fund our acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc., which amount remained outstanding as of December 31, 2018. We may wish to borrow amounts under the facility in the future for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the potential acquisition of complementary products or businesses, and share repurchases, as well as for working capital.

Under our credit agreement, we are, or will be, required to comply with certain financial and operating covenants which will limit our ability to operate our business as we otherwise might operate it. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants or to meet any payment obligations under the credit facility could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, would result in any amounts outstanding, including any accrued interest and unpaid fees, becoming immediately due and payable. We might not have sufficient working capital or liquidity to satisfy any repayment obligations in the event of an acceleration of those obligations. In addition, if we are not in compliance with the financial and operating covenants at the time we wish to borrow additional funds, we will be unable to borrow such funds.

The loss of key employees or an inability to attract and retain additional personnel may impair our ability to grow our business.

We are highly dependent upon the continued service and performance of our executive management team as well as other key technical and sales employees. These key employees are not party to an employment agreement with us, and they may terminate their employment at any time with no advance notice. The replacement of these key employees likely would involve significant time and costs, and the loss of these key employees may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

We face intense competition for qualified individuals from numerous technology, software and manufacturing companies. For example, our competitors may be able to attract and retain a more qualified engineering team by offering more competitive compensation packages. If we are unable to attract new engineers and retain our current engineers, we may not be able to develop and maintain our services at the same levels as our competitors and we may, therefore, lose potential customers and sales penetration in certain markets. In addition, in February 2019, we announced a reduction in work force which will result in the termination of approximately 4% of our workforce and the consolidation of certain leased facilities. This restructuring could make it more difficult to attract, retain and hire new talent. Our failure to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan and, as a result, our ability to compete would decrease, our operating results would suffer and our revenues would decrease.

Our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales of our services to customers located outside of the United States, and thus our business is susceptible to risks associated with international sales and operations.

We currently maintain offices and have sales personnel outside of the United States and are expanding our international operations. Our international expansion efforts may not be successful. In addition, conducting international operations subjects us to new risks than we have generally faced in the United States. These risks include:

Operating in international markets also requires significant management attention and financial resources. The investment and additional resources required to establish operations and manage growth in other countries may not produce desired levels of revenue or profitability.

Failure to effectively and efficiently service SMBs would adversely affect our ability to increase our revenue.

We market and sell a significant amount of our services to SMBs. SMBs are challenging to reach, acquire and retain in a cost-effective manner. To grow our revenue, we must add new customers, sell additional services to existing customers and encourage existing customers to renew their subscriptions. Selling to and retaining SMBs is more difficult than selling to and retaining large enterprise customers because SMB customers generally:

In addition, SMBs frequently have limited budgets and may choose to spend funds on items other than our services. Moreover, SMBs are more likely to be significantly affected by economic downturns than larger, more established companies, and if these organizations experience economic hardship, they may be unwilling or unable to expend resources on IT.

If we are unable to market and sell our services to SMBs with competitive pricing and in a cost-effective manner, our ability to grow our revenue and maintain profitability will be harmed.

If we fail to meet the minimum service level commitments offered to some of our customers, we could be obligated to issue credits for future services or pay penalties to customers, which could significantly harm our revenue.

Some of our current customer agreements provide minimum service level commitments addressing uptime, functionality or performance. If we are unable to meet the stated service level commitments for these customers or our services suffer extended periods of unavailability, we are or may be contractually obligated to provide these customers with credits for future services or pay other penalties. Our revenue could be significantly impacted if we are unable to meet our service level commitments and are required to provide a significant amount of our services at no cost or pay other penalties. We do not currently have any reserves on our balance sheet for these commitments.

Our sales cycles for enterprise customers can be long, unpredictable and require considerable time and expense, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate.

The timing of our revenue from sales to enterprise customers is difficult to predict. These efforts require us to educate our customers about the use and benefit of our services, including the technical capabilities and potential cost savings to an organization. Enterprise customers typically undertake a significant evaluation process that has in the past, resulted in lengthy sales cycles, typically several months. We spend substantial time, effort and money on our enterprise sales efforts without any assurance that these efforts will produce any sales. In addition, service subscriptions are frequently subject to budget constraints and unplanned administrative, processing and other delays. If sales expected from a specific customer for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter or at all, our results could fall short of public expectations and our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Adverse economic conditions or reduced IT spending may adversely impact our revenues and profitability.

Our business depends on the overall demand for IT and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. The use of our service is often discretionary and may involve a commitment of capital and other resources. Weak economic conditions in the United States, European Union and other key international economies may affect the rate of IT spending and could adversely impact our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase our services, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscription contracts, or affect renewal rates, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, service mark, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights, all of which provide only limited protection. In addition, we have patented certain technologies used to provide our services and have additional patents pending. We cannot assure you that any patents will issue from our currently pending patent applications in a manner that gives us the protection sought, if at all, or that any future patents issued will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Any patents that may issue in the future from pending or future patent applications may not provide sufficiently broad protection or they may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. Also, we cannot assure you that any future service mark or trademark registrations will be issued for pending or future applications or that any registered service marks or trademarks will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our proprietary rights.

We endeavor to enter into agreements with our employees and contractors and agreements with parties with whom we do business to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. The steps we have taken, however, may not prevent unauthorized use or the reverse engineering of our technology. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive to ours or infringe our intellectual property. Enforcement of our intellectual property rights also depends on our successful legal actions against these infringers, but these actions may not be successful, even when our rights have been infringed.

Furthermore, effective patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our services are available. In addition, the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights in Internet-related industries are uncertain and still evolving.

Our use of “open source” software could negatively affect our ability to sell our services and subject us to possible litigation.

A portion of the technologies we license incorporate so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate additional open source software in the future. Open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses. If we fail to comply with these licenses, we may be subject to certain conditions, including requirements that we offer our services that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software and/or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our services that contained the open source software and required to comply with the foregoing conditions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our services.

We rely on third-party software, including server software and licenses from third parties to use patented intellectual property that is required for the development of our services, which may be difficult to obtain or which could cause errors or failures of our services.

We rely on software licensed from third parties to offer our services, includingpatented third-party technology. In addition, we may need to obtain future licenses from third parties to use intellectual property associated with the development of our services, which might not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any software required for the development and maintenance of our services could result in delays in the provision of our services until equivalent technology is either developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated, which could harm our business. Any errors or defects in third-party software could result in errors or a failure of our services which could harm our business.

Material defects or errors in the software that we use to deliver our services could harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell our services.

The software applications underlying our services are inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. We have from time to time found defects in our services, and new errors in our existing services may be detected in the future. Any defects that cause interruptions to the availability of our services could result in:

After the release of our services, defects or errors may also be identified from time to time by our internal team and by our customers. The costs incurred in correcting any material defects or errors in our services may be substantial and could harm our operating results.

Government regulation of the Internet, telecommunications and other communications technologies could harm our business and operating results.

As Internet commerce and telecommunications continue to evolve, increasing regulation by federal, state or foreign governments and agencies becomes more likely. Any increase in regulation could affect our customers’ ability to use and share data, potentially reducing demand for our products and services. In addition, taxation of products and services provided over the Internet or other charges imposed by government agencies or by private organizations for accessing the Internet or utilizing telecommunications services may also be imposed. Any regulation imposing greater fees for Internet use or restricting the exchange of information over the Internet could diminish the viability of our services, which could harm our business and operating results.

Our software products contain encryption technologies, certain types of which are subject to U.S. and foreign export control regulations and, in some foreign countries, restrictions on importation and/or use. We have submitted encryption products for technical review under U.S. export regulations and have received the necessary approvals. Any failure on our part to comply with encryption or other applicable export control requirements could result in financial penalties or other sanctions under the U.S. export regulations, which could harm our business and operating results. Foreign regulatory restrictions could impair our access to technologies that we seek for improving our products and services and may also limit or reduce the demand for our products and services outside of the United States.

Given our levels of share-based compensation, our effective tax rate may vary significantly depending on our stock price.

The tax effects of the accounting for share-based awards may significantly impact our effective tax rate from period to period. In periods in which our stock price is higher than the grant price of the share-based awards vested or expired in that period, we will recognize excess tax benefits that will decrease our effective tax rate. For example, in 2017 and 2018, excess tax benefits recognized from share-based awards resulted in a benefit from income taxes of $16.0 million and $7.3 million, respectively. In future periods in which our stock price is lower than the grant price of the share-based awards vested or expired in that period, our effective tax rate may increase. The amount and value of share-based awards vested or expired relative to our earnings in a period will also affect the magnitude of the impact of share-based awards on our effective tax rate. These tax effects are dependent on our stock price, which we do not control, and a decline in our stock price could significantly increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial results.

Uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which we refer to herein as the “U.S. Tax Act,” was enacted on December 22, 2017 and has affected U.S. tax law by changing U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. corporations. We have reflected the expected impact of the Tax Act in our Consolidated Financial Statements using certain assumptions and estimates. However, the U.S. Tax Act is complex and additional interpretative guidance may be issued that could affect the assumptions and estimates we made. In addition, at this stage, it is unclear how a number of U.S. states will incorporate the changes made by the U.S. Tax Act into their tax codes. Changes in the assumptions and estimates we have made relating to the U.S. Tax Act, as well as actions we may take, could result in a write down of deferred tax assets or otherwise materially affect our tax obligations or effective tax rate, which could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The results of the United Kingdom’s referendum on withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

In June 2016, a majority of voters in the United Kingdom elected to withdraw from the European Union in a national referendum. The United Kingdom is in process of negotiating the terms of its exit, currently scheduled for March 29, 2019. However, initial withdrawal proposals have been rejected by the U.K. Parliament creating significant uncertainty about the terms and timing under which the United Kingdom will leave the European Union, including with respect to the laws and regulations that will apply as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate in the event of a withdrawal. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and reduce the price of our common stock.

Our operating results may be harmed if we are required to collect sales or other related taxes for our subscription services or pay regulatory fees in jurisdictions where we have not historically done so.

Primarily due to the nature of our services in certain states and countries, we do not believe we are required to collect sales or other related taxes from our customers in certain states or countries. However, one or more other states or countries may seek to impose sales, regulatory fees or other tax collection obligations on us, including for past sales by us or our resellers and other partners. A successful assertion that we should be collecting sales or other related taxes on our services or paying regulatory fees could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, discourage customers from purchasing our services or otherwise harm our business and operating results.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in accounting principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results for subsequent periods and prior periods, if retrospectively adopted. Additionally, the adoption of new standards may potentially require enhancements or changes in our systems and may require significant time and cost on behalf of our financial management. The prescribed periods of adoption of new standards and other pending changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, are further discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.”

Our failure to raise additional capital or generate the cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in our services could reduce our ability to compete successfully.

We may need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise additional equity financing, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests, and the per share value of our common stock could decline. If we engage in debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make distributions, incur additional indebtedness and force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among other things:

Our stock price may be volatile, and the market price of our common stock may drop in the future.

During the period from our initial public offering in July 2009 through February 17, 2019, our common stock has traded as high as $134.80 and as low as $15.15. An active, liquid and orderly market for our common stock may not be sustained, which could depress the trading price of our common stock. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:

In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or results of operations. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall and may expose us to class action lawsuits that, even if unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to management.

There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or repurchase stock.

On February 23, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a three-year capital return plan. Pursuant to this plan, we intend to return up to $700 million to our stockholders through a combination of share repurchases and dividends. As part of this capital return plan, we intend to pay a quarterly cash dividend, subject to quarterly declarations by our Board of Directors. Any future declarations, amount and timing of any dividends and/or the amount and timing of any stock repurchases are subject to capital availability and determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends and/or stock repurchases are in the best interest of our stockholders. Our ability to repurchase our shares and/or pay dividends to our stockholders is also subject to our maintaining compliance with our credit facility covenants. Our ability to pay dividends and/or repurchase stock will depend upon, among other factors, our cash balances and potential future capital requirements for strategic transactions, including acquisitions, debt service requirements, results of operations, financial condition and other factors beyond our control that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. A reduction in or elimination of our dividend payments, our dividend program and/or stock repurchases could have a negative effect on our stock price.

If securities or industry analysts who cover us, our business or our market publish a negative report or change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who cover us, or may cover us in the future, publish a negative report or change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline.

Certain stockholders could attempt to influence changes within the Company which could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and the value of our common stock.

Our stockholders may from time-to-time seek to acquire a controlling stake in our company, engage in proxy solicitations, advance stockholder proposals or otherwise attempt to effect changes. Campaigns by stockholders to effect changes at publicly-traded companies are sometimes led by investors seeking to increase short-term stockholder value through actions such as financial restructuring, increased debt, special dividends, stock repurchases or sales of assets or the entire company. Responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, and could disrupt our operations and divert the attention of our Board of Directors and senior management from the pursuit of our business strategies. These actions could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and the value of our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:

These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of our company or changes in our management.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prevents certain interested stockholders, including a person who beneficially owns 15% or more of our outstanding common stock, from engaging in certain business combinations with us within three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder unless certain approvals are obtained. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

As of December 31, 2018, our principal facilities consist of owned and leased office space to house our development, sales and marketing, customer support, and administrative personnel.

Our principle facilities include leased office space of 220,000 square feet in Boston, Massachusetts, our corporate headquarters, 104,000 square feet in Lindon, Utah, 58,000 square feet in Dublin, Ireland, and 49,000 square feet in Goleta, California, as well as an owned facility with 160,000 square feet in Goleta, California. We also utilize third-party co-location facilities from which we operate our data centers, which are located in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, India and Australia. We believe our facilities are sufficient to support our needs and that additional space will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms as needed.

On August 20, 2018, a securities class action lawsuit (the “Securities Class Action”) was initiated by purported stockholders of LogMeIn in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against us and certain of our officers, entitled Wasson v. LogMeIn, Inc. et al. (Case No. 2:18-cv-07285). On November 6, 2018 the case was transferred to the District of Massachusetts (Case No. 1:18-cv-12330). The lawsuit asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 based on alleged misstatements or omissions concerning renewal rates for our subscription contracts. We believe the lawsuit lacks merit and intend to defend it vigorously

On January 30, 2019, a derivative action was filed in the District of Massachusetts against LogMeIn’s Board of Directors, entitled Schlagel v. Wagner et al. (Case No. 1:19-cv-10204) alleging breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and violation of Sections 10(b) and 14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 related to the same allegations of the Securities Class Action. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, fees and costs. We intend to defend the lawsuit vigorously.

We are from time to time subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our common stock began trading under the symbol “LOGM” on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on July 1, 2009. Prior to that date, there was no established public trading market for our common stock.

As of February 19, 2019, there were 446 holders of record of shares of our common stock. This number does not include stockholders for whom shares are held in “nominee” or “street” name. While we are unable to estimate the actual number of beneficial holders of our common stock, we believe the number of beneficial holders is substantially higher than the number of holders of record of shares of our common stock.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

We did not sell any unregistered securities during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Information regarding our equity compensation plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is set forth herein under Part III, Item 12 below.

The following graph compares the cumulative total return to stockholders on our common stock for the period from December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2018 against the cumulative total return of the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Computer and Data Processing Index. The comparison assumes $100.00 was invested in our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Computer and Data Processing Index and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any. The stock performance on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

You should read the following selected financial data together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period. On January 31, 2017, our Merger with the GoTo Business added over 1,600 employees as of that date and revenue has increased to over $1 billion on an annualized basis. On April 3, 2018, our acquisition of Jive added approximately 700 employees and its fiscal 2017 revenue was approximately $80 million. Accordingly, the revenue and cost comparisons have all increased in 2018 compared to the years presented below.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016			2017			2018
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue	$	221,956		$	271,600		$	336,068		$	989,786		$	1,203,992
Cost of revenue⁽¹⁾		28,732			35,458			45,501			203,203			281,481
Gross profit		193,224			236,142			290,567			786,583			922,511
Operating expenses:
Research and development⁽¹⁾		33,516			42,597			57,193			156,731			169,409
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾		119,508			138,946			162,811			346,961			382,997
General and administrative⁽¹⁾		30,526			33,034			60,693			160,366			145,453
Gain on disposition of assets		—			—			—			—			(33,910	)
Legal settlements		—			3,600			—			—			—
Amortization of acquired intangibles		987			1,916			5,457			134,342			172,539
Total operating expenses		184,537			220,093			286,154			798,400			836,488
Income (loss) from operations		8,687			16,049			4,413			(11,817	)		86,023
Interest income		604			654			698			1,389			1,671
Interest expense		(2	)		(574	)		(1,403	)		(1,408	)		(6,342	)
Other income (expense), net		105			1,389			(500	)		(141	)		(556	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		9,394			17,518			3,208			(11,977	)		80,796
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(1,439	)		(2,960	)		(570	)		111,500			(6,425	)
Net income (loss)	$	7,955		$	14,558		$	2,638		$	99,523		$	74,371
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.33		$	0.59		$	0.10		$	1.97		$	1.44
Diluted	$	0.31		$	0.56		$	0.10		$	1.93		$	1.42
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		24,385			24,826			25,305			50,433			51,814
Diluted		25,386			25,780			26,164			51,463			52,496
Cash dividends declared and paid per share	$	—		$	—		$	1.00		$	1.25		$	1.20

	Years Ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Stock-based compensation	$	1,107	$	1,560	$	2,289	$	5,222	$	4,997
Intangible amortization		3,959		4,151		6,382		57,216		95,428
Research and development:
Stock-based compensation		3,653		5,188		6,201		22,103		18,869
Sales and marketing:
Stock-based compensation		9,033		11,090		16,181		16,155		15,995
General and administrative:
Stock-based compensation		10,976		8,661		13,679		23,812		25,873

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

We offer both free and fee-based, or premium, subscription software services. Sales of our premium services are generated through online search, word-of-mouth referrals, web-based advertising, off-line advertising, broadcast advertising, public relations, the conversion of free users and expiring free trials to paid subscriptions and direct marketing to new and existing customers. We derive our revenue principally from subscription fees from our customers, who range from individual consumers to small and medium businesses, or SMBs, to multi-national enterprises. Our revenue is driven primarily by the number and type of our premium services to which our paying customers subscribe.

In January 2017, we completed our Merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Citrix, pursuant to which we combined with Citrix’s GoTo family of service offerings known as the GoTo Business. Following the completion of the Merger, our revenue grew to over $1 billion on an annualized basis in fiscal 2017 and we added over 1,600 employees. In April 2018, we completed our acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc., or Jive, a provider of cloud-based phone systems and unified communications services. At the time of closing, Jive had approximately 700 employees and its fiscal year 2017 revenue was approximately $80 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized revenues of $1.2 billion and generated cash flows from operating activities of $404.0 million, and we ended the year with $148.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and $200.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we repurchased $248.9 million of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program, and paid cash dividends of $62.2 million to our stockholders. We recorded net income of $74.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2018, including amortization of acquired intangible assets of $245.2 million, acquisition-related transaction, transition and integration-related fees and expenses of $22.9 million, primarily related to the Merger and our acquisition of Jive and a gain on disposition of assets of $33.9 million related to the sale of our Xively business. On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, referred to herein as ASC 606. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have any impact on our revenue recognition, however, we are required to capitalize and amortize incremental costs of obtaining a contract such as sales commissions and related fringe costs over the period of benefit. The impact of ASC 606 on the year ending 2018 was $37.7 million less sales and marketing expense than would have been recognized under prior accounting guidance.

On February 23, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a three-year capital return plan to return up to $700 million to stockholders through a combination of share repurchases and dividends. Pursuant to this plan, during 2018, we repurchased shares and paid cash dividends totaling $311.1 million as follows:

While we currently intend to pay quarterly cash dividends during the remainder of 2019, our Board of Directors declare our dividends on a quarterly basis based upon our financial performance, business outlook and other considerations. On February 14, 2019, our Board of Directors announced a $0.325 per share cash dividend to be paid on March 12, 2019 to stockholders of record as of February 25, 2019.

We repurchase our shares from time-to-time in the open market, which may include the use of 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities and stock exchange rules. The timing and number of shares to be repurchased pursuant to this capital return plan will depend upon prevailing market conditions and other factors. Additionally, our credit facility contains certain financial and operating covenants that may restrict our ability to pay dividends in the future.

On April 3, 2018, we completed our acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc., or Jive, a provider of cloud-based phone systems and unified communications services, for $342.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired. Additionally, we expect to pay up to $15 million in cash contingent payments to certain employees of Jive upon their achievement of specified retention milestones over the two-year period following the closing, of which we have paid $0.7 million as of December 31, 2018. We funded the acquisition through a combination of cash on-hand and $200.0 million of borrowings under our credit facility. The operating results of Jive have been included in our results since the date of the acquisition.

On February 9, 2018, we, along with certain of our subsidiaries, entered into an agreement to sell our Xively business. On March 20, 2018, we completed the sale for consideration of $49.9 million, comprised of $42.4 million of cash received in the first quarter of 2018 and $7.5 million of receivables held back as an escrow by the buyer as an exclusive security in the event of our breach of any of the representations and warranties in the definitive agreement. The $7.5 million receivable, due in September 2019, was recorded at a net present value of $7.3 million, and is included in prepaids and other current assets on the December 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet.

The Xively disposition resulted in a gain of $33.9 million recorded in 2018, comprised of the present value of the $49.6 million received as consideration less net assets disposed of $13.3 million and transaction costs of $2.4 million. The net assets disposed are primarily comprised of $14.0 million of goodwill allocated to the Xively business. In fiscal year 2017, we recorded approximately $3 million of revenue and $13 million of operating expense directly related to the Xively business. The sale of the Xively business does not constitute a significant strategic shift that will have a material impact on our ongoing operations and financial results.

On February 11, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan, including a reduction in force which will result in the termination of approximately 4% of the Company’s workforce and the consolidation of certain leased facilities. By restructuring, the Company intends to streamline its organization and reallocate resources to better align with the Company’s current growth acceleration goals. The Company expects to incur pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $17 million and to substantially complete the restructuring by the end of fiscal year 2019. The pre-tax restructuring charges are comprised of approximately $10 million in one-time employee termination benefits and $7 million for facilities-related and other costs.

The following represents a summary of certain trends and uncertainties, which could have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. This summary is not intended to be a complete list of potential trends and uncertainties that could impact our business in the long or short term. The summary, however, should be considered along with the factors identified in the section titled “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this report.

We derive our revenue primarily from subscription fees for our premium services from enterprise customers, SMBs, IT service providers, mobile carriers, customer service centers, OEMs and consumers and to a lesser extent, from usage fees from our audio services. Our customers who subscribe to our services generally pay in advance and typically pay with a credit card for their subscription. We initially record a subscription fee as deferred revenue and then recognize it ratably, on a daily basis, over the life of the subscription period. Typically, a subscription automatically renews at the end of a subscription period unless the customer specifically terminates it prior to the end of the period.

We calculate our gross renewal rate on an annualized dollar basis across all product lines as of the end of each period. For the quarter ended December 31, 2018, our gross annualized renewal rate was approximately 80%. During the second half of 2018, we implemented a number of changes designed to improve the renewal rates in our unified communications and collaboration business and while we have been encouraged by the initial results from these changes, we will continue to monitor our renewal rates across all of our products. Additionally, as we continue to integrate the GoTo Business and the recently acquired Jive business, we will monitor and assess our renewal rate calculation and methodology to ensure that it is appropriate.

We have increased our number of full-time employees to 3,515 as of December 31, 2018 compared to 2,760 as of December 31, 2017, primarily as a result of our acquisition of Jive.

We allocate certain overhead expenses, such as rent and utilities, to expense categories primarily based on headcount allocation. As a result, an overhead allocation associated with these costs is reflected in the cost of revenue and each operating expense category.

Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs associated with our data center operations and customer support centers. Included in these costs are wages and benefits for personnel, telecommunications, hosting fees, hardware and software maintenance costs, outsourced customer support staffing costs, telecommunications product costs, and depreciation associated with our data centers. Additionally, amortization expense associated with the acquired software, technology and internally developed software to be sold as a service is included in cost of revenue. The expenses related to hosting our services and supporting our free and premium customers are dependent on the number of customers who subscribe to our services and the complexity and redundancy of our services and hosting infrastructure.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of wages and benefits for development personnel, retention-based bonus expense related to our acquisitions, facility expense, cloud computing services, consulting fees associated with outsourced development projects, travel-related costs for development personnel and depreciation of assets used in development. Our research and development efforts are focused on both improving ease of use and functionality of our existing services, as well as developing new offerings. More than half of our research and development employees are located internationally in our development centers in Hungary, Germany, Canada, Israel and India. Therefore, a large portion of research and development expense is subject to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. We capitalized costs of $1.6 million, $29.8 million, and $31.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, related to internally developed software to be sold as a service, which were incurred during the application development stage. The majority of research and development costs have been expensed as incurred. We expect that research and development expenses will remain relatively constant as a percentage of revenue.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of online search and advertising costs, wages, commissions and benefits for sales and marketing personnel, offline marketing costs such as media advertising and trade shows, consulting fees, credit card processing fees, facility expense and hardware and software maintenance costs. Online search and advertising costs consist primarily of pay-per-click payments to search engines and other online advertising media such as banner ads. Offline marketing costs include radio and print advertisements, as well as the costs to create and produce these advertisements, and tradeshows, including the costs of space at tradeshows and costs to design and construct tradeshow booths. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. In order to continue to grow our business and awareness of our services, we expect that we will continue to invest in our sales and marketing efforts. We expect an increase in sales and marketing investments in 2019 which will increase sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue compared to 2018.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of wages and benefits for management, human resources, internal IT support, legal, finance and accounting personnel, professional fees, insurance and other corporate expenses, including acquisition-related expenses. We expect that general and administrative expenses related to personnel, recruiting, internal information systems, audit, accounting and insurance costs will remain relatively constant as a percentage of revenue as we continue to support the growth of our business. Further, we expect to continue to incur acquisition-related costs, and general and administrative expenses could increase if we incur litigation-related expenses associated with our defense against legal claims.

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Our most critical accounting policies are summarized below. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about these critical accounting policies, as well as a description of our other significant accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition — On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standard Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended, or ASC 606. ASC 606 replaces existing revenue recognition rules with a comprehensive revenue measurement and recognition standard and expanded disclosure requirements. See Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding ASC 606.

We derive our revenue primarily from subscription fees for our premium services, and, to a lesser extent, usage fees from our audio services. Revenue is reported net of applicable sales and use tax, value-added tax and other transaction taxes imposed on the related transaction including mandatory government charges that are billed to our customers. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

Revenue from our premium subscription services represents a single promise to provide continuous access (i.e., a stand-ready obligation) to our software solutions and their processing capabilities in the form of a service through one of our data centers. Our software cannot be run on another entity’s hardware and customers do not have the right to take possession of the software and use it on their own or another entity’s hardware. As each day of providing access to the software is substantially the same and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, we determined that our premium subscription services arrangements include a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. Revenue from our premium subscription services is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Subscription periods range from monthly to multi-year, are typically billed in advance and are non-cancelable.

Revenue from our audio services represent a single promise to stand-ready to provide access to our audio platform. As each day of providing audio services is substantially the same and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, we have determined that our audio services arrangements include a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. Our audio services may include fixed consideration, variable consideration or a combination of the two. Variable consideration in these arrangements is typically a function of the corresponding rate per minute. We allocate the variable amount to each distinct service period within the series and recognize revenue as each distinct service period is performed (i.e., recognized as incurred).

Income Taxes — We are subject to federal, state, and foreign income taxes for jurisdictions in which we operate, and we use estimates in determining our provision for these income taxes. Deferred tax assets, related valuation allowances, current tax liabilities and deferred tax liabilities are determined separately by tax jurisdiction. In making these determinations, we estimate deferred tax assets, current tax liabilities and deferred tax liabilities, and we assess temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. We assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized, and we recognize a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, we maintained a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of our Hungarian subsidiary, and we have maintained a partial valuation allowance against certain Massachusetts and California net operating loss carryforwards as we concluded it was not more likely than not that these deferred tax assets are realizable prior to expiration.

We evaluate our uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit we have taken in our tax filings is more likely than not to be realized. Potential interest and penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets included $5.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively, for uncertain tax positions. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgment that is subject to audit by tax authorities in the ordinary course of business.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the U.S. Tax Act, was signed into law, making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a U.S. federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. As a result of the U.S. Tax Act, we calculated our best estimation of its impact, and recognized a one-time mandatory transition tax of $14.8 million on cumulative foreign subsidiary earnings in the fourth quarter of 2017. In the year ending December 31, 2018, we finalized the estimate and recorded a $2.6 million tax benefit to decrease the one-time mandatory transition tax amount to $12.2 million.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, or SAB 118, was issued to address the application of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the U.S. Tax Act. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we completed our analysis of the various provisions of the U.S. Tax Act and all adjustments to provisional amounts have been recorded to income tax expense.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets — We record goodwill as the excess of the acquisition price over the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. We do not amortize goodwill, but instead perform an impairment test of goodwill annually or whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may exceed its fair value. We operate as a single operating segment with one reporting unit and consequently evaluate goodwill for impairment based on an evaluation of the fair value of the company as a whole. As of November 30, 2018, our measurement date, the fair value of the company as a whole was substantially in excess of its carrying value. We routinely monitor our intangible assets for indicators of impairment. If an indicator exists, we compare the undiscounted expected future cash flows from the intangible asset to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted expected cash flows, we record an impairment based on the difference between the carrying value and determined fair value. Projected future cash flows are an estimate made by management which, based on their nature, include risks and uncertainties primarily related to acceptance of products in the marketplace. To the extent that estimates of cash flows do not come to fruition, future impairments of intangible assets may be required. No material impairments have been recorded through December 31, 2018.

We record intangible assets at their respective estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets are amortized based upon the pattern in which their economic benefit will be realized, or if this pattern cannot be reliably determined, using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range up to eleven years.

Loss Contingencies — We have been involved in various legal claims and legal proceedings and may be subject to additional legal claims and proceedings in the future that arise in the ordinary course of business. We consider the likelihood of a loss or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when we believe that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. We regularly evaluate current information available and consider the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and updated information to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted, whether new accruals are required and whether to update our disclosures accordingly. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and is subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Should any of these estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of litigation and contingencies as well as “Legal Proceedings” in Part I, Item 3.

The following table sets forth selected condensed consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated as a percentage of total revenue (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2017					2018
	Amount		Percent of Revenue	Amount			Percent of Revenue	Percent Change	Amount			Percent of Revenue	Percent Change
Revenue	$	336,068	100%	$	989,786		100%	195%	$	1,203,992		100%	22%
Cost of revenue		45,501	14%		203,203		21%	347%		281,481		23%	39%
Gross profit		290,567	86%		786,583		79%	171%		922,511		77%	17%
Operating expenses
Research and development		57,193	17%		156,731		16%	174%		169,409		14%	8%
Sales and marketing		162,811	48%		346,961		35%	113%		382,997		32%	10%
General and administrative		60,693	18%		160,366		16%	164%		145,453		12%	(9)%
Gain on disposition of assets		—	0%		—		0%	0%		(33,910	)	(3)%	(100)%
Amortization of acquired intangibles		5,457	2%		134,342		14%	2,362%		172,539		14%	28%
Total operating expenses		286,154	85%		798,400		81%	179%		836,488		69%	5%
Income (loss) from operations	$	4,413	1%	$	(11,817	)	(1)%	(368)%	$	86,023		7%	828%

On January 31, 2017, our Merger with the GoTo Business added over 1,600 employees and revenue increased to over $1 billion on an annualized basis. On April 3, 2018, our acquisition of Jive added approximately 700 employees and revenue of approximately $78 million since the acquisition date. Accordingly, the revenue and cost comparisons have all increased in 2018 compared to 2016 and 2017.

Revenue. Revenue increased $214.2 million, or 22%, from $989.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $1.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase included the GoTo Business revenue for twelve months in the 2018 period versus eleven months in the 2017 period; revenue derived from the Jive business since the acquisition date on April 3, 2018 of approximately $78 million; and the effect of acquisition accounting on the fair value of acquired deferred revenue for the GoTo Business of $34.3 million and $3.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and $0.7 million for Jive for the year ended December 31, 2018. We continue to integrate Jive into our unified communications and collaboration business and we have begun selling new bundled product offerings. Given the convergence of our unified communications and collaboration products, we will not report Jive’s standalone results in 2019.

Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue increased $78.3 million, or 39%, from $203.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $281.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and as a percentage of revenue was 21% and 23%, respectively. The increase in cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue includes an increase in amortization of acquired intangible assets from $48.7 million to $72.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. This increase is primarily attributable to the acquired intangibles of the GoTo Business, as well as the inclusion of Jive since the April 2018 acquisition date which has also contributed to the increase as a percentage of revenue. We amortize our acquired intangible assets based upon the pattern in which their economic benefit will be realized. Cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, included personnel-related costs, including salary, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes of $52.3 million and $68.2 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $6.7 million and $7.7 million, respectively; depreciation,

maintenance, and amortization of internally developed software of $34.8 million and $51.5 million, respectively; professional services expense of $12.8 million and $10.6 million, respectively; and data center, telecommunications and cloud computing service costs of $45.2 million and $54.7 million, respectively. Cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 included $1.8 million and $2.2 million of royalty expense, respectively. Further, telecommunication product costs totaled $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Included in personnel-related costs in both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 is $5.2 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense and $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of acquisition-related retention-based bonuses.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $12.7 million, or 8%, from $156.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $169.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and as a percentage of revenue was 16% and 14%, respectively. Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, included personnel-related costs, including salary, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes of $118.5 million and $127.5 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $12.0 million and $11.9 million, respectively; cloud computing services of $5.7 million and $8.7 million, respectively; depreciation and maintenance expense of $14.3 million and $15.6 million, respectively; and professional services expense of $4.9 million and $5.1 million, respectively. We capitalized $29.8 million and $31.4 million of personnel-related costs noted above during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, for internally developed software to be sold as a service incurred during the application development stage. Also included in personnel-related costs in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 is $22.1 million and $18.9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense and $7.3 million and $6.1 million, respectively, of acquisition-related retention-based bonuses.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased $36.0 million, or 10%, from $347.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $383.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and as a percentage of revenue was 35% and 32%, respectively. We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method which included the capitalization and amortization of incremental costs of obtaining contracts (commissions and related fringe benefits). For the year ended December 31, 2018, commissions expense was $37.7 million lower than it would have been under pre-ASC 606 accounting guidance. Sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, included personnel-related costs, including salary, commission, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes of $170.6 million and $176.6 million, respectively; marketing costs of $119.5 million and $138.4 million, respectively; credit card transaction fees of $20.8 million and $22.9 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $15.5 million and $14.7 million, respectively; depreciation and maintenance expense of $14.4 million and $21.4 million, respectively; and professional services expense of $3.1 million and $8.7 million, respectively. Included in personnel-related costs in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 is $16.2 million and $16.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense and $3.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of acquisition-related retention-based bonuses.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased $14.9 million, or 9%, from $160.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $145.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and as a percentage of revenue was 16% and 12%, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, general and administrative expenses included acquisition-related costs of $48.2 million and $13.5 million, respectively, primarily related to transaction, transition and integration-related costs for the Merger in 2017 and the acquisition of Jive in 2018. General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, included personnel-related costs, including salary, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes, of $73.4 million and $92.7 million, respectively; professional services of $20.9 million and $19.5 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $7.6 million and $8.7 million, respectively; and depreciation and maintenance expense of $6.5 million and $6.9 million, respectively. Included in personnel-related costs in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 is $23.8 million and $25.9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.

Gain on Disposition of Assets. We recorded a gain on the disposition of assets of $33.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 related to the gain on the sale of our Xively business.

Amortization of Acquired Intangibles. Amortization of acquired intangibles was $134.3 million and $172.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The increase was primarily related to the intangible assets acquired as a result of the Merger on January 31, 2017 and the acquisition of Jive on April 3, 2018. We amortize our acquired intangible assets based upon the pattern in which their economic benefit will be realized.

Interest Income. Interest income was $1.4 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and was primarily attributable to interest income earned on marketable securities and invested cash and cash equivalents.

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $1.4 million and $6.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and was primarily associated with interest expense attributable to $200.0 million of borrowings under our credit facility used to partially fund Jive as well as the amortization of financing fees.

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net was expense of $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, comprised primarily of realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses resulting from multi-currency settlements and re-measurements occurring during the period.

Income Taxes. We recorded a benefit from federal, state and foreign income taxes of $111.5 million on a loss before income taxes of $12.0 million and a provision of $6.4 million on profit before income taxes of $80.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. In 2017, our effective tax rate was different than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the enactment of the U.S. Tax Act and the recording of excess tax benefits related to stock-based awards in 2017. In 2018, our effective tax rate was different than the U.S federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a realignment of some of our intellectual property amongst three of our entities (two wholly-owned foreign entities and the United States) and the recording of excess tax benefits related to stock-based awards in 2018 and due to profits earned in certain foreign jurisdictions, primarily our Irish subsidiaries, which were subject to significantly lower tax rates than the U.S. federal statutory rate in both 2017 and 2018. In 2017 and 2018, we recorded a net benefit of $16.0 million and $7.3 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits.

Net Income. We recognized net income of $99.5 million and $74.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Revenue. Revenue increased $653.7 million, or 195%, from $336.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $989.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to $617.3 million of revenue from the GoTo Business since the Merger closed on January 31, 2017.

Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue increased $157.7 million, or 347%, from $45.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $203.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and as a percentage of revenue was 14% and 21%, respectively. Cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, included personnel-related costs, including salary, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes of $14.9 million and $52.3 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $2.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively; depreciation, maintenance, and amortization of internally developed software expense of $11.1 million and $34.8 million, respectively; costs from professional services expense of $1.9 million and $12.8 million, respectively; data center and telecommunications costs of $10.3 million and $45.2 million, respectively; and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $4.6 million and $48.7 million, respectively. Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 also included royalty expense of $1.8 million. As of the Merger date, cost of revenue expense included an additional 326 employees. The increase in cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue is primarily attributable to the increase in amortization of intangible assets. Included in personnel-related costs in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, is $2.3 million and $5.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense and $0.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of acquisition-related retention-based bonuses.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $99.5 million, or 174%, from $57.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $156.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and as a percentage of revenue was 17% and 16%, respectively. Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, included personnel-related costs, including salary, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes, of $46.1 million and $118.5 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $4.8 million and $12.0 million, respectively; cloud computing services of $0.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively; depreciation and maintenance expense of $3.6 million and $14.3 million, respectively; and professional services expense of $2.2 million and $4.9 million, respectively. We capitalized $1.6 million and $29.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, of costs related to internally developed software to be sold as a service incurred during the application development stage. As of the Merger date, research and development expense included an additional 647 employees. Included in personnel-related costs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 is $6.2 million and $22.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense and $5.9 million and $7.3 million, respectively, of acquisition-related retention-based bonuses.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased $184.2 million, or 113%, from $162.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $347.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and as a percentage of revenue was 48% and 35%, respectively. Sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, included personnel-related costs, including salary, commissions, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes, of $85.6 million and $170.6 million, respectively; marketing costs of $48.2 million and $119.5 million, respectively; credit card transaction fees of $8.8 million and $20.8 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $8.8 million and $15.5 million, respectively; depreciation and maintenance expense of $8.1 million and $14.4 million, respectively; and professional services expense of $2.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively. As of the Merger date, sales and marketing expense included an additional 621 employees resulting from the Merger. Included in personnel-related costs in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 is $16.2 million in both years of stock-based compensation expense and $1.5 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of acquisition-related retention-based bonuses.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $99.7 million, or 164%, from $60.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $160.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and as a percentage of revenue was 18% and 16%, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2017, general and administrative expenses included acquisition-related costs of $48.2 million primarily related to the Merger, consisting of $29.4 million in transaction, transition and integration-related costs, $12.8 million in integration-related severance costs and $5.0 million of retention-based bonuses. For the year ended December 31, 2016, general and administrative expenses included acquisition-related costs of $25.1 million primarily related to the Merger, as well as $8.2 million in retention-based bonuses related to our 2014 and 2015 acquisitions. General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, included personnel-related costs, including salary, bonus, recruiting, relocation, travel, training, benefits and taxes, of $31.4 million and $73.4 million, respectively; professional services expense of $7.1 million and $20.9 million, respectively; facility-related costs of $2.1 million and $7.6 million, respectively; and depreciation and maintenance expense of $2.0 million and $6.5 million, respectively. As of the Merger date, general and administrative expense included an additional 138 employees. Included in personnel-related costs in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 is $13.7 million and $23.8 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.

Amortization of Acquired Intangibles. Amortization of acquired intangibles was $5.5 million and $134.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase was primarily related to the intangible assets acquired as a result of the Merger on January 31, 2017.

Interest Income. Interest income was $0.7 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, and was primarily attributable to interest income earned on marketable securities and money market funds.

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $1.4 million for both the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, and was primarily associated with interest expense attributable to our credit facility and the amortization of financing fees.

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net was expense of $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, comprised primarily of realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses resulting from multi-currency settlements and re-measurements occurring during the period.

Income Taxes. We recorded a provision for federal, state and foreign income taxes of $0.6 million on profit before income taxes of $3.2 million and a benefit of $111.5 million on a loss before income taxes of $12.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Our effective tax rate is different than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the enactment of the U.S. Tax Act and the recording of excess tax benefits related to stock-based awards in 2017 and due to profits earned in certain foreign jurisdictions, primarily our Irish subsidiaries, which were subject to significantly lower tax rates than the U.S. federal statutory rate in both 2016 and 2017. As a result of the U.S. Tax Act, we recognized a one-time mandatory transition tax of $14.8 million on cumulative foreign subsidiary earnings, remeasured our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, which resulted in a benefit from income taxes of $105.1 million, and reassessed the net realizability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, which resulted in a tax provision of $4.7 million. Further, on January 1, 2017, we adopted ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). Previously, excess tax benefits were recognized in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet to the extent they reduced income taxes payable. Beginning in 2017, any excess tax benefits or shortfalls were recorded in the income tax provision upon vest or exercise. In 2017, we recorded a net benefit of $16.0 million related to excess tax benefits.

Net Income. We recognized net income of $2.6 million and $99.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

The following table sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below:

At December 31, 2018, our principal source of liquidity was cash and cash equivalents totaling $148.7 million, of which $72.9 million was in the United States and $75.8 million was held by our international subsidiaries.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $92.3 million, $316.2 million and $404.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Net cash inflows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 were mainly attributable to a $27.0 million increase in deferred revenue associated with upfront payments received from our customers, a $6.1 million increase in accounts payable, an $8.4 million increase in accrued expenses, and a $6.0 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, primarily due to $5.7 million in tax refunds received in the fourth quarter of 2016. These cash inflows were partially offset by a $10.2 million increase in accounts receivable. Accrued expenses and accounts payable included $6.2 million in acquisition-related professional fees, including transaction, transition, and integration-related fees and expenses. Additionally, included in net cash inflows from operating activities were add-backs of non-cash charges, including $38.4 million for stock-based compensation expense, $21.5 million for depreciation and amortization and $0.5 million for the change in fair value of the contingent consideration liability related to the acquisition of Marvasol, Inc. d/b/a “LastPass,” or LastPass, in October 2015, partially offset by $6.5 million related to excess tax benefits realized from stock-based awards and a $3.3 million benefit from deferred income taxes resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes.

Net cash inflows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 were mainly attributable to a $93.0 million increase in deferred revenue associated with upfront payments received from our customers, a $17.1 million increase in other long-term liabilities, and a $15.4 million increase in accrued liabilities. The increase in other long-term liabilities related to income tax provisions for the U.S. Tax Act of $12.5 million and uncertain tax positions of $3.6 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by a $22.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, a $16.6 million increase in accounts receivable, and a $5.0 million decrease in accounts payable. The increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets was primarily due to an increase in prepaid taxes, partially offset by amortization of prepaid expenses. Accrued liabilities and accounts payable included $6.8 million in acquisition-related professional fees related to the Merger, including transaction, transition, and integration-related fees and expenses, and $1.8 million in retention-based bonus accruals related to our acquisitions of AuthAir, Inc., or AuthAir, and Nanorep Technologies Ltd., or Nanorep. Additionally, included in net cash inflows from operating activities were add-backs of non-cash charges, including $221.3 million for depreciation and amortization, $67.3 million for stock-based compensation expense and a $156.8 million benefit from deferred income taxes primarily attributable to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the U.S. Tax Act enacted in December 2017 and the amortization of intangible assets which cannot be deducted for tax purposes.

Net cash inflows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 were mainly attributable to a $35.4 million increase in deferred revenue associated with upfront payments received from our customers, a $26.8 million increase in accrued liabilities, $7.8 million from accounts receivable due to strong collections, an $11.1 million increase in accounts payable and a $4.0 million increase in other long-term liabilities. These cash inflows were partially offset by a $13.7 million increase in prepaid and other current assets primarily due to an increase in short-term deferred commissions partially offset by a decrease in prepaid taxes and a $16.6 million increase in other assets primarily due to an increase in long-term deferred commissions. The increase in deferred commissions is a result of the adoption of ASC 606 in 2018. The increase in accrued liabilities is primarily due to an increase in employee related accruals of $11.8 million and an increase in marketing program accruals of $7.0 million. Additionally, included in net cash inflows from operating activities were add-backs and reductions of non-cash charges, including $301.1 million for depreciation and amortization, $65.7 million for stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a $57.5 million benefit from deferred income taxes primarily attributable to the amortization of intangible assets which cannot be deducted for tax purposes and $36.3 million for the gain on disposition of assets related to the divestiture of the Xively business excluding transaction costs.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and net cash used in investing activities was $31.9 million and $364.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Net cash provided by investing activities ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to $29.1 million in net proceeds from maturities of marketable securities. These cash inflows were partially offset by purchases of $14.0 million in property and equipment related to the expansion and upgrade of our data center capacity, our internal IT infrastructure and our offices, $6.1 million related to the acquisition of AuthAir, and $1.6 million in intangible asset additions for capitalized costs related to internally developed software to be sold as a service which were incurred during the application development stage.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to purchases of $36.6 million in property and equipment related to our internal IT infrastructure, data centers and our offices, $29.7 million in intangible asset additions for capitalized costs related to internally developed software to be sold as a service which were incurred during the application development stage, and $22.3 million of net cash paid for acquisitions, including $43.2 million related to the Nanorep acquisition and $3.3 million related to the Merger with the GoTo Business, partially offset by $24.2 million of cash acquired from the Merger. These cash outflows were partially offset by $55.6 million in net proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities and $1.2 million for restricted cash acquired through acquisitions.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily attributable to the acquisition of Jive on April 3, 2018 for $342.1 million, net of cash acquired, $34.2 million in intangible asset additions for capitalized costs related to internally developed software to be sold as a service which were incurred during the application development stage, and purchases of $31.0 million in property and equipment related to our internal IT infrastructure, data centers, and our offices. These cash outflows were partially offset by $42.4 million of proceeds received from the divestiture of the Xively business.

Net cash used in financing activities was $79.4 million, $181.5 million and $136.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to the purchase of $25.4 million of treasury stock pursuant to our share repurchase program, the repayment of $30.0 million related to our credit facility, the payment of $14.4 million for payroll withholding taxes related to vesting of restricted stock units and cash dividend payments to our stockholders of $25.5 million. These payments were partially offset by $11.8 million in proceeds received from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to $69.2 million of treasury stock purchases pursuant to our share repurchase program, dividend payments to our stockholders of $52.3 million including a special cash dividend of $12.8 million related to the Merger with the GoTo Business, the payment of $34.5 million for payroll withholding taxes related to vesting of restricted stock units, the repayment of $30.0 million of borrowings under our credit facility and the payment of $2.0 million in deferred financing costs associated with the credit facility. These payments were partially offset by $6.5 million in proceeds received from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to the purchase of $247.1 million of treasury stock pursuant to our share repurchase program, dividend payments to our stockholders of $62.2 million, and the payment of $30.6 million for payroll withholding taxes related to vesting of restricted stock units. These payments were partially offset by $200.0 million of borrowings under our credit facility which was drawn on April 2, 2018 in order to partially fund our acquisition of Jive, as well as $3.8 million in proceeds received from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.

We have available a multi-currency credit facility with a syndicate of banks, financial institutions and other lending entities that provides for a secured revolving line of credit of up to $400 million, which may be increased by an additional $200 million subject to further commitment from the lenders. The credit facility matures on February 1, 2022 and includes certain financial covenants with which we must comply. We expect to use the credit facility for general corporate purposes, including the potential acquisition of complementary products or businesses, share repurchases, as well as for working capital (see Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details). As of December 31, 2018, we had $200.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.

At December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents totaled $148.7 million, of which $72.9 million was held in the United States and $75.8 million was held by our international subsidiaries. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations and our credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our ongoing operations working capital and capital expenditure requirements.

We have been purchasing shares of our common stock since 2013 pursuant to share repurchase programs approved by our Board of Directors. On February 23, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a three-year capital return plan, pursuant to which we intend to return to stockholders approximately 75% of our free cash flow over the period, up to $700 million, through a combination of share repurchases and dividends. As of December 31, 2018, $318.2 million in share repurchases and $101.7 million in cash dividend payments to our stockholders have been made under this $700 million capital return plan, and $280.1 million remained. We expect to continue to repurchase shares in 2019 and on February 14, 2019, we announced a $0.325 per share cash dividend to be paid on March 12, 2019 to stockholders of record as of February 25, 2019, totaling approximately $16.5 million. Our Board of Directors will continue to review this capital return plan for potential modifications based on our financial performance, business outlook and other considerations. Our ability to repurchase our shares and/or pay cash dividends to our stockholders is subject to our having sufficient cash available and our maintaining compliance with our credit facility covenants.

We may elect to raise additional capital through the sale of additional equity or debt securities or expand our credit facility to develop or enhance our services, to fund expansion, to respond to competitive pressures or to acquire complementary products, businesses or technologies. If we elect to do so, additional financing may not be available in amounts or on terms that are favorable to us, if at all.

During the last three years, inflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect our business in the foreseeable future.

Regulation S-K Item 10(e), “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Commission Filings,” defines and prescribes the condition for use of non-GAAP financial information. We have presented the following non-GAAP measures in accordance with this standard. We believe that these non-GAAP measures of financial results provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to compare our performance to that of prior periods and uses these measures in financial reports prepared for management and our Board of Directors. We believe that the use of these non-GAAP financial measures provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial measures with other software-as-a-service companies, many of which present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors.

In addition to our Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, to date, we have considered the following non-GAAP financial measures to be key indicators of our financial performance:

The revenue and expense items described below are excluded from our GAAP results to arrive at our non-GAAP measures, as outlined above:

We consider our non-GAAP financial measures and these certain financial and operating metrics important to understanding our historical results, improving our business, benchmarking our performance against peer companies, and identifying current and future trends impacting our business.

The exclusion of certain expenses in the calculation of non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as an inference that these costs are unusual or infrequent. We anticipate excluding these expenses in future presentations of our non-GAAP financial measures.

We do not consider these non-GAAP measures in isolation or as an alternative to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant elements that are required to be recorded in our financial statements pursuant to GAAP. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgments by management in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. In order to compensate for these limitations, management presents our non-GAAP financial measures in connection with our GAAP results. We urge investors to review the reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures, which we have included in this Form 10-K and in our press releases announcing our quarterly financial results, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

Reconciliation tables of the most comparable GAAP financial measures to the non-GAAP measures are presented as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(In thousands, except per share data)
GAAP Net income (loss) from operations	$	4,413		$	(11,817	)	$	86,023
Add Back:
Effect of acquisition accounting on fair value of acquired deferred revenue		—			34,314			3,718
Stock-based compensation expense		38,350			67,292			65,734
Acquisition related costs		25,063			59,802			22,880
Litigation related expenses		148			2,348			584
Amortization of acquired intangibles		10,061			183,018			245,244
Less:
Gain on disposition of assets		—			—			(33,910	)
Effect of acquisition accounting on internally capitalized software development costs		—			(20,092	)		(8,385	)
Non-GAAP Operating income		78,035			314,865			381,888
Interest and other expense, net		(1,205	)		(160	)		(5,227	)
Non-GAAP Income before income taxes		76,830			314,705			376,661
Non-GAAP Provision for income taxes⁽¹⁾		(23,825	)		(95,513	)		(93,637	)
Non-GAAP Net income	$	53,005		$	219,192		$	283,024
GAAP Net income per diluted share	$	0.10		$	1.93		$	1.42
Non-GAAP Net income per diluted share	$	2.03		$	4.26		$	5.39
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		26,164			51,463			52,496

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2017			2018
	(in thousands)
GAAP Net income (loss)	$	2,638	$	99,523		$	74,371
Add Back:
Interest and other expense, net		1,205		160			5,227
Income tax provision (benefit)		570		(111,500	)		6,425
Amortization of acquired intangibles		10,061		183,018			245,244
Depreciation and amortization expense		11,444		38,303			55,827
EBITDA		25,918		209,504			387,094
Add Back:
Effect of acquisition accounting on fair value of acquired deferred revenue		—		34,314			3,718
Stock-based compensation expense		38,350		67,292			65,734
Gain on disposition of assets		—		—			(33,910	)
Acquisition related costs		25,063		59,802			22,880
Litigation related expenses		148		2,348			584
Adjusted EBITDA	$	89,479	$	373,260		$	446,100

We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financing activities, nor do we have any interest in entities referred to as variable interest entities.

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2018 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.

The commitments in the table above consist of lease payments for our corporate headquarters located in Boston, Massachusetts, our other United States locations, and our international locations (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Our purchase orders represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements and therefore are not included in the table above. The contractual commitment amounts in the table above are associated with agreements that are enforceable and legally binding. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without significant penalty are not included in the table above.

As of December 31, 2018, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees of $8.7 million (of which $1.8 million is collateralized and is classified as restricted cash), primarily related to our corporate headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates as our non-U.S. sales are recorded by our subsidiaries located in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Brazil and Mexico and as we incur significant operating expenses in our foreign subsidiaries including our research and development facilities in Hungary, Germany, and Canada and our sales and marketing operations in Ireland, Germany, the United Kingdom and Australia. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, approximately 29%, 24% and 22%, respectively, of our revenues were generated by customers outside of the United States and approximately 20%, 21% and 22%, respectively, of our operating expenses occurred in our international operations.

Currently, our largest exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk relates to the Euro, British Pound, Israeli Shekel, Hungarian Forint, the Brazilian Real and the Canadian Dollar. To date, changes in foreign currency exchange rates have not had a material impact on our operations, and we estimate that a change of 10% or less in foreign currency exchange rates would not materially affect our operations.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, we had outstanding forward contracts with notional amounts equivalent to the following (in thousands):

Net realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses were net losses of $0.5 million, $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, which are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Excluding the underlying foreign currency exposure being hedged, net realized and unrealized gains and losses on forward contracts included in foreign currency gains and losses was a net loss of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and a net gain of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. We did not enter into any forward contracts in 2016.

At December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents totaled $148.7 million, of which $72.9 million was held in the United States and $75.8 million was held by our international subsidiaries. Our invested cash is subject to interest rate fluctuations and, for non-U.S. operations, foreign currency risk. Our consolidated cash balances were impacted unfavorably by $2.6 million and $6.8 million in 2016 and 2018, respectively, and favorably by $8.3 million in 2017 due to changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly the Euro.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. Interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, based on the nature and current level of our cash and cash equivalents, which typically consist of cash, money market instruments and corporate debt securities with maturities of three months or less, we believe there is no material risk of exposure to changes in the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents as a result of changes in interest rates.

Interest expense on borrowings under our credit facility is sensitive to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2018, we had $200.0 million outstanding under our variable-rate credit facility. Interest rates on this loan will be adjusted at each rollover date to the extent such amounts are not repaid. As of December 31, 2018, the annual rate on the loan was 3.688%. If there was a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates, the annual net impact to earnings and cash flows would be $2.0 million. This hypothetical change in cash flows and earnings has been calculated based on borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2018 and a 100 basis point per annum change in interest rate applied over a one-year period.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of LogMeIn, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 21, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, using the modified retrospective adoption method on January 1, 2017.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Topic 606, using the modified retrospective adoption method on January 1, 2018.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	252,402		$	148,652
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $2,031 and $2,785 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)		93,949			95,354
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		52,473			83,887
Total current assets		398,824			327,893
Property and equipment, net		92,154			98,238
Restricted cash, net of current portion		1,795			1,840
Intangibles, net		1,149,597			1,059,988
Goodwill		2,208,725			2,400,390
Other assets		6,483			41,545
Deferred tax assets		530			6,059
Total assets	$	3,858,108		$	3,935,953
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	22,232		$	35,447
Accrued liabilities		82,426			119,379
Deferred revenue, current portion		340,570			369,780
Total current liabilities		445,228			524,606
Long-term debt		—			200,000
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		6,735			9,518
Deferred tax liabilities		221,407			201,212
Other long-term liabilities		20,997			25,929
Total liabilities		694,367			961,265
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value — 5,000 shares authorized, 0 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively
Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value—150,000 shares authorized; 56,043 and 56,703 shares issued; and 52,564 and 50,692 outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively		560			567
Additional paid-in capital		3,276,891			3,316,603
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		50,445			84,043
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		15,570			2,133
Treasury stock, at cost—3,479 and 6,011 shares as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively		(179,725	)		(428,658	)
Total equity		3,163,741			2,974,688
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,858,108		$	3,935,953

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Revenue	$	336,068		$	989,786		$	1,203,992
Cost of revenue		45,501			203,203			281,481
Gross profit		290,567			786,583			922,511
Operating expenses:
Research and development		57,193			156,731			169,409
Sales and marketing		162,811			346,961			382,997
General and administrative		60,693			160,366			145,453
Gain on disposition of assets		—			—			(33,910	)
Amortization of acquired intangibles		5,457			134,342			172,539
Total operating expenses		286,154			798,400			836,488
Income (loss) from operations		4,413			(11,817	)		86,023
Interest income		698			1,389			1,671
Interest expense		(1,403	)		(1,408	)		(6,342	)
Other income (expense), net		(500	)		(141	)		(556	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		3,208			(11,977	)		80,796
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(570	)		111,500			(6,425	)
Net income (loss)	$	2,638		$	99,523		$	74,371
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.10		$	1.97		$	1.44
Diluted	$	0.10		$	1.93		$	1.42
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		25,305			50,433			51,814
Diluted		26,164			51,463			52,496
Cash dividends declared and paid per share	$	1.00		$	1.25		$	1.20

	Common Stock								Retained			Accumulated
	Number of Shares			Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2016		25,130		$	275	$	276,793		$	21,074		$	(5,216	)	$	(85,115	)	$	207,811
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		409			4		11,749			—			—			—			11,753
Net issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units		456			5		(14,450	)		—			—			—			(14,445	)
Excess tax benefits realized from stock-based awards		—			—		2,258			—			—			—			2,258
Stock-based compensation		—			—		38,350			—			—			—			38,350
Treasury stock		(443	)		—		—			—			—			(25,381	)		(25,381	)
Dividends on common stock		—			—		—			(25,466	)		—			—			(25,466	)
Net income		—			—		—			2,638			—			—			2,638
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities		—			—		—			—			11			—			11
Cumulative translation adjustments		—			—		—			—			(1,413	)		—			(1,413	)
Balance at December 31, 2016		25,552		$	284	$	314,700		$	(1,754	)	$	(6,618	)	$	(110,496	)	$	196,116
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		181			2		6,509			—			—			—			6,511
Net issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units		589			5		(35,250	)		—			—			—			(35,245	)
Shares issued as Merger purchase consideration		26,868			269		2,904,218			—			—			—			2,904,487
Restricted stock units issued as Merger purchase consideration		—			—		16,692			—			—			—			16,692
Stock-based compensation		—			—		67,292			—			—			—			67,292
Treasury stock		(626	)		—		—			—			—			(69,229	)		(69,229	)
Dividends on common stock		—			—		—			(52,269	)		—			—			(52,269	)
Adoption of ASU 2016-16		—			—		—			82			—			—			82
Adoption of ASU 2016-09		—			—		2,730			4,863			—			—			7,593
Net income		—			—		—			99,523			—			—			99,523
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities		—			—		—			—			16			—			16
Cumulative translation adjustments		—			—		—			—			22,172			—			22,172
Balance at December 31, 2017		52,564		$	560	$	3,276,891		$	50,445		$	15,570		$	(179,725	)	$	3,163,741
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		126			1		3,830			—			—			—			3,831
Net issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units		534			6		(29,852	)		—			—			—			(29,846	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—		65,734			—			—			—			65,734
Treasury stock		(2,532	)		—		—			—			—			(248,933	)		(248,933	)
Dividends on common stock		—			—		—			(62,202	)		—			—			(62,202	)
Adoption of ASC 606		—			—		—			21,429			—			—			21,429
Net income		—			—		—			74,371			—			—			74,371
Cumulative translation adjustments		—			—		—			—			(13,437	)		—			(13,437	)
Balance at December 31, 2018		50,692		$	567	$	3,316,603		$	84,043		$	2,133		$	(428,658	)	$	2,974,688

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	2,638		$	99,523		$	74,371
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		38,350			67,292			65,734
Depreciation and amortization		21,505			221,321			301,071
Gain on disposition of assets, excluding transaction costs		—			—			(36,281	)
Benefit from deferred income taxes		(3,304	)		(156,831	)		(57,456	)
Excess tax benefits realized from stock-based awards		(6,467	)		—			—
Other, net		1,275			2,266			1,771
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		(10,214	)		(16,618	)		7,751
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,996			(22,819	)		(13,671	)
Other assets		1,490			1,569			(16,596	)
Accounts payable		6,149			(5,004	)		11,104
Accrued liabilities		8,353			15,354			26,811
Deferred revenue		26,953			93,036			35,416
Other long-term liabilities		(409	)		17,108			4,014
Net cash provided by operating activities		92,315			316,197			404,039
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities		(35,609	)		—			—
Proceeds from sale or disposal or maturity of marketable securities		64,756			55,598			—
Purchases of property and equipment		(14,015	)		(36,635	)		(30,965	)
Intangible asset additions		(1,559	)		(29,706	)		(34,219	)
Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired		(6,083	)		(22,348	)		(342,072	)
Restricted cash acquired through acquisitions		—			1,181			—
Proceeds from disposition of assets		—			—			42,394
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		7,490			(31,910	)		(364,862	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings under credit facility		—			—			200,000
Repayments under credit facility		(30,000	)		(30,000	)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon option exercises		11,753			6,511			3,831
Excess tax benefits realized from stock-based awards		6,467			—			—
Payments of withholding taxes in connection with restricted stock unit vesting		(14,445	)		(34,474	)		(30,617	)
Payment of debt issuance costs		(346	)		(2,032	)		—
Payment of contingent consideration		(2,030	)		—			—
Dividends paid on common stock		(25,466	)		(52,269	)		(62,202	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(25,381	)		(69,229	)		(247,144	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(79,448	)		(181,493	)		(136,132	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(2,633	)		8,080			(6,762	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		17,724			110,874			(103,717	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		125,611			143,335			254,209
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	143,335		$	254,209		$	150,492
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest on borrowings	$	937		$	201		$	4,734
Cash paid (refunds received) for income taxes	$	(5,439	)	$	55,730		$	48,244
Noncash investing and financing activities
Purchase consideration of the GoTo Business paid in equity	$	—		$	2,921,179		$	—
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,023		$	3,522		$	9,109
Purchases of treasury stock included in accrued liabilities	$	—		$	—		$	1,789
Withholding taxes in connection with restricted stock unit vesting in accrued liabilities	$	—		$	771		$	—

LogMeIn, Inc., which is referred to herein as LogMeIn or the Company, provides a portfolio of cloud-based unified communications and collaboration, identity and access management, and customer engagement and support solutions designed to simplify how people connect with each other and the world around them to drive meaningful interactions, deepen relationships, and create better outcomes for individuals and businesses. The Company is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts with additional locations in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

On January 31, 2017, the Company completed a merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Citrix Systems, Inc., or Citrix, pursuant to which the Company combined with Citrix’s GoTo family of service offerings known as the GoTo Business, in a Reverse Morris Trust transaction which is referred to herein as the Merger. On April 3, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc., or Jive, a provider of cloud-based phone systems and unified communications services. For additional information regarding the Jive acquisition and the Merger, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has prepared the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, referred to herein as ASU 2017-04, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 also clarifies the requirements for excluding and allocating foreign currency translation adjustments to reporting units related to an entity’s testing of reporting units for goodwill impairment, and that an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to early adopt this standard as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB’s EITF), referred to herein as ASU 2016-18, which requires restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending amounts on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 impacted the presentation of the consolidated statement of cash flows with the inclusion of restricted cash for each of the presented periods.

Cash and cash equivalents subject to contractual restrictions and not readily available for use are classified as restricted cash. The Company’s restricted cash balances are primarily made up of cash posted as collateral for its worldwide facility leases. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated balance sheets, to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows included herein (in thousands):

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and has since issued several additional amendments thereto (collectively referred to herein as ASC 606) which became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. ASC 606 outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires entities to apportion consideration from contracts to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis, based on a five-step model. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of a promised good or service and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for the good or service. In addition, ASC 606 also includes subtopic ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers, referred to herein as ASC 340-40, which provides guidance on accounting for certain revenue related costs including costs associated with obtaining and fulfilling a contract, discussed further below.

Revenue recognition from the Company’s primary revenue streams remained substantially unchanged following adoption of ASC 606 and therefore did not have a material impact on its revenues. The Company also considered the impact of ASC 606 subtopic ASC 340-40. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company expensed commission costs and related fringe benefits as incurred. Under ASC 340-40, the Company is required to capitalize and amortize incremental costs of obtaining a contract, such as sales commissions and related fringe benefits, over the period of benefit, which the Company has calculated to be three years. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are recognized as an asset if the costs are expected to be recovered. The period of benefit was determined based on an average customer contract term, technology changes, and the company’s ability to retain customers. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the related contractual renewal period. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method which resulted in an adjustment to retained earnings for the cumulative effect of applying the standard to all contracts not completed as of the adoption date. Upon adoption, prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $10.7 million due to the capitalization of the current portion of sales commissions and other assets increased by $17.3 million due to the capitalization of the noncurrent portion of sales commissions. Deferred tax liabilities increased by $6.6 million due to temporary differences between the accounting and tax carrying values of the capitalized commissions. Retained earnings increased by $21.4 million as a net result of these adjustments. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The Company has elected the use of practical expedients in its adoption of the new standard, which includes continuing to record revenue reported net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction and the application of the standard to all contracts not completed as of the adoption date.

The following tables summarize the impact of adopting ASC 606 on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements during the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands, except per share data):

The adoption of ASC 606 did not affect the Company's reported total amounts of cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities in its consolidated statements of cash flows.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract — The Company’s incremental costs of obtaining a contract consist of sales commissions and their related fringe benefits. Sales commissions and fringe benefits paid on renewals are not commensurate with sales commissions paid on the initial contract, but they are commensurate with each other. Sales commissions and fringe benefits are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which the Company has estimated to be three to four years, for initial contracts and amortized over the renewal period for renewal contracts, typically one year. The period of benefit was determined based on an average customer contract term, expected contract renewals, changes in technology and the Company’s ability to retain customers. Deferred commissions are classified as current or noncurrent assets based on the timing the expense will be recognized. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred commissions are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $33.7 million of current deferred commissions and $31.2 million of noncurrent deferred commissions. Commissions expense is primarily included in sales and marketing expense on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had amortization expense of $20.6 million related to deferred commissions during the year ended December 31, 2018. Other costs incurred to fulfill contracts have been immaterial to date.

Revenue Recognition — The Company derives its revenue primarily from subscription fees for its premium subscription software services and, to a lesser extent, usage fees from audio services. Revenue is reported net of applicable sales and use tax, value-added tax and other transaction taxes imposed on the related transaction including mandatory government charges that are passed through to the Company’s customers. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

Disaggregated Revenue — The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by geography and product grouping, as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s revenue by geography (based on customer address) is as follows (in thousands):

Premium Subscription Services — Revenue from the Company’s premium subscription services represents a single promise to provide continuous access (i.e., a stand-ready obligation) to its software solutions and their processing capabilities in the form of a service through one of the Company’s data centers. The Company’s software cannot be run on another entity’s hardware and customers do not have the right to take possession of the software and use it on their own or another entity’s hardware.

As each day of providing access to the software is substantially the same and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, the Company has determined that its premium subscription services arrangements include a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. Revenue from the Company’s premium subscription services is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the Company’s service is made available to the customer. Subscription periods range from monthly to multi-year, are typically billed in advance and are non-cancelable.

Audio Services — Revenue from the Company’s audio services represent a single promise to stand-ready to provide access to the Company’s platform. As each day of providing audio services is substantially the same and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, the Company has determined that its audio services arrangements include a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. These audio services may include fixed consideration, variable consideration or a combination of the two. Variable consideration in these arrangements is typically a function of the corresponding rate per minute. The Company allocates the variable amount to each distinct service period within the series and recognizes revenue as each distinct service period is performed (i.e., recognized as incurred).

Accounts Receivable, Net — Accounts receivable, net, are amounts due from customers where there is an unconditional right to consideration. Unbilled receivables of $5.1 million and $5.4 million are included in this balance at December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The payment of consideration related to these unbilled receivables is subject only to the passage of time.

The Company reviews accounts receivable on a periodic basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. Estimates are used to determine the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts necessary to reduce accounts receivable to its estimated net realizable value. The estimates are based on an analysis of past due receivables, historical bad debt trends, current economic conditions, and customer specific information. After the Company has exhausted all collection efforts, the outstanding receivable balance relating to services provided is written off against the allowance and the balance related to services not yet delivered is charged as an offset to deferred revenue. Additions to the provision for bad debt are charged to expense.

Activity in the provision for bad debt accounts was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company also had a sales returns allowance of $1.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Additions to the provision for sales returns are charged against revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, the provision for sales returns was $4.1 million and $3.9 million and write-offs were $2.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities — Contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) are reported net at the contract level for each reporting period.

Contract Assets — Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales contracts when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. The contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. The Company had no contract assets as of December 31, 2017 and $2.3 million of contract assets as of December 31, 2018, of which $1.3 million is included in prepaid and other current assets and $1.0 million is included in other assets.

Contract Liabilities (Deferred Revenue) — Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings and payments received in advance of revenue recognition. The Company primarily bills and collects payments from customers for its services in advance on a monthly and annual basis. The Company initially records subscription fees as deferred revenue and then recognizes revenue as performance obligations are satisfied over the subscription period. Typically, subscriptions automatically renew at the end of the subscription period unless the customer specifically terminates it prior to the end of the period. Deferred revenue to be recognized within the next twelve months is included in current deferred revenue, and the remaining amount is included in long-term deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, revenue recognized related to deferred revenue at January 1, 2018 was approximately $341 million. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $527 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, including backlog, primarily over the next two years.

Changes in contract balances for the year ended December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers — The Company’s principal credit risk relates to its cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are deposited primarily with financial institutions that management believes to be of high-credit quality. To manage accounts receivable credit risk, the Company regularly evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers and maintains allowances for potential credit losses. To date, losses resulting from uncollected receivables have not exceeded management’s expectations.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, no customers accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable and there were no customers that represented 10% or more of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Segment Data — Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker or decision-making group when making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company, whose management uses consolidated financial information in determining how to allocate resources and assess performance, has determined that it operates in one segment.

Marketable Securities — The Company’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary are included as a component of earnings based on the specific identification method. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices. The Company did not have any marketable securities as of December 31, 2017 or 2018.

Restricted Cash — In April 2012, the Company entered into a lease for its corporate headquarters located in Boston, Massachusetts. The lease required a security deposit of $3.3 million in the form of an irrevocable standby letter of credit which was collateralized by a bank deposit in the amount of $3.5 million or 105 percent of the security deposit in accordance with the lease, which was classified as restricted cash. In 2015 and 2017, $1.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of the security deposit was returned to the Company due to a planned decrease in the security deposit obligation. In addition, the Company has made security deposits for various other leased facilities, which are also classified as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, restricted cash totaled $1.8 million.

Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:

Goodwill — Goodwill is the excess of the acquisition price over the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. The Company does not amortize goodwill, but performs an impairment test of goodwill annually or whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may exceed its fair value. The Company operates as a single operating segment with one reporting unit and consequently evaluates goodwill for impairment based on an evaluation of the fair value of the Company as a whole. As of November 30, 2018, the Company’s measurement date, the fair value of the Company as a whole exceeded the carrying amount of the Company. Through December 31, 2018, no impairments have occurred.

Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets — The Company records intangible assets at their respective estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets are being amortized based upon the pattern in which their economic benefit will be realized, or if this pattern cannot be reliably determined, using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range up to eleven years.

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets, including intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events occur, the Company compares the carrying amounts of the assets to their undiscounted expected future cash flows. If this comparison indicates that there is impairment, the amount of the impairment is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Through December 31, 2018, the Company recorded no material impairments.

Research and Development — Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred.

Software Development Costs — The Company capitalizes certain direct costs to develop functionality as well as certain upgrades and enhancements of its on-demand products that are probable to result in additional functionality. The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental, are capitalized as part of intangible assets until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Internally developed software costs that are capitalized are classified as intangible assets and amortized over a period of two to three years.

Foreign Currency Translation — The functional currency of operations outside the United States of America is deemed to be the currency of the local country, unless otherwise determined that the United States dollar would serve as a more appropriate functional currency given the economic operations of the entity. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars using the period-end exchange rate, and income and expense items are translated using the average exchange rate during the period. Cumulative translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are charged to operations.

Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company’s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that arise from receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies. The Company does not designate foreign currency forward contracts as hedges for accounting purposes, and changes in the fair value of these instruments are recognized immediately in earnings. Because the Company enters into forward contracts only as an economic hedge, any gain or loss on the underlying foreign-denominated balance would be offset by the loss or gain on the forward contract. Gains and losses on forward contracts and foreign denominated receivables and payables are included in foreign currency net gains and losses.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company had outstanding forward contracts with notional amounts equivalent to the following (in thousands):

Net realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses were net losses of $0.5 million, $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, which are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Excluding the underlying foreign currency exposure being hedged, net realized and unrealized gains and losses on forward contracts included in foreign currency gains and losses was a net loss of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and a net gain of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company did not enter into any forward contracts in 2016.

Stock-Based Compensation — The Company values all stock-based compensation, including grants of stock options and restricted stock units, at fair value on the date of grant and recognizes the expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award on a straight-line basis.

Income Taxes — Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and operating loss carryforwards and credits using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. At each balance sheet date, the Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized and recognizes a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction.

The Company evaluates its uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings is more likely than not to be realized. Potential interest and penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense.

Advertising Costs — The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 was approximately $29.2 million, $100.2 million and $112.8 million,

respectively, which consisted primarily of online paid searches, banner advertising and other online marketing and is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Net Income Per Share — Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and, if dilutive, the weighted average number of potential common shares outstanding from the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock units.

The Company excluded the following options to purchase common shares and restricted stock units from the computation of diluted net income per share because they had an anti-dilutive impact (in thousands):

Basic and diluted net income per share was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations — As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has agreements whereby the Company indemnifies certain of its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. As permitted under Delaware law, the Company also has similar indemnification obligations under its certificate of incorporation and by-laws. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has director’s and officer’s insurance coverage that the Company believes limits its exposure and enables it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements with certain customers that contractually obligate the Company to provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, from the services provided by the Company or claims alleging that the Company’s products infringe third-party patents, copyrights, or trademarks. The term of these indemnification obligations is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification obligations is, in many cases, unlimited. Through December 31, 2018, the Company has not experienced any losses related to these indemnification obligations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, referred to herein as ASU 2016-02, which will require lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. In general, lease arrangements exceeding a twelve-month term must now be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. Under ASU 2016-02, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation will be recorded for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement will reflect lease expense for operating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. This guidance is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019. Along with ASU 2016-02, the Company is also evaluating Accounting Standards Update 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 Leases and Accounting Standards Update 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to Topic 842 Leases which allows the new lease standard to be applied as of the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings rather than retroactive restatement of all periods presented. Upon adoption, the Company also expects to elect the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows the carryforward of the historical lease classification. The Company has formed a project team focused on the implementation of the new accounting standard. The Company continues to evaluate which other, if any, practical expedients will be elected and is currently formalizing processes and controls to identify, classify, and measure its leases in accordance with ASU 2016-02. While the Company continues to evaluate the effect of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, it is expected that at a minimum, the obligations under existing operating leases, as disclosed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, will be reported in the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software: Customers Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, referred to herein as ASU 2018-15. The amendments in ASU 2018-15 align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by these amendments. The provisions may be adopted prospectively or retrospectively. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of the adoption of ASU 2018-15 on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities and the debt outstanding under the credit facility approximates fair value. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Money market funds and time deposits are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets.

Certificates of deposit, commercial paper and certain U.S. government agency securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. These instruments are valued based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or based on other observable inputs consisting of market yields, reported trades and broker/dealer quotes.

The principal market in which the Company executes foreign currency contracts is the institutional market in an over-the-counter environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants are usually large financial institutions. The Company’s foreign currency contracts’ valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and quoted pricing intervals from public data sources and do not involve management judgment. These contracts are typically classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s significant financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value in the table below (in thousands), which excludes cash on hand and assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost or any basis other than fair value.

In 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc., or Jive, on April 3, 2018. In 2017, the Company completed its Merger with Citrix Systems, Inc.’s wholly-owned subsidiary on January 31, 2017 and the acquisition of Nanorep Technologies Ltd, or Nanorep, on July 31, 2017. In 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of AuthAir, Inc., or AuthAir, on October 31, 2016.

The results of operations of these acquired businesses have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on their respective acquisition dates.

These acquisitions have been accounted for as business combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been recorded at their estimated fair values as of the respective acquisition date. The fair values of intangible assets were based on valuations using an income approach, with estimates and assumptions provided by management of the acquired companies and the Company. The excess of the purchase price over the tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets and assumed liabilities was recorded as goodwill.

In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, acquisition-related costs were $25.1 million, $59.8 million and $22.9 million, respectively. Acquisition-related costs are associated with the acquisitions of businesses and intellectual property and include transaction, transition and integration-related charges (including legal, accounting and other professional fees, severance and retention bonuses) and subsequent adjustments to the Company’s initial estimated amount of contingent consideration associated with acquisitions. Acquisition-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 were primarily related to the Merger and also included $8.2 million of retention-based bonus expense related to the Company’s acquisitions, which are typically earned over the first two years following the acquisition. Acquisition-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2017 were also primarily related to the Merger and included $29.4 million in transaction, transition and integration-related expenses, $12.8 million in integration-related severance costs, and $16.6 million of retention-based bonuses, of which $10.0 million was related to the Merger. Acquisition-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of $8.2 million of transaction, transition and integration-related expenses, primarily for the acquisition of Jive, $3.5 million of integration-related severance costs, and $11.2 million of retention-based bonuses primarily related to the Jive and Nanorep acquisitions described below.

On April 3, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity of Jive Communications, Inc., or Jive, a provider of cloud-based phone systems and unified communications services for $342.1 million, net of cash acquired. The Company funded the purchase price through a combination of existing cash on-hand and a $200.0 million revolving loan borrowed pursuant to its existing credit agreement.

Additionally, the Company expects to pay up to $15 million in contingent cash retention payments to certain employees of Jive upon the achievement of specified retention milestones over the two-year period following the closing of the transaction, of which $0.7 million has been paid as of December 31, 2018. At the time of closing, Jive had approximately 700 employees and fiscal year 2017 revenue was approximately $80 million. The operating results of Jive have been included in the Company’s results since the date of the acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded revenue of approximately $78 million, including a $0.7 million effect of acquisition accounting on the fair value of acquired deferred revenue, and expenses of $114.1 million, including amortization of acquired intangibles of $9.9 million, acquisition-related transaction, transition and integration-related costs of $7.4 million, integration-related severance costs of $1.2 million and retention-based bonus expense of $7.7 million. The Company continues to integrate Jive into its business and has begun selling new bundled product offerings.

The acquisition is being accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed has been recognized based on management’s estimates and assumptions using the information about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company finalized the allocation of purchase price in the fourth quarter of 2018.

The following table summarizes the Company’s purchase price allocation (in thousands):

The useful lives of the identifiable intangible assets acquired range from 2 to 10 years with a weighted average useful life of 9.7 years. The goodwill recorded in connection with this transaction is primarily related to the expected opportunities to be achieved as a result of the Company’s ability to leverage its customer base, sales force and business plan with Jive’s product, technical expertise and customer base. All goodwill and intangible assets acquired are not deductible for income tax purposes.

The Company recorded a long-term deferred tax liability, net, of $25.2 million primarily related to definite-lived intangible assets which cannot be deducted for tax purposes, partially offset by deferred tax assets primarily related to net operating losses acquired.

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company, including Jive, on a pro forma basis, as though the acquisition had been consummated as of the beginning of 2017, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, interest expense on borrowings and lower interest income in connection with the Company’s funding of the acquisition with existing cash and cash equivalents and borrowings under its credit facility, the inclusion of expense related to retention-based bonuses assuming full achievement of the retention requirements, the reclassification of acquisition-related costs of the Company and Jive incurred up to the transaction closing date, the effect of acquisition accounting on the fair value of acquired deferred revenue and the related tax effects. Any impact on the Jive pro forma net deferred tax liabilities as a result of the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the U.S. Tax Act, enacted on December 22, 2017 has been excluded. The pro forma financial information is presented for comparative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition taken place at the beginning of 2017.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information (in millions except per share amounts)

On July 31, 2017, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in Nanorep Technologies Ltd., or Nanorep, an Israeli provider of artificial intelligence, chatbot and virtual assistant services, for $43.2 million, net of cash acquired. Additionally, the Company expects to pay up to $5 million in cash to certain employees of Nanorep contingent upon their continued service over the two-year period following the closing of the acquisition and, in some cases, the achievement of specified performance conditions, of which $2.5 million has been paid as of December 31, 2018. At the time of the acquisition, Nanorep had approximately 55 employees and annualized revenue of approximately $5 million. The operating results of Nanorep, which have been included in the Company’s results since the date of the acquisition are not material. Accordingly, pro forma financial information for the business combination has not been presented.

On January 31, 2017, the Company completed its Merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Citrix, pursuant to which the Company acquired Citrix’s GoTo Business. In connection with the Merger, the Company issued 26.9 million shares of its common stock to Citrix stockholders and an additional 0.4 million of the Company’s restricted stock units in substitution for certain outstanding Citrix restricted stock units held by the GoTo Business employees. Based on the Company’s closing stock price of $108.10 on January 31, 2017 as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market, the total value of the shares of LogMeIn common stock issued to Citrix stockholders in connection with the Merger was $2.9 billion. In October 2017, pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, the Company paid $3.3 million of additional purchase price for final adjustments related to defined targets for cash and cash equivalents and non-cash working capital.

As of the date of the Merger, the operations of the GoTo Business have been included in the Company’s operating results. Since the Merger, the operating costs of the GoTo Business have been integrated with the operating costs of the Company and therefore, the Company has not provided operating income for the GoTo Business. Further, in 2018, stand-alone GoTo Business revenue was not reported because the Company’s continued integration of its go-to-market strategy made this metric incomparable to prior periods. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company recorded amortization of acquired intangibles of $172.6 million and $224.1 million, respectively, and acquisition-related transaction, transition and integration-related costs directly attributable to the Merger of $46.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively, within its Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table summarizes the fair value (in thousands) of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:

The completion of the Merger and the acquisition of the GoTo Business has resulted in a combined company with the scale, employees, products and customer base needed to lead large markets, support a more global customer base and compete against a variety of different solution providers of all sizes. Goodwill of $2.1 billion was recognized for the excess purchase consideration over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets recorded as part of the acquisition are not deductible for tax purposes. The Company recorded a deferred tax liability, net of deferred tax assets, of $379.9 million, which was primarily related to the amortization of intangible assets which cannot be deducted for tax purposes and which was partially offset by deferred tax assets primarily related to the pre-combination services of the Company’s restricted stock units issued in substitution for the outstanding Citrix restricted stock units pursuant to the Merger agreement.

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company, including the GoTo Business, on a pro forma basis, as though the Merger had been consummated as of the beginning of 2016, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, the effect of acquisition accounting on the fair value of acquired deferred revenue, the inclusion of expense related to retention-based bonuses assuming full achievement of the retention requirements, the reclassification of all acquisition-related costs incurred by the Company and the GoTo Business as of the beginning of 2016 through the first quarter of 2017 (the quarter the Merger was completed), and the related tax effects. The pro forma financial information is presented for comparative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of 2016.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information (in millions except per share amounts)

On October 31, 2016, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in AuthAir, Inc., or AuthAir, a Woodbridge, Connecticut-based provider of proximity-based security and wireless authentication solutions, for $6.0 million plus contingent retention-based bonuses totaling up to $0.5 million which was paid to former AuthAir employees over a two-year period following the date of the acquisition. The results of operations of AuthAir have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial results since the acquisition date and have not been material.

On February 9, 2018, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an agreement to sell its Xively business. On March 20, 2018, the Company completed the sale for consideration of $49.9 million, comprised of $42.4 million of cash received in the first quarter of 2018 and $7.5 million of receivables held back as an escrow by the buyer, as an exclusive security in the event of the Company’s breach of any of the representations and warranties in the definitive agreement. The $7.5 million receivable, due in September 2019, was recorded at a net present value of $7.3 million, and is included in prepaids and other current assets on the December 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet.

The Xively disposition resulted in a gain of $33.9 million recorded in 2018, comprised of the present value of the $49.6 million received as consideration less net assets disposed of $13.3 million and transaction costs of $2.4 million. The net assets disposed are primarily comprised of $14.0 million of goodwill allocated to the Xively business. In fiscal year 2017, the Company recorded approximately $3 million of revenue and $13 million of operating expense directly related to its Xively business. The sale of the Xively business does not constitute a significant strategic shift that will have a material impact on the Company’s ongoing operations and financial results. Accordingly, pro forma information for the divestiture of Xively has not been presented.

The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 are primarily due to the Merger with the GoTo Business and the acquisition of Nanorep in 2017, and the acquisition of Jive and the reduction of goodwill resulting from the divestiture of the Xively business in 2018. For additional information regarding the acquisitions, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information regarding the Xively divestiture, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2017						December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Life Remaining (in years)
Identifiable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	810,779	$	135,715	$	675,064	$	920,265	$	294,362	$	625,903		6.6
Technology		453,372		64,021		389,351		481,776		132,895		348,881		7.0
Trade names and trademarks		70,630		10,073		60,557		70,985		20,685		50,300		7.0
Other		1,360		1,323		37		3,577		1,319		2,258		7.0
Internally developed software		38,153		13,565		24,588		66,361		33,715		32,646		1.4
	$	1,374,294	$	224,697	$	1,149,597	$	1,542,964	$	482,976	$	1,059,988

In 2018, the Company capitalized $0.9 million for trade names, $117.5 million for customer relationships and $35.2 million for technology as intangible assets in connection with the acquisition of Jive and acquired a domain name for $2.5 million. The Company also capitalized $29.8 million and $31.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, of costs related to internally developed software to be sold as a service incurred during the application development stage which are being amortized over the expected lives of the related services.

The Company is amortizing its intangible assets based upon the pattern in which their economic benefit will be realized, or if this pattern cannot be reliably determined, using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Amortization relating to technology, documented know-how (other) and internally developed software is recorded within cost of revenue and the amortization of trade names and trademarks, customer relationships, and domain names (other) is recorded within operating expenses. Amortization expense for intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

Future estimated amortization expense for intangible assets at December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):

Depreciation expense for property and equipment was $9.7 million, $29.8 million and $33.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

The domestic and foreign components of total income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

A reconciliation of the Company’s effective tax rate to the statutory federal income tax rate is as follows:

As a result of the U.S. Tax Act enacted in December 2017, the U.S. statutory tax rate was lowered from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a significant tax benefit for the remeasurement of its U.S. net deferred tax liabilities primarily associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets that will reverse at the new 21% rate.

The Company’s effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were impacted by the following:

As a result of the U.S. Tax Act, in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company calculated its best estimation of the impact of the U.S. Tax Act and recognized a one-time mandatory transition tax of $14.8 million on cumulative foreign subsidiary earnings, remeasured the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, which resulted in a benefit from income taxes of $105.1 million, and reassessed the net realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities, which resulted in a tax provision of $4.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company decreased the transition tax estimate and recorded a tax benefit of $2.6 million to decrease its one-time mandatory transition tax estimate to $12.2 million from $14.8 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, or SAB 118, was issued to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the U.S. Tax Act. As of December 22, 2018, the Company finalized its analysis of the provisions for the U.S. Tax Act and recorded all adjustments to estimated amounts to income tax expense. The Company has elected to record Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income tax, or GILTI tax, as a period cost in the period incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a net tax provision of $1.7 million related to GILTI tax which will be offset by utilizing foreign tax credits generated of $1.6 million.

The Company has deferred tax assets related to temporary differences and operating loss carryforwards as follows (in thousands):

Deferred tax assets, related valuation allowances, current tax liabilities, and deferred tax liabilities are determined separately by tax jurisdiction. In making these determinations, the Company estimates deferred tax assets, current tax liabilities, and deferred tax liabilities, and the Company assesses temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. As of December 31, 2018, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of its Hungarian subsidiary. This entity has historical tax losses and the Company concluded it was not more likely than not that these deferred tax assets are realizable. During 2016, the valuation allowance decreased by $0.2 million as a result of a tax return provision adjustment, which decreased the Hungarian subsidiary’s net operating loss carryforwards. During 2017, as a result of the Merger, the valuation allowance increased by $1.4 million primarily due to the recording of a valuation allowance for certain Massachusetts and California state net operating losses. During 2018, the valuation allowance increased by $0.1 million as a result of a tax return provision adjustment which increased the net operating loss carryforward.

For U.S. tax return purposes, net operating losses and tax credits are normally available to be carried forward to future years, subject to limitations as discussed below. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $32.6 million and $71.4 million, respectively, which expire on various dates from 2021 through 2038.

The Company has performed an analysis of its ownership changes as defined by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, or Section 382, and has determined the portion of net operating loss carryforwards acquired from its 2016 through 2018 acquisitions that are subject to limitation, if any. The Company also analyzed the historical LogMeIn net operating loss carryforwards due to the Merger in 2017. As of December 31, 2018, all net operating loss carryforwards (except for Massachusetts and California) generated by the Company, including those subject to limitation, are available for utilization. Subsequent ownership changes as defined by Section 382 could potentially limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $23.0 million, of which $15.6 million are related to the Company’s Hungarian subsidiary, which are not subject to expiration, and the Company has recognized a full valuation allowance against these carryforwards. The remaining $7.4 million of foreign net operating loss carryforwards are related to the Company’s Israel subsidiary. The Company expects to fully realize these net operating loss carryforwards prior to their expiration.

As of December 31, 2018, it is management’s assertion that the earnings and profits of foreign entities may not be reinvested in the overseas businesses indefinitely however, the outside basis differences in the international subsidiaries will be permanently reinvested.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are examined by various tax authorities, including the Internal Revenue Service in the United States. As of December 31, 2018, the Company remained subject to examination in the following major tax jurisdictions for the years indicated:

The Company incurred expenses related to stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 of $38.4 million, $67.3 million and $65.7 million, respectively. Accounting for the tax effects of stock-based awards requires the recording of a deferred tax asset as the compensation is recognized for financial reporting prior to recognizing the tax deductions. Upon the settlement of the stock-based awards (i.e., exercise, vesting, forfeiture or cancellation), the actual tax deduction is compared with the cumulative financial reporting compensation cost, and any excess tax deduction is considered an excess tax benefit. In 2016, the excess tax benefits were tracked in a “windfall tax benefit pool” to offset any future tax deduction shortfalls and were recorded as increases to additional paid-in capital in the period when the tax deduction reduced income taxes payable. Historically, the Company has followed the with-and-without approach for the direct effects or excess tax deductions to determine the timing of the recognition of benefits for excess tax deductions. In 2016, the Company recorded excess tax benefits to additional paid-in capital of $2.3 million.

On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, referred to herein as ASU 2016-09, and recorded, using the modified retrospective approach, a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of a credit of $4.9 million to record $6.8 million of previously unrecognized windfall tax benefits, partially offset by $1.9 million for the accounting policy election to account for forfeitures in compensation cost when they occurred. The Company recorded $2.7 million to additional paid-in capital for the differential between the amount of compensation cost previously recorded and the amount that would have been recorded without assuming forfeitures, partially offset by its tax effect of $0.8 million recorded to deferred tax assets. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company, on a prospective basis, records the recognition of excess tax benefits and deficits in its provision from income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations and treats those amounts as discrete items in the period in which they occur. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company recorded a net tax benefit of $16.0 million and $7.3 million related to excess tax benefits.

The Company has provided liabilities for uncertain tax positions in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

These uncertain tax positions would impact the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes or unrecognized tax benefits as a component of its income tax provision. The Company recognized $42,000, $50,000 and $43,000 of interest expense during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Authorized Shares — Pursuant to the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 150 million shares of common stock and 5 million shares of undesignated preferred stock, each $0.01 par value per share.

Common Stock Reserved — As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company reserved shares of common stock for the exercise of stock options and restricted stock units of 8.8 million and 7.9 million, respectively.

On February 23, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a three-year capital return plan intended to return up to $700 million to stockholders through a combination of share repurchases and dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.30 per share in each of the four quarters, totaling $62.2 million. The Company’s Board of Directors will continue to review this capital return plan for potential modifications based on the Company’s financial performance, business outlook and other considerations. The timing and number of shares to be repurchased and/or the amount of cash dividends to be paid to the Company’s stockholders pursuant to the capital return plan will depend upon prevailing market conditions and other factors. Additionally, the Company’s credit facility contains certain financial and operating covenants that may restrict its ability to pay dividends in the future.

The Company paid cash dividends per share during the periods presented as follows:

During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company repurchased 443,159, 626,154 and 2,531,877 shares of its common stock at an average price of $57.27, $110.56 and $98.32 per share, respectively, for a total cost of $25.4 million, $69.2 million and $248.9 million, respectively.

The Company’s 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, referred to herein as the 2009 Plan, is administered by the Board of Directors and Compensation Committee, which have the authority to designate participants and determine the number and type of awards to be granted and any other terms or conditions of the awards. The Company awards restricted stock units as its principal equity incentive award. Restricted stock units with time-based vesting conditions generally vest over a three-year period while restricted stock units with market-based or performance-based vesting conditions generally vest over two- or three-year periods. Until 2012, the Company generally granted stock options as the principal equity incentive award. Options generally vested over a four-year period and expire ten years from the date of grant. Certain stock-based awards provide for accelerated vesting if the Company experiences a change in control.

Effective on January 31, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the Company’s 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, which increased the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the plan by an additional 4.5 million shares and extended the term of the plan to December 5, 2026. As of December 31, 2018, 7.9 million shares remained available for grant under the 2009 Plan.

The Company generally issues previously unissued shares of common stock for the exercise of stock options and restricted stock units. The Company received $11.8 million, $6.5 million and $3.8 million in cash from stock option exercises during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

The following table summarizes stock option activity (shares and intrinsic value in thousands):

The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the positive differences between the fair value of the Company’s common stock of $114.50 and $81.57 per share on December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, or at time of exercise, and the exercise price of the options.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted the following restricted stock unit awards (in thousands):

The fair value of the TSR Units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model including assumptions used (but not limited to) a risk-free interest rate, an expected volatility and an expected dividend yield as follows:

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity, including performance-based and market-based units (shares in thousands):

As of December 31, 2018, 154,063 TSR Units and 63,955 restricted stock units with performance-based vesting conditions were outstanding.

The Company recognizes stock compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the restricted stock unit, which is generally three years. Compensation cost for TSR Units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and is recognized, regardless of the actual number of awards that are earned, based on the level of achievement of the market-based vesting condition.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $102 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock awards which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

Operating Leases — As of December 31, 2018, the Company had operating lease agreements for offices in the United States, Hungary, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Israel, India, Canada, Brazil, Guatemala, and Mexico that expire at various dates through 2030.

Rent expense under all leases was $11.8 million, $21.5 million and $22.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis for leases with scheduled escalation clauses or free rent periods.

The Company also enters into hosting services agreements with third-party data centers and internet service providers that are subject to annual renewal. Hosting fees incurred under these arrangements totaled $10.0 million, $34.4 million and $40.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

The Company is currently assessing the impact of the FASB’s new lease standard, ASU 2016-02, on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, as described further in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The total commitment for non-cancelable operating leases was $153.7 million as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Litigation — The Company routinely assesses its current litigation and/or threatened litigation as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability, and records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where the Company assesses the likelihood of loss as probable.

On August 20, 2018, a securities class action lawsuit (the “Securities Class Action”) was initiated by purported stockholders of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against the Company and certain of its officers, entitled Wasson v. LogMeIn, Inc. et al., (Case No. 2:18-cv-07285). On November 6, 2018 the case was transferred to the District of Massachusetts (Case No. 1:18-cv-12330). The lawsuit asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 based on alleged misstatements or omissions concerning renewal rates for the Company’s subscription contracts. The Company believes the lawsuit lacks merit and intends to defend it vigorously.

On January 30, 2019, a derivative action (the “Derivative Action”) was filed in the District of Massachusetts against LogMeIn’s Board of Directors, entitled Schlagel v. Wagner et al. (Case No. 1:19-cv-10204) alleging breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and violation of Sections 10(b) and 14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 related to the same allegations as the Securities Class Action. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, fees and costs. The Company intends to defend the lawsuit vigorously.

Given the inherent unpredictability of litigation and the fact that the Securities Class Action and the Derivative Action are still in early stages, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these actions or reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of loss associated with them at this time.

The Company is from time to time subject to various other legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these other claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these other legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results of operations or financial condition.

On January 1, 2007, the Company established a defined contribution savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan is available to all employees upon employment and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre-tax basis. On July 1, 2016, the Company implemented a 401(k) Employer Match program in which all employees who are making eligible 401(k) contributions will receive an employer match in which the Company contributes 50% of the amount contributed by the employee, up to a maximum of 6% of the employee’s earnings. The match vests over three years beginning from an employee’s hire date anniversary at 33.3% per year. Employees who joined the Company on or before July 1, 2013 were immediately 100% vested in their match as of the program launch date. The Company made matching contributions of $0.8 million, $4.7 million and $5.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments and changes in unrealized losses and gains (net of tax) on marketable securities. The Company has determined that the undistributed earnings of all of its foreign subsidiaries, except for 100% of the current and prior year earnings and foreign currency translation adjustments related to those earnings, will continue to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States for any additional outside basis differences inherent in these entities. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reported as a component of stockholders’ equity and, as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, was comprised of cumulative translation adjustment gains of $15.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively. There were no material reclassifications to earnings in the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2018.

On February 18, 2015, the Company entered into a multi-currency credit agreement with a syndicate of banks, financial institutions and other lending entities (the “Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which a secured revolving credit facility was made available to the Company. On January 22, 2016, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement, pursuant to which the Company exercised its option to increase the credit facility to up to $150 million in the aggregate with the existing lenders and an additional lender.

On February 1, 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, or the Amended Credit Agreement, which increased the Company’s secured revolving credit facility from $150 million to $400 million in the aggregate and permits the Company to increase the revolving credit facility and/or enter into one or more tranches of term loans up to an additional $200 million. On March 23, 2018, the Company entered into a borrower accession agreement with its wholly-owned subsidiary, LogMeIn USA, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. acting in its capacity as administrative agent, pursuant to which LogMeIn USA, Inc. became a borrower under the Company’s existing multi-currency Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

The credit facility matures February 1, 2022. The Company may prepay the loans or terminate or reduce the commitments in whole or in part at any time, without premium or penalty. The Company and its subsidiaries expect to use the credit facility for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the potential acquisition of complementary products or businesses, share repurchases, as well as for working capital. On April 2, 2018, the Company borrowed $200.0 million under the Amended Credit Agreement to partially fund the acquisition of Jive, described further in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company had an outstanding debt balance of $200.0 million as of December 31, 2018.

Loans under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates which reset every 30 to 180 days depending on the rate and period selected by the Company, as described below. As of December 31, 2018, the annual rate on the $200.0 million outstanding debt balance was 3.688%, which reset to 3.813% on January 10, 2019. The average interest rate on borrowings outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2018 was 3.4%. The quarterly commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the credit facility ranges from 0.15% to 0.30% per annum, based upon the Company’s total leverage ratio.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, incur indebtedness, grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, change the nature of its business, make investments and acquisitions, pay dividends or make distributions, or enter into certain transactions with affiliates, in each case subject to customary and other exceptions for a credit facility of this size and type, each as further described in the Amended Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2018, the Amended Credit Agreement also required the Company to maintain a maximum total leverage ratio (not greater than 4.00:1.00), a minimum interest coverage ratio (not less than 3.00:1.00), and a maximum senior secured leverage ratio (not greater than 3.00:1.00), each as further defined in the Amended Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all financial and operating covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement.

Any failure to comply with the financial or operating covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement would prevent the Company from being able to borrow additional funds, and would constitute a default, permitting the lenders to, among other things, accelerate the amounts outstanding, including all accrued interest and unpaid fees, under the credit facility and to terminate the credit facility.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company had $2.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of origination costs recorded in other assets. The Company presents debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizes the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the credit facility.

On February 14, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.325 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable on March 12, 2019 to stockholders of record as of February 25, 2019.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2017			June 30, 2017		September 30, 2017		December 31, 2017		March 31, 2018		June 30, 2018		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands, except for per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue	$	187,458		$	257,025	$	269,267	$	276,036	$	279,217	$	305,650	$	308,927	$	310,198
Gross profit		148,519			203,789		213,662		220,613		216,275		232,817		236,074		237,345
Income (loss) from operations		(34,182	)		293		7,161		14,911		42,328		7,101		17,104		19,490
Net income (loss)		(18,564	)		14,846		9,920		93,321		29,712		6,554		12,717		25,388
Net income (loss) per share- basic	$	(0.43	)	$	0.28	$	0.19	$	1.77	$	0.57	$	0.13	$	0.25	$	0.50
Net income (loss) per share- diluted	$	(0.43	)	$	0.28	$	0.19	$	1.74	$	0.56	$	0.12	$	0.24	$	0.49

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive and financial officers, we assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO.

Management's assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting did not include the acquisition of Jive Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries, consummated during fiscal year 2018. In accordance with SEC guidance regarding the reporting of internal control over financial reporting in connection with an acquisition, management may omit an assessment of an acquired business' internal control over financial reporting from management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting for a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition. Jive Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries, is included in the Company's 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements and represents less than 1% of total assets as of December 31, 2018 and 6.5% of revenue for the year then ended.

Based on this assessment, our management concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the specified criteria.

The Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.

Other than the foregoing, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of LogMeIn, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated February 21, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included explanatory paragraphs related to the adoption of new accounting standards.

As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Jive Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries (“Jive”), which was acquired on April 3, 2018. Jive constitutes less than 1% of total assets and 6.5% of total revenue of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Jive.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information in our proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2018.

We have adopted a code of ethics, called the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which applies to our officers, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, and our directors and employees. We have posted the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website at https://secure.logmein.com/ under the “Investors” section. We intend to make all required disclosures concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website.

See Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated into this item by reference.

No financial statement schedules have been submitted because they are not required or are not applicable or because the information required is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the notes thereto.

The exhibits listed in this Exhibit Index are filed (other than exhibits 32.1 and 32.2) as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Delaware	20-1515952
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

320 Summer Street Boston, Massachusetts	02210
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Title of Each Class		Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value		NASDAQ Global Select Market

Large accelerated filer ☑	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

		Page Number
	PART I
ITEM 1.	Business	2
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	11
ITEM 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	27
ITEM 2.	Properties	27
ITEM 3.	Legal Proceedings	27
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27

	PART II
ITEM 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
ITEM 6.	Selected Financial Data	30
ITEM 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
ITEM 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
ITEM 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	50
ITEM 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	83
ITEM 9A.	Controls and Procedures	83
ITEM 9B.	Other Information	86

	PART III
ITEM 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	86
ITEM 11.	Executive Compensation	86
ITEM 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	86
ITEM 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	86
ITEM 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	86

	PART IV
ITEM 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	87
ITEM 16.	Form 10-K Summary	90
SIGNATURES		91

	LogMeIn Central is a web-based management console that helps IT professionals access, manage and monitor remote computers, deploy software updates and patches, automate IT tasks and run hundreds of versions of antivirus software. LogMeIn Central is offered as a premium service with multiple pricing tiers based on the number of computers supported and desired features.
	GoToMyPC enables mobile workstyles by providing secure, remote access to a PC or Mac from virtually any Internet-connected computer, as well as from supported iOS or Android mobile devices, such as an iPad, iPhone, Kindle Fire and Samsung Galaxy. GoToMyPC sets up easily with a secure encrypted connection and enables individuals to remotely use any resources hosted on their desktop just as though they were sitting in front of it.
	LogMeIn Pro is our premium remote access service that provides secure access to a remote computer’s cloud and/or locally stored files or other Internet-connected devices such as point-of-sale systems or kiosks, from any other Internet-connected computer or iOS or Android-based smartphones or tablets. Once a LogMeIn Pro host is installed on a device, a user can quickly and easily access that device’s desktop, files, applications and network resources remotely from their other Internet-enabled devices. LogMeIn Pro can be rapidly deployed and installed without the need for IT expertise. Users typically engage in a free trial prior to purchase.
	LastPass is a market leading password management and single sign on, or SSO, solution that gives individuals, business teams and enterprises the ability to securely store, create and access the user identity and login credentials for thousands of online applications and websites. Available online, in a desktop application and via iOS and Android mobile apps, LastPass is offered in free, premium and enterprise versions and runs on today’s most popular browsers, devices and operating systems.

	Approximate Square Footage
	Owned		Leased
	(In thousands)
Americas		160		521
EMEA (Europe, Middle East)		—		231
Asia-Pacific		—		79
		160		831

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs⁽¹⁾		Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs⁽¹⁾
October 1, 2018 — October 31, 2018		247,951	$	82.87		247,951	$	331,162,614
November 1, 2018 — November 30, 2018		216,156	$	86.73		216,156	$	297,113,368	⁽²⁾
December 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018		202,664	$	83.73		202,664	$	280,144,539
Total		666,771	$	84.38		666,771

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018
	(In thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities	$	201,169	$	208,427	$	196,466	$	252,402	$	148,652
Total assets		317,849		455,699		443,293		3,858,108		3,935,953
Deferred revenue, including long-term portion		105,250		136,989		162,253		347,305		379,298
Long-term debt		—		60,000		30,000		—		200,000
Total liabilities		144,005		247,888		247,177		694,367		961,265
Total equity		173,844		207,811		196,116		3,163,741		2,974,688

	Payments Due by Period (in thousands)⁽¹⁾
	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		4-5 Years		More Than 5 Years
Operating and capital lease obligations	$	153,742	$	23,969	$	46,332	$	35,151	$	48,290
Credit facility		200,000		—		—		200,000		—
Other purchase obligations		44,950		33,254		11,696		—		—
Total	$	398,692	$	57,223	$	58,028	$	235,151	$	48,290

	December 31,
Currency Hedged	2017		2018
Euro / Canadian Dollar	$	556	$	537
Euro / U.S. Dollar		4,208		5,203
Euro / British Pound		5,926		3,809
British Pound / U.S. Dollar		—		563
Israeli Shekel / Hungarian Forint		8,008		—
U.S. Dollar / Canadian Dollar		—		4,504
Total	$	18,698	$	14,616

	Page(s)
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM	51
Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets	52
Consolidated Statements of Operations	53
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	54
Consolidated Statements of Equity	55
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	56
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	57

	December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Adjustments			Balance Without Adoption of ASC 606
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	83,887	$	(33,675	)	$	50,212
Other assets		41,545		(31,181	)		10,364
Liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities	$	201,212	$	(15,429	)	$	185,783
Equity
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	$	84,043	$	(49,427	)	$	34,616

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported			Adjustments			Balance Without Adoption of ASC 606
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Sales and marketing	$	382,997		$	37,734		$	420,731
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes	$	(6,425	)	$	9,016		$	2,591
Net income (loss)	$	74,371		$	(28,718	)	$	45,653
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	1.44		$	(0.55	)	$	0.88
Diluted	$	1.42		$	(0.55	)	$	0.87

	Deferred Revenue
	Current		Non- Current		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	340,570	$	6,735	$	347,305
Increase (decrease), net		29,210		2,783		31,993
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	369,780	$	9,518	$	379,298

Buildings		30 years
Site and building improvements		5 — 10 years
Computer equipment		2 — 3 years
Software		2 — 5 years
Office equipment		3 years
Furniture and fixtures		5 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

	Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets (liabilities):
Cash equivalents	$	148,120	$	10,000	$	—	$	158,120
Forward contracts ($18.7 million notional amount)	$	—	$	29	$	—	$	29

Cash	$	2,571
Accounts receivable		11,986
Property and equipment		2,492
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,511
Other assets		2,255
Intangible assets:
Completed technology (9 years) ⁽¹⁾		35,200
Customer relationships (10 years) ⁽¹⁾		117,500
Trade name (2 years)		900
Deferred revenue		(5,498	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ⁽¹⁾		(7,685	)
Deferred tax liabilities, net ⁽¹⁾		(25,223	)
Goodwill ⁽¹⁾		207,634
Total purchase consideration		344,643
Less: cash acquired		(2,571	)
Total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired	$	342,072

	Years Ended December 31,
	(unaudited)
	2017		2018
Pro forma revenue	$	1,067.7	$	1,227.9
Pro forma net income (loss)	$	68.7	$	65.0
Pro forma net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	1.36	$	1.26
Diluted	$	1.34	$	1.24
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		50.4		51.8
Diluted		51.5		52.5

Purchase consideration:
Company common shares issued ⁽¹⁾	$	2,904,487
Restricted stock units issued ⁽²⁾		16,692
Cash consideration paid ⁽³⁾		3,317
Total purchase consideration	$	2,924,496
Estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		24,215
Accounts receivable		48,957
Property and equipment		59,715
Prepaid expense and other current assets		21,824
Other assets		4,448
Intangible assets (weighted average useful life): ⁽⁴⁾
Completed technology (9 years)		385,600
Customer relationships (8 years)		756,700
Tradenames and trademark (9 years)		65,100
Accounts payable		(11,030	)
Accrued liabilities		(26,886	)
Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent		(82,643	)
Other long-term liabilities		(996	)
Deferred tax liabilities, net		(379,871	)
Goodwill	$	2,059,363

Balance, January 1, 2017	$	121,760
Goodwill related to the Merger		2,059,363
Goodwill related to the acquisition of Nanorep		26,933
Foreign currency translation adjustments		669
Balance, December 31, 2017		2,208,725
Goodwill resulting from the divestiture of Xively		(14,000	)
Goodwill related to the acquisition of Jive		207,634
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,969	)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	2,400,390

Amortization Expense (Years Ending December 31)	Amount
2019	$	264,886
2020		218,948
2021		179,070
2022		142,684
2023		112,655
Thereafter		141,745
Total	$	1,059,988

Major Tax Jurisdictions		Open Tax Years
United States (Federal)		2017-2018
United States (State)		2013-2018
Hungary		2014-2018
Ireland		2014-2018

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2018		172		$	30.33		3.7	$	14,520
Granted		—			—		—
Exercised		(126	)		30.42		—	$	7,704
Forfeited		(1	)		39.13		—
Outstanding, December 31, 2018		45		$	29.92		3.3	$	2,364

Type of Award	Number of Restricted Stock Units
Time-based⁽¹⁾		800
Market-based⁽²⁾		95
Total granted		895

	2017 Grants	2018 Grants
Risk-free interest rate	1.43%	2.64% - 2.74%
Volatility	36%	34% - 38%
Dividend yield	0.88%	1.08% - 1.48%

	Number of Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of January 1, 2018		1,689		$	90.91
Restricted stock units granted		895			103.74
Restricted stock units earned⁽¹⁾		57
Restricted stock units vested		(803	)		83.21
Restricted stock units forfeited		(290	)		97.77
Unvested as of December 31, 2018		1,548		$	100.55

Years Ending December 31	Lease Commitments
2019	$	23,969
2020		24,079
2021		22,253
2022		20,165
2023		14,986
Thereafter		48,290
Total	$	153,742

Exhibit Number		Description

2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 7, 2018, by and among the registrant’s wholly-owned subsidiary, LogMeIn USA, Inc., Jazz Merger Sub, Inc., Jive Communications, Inc. and Fortis Advisors LLC, in its capacity as Representative (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on April 3, 2018).**


2.2		Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2017, by and among the Registrant, LogMeIn, Kft., Nanorep Technologies Ltd., the Shareholders set forth on Exhibit A thereto and Shareholders Representative Services LLC in its capacity as representative of the Shareholders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on August 1, 2017).**

2.3		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 26, 2016, by and among the Registrant, Lithium Merger Sub, Inc., Citrix Systems, Inc. and GetGo, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed by the Registrant on July 28, 2016).**

2.4		Amendment No. 1, dated as of December 8, 2016, to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 26, 2016, by and among the Registrant, Lithium Merger Sub, Inc., Citrix Systems, Inc. and GetGo, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed by the Registrant on December 13, 2016).

2.5		Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2016, by and among the Registrant, Citrix Systems, Inc. and GetGo, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by the Registrant on September 16, 2016).

2.6		Transition Services Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2017, by and among the Registrant, Citrix Systems, Inc. and GetGo, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on February 1, 2017).

2.7		Stock Purchase Agreement, dated October 8, 2015, by and among the Registrant, Marvasol, Inc. (d/b/a “LastPass”), the Stockholders set forth on Exhibit A thereto and Joseph Siegrist in his capacity as the representative of the Stockholders, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on October 16, 2015).

3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed by the Registrant on June 16, 2009).

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on January 25, 2017).

3.3		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by the Registrant on September 16, 2016).

4.1		Specimen Certificate evidencing shares of common stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed by the Registrant on June 16, 2009).

10.1		Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 filed by the Registrant on February 28, 2011).

10.2		Form of Management Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed by the Registrant on June 16, 2009).

10.3		Form of Management Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed by the Registrant on June 16, 2009).

Exhibit Number		Description

10.4		Form of Director Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed by the Registrant on June 16, 2009).

10.5		Lease Agreement, dated April 11, 2012, between Lincoln Summer Street Venture, LLC and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 filed by the Registrant on April 26, 2012).

10.6		Lease Agreement, dated December 19, 2014, between DWF III Synergy, LLC and the Registrant, as assigned to ASB Summer Street Venture, LLC on February 2, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 filed by the Registrant on February 20, 2015).

10.7		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 filed by the Registrant on July 26, 2012).

10.8		Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on June 24, 2013).

10.9		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-based Vesting) under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on August 20, 2013).

10.10		Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2017, by and among LogMeIn, Inc., each of the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and RBC Capital Markets, as Joint Bookrunners, Lead Arrangers, and Syndication Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on February 1, 2017).

10.11		Borrower Accession Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2017, among the Registrant, LogMeIn Ireland Holding Company Limited and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on August 10, 2017).

10.12		Borrower Accession Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2018, among the Registrant, LogMeIn USA, Inc., and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on March 23, 2018).

10.13		Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Registrant on January 25, 2017).

10.14		Separation Agreement, dated July 23, 2018, by and between the Registrant and Christopher Battles (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 filed by the Registrant on October 26, 2018).

21.1*		Subsidiaries of the Registrant

23.1*		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		The following materials from LogMeIn, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

LOGMEIN, INC.

By:	/s/ William R. Wagner
	William R. Wagner
	President & Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

Signature	Title	Date

/s/ WILLIAM R. WAGNER	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director	February 21, 2019
William R. Wagner	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ EDWARD K. HERDIECH	Chief Financial Officer	February 21, 2019
Edward K. Herdiech	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ SARA C. ANDREWS	Director	February 21, 2019
Sara C. Andrews

/s/ STEVEN J. BENSON	Director	February 21, 2019
Steven J. Benson

/s/ ITA M. BRENNAN	Director	February 21, 2019
Ita M. Brennan

/s/ ROBERT M. CALDERONI	Director	February 21, 2019
Robert M. Calderoni

/s/ MICHAEL J. CHRISTENSON	Director	February 21, 2019
Michael J. Christenson

/s/ EDWIN J. GILLIS	Director	February 21, 2019
Edwin J. Gillis

/s/ DAVID J. HENSHALL	Director	February 21, 2019
David J. Henshall

/s/ PETER J. SACRIPANTI	Director	February 21, 2019
Peter J. Sacripanti

/s/ MICHAEL K. SIMON	Director	February 21, 2019
Michael K. Simon