2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hillenbrand and its subsidiaries, including Coperion Capital GmbH (“Coperion”), which was acquired in December 2012. The acquisition of Coperion included a few small subsidiaries where Coperion’s ownership percentage was less than 100%. The portion of the business that is not owned by the Company is presented as noncontrolling interests within equity in the balance sheets. Income attributable to the noncontrolling interests is separately reported within the income statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2013 presentation.

Use of estimates — We prepared the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign currency translation — The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for operating results. Unrealized translation gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. When a transaction is denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency, we recognize a transaction gain or loss in “other income (expense), net” when the transaction is settled.

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates their fair value.

Trade receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and generally do not bear interest, unless they become past due. The allowance for doubtful accounts is a best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses and collection risk in the existing accounts receivable portfolio. The allowance for cash discounts and sales returns reserve are based upon historical experience and trends. Account balances are charged against the allowance when we believe it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. We generally hold trade accounts receivable until they are paid. At September 30, 2013 and 2012, we had reserves against trade receivables of $19.3 and $16.5.

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventory costs are determined by the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method for approximately 25% and 48% of inventories at September 30, 2013 and 2012. Costs of remaining inventories have been determined principally by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. If the FIFO method of inventory accounting, which approximates current cost, had been used for all inventories, they would have been approximately $13.7 and $13.8 higher than reported at September 30, 2013 and 2012.

	September 30,
	2013		2012
Raw materials and components	$	58.3	$	39.1
Work in process	74.8		13.9
Finished goods	44.4		37.0
Total inventories	$	177.5	$	90.0

Property, plant, and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using principally the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of six to 40 years for buildings and improvements and three to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Upon disposal or retirement, the cost and accumulated depreciation of assets are eliminated. Any gain or loss is reflected in the Company’s income from operations. We review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash flows relating to the asset are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its fair value. Total depreciation expense for 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $25.3, $18.7, and $19.1.

	September 30, 2013					September 30, 2012
	Cost		Accumulated Depreciation			Cost		Accumulated Depreciation
Land and land improvements	$	17.0	$	(3.5	)	$	16.8	$	(3.5	)
Buildings and building equipment	101.8		(57.6		)	92.5		(55.5		)
Machinery and equipment	316.8		(202.6		)	272.5		(204.9		)
Total	$	435.6	$	(263.7	)	$	381.8	$	(263.9	)

Intangible assets are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. With the exception of trade names, intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from three to 22 years, representing the period over which we expect to receive future economic benefits from these assets. We assess the carrying value of trade names annually, or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be impairment. Total amortization expense for 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $64.1, $21.7, and $17.0. Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the next five years is: $31.4 in 2014, $29.5 in 2015, $26.7 in 2016, $26.0 in 2017, and $25.4 in 2018.

	September 30, 2013					September 30, 2012
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Cost		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived assets:
Trade names	$	6.1	$	(5.9	)	$	6.1	$	(5.6	)
Customer relationships	405.1		(45.1		)	240.8		(25.5		)
Technology, including patents	70.6		(16.3		)	24.6		(9.1		)
Software	41.3		(31.9		)	34.7		(28.8		)
Other	0.6		(0.4		)	0.6		(0.4		)
	523.7		(99.6		)	306.8		(69.4		)
Indefinite-lived assets:
Trade names	134.5		—			76.5		—

Total	$	658.2	$	(99.6	)	$	383.3	$	(69.4	)

Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. Goodwill has been assigned to reporting units. We assess the carrying value of goodwill annually, or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be impairment. Impairment testing is performed at a reporting unit level.

	Process Equipment Group			Batesville		Total

Balance September 30, 2011	$	294.3		$	5.7	$	300.0
Adjustments	6.4			—		6.4
Foreign currency adjustments	(2.7		)	—		(2.7		)
Balance September 30, 2012	298.0			5.7		303.7
Acquisitions	267.8			2.6		270.4
Foreign currency adjustments	11.7			—		11.7
Balance September 30, 2013	$	577.5		$	8.3	$	585.8

Investments — Our investment portfolio consists of investments in private equity limited partnerships and common stock with a carrying value of $11.3 and $15.8 at September 30, 2013 and 2012. Investments are included in other assets on the balance sheets. We use the equity method of accounting for substantially all private equity limited partnerships, with earnings or losses reported in “other income (expense), net” in the income statements. Certain of these investments require commitments by us to provide additional funding of up to $3.0. The timing of this funding is uncertain, but is expected to occur over the next three to five years.

We regularly evaluate all investments for possible impairment.

Environmental liabilities — Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations which do not contribute to current or future revenue generation are expensed. A reserve is established when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These reserves are determined without consideration of possible loss recoveries. Based on consultations with an environmental engineer, the range of liability is estimated based on current interpretations of environmental laws and regulations. A determination is made of the specific measures that are believed to be required to remediate the site, the estimated total cost to carry out the remediation plan, and the periods in which we will make payments toward the remediation plan. We do not make an estimate of inflation for environmental matters because the number of sites is small, the magnitude of costs to execute remediation plans is not significant, and the estimated time frames to remediate sites are not believed to be lengthy.

Specific costs included in environmental expense and reserves include site assessment, remediation plan development, clean-up costs, post-remediation expenditures, monitoring, fines, penalties, and legal fees. The amount reserved represents the expected undiscounted future cash outflows associated with such plans and actions and is not significant to Hillenbrand.

Self-insurance — We are self-insured up to certain limits for product and general liability, workers compensation, and auto liability insurance programs, as well as certain employee health benefits including medical, drug, and dental. These policies have deductibles and self-insured retentions ranging from $0.5 to $1.0 per occurrence, depending upon the type of coverage and policy period. Our policy is to estimate reserves based upon a number of factors, including known claims, estimated incurred but not reported claims, and outside actuarial analysis. The outside actuarial analysis is based on historical information along with certain assumptions about future events. These reserves are classified as other current and other long-term liabilities within the balance sheets.

Treasury stock consists of our common shares that have been issued, but subsequently reacquired. We account for treasury stock purchases under the cost method. When these shares are reissued, we use an average-cost method to determine cost. Proceeds in excess of cost are credited to additional paid-in capital.

On July 24, 2008, our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $100.0 of common stock. The program has no expiration date, but may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. As of September 30, 2013, we had repurchased approximately 1,200,000 shares for $22.5, which were classified as treasury stock. During 2013 and 2012, no shares were repurchased. In 2013 and 2012, approximately 400,000 shares and 300,000 shares were issued from treasury stock under our stock compensation programs. At September 30, 2013, we had $77.5 remaining for share repurchases under the existing Board authorization.

Preferred stock — The Company has authorized 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock (no par value), of which no shares were issued at September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss included all changes in Hillenbrand shareholders’ equity during a period except those that resulted from investments by or distributions to our shareholders.

	September 30,
	2013			2012
Currency translation	$	31.4		$	16.2
Pension and postretirement (net of taxes of $19.7 and $34.9)	(33.0		)	(58.5		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of taxes of $0.1 and $0.1)	0.2			(0.3		)
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities (net of taxes of $0.0 and $0.1)	—			0.2
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1.4	)	$	(42.4	)

Revenue recognition — Net revenue includes gross revenue less sales discounts, customer rebates, sales incentives, and product returns, all of which require us to make estimates for the portion of these allowances that have yet to be credited or paid to our customers. We estimate these allowances based upon historical rates and projections of customer purchases toward contractual rebate thresholds.

Following the acquisition of Coperion, a portion of Hillenbrand’s revenue is derived from long-term manufacturing contracts. The majority of this revenue is recognized based on the percentage-of-completion method. Under this method, revenue is recognized based upon the costs incurred to date as compared to the total estimated project costs. Approximately 25% of Hillenbrand’s revenue was attributable to these long-term manufacturing contracts for 2013.

Accounting for these contracts involves management judgment in estimating total contract revenue and cost. Contract revenues are largely determined by negotiated contract prices and quantities, modified by our assumptions regarding contract options, change orders, and incentive and award provisions associated with technical performance clauses. Contract costs are incurred over longer periods of time and, accordingly, the estimation of these costs requires management judgment. Cost estimates are largely based on negotiated or estimated purchase contract terms, historical performance trends, and other economic projections. Significant factors that influence these estimates include inflationary trends, technical and schedule risk, internal and subcontractor performance trends, business volume assumptions, asset utilization, and anticipated labor agreements. Revenue and cost estimates are regularly monitored and revised based on changes in circumstances. Anticipated losses on long-term contracts are recognized immediately when such losses become evident. We maintain financial controls over the customer qualification, contract pricing, and estimation processes to reduce the risk of contract losses.

Revenue for components, replacement parts, and service is recognized on a completed contract basis when title and risk of loss passes to the customer.

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of purchased material costs, fixed manufacturing expense, variable direct labor, and overhead costs. It also includes costs associated with the distribution and delivery of products.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred as a component of operating expenses and were $12.2, $5.2, and $4.5 for 2013, 2012, and 2011.

Warranty costs — We provide for the estimated warranty cost of a product at the time revenue is recognized. Warranty expense is accrued based upon historical information and may also include specific provisions for known conditions. Warranty obligations are affected by actual product performance and by material usage and service costs incurred in making product corrections. Our warranty provision takes into account the best estimate of amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims on products sold. The Process Equipment Group generally offers a one to two-year warranty on a majority of its products. It engages in extensive product quality programs and processes in an effort to minimize warranty obligations, including active monitoring and evaluation of the quality of component suppliers. Warranty reserves were $13.2 and $2.7 for 2013 and 2012. Warranty costs were $5.0, $2.6, and $2.4 for 2013, 2012, and 2011.

Income taxes — We establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The majority of the cash at our foreign subsidiaries represents earnings considered to be permanently reinvested for which deferred taxes have not been provided.

We have a variety of deferred income tax assets in numerous tax jurisdictions. The recoverability of these deferred income tax assets is assessed periodically and valuation allowances are recognized if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized. When performing this assessment, we consider future taxable income, the reversal of existing temporary differences, and tax planning strategies. We account for accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Derivative financial instruments — The Company has hedging programs in place to manage its currency exposures. The objectives of our hedging programs are to mitigate exposures in gross margin and non-functional-currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Under these programs, we use derivative financial instruments to manage the economic impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. These include foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which generally have terms from one to 24 months. The aggregate notional amount of these derivative instruments was $165.8 and $46.0 at September 30, 2013 and 2012.

We measure all derivative instruments at fair value and report them on our balance sheets as assets or liabilities. Derivative instruments designated as hedges for customer orders or intercompany purchases have an offsetting tax-adjusted amount in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss). Derivative instruments designated to hedge foreign currency exposures within our balance sheet have an offsetting amount recorded in “other income (expense), net”. The carrying value of all of these contracts at fair value resulted in assets of $1.5 and $0.0 (included in other current assets) and liabilities of $0.5 and $0.4 (included in other current liabilities) at September 30, 2013, and 2012. See Note 12 for additional information on the fair value of our derivative instruments.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives are accounted for depending on the intended use of the derivative, designation of the hedging relationship, and whether or not the criteria to apply hedge accounting has been satisfied. Gains and losses on derivative instruments reported in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) are subsequently included in earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the hedged item. The amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently through earnings were not significant for 2013 and 2012. Net gains and losses on all derivative instruments were substantially offset by foreign exchange effects on the hedged items.

The Company does not enter into derivative contracts on a speculative basis.

Business acquisitions and related business acquisition and transition costs — Assets and liabilities associated with business acquisitions are recorded at fair value, using the acquisition method of accounting. We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions based upon the fair value of each component, which may be derived from observable or unobservable inputs and assumptions. We may utilize third-party valuation specialists to assist us in this allocation. Initial purchase price allocations are preliminary and subject to revision within the measurement period, generally not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition.

Business acquisition and transition costs are expensed as incurred, and are reported as a component of cost of goods sold, operating expenses, interest expense, and “other income (expense), net”. We define these costs to include finder’s fees, advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees, as well as travel associated with the evaluation and effort to acquire specific businesses. Business acquisition and transition costs also include costs associated with acquisition tax planning, retention bonuses, and related integration costs. These costs exclude the ongoing expenses of our business development department and other target evaluation costs.

Restructuring costs may occur when we take action to exit or significantly curtail a part of our operations or change the deployment of assets or personnel. A restructuring charge can consist of an impairment or accelerated depreciation of effected assets, severance costs associated with reductions to the workforce, and charges for legal obligations for which no future benefit will be derived.

Recently adopted accounting standards — In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update titled Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This update eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in equity. An entity can elect to present items of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate consecutive statements. Each component of net income and other comprehensive income, together with totals for comprehensive income and its two parts, net income and other comprehensive income, must be displayed under either alternative. The new disclosure requirements became effective and were adopted as of October 1, 2012. As the new standard relates to presentation only, the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our financial statements.

Recently issued accounting standards — In January 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standards update titled Balance Sheet: Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This standard limits the scope of an accounting standards update titled Balance Sheet, issued in December 2011, to derivatives, repurchase agreements, and securities lending transactions to the extent that they are (1) offset in the financial statements or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The disclosure requirements shall be applied retrospectively for all periods presented and will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2013. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

In February 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standards update titled Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This standard is intended to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income of various components. An entity is required to present significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. The new disclosure requirements will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2013. As the new standard relates to disclosure only, we do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

In March 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard update titled Foreign Currency Matters — Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. This update specifies that a cumulative translation adjustment should be released into earnings when an entity ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a consolidated foreign entity and the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity. The guidance will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2014. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

In April 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard update titled Presentation of Financial Statements — Liquidation Basis of Accounting. This update requires an entity to prepare its financial statements using the liquidation basis of accounting when liquidation is imminent, and will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2014. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

In July 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard update titled Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. The new standard requires the netting of unrecognized tax benefits (“UTBs”) against a deferred tax asset for a loss or other carryforward that would apply in settlement of the uncertain tax positions. Under the new standard, UTBs will be netted against all available same—jurisdiction loss or other tax carryforwards that would be utilized, rather than only against carryforwards that are created by the UTBs. The standard will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2014. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our financial statements.