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Note 7 - Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Notes to Financial Statements  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
7.
Income taxes
 
The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to United States federal and state and non-United States income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2007.
 
Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are classified as current or noncurrent based on the financial statement classification of the related asset or liability giving rise to the temporary difference. For those deferred tax assets or liabilities (such as the tax effect of the net operating loss carryforwards) which do not relate to a financial statement asset or liability, the classification is based on the expected reversal date of the temporary difference.
 
The income tax provision (benefit) from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Current:
               
Federal
  $ -     $ -  
State
    -       -  
Foreign
    -       -  
      -       -  
Deferred:
               
Federal
    (1,605,319 )     (2,198,311 )
State
    (176,377 )     (241,530 )
Foreign
    2,419       9,532  
Deferred Tax True Up
    1,803,402       -  
Change in valuation allowance
    (24,125 )     2,430,309  
    $ -     $ -  
 
 
 
The income tax provision (benefit) amounts differ from the amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate of 35% to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations as a result of the following for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
                 
Tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate
  $ (1,683,600 )   $ (2,090,928 )
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
               
State income taxes (benefit), net of federal benefit
    (119,778 )     (148,758 )
Non-deductible gain on warrant valuation adjustment
    (19,895 )     (156,011 )
Income from foreign subsidiaries
    12,330       16,615  
Deferred tax true up
    1,803,402       -  
Change in valuation allowance - United States
    (24,125 )     2,439,841  
Other
    31,666       (60,759 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
  $ -     $ -  
 
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Deferred tax assets:
               
Net operating loss carryforwards
  $ 26,451,449     $ 24,919,846  
Net operating loss carryforwards - foreign
    127,578       129,997  
Excess of tax basis over book value of
property and equipment
    20,158       20,685  
Excess of tax basis over book value
of intangible assets
    443,597       439,569  
Stock-based compensation
    1,834,172       3,447,183  
Accrued employee compensation
    90,442       37,736  
Captialized equity costs
    75,471       75,471  
Inventory reserve
    35,156       31,661  
      29,078,023       29,102,148  
Valuation allowance
    (29,078,023 )     (29,102,148 )
Net deferred tax assets
  $ -     $ -  
 
During 2015, the Company undertook a detailed review of the Company's deferred taxes and it was determined that some reclassifications and adjustments were needed for stock-based compensation. All adjustments were offset by changes to the Company's valuation allowance and have been reflected in the 2015 year end balances noted above.
 
The Company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards could be limited and subject to annual limitations. In connection with future offerings, the Company may realize a “more than 50% change in ownership” which could further limit its ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards accumulated to date to reduce future taxable income and tax liabilities. Additionally, because United States tax laws limit the time during which net operating loss carryforwards may be applied against future taxable income and tax liabilities, the Company may not be able to take advantage of all or portions of its net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes.
 
 
The federal net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2015 will expire as follows:
 
Years ending December 31,
 
Amount
 
         
2025
  $ 1,376,740  
2026
    7,291,084  
2027
    12,280,771  
2028
    6,922,963  
2029
    4,816,700  
2030
    7,667,557  
2031
    8,816,976  
2032
    4,768,716  
2033
    5,413,661  
2034
    6,663,638  
2035
    4,077,996  
Total
  $ 70,096,802