UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2019.

OR

o    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                TO                

Commission File Number:  001-33807

EchoStar Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	26-1232727
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
100 Inverness Terrace East, Englewood, Colorado	80112-5308
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(303) 706-4000	Not Applicable
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)	(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Title of each class)	(Name of each exchange on which registered)
SATS
(Ticker symbol)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ý  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ý  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one): 

Large accelerated filer ý	Accelerated filer  o	Emerging growth company o
Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o No  ý

As of April 30, 2019, the registrant’s outstanding common stock consisted of 48,031,323 shares of Class A common stock and 47,687,039 shares of Class B common stock, each $0.001 par value.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		i
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 (audited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	54
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	56
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	57
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	57
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	57
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	57
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	57
Item 5.	Other Information	57
Item 6.	Exhibits	58
	Signatures	59

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including but not limited to statements about our estimates, expectations, plans, objectives, strategies, and financial condition, expected impact of regulatory developments and legal proceedings, opportunities in our industries and businesses and other trends and projections for the next fiscal quarter and beyond. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may also be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “predict,” “continue,” “future,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may” and similar terms. These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-Q and represent management’s current views and assumptions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, events or results and involve potential known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which may be beyond our control and may pose a risk to our operating and financial condition. Accordingly, actual performance, events or results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors including, but not limited to: 

• significant risks related to the construction and operation of our satellites, such as the risk of not being able to timely complete the construction of or material malfunction on one or more of our satellites, risks resulting from potentially missing our regulatory milestones, changes in the space weather environment that could interfere with the operation of our satellites and our general lack of commercial insurance coverage on our satellites;

• our reliance on DISH Network Corporation and its subsidiaries for a significant portion of our revenue;

• our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our current satellites and any future satellite we may construct or acquire;

• our ability to implement and/or realize benefits of our domestic and/or international investments, commercial alliances, partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives and transactions;

• risks related to our foreign operations and other uncertainties associated with doing business internationally, including changes in foreign exchange rates between foreign currencies and the United States dollar, economic instability and political disturbances;

• the failure of third-party providers of components, manufacturing, installation services and customer support services to appropriately deliver the contracted goods or services; and

• our ability to bring advanced technologies to market to keep pace with our customers and competitors.

Other factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the caption Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC (collectively referred to as our “Form 10-K”), those discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 7 of our Form 10-K and those discussed in other documents we file with the SEC.

All cautionary statements made herein should be read as being applicable to all forward-looking statements wherever they appear. Investors should consider the risks and uncertainties described herein and should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We do not assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any forward-looking statements. We assume no responsibility for updating forward-looking information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in any documents we file with the SEC, except as required by law.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described herein or in any documents we file with the SEC occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

i

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	As of
	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets	(Unaudited)			(Audited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,349,724		$	928,306
Marketable investment securities, at fair value	1,925,108			2,282,152
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net (Note 3)	216,558			201,096
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network	19,510			14,200
Inventory	76,114			75,379
Prepaids and deposits	66,119			61,177
Other current assets	24,508			18,539
Total current assets	3,677,641			3,580,849
Noncurrent assets:
Property and equipment, net	3,363,404			3,414,908
Operating lease right-of-use assets	115,647			—
Regulatory authorizations, net	494,253			495,654
Goodwill	504,173			504,173
Other intangible assets, net	40,550			44,231
Investments in unconsolidated entities	227,828			262,473
Other receivables - DISH Network	95,889			95,114
Other noncurrent assets, net	259,506			263,892
Total noncurrent assets	5,101,250			5,080,445
Total assets	$	8,778,891		$	8,661,294
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	115,752		$	121,437
Trade accounts payable - DISH Network	2,826			1,698
Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations	953,636			959,577
Contract liabilities	90,180			72,284
Accrued interest	55,552			47,416
Accrued compensation	35,161			54,242
Accrued taxes	17,455			16,013
Accrued expenses and other	75,443			72,470
Total current liabilities	1,346,005			1,345,137
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net	2,563,429			2,573,204
Deferred tax liabilities, net	475,464			465,933
Operating lease liabilities	95,215			—
Other noncurrent liabilities	119,242			121,546
Total noncurrent liabilities	3,253,350			3,160,683
Total liabilities	4,599,355			4,505,820
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 4,000,000,000 shares authorized:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,600,000,000 shares authorized, 54,514,833 shares issued and 48,029,912 shares outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 54,142,566 shares issued and 47,657,645 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018	54			54
Class B convertible common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 47,687,039 shares issued and outstanding at each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	48			48
Class C convertible common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	—			—
Class D common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	3,713,777			3,702,522
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(124,251		)	(125,100		)
Accumulated earnings	709,928			694,129
Treasury stock, at cost	(131,454		)	(131,454		)
Total EchoStar Corporation stockholders’ equity	4,168,102			4,140,199
Other noncontrolling interests	11,434			15,275
Total stockholders’ equity	4,179,536			4,155,474
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	8,778,891		$	8,661,294

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Revenue:
Services and other revenue - DISH Network	$	85,888		$	103,805
Services and other revenue - other	393,480			355,040
Equipment revenue	51,714			42,947
Total revenue	531,082			501,792
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	153,571			148,745
Cost of sales - equipment (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	45,007			39,071
Selling, general and administrative expenses	112,134			103,275
Research and development expenses	6,888			7,137
Depreciation and amortization	154,221			145,554
Total costs and expenses	471,821			443,782
Operating income	59,261			58,010
Other income (expense):
Interest income	24,429			15,635
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(59,882		)	(62,751		)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	6,418			(36,663		)
Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(6,353		)	(1,009		)
Other, net	(685		)	204
Total other expense, net	(36,073		)	(84,584		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	23,188			(26,574		)
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(8,180		)	5,403
Net income (loss)	15,008			(21,171		)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	806			380
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	14,202		$	(21,551	)
Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.15		$	(0.22	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.15		$	(0.22	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	$	15,008		$	(21,171	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	911			8,592
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities and other	487			(532		)
Amounts reclassified to net income:
Realized gains on available-for-sale securities	(549		)	—
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	849			8,060
Comprehensive income (loss)	15,857			(13,111		)
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	806			166
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation	$	15,051		$	(13,277	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019 AND 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Class A and B Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Accumulated Earnings			Treasury Stock			Other Noncontrolling Interests			Total
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	102	$	3,669,461		$	(130,154	)	$	721,316		$	(98,162	)	$	14,822		$	4,177,385
Cumulative effect of accounting changes as of January 1, 2018	—		—			10,467			14,658			—			—			25,125
Balance, January 1, 2018	102		3,669,461			(119,687		)	735,974			(98,162		)	14,822			4,202,510
Issuances of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock options	—		3,456			—			—			—			—			3,456
Employee benefits	—		7,605			—			—			—			—			7,605
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		2,636			—			—			—			—			2,636
Stock-based compensation	—		2,765			—			—			—			—			2,765
R&D tax credits utilized by DISH Network	—		(218		)	—			—			—			—			(218		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—			8,374			—			—			(214		)	8,160
Net income (loss)	—		—			—			(21,551		)	—			380			(21,171		)
Other, net	—		(128		)	(100		)	—			—			—			(228		)
Balance, March 31, 2018	$	102	$	3,685,577		$	(111,413	)	$	714,423		$	(98,162	)	$	14,988		$	4,205,515
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	102	$	3,702,522		$	(125,100	)	$	694,129		$	(131,454	)	$	15,275		$	4,155,474
Issuances of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock options	—		2,046			—			—			—			—			2,046
Employee benefits	—		6,654			—			—			—			—			6,654
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		2,749			—			—			—			—			2,749
Stock-based compensation	—		2,628			—			—			—			—			2,628
R&D tax credits utilized by DISH Network	—		(156		)	—			—			—			—			(156		)
Noncontrolling interest purchase	—		(2,666		)	—			—			—			(4,647		)	(7,313		)
Other comprehensive income	—		—			849			—			—			—			849
Net income	—		—			—			14,202			—			806			15,008
Other, net	—		—			—			1,597			—			—			1,597
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	102	$	3,713,777		$	(124,251	)	$	709,928		$	(131,454	)	$	11,434		$	4,179,536

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	15,008		$	(21,171	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	154,221			145,554
Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	6,353			1,009
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,010			1,936
(Gains) losses on investments, net	(6,418		)	36,673
Stock-based compensation	2,628			2,765
Deferred tax (benefit) provision	6,455			(7,036		)
Changes in current assets and current liabilities, net:
Trade accounts receivable, net	(19,231		)	23,153
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network	(5,310		)	(13,473		)
Inventory	(1,036		)	(2,297		)
Other current assets	(4,024		)	(10,926		)
Trade accounts payable	8,831			(6,471		)
Trade accounts payable - DISH Network	1,128			(1,011		)
Accrued expenses and other	6,854			(2,288		)
Changes in noncurrent assets and noncurrent liabilities, net	5,563			(13,982		)
Other, net	2,914			2,840
Net cash flows from operating activities	175,946			135,275
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable investment securities	(325,557		)	(562,611		)
Sales and maturities of marketable investment securities	712,666			298,596
Expenditures for property and equipment	(111,962		)	(128,506		)
Refunds and other receipts related to property and equipment	—			77,524
Expenditures for externally marketed software	(7,600		)	(7,148		)
Net cash flows from investing activities	267,547			(322,145		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of debt and finance lease obligations	(9,882		)	(9,368		)
Repurchase of debt	(8,046		)	—
Net proceeds from Class A common stock options exercised	2,047			3,481
Net proceeds from Class A common stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	2,749			2,636
Noncontrolling interest purchase	(7,313		)	—
Repayment of in-orbit incentive obligations	(1,573		)	(1,265		)
Other, net	(131		)	(243		)
Net cash flows from financing activities	(22,149		)	(4,759		)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(133		)	(242		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts	421,211			(191,871		)
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, beginning of period	929,495			2,432,249
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, end of period	$	1,350,706		$	2,240,378
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	54,572		$	51,073
Cash paid for income taxes	$	772		$	839

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1.    ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Principal Business

EchoStar Corporation (which, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to as “EchoStar,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and/or “our”) is a holding company that was organized in October 2007 as a corporation under the laws of the State of Nevada and has operated as a separately traded public company from DISH Network Corporation (“DISH”) since 2008. Our Class A common stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SATS.”

We are a global provider of broadband satellite technologies, broadband internet services for home and small office customers, satellite operations and satellite services. We also deliver innovative network technologies, managed services and various communications solutions for aeronautical, enterprise and government customers. We primarily operate in the following two business segments:

• Hughes — which provides broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet services to domestic and international home and small office customers and broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communication solutions to domestic and international consumers and aeronautical, enterprise and government customers. The Hughes segment also designs, provides and installs gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, our Hughes segment designs, develops, constructs and provides telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers.

• EchoStar Satellite Services (“ESS”) — which uses certain of our owned and leased in-orbit satellites and related licenses to provide satellite operations and satellite services on a full-time and/or occasional-use basis primarily to DISH Network Corporation and its subsidiaries (“DISH Network”), our joint venture Dish Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., (“Dish Mexico”), United States (“U.S.”) government service providers, internet service providers, broadcast news organizations, content providers and private enterprise customers.

Our operations also include various corporate departments (primarily Executive, Treasury, Strategic Development, Human Resources, IT, Finance, Real Estate, Accounting and Legal) and other activities that have not been assigned to our operating segments such as costs incurred in certain satellite development programs and other business development activities, and gains or losses from certain of our investments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other in our segment reporting.

During 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with DISH and certain of its subsidiaries. We, and certain of our subsidiaries, received all of the shares of the Hughes Retail Preferred Tracking Stock previously issued by us and one of our subsidiaries (together, the “Tracking Stock”) in exchange for 100% of the equity interests of certain of our subsidiaries that held substantially all of our former EchoStar Technologies businesses and certain other assets (collectively, the “Share Exchange”). Following the consummation of the Share Exchange, we no longer operate our former EchoStar Technologies businesses, the Tracking Stock was retired and is no longer outstanding, and all agreements, arrangements and policy statements with respect to the Tracking Stock terminated. As a result of the Share Exchange, the operating results of the EchoStar Technologies businesses were presented as discontinued operations in our historical consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.

6

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, our results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Principles of Consolidation

We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in variable interest entities where we are the primary beneficiary. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in other entities when we own more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares and other shareholders do not have substantive rights to participate in management. For entities we control but do not wholly own, we record a noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity for the portion of the entity’s equity attributed to the noncontrolling ownership interests. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Leases

We adopted ASU No. 2016-02-Leases (Topic 842), as amended, or ASC 842, as of January 1, 2019. The primary impact of ASC 842 on our consolidated financial statements is the recognition of right-of-use assets and related liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet for operating leases where we are the lessee. We have elected to initially apply the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2019 and we have not restated our consolidated financial statements for prior periods. Consequently, certain amounts reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019 are not comparable to those reported as of December 31, 2018 or earlier dates. Our adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the results of our operations or on our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Under ASC 842, leases are classified either as operating leases or finance leases. The lease classification affects the recognition of lease expense by lessees in the statement of operations. Consistent with prior accounting standards, operating lease expense is included in operating expenses, while finance lease expense is split between depreciation expense and interest expense. ASC 842 does not fundamentally change the lessor accounting model, which requires leases to be classified as operating leases or sales-type leases. Operating lease revenue generally is recognized over the lease term, while sales-type lease revenue is recognized primarily upon lease commencement, except for amounts representing interest on related accounts receivable.

Except for the new requirement to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases where we are the lessee, under our ASC 842 transition method we continue to apply prior accounting standards to leases that commenced prior to 2019. We fully apply ASC 842 requirements only to leases that commenced or were modified on or after January 1, 2019. We elected certain practical expedients under our transition method, including elections to not reassess (i) whether a contract is or contains a lease and (ii) the classification of existing leases. We also elected not to apply hindsight in determining whether optional renewal periods should be included in the lease term, which in some instances may impact the initial measurement of the lease liability and the calculation of straight-line expense over the lease term for operating leases. As a result of our transition elections, there was no change in our recognition of revenue and expense for leases that commenced prior to 2019. In addition, the application of ASC 842 requirements

7

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

to new and modified leases did not materially affect our recognition of revenue or expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Our adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the following adjustments to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018.

	As Reported December 31,2018		Adoption of ASC 842 Increase (Decrease)			Balance January 1, 2019
	(in thousands)
Prepaids and deposits	$	61,177	$	(28	)	$	61,149
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	—	$	120,358		$	120,358
Other noncurrent assets, net	$	263,892	$	(7,272	)	$	256,620
Total assets	$	8,661,294	$	113,058		$	8,774,352
Accrued expenses and other	$	72,470	$	17,453		$	89,923
Operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	100,085		$	100,085
Other noncurrent liabilities	$	121,546	$	(3,871	)	$	117,675
Total liabilities	$	4,505,820	$	113,667		$	4,619,487
Accumulated earnings	$	694,129	$	(609	)	$	693,520
Total stockholders’ equity	$	4,155,474	$	(609	)	$	4,154,865
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	8,661,294	$	113,058		$	8,774,352

Our accounting policies under ASC 842 are summarized below. Additional disclosures required by the new standard are included in Note 4.

Lessee Accounting

We lease real estate, satellite capacity and equipment in the conduct of our business operations. For contracts entered into on or after January 1, 2019, we assess at contract inception whether the contract is, or contains a lease. Generally, we determine that a lease exists when (i) the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (ii) we obtain the right to substantially all economic benefits from use of the asset and (iii) we have the right to direct the use of the asset. A lease is classified as a finance lease when one or more of the following criteria are met: (i) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, (ii) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset, (iv) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset or (v) the asset is of a specialized nature and there is not expected to an alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria.

At the lease commencement date, we recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases, except short-term leases with an original term of 12 months or less. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any prepayments to the lessor and initial direct costs such as brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are periodically reviewed for impairment in accordance with standards that apply to long-lived assets. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using an estimate of our incremental borrowing rate for a collateralized loan with the same term as the underlying lease. The incremental borrowing rates used for the initial measurement of lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 were based on the original lease terms.

Lease payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities consist of (i) fixed lease payments for the noncancelable lease term, (ii) fixed lease payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal option will

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

be exercised, and (iii) variable lease payments that depend on an underlying index or rate, based on the index or rate in effect at lease commencement. Certain of our real estate lease agreements require payments for non-lease costs such as utilities and common area maintenance. We have elected an accounting policy, as permitted by ASC 842, not to account for such payments separately from the related lease payments. Our policy election results in a higher initial measurement of lease liabilities when such non-lease payments are fixed amounts. Certain of our real estate lease agreements require variable lease payments that do not depend on an underlying index or rate, such as sales and value-added taxes and our proportionate share of actual property taxes, insurance and utilities. Such payments and changes in payments based on a rate or index are recognized in operating expenses when incurred.

Lease expense for operating leases consists of the fixed lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term plus variable lease payments as incurred. Lease expense for finance leases consists of the amortization of the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense on the lease liability based on the discount rate at lease commencement. For both operating and finance leases, lease payments are allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense. Amortization of the right-of-use asset for operating leases reflects amortization of the lease liability, any differences between straight-line expense and related lease payments during the accounting period, and any impairments.

Lessor Accounting

We lease satellite capacity, communications equipment and real estate to certain of our customers, including DISH Network. We identify and determine the classification of such leases as operating leases or sales-type leases based on the criteria discussed above for lessees. A lease is classified as a sales-type lease if it meets the above criteria for a finance lease; otherwise it is classified as an operating lease. Some of our leases are embedded in contracts with customers that include non-lease performance obligations. For such contracts, except where we have elected otherwise as discussed below, we allocate consideration in the contract between lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone selling prices. We have elected an accounting policy, as permitted by ASC 842, to not separate the lease of equipment from related services in our HughesNet broadband internet service contracts with consumers. We account for all revenue from such contracts as non-lease service revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Our accounting for revenue from operating leases and sales-type leases was not substantially changed by our adoption of ASC 842. However, we anticipate that certain leases that would have been classified as operating leases under prior accounting standards may be classified as sales-type leases under ASC 842. Operating lease revenue generally is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Sales-type lease revenue and a corresponding receivable generally are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the future lease payments and related interest income on the receivable is recognized over the lease term. Payments under sales-type leases generally are discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which introduces a new approach to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments based on expected losses instead of incurred losses. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting this new accounting standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3.     REVENUE RECOGNITION

Information About Contract Balances

The following table provides information about our contract balances with customers, including amounts for certain embedded leases.

	As of
	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Trade accounts receivable:
Sales and services	$	164,310		$	154,415
Leasing	7,776			7,990
Total	172,086			162,405
Contract assets	58,500			55,295
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(14,028		)	(16,604		)
Total trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	$	216,558		$	201,096
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network:
Sales and services	$	17,252		$	12,274
Leasing	2,258			1,926
Total trade accounts receivable - DISH Network, net	$	19,510		$	14,200
Contract liabilities:
Current	$	90,180		$	72,284
Noncurrent	10,778			10,133
Total contract liabilities	$	100,958		$	82,417

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized revenue of $39 million that was previously included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2018.

Our bad debt expense was $4 million and $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2019, the remaining performance obligations for our customer contracts with original expected durations of more than one year was $1.1 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 36% of our remaining performance obligations of these contracts as revenue in the next twelve months. This amount excludes agreements with consumer customers in our Hughes segment and our leasing arrangements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by segment, primary geographic market, nature of the products and services and transactions with major customers.  See Note 4 for additional information about revenue associated with leases.

Geographic Information

The following table disaggregates revenue from customer contracts attributed to our North America (the U.S and its territories, Mexico and Canada), South and Central America and other foreign locations as well as by segment, based on the location where the goods or services are provided. All other revenue includes transactions with customers in Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, and the Middle East.

	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other			Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
North America	$	367,829	$	81,084	$	4,661		$	453,574
South and Central America	26,863		—		—			26,863
All other	50,645		175		(175		)	50,645
Total revenue	$	445,337	$	81,259	$	4,486		$	531,082
For the three months ended March 31, 2018
North America	$	336,020	$	96,578	$	4,396		$	436,994
South and Central America	24,488		—		—			24,488
All other	40,310		175		(175		)	40,310
Total revenue	$	400,818	$	96,753	$	4,221		$	501,792

Nature of Products and Services

The following table disaggregates revenue based on the nature of products and services and by segment.

	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
Equipment	$	25,960	$	—	$	—	$	25,960
Services	380,783		3,740		1,736		386,259
Design, development and construction services	25,066		—		—		25,066
Revenue from sales and services	431,809		3,740		1,736		437,285
Lease revenue	13,528		77,519		2,750		93,797
Total revenue	$	445,337	$	81,259	$	4,486	$	531,082
For the three months ended March 31, 2018
Equipment	$	26,771	$	—	$	—	$	26,771
Services	313,961		7,403		1,475		322,839
Design, development and construction services	16,176		—		—		16,176
Revenue from sales and services	356,908		7,403		1,475		365,786
Lease revenue	43,910		89,350		2,746		136,006
Total revenue	$	400,818	$	96,753	$	4,221	$	501,792

Effective January 1, 2019, we report revenue from leases of Hughes consumer broadband equipment as services revenue due to our election to not separate lease and non-lease components in consumer broadband service contracts in connection with our adoption of ASC 842 (see Note 2).

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 4.    LEASES

Lessee Disclosures

Our operating leases consist primarily of leases for office space, data centers and satellite ground facilities. We recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for such leases in connection with our adoption of ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 (see Note 2). We report operating lease right-of-use assets in Operating lease right-of-use assets and we report the current and noncurrent portions of our operating lease liabilities in Accrued expenses and other and Operating lease liabilities, respectively. Our finance leases consist primarily of leases of satellite capacity. We report finance lease right-of-use assets in Property and equipment, net and we report the current and noncurrent portions of our finance lease liabilities in Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations and Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively. Our consolidated balance sheet includes the following amounts for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Right-of-use assets:
Operating	$	115,647
Finance	563,350
Total right-of-use assets	$	678,997
Lease liabilities:
Current:
Operating	$	17,453
Finance	41,651
Noncurrent:
Operating	95,215
Finance	177,293
Total lease liabilities	$	331,612

Finance lease assets are reported net of accumulated amortization of $490 million as of March 31, 2019.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table details components of lease cost, weighted average lease terms and discount rates, and cash flows for operating leases and finance leases:

	For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	5,867
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	20,666
Interest on lease liabilities	6,018
Short-term lease cost	120
Variable lease cost	1,970
Total lease cost	$	34,641

	As of
	March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Lease term and discount rate
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Finance leases	4.82
Operating leases	10.27
Weighted average discount rate:
Finance leases	10.75	%
Operating leases	6.19	%

	For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,371
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	6,018
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	9,758

We obtained right-of-use assets in exchange for lease liabilities of $1 million upon commencement of operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents maturities of our lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019:

Maturity of lease liabilities	Operating leases			Finance leases			Total
	(In thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2019 (remainder)	$	17,322		$	47,400		$	64,722
2020	18,962			63,266			82,228
2021	15,817			59,692			75,509
2022	13,923			41,040			54,963
2023	13,341			40,942			54,283
After 2023	75,274			30,707			105,981
Total lease payments	154,639			283,047			437,686
Less interest	(41,972		)	(64,102		)	(106,074		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	112,667		$	218,945		$	331,612

As of December 31, 2018, our future minimum rental payments under noncancelable operating leases were as follows:

Year ending December 31,	(In thousands)
2019	$	21,146
2020	18,081
2021	13,873
2022	10,118
2023	8,814
Thereafter	21,886
Total	$	93,918

Lessor Disclosures

We report revenue from sales-type leases at the commencement date in Equipment revenue and we report periodic interest income on sales-type lease receivables in Services and other revenue. We report operating lease revenue in Services and other revenue. The following table details our lease revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Sales-type lease revenue:
Revenue at lease commencement	$	688
Interest income	252
Operating lease revenue	92,857
Total lease revenue	$	93,797

Substantially all of our net investment in sales-type leases consisted of lease receivables totaling $3 million as of March 31, 2019.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents maturities of our operating lease payments as of March 31, 2019:

	Operating leases
Year ending December 31,	(In thousands)
2019 (remainder)	$	242,239
2020	260,033
2021	231,790
2022	150,233
2023	40,327
After 2023	194,679
Total lease payments	$	1,119,301

Property and equipment, net as of March 31, 2019 and Depreciation and amortization for the three months then ended included the following amounts for assets subject to operating leases:

			Accumulated		Depreciation
	Cost		depreciation		expense
	(in thousands)
Customer premises equipment	$	1,210,850	$	905,731	$	45,812
Satellites	1,552,245		847,160		32,601
Real estate	100,037		30,278		558
Total	$	2,863,132	$	1,783,169	$	78,971

NOTE 5.    EARNINGS PER SHARE

We present basic earnings or losses per share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS for our Class A and Class B common stock. Basic EPS for our Class A and Class B common stock excludes potential dilution and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if shares of common stock were issued pursuant to our stock-based compensation awards. The potential dilution from common stock awards was computed using the treasury stock method based on the average market value of our Class A common stock during the period. The calculation of our diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding excluded options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock, whose effect would be anti-dilutive, of 3 million and 5 million shares for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents basic and diluted EPS amounts for all periods and the corresponding weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculations.

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	14,202	$	(21,551	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Class A and B common stock:
Basic	95,386		95,888
Dilutive impact of stock awards outstanding	291		—
Diluted	95,677		95,888
Earnings per share:
Class A and B common stock:
Basic	$	0.15	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	0.15	$	(0.22	)

NOTE 6.    OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) AND RELATED TAX EFFECTS

The changes in the balances of Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Losses			Unrealized Gain (Loss) On Available-For-Sale Securities			Other			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	(In thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	(119,430	)	$	(10,801	)	$	77		$	(130,154	)
Cumulative effect of adoption of the Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01	—			10,467			—			10,467
Balance, January 1, 2018	(119,430		)	(334		)	77			(119,687		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	8,806			(532		)	—			8,274
Other comprehensive income (loss)	8,806			(532		)	—			8,274
Balance, March 31, 2018	$	(110,624	)	$	(866	)	$	77		$	(111,413	)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	(121,693	)	$	(1,574	)	$	(1,833	)	$	(125,100	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	911			3,287			(2,800		)	1,398
Amounts reclassified to net income	—			(549		)	—			(549		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	911			2,738			(2,800		)	849
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	(120,782	)	$	1,164		$	(4,633	)	$	(124,251	)

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The amounts reclassified to net income related to unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities in the table above are included in Gains (losses) on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Except in unusual circumstances, we do not recognize tax effects on foreign currency translation adjustments because they are not expected to result in future taxable income or deductions.

NOTE 7.    MARKETABLE INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Overview

Our marketable investment securities portfolio consists of various debt and equity instruments summarized in the table below. Certain of our investments in debt and equity instruments have historically experienced and are likely to continue experiencing volatility.

	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Marketable investment securities:
Debt securities:
Corporate bonds	$	1,470,693	$	1,735,653
Other debt securities	400,125		464,997
Total debt securities	1,870,818		2,200,650
Equity securities	64,887		90,976
Total marketable investment securities	1,935,705		2,291,626
Less: Restricted marketable investment securities	10,597		9,474
Total marketable investment securities	$	1,925,108	$	2,282,152

Debt Securities

Our corporate bond portfolio includes debt instruments issued by individual corporations, primarily in the industrial and financial services industries. Our other debt securities portfolio includes investments in various debt instruments, including U.S. government bonds, commercial paper and mutual funds.

A summary of our available-for-sale debt securities, exclusive of securities where we have elected the fair value option, is presented in the table below.

	Amortized		Unrealized					Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
	(In thousands)
As of March 31, 2019
Corporate bonds	$	1,416,632	$	1,287	$	(120	)	$	1,417,799
Other debt securities	400,129		13		(17		)	400,125
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,816,761	$	1,300	$	(137	)	$	1,817,924
As of December 31, 2018
Corporate bonds	$	1,689,093	$	318	$	(1,896	)	$	1,687,515
Other debt securities	464,993		7		(3		)	464,997
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	2,154,086	$	325	$	(1,899	)	$	2,152,512

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2019, corporate bonds where we have elected the fair value option have a fair value of $53 million. We recognized gains of $4 million on these securities for the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. We had no debt securities that were accounted for using the fair value option during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

As of March 31, 2019, we have $1.6 billion of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities of one year or less and $186 million with contractual maturities greater than one year.

Equity Securities

Our marketable equity securities consist primarily of shares of common stock of public companies. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Gains (losses) on investments, net included net gains of $30 million and net losses of $37 million, respectively, related to equity securities that we held each period. The fair value of our equity securities was $65 million and $91 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Sales of Available-for-Sale Securities

Proceeds from sales of our available-for-sale securities, including securities accounted for using the fair value option, were $436 million and zero for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Sales of securities accounted for using the fair value option do not result in gains or losses because we recognize unrealized gains and losses on such securities prior to the time of sale.

Fair Value Measurements

Our marketable investment securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as summarized in the table below. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we did not have investments that were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

	As of
	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	1,470,693	$	1,470,693	$	—	$	1,735,653	$	1,735,653
Other	10,597		389,528		400,125		9,474		455,523		464,997
Total debt securities	10,597		1,860,221		1,870,818		9,474		2,191,176		2,200,650
Equity securities	58,400		6,487		64,887		85,298		5,678		90,976
Total marketable investment securities	$	68,997	$	1,866,708	$	1,935,705	$	94,772	$	2,196,854	$	2,291,626

NOTE 8.    INVENTORY

Our inventory consisted of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	6,473	$	4,856
Work-in-process	12,093		13,901
Finished goods	57,548		56,622
Total inventory	$	76,114	$	75,379

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9.    PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

	Depreciable Life In Years	As of
		March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
		(In thousands)
Land	—	$	33,579		$	33,606
Buildings and improvements	1 to 40	174,262			174,227
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	1 to 12	826,622			812,566
Customer premises equipment	2 to 4	1,210,850			1,159,977
Satellites - owned	2 to 15	2,816,629			2,816,628
Satellites - acquired under finance leases	10 to 15	1,050,360			1,051,110
Construction in progress	—	332,343			307,026
Total property and equipment		6,444,645			6,355,140
Accumulated depreciation		(3,081,241		)	(2,940,232		)
Property and equipment, net		$	3,363,404		$	3,414,908

Construction in progress consisted of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Progress amounts for satellite construction	$	300,447	$	277,583
Satellite related equipment	15,639		13,001
Other	16,257		16,442
Construction in progress	$	332,343	$	307,026

Construction in progress as of March 31, 2019 included our EchoStar XXIV satellite, which is expected to launch in 2021. In August 2017, we entered into a contract for the design and construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite, a new, next-generation, high throughput geostationary satellite, with a planned 2021 launch. The EchoStar XXIV satellite is primarily intended to provide additional capacity for our HughesNet service in North, Central and South America as well as aeronautical and enterprise broadband services. In March 2018, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) granted authorization to construct, deploy and operate the EchoStar XXIV satellite. In the first quarter of 2019, Maxar Technologies Inc. (“Maxar”), the parent company of Space Systems/Loral, LLC (“SSL”), the manufacturer of our EchoStar XXIV satellite, announced that, although it will continue to operate its geostationary communications satellite business, it intends to adjust its organization to better align costs with revenue. SSL has indicated to us that it intends to meet its contractual obligations regarding the timely manufacture and delivery of the EchoStar XXIV satellite. However, if SSL fails to meet or is delayed in meeting these obligations for any reason, including if Maxar decides to significantly modify its geostationary communications satellite business, such failure could have a material adverse impact on our business operations, future revenues, financial position and prospects, the completion of the manufacture of the EchoStar XXIV satellite and our planned expansion of satellite broadband services throughout North, South and Central America. Capital expenditures associated with the construction and launch of the EchoStar XXIV satellite are included in Corporate and Other in our segment reporting.

We recorded capitalized interest related to our satellites, satellite payloads and related ground facilities under construction of $5 million and $4 million for the three months March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Depreciation expense associated with our property and equipment consisted of the following:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Buildings and improvements	$	3,487	$	1,709
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	20,650		21,696
Customer premises equipment	46,192		43,448
Satellites	73,492		68,161
Total depreciation expense	$	143,821	$	135,014

Satellites depreciation expense includes amortization of satellites under finance lease agreements of $21 million and $18 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Satellites

As of March 31, 2019, our satellite fleet consisted of 18 satellites, 13 of which are owned and five of which are leased. They are all in geosynchronous orbit, approximately 22,300 miles above the equator. We depreciate our owned satellites on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each satellite. We depreciate our leased satellites on a straight-line basis over their respective lease terms.

Satellite Anomalies and Impairments

Our satellites may experience anomalies from time to time, some of which may have a significant adverse effect on their remaining useful lives, the commercial operation of the satellites or our operating results or financial position. We are not aware of any anomalies with respect to our owned or leased satellites that have had any such significant adverse effect during the three months ended March 31, 2019. There can be no assurance, however, that anomalies will not have any such adverse effects in the future. In addition, there can be no assurance that we can recover critical transmission capacity in the event one or more of our satellites were to fail.

We historically have not carried in-orbit insurance on our satellites because we have assessed that the cost of insurance is not economical relative to the risk of failures. Therefore, we generally bear the risk of any in-orbit failures. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements governing certain portions of our indebtedness, we are required, subject to certain limitations on coverage, to maintain in-orbit insurance for our SPACEWAY 3, EchoStar XVI and EchoStar XVII satellites. Our other satellites, either in orbit or under construction, are not covered by launch or in-orbit insurance. We will continue to assess circumstances going forward and make insurance decisions on a case-by-case basis.

We evaluate our satellites for impairment and test for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Certain of the anomalies previously disclosed may be considered to represent a significant adverse change in the physical condition of a particular satellite. However, based on the redundancy designed within each satellite, certain of these anomalies are not necessarily considered to be significant events that would require a test of recoverability.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 10.    GOODWILL, REGULATORY AUTHORIZATIONS AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair values of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets at the time of the acquisition is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting units within our operating segments and is subject to impairment testing annually, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all of our goodwill was assigned to reporting units of our Hughes segment. We test this goodwill for impairment annually in the second quarter. Based on our impairment testing in the second quarter of 2018, our goodwill is considered to be not impaired.

Regulatory Authorizations

Regulatory authorizations included amounts with both finite and indefinite useful lives. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, regulatory authorization balances, net of accumulated amortization, were $494 million and $496 million, respectively.

Other Intangible Assets

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, accumulated amortization for our other intangible assets was $321 million and $317 million, respectively.

NOTE 11.     INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES

We have strategic investments in certain non-publicly traded equity securities that do not have a readily determinable fair value. We measure our equity securities without a readily determinable fair value, other than those accounted for using the equity method, at cost adjusted for changes resulting from impairments, if any, and observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar securities of the same issuer. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not identify any observable price changes requiring an adjustment to our investments.

Our investments in unconsolidated entities consisted of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Investments in unconsolidated entities:
Equity method	$	176,043	$	182,035
Other equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	51,785		80,438
Total investments in unconsolidated entities	$	227,828	$	262,473

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a $28 million reduction to the carrying amount of one of our investments based on circumstances that indicated the fair value of the investment was less than its carrying amount. There were no similar reductions during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 12.    LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts and fair values of our long-term debt and finance lease obligations.

	Effective Interest Rate	As of
		March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
		Carrying Amount			Fair Value		Carrying Amount			Fair Value
		(In thousands)
Senior Secured Notes:
6 1/2% Senior Secured Notes due 2019	6.959%	$	912,857		$	919,119	$	920,836		$	932,696
5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026	5.320%	750,000			749,903		750,000			695,865
Senior Unsecured Notes:
7 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2021	8.062%	900,000			969,417		900,000			934,902
6 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026	6.688%	750,000			741,368		750,000			696,353
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs		(14,737		)	—		(16,757		)	—
Subtotal		3,298,120			$	3,379,807	3,304,079			$	3,259,816
Finance lease obligations		218,945					228,702
Total debt and finance lease obligations		3,517,065					3,532,781
Less: Current portion		(953,636		)			(959,577		)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net		$	2,563,429				$	2,573,204

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we repurchased $8 million of our 6 1/2% Senior Notes due 2019 in open market trades. The outstanding balance of the notes matures in June 2019.

NOTE 13.    INCOME TAXES

Provision For Income Taxes

Our income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment.

Our interim income tax provision and our interim estimate of our annual effective tax rate are influenced by several factors, including foreign losses and capital gains and losses for which related deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance, changes in tax laws and relative changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be affected by the amount of pre-tax income or loss. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income or loss is lower.

Our income tax provision was $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an income tax benefit of $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Our estimated effective income tax rate was 35.3% and 20.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were primarily due to the change in net unrealized losses that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were primarily due to research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes, the increase in our valuation allowance associated with unrealized losses that are capital in nature, and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 14.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Incentive Plans

We maintain stock incentive plans to attract and retain officers, directors, employees, consultants and advisors. Stock awards under these plans may include both performance-based and non-performance based stock incentives. We granted stock options and other incentive awards to our employees and nonemployee directors to acquire 4,676 and 5,150 shares of our Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Total noncash, stock-based compensation expense for all of our employees is shown in the following table for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and was assigned to the same expense categories as the base compensation for such employees:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Research and development expenses	$	161	$	191
Selling, general and administrative expenses	2,467		2,574
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,628	$	2,765

As of March 31, 2019, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to our unvested stock awards was $12 million.

NOTE 15.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our satellite-related obligations were $703 million and $732 million, respectively. Our satellite-related obligations primarily include payments pursuant to agreements for the construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite; payments pursuant to regulatory authorizations; non-lease costs associated with our finance lease satellites; and in-orbit incentives relating to certain satellites; as well as commitments for satellite service arrangements.

Contingencies

Patents and Intellectual Property

Many entities, including some of our competitors, have or may have in the future patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services directly or indirectly related to those that we offer. We may not be aware of all patents and other intellectual property rights that our products and services may potentially infringe. Damages in patent infringement cases can be substantial, and in certain circumstances can be tripled. Further, we cannot estimate the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to intellectual property rights held by others and the availability and cost of any such licenses. Various parties have asserted patent and other intellectual property rights with respect to our products and services. We cannot be certain that these parties do not own the rights they claim, that these rights are not valid or that our products and services do not infringe on these rights. Further, we cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain licenses from these parties on commercially reasonable terms or, if we were unable to obtain such licenses, that we would be able to redesign our products and services to avoid infringement.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Separation Agreement and Share Exchange

In connection with our spin-off from DISH in 2008 (the “Spin-off”), we entered into a separation agreement with DISH Network that provides, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities resulting from litigation. Under the terms of the separation agreement, we assumed certain liabilities that relate to our business, including certain designated liabilities for acts or omissions that occurred prior to the Spin-off. Certain specific provisions govern intellectual property related claims under which, we will generally only be liable for our acts or omissions following the Spin-off and DISH Network will indemnify us for any liabilities or damages resulting from intellectual property claims relating to the period prior to the Spin-off, as well as DISH Network’s acts or omissions following the Spin-off. Additionally, in connection with the Share Exchange, we entered into the Share Exchange Agreement and other agreements which provide, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities relating to taxes, intellectual property and employees and liabilities resulting from litigation and the assumption of certain liabilities that relate to the transferred businesses and assets. These agreements also contain additional indemnification provisions between us and DISH Network for certain pre-existing liabilities and legal proceedings.

Litigation

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. Many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages and/or seek an indeterminate amount of damages. We regularly evaluate the status of the legal proceedings in which we are involved to assess whether a loss is probable and to determine if accruals are appropriate. We record an accrual for litigation and other loss contingencies when we determine that a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If accruals are not appropriate, we further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of possible loss or range of loss can be made. There can be no assurance that legal proceedings against us will be resolved in amounts that will not differ from the amounts of our recorded accruals. Legal fees and other costs of defending litigation are charged to expense as incurred.

For certain cases, management is unable to predict with any degree of certainty the outcome or provide a meaningful estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss because, among other reasons, (i) the proceedings are in various stages; (ii) damages have not been sought or specified; (iii) damages are unsupported, indeterminate and/or exaggerated in management’s opinion; (iv) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending trials, appeals or motions; (v) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (vi) there are novel legal issues or unsettled legal theories to be presented or a large number of parties are involved (as with many patent-related cases). Except as described below, however, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of these proceedings will have a material effect on our financial condition, operating results or cash flows, though there is no assurance that the resolution and outcomes of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not be material to our financial condition, operating results or cash flows for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

We intend to vigorously defend the proceedings against us. In the event that a court or jury ultimately rules against us, we may be subject to adverse consequences, including, without limitation, substantial damages, which may include treble damages, fines, penalties, compensatory damages and/or other equitable or injunctive relief that could require us to materially modify our business operations or certain products or services that we offer to our consumers.

Elbit

On January 23, 2015, Elbit Systems Land and C4I LTD and Elbit Systems of America Ltd. (together referred to as “Elbit”) filed a complaint against our subsidiary Hughes Network Systems, L.L.C. (“HNS”), as well as against Black Elk Energy Offshore Operations, LLC, Bluetide Communications, Inc. and Helm Hotels Group, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,240,073 (the “073 patent”) and 7,245,874 (“874 patent”). The 073 patent is entitled “Reverse Link for a Satellite Communication Network” and the 874 patent is entitled “Infrastructure for Telephony Network.” Elbit alleges that the 073 patent is infringed by broadband satellite systems that practice the Internet Protocol Over Satellite standard. Elbit alleges that the 874 patent is infringed by the manufacture and sale of broadband satellite systems that provide cellular backhaul service via connections to E1 or T1 interfaces at cellular backhaul base stations. On April 2, 2015, Elbit filed an amended complaint removing Helm Hotels Group as a defendant, but making similar allegations against a new defendant, Country Home Investments, Inc.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

On November 3 and 4, 2015 and January 22, 2016, the defendants filed petitions before the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) challenging the validity of the patents in suit, which the USPTO subsequently declined to institute. On April 13, 2016, the defendants answered Elbit’s complaint. At Elbit’s request, on June 26, 2017, the court dismissed Elbit’s claims of infringement against all parties other than HNS. Trial commenced on July 31, 2017. On August 7, 2017, the jury returned a verdict that the 073 patent was valid and infringed, and awarded Elbit $21 million. The jury also found that such infringement of the 073 patent was not willful and that the 874 patent was not infringed. On March 30, 2018, the court ruled on post-trial motions, upholding the jury’s findings and awarding Elbit attorneys’ fees in an amount that has not yet been specified. As a result of pre-judgment interest, costs and unit sales through the 073 patent’s expiration in November 2017, the jury verdict would result in a payment of $29 million plus post-judgment interest if not overturned or modified on appeal. Elbit has requested an award of $14 million of attorneys’ fees. HNS is contesting Elbit’s claims as inappropriate and unreasonable in light of the court’s decision and prevailing law. On April 27, 2018, HNS filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The parties have briefed the appeal and oral arguments will be held on May 8, 2019. We cannot predict with certainty the outcome of the appeal. As of each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we have recorded an accrual of $3 million with respect to this liability.  Any eventual payments made with respect to the ultimate outcome of this matter may be different from our accruals and such differences could be significant. 

Realtime Data LLC

On May 8, 2015, Realtime Data LLC (“Realtime”) filed suit against EchoStar Corporation and our subsidiary HNS in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,378,992 (the “992 patent”), entitled “Content Independent Data Compression Method and System;” 7,415,530 (the “530 patent”), entitled “System and Methods for Accelerated Data Storage and Retrieval,” and 8,643,513 (the “513 patent”), entitled “Data Compression System and Methods.”  On September 14, 2015, Realtime amended its complaint, additionally alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,116,908 (the “908 patent”), entitled “System and Methods for Accelerated Data Storage and Retrieval.” On February 14, 2017, Realtime filed a second suit against EchoStar Corporation and our subsidiary HNS in the same District Court, alleging infringement of four additional U.S. Patents, Nos. 7,358,867 (the “867 patent”), entitled “Content Independent Data Compression Method and System;” 8,502,707 (the “707 patent”), entitled “Data Compression Systems and Methods;” 8,717,204 (the “204 patent”), entitled “Methods for Encoding and Decoding Data;” and 9,054,728 (the “728 patent”), entitled “Data Compression System and Methods.” On February 13, 2018, we filed petitions before the USPTO challenging the validity of all claims asserted against us from the 707 patent, as well as one of the asserted claims of the 728 patent. On September 5, 2018, the USPTO declined to institute proceedings for the petition that we had filed against the 728 patent. On September 12, 2018, the USPTO instituted proceedings to review the validity of the asserted claims of the 707 patent. In a stipulation filed on October 24, 2018, Realtime voluntarily elected not to pursue any previously asserted claims from the 992, 530, 513, 908, 867 and 204 patents. Realtime is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. In February 2019, we entered into a settlement agreement with Realtime and the case was dismissed with prejudice.

Other

In addition to the above actions, we are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims, which arise in the ordinary course of business. As part of our ongoing operations, we are subject to various inspections, audits, inquiries, investigations and similar actions by third parties, as well as by governmental/regulatory authorities responsible for enforcing the laws and regulations to which we may be subject. Further, under the federal False Claims Act, private parties have the right to bring qui tam, or “whistleblower,” suits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the federal government. Some states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions. In addition, we from time to time receive inquiries from federal, state and foreign agencies regarding compliance with various laws and regulations.

In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to any of these other actions is unlikely to materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, though the resolutions and outcomes, individually or in the aggregate, could be material to our financial position, operating results or cash flows for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

We also indemnify our directors, officers and employees for certain liabilities that might arise from the performance of their responsibilities for us. Additionally, in the normal course of its business, we enter into contracts pursuant to which we may make a variety of representations and warranties and indemnify the counterparty for certain losses. Our possible exposure under these arrangements cannot be reasonably estimated as this involves the resolution of claims made, or future claims that may be made, against us or our officers, directors or employees, the outcomes of which are unknown and not currently predictable or estimable.

NOTE 16.    SEGMENT REPORTING

Operating segments are business components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and regularly evaluated by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is our Chief Executive Officer. We primarily operate in two business segments, Hughes and ESS, as described in Note 1.

The primary measure of segment profitability that is reported regularly to our CODM is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA. Our operations also include various corporate departments (primarily Executive, Treasury, Strategic Development, Human Resources, IT, Finance, Real Estate, Accounting and Legal) and other activities that have not been assigned to our operating segments such as costs incurred in certain satellite development programs and other business development activities, and gains or losses from certain of our investments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other in the tables below or in the reconciliation of EBITDA below.

Total assets by segment have not been reported herein because the information is not provided to our CODM on a regular basis.

The following table presents revenue, EBITDA and capital expenditures for each of our operating segments.

	Hughes		ESS			Corporate and Other			Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
External revenue	$	445,337	$	80,553		$	5,192		$	531,082
Intersegment revenue	—		706			(706		)	—
Total revenue	$	445,337	$	81,259		$	4,486		$	531,082
EBITDA	$	161,132	$	68,717		$	(17,793	)	$	212,056
Capital expenditures	$	73,821	$	108		$	38,033		$	111,962
For the three months ended March 31, 2018
External revenue	$	400,459	$	96,223		$	5,110		$	501,792
Intersegment revenue	359		530			(889		)	—
Total revenue	$	400,818	$	96,753		$	4,221		$	501,792
EBITDA	$	136,713	$	84,150		$	(55,147	)	$	165,716
Capital expenditures	$	87,291	$	(77,038	)	$	40,729		$	50,982

26

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles total consolidated EBITDA to reported Income (loss) before income taxes in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
EBITDA	$	212,056		$	165,716
Interest income and expense, net	(35,453		)	(47,116		)
Depreciation and amortization	(154,221		)	(145,554		)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	806			380
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	23,188		$	(26,574	)

NOTE 17.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

DISH Network

EchoStar Corporation and DISH have operated as separate publicly-traded companies since 2008. In addition, prior to the consummation of the Share Exchange in February 2017, DISH Network owned the Tracking Stock, which represented an aggregate 80.0% economic interest in the residential retail satellite broadband business of our Hughes segment. Following the consummation of the Share Exchange, the Tracking Stock was retired. A substantial majority of the voting power of the shares of each of EchoStar Corporation and DISH is owned beneficially by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, and by certain entities established by Mr. Ergen for the benefit of his family.

In connection with and following both the Spin-off and the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into certain agreements pursuant to which we obtain certain products, services and rights from DISH Network; DISH Network obtains certain products, services and rights from us; and we and DISH Network indemnify each other against certain liabilities arising from our respective businesses. We also may enter into additional agreements with DISH Network in the future. Generally, the amounts we or DISH Network pay for products and services provided under the agreements are based on cost plus a fixed margin (unless noted differently below), which varies depending on the nature of the products and services provided.

The following is a summary of the terms of our principal agreements with DISH Network that may have an impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Services and Other Revenue — DISH Network

Satellite Capacity Leased to DISH Network. We have entered into certain agreements to lease satellite capacity pursuant to which we provide satellite services to DISH Network on certain satellites owned or leased by us. The fees for the services provided under these agreements depend, among other things, upon the orbital location of the applicable satellite, the number of transponders that are providing services on the applicable satellite and the length of the service arrangements. The terms of each service arrangement is set forth below:

EchoStar VII, EchoStar X, EchoStar XI and EchoStar XIV. In March 2014, we began leasing certain satellite capacity to DISH Network on the EchoStar VII, EchoStar X, EchoStar XI and EchoStar XIV satellites. These agreements to lease satellite capacity generally terminate upon the earlier of: (i) the end of life of the satellite; (ii) the date the satellite fails; or (iii) a certain date, which depends upon, among other things, the estimated useful life of the satellite. DISH Network generally has the option to renew each agreement to lease satellite capacity on a year-to-year basis through the end of the respective satellite’s life. There can be no assurance that any options to renew such agreements will be exercised. The agreement to lease satellite capacity on the EchoStar VII satellite expired at the end of June 2018.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

EchoStar IX. Effective January 2008, DISH Network began leasing satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar IX satellite. Subject to availability, DISH Network generally has the right to continue leasing satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar IX satellite on a month-to-month basis.

EchoStar XII. DISH Network leased satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar XII satellite. The agreement to lease satellite capacity expired at the end of September 2017.

EchoStar XVI. In December 2009, we entered into an initial ten-year agreement to lease satellite capacity to DISH Network, pursuant to which DISH Network has leased satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar XVI satellite since January 2013. Effective December 2012, we and DISH Network amended the agreement to, among other things, change the initial term to generally expire upon the earlier of: (i) the end-of-life or replacement of the satellite; (ii) the date the satellite fails; (iii) the date the transponder(s) on which service is being provided under the agreement fails; or (iv) four years following the actual service commencement date. In July 2016, we and DISH Network further amended the agreement to, among other things, extend the initial term by one additional year through January 2018 and to reduce the term of the first renewal option by one year. In May 2017, DISH Network renewed the agreement through January 2023. DISH Network has the option to renew for an additional five-year period prior to expiration of the current term. There can be no assurance that such option to renew this agreement will be exercised. In the event that DISH Network does not exercise its five-year renewal option, DISH Network has the option to purchase the EchoStar XVI satellite for a certain price. If DISH Network does not elect to purchase the EchoStar XVI satellite at that time, we may sell the EchoStar XVI satellite to a third party and DISH Network is required to pay us a certain amount in the event we are not able to sell the EchoStar XVI satellite for more than a certain amount. We and DISH Network have amended the agreement to allow DISH Network to place and use certain satellites at the 61.5 degree west longitude orbital location.

Nimiq 5 Agreement. In September 2009, we entered into a fifteen-year agreement with Telesat Canada to lease satellite capacity from Telesat Canada on all 32 direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) transponders on the Nimiq 5 satellite at the 72.7 degree west longitude orbital location (the “Telesat Transponder Agreement”). In September 2009, we also entered into an agreement with DISH Network, pursuant to which DISH Network leases satellite capacity from us on all 32 of the DBS transponders covered by the Telesat Transponder Agreement (the “DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement”).

Under the terms of the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement, DISH Network makes certain monthly payments to us that commenced in September 2009, when the Nimiq 5 satellite was placed into service, and continue through the service term. Unless earlier terminated under the terms and conditions of the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement, the service term will expire in October 2019. Upon expiration of the initial term, DISH Network has the option to renew the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement on a year-to-year basis through the end of life of the Nimiq 5 satellite. Upon in-orbit failure or end of life of the Nimiq 5 satellite, and in certain other circumstances, DISH Network has certain rights to lease satellite capacity from us on a replacement satellite. There can be no assurance that any options to renew the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement will be exercised or that DISH Network will exercise its option to lease satellite capacity on a replacement satellite.

QuetzSat-1 Agreement. In November 2008, we entered into a ten-year agreement to lease satellite capacity from SES Latin America, which provides, among other things, for the provision by SES Latin America to us of leased satellite capacity on 32 DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite. Concurrently, in 2008, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network leases from us satellite capacity on 24 of the DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite. The QuetzSat-1 satellite was launched in September 2011 and was placed into service in November 2011 at the 67.1 degree west longitude orbital location. In January 2013, the QuetzSat-1 satellite was moved to the 77 degree west longitude orbital location. In February 2013, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which we lease back from DISH Network certain satellite capacity on five DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite through November 2021, unless extended or earlier terminated under the terms and conditions of our agreement.

Under the terms of our contractual arrangements with DISH Network, we began leasing satellite capacity to DISH Network on the QuetzSat-1 satellite in February 2013 and will continue leasing such capacity through November 2021, unless extended or earlier terminated under the terms and conditions of our agreement with DISH Network for the QuetzSat-1 satellite. Upon expiration of the initial service term, DISH Network has the option to renew the

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

agreement for the QuetzSat-1 satellite on a year-to-year basis through the end of life of the QuetzSat-1 satellite. Upon an in-orbit failure or end of life of the QuetzSat-1 satellite, and in certain other circumstances, DISH Network has certain rights to lease satellite capacity from us on a replacement satellite. There can be no assurance that any options to renew this agreement will be exercised or that DISH Network will exercise its option to lease satellite capacity on a replacement satellite.

103 Degree Orbital Location/SES-3. In May 2012, we entered into a spectrum development agreement (the “103 Spectrum Development Agreement”) with Ciel Satellite Holdings Inc. (“Ciel”) to develop certain spectrum rights at the 103 degree west longitude orbital location (the “103 Spectrum Rights”). In June 2013, we and DISH Network entered into a spectrum development agreement (the “DISH 103 Spectrum Development Agreement”) pursuant to which DISH Network may use and develop the 103 Spectrum Rights. Effective in March 2018, DISH Network exercised its right to terminate the DISH 103 Spectrum Development Agreement and we exercised our right to terminate the 103 Spectrum Development Agreement.

In connection with the 103 Spectrum Development Agreement, in May 2012, we also entered into a ten-year agreement with Ciel pursuant to which we leased certain satellite capacity from Ciel on the SES-3 satellite at the 103 degree west longitude orbital location (the “Ciel 103 Agreement”). In June 2013, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network leased certain satellite capacity from us on the SES-3 satellite (the “DISH 103 Agreement”). Under the terms of the DISH 103 Agreement, DISH Network made certain monthly payments to us through the service term. Effective in March 2018, DISH Network exercised its right to terminate the DISH 103 Agreement and we exercised our right to terminate the Ciel 103 Agreement.

TT&C Agreement. Effective January 2012, we entered into a TT&C agreement pursuant to which we provided TT&C services to DISH Network for a period ending in December 2016 (the “TT&C Agreement”). We and DISH Network have amended the TT&C Agreement over time to, among other things, extend the term through February 2023. The fees for services provided under the TT&C Agreement are calculated at either: (i) a fixed fee or (ii) cost plus a fixed margin, which will vary depending on the nature of the services provided. DISH Network is able to terminate the TT&C Agreement for any reason upon 12 months’ notice.

Effective March 2014, we provide TT&C services for the D-1 and EchoStar XV satellites; however, for the period that we received satellite services on the EchoStar XV satellite from DISH Network, we waived the fees for the TT&C services on the EchoStar XV satellite. Effective August 2016, we provide TT&C services to DISH Network for the EchoStar XVIII satellite.

Real Estate Leases to DISH Network. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which DISH Network leases certain real estate from us. The rent on a per square foot basis for each of the leases is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the lease, and DISH Network is responsible for its portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance of the premises. The term of each of the leases is set forth below:

100 Inverness Lease Agreement. Effective March 2017, DISH Network is licensed to use certain of our space at 100 Inverness Terrace East, Englewood, Colorado for a period ending in December 2020. This agreement may be terminated by either party upon 180 days’ prior notice. This agreement may be extended by mutual consent, in which case this agreement will be converted to a month-to-month lease agreement. Upon extension, either party has the right to terminate this agreement upon 30 days’ notice.

Meridian Lease Agreement. The lease for all of 9601 S. Meridian Blvd., Englewood, Colorado was for a period ending in December 2016. We and DISH Network have amended this lease over time to, among other things, extend the term through December 2019. After December 2019, this agreement may be converted by mutual consent to a month-to-month lease agreement with either party having the right to terminate upon 30 days’ notice.

Santa Fe Lease Agreement. The lease for all of 5701 S. Santa Fe Dr., Littleton, Colorado was for a period ending in December 2016. We and DISH Network have amended this lease over time to, among other things, extend the term through December 2019. After December 2019, this agreement may be converted by mutual consent to a month-to-month lease agreement with either party having the right to terminate upon 30 days’ notice.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Cheyenne Lease Agreement. Prior to the Share Exchange, we leased to DISH Network certain space at 530 EchoStar Drive, Cheyenne, Wyoming. In connection with the Share Exchange, we transferred ownership of a portion of this property to DISH Network and we and DISH Network amended this agreement to (i) terminate the lease for the transferred space and (ii) provide for a continued lease to DISH Network of the portion of the property we retained for a period ending in December 2031. After December 2031, this agreement may be converted by mutual consent to a month-to-month lease agreement with either party having the right to terminate upon 30 days’ notice.

TerreStar Agreement. In March 2012, DISH Network completed its acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar Networks Inc. (“TerreStar”). Prior to DISH Network’s acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar and our completion of the acquisition of Hughes Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the ”Hughes Acquisition”), TerreStar and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which we provide, among other things, warranty, operations and maintenance and hosting services for TerreStar’s ground-based communications equipment. In December 2017, we and DISH Network amended these agreements, effective as of January 1, 2018, to reduce certain pricing terms through December 31, 2023 and to modify certain termination provisions. DISH Network generally has the right to continue to receive warranty services from us for our products on a month-to-month basis unless terminated by DISH Network upon at least 21 days’ written notice to us. DISH Network generally has the right to continue to receive operations and maintenance services from us on a quarter-to-quarter basis unless operations and maintenance services are terminated by DISH Network upon at least 90 days’ written notice to us. The provision of hosting services will continue until May 2022. In addition, DISH Network generally may terminate any and all services for convenience subject to providing us with prior notice and/or payment of termination charges.

Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement. Effective October 2012, we and DISH Network, entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) pursuant to which DISH Network has the right, but not the obligation, to market, sell and distribute our HughesNet satellite internet service (the “HughesNet service”). DISH Network pays us a monthly per subscriber wholesale service fee for the HughesNet service based upon a subscriber’s service level and based upon certain volume subscription thresholds. The Distribution Agreement also provides that DISH Network has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase certain broadband equipment from us to support the sale of the HughesNet service. The Distribution Agreement had an initial term of five years with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless terminated by either party with a written notice at least 180 days before the expiration of the then-current term. In February 2014, we and DISH Network entered into an amendment to the Distribution Agreement which, among other things, extended the initial term of the Distribution Agreement until March 2024. Upon expiration or termination of the Distribution Agreement, we and DISH Network will continue to provide our HughesNet service to the then-current DISH Network subscribers pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement.

DBSD North America Agreement. In March 2012, DISH Network completed its acquisition of 100% of the equity of reorganized DBSD North America, Inc. (“DBSD North America”). Prior to DISH Network’s acquisition of DBSD North America and our completion of the Hughes Acquisition, DBSD North America and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which we provide, among other things, warranty, operations and maintenance and hosting services of DBSD North America’s gateway and ground-based communications equipment. In December 2017, we and DBSD North America amended these agreements, effective as of January 1, 2018, to reduce certain pricing terms through December 31, 2023 and to modify certain termination provisions. DBSD North America has the right to continue to receive operations and maintenance services from us on a quarter-to-quarter basis, unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 120 days’ written notice to us. In February 2019, we further amended these agreements to provide DBSD North America with the right to continue to receive warranty services from us on a month-to-month basis until December 2023, unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 21 days’ written notice to us. The provision of hosting services will continue until February 2022 and will automatically renew for an additional five-year period until February 2027 unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 180 days’ written notice to us. In addition, DBSD North America generally may terminate any and all such services for convenience, subject to providing us with prior notice and/or payment of termination charges.

RUS Implementation Agreement. In September 2010, DISH Network was selected by the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to receive up to $14 million in broadband stimulus grant funds. Effective November 2011, we and DISH Network entered into a RUS Implementation Agreement (the “RUS Agreement”) pursuant to which we provided certain portions of the equipment and broadband service used to implement DISH Network’s

30

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

RUS program. While the RUS Agreement expired in June 2013 when the broadband stimulus grant funds were exhausted, we are required to continue providing services to DISH Network’s customers activated prior to the expiration of the RUS Agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RUS Agreement.

Hughes Equipment and Services Agreement. In February 2019, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which we will sell to DISH Network our HughesNet Service and HughesNet equipment that has been modified to meet DISH Network’s internet-of-things specifications for the transfer of data to DISH Network’s network operations centers. This agreement has an initial term of five years expiring February 2024 with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless terminated by DISH Network with at least 180 days’ written notice to us or by us with at least 365 days’ written notice to DISH Network.

General and Administrative Expenses — DISH Network

Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement. In connection with the Spin-off, we entered into various agreements with DISH Network including a transition services agreement, satellite procurement agreement and services agreement, which all expired in January 2010 and were replaced by a professional services agreement (the “Professional Services Agreement”). In January 2010, we and DISH Network agreed that we continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to receive the following services from DISH Network, among others, certain of which were previously provided under a transition services agreement: information technology, travel and event coordination, internal audit, legal, accounting and tax, benefits administration, program acquisition services and other support services. Mr. Vivek Khemka, who was then employed as DISH Network’s Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, provided services to us during portions of 2016 and through February 2017 pursuant to the Professional Services Agreement as President -- EchoStar Technologies L.L.C. Additionally, we and DISH Network agreed that DISH Network would continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to engage us to manage the process of procuring new satellite capacity for DISH Network (previously provided under a satellite procurement agreement), receive logistics, procurement and quality assurance services from us (previously provided under a services agreement) and provide other support services. In connection with the consummation of the Share Exchange, we and DISH amended and restated the Professional Services Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement”) to provide that we and DISH Network shall have the right to receive additional services that either we or DISH Network may require as a result of the Share Exchange, including access to antennas owned by DISH Network for our use in performing TT&C services and maintenance and support services for our antennas. The term of the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement is through January 2020 and renews automatically for successive one-year periods thereafter, unless the agreement is terminated earlier by either party upon at least 60 days’ notice. We or DISH Network may generally terminate the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement in part with respect to any particular service it receives for any reason upon at least 30 days’ notice, unless the statement of work for particular services states otherwise. Certain services being provided for under the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement may survive the termination of the agreement.

Real Estate Leases from DISH Network. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which we lease certain real estate from DISH Network. The rent on a per square foot basis is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the leases, and for certain properties, we are responsible for our portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance of the premises.

Cheyenne Lease Agreement. Effective March 2017 we lease from DISH Network certain space at 530 EchoStar Drive in Cheyenne, Wyoming for a period ending in February 2019. In August 2018, we exercised our option to renew this lease for a one year period ending in February 2020. We have the option to renew this lease for twelve one-year periods.

Gilbert Lease Agreement. Effective March 2017 we lease from DISH Network certain space at 801 N. DISH Dr. in Gilbert, Arizona for a period ending in February 2019. In August 2018, we exercised our option to renew this lease for a one year period ending in February 2020. We have the option to renew this lease for twelve one-year periods.

American Fork Occupancy License Agreement. Effective March 2017, we subleased from DISH Network certain space at 796 East Utah Valley Drive in American Fork, Utah for a period ending in August 2017. We exercised

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

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(Unaudited)

our option to renew this sublease for a five-year period ending in August 2022. We and DISH Network amended this sublease to, among other things, terminate this sublease in March 2019.

Employee Matters Agreement. Effective March 2017 in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into an employee matters agreement that addressed the transfer of employees from EchoStar to DISH Network, including certain benefit and compensation matters and the allocation of responsibility for employee related liabilities relating to current and past employees of the transferred businesses. DISH Network assumed employee-related liabilities relating to the transferred businesses as part of the Share Exchange, except that we are responsible for certain existing employee related litigation as well as certain pre-Share Exchange compensation and benefits for employees transferring to DISH Network in connection with the Share Exchange.

Collocation and Antenna Space Agreements. We and DISH Network have entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provides us with collocation space in El Paso, Texas. This agreement was for an initial period ending in August 2015, and provides us with renewal options for four consecutive years. Effective August 2015, we exercised our first renewal option for a period ending in August 2018 and in April 2018 we exercised our second renewal option for a period ending in August 2021. In connection with the Share Exchange, effective March 2017, we also entered into certain agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides collocation and antenna space to EchoStar through February 2022 at the following locations: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Gilbert, Arizona; New Braunfels, Texas; Monee, Illinois; Spokane, Washington; and Englewood, Colorado. In August 2017, we and DISH Network also entered into certain other agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides additional collocation and antenna space to EchoStar in Monee, Illinois and Spokane, Washington through August 2022. We generally may renew our collocation and antenna space agreements for three-year periods by providing DISH Network with prior written notice no more than 120 days but no less than 90 days prior to the end of the then-current term. We may terminate certain of these agreements with 180 days’ prior written notice. The fees for the services provided under these agreements depend on the number of racks leased at the location.

Other Agreements — DISH Network

Satellite and Tracking Stock Transaction. In February 2014, we entered into agreements with DISH Network to implement a transaction pursuant to which, among other things: (i) in March 2014, EchoStar and our subsidiary, Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation (“HSS”), issued the Tracking Stock to DISH Network in exchange for five satellites owned by DISH Network (EchoStar I, EchoStar VII, EchoStar X, EchoStar XI and EchoStar XIV) (including assumption of related in-orbit incentive obligations) and $11 million in cash; and (ii) in March 2014, DISH Network began receiving certain satellite services from us as discussed above on these five satellites (collectively, the “Satellite and Tracking Stock Transaction.”) The Tracking Stock was retired in March 2017 and is no longer outstanding and all agreements, arrangements and policy statements with respect to such Tracking Stock terminated and are of no further effect.

Share Exchange Agreement. On January 31, 2017, EchoStar Corporation and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with DISH and certain of its subsidiaries, pursuant to which, on February 28, 2017, we received all of the shares of the Tracking Stock in exchange for 100% of the equity interests of certain EchoStar subsidiaries that held substantially all of our EchoStar Technologies businesses and certain other assets. Following consummation of the Share Exchange on February 28, 2017, we no longer operate the transferred EchoStar Technologies businesses and the Tracking Stock was retired and is no longer outstanding and all agreements, arrangements and policy statements with respect to such Tracking Stock terminated and are of no further effect. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, we transferred certain assets, investments in joint ventures, spectrum licenses and real estate properties and DISH Network assumed certain liabilities relating to the transferred assets and businesses. The Share Exchange Agreement contained customary representations and warranties by the parties, including representations by us related to the transferred assets, assumed liabilities and the financial condition of the transferred businesses. We and DISH Network also agreed to customary indemnification provisions whereby each party indemnifies the other against certain losses with respect to breaches of representations, warranties or covenants and certain liabilities and if certain actions undertaken by us or DISH causes the transaction to be taxable to the other party after closing. See Note 1 for further information.

Hughes Broadband Master Services Agreement.  In March 2017, we and DISH Network entered into a master service agreement (the “Hughes Broadband MSA”) pursuant to which DISH Network, among other things: (i) has the right, but not the obligation, to market, promote and solicit orders and upgrades for our HughesNet service and related

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

equipment and other telecommunication services and (ii) installs HughesNet service equipment with respect to activations generated by DISH Network.  Under the Hughes Broadband MSA, we and DISH Network make certain payments to each other relating to sales, upgrades, purchases and installation services. The Hughes Broadband MSA has an initial term of five years until March 2022 with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms. Either party has the ability to terminate the Hughes Broadband MSA, in whole or in part, for any reason upon at least 90 days’ notice to the other party. Upon expiration or termination of the Hughes Broadband MSA, we will continue to provide our HughesNet service to subscribers and make certain payments to DISH Network pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Hughes Broadband MSA. We incurred sales incentives and other costs under the Hughes Broadband MSA totaling $5 million and $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement. Effective March 2017 in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into an Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement (“IPTLA”) pursuant to which we and DISH Network license to each other certain intellectual property and technology. The IPTLA will continue in perpetuity, unless mutually terminated by the parties. Pursuant to the IPTLA, we granted to DISH Network a license to our intellectual property and technology for use by DISH Network, among other things, in connection with its continued operation of the businesses acquired pursuant to the Share Exchange, including a limited license to use the “ECHOSTAR” trademark during a transition period.  EchoStar retains full ownership of the “ECHOSTAR” trademark. In addition, DISH Network granted a license back to us, among other things, for the continued use of all intellectual property and technology that is used in our retained businesses but the ownership of which was transferred to DISH Network pursuant to the Share Exchange.

Tax Matters Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH entered into a tax matters agreement. This agreement governs certain of our rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes of the transferred businesses pursuant to the Share Exchange. Generally, we are responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the transferred businesses and assets for periods prior to the Share Exchange and DISH Network is responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the transferred businesses and assets from and after the Share Exchange. Both we and DISH Network made certain tax-related representations and are subject to various tax-related covenants after the consummation of the Share Exchange. Both we and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other if there is a breach of any such tax representation or violation of any such tax covenant and that breach or violation results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment for the other party. In addition, DISH Network has agreed to indemnify us if the transferred businesses are acquired, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an acquisition of DISH Network), by one or more persons and such acquisition results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment. The tax matters agreement supplements the Tax Sharing Agreement outlined below, which continues in full force and effect.

Tax Sharing Agreement. Effective December 2007, we and DISH Network entered into a tax sharing agreement (the “Tax Sharing Agreement”) in connection with the Spin-off. This agreement governs our and DISH Network’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the Spin-off with respect to taxes for the periods ending on or before the Spin-off. Generally, all pre-Spin-off taxes, including any taxes that are incurred as a result of restructuring activities undertaken to implement the Spin-off, are borne by DISH Network, and DISH Network indemnifies us for such taxes. However, DISH Network is not liable for and does not indemnify us for any taxes that are incurred as a result of the Spin-off or certain related transactions failing to qualify as tax-free distributions pursuant to any provision of Section 355 or Section 361 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), because of: (i) a direct or indirect acquisition of any of our stock, stock options or assets; (ii) any action that we take or fail to take; or (iii) any action that we take that is inconsistent with the information and representations furnished to the IRS in connection with the request for the private letter ruling, or to counsel in connection with any opinion being delivered by counsel with respect to the Spin-off or certain related transactions. In such case, we will be solely liable for, and will indemnify DISH Network for, any resulting taxes, as well as any losses, claims and expenses. The Tax Sharing Agreement will terminate after the later of the full period of all applicable statutes of limitations, including extensions, or once all rights and obligations are fully effectuated or performed.

In light of the Tax Sharing Agreement, among other things, and in connection with our consolidated federal income tax returns for certain tax years prior to and for the year of the Spin-off, in September 2013, we and DISH Network agreed upon a supplemental allocation of the tax benefits arising from certain tax items resolved in the course of the IRS’s examination of our consolidated tax returns. Prior to the agreement with DISH Network in 2013, the federal tax benefits were reflected as a deferred tax asset for depreciation and amortization, which was netted in our noncurrent deferred

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

tax liabilities. The agreement with DISH Network in 2013 requires DISH Network to pay us the federal tax benefit it receives at such time as we would have otherwise been able to realize such tax benefit. We recorded a noncurrent receivable from DISH Network in Other receivables - DISH Network and a corresponding increase in our Deferred tax liabilities, net to reflect the effects of this agreement in September 2013. In addition, in September 2013, we and DISH Network agreed upon a tax sharing arrangement for filing certain combined state income tax returns and a method of allocating the respective tax liabilities between us and DISH Network for such combined returns, through the taxable period ending on December 31, 2017 (the “State Tax Arrangement”).

In August 2018, we and DISH Network amended the Tax Sharing Agreement and the 2013 agreements (the “Tax Sharing Amendment”). Under the Tax Sharing Amendment, to the extent permitted by applicable tax law, DISH Network is entitled to apply the benefit of our 2009 net operating losses (the “SATS 2009 NOLs”) to DISH Network’s federal tax return for the year ended December 31, 2008, in exchange for DISH Network paying us over time the value of the net annual federal income taxes paid by us that would have been otherwise offset by the SATS 2009 NOLs. The Tax Sharing Amendment also requires us and DISH Network to pay the other for the benefits of certain past and future federal research and development tax credits that we or DISH Network receive or received as a result of being part of a controlled group under the Code, and requires DISH Network to compensate us for certain past tax losses utilized by DISH Network and for certain past and future excess California research and development tax credits generated by us and used by DISH Network. In addition, the Tax Sharing Amendment extends the term of the State Tax Arrangement to the earlier to occur of termination of the Tax Sharing Agreement, a change in control of either us or DISH Network or, for any particular state, if we and DISH Network no longer file a combined tax return for such state.

We and DISH Network file combined income tax returns in certain states. We have earned and recognized tax benefits for certain state income tax credits that we would be unable to utilize currently if we had filed separately from DISH Network. We have charged Additional paid-in capital in prior periods when DISH Network has utilized such tax benefits. We expect to increase Additional paid-in capital upon receipt of any consideration that DISH Network pays to us in exchange for these tax credits.

gTLD Bidding Agreement. In April 2015, we and DISH Network entered into a generic top level domain (“gTLD”) Bidding Agreement whereby, among other things: (i) DISH Network obtained rights from us to participate in a gTLD auction, assuming all rights and obligations from us related to our application with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers for a particular gTLD; (ii) DISH Network agreed to reimburse us for our Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers application fee and certain out-of-pocket expenses related to the application and the auction; and (iii) we and DISH Network agreed to split equally the net proceeds obtained by DISH Network as the losing bidder in the auction, less such fee reimbursement and out-of-pocket expenses.

Patent Cross-License Agreements. In December 2011, we and DISH Network entered into separate patent cross-license agreements with the same third party whereby: (i) we and such third party licensed our respective patents to each other subject to certain conditions; and (ii) DISH Network and such third party licensed their respective patents to each other subject to certain conditions (each, a “Cross-License Agreement”). Each Cross-License Agreement covers patents acquired by the respective party prior to January 2017 and aggregate payments under both Cross-License Agreements were less than $10 million. Each Cross-License Agreement contained an option to extend each Cross-License Agreement to include patents acquired by the respective party prior to January 2022. In December 2016, both we and DISH Network exercised our respective renewal options, resulting in aggregate additional payments to such third party totaling less than $3 million. Since the aggregate payments under both Cross-License Agreements were based on the combined annual revenue of us and DISH Network, we and DISH Network agreed to allocate our respective payments to such third party based on our respective percentage of combined total revenue.

Other Agreements

Hughes Systique Corporation (“Hughes Systique”)

We contract with Hughes Systique for software development services. In addition to our approximately 43% ownership in Hughes Systique, Mr. Pradman Kaul, the President of Hughes Communications, Inc. and a member of our board of directors, and his brother, who is the Chief Executive Officer and President of Hughes Systique, in the aggregate, own approximately 25%, on an undiluted basis, of Hughes Systique’s outstanding shares as of March 31, 2019. Furthermore, Mr. Pradman Kaul serves on the board of directors of Hughes Systique. Hughes Systique is a variable interest entity

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

and we are considered the primary beneficiary of Hughes Systique due to, among other factors, our ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Hughes Systique. As a result, we consolidate Hughes Systique’s financial statements in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Dish Mexico

We own 49.0% of Dish Mexico, an entity that provides direct-to-home satellite services in Mexico. We provide certain satellite services to Dish Mexico. We recognized revenue from sales of services we provided to Dish Mexico of $6 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had trade accounts receivable from Dish Mexico of $6 million.

Deluxe/EchoStar LLC

We own 50.0% of Deluxe/EchoStar LLC (“Deluxe”), a joint venture that we entered into in 2010 to build an advanced digital cinema satellite distribution network targeting delivery to digitally equipped theaters in the U.S. and Canada. We account for our investment in Deluxe using the equity method. We recognized revenue from Deluxe for transponder services and the sale of broadband equipment of $1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had trade accounts receivable from Deluxe of $1 million.

AsiaSat

We contract with AsiaSat Telecommunications Inc. (“AsiaSat”) for the use of transponder capacity on one of AsiaSat's satellites. Mr. William David Wade, who joined our board of directors in February 2017, served as the Chief Executive Officer of AsiaSat in 2016 and as a senior advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of AsiaSat through March 2017. We incurred expenses payable to AsiaSat under this agreement of zero for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Global IP

In May 2017, we entered into an agreement with Global-IP Cayman (“Global IP”) providing for the sale of certain equipment and services to Global IP. Mr. William David Wade, a member of our board of directors, served as a member of the board of directors of Global IP from September 2017 until April 2019 and continues to serve as an executive advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of Global IP. In August 2018, we and Global IP amended the agreement to (i) change certain of the equipment and services to be provided to Global IP; (ii) modify certain payment terms; (iii) provide Global IP an option to use one of our test lab facilities; and (iv) effectuate the assignment of the agreement from Global IP to one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. In February 2019, we terminated the agreement as a result of Global IP’s defaults resulting from its failure to make payments to us as required under the terms of the agreement and we reserved our rights and remedies against Global IP under the agreement. We recognized revenue under this agreement of zero and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we are owed $7.5 million from Global IP.

TerreStar Solutions

DISH Network owns more than 15% of TerreStar Solutions, Inc. (“TSI”). In May 2018, we and TSI entered into an equipment and services agreement pursuant to which we design, manufacture and install upgraded ground communications network equipment for TSI’s network and provide, among other things, warranty and support services. We recognized revenue of $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had trade accounts receivable from TSI of $2 million.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Broadband Connectivity Solutions

In August 2018, we entered into an agreement with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) to establish a new entity, Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (together with its subsidiaries, “BCS”), to provide commercial Ka-band satellite broadband services across Africa, the Middle East and southwest Asia operating over Yahsat's Al Yah 2 and Al Yah 3 Ka-band satellites. The transaction was consummated in December 2018 when we invested $100 million in cash in exchange for a 20% interest in BCS. Under the terms of the agreement, we may also acquire, for further cash investments, additional ownership interests in BCS in the future provided certain conditions are met. We supply network operations and management services and equipment to BCS. We recognized revenue from BCS for such services and equipment of $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $3 million trade accounts receivable from BCS.

Maxar Technologies Inc.

Mr. Jeffrey Tarr, who joined our board of directors in March 2019, serves as a consultant and advisor to Maxar and its subsidiaries (“Maxar Tech”). We previously entered into agreements with Maxar Tech for the manufacture of our EchoStar IX, EchoStar XI, EchoStar XIV, EchoStar XVI, EchoStar XVII, EchoStar XIX, EchoStar XXI and EchoStar XXIII satellites and for the timely manufacture and delivery and certain other services for our EchoStar XXIV satellite with an expected launch date in 2021. Maxar Tech provides us with anomaly support for these satellites once launched pursuant to the terms of the agreements. Maxar Tech also provides a warranty on one of these satellites and may be required to pay us certain amounts should the satellite not operate according to certain performance specifications. Our obligations to pay Maxar Tech under these agreements during the design life of the applicable satellites may be reduced if the applicable satellites do not operate according to certain performance specifications. We incurred aggregate costs of $36 million payable to Maxar Tech under these agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

NOTE 18.    SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Noncash Investing and Financing Activities

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
	(in thousands)
Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock	$	6,654		$	7,605
Increase (decrease) in capital expenditures included in accounts payable, net	$	(15,320	)	$	585

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

The beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents presented in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included restricted cash and cash equivalents of $1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. These amounts are included in Other noncurrent assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Fair Value of In-Orbit Incentives

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair values of our in-orbit incentive obligations, based on measurements categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, approximated their carrying amounts of $105 million and $107 million, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs

Unamortized contract acquisition costs totaled $102 million and $104 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and related amortization expense totaled $21 million and $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Unamortized contract fulfillment costs totaled $3 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and related amortization expense was de minimis for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Research and Development

The table below summarizes the research and development costs incurred in connection with customers’ orders included in cost of sales and other expenses we incurred for research and development.

		For the three months ended March 31,
		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cost of sales		$	5,395	$	6,598
Research and development		$	6,888	$	7,137

Capitalized Software Costs

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the net carrying amount of externally marketed software was $99 million and $97 million, respectively, of which $34 million and $29 million, respectively, is under development and not yet placed in service. We capitalized costs related to the development of externally marketed software of $8 million and $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We recorded amortization expense relating to the development of externally marketed software of $6 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The weighted average useful life of our externally marketed software was three years as of March 31, 2019.

NOTE 19.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In May 2019, we entered into an agreement with Yahsat pursuant to which Yahsat will contribute its current satellite communications services business in Brazil to us in exchange for a 20% ownership interest in our existing Brazilian subsidiary that conducts our current satellite communications services business in Brazil. The combined business will provide broadband internet services and enterprise solutions in Brazil using the Telesat T19V and Eutelsat 65W satellites and Yahsat’s Al Yah 3 satellite.  Under the terms of the agreement, Yahsat may also acquire, for further cash investments, additional minority ownership interests in the business in the future provided certain conditions are met.  The completion of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and closing conditions.  No assurance can be given that the transaction will be consummated on the terms agreed to or at all.

In May 2019, we entered into an agreement with Bharti Airtel Limited (“BAL”) and its subsidiary, Bharti Airtel Services Limited (together with BAL, “Bharti”), pursuant to which Bharti will contribute its very small aperture terminal (“VSAT”) telecommunications services and hardware business in India to our two existing Indian subsidiaries that conduct our VSAT services and hardware business. The combined entities will provide broadband satellite and hybrid solutions for enterprise and government networks. Upon consummation of the transaction, Bharti will have a 33% ownership interest in the combined business. The completion of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and closing conditions. No assurance can be given that the transaction will be consummated on the terms agreed to or at all.

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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “EchoStar,” the “Company” and “our” refer to EchoStar Corporation and its subsidiaries.  References to “$” are to United States (“U.S.”) dollars.  The following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”).  This management’s discussion and analysis is intended to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and our results of operations.  Many of the statements in this management’s discussion and analysis are forward-looking statements that involve assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that are often difficult to predict and beyond our control.  Actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.  See Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in this Form 10-Q for further discussion.  For a discussion of additional risks, uncertainties and other factors that could impact our results of operations or financial condition, see the caption Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC (collectively referred to as our “Form 10-K”).  Further, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and we undertake no obligation to update them.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EchoStar is a global provider of broadband satellite technologies, broadband internet services for home and small office customers, satellite operations and satellite services. We also deliver innovative network technologies, managed services and various communications solutions for aeronautical, enterprise and government customers.

Prior to March 2017, we operated in three primary business segments: Hughes, EchoStar Technologies and EchoStar Satellite Services (“ESS”). On January 31, 2017, EchoStar Corporation and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a share exchange agreement with DISH Network Corporation (“DISH”) and certain of its subsidiaries. We, and certain of our subsidiaries, received all of the shares of the Hughes Retail Preferred Tracking Stock previously issued by us and one of our subsidiaries (together, the “Tracking Stock”) in exchange for 100% of the equity interests of certain of our subsidiaries that held substantially all of our former EchoStar Technologies businesses and certain other assets (collectively, the “Share Exchange”). Following the consummation of the Share Exchange, we no longer operate our former EchoStar Technologies businesses, the Tracking Stock was retired and is no longer outstanding, and all agreements, arrangements and policy statements with respect to the Tracking Stock terminated. See Note 4 in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 of our Form 10-K for further discussion of our discontinued operations.

We currently operate in two business segments: Hughes and ESS. These segments are consistent with the way we make decisions regarding the allocation of resources, as well as how operating results are reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, who is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

Our operations also include various corporate departments (primarily Executive, Treasury, Strategic Development, Human Resources, IT, Finance, Real Estate, Accounting and Legal) and other activities that have not been assigned to our operating segments such as costs incurred in certain satellite development programs and other business development activities, and gains or losses from certain of our investments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other in our segment reporting.

Highlights from our financial results are as follows:

2019 First Quarter Consolidated Results of Operations

• Revenue of $531 million

• Operating income of $59 million

• Net income of $15 million

• Net income attributable to EchoStar common stock of $14 million and basic earnings per share of common stock of $0.15

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

• Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) of $212 million (see reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure on page 47)

Consolidated Financial Condition as of March 31, 2019

• Total assets of $8.8 billion

• Total liabilities of $4.6 billion

• Total stockholders’ equity of $4.2 billion

• Cash, cash equivalents and current marketable investment securities of $3.3 billion

Hughes Segment

Our Hughes segment is a global provider of broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet services to home and small office customers and broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communications solutions to consumers, aeronautical, enterprise and government customers. The Hughes segment also designs, provides and installs gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, our Hughes segment designs, develops, constructs and provides telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers.

We incorporate advances in technology to reduce costs and to increase the functionality and reliability of our products and services.  Through advanced and proprietary methodologies, technologies, software and techniques, we continue to improve the efficiency of our networks.  We invest in technologies to enhance our system and network management capabilities, specifically our managed services for enterprises.  We also continue to invest in next generation technologies that can be applied to our future products and services.

We continue to focus our efforts on growing our consumer revenue by maximizing utilization of our existing satellites while planning for new satellites to be launched or acquired. Our consumer revenue growth depends on our success in adding new and retaining existing subscribers in our domestic and international markets across wholesale and retail channels. The growth of our enterprise businesses, including aeronautical, relies heavily on global economic conditions and the competitive landscape for pricing relative to competitors and alternative technologies. Service costs related to ongoing support for our direct and indirect customers and partners are typically impacted most significantly by our growth.

Our Hughes segment currently uses capacity from three of our satellites (the SPACEWAY 3 satellite, the EchoStar XVII satellite and the EchoStar XIX satellite) and additional satellite capacity acquired from multiple third-party providers to provide services to our customers. Growth of our subscriber base becomes constrained in areas where we are nearing or have reached maximum capacity.  While these constraints are expected to be resolved when we launch new satellites, we continue to focus on subscriber growth in the areas where we have remaining capacity. 

In May 2019, we entered into an agreement with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) pursuant to which Yahsat will contribute its current satellite communications services business in Brazil to us in exchange for a 20% ownership interest in our existing Brazilian subsidiary that conducts our current satellite communications services business in Brazil. The combined business will provide broadband internet services and enterprise solutions in Brazil using the Telesat T19V and Eutelsat 65W satellites and Yahsat’s Al Yah 3 satellite.  Under the terms of the agreement, Yahsat may also acquire, for further cash investments, additional ownership interests in the business in the future provided certain conditions are met.  The completion of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and closing conditions.  No assurance can be given that the transaction will be consummated on the terms agreed to or at all.

In May 2019, we entered into an agreement with Bharti Airtel Limited (“BAL”) and its subsidiary, Bharti Airtel Services Limited (together with BAL, “Bharti”), pursuant to which Bharti will contribute its very small aperture terminal (“VSAT”) telecommunications services and hardware business in India to our two existing Indian subsidiaries that conduct our VSAT services and hardware business. The combined entities will provide broadband satellite and hybrid solutions for enterprise and government networks. Upon consummation of the transaction, Bharti will have a 33% ownership

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

interest in the combined business. The completion of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and closing conditions. No assurance can be given that the transaction will be consummated on the terms agreed to or at all.

In August 2018, we entered into an agreement with Yahsat to establish a new entity, Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (together with its subsidiaries, “BCS”), to provide commercial Ka-band satellite broadband services across Africa, the Middle East and southwest Asia operating over Yahsat's Al Yah 2 and Al Yah 3 Ka-band satellites. The transaction was consummated in December 2018 when we invested $100 million in cash in exchange for a 20% interest in BCS. Under the terms of the agreement, we may also acquire, for further cash investments, additional ownership interests in BCS in the future provided certain conditions are met. We supply network operations and management services and equipment to BCS.

In August 2017, we entered into a contract for the design and construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite, a new, next-generation, high throughput geostationary satellite, with a planned 2021 launch. The EchoStar XXIV satellite is primarily intended to provide additional capacity for our HughesNet satellite internet service (“HughesNet service”) in North, Central and South America as well as aeronautical and enterprise broadband services. In March 2018, the Federal Communications Commission granted authorization to construct, deploy and operate the EchoStar XXIV satellite. In the first quarter of 2019, Maxar Technologies Inc. (“Maxar”), the parent company of Space Systems/Loral, LLC (“SSL”), the manufacturer of our EchoStar XXIV satellite, announced that, although it will continue to operate its geostationary communications satellite business, it intends to adjust its organization to better align costs with revenue. SSL has indicated to us that it intends to meet its contractual obligations regarding the timely manufacture and delivery of the EchoStar XXIV satellite. However, if SSL fails to meet or is delayed in meeting these obligations for any reason, including if Maxar decides to significantly modify its geostationary communications satellite business, such failure could have a material adverse impact on our business operations, future revenues, financial position and prospects, the completion of the manufacture of the EchoStar XXIV satellite and our planned expansion of satellite broadband services throughout North, South and Central America. Capital expenditures associated with the construction and launch of the EchoStar XXIV satellite are included in Corporate and Other in our segment reporting.

In March 2017, we and a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH entered into a master service agreement (the “Hughes Broadband MSA”). Pursuant to the Hughes Broadband MSA, DISH’s subsidiary, among other things: (i) has the right, but not the obligation, to market, promote and solicit orders and upgrades for the HughesNet service and related equipment and other telecommunication services and (ii) installs HughesNet service equipment with respect to activations generated by the DISH subsidiary.  As a result of the Hughes Broadband MSA, we have not earned and do not expect to earn in the future, significant equipment revenue from our distribution agreement with another wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH. We expect churn in the existing wholesale subscribers to continue to reduce Services and other revenue - DISH Network in the future.

Developments toward the launch of next-generation satellite systems including low-earth orbit (“LEO”), medium-earth orbit (“MEO”) and geostationary systems could provide additional opportunities to drive the demand for our equipment, hardware, technology and services. In June 2015, we made an equity investment in OneWeb Global Limited (the successor in interest to WorldVue Satellite Limited) (“OneWeb”), a global LEO satellite service company. The investment is reflected in Corporate and Other. In addition, we have an agreement with OneWeb to provide certain equipment and services in connection with the ground network system for OneWeb’s LEO satellites. We expect to continue delivering additional equipment and services to OneWeb.

We continue our efforts to expand our consumer satellite services business outside of the U.S. In April 2014, we entered into a 15-year agreement with Eutelsat do Brasil for Ka-band capacity into Brazil on the EUTELSAT 65 West. We began delivering high-speed consumer satellite broadband services in Brazil in July 2016. Additionally, in September 2015, we entered into 15-year agreements with affiliates of Telesat Canada for Ka-band capacity on the Telesat T19V satellite located at the 63 degree west longitude orbital location, which was launched in July 2018. Telesat T19V was placed in service during the fourth quarter of 2018 and augmented the capacity being provided by the EUTELSAT 65 West A and EchoStar XIX satellites in Central and South America. We currently provide satellite broadband internet service in several Central and South American countries, and expect to launch similar services in other Central and South American countries.

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our subscriber metrics as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the quarter then ended are as follows were:

	As of
	March 31, 2019	December 31, 2018
Broadband subscribers	1,388,000	1,361,000

	For the three months ended
	March 31, 2019	December 31, 2018
Net additions	28,000	29,000

Our broadband subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet services in North, Central and South America through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels. During the first quarter of 2019, our gross subscriber additions decreased by 3,000 compared to the fourth quarter of 2018. Our net subscriber additions for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 decreased by 1,000 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to capacity constraint on our satellites servicing North America. The decrease in net subscriber additions was partially offset by the growth in our consumer business in Central and South America.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our Hughes segment had $1.65 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively, of contracted revenue backlog. We define Hughes contracted revenue backlog as our expected future revenue, including lease revenue, under customer contracts that are non-cancelable, excluding agreements with customers in our consumer market.

ESS Segment

Our ESS segment is a global provider of satellite operations and satellite services. We operate our business using our owned and leased in-orbit satellites and related licenses. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to continuously make use of our available satellite capacity with existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. Our ESS segment, like others in the fixed satellite services industry, has encountered, and may continue to encounter, negative pressure on transponder rates and demand. We are also pursuing other opportunities such as providing value added services such as telemetry, tracking and control (“TT&C”) services to third parties, which leverage the ground monitoring networks and personnel currently within our ESS segment.

We provide satellite operations and satellite services on a full-time and/or occasional-use basis primarily to DISH Network Corporation and its subsidiaries (“DISH Network”), our joint venture Dish Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., (“Dish Mexico”), U.S. government service providers, internet service providers, broadcast news organizations, content providers and private enterprise customers.

We depend on DISH Network for a significant portion of the revenue for our ESS segment, and we expect that DISH Network will continue to be the primary source of revenue for our ESS segment as we have entered into certain commercial agreements with DISH Network pursuant to which we provide DISH Network with satellite services at fixed prices for varying lengths of time depending on the satellite.  Therefore, the results of operations of our ESS segment are linked to changes in DISH Network’s satellite capacity requirements, which historically have been driven by the addition of new channels and migration of programming to high-definition television and video on demand services. DISH Network’s future satellite capacity requirements may change for a variety of reasons, including its ability to construct and launch or acquire its own satellites, to continue to add new channels and/or to migrate to the provision of such channels and other video on demand services through streaming and other alternative technologies. There is no assurance that we will continue to provide satellite services to DISH Network beyond the terms of our agreements. Any termination or reduction in the satellite services we provide to DISH Network would cause us to have unused capacity on our satellites and require that we aggressively pursue alternative sources of revenue for this business.

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The agreement with DISH Network to lease satellite capacity on the EchoStar VII satellite expired in June 2018. As a result, we expect a $43 million annualized decrease in our revenue.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our ESS segment had contracted revenue backlog of $756 million and $832 million respectively. We define contracted revenue backlog for our ESS segment as contracted future satellite lease revenue.

Other Business Opportunities

Our industry continues to evolve with the increasing worldwide demand for broadband internet access for information, entertainment and commerce. In addition to fiber and wireless systems, other technologies such as geostationary high throughput satellites, LEO networks, MEO systems, balloons and High Altitude Platform Systems are expected to play significant roles in enabling global broadband access, networks and services. We intend to use our expertise, technologies, capital, investments, global presence, relationships and other capabilities to continue to provide broadband internet systems, equipment, networks and services for information, the internet-of-things, entertainment and commerce in North America and internationally for consumers, as well as aeronautical, enterprise and government customers. We are closely tracking the developments in next-generation satellite businesses, and we are seeking to utilize our services, technologies and expertise to find new commercial opportunities for our business.

We intend to continue to selectively explore opportunities to pursue investments, commercial alliances, partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives and transactions, domestically and internationally, that we believe may allow us to increase our existing market share, increase our satellite capacity, expand into new markets and new customers, broaden our portfolio of services, products and intellectual property, make our business more valuable, align us for future growth and expansion, maximize the return on our investments, and strengthen our business and relationships with our customers. We may allocate or dispose of significant resources for long-term value that may not have a short or medium-term or any positive impact on our revenue, results of operations, or cash flow.

In 2012, we acquired the right to use various frequencies at the 45 degree west longitude orbital location (“45 West”) from ANATEL, the Brazilian communications regulatory agency. In October 2017, ANATEL declined our request to extend milestone deadlines we had for our S- band and Ka- band license at 45 West; and, as a result, we do not have the right to use such license and may be subject to penalties as a result of our failure to meet these milestones. In January 2019, we determined that we are not able to develop a business using our 45 West regulatory authorization and, as a result, plan to relocate our EchoStar XXIII satellite. In order to relocate our satellite, we provided notice of the relocation to ANATEL asking for termination of our 45 West regulatory authorization.

In December 2013, we acquired an entity based in Dublin, Ireland, which we subsequently renamed EchoStar Mobile Limited (“EML”). EML is licensed by the European Union and its member states (“EU”) to provide mobile satellite service (“MSS”) and complementary ground component (“CGC”) services covering the entire EU using S-band spectrum. Our EchoStar XXI satellite, which provides space segment capacity to EML in the EU, was launched in June 2017 and placed into service in November 2017. Commercial service has been available on our EchoStar XXI satellite since the fourth quarter of 2017. EML is focused on expanding its MSS operations in the EU through development of innovative mobile and machine-to-machine products and services. We believe we are in a unique position to deploy a European wide MSS and CGC network and maximize the long-term value of our S-band spectrum in Europe and other regions within the scope of our licenses.

Cybersecurity

As a global provider of satellite technologies and services, internet services and communications equipment and networks, we may be prone to more targeted and persistent levels of cyber-attacks than other businesses. These risks may be more prevalent as we continue to expand and grow our business into other areas of the world outside of North America, some of which are still developing their cybersecurity infrastructure maturity. Detecting, deterring, preventing and mitigating incidents caused by hackers and other parties may result in significant costs to us and may expose our customers to financial or other harm that have the potential to significantly increase our liability.

We treat cybersecurity risk seriously and are focused on maintaining the security of our and our partners’ systems, networks, technologies and data. We regularly review and revise our relevant policies and procedures, invest in and

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

maintain internal resources, personnel and systems and review, modify and supplement our defenses through the use of various services, programs and outside vendors. We also maintain agreements with third party vendors and experts to assist in our remediation and mitigation efforts if we experience or identify a material incident or threat. In addition, senior management and the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors are regularly briefed on cybersecurity matters.

We are not aware of any cyber-incidents with respect to our owned or leased satellites or other networks, equipment or systems that have had a material adverse effect on our business, costs, operations, prospects, results of operation or financial position during the three months ended March 31, 2019. There can be no assurance, however, that any such incident can be detected or thwarted or will not have such a material adverse effect in the future.

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

	For the three months ended March 31,						Variance
Statements of Operations Data (1)	2019			2018			Amount			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
Services and other revenue - DISH Network	$	85,888		$	103,805		$	(17,917	)	(17.3	)
Services and other revenue - other	393,480			355,040			38,440			10.8
Equipment revenue	51,714			42,947			8,767			20.4
Total revenue	531,082			501,792			29,290			5.8
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other	153,571			148,745			4,826			3.2
% of total services and other revenue	32.0		%	32.4		%
Cost of sales - equipment	45,007			39,071			5,936			15.2
% of total equipment revenue	87.0		%	91.0		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	112,134			103,275			8,859			8.6
% of total revenue	21.1		%	20.6		%
Research and development expenses	6,888			7,137			(249		)	(3.5	)
% of total revenue	1.3		%	1.4		%
Depreciation and amortization	154,221			145,554			8,667			6.0
Total costs and expenses	471,821			443,782			28,039			6.3
Operating income	59,261			58,010			1,251			2.2
Other income (expense):
Interest income	24,429			15,635			8,794			56.2
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(59,882		)	(62,751		)	2,869			4.6
Gains (losses) on investments, net	6,418			(36,663		)	43,081			*
Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(6,353		)	(1,009		)	(5,344		)	*
Other, net	(685		)	204			(889		)	*
Total other expense, net	(36,073		)	(84,584		)	48,511			(57.4	)
Income (loss) before income taxes	23,188			(26,574		)	49,762			*
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(8,180		)	5,403			13,583			*
Net income (loss)	15,008			(21,171		)	36,179			*
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	806			380			426			*
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	14,202		$	(21,551	)	$	35,753		*
Other data:
EBITDA (2)	$	212,056		$	165,716		$	46,340		28.0
Subscribers, end of period	1,388,000			1,267,000			121,000			9.6

*    Percentage is not meaningful.

(1) An explanation of our key metrics is included on pages 52 and 53 under the heading Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items.

(2) A reconciliation of EBITDA to Net income, the most directly comparable generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) measure in the accompanying financial statements, is included on page 47. For further information on our use of EBITDA, see Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items on page 53.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Continued

Services and other revenue - DISH Network.  Services and other revenue - DISH Network totaled $86 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $18 million or 17.3%, compared to the same period in 2018.

Services and other revenue - DISH Network from our Hughes segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $5 million, or 37.2%, to $9 million compared to the same period in 2018.  The decrease was primarily attributable to a continued decrease in residential wholesale broadband services.

Services and other revenue - DISH Network from our ESS segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $12 million, or 14.8%, to $72 million compared to the same period in 2018.  The decrease was due to revenue reduction of $11 million resulting from the expiration of DISH Network’s agreement to lease satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar VII satellite at the end of June 2018 and $1 million as a result of a decrease in satellite capacity leased to DISH Network on the EchoStar IX satellite.

Services and other revenue - other.  Services and other revenue - other totaled $393 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $38 million or 10.8%, compared to the same period in 2018. 

Services and other revenue - other from our Hughes segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $41 million, or 12.0%, to $384 million compared to the same period in 2018.  The increase was primarily attributable to increases in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers.

Services and other revenue - other from our ESS segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $3 million, or 24.3%, to $10 million compared to the same period in 2018.  The decrease was due to a net decrease in transponder services provided.

Equipment revenue.  Equipment revenue totaled $52 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $9 million or 20.4%, compared to the same period in 2018.  The increase was from our Hughes segment and mainly due to an increase in hardware sales of $11 million to our international enterprise customers and $4 million to our mobile satellite systems customers. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in hardware sales of $5 million to our domestic enterprise customers.

Cost of sales - services and other.  Cost of sales - services and other totaled $154 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $5 million or 3.2%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the costs of broadband services provided to our consumer customers associated with our Hughes segment.

Cost of sales - equipment.  Cost of sales - equipment totaled $45 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $6 million or 15.2%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was from our Hughes segment and primarily attributable to an increase in hardware sales to our international enterprise customers and our mobile satellite systems customers. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in hardware sales to our domestic enterprise customers.

Selling, general and administrative expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $112 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $9 million or 8.6%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs from our Hughes segment and an increase in marketing and promotional expenses from our Hughes segment mainly associated with our consumer business.

Depreciation and amortization.  Depreciation and amortization expenses totaled $154 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $9 million or 6.0%, compared to the same period in 2018.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in depreciation expense of (i) $3 million relating to our customer premises equipment, (ii) $3 million relating to the decrease in depreciable life of the SPACEWAY 3 satellite and (iii) $2 million relating the Telesat T19V satellite that was placed into service in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Interest income.  Interest income totaled $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $9 million or 56.2%, compared to the same period in 2018 primarily attributable to an increase in yield percentage in 2019 compared to 2018.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Continued

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized.  Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized totaled $60 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $3 million or 4.6%, compared to the same period in 2018.  The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $1 million in interest expense due to the repurchasing of some of HSS’s 6 1/2% Senior Secured Notes due 2019 (the “2019 Senior Secured Notes”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019 and a $1 million decrease in capitalized interest.

Gains (losses) on investments, net.  Gains (losses) on investments, net totaled $6 million in gains for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $43 million compared to the same period in 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the net gain of $6 million was primarily attributable to gains on certain marketable equity securities and on certain debt securities that we account for using the fair value option. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the loss of $37 million was attributable to losses on marketable equity securities.

Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net. Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net totaled $6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $1 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease was primarily related to our investments in our unconsolidated affiliates.

Other, net.  Other, net totaled $0.7 million in losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $0.2 million in income for three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily related to an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $1 million in 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.

Income tax benefit (provision), net.  Income tax provision was $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $14 million, compared to the same period in 2018. Our effective income tax rate was 35.3% and 20.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The variations in our current year effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were primarily due to the change in net unrealized losses that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were primarily due to research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes, the increase in our valuation allowance associated with unrealized losses that are capital in nature, and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses.

Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock.  Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock totaled $14.2 million in income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $36 million, compared to the same period in 2018 as set forth in the following table:

	Amounts
	(In thousands)
Net income attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the three months ended March 31, 2018	$	(21,551	)
Decrease in interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	2,869
Decrease in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(5,344		)
Increase in income tax provision, net	(13,583		)
Decrease in other income	(889		)
Increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(426		)
Increase in operating income, including depreciation and amortization	1,251
Increase in interest income	8,794
Increase in gains on investments, net	43,081
Net income attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the three months ended March 31, 2019	$	14,202

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Continued

EBITDA.  EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and is described under Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items below.  The following table reconciles EBITDA to Net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure in the accompanying financial statements.

	For the three months ended March 31,						Variance
	2019			2018			Amount			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	15,008		$	(21,171	)	$	36,179		*
Interest income and expense, net	35,453			47,116			(11,663		)	(24.8	)
Income tax (benefit) provision, net	8,180			(5,403		)	13,583			*
Depreciation and amortization	154,221			145,554			8,667			6.0
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(806		)	(380		)	(426		)	*
EBITDA	$	212,056		$	165,716		$	46,340		28.0

*    Percentage is not meaningful.

EBITDA was $212 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $46 million or 28.0%, compared to the same period in 2018.  The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization, of $10 million and (ii) an increase of $43 million in gains on investments, net of losses and write-downs. The increases were partially offset by (i) a decrease of $5 million in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net and (ii) a decrease in other income of $1 million.

Segment Operating Results and Capital Expenditures

	Hughes		ESS			Corporate and Other			Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
Total revenue	$	445,337	$	81,259		$	4,486		$	531,082
Capital expenditures	$	73,821	$	108		$	38,033		$	111,962
EBITDA	$	161,132	$	68,717		$	(17,793	)	$	212,056
For the three months ended March 31, 2018
Total revenue	$	400,818	$	96,753		$	4,221		$	501,792
Capital expenditures	$	87,291	$	(77,038	)	$	40,729		$	50,982
EBITDA	$	136,713	$	84,150		$	(55,147	)	$	165,716

Hughes Segment

	For the three months ended March 31,				Variance
	2019		2018		Amount			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue	$	445,337	$	400,818	$	44,519		11.1
Capital expenditures	$	73,821	$	87,291	$	(13,470	)	(15.4	)
EBITDA	$	161,132	$	136,713	$	24,419		17.9

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Continued

Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $45 million, or 11.1%, compared to the same period in 2018.  The increase was primarily due to an increase of $35 million in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers and increases in hardware sales of $11 million to our international enterprise customers and $4 million to our mobile satellite systems customers. The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $5 million in hardware sales to our domestic enterprise customer.

Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $13 million, or 15.4%, compared to the same period in 2018, primarily due to decreases in capital expenditures relating to our consumer business of $11 million and a net decrease in capital expenditures associated with our satellites.

EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $161 million, an increase of $24 million, or 17.9%, compared to the same period in 2018.  The increase was primarily due to an increase of $34 million in gross margin, partially offset by an increase of $8 million in selling, general and administrative expenses.

ESS Segment

	For the three months ended March 31,					Variance
	2019		2018			Amount			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue	$	81,259	$	96,753		$	(15,494	)	(16.0	)
Capital expenditures	$	108	$	(77,038	)	$	77,146		*
EBITDA	$	68,717	$	84,150		$	(15,433	)	(18.3	)

*    Percentage is not meaningful.

Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $15 million, or 16.0%, compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease was attributable to revenue reduction of $11 million resulting from the expiration of DISH Network’s agreement to lease satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar VII satellite at the end of June 2018, $3 million related to other transponder lease services and $1 million as a result of a decrease in satellite capacity leased to DISH Network on the EchoStar IX satellite.

Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $77 million compared to the same period in 2018, primarily due to a reimbursement of $77 million related to the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite received in the first quarter of 2018.

EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $69 million, a decrease of $15 million, or 18.3%, compared to the same period in 2018, primarily due to the decrease in total revenue.

Corporate and Other

 

	For the three months ended March 31,						Variance
	2019			2018			Amount			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue	$	4,486		$	4,221		$	265		6.3
Capital expenditures	$	38,033		$	40,729		$	(2,696	)	(6.6	)
EBITDA	$	(17,793	)	$	(55,147	)	$	37,354		(67.7	)

Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $3 million, or 6.6%, compared to the same period in 2018, primarily related to decreases of $7 million in satellite expenditures on the EchoStar XIX satellite, partially offset by increases of $3 million in satellite expenditures on the EchoStar XXIV satellite ground system.

EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was a loss of $18 million, an increase of $37 million compared to the same period in 2018. The increase is largely attributable to a net gain of $6 million primarily attributable to gains

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Continued

on certain marketable equity securities and on certain debt securities that we account for using the fair value option compared to the loss of $37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 attributable to losses on marketable equity securities. The increase was partially offset by $5 million related to unfavorable foreign exchange impact and a decrease in earnings from investments in our unconsolidated affiliates.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Current Marketable Investment Securities

We consider all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of less than 90 days to be cash equivalents. See Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for further discussion regarding our marketable investment securities.

As of March 31, 2019, our cash, cash equivalents, including restricted cash, and current marketable investment securities, totaled $3.3 billion compared to $3.2 billion as of December 31, 2018.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we held $1.9 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively, of marketable investment securities, consisting of various debt and equity instruments including corporate bonds, corporate equity securities, government bonds and mutual funds.

The following discussion highlights our cash flow activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Cash flows from operating activities. We typically reinvest the cash flow from operating activities in our business. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we reported net cash inflows from operating activities of $176 million, an increase of $41 million, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in cash inflows was primarily attributable to an increase of $20 million resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by higher net income of $21 million adjusted to exclude: (i) Depreciation and amortization; (ii) Amortization of debt issuance costs, (iii) Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net; (iv) (Gains) losses on investments, net; (v) Stock-based compensation; and (vi) Deferred tax (benefit) provision.

Cash flows from investing activities. Our investing activities generally include purchases and sales of marketable investment securities, capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we reported net cash inflows from investing activities of $268 million, an increase of $590 million, compared to the same period in 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had net sales and maturities of marketable securities of $387 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we had net purchases of marketable securities of $264 million and we received a reimbursement of $77 million related to the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite.

Cash flows from financing activities. Our financing activities generally include proceeds related to the issuance of debt and cash used for the repurchase, redemption or payment of debt and capital lease obligations and the proceeds from Class A common stock options exercised and stock issued under our stock incentive plans and employee stock purchase plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we reported net cash outflows from financing activities of $22 million compared to net cash outflows of $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Net cash outflows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included $8 million for the repurchasing of debt in first quarter 2019 and $7 million for the purchase of noncontrolling shareholder interests in a subsidiary of ours that were held by an unaffiliated third party. These transactions did not occur during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Obligations and Future Capital Requirements

Contractual Obligations

As of March 31, 2019, our satellite-related obligations were $703 million. Our satellite-related obligations primarily include payments pursuant to agreements for the construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite; payments pursuant to regulatory authorizations; non-lease costs associated with our finance lease satellites; and in-orbit incentives relating to certain satellites; as well as commitments for satellite service arrangements.

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We generally do not engage in off-balance sheet financing activities or use derivative financial instruments for hedge accounting or speculative purposes.

Letters of Credit

As of March 31, 2019, we had $40 million of letters of credit and insurance bonds. Of this amount, $11 million was secured by restricted cash, $4 million was related to insurance bonds and $25 million was issued under credit arrangements available to our foreign subsidiaries. Certain letters of credit are secured by assets of our foreign subsidiaries.

Satellite Insurance

We historically have not carried in-orbit insurance on our satellites because we have assessed that the cost of insurance is not economical relative to the risk of failures. Therefore, we generally bear the risk of any in-orbit failures. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements governing certain portions of our indebtedness, we are required, subject to certain limitations on coverage, to maintain in-orbit insurance for our SPACEWAY 3, EchoStar XVI and EchoStar XVII satellites. Our other satellites, either in orbit or under construction, are not covered by launch or in-orbit insurance. We will continue to assess circumstances going forward and make insurance decisions on a case-by-case basis.

Future Capital Requirements

We primarily rely on our existing cash and marketable investment securities balances, as well as cash flow generated through our operations to fund our business. The loss of or a significant reduction in provision of satellite services would significantly reduce our revenue and materially adversely impact our results of operations. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to continuously make use of our available satellite capacity with existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. Consumer revenue in our Hughes segment depends on our success in adding new and retaining existing subscribers and driving higher average revenue per subscriber across our wholesale and retail channels. Revenue in our aeronautical, enterprise and equipment businesses relies heavily on global economic conditions and the competitive landscape for pricing relative to competitors and alternative technologies. Service costs related to ongoing support of our direct and indirect customers and partners are typically impacted most significantly by our growth. There can be no assurance that we will have positive cash flows from operations.  Furthermore, if we experience negative cash flows, our existing cash and marketable investment securities balances may be reduced.

We have a significant amount of outstanding indebtedness. As of March 31, 2019, our total indebtedness was $3.5 billion, of which $219 million related to capital lease obligations. See our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the terms of our indebtedness. Our liquidity requirements will be significant, primarily due to our debt service requirements and the design and construction of our new EchoStar XXIV satellite. HSS’s 2019 Senior Secured Notes have an outstanding principal balance as of April 30, 2019 of $909 million and will mature and be due and payable in June 2019. As of April 30, 2019, we have repurchased a total of $81 million in principal of the 2019 Senior Secured Notes in open market trades.  We may from time to time seek to purchase additional amounts of such notes and/or amounts of our other outstanding debt in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions, our liquidity needs and other factors. The amounts we may repurchase may be material. In addition, our future capital expenditures are likely to increase if we make acquisitions or additional investments in infrastructure or joint ventures to support and expand our business, or if we decide to purchase or build one or more additional satellites. Other aspects of our business operations may also require additional capital. We periodically evaluate various strategic initiatives, the pursuit of which could also require us to invest or raise significant additional capital, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“2017 Tax Act”) limits the deductibility of interest expense for U.S. federal income tax purposes. While the 2017 Tax Act generally is likely to reduce our federal income tax obligations, if these limitations or other newly enacted provisions become applicable to us they could minimize such reductions or otherwise require us to pay additional federal income taxes, which in turn could result in additional liquidity needs. We expect to owe U.S. Federal income tax for 2019.

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We anticipate that our existing cash and marketable investment securities are sufficient to repay the 2019 Senior Secured Notes that mature and are due and payable in June 2019 and to fund the currently anticipated operations of our business through the next twelve months.

Satellites

As our satellite fleet ages, we will be required to evaluate replacement alternatives such as acquiring, leasing or constructing additional satellites, with or without customer commitments for capacity. We may also construct, acquire or lease additional satellites in the future to provide satellite services at additional orbital locations or to improve the quality of our satellite services.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheets, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for each reporting period, and certain information disclosed in the notes to our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.  We base our estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances.  Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts, and such differences may be material to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.  We review our estimates and assumptions periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period they occur or prospectively if the revised estimate affects future periods.  The following represent what we believe are the critical accounting policies that may involve a high degree of estimation, judgment and complexity.  For a summary of our significant accounting policies, including those discussed below, see Note 2 in the notes to our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Contingent Liabilities

We record an accrual for litigation and other loss contingencies when we determine that a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.  Legal fees and other costs of defending litigation are charged to expense as incurred.  A significant amount of management judgment is required in determining whether an accrual should be recorded for a loss contingency and the amount of such accrual.  Estimates generally are developed in consultation with legal counsel and are based on an analysis of potential outcomes.  Due to the inherent uncertainty in determining the likelihood of potential outcomes and the potential financial statement impact of such outcomes, it is possible that upon further development or resolution of a contingent matter, charges related to existing loss contingencies could be recorded in future periods, which could be material to our consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Revenue Recognition

Our Hughes segment enters into contracts to design, develop and deliver telecommunication networks to customers in our enterprise and mobile satellite systems markets.  Those contracts require significant effort to develop and construct the network over an extended time period.  Revenue from such contracts is recognized over time using an appropriate method to measure progress toward completion.  Depending on the nature of the arrangement, we measure progress toward completion using the cost-to-cost input method or the units-of-delivery output method.  Under the cost-to-cost method, revenue reflects the ratio of costs incurred to estimated total costs at completion.  Under the units-of-delivery method, revenue and related costs are recognized as products are delivered based on the expected profit for the entire agreement.  Profit margins on long-term contracts are based on estimates of total revenue and costs at completion.  We review and revise our estimates periodically and recognize related adjustments in the period in which the revisions are made.  Estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the period in which they are identified.  Changes in our periodic estimates for these contracts could result in significant adjustments to our revenue or costs, which could be material to our consolidated results of operations.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We evaluate our long-lived assets other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.  The carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is considered to not be recoverable when the estimated future undiscounted cash flows from such asset or asset group is less than its carrying amount.  In that event, an impairment loss is recorded in the determination of operating income based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset or asset group.  Fair value is determined primarily using discounted cash flow techniques reflecting the estimated cash flows and discount rate that would be assumed by a market participant for the asset or asset group under review.  Our discounted cash flow estimates typically include assumptions based on unobservable inputs and may reflect probability-weighting of alternative scenarios.  Estimated losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale may be determined in a similar manner, except that fair value estimates are reduced for estimated selling costs.  Changes in estimates of future cash flows, discount rates and other assumptions could result in recognition of additional impairment losses in future periods.

Seasonality

For our Hughes segment, service revenue is generally not impacted by seasonal fluctuations other than those associated with fluctuations related to sales and promotional activities. However, like many communications infrastructure equipment vendors, a higher amount of our hardware revenue occurs in the second half of the year due to our customers’ annual procurement and budget cycles. Large enterprises and operators often allocate their capital expenditure budgets at the beginning of their fiscal year (which often coincides with the calendar year). The typical sales cycle for large complex system procurements is six to 12 months, which often results in the customer expenditure occurring towards the end of the year. Customers often seek to expend the budgeted funds prior to the end of the year and the next budget cycle.

Our ESS segment is not generally affected by seasonal impacts.

Inflation

Inflation has not materially affected our operations during the past three years. We believe that our ability to increase the prices charged for our products and services in future periods will depend primarily on competitive pressures or contractual terms.

EXPLANATION OF KEY METRICS AND OTHER ITEMS

Services and other revenue - DISH Network. Services and other revenue - DISH Network primarily includes revenue associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, TT&C, professional services, facilities rental revenue and other services provided to DISH Network. Services and other revenue - DISH Network also includes subscriber wholesale service fees for the HughesNet service sold to DISH Network.

Services and other revenue - other. Services and other revenue - other primarily includes the sales of enterprise and consumer broadband services, as well as maintenance and other contracted services. Services and other revenue - other also includes revenue associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, satellite uplinking/downlinking and other services provided to customers other than DISH Network.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue primarily includes broadband equipment and networks sold to customers in our enterprise and consumer markets and sales of satellite broadband equipment and related equipment, related to the HughesNet service, to DISH Network.

Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other primarily includes the cost of broadband services provided to our enterprise and consumer customers, and to DISH Network, as well as the cost of providing maintenance and other contracted services. Cost of sales - services and other also includes the costs associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, TT&C, professional services, facilities rental costs and other services provided to our customers, including DISH Network.

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Item 2.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment consists primarily of the cost of broadband equipment and networks sold to customers in our enterprise and consumer markets and to DISH Network. Cost of sales - equipment also includes certain other costs associated with the deployment of equipment to our customers.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily includes selling and marketing costs and employee-related costs associated with administrative services (e.g., information systems, human resources and other services), including stock-based compensation expense. It also includes professional fees (e.g. legal, information systems and accounting services) and other items associated with facilities and administrative services provided by DISH Network and other third parties.

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses primarily includes costs associated with the design and development of products to support future growth and provide new technology and innovation to our customers.

Interest income. Interest income primarily includes interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities, including premium amortization and discount accretion on debt securities.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized primarily includes interest expense associated with our debt and capital lease obligations (net of capitalized interest) and amortization of debt issuance costs.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net primarily includes changes in fair value of our marketable equity securities and other investments for which we have elected the fair value option. It may also include realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of our available-for-sale debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment losses on our available-for-sale securities, realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of our investments in unconsolidated entities and adjustments to the carrying amount of investments in unconsolidated entities resulting from impairments and observable price changes.

Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net. Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net includes earnings or losses from our investments accounted for using the equity method.

Other, net. Other, net primarily includes foreign exchange gains and losses, dividends received from our marketable investment securities and other non-operating income or expense items that are not appropriately classified elsewhere in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). EBITDA is defined as Net income (loss) excluding Interest income and expense, net, Income tax benefit (provision), net, Depreciation and amortization and Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests. EBITDA is not a measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP measure is reconciled to Net income (loss) in our discussion of Results of Operations above. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income, net income or any other measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. EBITDA is used by our management as a measure of operating efficiency and overall financial performance for benchmarking against our peers and competitors. Management believes EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information regarding the underlying operating performance of our business and is appropriate to enhance an overall understanding of our financial performance. Management also believes that EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate the performance of companies in our industry.

Subscribers. Subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet service, through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels.

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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risks Associated with Financial Instruments and Foreign Currency

Our investments and debt are exposed to market risks, discussed below.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Current Marketable Investment Securities

As of March 31, 2019, our cash, cash equivalents and current marketable investment securities had a fair value of $3.27 billion. Of this amount, a total of $3.21 billion was invested in: (a) cash; (b) commercial paper and corporate notes with an overall average maturity of less than one year and rated in one of the four highest rating categories by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations; (c) debt instruments of the United States (“U.S.”) government and its agencies; and/or (d) instruments with similar risk, duration and credit quality characteristics to the commercial paper and corporate obligations described above. The primary purpose of these investing activities has been to preserve principal until the cash is required to, among other things, fund operations, make strategic investments and expand the business. Consequently, the size of this portfolio fluctuates significantly as cash is received and used in our business. The value of this portfolio may be negatively impacted by credit losses; however, this risk is mitigated through diversification that limits our exposure to any one issuer.

Interest Rate Risk

A change in interest rates would not affect the fair value of our cash, or materially affect the fair value of our cash equivalents due to their maturities of less than 90 days. A change in interest rates would affect the fair value of our current marketable debt securities portfolio; however, we normally hold these investments to maturity. Based on our cash, cash equivalents and current marketable debt securities investment portfolio of $3.21 billion as of March 31, 2019, a hypothetical 10% change in average interest rates during the first quarter of 2019 would not have had a material impact on the fair value of our cash, cash equivalents and debt securities portfolio due to the limited duration of our investments.

Our cash, cash equivalents and current marketable debt securities had an average annual rate of return for the three months ended March 31, 2019 of 2.3%. A change in interest rates would affect our future annual interest income from this portfolio, since funds would be re-invested at different rates as the instruments mature. A hypothetical 10% decrease in average interest rates during the first quarter of 2019 would have resulted in a decrease of $7.1 million in annual interest income.

Strategic Marketable Investment Securities

As of March 31, 2019, we held current strategic investments in the publicly traded securities of several companies with a fair value of $117.8 million. These investments, which are held for strategic and financial purposes, are concentrated in a small number of companies, are highly speculative and have experienced and continue to experience volatility. The fair value of these investments can be significantly impacted by the risk of adverse changes in securities markets generally, as well as risks related to the performance of the companies whose securities we have invested in, risks associated with specific industries and other factors. These investments are subject to significant fluctuations in fair value due to the volatility of the securities markets and of the underlying businesses. In general, our strategic marketable investment securities portfolio is not significantly impacted by interest rate fluctuations as it currently consists primarily of equity securities, the value of which is more closely related to factors specific to the underlying business. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in the market price of our public strategic equity investments during the first quarter of 2019 would have resulted in a decrease of $11.8 million in the fair value of these investments.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

As of March 31, 2019, we had investments with an aggregate carrying amount of $228 million in securities of privately held companies that we hold for strategic business purposes. The fair value of these investments is not readily determinable. We periodically review these investments and we may estimate fair value and adjust the carrying amount when there are indications of impairment or observable prices changes for the investments. A hypothetical adverse change equal to 10% of the carrying amount of these equity instruments during the first quarter of 2019 would have resulted in a decrease of $22.8 million in the value of these investments.

54

Our ability to realize value from our strategic investments in companies that are privately held depends on the success of those companies’ businesses and their ability to obtain sufficient capital to execute their business plans. Because private markets are not as liquid as public markets, there is also increased risk that we will not be able to sell these investments, or that when we desire to sell them we will not be able to obtain fair value for them.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We generally conduct our business in U.S. dollars. Our international business is conducted in a variety of foreign currencies with our largest exposures being to the Brazilian real, the Indian rupee and the British pound. This exposes us to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Transactions in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect on the dates of the transactions.

Our objective in managing our exposure to foreign currency changes is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Accordingly, we may enter into foreign currency forward contracts, or take other measures, to mitigate risks associated with foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency transactions. As of March 31, 2019, we had $9 million of net foreign currency denominated receivables and payables outstanding and foreign currency forward contracts with a notional value of $5 million in place to partially mitigate foreign currency exchange risk. The estimated fair values of the foreign exchange contracts were not material as of March 31, 2019. The impact of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in exchange rates on the carrying amount of the net assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries during 2019 would have been an estimated loss to the cumulative translation adjustment of $24 million as of March 31, 2019.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We generally do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes and we generally do not apply hedge accounting treatment to our derivative financial instruments. We evaluate our derivative financial instruments from time to time but there can be no assurance that we will not enter into additional foreign currency forward contracts, or take other measures, in the future to mitigate our foreign exchange risk.

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ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report such that the information required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to review our internal control over financial reporting and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing its effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a discussion of legal proceedings, see Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 15 Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 includes a detailed discussion of our risk factors.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases of our Class A common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

Financial Results

On May 8, 2019, we issued a press release (the “Press Release”) announcing our financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. A copy of the Press Release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1. The foregoing information, including the exhibit related thereto, is furnished in response to Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and shall not be deemed filed for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or into any filing or other document pursuant to the Exchange Act, except as otherwise expressly stated in any such filing.

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ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description
31.1(H)	Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2(H)	Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1(I)	Section 906 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
99.1(I)	Press release dated May 8, 2019 issued by EchoStar Corporation regarding financial results for the period ended March 31, 2019
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.

(H) Filed herewith.

(I) Furnished herewith

* Incorporated by reference.

** Constitutes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		ECHOSTAR CORPORATION
Date: May 8, 2019	By:	/s/ Michael T. Dugan
		Michael T. Dugan
		Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 8, 2019	By:	/s/ David J. Rayner
		David J. Rayner
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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