20-F 1 c15678e20vf.htm FORM 20-F Form 20-F
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
FORM 20-F
 
(Mark One)
     
o   Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
or
     
þ   Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.
or
     
o   Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
or
     
o   Shell company report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
     
    Date of event requiring this shell company report                     
Commission file number: 001-33768
CNINSURE INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
22/F, Yinhai Building
No. 299 Yanjiang Zhong Road
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510110
People’s Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Peng Ge, Chief Financial Officer
Tel: +86 20 6122-2777
E-mail: gepeng@cninsure.net
Fax: +86 20 6126-2893
22/F, Yinhai Building
No. 299 Yanjiang Zhong Road
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510110
People’s Republic of China
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share*   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
American depositary shares, each representing   (The NASDAQ Global Select Market)
20 ordinary shares    
*  
Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on The NASDAQ Global Select Market of American depositary shares, each representing 20 ordinary shares.
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
1,010,997,726 ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share as of December 31, 2010
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
         
Large accelerated filer þ   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP þ
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board o
Other o
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 o Item 18 o
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes o No o
 
 

 

 


 

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 Exhibit 4.18
 Exhibit 4.19
 Exhibit 4.20
 Exhibit 4.21
 Exhibit 4.22
 Exhibit 4.23
 Exhibit 4.24
 Exhibit 4.25
 Exhibit 4.26
 Exhibit 4.27
 Exhibit 4.28
 Exhibit 4.29
 Exhibit 4.30
 Exhibit 4.31
 Exhibit 4.32
 Exhibit 4.33
 Exhibit 4.34
 Exhibit 4.35
 Exhibit 4.36
 Exhibit 4.37
 Exhibit 8.1
 Exhibit 12.1
 Exhibit 12.2
 Exhibit 13.1
 Exhibit 13.2
 Exhibit 15.1
 Exhibit 15.2
 Exhibit 15.3

 

 


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INTRODUCTION
In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires:
   
“we,” “us,” “our company,” “our” or “CNinsure” refer to CNinsure Inc., its subsidiaries and any entity carrying on CNinsure’s current business prior to the restructuring transactions in July 2007, through which CNinsure became the listing vehicle in our initial public offering, and their respective subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities;
   
“China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, solely for the purpose of this annual report, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau;
   
“provinces” of China refers to the 22 provinces, the four municipalities directly administered by the central government (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing) and the five autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Guangxi);
   
“shares” or “ordinary shares” refers to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share;
   
“ADSs” refers to our American depositary shares, each of which represents 20 ordinary shares;
   
all references to “RMB” or “Renminbi” are to the legal currency of China and all references to “$,” “dollars,” “US$” and “U.S. dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States; and
   
all discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 20-F contains statements of a forward-looking nature. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:
   
our anticipated growth strategies;
   
the anticipated growth of our life insurance business;
   
our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;
   
factors that affect our future revenues and expenses;
   
the future growth of the Chinese insurance industry as a whole and the professional insurance intermediary sector in particular;
   
trends and competition in the Chinese insurance industry; and
   
economic and demographic trends in the PRC.

 

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You should read thoroughly this annual report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. We would like to caution you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and you should read these statements in conjunction with the risk factors disclosed in “Item 3. Key Information —D. Risk Factors” of this annual report. Those risks are not exhaustive. We operate in an emerging and evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is impossible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable law.

 

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PART I
Item 1.  
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not Applicable.
Item 2.  
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not Applicable.
Item 3.  
Key Information
A.  
Selected Financial Data
The following selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2009 and 2010 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in this annual report beginning on page F-1. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this annual report.
In this annual report, our consolidated financial information for 2006 through 2010 refers collectively to our consolidated financial information for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” below. Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

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    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2006     2007     2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands, except shares, per share and per ADS data)  
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data
                                               
Net revenues:
                                               
Commissions and fees
    245,652       446,929       843,107       1,154,090       1,484,389       224,907  
Other service fees
    897       1,216       855       761       640       97  
 
                                   
Total net revenues
    246,549       448,145       843,962       1,154,851       1,485,029       225,004  
 
                                   
Operating costs and expenses:
                                               
Commissions and fees
    (133,076 )     (232,550 )     (436,803 )     (579,911 )     (708,403 )     (107,333 )
Selling expenses
    (11,288 )     (9,514 )     (17,328 )     (49,498 )     (73,567 )     (11,147 )
General and administrative expenses(1)
    (52,119 )     (68,177 )     (180,031 )     (199,246 )     (271,444 )     (41,128 )
 
                                   
Total operating costs and expenses
    (196,483 )     (310,241 )     (634,162 )     (828,655 )     (1,053,414 )     (159,608 )
 
                                   
Income from operations
    50,066       137,904       209,800       326,196       431,615       65,396  
Other income (expense), net:
                                               
Gain on disposal of investment in a subsidiary
                525                    
Investment income
                      18,905       41,244       6,249  
Interest income
    5,364       16,235       47,967       33,299       26,924       4,080  
Interest expense
    (34 )     (25 )     (95 )     (4 )     (5 )     (1 )
Others, net
    5       (2 )     (28 )     1,408       391       59  
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration payables
                      (5,946 )            
 
                                   
Net income before income taxes and income of affiliates
    55,401       154,112       258,169       373,858       500,169       75,783  
Income tax benefit (expense)
    573       (3,178 )     (62,438 )     (95,618 )     (96,743 )     (14,658 )
Share of income of affiliates
                135       774       12,904       1,955  
 
                                   
Net income
    55,974       150,934       195,866       279,014       416,330       63,080  
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests
    (1,421 )     (2,424 )     4,129       (21,827 )     (5,978 )     (906 )
 
                                   
Net income attributable to the CNinsure Inc.’s shareholders
    57,395       153,358       191,737       300,841       422,308       63,986  
 
                                   
Net income per share (giving effect to the 10,000-for-1 share exchange in 2007):
                                               
Basic
    0.0883       0.2178       0.2101       0.3297       0.4408       0.0668  
Diluted
    0.0875       0.2143       0.2090       0.3241       0.4264       0.0646  
Net income per ADS:
                                               
Basic
    1.7660       4.3551       4.2025       6.5938       8.8162       1.3358  
Diluted
    1.7500       4.2858       4.1803       6.4815       8.5288       1.2922  
Shares used in calculating net income per share (giving effect to the 10,000-for-1 share exchange in 2007):
                                               
Basic
    650,000,000       704,273,232       912,497,726       912,497,726       958,029,717       958,029,717  
Diluted
    655,970,000       715,649,950       917,335,390       928,312,312       990,318,528       990,318,528  
Dividends declared per share(2)
    585       0.1023             0.075       0.089       0.013  
 
(1)  
Including (i) share-based compensation expenses of RMB45.7 million, RMB7.6 million and RMB22.2 million (US$3.4 million) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively; and (ii) impairment loss on intangible assets of nil, nil and RMB4.6 million (US$0.7 million) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
 
(2)  
The 2004 and 2005 dividends were declared in 2006 and the 2006 and 2007 dividends were declared in 2007. These dividends were not paid at the time they were declared. In 2007, we paid all of the previously declared but unpaid dividends totaling approximately RMB140.0 million. The per-share amount for 2006 was determined based on the number of shares of CISG Holdings Ltd., or CISG Holdings, outstanding as of the record date for the dividends declared, without giving effect to the 10,000-for-1 share exchange in July 2007. Dividend of US$0.22 per ADS was declared on May 21, 2009, payable to our shareholders of record as of the close of business on June 26, 2009. Dividend of US$0.26 per ADS was declared on April 23, 2010, payable to our shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 20, 2010.

 

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    As of December 31,  
    2006     2007     2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands)  
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
                                               
Cash and cash equivalents
    223,926       1,544,817       1,510,432       1,457,890       1,924,884       291,649  
Total current assets
    355,703       1,608,256       1,876,883       1,727,499       2,302,425       348,852  
Total assets
    379,622       1,640,164       2,046,515       2,545,965       3,854,456       584,008  
Total current liabilities
    75,524       53,337       190,222       337,648       288,361       43,691  
Total liabilities
    76,321       54,928       200,444       359,260       337,393       51,120  
Noncontrolling interests
    13,717       18,324       94,423       194,897       456,079       69,103  
Total equity
    303,301       1,585,236       1,846,071       2,186,705       3,517,063       532,888  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
    379,622       1,640,164       2,046,515       2,545,965       3,854,456       584,008  
Exchange Rate Information
Our business is primarily conducted in China and all of our revenues are denominated in RMB. This annual report contains translations of RMB amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the readers. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars in this annual report were made at a rate of RMB6.6000 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect as of December 30, 2010 in The City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of RMB into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. On April 29, 2011, the noon buying rate was RMB6.4900 to US$1.00.
The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this annual report or will use in the preparation of our future periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you.
                                 
    Noon Buying Rate  
    (RMB per US$1.00)  
    Period                    
Period   End     Average(1)     Low     High  
2006
    7.8041       7.9579       8.0702       7.8041  
2007
    7.2946       7.5806       7.8127       7.2946  
2008
    6.8225       6.9193       7.2946       6.7800  
2009
    6.8259       6.8295       6.8470       6.8176  
2010
    6.6000       6.7603       6.8330       6.6000  
November
    6.6670       6.6538       6.6892       6.6330  
December
    6.6000       6.6497       6.6745       6.6000  
2011
                               
January
    6.6017       6.5964       6.6364       6.5809  
February
    6.5713       6.5761       6.5965       6.5520  
March
    6.5483       6.5645       6.5743       6.5483  
April (through April 29)
    6.4900       6.5267       6.5477       6.4900  
 
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York
 
(1)  
Annual averages are calculated from month-end rates. Monthly averages are calculated using the average of the daily rates during the relevant period.
B.  
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not Applicable.

 

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C.  
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not Applicable.
D.  
Risk Factors
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry
Our limited operating history, especially our limited experience in distributing life insurance products and providing claims adjusting services, may not provide an adequate basis to judge our future prospects and results of operations.
We have a limited operating history. We commenced our insurance intermediary business in 1999 by distributing automobile insurance products and expanded our offerings to other types of property and casualty insurance products in 2002. We started distributing individual life insurance products in January 2006 and began providing insurance claims adjusting services in 2008. Life insurance products accounted for 14.3%, 20.0% and 32.8% of our total net revenues in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Claims adjusting services accounted for 10.6%, 12.2% and 11.9% of our total net revenues in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. While we regard life insurance distribution and claims adjusting services as two major areas of our future growth strategy, we cannot assure you that our efforts to further develop these businesses will be successful. If our life insurance distribution and claims adjusting businesses fail to grow, our future growth will be significantly affected. In addition, our limited operating history, especially our limited experience in selling life insurance products and providing claims adjusting services, may not provide a meaningful basis for you to evaluate our business, financial performance and prospects.
If we fail to attract and retain productive agents, especially entrepreneurial agents, and qualified claims adjustors, our business could suffer.
A substantial portion of our sales of property and casualty insurance products and our entire sales of life insurance products are conducted through our individual sales agents, who are not our employees. Some of these sales agents are significantly more productive than others in generating sales. In recent years, some entrepreneurial management staff or senior sales agents of major insurance companies in China have chosen to leave their employers or principals and become independent agents. We refer to these individuals as entrepreneurial agents. An entrepreneurial agent is usually able to assemble and lead a team of sales agents. We have been actively recruiting and will continue to recruit entrepreneurial agents to join our distribution and service network as our sales agents. Entrepreneurial agents have been instrumental to the development of our life insurance business. In addition, we rely entirely on our in-house claims adjustors to provide claims adjusting services. Because claims adjusting requires technical skills, the technical competence of claims adjustors is essential to establishing and maintaining our brand image and relationships with our customers. If we are unable to attract and retain the core group of highly productive sales agents, particularly entrepreneurial agents, and qualified claims adjustors, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Competition for sales personnel and claims adjustors from insurance companies and other insurance intermediaries may also force us to increase the compensation of our sales agents, in-house sales representatives and claims adjustors, which would increase operating costs and reduce our profitability.
Our business and prospects could be materially and adversely affected if we are not able to manage our growth successfully.
We commenced our insurance intermediary business in 1999 and have expanded our operations substantially in recent years. Our distribution and service networks expanded from one company in one province to 39 insurance agencies, three insurance brokerages, three claims adjusting firms and one online insurance service company in 23 provinces as of April 8, 2011. Meanwhile, we have broadened our service offerings from the distribution of only automobile insurance products to cover a wide variety of property and casualty insurance and life insurance products, and insurance claims adjusting services. We anticipate continued growth in the future through multiple means. Our expansion has placed, and will continue to place, substantial demands on our managerial, operational, technological and other resources. To manage and support our continued growth, we must continue to improve our operational, administrative, financial and technological systems, procedures and controls, and expand, train and manage our growing employee and agent base. Furthermore, our management will be required to maintain and expand our relationships with insurance companies, other insurance intermediaries, regulators and other third parties. We cannot assure you that our current and planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our future operations. Any failure to effectively and efficiently manage our expansion could materially and adversely affect our ability to capitalize on new business opportunities, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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We may be unsuccessful in identifying and acquiring suitable acquisition candidates, which could adversely affect our growth.
Since our initial public offering in October 2007, we have significantly expanded our operations through a number of acquisitions. We expect a significant portion of our future growth to come from acquisitions of high-quality independent insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms. There is no assurance that we can successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, especially in those provinces where we do not yet have a presence. Even if we identify suitable candidates, we may not be able to complete an acquisition on terms that are commercially acceptable to us. In addition, we compete with other entities to acquire high-quality independent insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms. Many of our competitors may have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be able to outbid us for these acquisition targets. If we are unable to complete acquisitions, our growth strategy may be impeded and our earnings or revenue growth may be negatively affected.
The change of acquisition model might increase our acquisition risks and costs or even adversely affect our growth.
The professional insurance intermediary sector in China is still at its early stage of development, and is fragmented with over 2,500 professional insurance intermediaries, most of which are small and not highly regulated. Acquisitions in the professional insurance intermediary sector involve substantial risks. We have adopted two acquisition models to target insurance intermediary companies in different development stages. For mature insurance intermediary companies, we tend to acquire majority equity interest directly from management who will be holding the remaining equity interest of the acquired entities. In order to mitigate risks associated with acquiring small businesses which generally carry higher risks, including potential legal risks and hidden tax or debt liability, we partnered with Chengdu Jingshi Investment Co., Ltd., or Chengdu Jingshi, a third-party venture capital fund investing in start-up companies in the financial services industry for such acquisitions. On May 5, 2008, we entered into a cooperation agreement with Chengdu Jingshi. Pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to allow insurance intermediaries which have been acquired or invested by Chengdu Jingshi to join CNinsure as a franchise and use our brand, management system, contracts and platforms while Chengdu Jingshi agreed that CNinsure would have a pre-emptive right to purchase the shares of the franchised entity when they become more mature and satisfy our acquisition requirements. In addition, we had the right to have Chengdu Jingshi repurchase the franchised entity if, within 12 months of CNinsure’s acquisition of the franchised entity, the franchised entity is unable to fulfill the guaranteed performance targets. These arrangements have effectively reduced the risks and costs of our acquisitions in the past years.
However, in order to simplify the acquisition model and avoid any unnecessary misunderstanding, on February 15, 2011, we and Chengdu Jingshi entered into a cooperation termination agreement, pursuant to which both parties agree to continue to honor existing agreements related to the ongoing projects and to discontinue cooperation for future acquisitions. As of the effective date of the cooperation termination agreement, we have cooperated with Chengdu Jingshi on 21 ongoing projects. We have acquired controlling stakes in 10 of the ongoing projects and we have the right of first refusal to acquire the remaining stakes in them in three to five years. Nine projects are still in the development stage and the remaining two were acquired by us and later bought back by Chengdu Jingshi upon our request as they failed to meet our performance or management requirements. For these 11 projects, we have preemptive rights to acquire controlling stakes or 100% of the stakes if the businesses satisfy our requirements.
Upon termination of the cooperation with Chengdu Jingshi, our future acquisition targets may be limited to relatively more mature insurance intermediary companies or we may have to develop start-up companies by ourselves as future acquisition targets, which can be time-consuming and as a result slow down our acquisition pace. In addition, we may have to take the risks and bear all the losses by ourselves if we fail in any of the acquisitions. Although we have accumulated experience from our previous acquisitions, there is no assurance that we can identify and eradicate all the risks and make acquisitions in an efficient and cost-effective manner, which might increase our acquisition risks and costs and have an adverse impact on our growth and results of operations.

 

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If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, or if the acquired companies do not perform to our expectations, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Even if we succeed in acquiring other insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms, our ability to integrate an acquired entity and its operations is subject to a number of factors. These factors include difficulties in the integration of acquired operations and retention of personnel, especially the sales agents who are not employees of the acquired company, entry into unfamiliar markets, unanticipated problems or legal liabilities, and tax and accounting issues. The need to address these factors may divert management’s attention from other aspects of our business and materially and adversely affect our business prospects. In addition, costs associated with integrating newly acquired companies could negatively affect our operating margins.
Furthermore, the acquired companies may not perform to our expectations for various reasons, including legislative or regulatory changes that affect the insurance products in which a company specializes, the loss of key clients after the acquisition closes, general economic factors that impact a company in a direct way and the cultural incompatibility of an acquired company’s management team with us. If an acquired company can not be operated at the same profitability level as our existing operations, the acquisition would have a negative impact on our operating margin. Our inability to successfully integrate an acquired entity or its failure to perform to our expectations may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
If we are required to write down goodwill and other intangible assets, our financial condition and results may be materially and adversely affected.
When we acquire a business, a substantial portion of the purchase price of the acquisition is generally allocated to goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. The amount of the purchase price that is allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets is determined by the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable tangible assets acquired. As of December 31, 2010, goodwill represented RMB1,154.4 million (US$174.9 million), or 32.8% of our total shareholders’ equity, and other net intangible assets represented RMB145.7 million (US$22.1 million), or 4.1% of our total shareholders’ equity. Management performs impairment assessment annually and we recognized an impairment loss of RMB4.6 million (US$0.7 million) in intangible assets in the fourth quarter of 2010. Under current accounting standards, if we determine that goodwill or intangible assets are further impaired, we will be required to write down the value of such assets and recognize corresponding impairment charges. As we implement our growth strategy through acquisitions, goodwill and intangible assets may comprise an increasingly larger percentage of our shareholders’ equity. As such, any write-down related to such goodwill and intangible assets may adversely and materially affect our shareholders’ equity and financial results.
Because the commission and fee revenue we earn on the sale of insurance products is based on premiums, commission and fee rates set by insurance companies, any decrease in these premiums, commission or fee rates may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are engaged in the insurance agency, brokerage and claims adjusting business and derive revenues primarily from commissions and fees paid by the insurance companies whose policies our customers purchase and to whom we provide claims adjusting services. The commission and fee rates are set by insurance companies and are based on the premiums that the insurance companies charge or the amount recovered from insurance companies. Commission and fee rates and premiums can change based on the prevailing economic, regulatory, taxation-related and competitive factors that affect insurance companies. These factors, which are not within our control, include the ability of insurance companies to place new business, underwriting and non-underwriting profits of insurance companies, consumer demand for insurance products, the availability of comparable products from other insurance companies at a lower cost, the availability of alternative insurance products such as government benefits and self-insurance plans, as well as the tax deductibility of commissions and fees and the consumers themselves. In addition, premium rates for certain insurance products, such as the mandatory automobile liability insurance that each automobile owner in the PRC is legally required to purchase, are tightly regulated by China Insurance Regulatory Commission, or the CIRC.
Because we do not determine, and cannot predict, the timing or extent of premium or commission and fee rate changes, we cannot predict the effect any of these changes may have on our operations. Since China’s entry into the WTO in December 2001, intense competition among insurance companies has led to a gradual decline in premium rate levels of some property and casualty insurance products. Although such decline may stimulate demand for insurance products and increase our total sales volume, it also reduces the commissions and fees we earn on each policy sold. Any decrease in premiums or commission and fee rates may significantly affect our profitability. In addition, our budget for future acquisitions, capital expenditures and other expenditures may be disrupted by unexpected decreases in revenues caused by decreases in premiums or commission and fee rates, thereby adversely affecting our operations.

 

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Competition in our industry is intense and, if we are unable to compete effectively, we may lose customers and our financial results may be negatively affected.
The insurance intermediary industry in China is highly competitive, and we expect competition to persist and intensify. In insurance product distribution, we face competition from insurance companies that use their in-house sales force, exclusive sales agents, telemarketing and internet channels to distribute their products, and from business entities that distribute insurance products on an ancillary basis, such as commercial banks, postal offices and automobile dealerships, as well as from other professional insurance intermediaries. In our claims adjusting business, we primarily compete with other independent claims adjusting firms. We compete for customers on the basis of product offerings, customer services and reputation. Many of our competitors have greater financial and marketing resources than we do and may be able to offer products and services that we do not currently offer and may not offer in the future. If we are unable to compete effectively against those competitors, we may lose customers and our financial results may be negatively affected.
Quarterly and annual variations in our commission and fee revenue may have unexpected impacts on our results of operations.
Our commission and fee revenue is subject to both quarterly and annual fluctuations as a result of the seasonality of our business, the timing of policy renewals and the net effect of new and lost business. Historically, our commission and fee revenue, particularly revenue derived from distribution of property and casualty insurance products, for the fourth quarter of any given year has been the highest among all four quarters, while our commission and fee revenue for the first quarter of any given year has been the lowest among all four quarters. The factors that cause the quarterly and annual variations are not within our control. Specifically, consumer demand for insurance products can influence the timing of renewals, new business and lost business, which generally includes policies that are not renewed, and cancellations. As a result, you may not be able to rely on quarterly or annual comparisons of our operating results as an indication of our future performance.
If our contracts with insurance companies are terminated or changed, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
We primarily act as agents for insurance companies in distributing their products to retail customers. We also provide claims adjusting services principally to insurance companies. Our relationships with the insurance companies are governed by agreements between us and the insurance companies. Most of the contracts with our major insurance company partners for the distribution of life insurance products are entered into at the corporate headquarters level. While this approach allows us to obtain more favorable terms from insurance companies by combining the sales volumes of our affiliated insurance agencies and brokerages, it also means that the termination of a major contract could have a material adverse effect on our life insurance business. Our contracts for the distribution of property and casualty insurance and the provision of claims adjusting services are primarily entered into at a local level between the respective provincial, city and district branches of the insurance companies and our affiliated insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms. Generally, each branch of these insurance companies has independent authority to enter into contracts with our affiliated insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms, and the termination of a contract with one branch has no significant effect on our contracts with the other branches. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Insurance Company Partners.” These contracts establish, among other things, the scope of our authority, the pricing of the insurance products we distribute and our fee rates. These contracts typically have a term of one year and some of them can be terminated by the insurance companies with little advance notice. Moreover, before or upon expiration of a contract, the insurance company that is a party to that contract may agree to renew it only with changes in its terms, including the amount of commissions and fees we receive, which could reduce our revenues from that contract.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, our top five insurance company partners were PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited, or PICC, China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd., or CPIC, AVIVA-COFCO Life Insurance Co., Ltd., or AVIVA-COFCO, Ping An Property & Casualty Insurance Company of China, Ltd., or Ping An, and Sino Life Insurance Co., Ltd., or Sino Life. Among them, PICC, CPIC, AVIVA-COFCO and Ping An each accounted for more than 10% of our total net revenues in 2010, with PICC accounting for 18.6%, CPIC accounting for 13.6%, AVIVA-COFCO accounting for 13.0% and Ping An accounting for 10.5%. The termination of our contracts with insurance companies that in aggregate account for a significant portion of our business, or changes to material terms of these contracts, could adversely affect our business and operating results.

 

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Our operating structure may make it difficult to respond quickly to operational or financial problems, which could negatively affect our financial results.
We currently operate through affiliated insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms located in 23 provinces in China. These companies report their results to our corporate headquarters monthly. If these companies delay either reporting results or informing corporate headquarters of negative business developments such as loss of relationship with insurance companies, regulatory inquiries or any other negative events, we may not be able to take action to remedy the situation in a timely fashion. This in turn could have a negative effect on our financial results. In addition, if one of these companies were to report inaccurate financial information, we might not learn of the inaccuracies on a timely basis and be able to take corrective measures promptly, which could negatively affect our ability to report our financial results.
Our dependence on the founders and key managers of the acquired firms may limit our ability to effectively manage our business.
In the acquisitions we have completed to date, the founders and key managers of the acquired firms continue to manage the acquired business. They are responsible for ordinary course operational decisions, including personnel and office location, subject to our oversight. They also maintain the primary relationship with customers and the local branches of insurance companies. Although we maintain internal controls to oversee our nationwide operations, this operating structure exposes us to the risk of losses resulting from day-to-day decisions of the managers of the acquired firms. Unsatisfactory performance by these managers could hinder our ability to grow and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our senior management team and other key personnel, and our business may be harmed if we lose their services.
Our future success depends heavily upon the continuing services of the members of our senior management team and other key personnel, in particular Mr. Yinan Hu, our chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Qiuping Lai, our president, Mr. Peng Ge, our chief financial officer, Mr. Chunlin Wang, our vice president, chief operating officer and head of our property and casualty business unit, and Mr. Feng Jin, our vice president, chief information officer and the head of our life insurance business unit. If one or more of our senior executives or other key personnel, are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily, or at all. As such, our business may be disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Competition for senior management and key personnel is intense, the pool of qualified candidates is very limited, and we may not be able to retain the services of our senior executives or key personnel, or attract and retain high-quality senior executives or key personnel in the future. As is customary in the PRC, we do not have insurance coverage for the loss of our senior management team or other key personnel.
In addition, if any member of our senior management team or any of our other key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, sensitive trade information and key professionals and staff members. Each of our executive officers and key employees has entered into an employment agreement with us which contains confidentiality and non-competition provisions. These agreements generally have an initial term of three years, and are automatically extended for successive one-year terms unless terminated earlier pursuant to the terms of the agreement. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—A. Directors and Senior Management—Employment Agreements” for a more detailed description of the key terms of these employment agreements. If any disputes arise between any of our senior executives or key personnel and us, we cannot assure you of the extent to which any of these agreements may be enforced.
Sales person and employee misconduct is difficult to detect and deter and could harm our reputation or lead to regulatory sanctions or litigation costs.
Sales person and employee misconduct could result in violations of law by us, regulatory sanctions, litigation or serious reputational or financial harm. Misconduct could include:
   
making misrepresentation when marketing or selling insurance products to customers;
   
hindering insurance applicants from making full and accurate mandatory disclosures or inducing applicants into make misrepresentations;
   
hiding or falsifying material information in relation to the insurance contracts;

 

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fabricating or altering insurance contracts without authorization from relevant parties, selling false policies, or providing false documents on behalf of the applicants;
   
falsifying insurance agency business or fraudulently returning insurance policies to obtain commissions;
   
colluding with applicants, insured, or beneficiaries to obtain insurance benefits;
   
engaging in false claims; or
   
otherwise not complying with laws and regulations or our control policies or procedures.
We cannot always deter sales person or employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect these activities may not be effective in all cases. We cannot assure you, therefore, that sales person or employee misconduct will not lead to a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
All of our personnel engaging in insurance agency, brokering or claims adjusting activities are required under relevant PRC regulations to have a qualification certificate issued by the CIRC. If these qualification requirements are strictly enforced in the future, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
All of our personnel who engage in insurance agency, brokering and claims adjusting activities are required under relevant PRC regulations to obtain a qualification certificate from the CIRC in order to conduct insurance agency, brokering or claims adjusting business. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation.” In addition, we understand that the CIRC requires that every individual agent carry the qualification certificate and other credentials showing specified information when conducting agency business. Under the relevant PRC regulations, an insurance agency, brokerage or claims adjusting firm that retains unqualified personnel to engage in insurance intermediary activities may be fined up to RMB10,000. As of April 8, 2011, approximately 85% of our sales professionals had received a qualification certificate. If more local CIRC agencies were to strictly enforce these regulations in the future, and if a substantial number of our sales forces remain unqualified, our business may be adversely affected. Moreover, we may be subject to fines and other administrative proceedings for the failure of our insurance professionals to obtain the necessary CIRC qualification certificate. Any such fines or administrative proceedings could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The implementation of the insurance sales system reform involves substantial uncertainties and the fee-based revenue scheme adopted by several of our affiliated property and casualty insurance agencies may be subject to challenge by the PRC tax authorities.
The CIRC issued a consultation paper for opinions on the reform of insurance sales system in June 2009, which aims to replace the pyramid structure commonly used in insurance industry organization with a retail distribution system in order to clarify the employment status of all insurance agents. Under this consultation paper, all insurance salespersons may become (i) employees of insurance companies or insurance intermediaries; (ii) employees of labor services companies, who are engaged to provide labor services to insurance companies; or (iii) individual sales agents, including independent sales agents who are allowed to register as sole-proprietors or partnership companies and who may sell insurance products on behalf of a variety of insurance companies, as well as insurance sales agents who are allowed to register as self-employed industrial and commercial households and may sell insurance products on behalf of one insurance company only. The reform is expected to be completed within five years. Currently there are no regulations setting forth the procedures for the registration of individual sales agents. The implementation and development of this insurance sales reform involves substantial uncertainties.
In response to the consultation paper, we submitted a proposal to the CIRC in June 2009 with respect to our pilot experiment and our trial fee-based revenue scheme. Under our proposal, individual insurance agents will be entitled to receive fees from insurance companies directly while we will become a platform service provider for sales agents and insurance companies and be compensated by platform service fees. In contrast, historically we have received commissions from insurance companies and we have paid fees to insurance salespersons out of these commissions. This has created a double taxation issue as we are required to pay business tax for the commissions we receive from the insurance companies and those insurance salespersons are also required to pay income tax for the fees that they receive from us.

 

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As part of the pilot experiment proposal we submitted to the CIRC, with the approval from the CIRC, several of our affiliated property and casualty insurance agencies have adopted a trial revenue scheme since the second quarter of 2009. Under this scheme, only the platform service fees that we receive from insurance companies will be recognized as revenue and subject to business tax. As of April 8, 2011, with the written approval from the CIRC, eight of our affiliated entities located in Tianjin, and Zhejiang, Henan, Fujian, Hunan, Shandong and Liaoning provinces have implemented the trial fee-based revenue scheme. Although tax authorities in Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have adopted regulations to avoid double taxation, it is uncertain whether and when such regulations will be adopted by other provinces. If the PRC tax authorities determine that the tax liability assessment of those eight affiliated entities under the trial revenue scheme is inappropriate, the business tax liabilities of our affiliated entities could increase and our affiliated entities may be subject to fines for tax underpayment, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Our businesses are highly regulated, and the administration, interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations currently applicable to us involve uncertainties, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We operate in a highly regulated industry. The CIRC has extensive authority to supervise and regulate the insurance industry in China. In exercising its authority, the CIRC is given wide discretion, and the administration, interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations applicable to us involve uncertainties that could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. For example, it is not clear when the CIRC will start strictly enforcing the qualification requirements for sales professionals affiliated with professional insurance intermediaries like us. Although we have not had any material violations to date, we cannot assure you that our operations will always be consistent with the interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations by the CIRC from time to time.
Further development of regulations in China may impose additional costs and restrictions on our activities.
China’s insurance regulatory regime is undergoing significant changes. Some of these changes and the further development of regulations applicable to us may result in additional restrictions on our activities or more intensive competition in this industry. For example, under the provisions for administration of professional insurance agencies and brokerages adopted on September 18, 2009, insurance agencies and brokerage companies are required to increase their guaranty deposit, which generally cannot be withdrawn without the CIRC’s approval, when they open any new branches. Furthermore, pursuant to the provisions, the minimum registered capital requirements for insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms have been increased substantially. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation.” Insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms that have been established before October 1, 2009 will be given a three-year phase-in period until October 1, 2012 to meet the new minimum registered capital requirement. Such increase would reduce the amount of cash available for other business purposes. In addition, according to the Insurance Law amended on February 28, 2009, sole-proprietor insurance agencies are now allowed. According to the Opinions on Improving Sales Agent Management System issued by the CIRC on September 20, 2010, insurance companies are encouraged to establish exclusive sales agencies or insurance sales companies and all types of capital, including foreign capital are encouraged to invest in large scale insurance agencies and insurance sales companies. These changes may lead to intensified competition among insurance agencies. Such development of regulations could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We have conducted some of our business through four of our subsidiaries, which do not possess insurance agency or brokerage licenses.
Four of our subsidiaries run our operating platform and maintain our customer database. In addition, they have provided information about potential customers to insurance companies, which paid fees to these subsidiaries if these customers purchased insurance policies. Our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, has informed us that in its opinion, the provision of customer information to and the collection of fees from insurance companies by our subsidiaries comply with existing PRC laws and regulations. We cannot assure you, however, that the relevant PRC regulatory authorities will not take a view contrary to ours or that of our PRC counsel. If the CIRC clarifies existing regulations on insurance agencies and brokerages or adopts new regulations that classify the provision of customer information to insurance companies as a form of insurance agency or brokerage services, our subsidiaries may be deemed to have engaged in insurance agency or brokerage services without proper license and as a result, we may be subject to administrative penalties, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
We are subject to reporting obligations under U.S. securities laws. Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include a management report on the company’s internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. These requirements first apply to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended on December 31, 2008.
Our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010. See “Item 15. Controls and Procedures.” However, there is no assurance that we will be able to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future. If we fail to do so, we may not be able to produce reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. Moreover, if we were not able to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which would negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs. Our reporting obligations as a public company, including our efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, will continue to place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future.
We may face legal action by the former employers or principals of entrepreneurial agents who join our distribution and service network.
Competition for productive sales agents is intense within the Chinese insurance industry. When an entrepreneurial agent leaves his or her employer or principal to join our distribution and service network as our sales agent, we may face legal action by the former employer or principal of the entrepreneurial agent on the ground of unfair competition or breach of contract. As of the date of this annual report, there has been no such action filed or threatened against us. We cannot assure you that this will not happen in the future. Any such legal actions, regardless of merit, could be expensive and time-consuming and could divert resources and management’s attention from the operation of our business. If we were found liable in such a legal action, we might be required to pay substantial damages to the former employer or principal of the entrepreneurial agent, and our business reputation might be harmed. Moreover, the filing of such a legal action may discourage potential entrepreneurial agents from leaving their employers or principals, thus reducing the number of entrepreneurial agents we can recruit and potentially harming our growth prospects.
If we are unable to successfully expand into the consumer financial services and wealth management sectors, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We have been expanding into new business areas to leverage our existing sales network, customer resources and operating platform so as to better serve our customers’ needs for insurance protection, financing and wealth management. For example, in October 2009, we acquired a non-controlling equity interest in Sincere Fame International Limited, or Sincere Fame, which owns 100% of the equity interest in China Financial Services Group Limited, or CFSG, a consumer credit brokerage company specializing in the distribution of personal loans and residential mortgage loans for commercial banks. This investment marked our expansion into the consumer financial services sector. In November 2010, we formed a joint venture, Fanhua Puyi Investment Management Co., Ltd., or Fanhua Puyi, with Shanghai Puyi Investment Consulting Co., Limited, or Shanghai Puyi, and Chengdu Ronghai Investment Co., Ltd., or Chengdu Ronghai, to engage in independent investment research and wealth management services. CNinsure, Shanghai Puyi and Chengdu Ronghai hold 19.48%, 44.61% and 35.91%, respectively, of the equity interest of Fanhua Puyi. We plan to continue our expansion in these areas in the future. However, our efforts to develop these new businesses may not be successful or yield the benefits that we anticipate due to our limited experience in distributing non-insurance related financial services and products. In addition, our expansion may subject us to risks associated with operating in the consumer financial services and wealth management sectors in China, including but not limited to, changes in monetary or industry policies and other economic measures that may affect our cooperation with financial institutions and their product supply, as well as competition from other consumer credit brokerage companies and other financial services companies that offer wealth management products. Currently, changes in regulations for the consumer credit brokerage and wealth management sectors may impose burdensome approval, licensing or other requirements on CFSG and its affiliated subsidiaries and Puyi. Any failure to successfully identify, execute and integrate acquisitions, investments, joint ventures and alliances as part of our expansion into the consumer financial services sector may have a material adverse impact on our growth, business prospects and results of operations, which could lead to a decline in the price of our ADSs.

 

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If our investment in e-commerce platform is not successful, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We recently decided to build an e-commerce platform to distribute commodity-type insurance products, such as auto insurance, accident insurance and travel insurance. On November 1 2010, we completed the acquisition of a majority equity interest in InsCom Holding Limited, or InsCom Holding, which beneficially owns 100% of the equity interest in Shenzhen InsCom E-commerce Co., Ltd., or Shenzhen InsCom, a leading independent online insurance service provider in China. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Principal Transactions — Acquisition of InsCom Holding”. We intend to devote significant investments in the construction of the IT infrastructure and call center related to the e-commerce insurance platform and in marketing to build brand awareness in the next few years. However, our efforts to develop this new business may not be successful or yield the benefits that we anticipate due to our limited experience in online insurance distribution business. In addition, our expansion may depend on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to:
   
The effectiveness of our marketing campaign to build brand recognition among consumers and our ability to attract and retain customers;
   
The acceptance of third party e-commerce platform as an effective channel for underwriters to distribute their insurance products;
   
Public concerns over security of e-commerce transactions and confidentiality of information;
   
Increased competition from insurance companies which directly sell insurance products through their own websites and call centers, portal websites which provide insurance product information and links to insurance companies’ websites and other professional insurance intermediary companies which may launch independent online insurance distribution in the future; and
   
Further development and changes in applicable rules and regulations which may increase our operating costs and expenses, impede the execution of our business plan or change the competitive landscape.
Since online insurance distribution has emerged only recently in China and is evolving rapidly, the PRC government has not adopted a unified regulatory framework governing the sector. The CIRC has recently circulated a consultation paper for opinions on the provisional regulations with respect to the internet insurance business. This regulation may introduce higher barriers for insurance companies, business entities that distribute insurance products on an ancillary basis, and professional insurance intermediaries to enter into this sector. For example, online insurance distribution licenses may only be granted to those that are able to meet certain criteria in internal control, organizational structure and technologic competence and have obtained nation-wide operating licenses. However, the development and implementation of the regulation involves uncertainty.
Any failure to successfully identify the risks as part of our expansion into the online insurance distribution business may have a material adverse impact on our growth, business prospects and results of operations, which could lead to a decline in the price of our ADSs.
Any significant failure in our information technology systems could have a material adverse effect on our business and profitability.
Our business is highly dependent on the ability of our information technology systems to timely process a large number of transactions across different markets and products at a time when transaction processes have become increasingly complex and the volume of such transactions is growing rapidly. The proper functioning of our financial control, accounting, customer database, customer service and other data processing systems, together with the communication systems of our various subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities and our main offices in Guangzhou, is critical to our business and to our ability to compete effectively. We cannot assure you that our business activities would not be materially disrupted in the event of a partial or complete failure of any of these primary information technology or communication systems, which could be caused by, among other things, software malfunction, computer virus attacks or conversion errors due to system upgrading. In addition, a prolonged failure of our information technology system could damage our reputation and materially and adversely affect our future prospects and profitability.

 

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If we are unable to respond in a timely and cost-effective manner to rapid technological change in the insurance intermediary industry, it may result in an adverse effect.
The insurance industry is increasingly influenced by rapid technological change, frequent new product and service introductions and evolving industry standards. For example, the insurance intermediary industry has increased use of the Internet to communicate benefits and related information to consumers and to facilitate information exchange and transactions. We believe that our future success will depend on our ability to continue to anticipate technological changes and to offer additional product and service opportunities that meet evolving standards on a timely and cost-effective basis. There is a risk that we may not successfully identify new product and service opportunities or develop and introduce these opportunities in a timely and cost-effective manner. In addition, product and service opportunities that our competitors develop or introduce may render our products and services uncompetitive. As a result, we can give no assurances that technological changes that may affect our industry in the future will not have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We face risks related to health epidemics, severe weather conditions and other catastrophes, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, another health epidemic, severe weather conditions or other catastrophes. In April 2009, influenza A (H1N1), a new strain of flu virus commonly referred to as “swine flu,” was first discovered in North America and quickly spread to other parts of the world, including China. In January and February 2008, a series of severe winter storms afflicted extensive damages and significantly disrupted people’s lives in large portions of southern and central China. In May 2008, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale hit Sichuan Province in southwestern China, causing huge casualties and property damages. Because our business operations rely heavily on the efforts of individual sales agents, in-house sales representatives and claims adjustors, any prolonged recurrence of avian flu or SARS, or the occurrence of other adverse public health developments such as influenza A (H1N1), severe weather conditions such as the massive snow storms in January and February 2008 and other catastrophes such as the Sichuan earthquake may significantly disrupt our staffing and otherwise reduce the activity level of our work force, thus causing a material and adverse effect on our business operations.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with applicable PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties.
PRC laws and regulations place certain restrictions on foreign investment in and ownership of insurance intermediary companies. We conduct our operations in China principally through contractual arrangements among our PRC affiliated subsidiaries (Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd., or Meidiya Investment, Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd., or Yihe Investment, Shenzhen Xinbao Investment Management Co., Ltd., or Xinbao Investment), and the individual shareholders and the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao investment. Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment together, directly or indirectly, held equity interests ranging from 51% to 100% in 39 agencies, three brokerage companies, three claims adjusting firms and one online insurance service company as of April 8, 2011. These wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment hold the licenses and permits necessary to conduct our insurance intermediary business in China.
Our contractual arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment, their shareholders and their subsidiaries enable us to:
   
exercise effective control over Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries;
   
receive a substantial portion of the economic benefits of the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment in consideration for the services provided by our wholly-owned subsidiaries in China; and
   
have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in each of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.

 

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Because of these contractual arrangements, we are the primary beneficiary of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries and have consolidated them into our consolidated financial statements. If we, our PRC subsidiaries, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment or any of the existing and future subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the CIRC, will have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including:
   
revoking the business and operating licenses of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities;
   
restricting or prohibiting any related-party transactions among our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities;
   
imposing fines or other requirements with which we, our PRC subsidiaries or our consolidated affiliated entities may not be able to comply;
   
requiring us, our PRC subsidiaries or our consolidated affiliated entities to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations; or
   
restricting or prohibiting us from providing additional funding for our business and operations in China.
The imposition of any of these penalties could result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We rely principally on contractual arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries and shareholders for our China operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.
PRC laws and regulations place certain restrictions on foreign investment in and ownership of insurance intermediary companies. Although on August 26, 2010, the CIRC released a Circular on the Cancellation of the Fifth Batch of Administrative Approval Items, pursuant to which foreign ownership in a professional insurance intermediary in excess of 25%, for which prior approval was previously required, is required to be filed with relevant authorities only, there remains uncertainty regarding the interpretation and implementation of the regulation and its Implementation Rules and it is uncertain whether we will succeed in obtaining direct ownership in our PRC affiliated subsidiaries. We have relied principally and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with our PRC consolidated affiliated entities, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries and individual shareholders to operate our business in China. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” These contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing us with control over Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries as direct ownership.
If we had direct controlling ownership of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries, we would be able to exercise our rights as a controlling shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management level. But under the current contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment or any of their subsidiaries and shareholders fails to perform its or his obligations under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and other resources to enforce such arrangements and rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming damages, which may not be effective. For example, if the shareholders of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment to us or our designee when we exercise the call option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal action to compel them to fulfill their contractual obligations.

 

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All of our contractual arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries and individual shareholders are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our consolidated affiliated entities, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.
The individual shareholders of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Two individual shareholders, Mr. Qiuping Lai and Mr. Peng Ge, collectively hold 80% of the equity interest in each of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment and two individual shareholders, Mr. Chunling Wang and Mr. Yuan Tian, collectively hold 100% of the equity interest in Xinbao Investment. Conflicts of interest may arise between the dual roles of Mr. Lai, Mr. Ge, Mr. Wang and Mr. Tian as a shareholder of our consolidated affiliated entities and as an executive officer of our company. We do not have existing arrangements to address these potential conflicts of interest and cannot assure you that when conflicts arise, those individuals will act in the best interest of our company or that conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
Contractual arrangements we have entered into with the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. A finding that we owe additional taxes could substantially reduce our consolidated net income and the value of your investment.
Under PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements between our subsidiaries and the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment are not on an arm’s-length basis and adjust the income of the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction, for PRC tax purposes, of expense deductions recorded by the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment, which could in turn increase their respective tax liabilities. Moreover, the PRC tax authorities may impose penalties on our consolidated affiliated entities for underpayment of taxes. Our consolidated net income may be materially and adversely affected by the occurrence of any of the foregoing.
PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from making loans to our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities or making additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities. In order to provide additional funding to our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries.
Any loans we make to any of our directly-held PRC subsidiaries (which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law), Fanhua Zhonglian Enterprise Image Planning (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Haidileji Enterprise Image Planning (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.), or Zhonglian Enterprise, and Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Yiqiman Enterprise Management Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.), or Xinlian Information, and Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., or Ying Si Kang Information, cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, or its local counterparts. Under applicable PRC law, the Chinese regulators must approve the amount of a foreign-invested enterprise’s registered capital, which represents shareholders’ equity investments over a defined period of time, and the foreign-invested enterprise’s total investment, which represents the total of the company’s registered capital plus permitted loans. The registered capital/total investment ratio cannot be lower than the minimum statutory requirement and the excess of the total investment over the registered capital represents the maximum amount of borrowings that a foreign-invested enterprise is permitted to have under PRC law. Our directly-held PRC subsidiaries were allowed to incur a total of HK$336.0 million (US$43.2 million) in foreign debts as of April 8, 2011. If we were to provide loans to our directly-held PRC subsidiaries in excess of the above amount, we would have to apply to the relevant government authorities for an increase in their permitted total investment amounts. The various applications could be time consuming and their outcomes would be uncertain. Concurrently with the loans, we might have to make capital contributions to these subsidiaries in order to maintain the statutory minimum registered capital/total investment ratio, and such capital contributions involve uncertainties of their own, as discussed below. Furthermore, even if we make loans to our directly-held PRC subsidiaries that do not exceed their current maximum amount of borrowings, we will have to register each loan with the SAFE or its local counterpart within 15 days after the signing of the relevant loan agreement. Subject to the conditions stipulated by the SAFE, the SAFE or its local counterpart will issue a registration certificate of foreign debts to us within 20 days after reviewing and accepting our application. In practice, it may take longer to complete such SAFE registration process.

 

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Any loans we make to any of our indirectly-held PRC subsidiaries (those PRC subsidiaries which we hold indirectly through Zhonglian Enterprise and Xinlian Information) or to any of our PRC consolidated affiliated entities, all of which are treated as PRC domestic companies rather than foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, are also subject to various PRC regulations and approvals. Under applicable PRC regulations, medium- and long-term international commercial loans to PRC domestic companies are subject to approval by the National Development and Reform Commission. Short-term international commercial loans to PRC domestic companies are subject to the balance control system effected by the SAFE. Due to the above restrictions, we are not likely to make loans to any of our indirectly-held PRC subsidiaries or to any of our PRC consolidated affiliated entities.
Any capital contributions we make to our PRC subsidiaries, including directly-held and indirectly-held PRC subsidiaries, must be approved by the PRC Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts, and registered with the SAFE or its local counterparts. Such applications and registrations could be time consuming and their outcomes would be uncertain.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or PRC consolidated affiliated entities, or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely and materially affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Adverse changes in economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could adversely affect our business.
Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including with respect to the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past 30 years or so, growth has been uneven across different regions and among various economic sectors of China. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic development and guide the allocation of resources. While some of these measures benefit the overall PRC economy, they may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
Although the PRC government has implemented measures since the late 1970s emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, the PRC government still owns a substantial portion of productive assets in China. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Actions and policies of the PRC government could materially affect our ability to operate our business.

 

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Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.
We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.
Although since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and their nonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. But approval from appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. Under our current corporate structure, the primary source of our income at the holding company level is dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries and our consolidated affiliated entities to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency needs, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs.
The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law may increase the enterprise income tax rate applicable to some of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our result of operations.
According to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, as further clarified by subsequent tax regulations implementing the EIT Law, foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises are subject to enterprise income tax, or EIT, at a uniform rate of 25%, unless otherwise provided. Enterprises that were established and enjoyed preferential tax treatments before March 16, 2007 will continue to enjoy such preferential tax treatments in the following manners: (1) in the case of preferential tax rates, for a five-year transition period starting from January 1, 2008, during which the EIT rate of such enterprises will gradually increase to the uniform 25% EIT rate by January 1, 2012; or (2) in the case of preferential tax exemption or reduction with a specified term, until the expiration of such term. However, if such an enterprise has not enjoyed the preferential treatments yet because of its failure to make a profit, its term for preferential treatments will be deemed to start from 2008.
As a result of the implementation of the EIT Law, certain preferential tax treatments enjoyed by some of our consolidated affiliated entities expired on January 1, 2008. According to the EIT Law and related regulations, the preferential tax rates enjoyed by some of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities incorporated in Shenzhen, a special economic zone, will gradually increase to the uniform 25% EIT rate during the five year transition period. An increase in the EIT rates for those entities pursuant to the EIT Law could result in an increase in our effective tax rate, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

 

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Our global income or the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiaries may be subject to PRC tax under the EIT Law, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the EIT at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. The Implementation Rules of the EIT Law, or the Implementation Rules, define the term “de facto management bodies” as “establishments that carry out substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc. of an enterprise.” If we are deemed a resident enterprise, we may be subject to the EIT at 25% on our global income, except that the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiary will be exempt from the EIT. If we are considered a resident enterprise and earn income other than dividends from our PRC subsidiaries, a 25% EIT on our global income could significantly increase our tax burden and materially and adversely affect our cash flow and profitability.
Under the applicable PRC tax laws in effect before January 1, 2008, dividend payments to foreign investors made by foreign-invested enterprises in China, such as our subsidiaries Zhonglian Enterprise and Xinlian Information, were exempt from PRC withholding tax. We have also been advised by our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, that pursuant to the EIT Law and the Implementation Rules, however, dividends payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign investors will be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The British Virgin Islands, where our wholly-owned subsidiary and the 100% shareholder of Zhonglian Enterprise and Xinlian Information is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with China. Under the EIT Law and the Implementation Rules, if we are regarded as a resident enterprise, the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiaries will be exempt from the EIT. If, however, we are not regarded as a resident enterprise, our PRC subsidiaries will be required to pay a 10% withholding tax for any dividends they pay to us. As a result, the amount of fund available to us to meet our cash requirements, including the payment of dividends to our shareholders and ADS holders, could be materially reduced.
Under the EIT Law, dividends payable by us and gains on the disposition of our shares or ADSs could be subject to PRC taxation.
We have been advised by our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, that because there remains uncertainty regarding the interpretation and implementation of the EIT Law and its Implementation Rules, it is uncertain whether any dividends to be distributed by us, if we are regarded as a PRC resident enterprise, to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders would be subject to any PRC withholding tax. If we are required under the EIT Law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our non-PRC corporate shareholders and ADS holders, or if gains on the disposition of our shares or ADSs are subject to the PRC EIT, your investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected.
We rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely principally on dividends from our subsidiaries in China and service, license and other fees paid to our subsidiaries by our consolidated affiliated entities for our cash requirements, including any debt we may incur. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year as reported in its PRC statutory financial statements, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital, and each of our PRC subsidiaries that are considered foreign-invested enterprises is required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits as reported in its PRC statutory financial statements to fund the employee welfare fund at the discretion of the board. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. As of December 31, 2010, the total retained earnings of our PRC subsidiaries available for dividend distributions were RMB1.1 billion (US$161.9 million). Furthermore, if our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements we currently have in place in a manner that would materially and adversely affect our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities to distribute dividends or other payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

 

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PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
The SAFE issued a public notice in October 2005, commonly known in China as “SAFE Circular 75,” requiring PRC residents to register with the local SAFE branch before establishing or controlling any company outside of China, referred to in the notice as an “offshore special purpose company,” for the purpose of raising capital backed by assets or equities of PRC companies. PRC residents that are shareholders of offshore special purpose companies established before November 1, 2005 were required to register with the local SAFE branch before March 31, 2006. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Exchange—Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents.”
We have requested our beneficial owners who to our knowledge are PRC residents to make the necessary applications, filings and amendments as required under SAFE Circular 75 and other related rules. We attempt to comply, and attempt to ensure that our beneficial owners who are subject to these rules comply, with the relevant requirements. However, we cannot assure you that all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents will comply with our request to make or obtain any applicable registrations or comply with other requirements under SAFE Circular 75 or other related rules. The failure of these beneficial owners to timely amend their SAFE registrations pursuant to SAFE Circular 75 or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 75 may subject such beneficial owners to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company or otherwise adversely affect our business.
On December 25, 2006, the People’s Bank of China promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange, and on January 5, 2007, the SAFE further promulgated implementation rules for those measures. We refer to these regulations collectively as the Individual Foreign Exchange Rules. The Individual Foreign Exchange Rules became effective on February 1, 2007. According to these regulations, PRC citizens who are granted shares or share options by a company listed on an overseas stock market according to its employee share option or share incentive plan are required, through the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company or any other qualified PRC agent, to register with the SAFE and to complete certain other procedures related to the share option or other share incentive plan. Foreign exchange income received from the sale of shares or dividends distributed by the overseas listed company may be remitted into a foreign currency account of such PRC citizen or be exchanged into Renminbi. Our PRC citizen employees who have been granted share options became subject to the Individual Foreign Exchange Rules upon the listing of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market. If we or our PRC citizen employees fail to comply with these regulations, we or our PRC option holders may be subject to fines and legal sanctions.
Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately more than 20% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar over the following five years. However, under the current global financial and economic conditions, it is impossible to predict with any certainty how the RMB will move vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar in the near future.
Our revenues and costs are mostly denominated in the RMB, and a significant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We rely entirely on dividends and other fees paid to us by our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China. Any significant appreciation or depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, a further appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would make any new RMB-denominated investments or expenditures more costly to us, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into the RMB for such purposes. An appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes when we translate our U.S. dollar denominated financial assets into the RMB, as the RMB is our reporting currency. Conversely, a significant depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our reported earnings, and may adversely affect the price of our ADSs.

 

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The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, may have been required in connection with our initial public offering in October 2007 under a PRC regulation adopted in August 2006. Based on advice of our PRC counsel, we did not seek CSRC’s approval for our initial public offering. Any requirement to obtain prior CSRC approval and a failure to obtain this approval, if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, reputation and trading price of our ADSs.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the PRC Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rule, which became effective on September 8, 2006. These regulations purport, among other things, to require offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, formed for overseas listing purposes and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by SPVs seeking CSRC approval of their overseas listings.
At the time of our initial public offering in October 2007, while the application of the new regulations remained unclear, our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, advised us that, based on their understanding of the PRC laws and regulations effective at that time as well as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006:
   
the CSRC had jurisdiction over our offering;
   
the CSRC by then had not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like our initial public offering were subject to this new procedure; and
   
despite the above, given that we had completed our inbound investment before September 8, 2006, the effective date of the M&A Rule, an application was not required under the M&A Rule to be submitted to the CSRC for its approval of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market, unless we were clearly required to do so by subsequent rules of the CSRC.
Based on advice of our PRC counsel, we did not seek CSRC’s approval for our initial public offering. We, however, cannot assure you that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would have reached the same conclusion as our PRC counsel. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies subsequently determine that the CSRC’s approval was required for our initial public offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. In such event, these regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs.
The regulation discussed above could also make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.
The regulation discussed in the preceding risk factor also established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. To date, we have conducted our acquisitions in China exclusively through our PRC consolidated affiliated entities. In the future, we may grow our business in part by directly acquiring complementary businesses rather than through our PRC consolidated affiliated entities, although we currently do not have any plans to do so. Complying with the requirements of the new regulations to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may prevent us from completing such transactions on a timely basis, or at all, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

 

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The PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
On June 29, 2007, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China enacted the Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. On September 18, 2008, the State Council adopted the implementing rules for the Labor Contract Law, which became effective upon adoption. This new labor law and its implementing rules have reinforced the protection for employees, who, under the existing PRC Labor Law, already have certain rights, such as the right to have written labor contracts, the right to enter into labor contracts with no fixed terms under specific circumstances, the right to receive overtime wages when working overtime, and the right to terminate or alter terms in the labor contracts. In addition, the Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules have made some amendments to the existing PRC Labor Law and added some clauses that could increase cost of labor to employers. For example, under the Labor Contract Law, employers are required to base their decisions to dismiss employees on seniority, as opposed to merit, under certain circumstances. As the Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules are relatively new, there remains significant uncertainty as to their interpretation and application by the PRC government authorities. In the event that we decide to significantly reduce our workforce, the Labor Contract Law and its implementing rules could adversely affect our ability to effect these changes cost-effectively or in the manner we desire, which could lead to a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our ADSs
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile.
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:
   
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;
   
changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
   
conditions in the Chinese insurance industry;
   
changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other insurance intermediaries;
   
announcements by us or our competitors of new products, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
   
addition or departure of key personnel;
   
fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies;
   
potential litigation or administrative investigations;
   
sales of additional ADSs; and
   
general economic or political conditions in China.
In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.
We may need additional capital, and the sale of additional ADSs or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

 

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Substantial future sales of our ordinary shares or ADSs, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.
Additional sales of our ADSs in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. If any existing shareholder or shareholders sell a substantial amount of ordinary shares in the form of ADSs, the market price of our ADSs could decline. In addition, we may issue additional ordinary shares as considerations for future acquisitions. If we do so, your ownership interests in our company would be diluted and this in turn could have an adverse effect on the price of our ADSs.
Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by our officers, directors and principal shareholders.
As of April 8, 2011, our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders beneficially owned approximately 46.9% of our outstanding shares. These shareholders could exert substantial influence over matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including electing directors and approving mergers or other business combination transactions, and they may not act in the best interests of other noncontrolling shareholders. This concentration of our share ownership also may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our ADSs. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders.
You may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our ordinary shares and may not receive voting materials in time to be able to exercise your right to vote.
Except as described in this annual report and in the deposit agreement, holders of our ADSs will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the shares evidenced by our ADSs on an individual basis. Holders of ADSs may instruct the depositary to exercise the voting rights attaching to the shares represented by the ADSs. If no instructions are received by the depositary on or before a date established by the depositary, the depositary shall deem the holders to have instructed it to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to exercise their voting rights. You may not receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote, and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.
You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will not offer those rights to ADS holders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. In addition, we may not be able to take advantage of any exemptions from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, holders of our ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

 

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You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, conduct substantially all of our operations in China and most of our directors and officers reside outside the United States. In addition, Cayman Islands securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors as compared to U.S. laws.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and conduct substantially all of our operations in China through our wholly owned subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China. Most of our directors and officers reside outside the United States and some or all of the assets of those persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents in the United States and some or all of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or our officers and directors predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. Our PRC counsel has advised us that China does not have treaties with the United States or many other countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgment of courts. It is also uncertain whether the Cayman Islands or PRC courts would be competent to hear original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or our officers and directors predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association and by the Companies Law (2010 Revision) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by noncontrolling shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, because Cayman Islands law has no legislation specifically dedicated to the rights of investors in securities, and thus no statutorily defined private causes of action specific to investors in securities such as those found under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in the United States, it provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the federal courts of the United States.
As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.
Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs.
Our articles of association contain provisions limiting the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to enter into change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of our ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
You may have to rely on price appreciation of our ADSs for any return on your investment.
Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs. There is no guarantee that our ADSs will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in our ADSs.

 

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We may become a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. Holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.
Based on the market price of our ADSs, the value of our assets, and the composition of our income and assets, we do not believe we were a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. A non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. We must make a separate determination after the close of each taxable year as to whether we were a PFIC for that year. The composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we use any cash we generate from our operations or raise in any offering. Because the value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC test will generally be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs or ordinary shares, fluctuations in the market price of our ADSs or ordinary shares may cause us to become a PFIC. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation”) holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company.”
Item 4.  
Information on the Company
A.  
History and Development of the Company
Our founders, Mr. Yinan Hu and Mr. Qiuping Lai, formed two PRC companies, Guangzhou Nanyun Car Rental Services Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Nanfeng Automobile Association Co., Ltd., initially to provide automobile-related services, such as car rental and emergency services. In 1999, we began distributing automobile insurance products and automobile loans on an ancillary basis. In 2001, our founders transferred their interests in the two PRC companies to China United Financial Services Holdings Limited (then known as China Automobile Association Holdings Limited), or China United Financial Services, a newly established British Virgin Islands company, as part of a series of transactions in which Cathay Capital Group, a private equity group, made an investment in China United Financial Services by subscribing for 40% of the equity interests.
We established two insurance agencies, Beijing Fanlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Fanhua Nanfeng Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Guangdong Nanfeng Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.), or Guangdong Nanfeng, in April and May 2002, respectively, and obtained professional agency licenses to distribute insurance products in Beijing and Guangdong.
As part of its corporate restructuring to facilitate international fundraising, China United Financial Services incorporated CISG Holdings, a British Virgin Islands company, in June 2004 as the holding company for its insurance agency and brokerage businesses and transferred to CISG Holdings all of its rights and interests in four PRC insurance intermediary companies it then controlled. In September 2004, Cathay Capital Group subscribed for approximately 27.8% of the equity interests in CISG Holdings.
From June 2004 to December 2005, we expanded our operations by establishing eight insurance agencies and brokerages in Beijing, Sichuan and Guangdong.
In December 2005, an entity affiliated with CDH Growth Capital Holdings Company Limited, or CDH Growth Capital Holdings, a private equity firm, subscribed for approximately 26.4% of the equity interests in CISG Holdings. Through CDH China Holdings Management Company Limited, or CDH Investment, we commenced our life insurance business by acquiring controlling interests in three insurance agencies in Sichuan, Hebei and Fujian and further expanded our operation by establishing four insurance agencies in Shandong, Hunan, Shenzhen and Shanghai in 2006. We established one insurance agency in Fujian and one insurance brokerage in Guangdong in early 2007.
In anticipation of our initial public offering, we incorporated CNinsure Inc. in the Cayman Islands in April 2007. In July 2007, CNinsure Inc., on a 10,000-for-one basis, issued its ordinary shares to the then existing shareholders of CISG Holdings in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of CISG Holdings. After this restructuring transaction, CNinsure Inc. became the ultimate holding company of our group.

 

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On October 31, 2007, we listed our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CISG.” We and certain selling shareholders of our company completed the initial public offering of 13,526,773 ADSs, each representing 20 ordinary shares, on November 5, 2007.
On July 14, 2010, we completed a follow-on public offering of 4,600,000 ADSs, each representing 20 ordinary shares. We received net proceeds of approximately US$109.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.
From the completion of our initial public offering to April 8, 2011, we further expanded our service offerings to include claims adjusting services and certain consumer financial products and services, and extended our distribution and service network both organically and through acquisitions. As of April 8, 2011, we, through our consolidated affiliated entities, directly or indirectly, owned majority interests in the range of 51% to 100% of 39 agencies, three brokerage companies, three claims adjusting firms and one online insurance service company. We also own 18.16% equity interest in a consumer credit brokerage company and 19.48% equity interest in a wealth management service company. The following table sets forth detailed information of the entities we acquired or established in China between January 1, 2010 and April 8, 2011:
                     
        % of Equity          
        Interests          
Date of Acquisition(1)   Name of Established or Acquired   Attributable to     Main Insurance Products Distributed   Location
or Establishment(2)   Company   Us     or Services Provided   (Province)
January 1, 2010(1)
  Hebei Fanlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.     51 %   Distribution of property and casualty insurance products   Hebei
January 1, 2010(1)
  Litian Zhuoyue Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd.     100 %   Operating platform management and maintenance   Beijing
March 30, 2010(1)
  Fujian Fanhua Investment Co., Ltd. (3)     45 %   Holding Company   Fujian
April 1, 2010(1)
  Shandong Fanhua Mintai Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.     51 %   Distribution of property and casualty insurance products   Shandong
April 1, 2010(1)
  Ningbo Fanhua Baolian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.     51 %   Distribution of property and casualty insurance products   Zhejiang
October 1, 2010(1)
  Shenyang Fangda Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.     51 %   Distribution of property and casualty insurance products   Liaoning
November 1, 2010(1)
  Shenzhen InsCom E-commerce Co., Ltd (4)     65.1 %   Distribution of insurance products online   Guangdong
November 19, 2010(2)
  Fanhua Puyi Investment Management Co., Ltd.     19.48 %   Offering wealth management services   Sichuan
February 17, 2011(2)
  Fanhua Lianxing Insurance Sales Co., Ltd.     100 %   Distribution of life insurance products   Beijing
March 2, 2011(2)
  Shenzhen Bangbang Auto Services Co., Ltd.     100 %   Automobile services   Guangdong
 
(1)  
Refers to the date on which we acquired and began to consolidate the acquired entity.
 
(2)  
Refers to the date on which we obtained business licenses for the newly established company.
 
(3)  
We acquired additional 45% equity interests in Fujian Fanhua Investment Co., Ltd. in which we previously held 55% equity interests.
 
(4)  
As of November 1, 2010, we held 65.1% of the equity interest in InsCom Holding, which beneficially owned 100% of the equity interest in Shenzhen InsCom.

 

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Our principal executive offices are located at 22/F, Yinhai Building, No. 299 Yanjiang Zhong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510110, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86-20-6122-2777. Our registered office is at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands, or at such other place as our board of directors may from time to time decide. Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011.
Principal Transactions
Acquisition of InsCom Holding
In July 2010, CISG Holdings, our wholly owned subsidiary incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, entered into a Subscription and Shares Purchase and Shareholders Agreement, or the First Agreement, with Apollo & Muse Holding Ltd., or Apollo, and Clever Star Holdings Ltd., or CSH, the then two existing shareholders of InsCom Holding, a company incorporated in British Virgin Islands which beneficially owns 100% of the equity interest in Shenzhen InsCom, a limited liability company incorporated in the PRC. Under the First Agreement, Apollo agreed to sell its 6,588 ordinary shares of InsCom Holding to CISG Holdings at a consideration of RMB84,000,000 (US$12.7 million). According to the First Agreement, Apollo and CSH guaranteed that InsCom Holding shall have a book value of net cash asset of not less than RMB10,000,000 or the equivalent in U.S. dollars as of the date of completion of the First Agreement.
We subsequently undertook a restructuring by transferring the beneficial equity interests in six PRC affiliated companies, Henan Fanhua Anlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Fanhua Zhixin Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Tianjin Fanhua Xianghe Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Fujiang Fanhua Guoxin Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Changsha Lianyi Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. and Ningbo Baolian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., held by CISG Holdings to Ying Si Kang Information, a wholly owned subsidiary of InsCom Holding incorporated in the PRC, or its associated companies in the PRC. In November 2010, CISG Holdings completed the transfer of its beneficial equity interests in five of the aforesaid six PRC companies to Xinbao Investment, an affiliated entity of Ying Si Kang Information. The equity transfer for the remaining PRC company is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2011.
Pursuant to the First Agreement, Apollo and CSH agreed on net profit targets of InsCom Holding in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Due to changes in the growth strategy for our e-commerce insurance business, a Supplemental Subscription and Shares Purchase and Shareholders Agreement was entered into in April 2011, pursuant to which the exact net profit targets are under negotiation and shall be determined by December 31, 2011. If no agreement is reached by December 31, 2011, then the net profit targets in 2011, 2012 and 2013 shall be RMB102,600,000, RMB136,300,000 and RMB170,200,000, respectively. In the event that InsCom Holding fails to fulfill the net profit target in any single year, CISG Holdings shall have the right to demand Apollo to pay to CISG Holdings a compensation equivalent to such portion of net profit that falls short of the target for that particular year. However, the aggregate compensation for these three years shall not in any event exceed the total amount of RMB84,000,000 (US$12.7 million). In the event that the net profit of InsCom Holding in any single year between 2011 and 2013 is less than 70% of the target, CISG Holdings shall have the right to demand CSH in any of such year to transfer such number of shares constituting 3% of the entire issued share capital of InsCom Holding at a nominal consideration of US$1.00 to CISG Holdings. However, the aggregate transferred shares shall not exceed 9% of the entire issued share capital of InsCom Holding at a nominal consideration of US$3.00 if the net profit for all three years is less than 70% of the target.
Under the First Agreement, upon completion of the equity transfer, the board of directors of InsCom Holding will consist of three members, two of whom will be appointed by CISG Holdings and the other by Apollo. Constitution of the board of directors of each of the subsidiaries shall be the same as InsCom Holding and all directors shall be appointed as directors of the subsidiaries unless otherwise agreed by InsCom Holding. CISG Holdings has the right to select the CFO and the relevant executive officers handling the finance and accounts of InsCom Holding. CISG Holdings agreed that if there are no capital raising events, such as an initial public offering or a sale of the majority of assets to an unrelated third party, within three years from the completion of the First Agreement, each of Apollo and two other shareholders, Wang Strategic Capital Partners (II) Limited, or WSCP, an exempted limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and Harbor Pacific Capital Partners I, LP, or HPC, an exempted limited partnership registered in the Cayman Islands, shall have the right and option to put to our chairman and require our chairman to purchase or to cause any of his affiliates or to procure any third party to purchase all of the shares held by Apollo and those two shareholders at a specific price.
In October 2010, Apollo and CSH entered into a Subscription and Share Purchase Agreement, or the Second Agreement, with WSCP and HPC. Under the Second Agreement, Apollo agreed to sell 230 ordinary shares in InsCom Holding to WSCP and HPC at a consideration of RMB23,000,000 (US$3.5 million), and WSCP and HPC agreed to subscribe for an aggregate of 120 ordinary shares of InsCom Holding at a consideration of RMB12,000,000 (US$1.8 million).

 

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Concurrently with the execution of the Second Agreement, CISG Holdings, Apollo, CSH, WSCP and HPC entered into a Deed of Adherence, or the Deed, which was made subject to the terms and conditions of the First Agreement. Pursuant to the Deed,WSCP and HPC agreed to perform, assume, comply with and be bound by all the terms, covenants, obligations and provisions in the First Agreement as if WSCP and HPC were original parties to the First Agreement. Specifically, WSCP and HPC will have the same rights and obligations as CSH under the First Agreement. The parties to the Deed agreed to establish a strategic committee under the supervision of the board of directors of InsCom Holding. Unless otherwise agreed by CISG Holdings, the strategic committee shall consist of six committee members of whom four shall be appointed by CISG Holdings, one shall be appointed by Apollo and one shall be appointed by WSCP and HPC.
The First Agreement, the Second Agreement and the Deed were executed on and before November 1, 2010.
In March 2011, we announced our plan to expedite expansion into the e-commerce insurance business, which may significantly affect the achievement of the original net profit targets of InsCom Holding, the holding company of our e-commerce insurance business, for 2011, 2012 and 2013 as agreed by Apollo and CSH pursuant to the First Agreement. As such, we are in the process of renegotiating the net profit targets.
Sale of Datong
We started our life insurance distribution business by building a Life Insurance Business Unit in 2006 and established Datong Life Business Unit in 2008 by acquiring 55% stake in Beijing Fanhua Datong Investment Management Cop., Ltd., or Datong. The remaining 45% of Datong is held by Mr. Keping Lin, or Mr. Lin. Over the past two years, both of our life insurance business units have achieved astonishing growth. However, the difference in the two business units’ business philosophies and corporate cultures has been increasingly presenting challenges to us in resources allocation. Therefore, in order to avoid potential internal friction and streamline our business structure for more effective management and resources allocation, we decided to sell all the equity interest we held in Datong.
In December 2010, we executed a share subscription agreement with Datong International Holdings Limited, or Datong International, incorporated in Cayman Island, Mr. Lin, other founders and Winner Sight Global Limited, or Winner Sight, an affiliated entity of Warburg Pincus LLC incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, pursuant to which CISG Holdings subscribed for 513,333,767 Class B ordinary shares, representing 54% ownership of Datong International for US$981,946. Mr. Lin and Winner Sight owned the remaining 45% and 1% of Datong International, respectively.
As PRC regulations require the shareholders of the offshore acquirer to register with relevant PRC government authorities and obtain their approval for the purchase. Mr. Lin, Winner Sight and the Company respectively registered with the PRC regulators as shareholders of Datong International in January 2011 and received all necessary approval in February 2011. In March 2011, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its 54% in Datong International to Winner Sight. As a result, our liability of the initial purchase amount of $981,946 for subscription to Datong International has been transferred to Winner Sight. Concurrently, we executed an agreement to sell our 55% interest in Datong to Beijing Min Si Lian Hua Investment Management Co., Ltd., or Min Si LianHua a subsidiary of Datong International resulting in Winner Sight being the ultimate owner of 55% of Datong as of March 2011. In addition, Mr. Lin and Datong Investment agreed to pay a cash dividend of RMB10 million exclusively to us and we agreed to return to Mr. Lin the remaining amount of the security deposit held by us that was originally paid by Mr. Lin as part of the contingent consideration in relation to our 2008 acquisition of Datong.
As of December 31, 2010, we did not believe that the sale of Datong was probable within one year as there existed significant uncertainties relating to the terms of the sale and the conditions precedent to the consummation of the sale at that time. As such, the assets of Datong remained classified as held for use as of December 31, 2010.
B. Business Overview
We are a leading independent insurance intermediary company operating in China. With 46,038 sales professionals, 1,367 claims adjustors and 533 sales and service outlets operating in 23 provinces as of April 8, 2011, our distribution and service network reaches some of China’s most economically developed regions and some of the most affluent cities in China, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

 

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As an insurance intermediary company, we do not assume underwriting risks. Instead, we distribute to customers in China a wide variety of property, casualty and life insurance products underwritten by domestic and foreign insurance companies operating in China and provide insurance claims adjusting services, such as damage assessment, survey, authentication and loss estimation. We also provide certain value-added services, such as 24-hour emergency services in select cities and assistance with claim settlement, to our customers—individuals and institutions that purchase insurance products through us. In addition, we provide information about potential customers to insurance companies, which then sell insurance products to them, either directly or through our affiliated insurance intermediaries. We are compensated for our services primarily by commissions and fees paid by insurance companies, typically based on a percentage of the premium paid by the insured or a percentage of the amount recovered from insurance companies. Commission and fee rates generally depend on the type of insurance products, the particular insurance company and the region in which the products are sold. Furthermore, we offer certain consumer financial products and services and wealth management services through a consumer credit brokerage company and a wealth management company in which we hold noncontrolling interests.
As of April 8, 2011, we had one affiliated online insurance service company and 45 affiliated insurance intermediary companies in the PRC, of which 39 are insurance agencies, three are insurance brokerages and three are insurance adjusting firms. We also own 18.16% of the equity interest in a consumer credit brokerage company and 19.48% of the equity interest in a wealth management service company. According to the Insurance Intermediary Market Development Report for 2010 published by the CIRC, our affiliates included:
   
nine of China’s top 20 insurance agencies, accounting for approximately 11.96% of total insurance agency revenue in China in 2010;
   
one of China’s top 20 insurance brokerage, accounting for approximately 0.9% of total insurance brokerage revenue in China in 2010; and
   
two of China’s top 20 insurance claims adjusting firms, accounting for approximately 14.94% of total claims adjusting firm revenue in China in 2010.
The professional insurance intermediary sector in China is at an early stage of development and highly fragmented. We believe this offers substantial opportunities for further growth and consolidation. We intend to take advantage of these opportunities to increase our market share by aggressively expanding our distribution network through selective acquisitions, recruitment of experienced and entrepreneurial sales agents and franchising. In particular, we intend to devote significant resources to distributing life insurance products in order to benefit from the recurring fee income they generate and to better capture the significant opportunities presented by China’s rapidly growing life insurance market.
Products and Services
We market and sell to our customers’ two broad categories of insurance products: property and casualty insurance products and life insurance products, both focused on meeting the insurance needs of individuals. The insurance products we sell are underwritten by some of the leading insurance companies in China. We also provide insurance claims adjusting services to both insurance companies and the insured as well as certain value-added services to our customers in conjunction with distributing automobile insurance products. In addition, in October 2009, we acquired a noncontrolling equity interest in CFSG, a consumer credit brokerage company specialized in distributing personal loans and residential mortgage loans for commercial banks. This acquisition marked our expansion into the consumer financial services sector. In November 2010, we established Fanhua Puyi to offer independent investment research and wealth management services to both institutions and individuals.
Property and Casualty Insurance Products
Our main property and casualty insurance products are automobile insurance. In addition, we also offer individual accident insurance, commercial property insurance, and construction insurance products. Total net revenues from property and casualty insurance products accounted for 55.3% of our total net revenue in 2010. The property and casualty insurance products we distribute can be further classified into the following categories:
   
Automobile Insurance. Automobile insurance is the largest segment of property and casualty insurance in the PRC in terms of gross written premiums. We distribute both standard automobile insurance policies and supplemental policies, which we refer to as riders. The standard automobile insurance policies we sell generally have a term of one year and cover damages caused to the insured vehicle by collision and other traffic accidents, falling or flying objects, fire, explosion and natural disasters. We also sell standard third party liability insurance policies, which cover bodily injury and property damage caused by an accident involving an insured vehicle to a person not in the insured vehicle. The riders we distribute cover additional losses, such as liability to passengers, losses arising from vehicle theft and robbery, broken glass and vehicle body scratches.

 

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Individual Accident Insurance. The individual accident insurance products we distribute generally provide a guaranteed benefit during the coverage period, which usually is one year or a shorter period, in the event of death or disability of the insured as a result of an accident, or a reimbursement of medical expenses to the insured in connection with an accident. These products typically require only a single premium payment for each coverage period. Because most of the individual accident insurance products we distribute are underwritten by property and casualty insurance companies, we classify individual accident insurance products as property and casualty insurance products.
   
Commercial Property Insurance. The commercial property insurance products we distribute include basic, comprehensive and all risk policies. Basic commercial property insurance policies generally cover damage to the insured property caused by fire, explosion and thunder and lightning. Comprehensive commercial property insurance policies generally cover damage to the insured property caused by fire, explosion and certain natural disasters. All risk commercial property insurance policies cover all causes of damage to the insured property not specifically excluded from the policies.
   
Homeowner Insurance. The homeowner insurance products we distribute are primarily home mortgage-based insurance policies. Home mortgage-based policies cover damage to mortgaged property caused by a number of standard risks such as fire, flood and explosion. Some policies also provide mortgage repayment protection in the event the policyholder is unable to make mortgage payment due to death or injury.
   
Cargo Insurance. The cargo insurance products we distribute cover damage to or loss of goods in transit by sea, land or air.
   
Hull Insurance. The hull insurance products we distribute cover vessels against losses, liabilities and expenses caused by natural calamities, negligence of crew members and marine accidents, as well as collision liability.
   
Liability Insurance. The liability insurance products we distribute are primarily product liability and employer’s liability insurance products. These products generally cover losses to third parties due to the misconduct or negligence of the insured party, but exclude losses due to fraud or the willful misconduct of the insured party.
   
Construction Insurance. The construction insurance products we distribute cover property damages and personal injury losses caused by natural disasters and accidents in connection with construction projects in China.
The property and casualty insurance products we distributed in 2010 were primarily underwritten by PICC, CPIC, Ping An, Tian Ping Auto Insurance Co., Ltd. and Alltrust Insurance Co., Ltd.
Life Insurance Products
The life insurance products we distribute can be broadly classified into the categories set forth below. Due to constant product innovation by insurance companies, some of the insurance products we distribute combine features of one or more of the categories listed below. Total net revenues from life insurance products accounted for 32.8% of our total net revenues in 2010.
   
Individual Whole Life Insurance. The individual whole life insurance products we distribute provide insurance for the insured person’s entire life in exchange for the periodic payment of fixed premiums over a pre-determined period, generally ranging from five to 20 years, or until the insured reaches a certain age. The face amount of the policy or, for some policies, the face amount plus accumulated interests is paid upon the death of the insured.
   
Individual Term Life Insurance. The individual term life insurance products we distribute provide insurance for the insured for a specified time period or until the attainment of a certain age, in return for the periodic payment of fixed premiums over a pre-determined period, generally ranging from five to 20 years. Term life insurance policies generally expire without value if the insured survives the coverage period.

 

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Individual Endowment Life Insurance. The individual endowment products we distribute generally provide maturity benefits if the insured reaches a specified age, and provide to a beneficiary designated by the insured guaranteed benefits upon the death of the insured within the coverage period. In return, the insured makes periodic payment of premiums over a pre-determined period, generally ranging from five to 25 years.
   
Individual Education Annuity. The individual annuity products we distribute are primarily education related products. They provide annual benefit payments after the insured attains a certain age, e.g., 18, for a fixed time period, or e.g., four years, and a lump payment at the end of the coverage period. In addition, the beneficiary designated in the annuity contract will receive guaranteed benefits upon the death of the insured during the coverage period. In return, the purchaser of the annuity products makes periodic payment of premiums during a pre-determined accumulation period.
   
Universal Insurance. We distribute certain universal insurance products that provide not only insurance coverage but also a minimum guaranteed return on the amount the insured puts into an individual investment account. In return the insured makes periodic payment of premiums over a pre-determined period.
   
Individual Health Insurance. The individual health insurance products we distribute primarily consist of dread disease insurance products, which provide guaranteed benefits for specified dread diseases during the coverage period. In return, the insured makes periodic payment of premiums over a pre-determined period.
   
Group Life Insurance. We distribute several group life insurance products, including group health insurance. These group products generally have a policy period of one year and require a single premium payment.
In addition to the periodic premium payment schedules described above, most of the individual life insurance products we distribute also allow the insured to choose to make a single, lump-sum premium payment at the beginning of the policy term. If a periodic payment schedule is adopted by the insured, a life insurance policy can generate periodic payment of fixed premiums to the insurance company for a specified period of time. This means that once we sell a life insurance policy with a periodic premium payment schedule, we will be able to derive commission and fee income from that policy for an extended period of time, sometimes up to 25 years. Because of this attractive feature and the expected sustained growth of life insurance sales in China, we have focused significant resources since 2006 on developing our capability to distribute individual life insurance products with periodic payment schedules. We expect that sales of life insurance products will become an important source of our revenue in the next several years. The life insurance products we distributed in 2010 were primarily underwritten by AVIVA-COFCO, Sino Life., Minsheng Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Huaxia Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and Sinatay Life Insurance Co., Ltd.
Insurance Claims Adjusting Services
In 2010, total net revenues from claims adjusting services accounted for 11.9% of our total net revenue. We offer the following insurance claims adjusting services:
   
Pre-underwriting Survey. Before an insurance policy is sold, we conduct a survey of the item to be insured to assess its current value and help our clients determine the insurable value and the amount to be insured. We also help our clients assess the underwriting risk with respect to the item to be insured through survey, appraisal and analysis.
   
Claims Adjusting. When an accident involving the insured subject matter has occurred, we conduct onsite survey to determine the cause of the accident and assess damage. We then determine the extent of the loss to the insured subject matter and prepare and submit a report to the insurance company summarizing our preliminary findings. Upon final conclusion of the case, we prepare and submit a detailed report to the insurance company setting forth details of the accident, cause of the loss, details of the loss, adjustment and determination of loss, indemnity proposal and, where appropriate, request for payment.

 

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Disposal of Residual Value. In the course of providing claims adjusting services, we also can appraise the residual value of the insured property and offer suggestions on the disposal of such property. Upon appointment by the insurance company, we can handle the actual disposal of the insured property through auction, discounted sale, lease or other means.
   
Loading and Unloading Supervision. Upon appointment by ship owners, shippers, consignees or insurance companies, we can monitor and record the loading and unloading processes of specific cargos.
   
Consulting Services. We provide consulting services to both the insured and the insurance companies on risk assessment and management, disaster and damage prevention, investigation, and loss assessment.
We are compensated primarily by insurance companies for our claims adjusting services, which we provide on behalf of insurance companies. The fees we receive are calculated based on the types of insurance involved. For services provided in connection with property and casualty insurance (other than marine cargo insurance and automobile insurance), our fees are calculated as a percentage of the recovered amount from insurance companies plus travel expenses. For services provided in connection with marine cargo insurance, our fees are charged primarily on an hourly basis and, in some cases, as a percentage of the amount recovered from insurance companies. For automobile insurance, our fees are generally fixed and the amounts collected are based on the types of services provided. In 2010, we primarily provided claims adjusting services to PICC, Ping An, CPIC, Tian Ping Auto Insurance Co., Ltd. and Bank of China Insurance Company Limited.
As competition intensifies and the insurance market becomes more mature in China, we believe there will be a further division of labor in the insurance intermediary sector. We expect that more insurance companies will choose to outsource claims adjusting functions to professional service providers while they focus on the core aspects of their business, including product development, asset and risk management. We believe we are well-positioned to capture such outsourcing opportunities.
Other Services
In conjunction with the sale of automobile insurance products, we provide our customers with a number of value-added services under our service slogan, “You take care of driving, and we’ll take care of the rest.” For example, we assist our customers with obtaining vehicle licenses and subsequent annual inspections. We maintain 24-hour service hotlines in most of our principal markets. When an accident involving an insured vehicle occurs within these markets, our service staff can arrive at the scene quickly after being notified through the 24-hour service hotline and provide onsite assistance to our customer.
In addition, we also distribute mortgage loan, re-mortgage loan, homeowner loan and auto loan through CFSG, a consumer credit brokerage company in which we hold noncontrolling interests, and offer independent investment research and wealth management services to both institutions and individuals through Fanhua Puyi, a joint venture which we established in November 2010.
Entrepreneurial Agent Program
In recent years, some entrepreneurial management staff and senior sales agents of major insurance companies in China have chosen to leave their employers or principals and become independent. We call these individuals “entrepreneurial agents.” We have designed and implemented a comprehensive program to attract and retain productive entrepreneurial agents. Under this program, only entrepreneurial agents who meet specific professional criteria and successfully pass a six-month trial period will be formally admitted to our distribution and service network, and only those who continue to meet specified performance standards will be allowed to remain in our network. In addition to cash compensation, these entrepreneurial agents also have the opportunity to participate in the equity of our business. We believe that our entrepreneurial agent program provides productive entrepreneurial agents a strong incentive to grow their business within our network and enables us to grow our sales force with productive, motivated professionals. As of April 8, 2011, we had 389 entrepreneurial sales teams in our network, excluding those of Datong which was sold on March 25, 2011.

 

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Scalable Unified Operating Platform
In accordance with our growth strategy, we have made significant effort to expand and upgrade our unified operating platform since our initial public offering. We expect that our upgraded operating platform will make selling easier for sales agents, facilitate standardized business and financial management, enhance risk control and increase operational efficiency. Since January 1, 2010, we have successfully implemented the following components of our operating platform across the company:
   
Standardized operating procedures;
   
A Core Business System, which encompasses our property and casualty insurance unit, life insurance unit, and claims adjusting unit, that will better support business operations and facilitate risk control;
   
A centralized and computerized accounting and financial management system;
   
A human resources management system;
   
An office automation system;
   
An e-learning system to provide online training to sales agents; and
   
A nationwide IT network and data center to support front-office operations.
In addition, we have been working on refining the Business Operation Support System, which facilitates sales support to our agents with various functions such as e-sales solutions, product portfolio proposals, product centers, auto insurance premium calculation and call centers. We have also initiated a module for data transmission with insurance companies and we are in the process of developing an image and workflow system which aims to enhance our operating efficiency.
We have developed and refined this platform through more than ten years of operations and believe that it is difficult for our competitors, particularly new market entrants, to reproduce a similar platform without substantial financial resources, time and operating experience. Because the various systems, policies and procedures of our operating platform can be rolled out quickly as we enter new regions or make acquisitions, we believe we can expand our distribution network rapidly and efficiently while maintaining the quality of our services.
Distribution and Service Network and Marketing
Since our establishment in 1998, we have built a distribution and service network that, as of April 8, 2011, consisted of 39 insurance agencies, three insurance brokerages, three claims adjusting firms and one online insurance service company, with 533 sales and service outlets, 45,914 registered sales agents, 124 in-house sales representatives and 1,367 in-house claims adjustors. Our distribution and service network covers 23 provinces and reaches some of the most economically developed regions in China and some of the wealthiest Chinese cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

 

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The following table sets forth some additional information of our distribution and service network as of April 8, 2011, broken down by provinces:
                                 
            Number of              
    Number of Sales and     In-house Sales     Number of Sales     Number of In-house  
Province   Service Outlets(1)     Representatives     Agents(1)     Adjustors  
Guangdong
    115       114       8,325       689  
Hebei
    123             7,928       102  
Shandong
    28             7,895       11  
Sichuan
    61             4,750       94  
Beijing
    17       10       3,311       8  
Hunan
    14             2,915       10  
Fujian
    32             2,301       5  
Henan
    15             2,105       7  
Zhejiang
    30             1,541       41  
Liaoning
    33             1,393       74  
Jiangsu
    12             1,127       28  
Jiangxi
    11             657       5  
Hubei
    12             607       14  
Tianjin
    4             424       18  
Jilin
    2             356        
Shanghai
    10             279       162  
Yunnan
    4                   47  
Shaanxi
    1                   9  
Hainan
    2                   12  
Guangxi
    2                   8  
Anhui
    2                   8  
Chongqing
    1                   1  
Guizhou
    2                   14  
 
                       
Total
    533       124       45,914       1,367  
 
                       
 
     
(1)  
Excludes 124 sales outlets and 6,412 sales agents of Datong as of the date of disposal on March 25, 2011.
We market and sell property and casualty insurance products directly to the targeted customers through both sales agents, who are not our employees, and our in-house sales representatives. For the marketing and sale of life insurance products, we rely exclusively on the sales agents working on our unified operating platform. We market and sell insurance claims adjusting services primarily to insurance companies through our professional claims adjustors by tendering for claims adjusting business contracts.
Customers
We sell automobile insurance, individual accident insurance and homeowner insurance products primarily to individual customers. We sell commercial property insurance, cargo insurance, hull insurance, liability insurance and construction insurance products to institutional customers. Customers for the life insurance products we distribute are primarily individuals under 50 years of age. For the year ended December 31, 2010, no single customer accounted for more than 3% of our net revenues.
Since our establishment in 1998, we have built a database of more than one million individuals, who originally were members of our automobile association. Using information contained in this database, our sales agents contact potential customers with our target demographics on a regular basis. In addition, we had approximately 1.6 million customers, including approximately 1.3 million customers who bought property and casualty insurance products from us and approximately 0.3 million customers who bought life insurance products from us in 2010. By providing certain value-added services to these customers at no additional charge, we seek to build a loyal customer base that generates referral and cross-selling opportunities.
We offer insurance adjusting services primarily to insurance companies and to a lesser extent to the insured.
Insurance Company Partners
As of April 8, 2011, we had established business relationships with 59 insurance companies and one reinsurance company in the PRC. In the Chinese insurance market, local branches of insurance companies generally have the authority to enter into contracts in their own names with insurance intermediaries. Historically, we have entered into and maintained business relationships with insurance companies at the local level. That is, our insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms would enter into different contracts with different local branches of an insurance company that are located within their respective regions. The termination of a business relationship between one of our insurance agencies, brokerages or claims adjusting firms and a local branch of an insurance company generally would have no significant impact on the business relationships between our other insurance agencies, brokerages and claims adjusting firms and the other branches of the same insurance company. Since 2007, we have also sought to establish business relationships with insurance companies at the corporate headquarters level in order to leverage the combined sales volumes of our various affiliated insurance agencies and brokerages located in different parts of the country. As a result of this effort, we have entered into contracts with 17 life insurance companies and 10 property and casualty insurance companies at the corporate headquarters level for the distribution of insurance products and outsourcing of claims adjusting services.

 

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For the year ended December 31, 2010, our top five insurance company partners, after aggregating the business conducted between our insurance agencies and brokerages and the various local branches of the insurance companies, were PICC, CPIC, AVIVA-COFCO, Ping An and Sino Life. Among them, PICC, CPIC, AVIVA-COFCO and Ping An each accounted for more than 10% of our total net revenues from commissions and fees in 2010, with PICC accounting for 18.6%, CPIC accounting for 13.6%, AVIVA-COFCO accounting for 13.0% and Ping An accounting for 10.5%.
Competition
A number of industry players are involved in the distribution of insurance products in the PRC. We compete for customers on the basis of product offerings, customer services and reputation. Because we primarily distribute individual insurance products, our principal competitors include:
   
Professional insurance intermediaries. The professional insurance intermediary sector in China is at an early stage of development and highly fragmented, accounting for only 5.8% of the total insurance premiums generated in China in 2010. Several insurance intermediary companies have received private equity or venture capital funding in recent years and are actively pursuing expansion, including China Zhonghe Ltd. and HuaKang Financial Service Inc. We believe that we can compete effectively with these insurance intermediary companies because we have a longer operational history and over the years have assembled a strong and stable team of managers and sales professionals and built a unified operating platform. With increasing consolidation expected in the insurance intermediary sector in the coming years, we expect competition within this sector to intensify.
   
Insurance companies. The distribution of individual life insurance products in China historically has been dominated by insurance companies, which usually use both in-house sales force and exclusive sales agents to distribute their own products. We believe that we can compete effectively with insurance companies because we focus only on distribution and offer our customers a broad range of insurance products underwritten by multiple insurance companies.
   
Entities that offer insurance products online. In recent years, domestic insurance companies, portal websites and professional insurance intermediaries have begun providing online shopping experience for consumers interested in purchasing insurance products. However, each of their insurance e-commerce operations has its own limitations. The insurance products offered on an insurance company’s website are usually confined to those under its own brand. Most portal websites provide separate product information with little comparison function and none of the professional insurance intermediaries that organize online product distribution has a nation-wide sales and service network to support after-sale service. We believe we can compete effectively with these business entities because our e-commerce insurance platform offers a broad range of insurance products underwritten by multiple insurance companies, price comparison for similar products and good after-sale services that are backed by our call center and nation-wide service network.
   
Other business entities. In recent years, business entities that distribute insurance products as an ancillary business, primarily commercial banks and postal offices, have been playing an increasingly important role in the distribution of insurance products, especially life insurance products. However, the insurance products distributed by these entities are usually confined to those related to their main lines of business, such as investment-related life insurance products. We believe that we can compete effectively with these business entities because we offer our customers a broader variety of products.
In addition to individual insurance products, we also distribute some commercial property and casualty insurance products. As a result, we also compete, to a lesser degree, with insurance intermediaries that focus on distribution of commercial property and casualty insurance products, such as large insurance brokerages backed by state-owned enterprises and major international insurance brokerage companies that have entered the Chinese market, including Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., Aon Corporation and Willis Group Holdings Limited. However, those insurance brokerages backed by state-owned enterprises tend to dominantly rely on business from their shareholders or affiliates while the businesses of the international insurance brokerage companies in China, lacking localized operations, are usually confined to the extension of their global businesses. We believe we can compete effectively with these business entities because our expertise and localized operations allow us to reach out to a broader customer base and better serve customers’ needs. In addition, we can leverage on our leading position in the distribution of individual insurance products, including our strong relationship with insurance companies, existing abundant customer resources and large distribution network, to rapidly develop our brokerage business.

 

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According to the Insurance Intermediary Market Development Report for 2010 published by the CIRC, the top 20 insurance claims adjusting firms by revenues accounted for approximately 67.0% of the total revenues of all 305 insurance claims adjusting firms in China in 2010. Our affiliates include two of these top 20 insurance claims adjusting firms, contributing approximately 14.9% of total claims adjusting firm revenue in China in 2010. We compete primarily with the other major claims adjusting firms in China, particularly Min Taian Insurance Surveyors & Loss Adjusters Co., Ltd., or Min Taian. We believe that we can compete effectively with Min Taian and other major insurance claims adjusting firms because we offer our customers a diversified range of claims adjusting services covering property insurance, automobile insurance and marine and cargo insurance and are able to leverage the business relationships we have developed with insurance companies through the distribution of property and casualty insurance products.
Intellectual Property
Our brand, trade names, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights distinguish our business platform, services and products from those of our competitors and contribute to our competitive advantage in the professional insurance intermediary sector. To protect our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret laws as well as confidentiality agreements with our employees, sales agents, contractors and others. We have three registered trademarks in China, including our corporate logo. Our main website is located at www.cninsure.net.
Regulation
Regulations of the Insurance Industry
The insurance industry in the PRC is highly regulated. CIRC is the regulatory authority responsible for the supervision of the Chinese insurance industry. Insurance activities undertaken within the PRC are primarily governed by the Insurance Law and the related rules and regulations.
Initial Development of Regulatory Framework
The Chinese Insurance Law was enacted in 1995. The original insurance law, which we refer to as the 1995 Insurance Law, provided the initial framework for regulating the domestic insurance industry. Among the steps taken under the 1995 Insurance Law were the following:
   
Licensing of insurance companies and insurance intermediaries, such as agencies and brokerages. The 1995 Insurance Law established requirements for minimum registered capital levels, form of organization, qualification of senior management and adequacy of the information systems for insurance companies and insurance agencies and brokerages.
   
Separation of property and casualty insurance businesses and life insurance businesses. The 1995 Insurance Law classified insurance between property, casualty, liability and credit insurance businesses, on the one hand, and life, accident and health insurance businesses on the other, and prohibited insurance companies from engaging in both types of businesses.
   
Regulation of market conduct by participants. The 1995 Insurance Law prohibited fraudulent and other unlawful conduct by insurance companies, agencies and brokerages.
   
Substantive regulation of insurance products. The 1995 Insurance Law gave insurance regulators the authority to approve the policy terms and premium rates for certain insurance products.
   
Financial condition and performance of insurance companies. The 1995 Insurance Law established reserve and solvency standards for insurance companies, imposed restrictions on investment powers and established mandatory reinsurance requirements, and put in place a reporting regime to facilitate monitoring by insurance regulators.
   
Supervisory and enforcement powers of the principal regulatory authority. The principal regulatory authority, then the People’s Bank of China, was given broad powers under the 1995 Insurance Law to regulate the insurance industry.

 

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Establishment of the CIRC and 2002 Amendments to the Insurance Law
China’s insurance regulatory regime was further strengthened with the establishment of the CIRC in 1998. The CIRC was given the mandate to implement reform in the insurance industry, minimize insolvency risk for Chinese insurers and promote the development of the insurance market.
The 1995 Insurance Law was significantly amended in 2002 and the amended insurance law, which we refer to as the 2002 Insurance Law, became effective on January 1, 2003. The major amendments to the 1995 Insurance Law include:
   
Authorizing the CIRC to be the insurance supervisory and regulatory body nationwide. The 2002 Insurance Law expressly grants the CIRC the authority to supervise and administer the insurance industry nationwide.
   
Expanding the permitted scope of business of property and casualty insurers. Under the 2002 Insurance Law, property and casualty insurance companies may engage in the short-term health insurance and accident insurance businesses upon the CIRC’s approval.
   
Providing additional guidelines for the relationship between insurance companies and insurance agents. The 2002 Insurance Law requires an insurance company to enter into an agent agreement with each insurance agent that will act as an agent for that insurance company. The agent agreement sets forth the rights and obligations of the parties to the agreement as well as other matters pursuant to law. An insurance company is responsible for the acts of its agents when the acts are within the scope authorized by the insurance company.
   
Relaxing restrictions on the use of funds by insurance companies. Under the 2002 Insurance Law, an insurance company may use its funds to make equity investments in insurance-related enterprises, such as asset management companies.
   
Allowing greater freedom for insurance companies to develop insurance products. The 2002 Insurance Law allowed insurance companies to set their own policy terms and premium rates, subject to the approval of, or a filing with, the CIRC.
2009 Amendments to the Insurance Law
The 2002 Insurance Law was significantly amended again in 2009 and the amended insurance law, which we refer to as the 2009 Insurance Law, became effective on October 1, 2009. The major amendments to the 2009 Insurance Law include:
   
Strengthening protection of the insured’s interests. The 2009 Insurance Law added a variety of clauses such as incontestable clause, abstained and estoppels clause, common disaster clause and amending immunity clause, claims-settlement prescription clause, reasons for claims rejection and contract modification clause.
   
Strengthening supervision on the qualification of the shareholders of the insurance companies and setting forth specific qualification requirements for the major shareholders, directors, supervisors and senior managers of insurance companies.
   
Expanding the business scope of insurers and further relaxing restriction on the use of fund by insurers.
   
Strengthening supervision on solvency of insurers with stricter measures.
   
Tightening regulations governing the administration of insurance intermediary companies, especially those relating to behaviors of insurance agents.

 

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According to the 2009 Insurance Law, the minimum registered capital required to establish an insurance agency or insurance brokerage as a limited liability company must comply with the PRC Company Law. The registered capital or the capital contribution of insurance agencies or insurance brokerages must be paid-up capital in cash. The 2009 Insurance Law also sets forth some specific qualification requirements for insurance agency and brokerage practitioners. The senior managers of insurance agencies or insurance brokerages must meet specific qualification requirements, and their appointments are subject to approval of the CIRC. Personnel of an insurance agency or insurance brokerage engaging in the sales of insurance products must meet the qualification requirements set by the CIRC and obtain a qualification certificate issued by the CIRC. Under the 2009 Insurance Law, the parties to an insurance transaction may engage insurance adjusting firms or other independent appraisal firms that are established in accordance with applicable laws, or persons who possess the requisite professional expertise, to conduct assessment and adjustment of the insured subject matters. Additionally, the 2009 Insurance Law specifies additional legal obligations for insurance agencies and brokerages.
The CIRC
The CIRC has extensive authority to supervise insurance companies and insurance intermediaries operating in the PRC, including the power to:
   
promulgate regulations applicable to the Chinese insurance industry;
   
investigate insurance companies and insurance intermediaries;
   
establish investment regulations;
   
approve policy terms and premium rates for certain insurance products;
   
set the standards for measuring the financial soundness of insurance companies and insurance intermediaries;
   
require insurance companies and insurance intermediaries to submit reports concerning their business operations and condition of assets;
   
order the suspension of all or part of an insurance company or an insurance intermediary’s business;
   
approve the establishment, change and dissolution of an insurance company, an insurance intermediary or their branches;
   
review and approve the appointment of senior managers of an insurance company, an insurance intermediary or their branches; and
   
punish improper behaviors or misconducts of an insurance company or an insurance intermediary.
Regulation of Insurance Agencies
The principal regulation governing insurance agencies is the Provisions on the Administration of Professional Insurance Agencies promulgated by the CIRC on September 18, 2009 and effective on October 1, 2009, which replaced the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Agencies issued by the CIRC on December 1, 2004 and effective on January 1, 2005. According to the regulation, the establishment of an insurance agency is subject to minimum registered capital requirement and other requirements and to the approval of the CIRC. The term “insurance agency” refers to an entity that meets the qualification requirements specified by the CIRC, has obtained the license to conduct an insurance agency business with the approval of the CIRC, engages in the insurance business by and within the authorization of, and which collects commissions from, insurance companies. An insurance agency may take any of the following forms: (i) a limited liability company; or (ii) a joint stock limited company. An insurance agency must have a registered capital or capital contribution of at least RMB2 million. Where it is established as a nationwide company, its registered capital must be at least RMB10 million. The registered capital must be paid up in cash. An insurance agency may engage in the following insurance agency businesses:
   
selling insurance products on behalf of the insurer principal;
   
collecting insurance premiums on behalf of the insurer principal;

 

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conducting loss surveys and handling claims of insurance businesses on behalf of the insurer principal; and
   
other business activities specified by the CIRC.
The name of an insurance agency must contain the words “insurance agency” or “insurance sales.” The license of an insurance agency is valid for a period of three years. An insurance agency must report to the CIRC for approval when it (i) changes its registered capital or capital contributions; (ii) changes its organizational form; (iii) changes its shareholders or partners; (iv) changes its equity structure or proportions of capital contributions; (v) changes its registered name or address; (vi) changes its articles of association; or (vii) closes its branches. Personnel of an insurance agency and its branches engaging in the sales of insurance products or relevant loss survey and claim settlement must pass a qualification examination for insurance agency practitioners organized by the CIRC and obtain a “Qualification Certificate for Insurance Agency Practitioners.” The senior managers of an insurance agency or its branches must meet specific qualification requirements set forth in the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Agencies. The appointment of the senior managers of an insurance agency or its branches is subject to review and approval of the CIRC.
Regulation of Insurance Brokerages
The principal regulation governing insurance brokerages is the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Brokerages promulgated by the CIRC on September 18, 2009 and effective on October 1, 2009, which replaced the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Brokerages issued by the CIRC on December 15, 2004 and effective on January 1, 2005. According to this regulation, the establishment of an insurance brokerage is subject to the approval of the CIRC. The term “insurance brokerage” refers to an entity engaging in the insurance brokering business that meets the qualification requirements specified by the CIRC and has obtained the license to operate an insurance brokering business with the approval of the CIRC. Insurance brokering business includes both direct insurance brokering, which refers to brokering activities on behalf of insurance applicants or the insured in their dealings with the insurance companies, and reinsurance brokering, which refers to brokering activities on behalf of insurance companies in their dealings with reinsurance companies. An insurance brokerage may take any of the following forms: (i) a limited liability company; or (ii) a joint stock limited company. An insurance brokerage company must have a registered capital or capital contribution of at least RMB10 million. The registered capital must be paid up in cash.
An insurance brokerage may conduct the following insurance brokering businesses:
   
making insurance proposals, selecting insurance companies and handling the insurance application procedures for the insurance applicants;
   
assisting the insured or the beneficiary to claim compensation;
   
reinsurance brokering business;
   
providing consulting services to clients with respect to disaster and damage prevention, risk assessment and risk management; and
   
other business activities specified by the CIRC.
The name of an insurance brokerage must contain the words “insurance brokerage.” The license of an insurance brokerage is valid for a period of three years. An insurance brokerage must report to the CIRC for approval when it (i) changes its registered capital or capital contributions; (ii) changes its organizational form; (iii) changes its shareholders or partners; (iv) changes its equity structure or proportions of capital contributions; (v) changes its registered name or address; (vi) changes its articles of association; or (vii) closes its branches. Personnel of an insurance brokerage and its branches who engage in any of the insurance brokering businesses described above must pass a qualification examination for insurance brokering practitioners organized by the CIRC and obtain a qualification certificate for insurance brokering practitioners. The senior managers of an insurance brokerage must meet specific qualification requirements set forth in the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Brokerages. Appointment of the senior managers of an insurance brokerage is subject to review and approval by the CIRC.

 

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Regulation of Insurance Claims Adjusting Firms
The principal regulation governing insurance adjusting firms is the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Claims Adjusting Firms issued by the CIRC on September 18, 2009 and effective on October 1, 2009, which replaced the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Claims Adjusting Firms promulgated on November 16, 2001 and effective on January 1, 2002. According to the regulation, the term “insurance adjusting firm” refers to an entity that is established in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and with the approval of the CIRC and engages in the assessment, survey, authentication, loss estimation and adjustment of the insured subject matters upon the entrustment of the parties concerned. An insurance adjusting firm may take any of the following forms: (i) a limited liability company; (ii) a joint stock limited company; or (iii) a partnership. An insurance adjusting firm must have a registered capital or capital contribution of at least RMB2 million. The registered capital must be paid up in cash.
Upon approval of the CIRC, an insurance adjusting firm may engage in the following businesses:
   
inspecting, appraising the value of and assessing the risks of the subject matter before it is insured;
   
surveying, inspecting, estimating the loss of and adjusting the insured subject matter after loss has been incurred;
   
risk management consulting; and
   
other business activities approved by the CIRC.
The name of an insurance adjusting firm must contain the words “insurance adjusting.” The license of an insurance adjusting firm is valid for a period of three years. An insurance adjusting firm must report to the CIRC for approval when it (i) changes its registered capital or capital contributions; (ii) changes its organizational form; (iii) changes its shareholders or partners; (iv) changes its equity structure or proportions of capital contributions; (v) changes its registered name or address; (vi) changes its articles of association or partnership agreement; or (vii) closes its branches. Personnel of an insurance adjusting firm or its branches engaged in any of the insurance adjusting businesses described above must pass a qualification examination for insurance adjusting practitioners administered by the CIRC and obtain a qualification certificate for insurance adjusting practitioners. The senior managers of an insurance adjusting firm must meet specific qualification requirements set forth in the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Adjusting Firms. Appointment of the senior managers of an insurance adjusting firm or its branches is subject to review and approval by the CIRC.
Regulation of Ancillary-Business Insurance Agencies
The principal regulation governing ancillary-business insurance agencies is the Interim Measures on the Administration of Ancillary-Business Insurance Agency issued by the CIRC on and effective as of August 4, 2000. The term “ancillary-business insurance agencies” refer to entities that are engaged by insurers to handle insurance business on behalf of insurers while concurrently engaging in another non-insurance-related business. Ancillary-business insurance agencies must meet the qualifications requirements set forth in this regulation. Upon reviewing and approving the qualifications of an entity applying to become an ancillary-business insurance agency, the CIRC will issue a “License for Ancillary-Business Insurance Agency,” which will be valid for three years. An ancillary-business insurance agency may only undertake insurance business on behalf of one insurance company, and the scope of the undertaken business is limited to the scope specified in the License for Ancillary- Business Insurance Agency.
Regulation of Insurance Salespersons
The principal regulation governing individual insurance salespersons is the Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Salespersons issued by the CIRC on April 6, 2006 and effective on July 1, 2006. Under this regulation, the term “insurance salesperson” refers to an individual who has acquired a qualification certificate issued by the CIRC, sells insurance products and provides related services for an insurance company and collects fees or commissions. In order to engage in insurance sales activities as an insurance salesperson, a person first must pass the qualification examination for the insurance agency practitioners organized by the CIRC and obtain a “Qualification Certificate of Insurance Agency Practitioners,” which is valid for three years and renewable upon fulfillment of certain requirements. In addition to the qualification certificate, a person also must obtain a “Practice Certificate of Insurance Salespersons” issued by the insurance company to which he or she belongs in order to conduct insurance sales activities. Those who have obtained a “Practicing Certificate of Insurance Agency Practitioner,” “Practicing Certificate of Insurance Brokerage Practitioner” or “Practicing Certificate of Insurance Adjustment Practitioners” are not allowed to obtain a Practice Certificate for Insurance Salespersons. No insurance salesperson may concurrently sign agent agreements with, or act on behalf of, two or more insurance companies.

 

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Content Related to Insurance Industry in the Legal Documents of China’s Accession to the WTO
According to the Circular of the CIRC on Distributing the Content Related to Insurance Industry in the Legal Documents of China’s Accession to the WTO, for the life insurance sector, within three years of China’s accession to the WTO on December 11, 2001, geographical restrictions were to be lifted, equity joint venture companies allowed to provide health insurance, group insurance, and pension/annuity services to Chinese citizens and foreign citizens, and for there to be no other restrictions except those on the proportion of foreign investment (no more than 50%) and establishment conditions. For the non-life insurance sector, within three years of China’s accession, the geographical restrictions were to be lifted and no restrictions allowed other than establishment conditions. For the insurance brokerage sector, within five years of China’s accession, the establishment of wholly foreign-funded subsidiary companies was to be allowed, and no restriction other than establishment conditions and restrictions on business scope.
Regulations on Foreign Exchange
Foreign Currency Exchange
Foreign exchange regulation in China is primarily governed by the following rules:
   
Foreign Currency Administration Rules (1996), as amended, or the Exchange Rules; and
   
Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996), or the Administration Rules.
Under the Exchange Rules, the RMB is convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions. Conversion of RMB for capital account items, such as direct investment, loan, security investment and repatriation of investment, however, is still subject to the approval of the SAFE.
Under the Administration Rules, foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after providing valid commercial documents and, in the case of capital account item transactions, obtaining approval from the SAFE. Capital investments by foreign-invested enterprises outside of China are also subject to limitations, which include approvals by the Ministry of Commerce, the SAFE and the State Development and Reform Commission.
Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents
Pursuant to the SAFE’s Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents to Engage in Financing and Inbound Investment via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, generally known in China as SAFE Circular No. 75, issued on October 21, 2005, (i) a PRC citizen residing in the PRC, who is referred to as a PRC resident in SAFE Circular 75, shall register with the local branch of the SAFE before it establishes or controls an overseas SPV for the purpose of overseas equity financing (including convertible debts financing); (ii) when a PRC resident contributes the assets of or its equity interests in a domestic enterprise into an SPV, or engages in overseas financing after contributing assets or equity interests into an SPV, such PRC resident shall register his or her interest in the SPV and the change thereof with the local branch of the SAFE; and (iii) when the SPV undergoes a material event outside of China, such as change in share capital or merger and acquisition, the PRC resident shall, within 30 days from the occurrence of such event, register such change with the local branch of the SAFE.
Under SAFE Circular No. 75, failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth above may result in the penalties, including imposition of restrictions on a PRC subsidiary’s foreign exchange activities and its ability to distribute dividends to the SPV. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.”

 

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On December 25, 2006, the People’s Bank of China promulgated the “Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange,” and on January 5, 2007, the SAFE further promulgated the implementation rules on those measures. Both became effective on February 1, 2007. According to the implementation rules, PRC citizens who are granted shares or share options by a company listed on an overseas stock market according to its employee share option or share incentive plan are required, through the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company or any other qualified PRC agent, to register with the SAFE and to complete certain other procedures related to the share option or other share incentive plan. Foreign exchange income received from the sale of shares or dividends distributed by the overseas listed company may be remitted into a foreign currency account of such PRC citizen or be exchanged into Renminbi. Our PRC citizen employees who have been granted share options are subject to the Individual Foreign Exchange Rules. If we or our PRC citizen employees fail to comply with these regulations, we or our PRC option holders may be subject to fines and legal sanctions.
On May 29, 2007, the SAFE promulgated the revised operational procedures for the SAFE Circular 75, pursuant to which the offshore investment registration may be handled aggregately by means of trust at competent SAFE bureau for the employee stock ownership plan of an offshore special purpose company. The registration formalities shall be handled for the stock option plan of an offshore special purpose company when handling the registration of the special purpose company and the change formalities of registration shall be handled upon the exercise of such option.
Regulations on Dividend Distribution
The principal regulations governing dividend distributions of wholly foreign-owned companies include:
   
Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and
   
Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law Implementing Rules (1990), as amended.
Under these regulations, wholly foreign-owned companies in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards. In addition, these wholly foreign-owned companies are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds, until the accumulative amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
Regulation on Overseas Listing
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the PRC Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the M&A Rule which became effective on September 8, 2006. The M&A Rule purports, among other things, to require offshore SPVs, formed for overseas listing purposes and controlled by PRC companies or individuals, to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by SPVs seeking CSRC approval of their overseas listings.
At the time of our initial public offering in October 2007, while the application of the M&A Rule remained unclear, our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, had advised us that, based on their understanding of the then PRC laws and regulations as well as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006:
   
the CSRC had jurisdiction over our initial public offering;
   
the CSRC had not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like our initial public offering are subject to the M&A Rule; and
   
despite the above, given that we had completed our inbound investment before September 8, 2006, the effective date of the M&A Rule, an application was not required under the M&A Rule to be submitted to the CSRC for its approval of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market, unless we are clearly required to do so by subsequent rules of the CSRC.

 

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See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, may have been required in connection with our initial public offering in October 2007 under a PRC regulation adopted in August 2006. Based on advice of our PRC counsel, we did not seek CSRC’s approval for our initial public offering. Any requirement to obtain prior CSRC approval and a failure to obtain this approval, if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, reputation and trading price of our ADSs.”
Regulations on Tax
PRC Enterprise Income Tax
The PRC EIT is calculated base on the taxable income determined under the PRC accounting standards and regulations, as well as the EIT law. On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China enacted the EIT Law, a new EIT law which became effective on January 1, 2008. On December 6, 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementation Rules which also became effective on January 1, 2008. On December 26, 2007, the State Council issued the Notice on Implementation of Enterprise Income Tax Transition Preferential Policy under the EIT Law, or the Transition Preferential Policy Circular, which became effective simultaneously with the EIT Law. The EIT Law imposes a uniform EIT rate of 25% on all domestic enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises unless they qualify under certain exceptions. Under the EIT Law, as further clarified by the Implementation Rules, the Transition Preferential Policy Circular and other related regulations, enterprises that were established and already enjoyed preferential tax treatments before March 16, 2007 will continue to enjoy them in the following manners: (i) in the case of preferential tax rates, for a five-year period starting from January 1, 2008, during which the tax rate will gradually increase to 25%; or (ii) in the case of preferential tax exemption or reduction for a specified term, until the expiration of such term. However, if such an enterprise has not enjoyed the preferential treatments yet because of its failure to make a profit, its term for preferential treatment will be deemed to start from 2008. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law may increase the enterprise income tax rate applicable to some of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our result of operations.”
Under the EIT Law, enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore subject to PRC EIT at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income. The Implementation Rules define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises full and substantial control and management over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. Because substantially all of our operations and all of our senior management are located within China, we may be considered a PRC resident enterprise for EIT purposes, in which case: (i) we would be subject to the PRC EIT at the rate of 25% on our worldwide income; and (ii) dividends income received by us from our PRC subsidiaries, however, would be exempt from the PRC withholding tax since such income is exempted under the EIT Law for a PRC resident enterprise recipient. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Our global income or the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiaries may be subject to PRC tax under the EIT Law, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.”
PRC Business Tax
Taxpayers providing taxable services in China are required to pay a business tax at a normal tax rate of 5% of their revenues, unless otherwise provided.
Dividend Withholding Tax
Under the PRC tax laws effective prior to January 1, 2008, dividends paid to foreign investors by foreign-invested enterprises are exempt from PRC withholding tax. Pursuant to the EIT Law and the Implementation Rules, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and distributed to us by our PRC subsidiaries are subject to a 10% withholding tax, provided that we are determined by the relevant PRC tax authorities to be a “non-resident enterprise” under the EIT Law. However, as described above, we may be considered a PRC resident enterprise for EIT purposes, in which case dividends received by us from our PRC subsidiary would be exempt from the PRC withholding tax because such income is exempted under the EIT Law for a PRC resident enterprise recipient.

 

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As there remains uncertainty regarding the interpretation and implementation of the EIT Law and the Implementation Rules, it is uncertain whether any dividends to be distributed by us, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders would be subject to any PRC withholding tax. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Under the EIT Law, dividends payable by us and gains on the disposition of our shares or ADSs could be subject to PRC taxation.”
B.     Organizational Structure
PRC laws and regulations place certain restrictions on foreign investment in and ownership of insurance intermediary companies. Accordingly, we conduct our operations in China principally through contractual arrangements among our PRC subsidiaries, three PRC affiliated entities, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their shareholders, and the subsidiaries of the three PRC affiliated entities.
Prior to March 2009, three individual shareholders, Mr. Jianguo Cui, Mr. Zhenyu Wang and Mr. Qiuping Lai held 24.67%, 26.40% and 48.93%, respectively, of the equity interests in each of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment. Mr. Cui and Mr. Wang were designated by our shareholders Cathay Auto Services Limited, or Cathay Auto, and CDH Inservice Limited, or CDH Inservice, respectively. Mr. Lai is our president and co-founder. In March 2009, Mr. Cui and Mr. Wang transferred all of their equity interests in Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment to Mr. Peng Ge, our chief financial officer. After the completion of these transfers, Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge held 48.93% and 51.07%, respectively, of the equity interests in each of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment. Both individual shareholders are PRC citizens. After the completion of the transfers, we entered into a new set of contractual arrangements with Mr. Ge to replace the previous agreements entered into with Mr. Cui and Mr. Wang. In October 2010, Nanfeng Investment invested RMB5.0 million in Yihe Investment. In February 2011, Nanfeng Investment invested RMB1.5 million in Meidiya Investment. After the completion of the investment, Mr. Lai, Mr. Ge and Nanfeng Investment held 39.14%, 40.86% and 20.00%, respectively, of the equity interests in each of Yihe Investment and Meidiya Investment.
On November 1, 2010, Meidiya Investment transferred all of its equity interests in five of its subsidiaries, Changsha Lianyi Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Ningbo Baolian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Fanhua Zhixin Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., Henan Fanhua Anlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., and Tianjing Fanhua Xianghe Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., to Xinbao Investment, and Fujian Fanhua Investment Co., Ltd. transferred all its equity interest in Fujian Fanhua Guoxing Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., to Xinbao Investment.
Two individual shareholders, Mr. Chunling Wang, our chief operating officer and head of our property and casualty insurance unit and Mr. Yuan Tian, vice president of our e-commerce insurance unit, held 95% and 5% respectively, of the equity interests in Xinbao Investment.
Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment together hold equity interests, directly or indirectly, ranging from 51% to 100% in 39 insurance agencies, three insurance brokerages, three insurance claims adjusting firms and one online insurance service company as of April 8, 2011. Most of the noncontrolling shareholders of the insurance intermediary companies majority-owned by Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment are founders of such company, entrepreneurial agents with whom we jointly set up such company or a venture capital firm which invests in start-up insurance agency companies. Most of those noncontrolling shareholders are in charge of the day-to-day operations of the companies in which they hold noncontrolling interests. The subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment hold the licenses and permits necessary to conduct our insurance intermediary business in China. We rely principally on contractual arrangements to control and derive economic benefit from these companies.
Our contractual arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment, their shareholders and their subsidiaries enable us to:
   
exercise effective control over Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries;
   
receive a substantial portion of the economic benefits of the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment in consideration for the services provided by our subsidiaries in China; and
   
have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in each of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.

 

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The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of April 8, 2011:
(FLOW CHART)
     
(1)  
Direct or indirect ownership attributable to Yihe Investment and Meidiya Investment.
 
(2)  
Direct or indirect ownership attributable to Xinbao Investment.
 
(3)  
The remaininig equity interest are held by one of our executive officers on behalf of our company.

 

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For a complete listing of our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities as of April 8, 2011, see Exhibit 8.1 to this annual report. The following is a summary of the key terms of our contractual arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment, their shareholders and their subsidiaries.
Agreements that Provide Us Effective Control over Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and Their Subsidiaries
Loan Agreements. Each of the original individual shareholders of Meidiya Investment, being Messrs. Lai, Wang and Cui, entered into a loan agreement on December 20, 2005 with our subsidiary Xinlian Information evidencing a zero interest loan granted to them. In connection with the transfer of their respective equity interests in Meidiya Investment to Mr. Ge, Mr. Cui and Mr. Wang each entered into a credit and liability transfer agreement with Mr. Ge on February 27, 2009 to transfer all of their rights and obligations under the loan agreements to Mr. Ge. After the execution of the credit and liability transfer agreements, the principal amounts of the loans to Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge were RMB2.9 million and RMB3.1 million, respectively, equal to their respective capital contributions to Meidiya Investment.
The term of the loan agreement is 10 years and may be extended upon written agreement of the parties, but it is not extended automatically. In the event that the loan is not renewed, then upon the expiration of its term and subject to then applicable PRC laws, the loan can be repaid only with the proceeds from the transfer of the individual shareholder’s equity interests in Meidiya Investment to Xinlian Information or another person designated by Xinlian Information. Xinlian Information may accelerate the loan repayment upon certain events, including if the individual shareholder quits or is dismissed or if Xinlian Information exercises its option to purchase the shareholder’s equity interests in Meidiya Investment pursuant to the exclusive equity purchase option agreement described below.
The loan agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the actions the individual shareholder can take or cause Meidiya Investment to take, or that require the individual shareholder to take or cause Meidiya Investment to take specific actions. For example, these covenants provide that the individual shareholder will:
   
not transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber his equity interests in Meidiya Investment without the prior written consent of Xinlian Information, except for equity pledge for the benefit of Xinlian Information.
   
not take any action without the prior written consent of Xinlian Information, if the action will have a material impact on the assets, business and liabilities of Meidiya Investment.
   
not vote for, or execute any resolutions to approve, the sale, transfer, mortgage, or disposal of, or the creation of any encumbrance on, any legal or beneficial interests in the equity of Meidiya Investment without the prior written consent of Xinlian Information, except to Xinlian Information or its designee.
   
not vote for, or execute any resolutions to approve, any merger or consolidation with any person, or any acquisition of or investment in any person by Meidiya Investment without the prior written consent of Xinlian Information.
   
vote to elect the directors candidates nominated by Xinlian Information.
   
cause Meidiya Investment not to supplement, amend or modify its articles of association in any manner, increase or decrease registered capital or change the capital structure in any way without the prior written consent of Xinlian Information.
   
cause Meidiya Investment not to execute any contract with a value exceeding RMB100,000 without the prior written consent of Xinlian Information, except in the ordinary course of business.
Each of the original shareholders of Yihe Investment, being Messrs. Lai, Wang and Cui, entered into a loan agreement on December 20, 2005 with Xinlian Information that is substantially similar to the loan agreements described above. In connection with the transfer of their respective equity interests in Yihe Investment to Mr. Ge, Mr. Cui and Mr. Wang each entered into a credit and liability transfer agreement with Mr. Ge on February 27, 2009 to transfer all of their rights and obligations under the loan agreements to Mr. Ge. After the execution of the credit and liability transfer agreements, the principal amounts of the loans to Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge were RMB9.8 million and RMB10.2 million, respectively, equal to their respective capital contributions to Yihe Investment.

 

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Each of the individual shareholders of Xinbao Investment, being Messrs. Wang and Tian, entered into a loan agreement on December 3, 2010 with our subsidiary Ying Si Kang Information in which we indirectly held 65.1% equity interest. The principal amounts of the zero-interest loans to Mr. Wang and Mr. Tian were RMB28,500 and RMB1,500, respectively, equal to their respective capital contributions to Xinbao Investment. The terms of the loan agreement are substantially similar to those in the loan agreements described above.
Equity Pledge Agreements. Pursuant to separate equity pledge agreements entered into by Mr. Lai on December 20, 2005 and by Mr. Ge on March 31, 2009, respectively, with Xinlian Information and Meidiya Investment, each individual shareholder of Meidiya Investment agreed to pledge his equity interests in Meidiya Investment to Xinlian Information to secure his obligations under the loan agreement with Xinlian Information. The individual shareholder also agreed not to transfer or create any encumbrance adverse to Xinlian Information on his equity interests in Meidiya Investment. During the term of the equity pledge agreement, Xinlian Information is entitled to all the dividends declared on the pledged equity interests. The equity pledge agreement will expire when the individual shareholder fully performed his obligations under the loan agreement. The equity pledges were recorded on the shareholders register of Meidiya Investment, and registered with the relevant local administration of industry and commerce. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—We rely principally on contractual arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries and shareholders for our China operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.”
Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge entered into separate equity pledge agreements on December 20, 2005 and March 31, 2009, respectively, with Xinlian Information and Yihe Investment to pledge their equity interests in Yihe Investment to Xinlian Information. These agreements are substantially similar to the equity pledge agreements described above.
Mr. Wang and Mr. Tian entered into separate equity pledge agreements on December 3, 2010 with Ying Si Kang Information and Xinbao Investment to pledge their equity interests in Xinbao Investment to Ying Si Kang Information. The agreements are substantially similar to the equity pledge agreements described above.
Irrevocable Power of Attorney. Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge, the current individual shareholders of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment, executed irrevocable powers of attorney on December 20, 2005 and March 31, 2009, respectively, appointing a person designated by Xinlian Information as his attorney-in-fact to vote on his behalf on all matters requiring shareholder approval. If Xinlian Information designates the shareholder to attend a shareholder’s meeting of Meidiya Investment or Yihe Investment, the individual shareholder agrees to vote his shares as instructed by Xinlian Information. The term of the power of attorney is ten years.
Mr. Wang and Mr. Tian, shareholders of Xinbao Investment, executed irrevocable powers of attorney on December 3, 2010, appointing a person designated by Ying Si Kang Information as his attorney-in-fact to vote on his behalf on all matters requiring shareholder approval. If Ying Si Kang Information designates the shareholder to attend a shareholder’s meeting of Xinbao Investment, the individual shareholder agrees to vote his shares as instructed by Ying Si Kang Information. The term of the power of attorney is ten years.
Agreements that Provide Us the Option to Purchase the Equity Interests in Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment
Exclusive Purchase Option Agreements. Pursuant to the exclusive purchase option agreements entered into by Mr. Lai on December 20, 2005 and by Mr. Ge on March 31, 2009, respectively, with Xinlian Information and Meidiya Investment, each individual shareholder irrevocably granted Xinlian Information an exclusive option to purchase part or all of his equity interests in Meidiya Investment, when and to the extent permitted by applicable PRC law. The purchase price to be paid by Xinlian Information will be equal to the amount of the individual shareholder’s actual capital contribution to Meidiya Investment, unless applicable PRC law requires otherwise. The actual capital contributions to Meidiya Investment by Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge were RMB2.9 million and RMB3.1 million, respectively. If applicable PRC law requires appraisals of the equity interests or has other restrictions on the transfer price, the purchase price will be the minimum price permitted under applicable PRC law. Under current applicable PRC law, if a foreign-invested enterprise, such as Xinlian Information, intends to acquire the equity interests in a domestic enterprise, such as Meidiya Investment or Yihe Investment, the transfer price must be determined based on appraisal conducted by a qualified domestic asset appraisal institution using internationally recognized appraisal methodology, and it is prohibited to transfer any equities at a price clearly lower than the result of the appraisal.

 

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Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge entered into separate exclusive purchase option agreements on December 20, 2005 and March 31, 2009, respectively, with Xinlian Information and Yihe Investment to irrevocably grant Xinlian Information an exclusive option to purchase part or all of his equity interests in Yihe Investment, when and to the extent permitted by applicable PRC law. These agreements are substantially similar to the exclusive purchase option agreements described above, except that the actual capital contributions to Yihe Investment by Mr. Lai and Mr. Ge under these agreements were RMB9.8 million and RMB10.2 million, respectively.
Mr. Wang and Mr. Tian entered into separate exclusive purchase option agreements on December 3, 2010 with Ying Si Kang Information and Xinbao Investment to irrevocably grant Ying Si Kang Information an exclusive option to purchase part or all of his equity interests in Xinbao Investment, when and to the extent permitted by applicable PRC law. These agreements are substantially similar to the exclusive purchase option agreements described above, except that the actual capital contributions to Xinbao Investment by Mr. Wang and Mr. Tian under these agreements were RMB28,500 and RMB1,500, respectively.
Agreements that Transfer Economic Benefits to Us
Consulting and Service Agreement. Pursuant to the consulting and service agreements entered into on various dates between our PRC subsidiary Zhonglian Enterprise and most of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment, Zhonglian Enterprise agreed to grant the right to use the “Fanhua” brand and provide financial and tax consulting services and training services to each of the insurance intermediaries in exchange for fees payable quarterly calculated as a percentage of revenues of each insurance intermediary. The fees may be adjusted by agreement every quarter based on market condition and the business condition of each insurance intermediary company. Each of these agreements has an initial term of one year from the signing date and will be automatically renewed for one-year terms, unless Zhonglian Enterprise decides not to renew the agreement. Each agreement may be terminated by the insurance intermediary company only upon gross negligence, fraud, other illegal conduct or bankruptcy of Zhonglian Enterprise, or by Zhonglian Enterprise with 30 days notice.
Pursuant to the consulting and service agreements, replacing the technology consulting and service agreements entered into on various dates since April 1, 2010, between our PRC subsidiary Xinlian Information and most of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment, Xinlian Information agreed to provide training services and consulting and other services relating to IT platform and internal control compliance. In exchange, the insurance intermediary companies that are parties to these agreements each agree to pay a quarterly fee calculated primarily based on a percentage of the revenue generated by such company. The parties to each agreement also commit to negotiating adjustments to the fee level every three months by mutual agreement. Each of these agreements has an initial term of one year from the signing date, which will be automatically renewed for one-year terms unless Xinlian Information decides not to renew the agreement. Each agreement may be terminated by the insurance intermediary company only upon gross negligence, fraud, other illegal conduct or bankruptcy of Xinlian Information, or by Xinlian Information with 30 days notice.
IT Platform Service Agreement. Pursuant to the IT platform service agreements entered into on various dates since April 1, 2010, between Litian Zhuoyue Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd, or Litian Zhuoyue, a subsidiary of Xinlian Information, and most of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment, Litian Zhuoyue agreed to provide space for system operation and data storage, data maintenance, system security and efficiency maintenance, on-site support, software optimization and maintenance and other IT platform related services. In exchange, the insurance intermediary companies that are parties to these agreements each agree to pay a quarterly fee calculated primarily based on a percentage of the revenue generated by such company. The parties to each agreement also commit to negotiating adjustments to the fee level every three months by mutual agreement. Each of these agreements has an initial term of one year from the signing date, which will be automatically renewed for one-year terms unless Litian Zhuoyue decides not to renew the agreement. Each agreement may be terminated by the insurance intermediary company only upon gross negligence, fraud, other illegal conduct or bankruptcy of Litian Zhuoyue, or by Litian Zhuoyue with 30 days notice.

 

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Trademark Licensing Agreements. Pursuant to the trademark licensing agreements entered into on various dates between our subsidiary Beijing Ruisike Management Consulting Co., Ltd., or Ruisike Consulting, and some of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment, Ruisike Consulting agreed to grant a nonexclusive right to use the trademark owned by it to the insurance intermediary companies, in exchange for a fixed annual fee of RMB10,000 under each agreement. Each of these agreements has an initial term of ten years from the signing date, which will be automatically renewed for one-year terms unless Ruisike Consulting decides not to renew the agreement. Each agreement may be terminated by a party if there has been a material breach by the other party and the breach is not cured within 30 days after the breaching party receives a written notice from the non-breaching party. In addition, Ruisike Consulting may terminate each agreement at any time during the term of the agreement upon 30-day notice. We subsequently decided to stop charging a fee for the use of our trademarks by our affiliated insurance intermediary companies under these trademark licensing agreements beginning from January 2008.
In 2010, our affiliated insurance intermediary companies paid a total of RMB436.8 million (US$66.2 million) under the IT platform services agreements and consulting and service agreements to our subsidiaries, representing approximately 53.9% of the net revenues of these affiliated entities. Because of our contractual arrangements with the individual shareholders of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries, we are the primary beneficiary of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment and have consolidated them into our consolidated financial statements. Revenues generated by the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment accounted for 92.9% of our total net revenues in 2010. The remainder of our total net revenues in 2010 came from one of our subsidiaries, which runs our operating platform, maintains our customer database and provides information about potential customers to insurance companies. The insurance companies paid fees to this subsidiary if the potential customers introduced by this subsidiary actually purchased insurance. In the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel:
   
the ownership structures of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment, their subsidiaries and our subsidiaries in China comply with all existing PRC laws and regulations;
   
the contractual arrangements among our PRC subsidiaries, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment, their individual shareholders and their subsidiaries governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and
   
the business operations of our PRC subsidiaries, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries comply in all material respects with existing PRC laws and regulations.
We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, however, that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may in the future take a view that is contrary to the above opinion of our PRC legal counsel. We have been further advised by our PRC counsel that if the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our PRC insurance intermediary businesses do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in the insurance intermediary industry, we could be subject to severe penalties including being prohibited from continuing operation. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with applicable PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.” However, to date we have not encountered any interference or encumbrance from the PRC government on account of operating our business through these agreements.
C.     Property, Plant and Equipment
Our headquarters are located in Guangzhou, China, where we lease approximately 2,383 square meters of office space. Our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities lease approximately 109,605 square meters of office space. In 2010, our total rental expenses were RMB30.3 million (US$4.6 million).
Item 4A.    Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

 

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Item 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this annual report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors” or in other parts of this annual report.
A.     Operating Results
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our financial condition and results of operations are primarily affected by the following factors:
   
the overall premium growth of the Chinese insurance industry;
   
the extent to which insurance companies in the PRC outsource the distribution of their products and claims adjusting functions;
   
premium rate levels and commission and fee rates;
   
the size and productivity of our sale force;
   
acquisitions;
   
commission rates for individual sales agents;
   
product and service mix;
   
share-based compensation expenses;
   
seasonality; and
   
fee-based revenue scheme.
The Overall Growth in Premiums of the Chinese Insurance Industry
The Chinese insurance industry has grown substantially in recent years. Between 2001 and 2010, total insurance premiums increased from RMB212 billion to RMB1,453 billion, representing a compound annual growth rate of 23.8%, according to data published by CIRC. We believe that certain macroeconomic and demographic factors, such as per capita GDP growth and aging of the population, have contributed to and will continue to drive the growth of the Chinese insurance industry.
We derive our revenue primarily from commissions and fees paid by insurance companies, typically calculated as a percentage of premiums paid by our customers to the insurance companies. Accordingly, continued industry-wide premium growth will have a positive impact on us. However, there is no assurance that the growth trend will continue. Any downturn in the Chinese insurance industry, whether caused by a general slowdown of the PRC economy or otherwise, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The Extent to Which Insurance Companies in the PRC Outsource the Distribution of Their Products and the Claims Adjusting Functions
Historically, insurance companies in the PRC have relied primarily on their exclusive individual sales agents and direct sales force to sell their products. Only in recent years, as a result of increased competition, have some insurance companies gradually expanded their distribution channels to include insurance intermediaries such as commercial banks, postal offices, insurance agencies and insurance brokerages. In addition, because of a lack of established distribution network of their own, some newly established insurance companies have chosen to rely primarily on insurance intermediaries to distribute their products while they focus on other aspects of their business.

 

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As insurance companies in the PRC become more accustomed to outsourcing the distribution of their products to insurance intermediaries, they may allow insurance intermediaries to distribute a wider variety of insurance products and may provide more monetary incentives to more productive and effective insurance intermediaries. These and other similar measures designed to boost sales through insurance intermediaries can have a positive impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, as competition intensifies and the insurance market becomes more mature in China, we expect that more insurance companies will choose to outsource claims adjusting functions to professional service providers such as our affiliated claims adjusting firms while they focus on the core aspects of their business, including product development, asset and risk management.
Premium Rate Levels and Commission and Fee Rates
Because the commissions and fees we receive from insurance companies for the distribution of insurance products are generally calculated as a percentage of premiums paid by our customers to the insurance companies, our revenue and results of operations are affected by premium rate levels and commission and fee rates. Premium rate levels and commission and fee rates can change based on the prevailing economic conditions, competitive and regulatory landscape, and other factors that affect insurance companies. These other factors include the ability of insurance companies to place new business, underwriting and non-underwriting profits of insurance companies, consumer demand for insurance products, the availability of comparable products from other insurance companies at a lower cost, and the tax deductibility of commissions and fees. In addition, premium rates for certain insurance products, such as the mandatory automobile liability insurance that each automobile owner in the PRC is legally required to purchase, are tightly regulated by the CIRC. In some instance, we can negotiate for better rates as an incentive for generating larger volume of business.
Since China’s entry into the WTO in December 2001, competition among insurance companies has intensified as a result of a significant increase in the number of insurance companies and the existing insurance companies’ expansion into new geographic markets. This competition has led to a gradual increase in the commission and fee rates offered to insurance intermediaries, and such increase has had a positive impact on our results of operations. Meanwhile, the intense competition among insurance companies also has led to a gradual decline in premium rate levels of some property and casualty insurance products. While such decline has had a negative impact on the commissions and fees we earned on a per policy sold basis, it also may have had a positive impact on our total commissions and fees revenue by increasing demand for, and our total sales volume of, those policies.
The Size and Productivity of Our Sale Force
As a distributor of insurance products, we generate revenue primarily through our sales force, which consists of individual sales agents in our distribution and service network and a relatively small number of in-house sales representatives. The size of our sales force and its productivity, as measured by the average number of insurance products sold per person, the average premium per product sold and the average premiums generated per person during any specified period, directly affect our revenue and results of operations. In recent years, some entrepreneurial management staff or senior sales agents of major insurance companies in China have chosen to leave their employers or principals and become independent agents. We refer to these independent agents as “entrepreneurial agents.” An entrepreneurial agent is usually able to assemble and lead a team of sales agents. We have been actively recruiting and will continue to recruit entrepreneurial agents to join our distribution and service network as our sales agents. Entrepreneurial agents have been instrumental to the development of our life insurance business.
Acquisitions
The professional insurance intermediary sector in China is still at an early development stage and highly fragmented. We believe this offers substantial opportunities for consolidation. We intend to grow our distribution and service network in part through selective acquisitions of high-quality independent insurance intermediary companies. Since 2008, we, through our consolidated affiliated entities in the PRC, acquired controlling interests in 17 insurance agencies which included Datong and its subsidiaries, one brokerage, four insurance claims adjusting firms and one online insurance service company as of April 8, 2011. We expect acquisitions to have a positive impact on our results of operations in the long run. However, acquisitions also involve significant risks and uncertainties. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—D. Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry— If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, or if the acquired companies do not perform to our expectations, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.” In addition, any write-down of goodwill due to impairment and the amortization of intangible assets acquired could have a negative impact on our results of operations. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—If we are required to write down goodwill and other intangible assets, our financial condition and results may be materially and adversely affected.”

 

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Commission Rates for Individual Sales Agents
A large component of our operating costs and expenses is commissions paid to our individual sales agents. In order to retain sales agents, we must pay commissions at a level comparable to the commissions paid by our competitors. Competition for productive sales agents has been intense within the Chinese insurance industry and has led to a gradual increase in commission rates in recent years. The increase in commission rates has had a negative impact on our results of operations. If we are forced to further increase our commission rates for individual sales agents due to competition or otherwise, our operating costs and expenses will increase correspondingly.
Product and Service Mix
We began distributing automobile insurance products in 1999 and expanded our product offerings to other property and casualty insurance products in 2002 and then to individual life insurance products in 2006. We further broadened our service offering to cover insurance claims adjusting services in 2008. The property and casualty insurance policies we distribute are typically for one-year terms, with a single premium payable at the beginning of the term. Accordingly, we receive a single commission or fee for each property and casualty policy our customers purchase. In order for us to have recurring commission and fee revenue from property and casualty insurance products, our customers have to renew their policies or purchase new policies through us every year. Most individual life insurance policies we sell require periodic payment of premiums, typically annually, during a pre-determined payment period, generally ranging from five to 25 years. For such policies we sell, insurance companies will pay us a first-year commission and fee based on a percentage of the first year’s gross premiums, and subsequent commissions and fees based on smaller percentages of the renewal premiums paid by the insured throughout the payment period of the policy. Therefore, once we sell a life insurance policy with a periodic payment schedule, it can bring us a steady flow of commission and fee revenue throughout the payment period as long as the insured meets his or her premium payment commitment.
Because insurance companies pay us first-year commission and fee for most life insurance products at rates higher than those for property and casualty insurance products, we expect positive impact on our revenue if our distribution of life insurance products increases in the future. However, we will also incur a corresponding increase in operating costs because we pay our sales agents a higher commission and fee for distributing life insurance products. Accordingly, the operating margin attributable to life insurance products may not be as high as that of property and casualty insurance products, and may initially have a negative impact on our overall operating margin. We expect that the operating margin for life insurance products will improve because we only need to pay commissions to our sales agents for the first five years of a policy, but continue to earn renewal fees from the insurance company for the entire payment period of the policy, which could be up to 25 years.
The fees we receive for our claims adjusting services are calculated based on the types of insurance involved. For services provided in connection with property and casualty insurance (other than marine cargo insurance and automobile insurance), our fees are calculated as a percentage of the recovered amount from insurance companies plus travel expenses. For services provided in connection with marine cargo insurance, our fees are charged primarily on an hourly basis and, in some cases, as a percentage of the amount recovered from insurance companies. For automobile insurance, our fees are generally fixed and the amounts collected are based on the types of services provided. We pay our in-house claims adjustors a base salary plus a commission calculated based on a small percentage of the service fees we receive from insurance companies or the insured. The insurance claims adjusting business has become and likely will continue to be an important source of our net revenues. However, because the gross margin and operating margin attributable to the claims adjusting business are generally lower than those for property and casualty insurance products but higher than those for new life insurance policies, we expect that the increase in revenues from our insurance claims adjusting business as a percentage of our total net revenues may have a negative impact on our gross margin and operating margin.
Share-based Compensation Expenses
Our historical results of operations have been materially affected by the share-based compensation expenses incurred. In 2008, 2009 and 2010, we incurred share-based compensation expenses of RMB45.7 million, RMB7.6 million, and RMB22.2 million (US$3.4 million), respectively. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Performance Indicators—Operating Costs and Expenses—Share-based Compensation Expenses” for a more detailed discussion of our historical share-based compensation expenses. In order to attract and retain the best personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of our business, we adopted a share incentive plan in October 2007. Under our 2007 share incentive plan, as amended and restated in December 2008, we may issue an aggregate number of our ordinary shares, equal to 15% of our total number of shares outstanding immediately after the closing of our initial public offering, to cover awards granted under the plan. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation—Share Incentives—2007 Share Incentive Plan.” We expect that share-based compensation expenses will continue to be a significant component of our operating expenses.

 

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Seasonality
Our quarterly results of operations are affected by seasonal variations caused by insurance companies’ business practices and consumer demand. Historically, insurance companies, under pressure to meet their annual sales targets, would increase their sales efforts during the fourth quarter of a year by, for example, offering more incentives for insurance intermediaries to increase sales. As a result, our commission and fee revenue for the fourth quarter of a year has generally been the highest among all four quarters. Business activities, including buying and selling insurance, usually slow down during the Chinese New Year festivities, which occur during the first quarter of each year. As a result, our commission and fee revenue for the first quarter of a year has generally been the lowest among all four quarters.
Fee-based Revenue Scheme
In response to a consultation paper for opinions on the insurance sales system reform circulated by the CIRC in June 2009, we submitted a proposal to the CIRC in June 2009 with respect to our pilot experiment. See “Item 3. Key Information—D.—Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and Our Industry—The implementation of the insurance sales system reform involves substantial uncertainties and the fee-based revenue scheme adopted by several of our affiliated property and casualty insurance agencies may be subject to challenge by the PRC tax authorities.” Since the second quarter of 2009, several of our affiliated property and casualty insurance agencies have adopted a new fee-based revenue scheme on a trial basis. Under the new scheme, our affiliated subsidiaries earn fees by providing training and IT platforms to external insurance agents and accruing and paying business taxes and surcharges accordingly. We expect that the application of this new fee-based revenue scheme by an increase in the number of our affiliated subsidiaries would result in a decline in the growth of our net revenues. However, it would also have a positive impact on our overall gross margin.
Key Performance Indicators
Net Revenues
Our revenues are net of PRC business tax. In 2008, 2009 and 2010, we generated net revenues of RMB844.0 million, RMB1.2 billion and RMB1.5 billion (US$225.0 million), respectively. We derive net revenues from the following sources:
   
commissions and fees paid by insurance companies, which accounted for 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.96% of our net revenues for 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively; and
   
other service fees, which refers to fees paid by insurance companies for certain insurance-related services provided by us to the insured on behalf of the insurance companies and accounted for 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.04% of our net revenues for 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively.
In 2008, 2009 and 2010, we generated commissions and fees of RMB843.1 million, RMB1.2 billion and RMB1.5 billion (US$224.9 million), respectively. We derive commissions and fees from distributing property and casualty insurance and life insurance products and providing claims adjusting services.
Total Net Revenues
The following table sets forth our total net revenues earned from the distributions of property and casualty insurance and life insurance products and provision of claims adjusting services, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of total net revenues, for the periods indicated:
                                                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     %     RMB     %     RMB     US$     %  
    (in thousands except percentages)  
Property and casualty insurance products
    634,385       75.1       783,220       67.8       821,259       124,433       55.3  
Life insurance products
    120,565       14.3       230,961       20.0       486,676       73,739       32.8  
Claims adjusting services
    89,012       10.6       140,670       12.2       177,094       26,832       11.9  
 
                                         
Total net revenues
    843,962       100.0       1,154,851       100.0       1,485,029       225,004       100.0  
 
                                         

 

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Net revenues from property and casualty insurance products, in particular automobile insurance products, have been our primary source of revenue since our inception. While net revenues from property and casualty insurance products increased significantly in absolute amounts from 2008 to 2010, their share as a percentage of our total net revenues decreased gradually from 75.1% in 2008 to 55.3% in 2010, primarily reflecting the significant growth of our life insurance businesses during the corresponding period. As the per capita automobile ownership in China is still low, automobile sales in China still have significant growth potential. Therefore, we expect that automobile insurance products will continue to be a significant contributor to our total net revenues in the next several years.
We began distributing individual life insurance products in 2006. Net revenues from life insurance products increased significantly from 2008 to 2010, both in absolute amounts and as a percentage of our total net revenues earned. We have devoted significant efforts on the distribution of life insurance products and expect net revenues from life insurance products to constitute an increasingly significant portion of our total net revenues in the next several years.
We began providing claims adjusting services in 2008. Net revenues from claims adjusting services increased significantly from 2008 to 2010 in absolute amounts. As we continue to grow our claims adjusting business, we expect that net revenues from claims adjusting services will increase as a percentage of our total net revenues in the next few years.
The commissions and fees we receive from the distribution of insurance products are based on a percentage of the premiums paid by the insured. Commission and fee rates generally depend on the type of insurance products, the particular insurance company and the region in which the insurance products are sold. We typically receive payment of the commissions and fees from insurance companies for insurance products on a monthly basis. Some of the fees are paid to us annually or semi-annually in the form of performance bonuses after we have achieved specified premium volume or policy renewal goals as agreed upon between the insurance companies and us.
We are compensated primarily by insurance companies for our claims adjusting services. The fees we receive for our claims adjusting services depend on the types of insurance involved. For services provided in connection with marine cargo insurance, our fees are charged primarily on an hourly basis and, in some cases, as a percentage of the amount recovered from insurance companies. For services provided in connection with other property and casualty insurance, our fees are calculated as a percentage of the recovered amount from insurance companies plus travel expenses. We typically receive payment for these fees on a semi-annual or annual basis. For claims adjusting services related to automobile insurance, our fees are generally fixed on a per claim basis. These fees are typically paid to us on a quarterly basis.
Other Service Fees
In connection with the distribution of automobile insurance products, we provide some insurance-related services, such as driver’s license renewal and annual inspection for the insured. In 2008, 2009 and 2010, we generated other service fees of RMB0.9 million, RMB0.8 million and RMB0.6 million (US$0.1 million), respectively, for providing these services, which were included in net revenues from the distribution of property and casualty insurance products. We don’t expect other service fees to constitute a significant portion of our total net revenues in the future.

 

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Operating Costs and Expenses
Our operating costs and expenses consist of commissions and fees incurred in connection with the distribution of insurance products and provision of claims adjusting services, selling expenses and general and administrative expenses. The following table sets forth the components of our operating costs and expenses, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of our net revenues, for the periods indicated.
                                                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     %     RMB     %     RMB     US$     %  
    (in thousands except percentages)  
Total net revenues
    843,962       100.0       1,154,851       100.0       1,485,029       225,004       100.0  
 
                                         
Operating costs and expenses:
                                                       
Commissions and fees
    (436,803 )     (51.8 )     (579,911 )     (50.2 )     (708,403 )     (107,333 )     (47.7 )
Selling expenses
    (17,328 )     (2.1 )     (49,498 )     (4.3 )     (73,567 )     (11,147 )     (4.9 )
General and administrative expenses
    (180,031 )     (21.3 )     (199,246 )     (17.3 )     (271,444 )     (41,128 )     (18.3 )
 
                                         
Total operating costs and expenses
    (634,162 )     (75.2 )     (828,655 )     (71.8 )     (1,053,414 )     (159,608 )     (70.9 )
 
                                         
Commissions and Fees
We incur commissions and fees in connection with the distributions of insurance products and provisions of claims adjusting services. The commissions and fees that we incurred increased in absolute amounts each year from 2008 to 2010 primarily as a result of increase in net revenues and increase in the size of our sales force and claims adjustors. We rely mainly on individual sales agents and, to a much lesser degree, on a small number of in-house sales representatives for the distributions of insurance products. For claims adjusting services, we rely entirely on our in-house claims adjustors. Commissions and fees incurred as a percentage of net revenues decreased from 2008 to 2009, primarily as a result of the implementation of a fee-based revenues scheme beginning in the second quarter of 2009. Commissions and fees incurred as a percentage of net revenues further decreased from 2009 to 2010, primarily as a result of the implementation of the fee-based revenues scheme in three more affiliated insurance agencies in 2010 as compared with five affiliated insurance agencies in 2009. We anticipate that our commissions and fees will continue to increase as we add more sales agents and claims adjustors to our work force and further grow our business.
Selling Expenses
Our selling expenses primarily consist of:
   
Salaries for employees who work in back office below the provincial management level and employment benefits for our in-house sales staff;
   
office rental, telecommunications expenses and office supply expenses incurred in connection with sales activities; and
   
advertising and marketing expenses.
We expect that our selling expenses will continue to increase as we expand our distribution and service network in both existing markets and new geographic regions. As we grow in size, we also intend to spend more on marketing and advertising to enhance our brand recognition.
General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses principally comprise:
   
salaries and benefits for our administrative staff;
   
share-based compensation expenses for managerial and administrative staff;
   
professional fees paid for valuation, market research, legal and auditing services;
   
compliance-related expenses, including expenses for professional services;
   
depreciations and amortizations;

 

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office rental expenses;
   
travel and telecommunications expenses;
   
entertainment expenses;
   
office supply expenses for our administrative staff;
   
foreign exchange loss; and
   
impairment loss.
We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase as we hire additional administrative personnel and incur additional costs in connection with the expansion of our business, our efforts to improve our operating platform and our status as a publicly traded company, including costs to enhance our internal controls.
Share-based Compensation Expenses. Share-based compensation expenses constituted a smaller portion of our general and administrative expenses in 2009, but were one of the largest components of our general and administrative expenses in 2008 and 2010. In 2008, 2009 and 2010, we incurred share-based compensation only with respect to certain managerial and administrative staff and accordingly, allocated all share-based compensation expenses to general and administrative expenses. The following table sets forth our share-based compensation expenses, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of our general and administrative expenses, for the periods indicated.
                                                         
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     %     RMB     %     RMB     US$     %  
    (in thousands except percentages)  
General and administrative expenses
    180,031       100.0       199,246       100.0       271,444       41,128       100.0  
Share-based compensation expenses
    45,659       25.4       7,553       3.8       22,211       3,365       8.2  
Our share-based compensation expenses in 2010 were primarily attributable to options granted to various directors, officers and employees to purchase 48,000,000 ordinary shares in February 2010.
Our share-based compensation expenses in 2009 were primarily attributable to options granted to various directors, officers and employees to purchase 32,000,000 and 10,000,000 ordinary shares in November 2008 and March 2009, respectively.
Our share-based compensation expenses in 2008 were primarily attributable to options granted in October 2007, February 2007 and November 2008, including a one-time recognition in the fourth quarter of 2008 of the remaining un-amortized expenses totaling RMB29.6 million in connection with the cancellation of some options granted in October 2007.
For more information about our share-based compensation expenses, please see Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
Taxation
We and each of our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities file separate income tax returns.
The Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin Islands, we and our subsidiaries incorporated in the British Virgin Islands are not subject to income or capital gains taxes. In addition, dividend payments are not subject to withholding tax in those jurisdictions. Our subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong is subject to a normal profits tax rate of 16.5% of its assessable profits for the years of assessment ending March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2010. Payment of dividends is not subject to withholding tax in Hong Kong.

 

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PRC
Pursuant to the PRC EIT laws in effect before January 1, 2008, most of our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China were subject to the standard EIT rate, which was 33%. Our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities located in Shenzhen, a special economic zone, were subject to an EIT rate of 15 %. The EIT was calculated based on taxable income under PRC accounting principles. For some entities, the EIT is calculated based on the actual revenue at a deemed tax rate according to the local practices of the respective local tax bureaus in charge. In addition, our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China are subject to a 5% business tax on gross revenues generated from providing services and two additional fees, the city construction fee and the education fee, which are generally calculated at 7% and 3%, respectively, on business tax.
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China enacted the EIT Law which became effective on January 1, 2008. On December 6, 2007, the State Counsel issued the Implementation Rules which became effective on January 1, 2008. On December 26, 2007, the State Council issued the Transition Preferential Policy Circular which also became effective on January 1, 2008. According to the EIT Law, as further clarified by the Implementation Rules, the Transition Preferential Policy Circular and other related regulations, foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises are subject to EIT at a uniform rate of 25%. The EIT rate of enterprises established before March 16, 2007 that were eligible for preferential tax treatments according to then effective tax laws and regulations will continue to enjoy such preferential tax treatments in the following manners: (1) in the case of preferential tax rates, for a five-year transition period starting from January 1, 2008, during which the EIT rate of such enterprises will gradually increase to the uniform 25% EIT rate by January 1, 2012; or (2) in the case of preferential tax exemption or reduction with a specified term, until the expiration of such term. However, if such an enterprise has not enjoyed the preferential treatments yet because of its failure to make a profit, its term for preferential treatment will be deemed to start from 2008.
As a result of the implementation of the EIT Law, certain preferential tax treatments enjoyed by some of our consolidated affiliated entities expired on January 1, 2008. Our effective tax rate increased significantly in 2008 and 2009 compared to 2007, primarily due to these expirations. According to the EIT Law and related regulations, the preferential tax rates enjoyed by some of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities incorporated in Shenzhen, a special economic zone, will gradually increase to the uniform 25% EIT rate during the five year transition period. An increase in the EIT rates for those entities pursuant to the EIT Law could result in an increase in our effective tax rate, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Pursuant to a Notice of Preferential Policies of EIT, jointly issued by the PRC Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on February 22, 2008, a newly established software enterprise was entitled to an exemption from EIT for the first two years and a 50% reduction of EIT for the following three years starting from the first profit-making year. One of our affiliated entities, Litian Zhuoyue, will be entitled to the tax holidays under this notice from 2010 until 2015.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities and the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each fiscal period, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each fiscal period. We continually evaluate these judgments and estimates based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. This forms our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.
The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing our financial statements. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

 

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Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when all of the following have occurred: persuasive evidence of an agreement with the insurance company exists; services have been provided; the fees for such services are fixed or determinable; and collectability of the fees is reasonably assured.
Brokerage and agency services are considered to be rendered and completed, and revenue is recognized, at the time the insurance policy becomes effective, that is, when the signed insurance policy is in place and the premium is collected from the insured. We believe that we have met all the four criteria of revenue recognition when the premiums are collected by us or the respective insurance companies and not before, because collectability is not ensured until receipt of the premium. Accordingly, we do not accrue any commissions and fees prior to the receipt of the related premiums. No allowance for cancellation has been recognized as we estimate that, based on our past experience, policy cancellations rarely occur. Any subsequent commission and fee adjustments in connection with policy cancellations, which have been de minimis to date, are recognized upon notification from the insurance companies. Actual commission and fee adjustments in connection with the cancellation of policies were approximately 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of the total commission and fee revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Other service fees include revenue from the provision of certain insurance-related services, such as driver’s license renewal and annual surveys. We recognize this type of revenue when the services are rendered.
In connection with the distribution of insurance products, our affiliated insurance agencies may receive performance bonuses from insurance companies pursuant to agreements between the insurance agency and the insurance company. Once the agency achieves its performance target, generally a certain sales volume, the bonus will become due. The bonus amount is calculated by multiplying the insurance premium volume by an agreed-upon percentage. In addition, we record discretionary bonuses as revenue when we receive them; in many cases, that is when insurance companies first notify us of the payment of the discretionary bonuses.
Claims adjusting services are considered to be rendered and completed, and revenue is recognized at the time an insurance company confirms the receipt of the adjusting report issued by us. We believe that we have met all the four criteria for revenue recognition when the services are provided and our adjusting report is accepted by the insurance company. We do not accrue any service fee before receiving an insurance company’s acknowledgement that it has received our adjusting report.
Share-based Compensation
We treat all forms of share-based payments to employees, including employee share options and employee share purchase plans, the same as any other form of compensation and recognize the related cost in the statement of operations. Compensation costs related to employee share options or similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of share options.
Determining the value of our share-based compensation expense in future periods requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including estimated forfeitures and the price volatility of the underlying shares. We estimate our forfeitures of our shares based on past employee retention rates and our expectations of future retention rates, and we will prospectively revise our forfeiture rates based on actual history. Our share compensation charges may change based on changes to our actual forfeitures. Our actual share-based compensation expenses may be materially different from our current expectations.
Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Long-lived Assets
Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are required to be tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets might be impaired. If we determine that the carrying value of our goodwill or acquired intangible assets have been impaired, the carrying value will be written down.
To assess potential impairment of goodwill, we perform an assessment of the carrying value of our reporting units at least on an annual basis or when events and changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below their carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we would perform the second step in our assessment process and record an impairment loss to earnings to the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units through internal analysis and external valuations, which utilize income and market valuation approaches through the application of capitalized earnings and discounted cash flow. These valuation techniques are based on a number of estimates and assumptions, including the projected future operating results of the reporting unit, appropriate discount rates and long-term growth rates.

 

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The fair value of each reporting unit is determined by analysis of discounted cash flows. The significant assumptions regarding our future operating performance are revenue growth rates, discount rates and terminal values. If any of these assumptions changes, the estimated fair value of our reporting units will change, which could affect the amount of goodwill impairment charges, if any.
We performed the first step of impairment assessment and noted that the total fair value of the segments was significantly higher than the aggregate carrying value of the reporting units. As such, we have not recognized any impairment charge on goodwill for the three-year period ended December 31, 2010. We are currently not aware of any impairment charge of the goodwill.
Amortizable intangible assets and long-lived assets are required to be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable from its undiscounted future cash flow. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge shall be recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Management performed impairment test for intangible assets and all long-lived assets as of December 31, 2010 and recognized an impairment loss of RMB4.6 million (US$0.7 million) in intangible assets as of December 31, 2010.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry-forwards and credits by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in our opinion, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred income tax assets to an amount that we believe will more likely than not be realized. We have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need and amount for the valuation allowance. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to our deferred income tax assets would increase income in the period such determination was made. Alternatively, should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred income tax assets in the future, an adjustment to our deferred income tax assets would decrease income in the period such determination was made. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are individually classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics.
ASC subtopic 740-10 (“ASC 740-10”), Income taxes: Overall (Pre-Codification: FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement 109), on January 1, 2007. ASC 740-10 clarifies accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in any entity’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return is recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than- not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2010, Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standard Update, or ASU, 2010-29, Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations. The objective of this guidance is to address diversity in practice regarding the interpretation of the pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. The amendments in this update specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclosure revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendments affect any public entity as defined by Topic 805 that enters to business combinations that are material on an individual or aggregated basis. The amendments will be effective for business combinations consummated in periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and should be applied prospectively as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Group does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any significant impact on its financial condition or result of operations.

 

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In December 2010, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement on when to perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts. The amendments in this update modify Step 1 so that for those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. For public entities, the guidance is effective for impairment tests performed during entities’ fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) that begin after December 15, 2010. Early adoption will not be permitted. For nonpublic entities, the guidance is effective for impairment tests performed during entities’ fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) that begin after December 15, 2011. Early application for nonpublic entities is permitted; nonpublic entities that elect early application will use the same effective date as that for public entities. The Group does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any significant impact on its financial condition or result of operations.
In April 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-13, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718); Effect of Denominating the Exercise Price of a Share-Based Payment Award in the Currency of the Market in Which the Underlying Equity Security Trades. The objective of this ASU is to address the classification of an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades. FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, provides guidance on the classification of a share-based payment award as either equity or a liability. A share-based payment award that contains a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition is required to be classified as a liability. Under Topic 718, awards of equity share options granted to an employee of an entity’s foreign operation that provide a fixed exercise price denominated in (1) the foreign operation’s functional currency or (2) the currency in which the employee’s pay is denominated should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. However, US GAAP do not specify whether a share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades has a market, performance, or service condition. Diversity in practice has developed on the interpretation of whether such an award should be classified as a liability when the exercise price is not denominated in either the foreign operation’s functional currency or the currency in which the employee’s pay is denominated. ASU 2010-13 clarifies that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010, and will be applied prospectively. Affected entities will be required to record a cumulative catch-up adjustment for all awards outstanding as of the beginning of the current period in which the guidance is adopted. The Group does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any significant impact on its financial condition or result of operations.

 

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Results of Operations
                                                 
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
            2008 to 2009             2009 to 2010        
            Percentage             Percentage        
    2008     Change     2009     Change     2010  
    RMB     %     RMB     %     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands except percentages)  
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data
                                               
Net revenues:
                                               
Commissions and fees
    843,107       36.9       1,154,090       28.6       1,484,389       224,907  
Other service fees
    855       (11.0 )     761       (15.9 )     640       97  
 
                                   
Total net revenues
    843,962       36.8       1,154,851       28.6       1,485,029       225,004  
 
                                   
Operating costs and expenses:
                                               
Commissions and fees
    (436,803 )     32.8       (579,911 )     22.2       (708,403 )     (107,333 )
Selling expenses
    (17,328 )     185.7       (49,498 )     48.6       (73,567 )     (11,147 )
General and administrative expenses
    (180,031 )     10.7       (199,246 )     36.2       (271,444 )     (41,128 )
 
                                   
Total operating costs and expenses
    (634,162 )     30.7       (828,655 )     27.1       (1,053,414 )     (159,608 )
 
                                   
Income from operations
    209,800       55.5       326,196       32.3       431,615       65,396  
Other income (expense), net:
                                               
Gain on disposal of investment in a subsidiary
    525       *             *              
Investment income
          *       18,905       118.2       41,244       6,249  
Interest income
    47,967       (30.6 )     33,299       (19.1 )     26,924       4,080  
Interest expense
    (95 )     (95.8 )     (4 )     25.0       (5 )     (1 )
Others, net
    (28 )     5,128.6       1,408       (72.2 )     391       59  
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration payables
          *       (5,946 )     (100.0 )            
 
                                   
Net income before income taxes and income of affiliates
    258,169       44.8       373,858       33.8       500,169       75,783  
Income tax expense
    (62,438 )     53.1       (95,618 )     1.2       (96,743 )     (14,658 )
Share of income of affiliates
    135       473.3       774       1,567.18       12,904       1,955  
 
                                   
Net income
    195,866       42.5       279,014       49.22       416,330       63,080  
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests
    4,129       (628.6 )     (21,827 )     (72.6 )     (5,978 )     (906 )
Net income attributable to the CNinsure Inc.’s shareholders
    191,737       56.9       300,841       40.4       422,308       63,986  
 
                                   
 
     
*  
Not meaningful for analysis because the percentage change is mathematically undeterminable or involves a change from income or benefit to loss or expense, or vice versa.
Year ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
Net Revenues. Our total net revenues increased by 28.6% from RMB1.2 billion in 2009 to RMB1.5 billion (US$225.0 million) in 2010 primarily as a result of:
   
a 4.9% increase from RMB783.2 million in 2009 to RMB821.3 million (US$124.4 million) in 2010 in commissions and fees and other service fees derived from the distributions of property and casualty insurance products;
   
a 110.7% increase from RMB231.0 million in 2009 to RMB486.7 million (US$73.7 million) in 2010 in commissions and fees derived from the distributions of life insurance products; and
   
a 25.9% increase from RMB140.7 million in 2009 to RMB177.1 million (US$26.8 million) in 2010 in commissions and fees derived from the provision of claims adjusting services.

 

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These increases were primarily attributable to (i) enhanced sales marketing efforts with the number of sales agents increasing by 29.5% from 38,675 as of December 31, 2009 to 50,086 as of December 31, 2010 and the number of sales outlets increasing by 31.7% from 501 as of December 31, 2009 to 660 as of December 31, 2010; (ii) the increase in performance bonuses paid by life insurers as a result of growth in sales volume and more contracts entered into with life insurers at the corporate headquarter level; and (iii) the acquisitions of controlling interests in four affiliated traditional insurance intermediary companies in 2010.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Commissions and Fees. Commissions and fees we incurred increased by 22.2% from RMB579.9 million in 2009 to RMB708.4 million (US$107.3 million) in 2010 primarily due to growth of our sales, which was in line with the increase in net revenues from commissions and fees.
Selling Expenses. Our selling expenses increased by 48.6% from RMB49.5 million in 2009 to RMB73.6 million (US$11.1 million) in 2010 primarily due to the sales growth and an increase in expenses incurred in connection with the establishment of new outllets.
General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by 36.2% from RMB199.2 million in 2009 to RMB271.4 million (US$41.1 million) in 2010. This increase was primarily as a result of the following factors:
   
an increase of 59.5% in depreciation of fixed assets from RMB14.1 million in 2009 to RMB22.4 million (US$3.4 million) in 2010, largely as a result of operating the upgraded IT system in more affiliated entities in 2010;
   
an increase of 122.9% in amortization of intangible assets from RMB9.7 million in 2009 to RMB21.5 million (US$3.3 million) in 2010, largely as a result of the acquisitions we made in 2010;
   
a recognition of RMB4.6 million (US$0.7 million) impairment loss in respect of intangible assets for the fourth quarter of 2010; and
   
an increase of 194.0% in share-based compensation expenses from RMB7.6 million in 2009 to RMB22.2 million (US$3.4 million) in 2010, associated with the grant of options to various directors, officers and employees in February 2010.
Income from Operations. As a result of the foregoing factors, our income from operations increased by 32.3% from RMB326.2 million in 2009 to RMB436.1 million (US$65.4 million) in 2010.
Other Income (Expense), Net. Our other income, net increased by 43.8% from RMB47.7 million in 2009 to RMB68.6 million (US$10.4 million) in 2010, primarily as a result of a 118.2% increase in the recognition of investment income from RMB18.9 million in 2009 to RMB41.2 million (US$6.2 million) in 2010, representing gains from re-measuring the 10% equity interest formerly held by us in Hebei Fanlian, Ningbo Baolian, Shandong Mintai and the 5% equity interest formerly held by us in Shenyang Fangda Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., partially offset by a 19.1% decrease in interest income from RMB33.3 million in 2009 to RMB26.9 million (US$4.1 million) in 2010.
Net Income before Income Taxes and Income of Affiliates. As a result of the foregoing factors, our net income before income taxes and income of affiliates increased by 33.8% from RMB373.9 million in 2009 to RMB500.2 million (US$75.8 million) in 2010.
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense in 2010 primarily consisted of current tax expense of RMB95.2 million (US$14.4 million) and deferred tax expense of RMB1.5 million (US$0.2 million). In comparison, our income tax expense in 2009 primarily consisted of current tax expense of RMB92.1 million and deferred tax expense of RMB3.5 million, representing an increase of 1.2% from 2009 to 2010. The effective income tax rate applicable to us was 19.3% in 2010 compared to 25.6% in 2009. The decrease was primarily attributable to a tax holiday enjoyed by an affiliated subsidiary of the Company.

 

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Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests. We recorded RMB6.0 million (US$0.9 million) net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2010, primarily due to loss incurred by certain affiliated insurance agencies in which we owned majority interests. Profits incurred by Datong segment and claims adjusting segments were wholly attributable to the Group in 2010. In comparison, we recorded RMB21.8 million net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2009. Losses incurred by the Datong segment were wholly borne by the noncontrolling shareholders pursuant to the supplemental agreement between Meidiya Investment and Mr. Lin, dated June 30, 2009.
Net Income Attributable to the Company’s Shareholders. As a result of the foregoing, our net income attributable to our shareholders increased by 40.4% from RMB300.8 million in 2009 to RMB422.3 million (US$64.0 million) in 2010.
Year ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008
Net Revenues. Our total net revenues increased by 36.8% from RMB844.0 million in 2008 to RMB1.2 billion in 2009 primarily as a result of:
   
a 23.5% increase from RMB634.4 million in 2008 to RMB783.2 million in 2009 in commissions and fees and other service fees derived from the distributions of property and casualty insurance products;
   
a 91.6% increase from RMB120.6 million in 2008 to RMB231.0 million in 2009 in commissions and fees derived from the distributions of life insurance products; and
   
a 58.0% increase from RMB89.0 million in 2008 to RMB140.7 million in 2009 in commissions and fees derived from the provision of claims adjusting services.
These increases were primarily attributable to (i) enhanced sales marketing efforts with the number of sales agents in our distribution and service network increasing by 33.9% from 28,886 as of December 31, 2008 to 38,675 as of December 31, 2009, and the number of claims adjustors increasing by 86.6% from 834 as of December 31, 2008 to 1,556 as of December 31, 2009; (ii) the establishment of four new affiliated insurance intermediary companies and the acquisitions of controlling interests in five affiliated insurance intermediary companies in 2009; and (iii) the increase in performance bonuses paid by life insurers as a result of growth in sales volume and more contracts entered into with life insurers at the corporate headquarter level.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Commissions and Fees. Commissions and fees we incurred increased by 32.8% from RMB436.8 million in 2008 to RMB579.9 million in 2009 primarily due to growth of our sales, which was in line with the increase in net revenues from commissions and fees.
Selling Expenses. Our selling expenses increased by 185.7% from RMB17.3 million in 2008 to RMB49.5 million in 2009 primarily due to the establishment of additional branches and subsidiaries under Datong segment and claims adjusting segment, as well as an increase in sales promotion expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by 10.7% from RMB180.0 million in 2008 to RMB199.2 million in 2009. Our adjusted general and administrative expenses, which excluded a one-time charge of RMB29.6 million share-based compensation expenses in 2008 that was associated with the surrender and cancellation of option to purchase an aggregate of 30,804,500 ordinary shares by various option holders, increased 32.4% from RMB150.4 million in 2008. This increase was primarily as a result of the following factors:
   
an increase in depreciation of fixed assets due to the installation and operation of our upgraded IT system in more affiliated entities in 2009;
   
an increase in headcount, primarily as a result of the recruitment of more senior managers, and an increase in base salaries for the managerial and administrative staff;
   
an increase in amortization of intangible assets as a result of the acquisitions we made in 2008 and 2009; and
   
an increase in office rental expenses and expenses incurred by newly acquired entities as well as the expansion of our distribution and service network.

 

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Income from Operations. As a result of the foregoing factors, our income from operations increased by 55.5% from RMB209.8 million in 2008 to RMB326.2 million in 2009.
Other Income (Expense), Net. Our other income, net decreased by 1.5% from RMB48.4 million in 2008 to RMB47.7 million in 2009, primarily as a result of a 30.6% decrease in interest income from RMB48.0 million in 2008 to RMB33.3 million in 2009, mainly attributable to a decrease in bank deposit interest rates in 2009, the recognition of a one-time expense of RMB5.9 million, resulting from changes in fair value of contingent consideration payable for acquisitions of an additional 41% and 46% of equity interests in Hangzhou Zhixin and Fanhua Anlian, respectively, in 2009, partially offset by the recognition of RMB18.9 million of investment income, representing gains from re-measuring the 10% and 5% equity interest formerly held by us in Zhixin and Anlian, respectively.
Net Income before Income Taxes and Income of Affiliates. As a result of the foregoing factors, our net income before income taxes and income of affiliates increased by 44.8% from RMB258.2 million in 2008 to RMB373.9 million in 2009.
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense in 2009 primarily consists of current tax expense of RMB92.1 million and deferred tax expense of RMB3.5 million. The substantial increase in our income tax expense in 2009 was primarily attributable to the increase of operating income and the increase of effective income tax rate in Shenzhen from 18% in 2008 to 20% in 2009. The effective income tax rate applicable to us was 25.6% in 2009 compared to 24.2% in 2008.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests. We recorded RMB21.8 million net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2009. Losses incurred by the Datong segment are wholly borne by the noncontrolling shareholders pursuant to the supplemental agreement between Meidiya Investment and Mr. Lin, dated June 30, 2009. In comparison, we recorded RMB4.1 million net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2008, primarily due to profit earned by three newly acquired claims adjusting firms in which we hold majority interests, offset by losses incurred by certain other insurances agencies in which we hold majority interests.
Net Income Attributable to the Company’s Shareholders. As a result of the foregoing, our net income attributable to our shareholders increased by 56.9% from RMB191.7 million in 2008 to RMB300.8 million in 2009.
Discussion of Segment Operations
Historically, we had managed our business as a single operating segment engaged in insurance agency and brokerage services in the PRC. In order to better manage and measure the performance of different lines of businesses we had been engaged in 2008, we restructured our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in December 2008 by grouping them into the following four operating segments:
   
property and casualty insurance segment, which refers to entities that have been primarily engaged in the distribution of property and casualty insurance products;
   
life insurance segment, which refers to entities that have been primarily engaged in the distribution of life insurance products;
   
claims adjusting segment, which refers to our claims adjusting firms that are engaged in claims adjusting services such as pre-underwriting survey, claims adjusting, disposal of residual value, loading and unloading supervision and consulting services; and
   
Datong segment, which refers to Datong and entities under its control, which are primarily engaged in the distribution of life insurance products.
We group Datong and the entities controlled by it under a separate segment, because they target different customers than those targeted by our other affiliated insurance intermediaries under the life insurance segment. In addition, our management reviews the performance of Datong and its subsidiaries separately from the other operating segments. As a result of this restructuring, we now have four reportable segments.

 

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The following table sets forth our net revenues, operating costs and expenses and income from operations by reportable segments for the periods indicated. Operating costs and expenses allocated to each of the reportable segments includes intangible asset amortizations and impairments, and other costs and expenses directly incurred by the corresponding segment. The line item “Other” includes expenses not allocated to the reportable segments and headquarter related costs and expenses.
                                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
            2008 to 2009             2009 to 2010        
            Percentage             Percentage        
    2008     Change     2009     Change     2010  
    RMB     %     RMB     %     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands except percentages)  
Net revenues:
                                               
Property and casualty
    599,353       30.7       783,220       4.9       821,259       124,433  
Life
    154,174       15.3       177,713       32.6       235,584       35,695  
Claims adjusting
    89,012       58.0       140,670       25.9       177,094       26,832  
Datong
    1,423       3,642.0       53,248       371.6       251,092       38,044  
 
                                   
Total net revenues
    843,962       36.8       1,154,851       28.6       1,485,029       225,004  
 
                                   
Operating costs and expenses:
                                               
Property and casualty
    (319,776 )     27.8       (408,643 )     (4.7 )     (389,266 )     (58,980 )
Life
    (127,634 )     24.4       (158,804 )     22.5       (194,612 )     (29,487 )
Claims adjusting
    (70,961 )     71.6       (121,753 )     28.8       (156,825 )     (23,761 )
Datong
    (5,837 )     1,138.3       (72,281 )     196.1       (214,001 )     (32,424 )
Other
    (109,954 )     (38.9 )     (67,174 )     47.0       (98,710 )     (14,956 )
 
                                   
Total operating costs and expenses
    (634,162 )     30.7       (828,655 )     27.1       (1,053,414 )     (159,608 )
 
                                   
Income (Loss) from operations:
                                               
Property and casualty
    279,577       34.0       374,577       15.3       431,993       65,453  
Life
    26,540       (28.8 )     18,909       116.7       40,972       6,208  
Claims adjusting
    18,051       4.8       18,917       7.1       20,269       3,071  
Datong
    (4,414 )     331.2       (19,033 )     294.9       37,091       5,620  
Other
    (109,954 )     (38.9 )     (67,174 )     46.9       (98,710 )     (14,956 )
 
                                   
Total income from operations
    209,800       55.5       326,196       32.3       431,615       65,396  
 
                                   
Year ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
Net Revenues
Net revenues from our property and casualty insurance segment increased by 4.9% from RMB783.2 million in 2009 to RMB821.3 million (US$124.4 million) in 2010. The increase primarily resulted from the acquisitions of controlling interests in six affiliated insurance agencies primarily engaged in the distribution of property and casualty insurance products in 2009 and 2010 and a significant increase in the number of property and casualty sales agents, partially offset by the decrease of auto insurance commission rate in the first half year of 2010. The commission rate had been raised to the same level as that of 2009 by the end of 2010.
Net revenues from our life insurance segment increased by 32.6% from RMB177.7 million in 2009 to RMB235.6 million (US$35.7 million) in 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) an increase in the number of life insurance sales agents and productivity; (ii) an increase in performance bonuses paid by life insurers as a result of growth in sales volume; and (iii) an increase in number of contracts entered into with life insurers at the corporate headquarter level, which enabled us to obtain more favorable terms by combining the sales volumes of all of our affiliated insurance intermediary companies located in different parts of the country.
Net revenues from our claims adjusting segment increased by 25.9% from RMB140.7 million in 2009 to RMB177.1 million (US$26.8 million) in 2010. The increase primarily resulted from (i) increase in productivity of claims adjustors; and (ii) enhanced cooperation with the property and casualty segment which referred claims adjusting business to our claims adjusting firms.

 

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Net revenues from the Datong segment increased by 371.6% from RMB53.2 million in 2009 to RMB251.1 million (US$38.0 million) in 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) an increase in the number of sales agents and productivity; and (ii) an increase in performance bonuses paid by life insurers as a result of growth in sales volume.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Operating costs and expenses for our property and casualty insurance segment decreased by 4.7% from RMB408.6 million in 2009 to RMB389.3 million (US$59.0 million) in 2010. The decrease was primarily due to the implementation of a fee-based revenue scheme in eight of our affiliated insurance agencies in 2010 as compared to five affiliated insurance agencies in 2009, partially offset by the increase in commissions and fees paid to our property and casualty insurance sales agents, which was in line with the growth of our sales.
Operating costs and expenses for our life insurance segment increased by 22.5% from RMB158.8 million in 2009 to RMB194.6 million (US$29.5 million) in 2010. The increase was primarily due to (i) higher sales volume, particularly the increase in the sale of new insurance policies, for which we generally paid higher commissions and fees to our sales agents as compared with those of renewal insurance policies; and (ii) the establishment of additional branches and sales outlets.
Operating costs and expenses for our claims adjusting segment increased by 28.8% from RMB121.8 million in 2009 to RMB156.8 million (US$23.8 million) in 2010. The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase in commissions and fees paid to claims adjustors and related services cost, which was in line with the increase in revenues; and (ii) an increase in salaries for back-office staff and office rental expenses.
Operating costs and expenses for our Datong segment increased by 196.1% from RMB72.3 million in 2009 to RMB214.0 million (US$32.4 million) in 2010. The increase was primarily due to the increase in commissions and fees paid to our Datong sales agents as a result of significant increase in sales volume, particularly due to the increase in the sales of new insurance policies and the increase in operating expenses incurred by back-office staff to support the business expansion.
Income from Operations
As a result of the foregoing factors, income from operations for our property and casualty insurance segment increased by 15.3% from RMB374.6 million in 2009 to RMB432.0 million (US$65.5 million) in 2010. Income from operations for our life insurance segment increased by 116.7% from RMB18.9 million in 2009 to RMB41.0 million (US$6.2 million) in 2010. Income from operations for our claims adjusting segment increased by 7.1% from RMB18.9 million in 2009 to RMB20.3 million (US$3.1 million) in 2010. Income from operations for our Datong segment increased by 294.9% from a loss of RMB19.0 million in 2009 to a income of RMB37.1 million (US$5.6 million) in 2010.
Year ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008
Net Revenues
Net revenues from our property and casualty insurance segment increased by 30.7% from RMB599.4 million in 2008 to RMB783.2 million in 2009. The increase primarily resulted from the acquisitions of controlling interests in eight affiliated insurance agencies primarily engaged in the distribution of property and casualty insurance products in 2008 and 2009, a significant increase in the number of property and casualty sales agents in our distribution and service network and higher productivity of sale agents.
Net revenues from our life insurance segment increased by 15.3% from RMB154.2 million in 2008 to RMB177.7 million in 2009. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) a significant increase in performance bonuses paid by life insurers as a result of growth in sales volume; and (ii) an increase in number of contracts entered into with life insurers at the corporate headquarter level, which enabled us to obtain more favorable terms by combining the sales volumes of all of our affiliated insurance intermediary companies located in different parts of the country.
Net revenues from our claims adjusting segment increased by 58.0% from RMB89.0 million in 2008 to RMB140.7 million in 2009. The increase primarily resulted from (i) a significant increase in the number of claims adjustors from 834 in 2008 to 1,556 in 2009; and (ii) the acquisitions of controlling interest in a claims adjusting firm that was primarily engaged in claims adjusting services in connection with property and casualty insurance.

 

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We acquired 55% of the equity interest in Datong in November 2008. Net revenues from our Datong segment increased by over 36 times from RMB1.4 million in 2008 to RMB53.2 million in 2009. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) revenues recognition for one full year of Datong segment in 2009 as compared to two months in 2008; (ii) the establishment of 11 insurance agencies primarily engaged in distribution of life insurance products after the acquisition; (iii) an increase in the number of sales agents from 1,505 in 2008 to 7,893 in 2009; and (iv) an increase in performance bonuses paid by life insurers as a result of growth in sales volume.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Operating costs and expenses for our property and casualty insurance segment increased by 27.8% from RMB319.8 million in 2008 to RMB408.6 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to the increase in commissions and fees paid to our property and casualty insurance sales agents, which was in line with the growth of our sales.
Operating costs and expenses for our life insurance segment increased by 24.4% from RMB127.6 million in 2008 to RMB158.8 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to (i) higher sales volume, particularly the increase in the sales of new insurance policies, for which we generally paid higher commissions and fees to our sales agents as compared with those of renewal insurance policies; and (ii) the establishment of additional branches and sales outlets.
Operating costs and expenses for our claims adjusting segment in 2009 increased by 71.6% from RMB71.0 million in 2008 to RMB121.8 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase in commissions and fees paid to claims adjustors and related services cost, which was in line with the increase in revenues; (ii) an increase in salaries for back-office staff and office rental expenses as a result of the establishment of new branches; and (iii) an increase in marketing and promotion expenses.
Operating costs and expenses for our Datong segment in 2009 increased by 1,138.3% from RMB5.8 million in 2008 to RMB72.3 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to the increase in commissions and fees paid to our Datong sales agents as a result of higher sales volume, particularly due to the increase in the sales of new insurance policies and the increase in operating expenses incurred by newly established companies under the Datong segment.
Income (Loss) from Operations
As a result of the foregoing factors, income from operations for our property and casualty insurance segment increased by 34.0% from RMB279.6 million in 2008 to RMB374.6 million in 2009. Income from operations for our life insurance segment decreased by 28.8% from RMB26.5 million in 2008 to RMB18.9 million in 2009. Income from operations for our claims adjusting segment increased by 4.8% from RMB18.1 million in 2008 to RMB18.9 million in 2009. Loss from operations for our Datong segment increased by 331.2% from RMB4.4 million in 2008 to RMB19.0 million in 2009.
Inflation
Since our inception, inflation in China has not materially impacted our results of operations. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change of consumer price index in China was 5.9%, -0.7% and 3.3% in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. We can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by higher rates of inflation in China. For example, certain operating costs and expenses, such as employee compensation and office operating expense, may increase as a result of higher inflation. Additionally, because a substantial portion of our assets consists of cash and cash equivalents, high inflation could significantly reduce the value and purchasing power of these assets. We are not able to hedge our exposures to higher inflation in China.
Foreign Currency
The exchange rate between U.S. dollar and RMB has declined from an average of RMB8.2264 per U.S. dollar in July 2005 to RMB6.8275 per U.S. dollar in December 2009 and then to RMB6.6497 per U.S. dollar in December 2010. The fluctuation of the exchange rate between the RMB and U.S. dollar resulted in foreign currency translation loss of RMB10.8 million (US$1.6 million) in 2010, when we translated our financial assets from U.S. dollar into RMB. We have not hedged exposures to exchange fluctuations using any hedging instruments. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on your investment.” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Foreign Exchange Risk.”

 

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B.     Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows and Working Capital
Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash generated from our operating activities and proceeds from sales of ordinary shares through private placements, our initial public offering and public follow-on offering. As of December 31, 2010, we had RMB1.9 billion (US$291.6 million) in cash. Our cash consists of cash on hand and bank deposits with terms of 90 days or less. Our principal uses of cash have been to fund acquisitions, construction of a nationwide operating platform, working capital requirements, purchases of automobiles and office equipment, office renovation and rental deposit. Although we consolidate the results of our PRC affiliated entities, we do not have direct access to their cash and cash equivalents or future earnings. But we can direct the use of their cash through agreements that provide us with effective control of these entities. Moreover, we receive quarterly fees from some of these affiliated entities in exchange for certain consulting and other services provided by us. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” We expect to require cash to fund our ongoing business needs, particularly the further expansion of our distribution and service network through acquisitions and establishment of new insurance intermediary companies and development of an e-commerce insurance platform.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including our cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures, for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, require additional cash due to changing business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our existing cash is insufficient to meet our requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities or borrow from lending institutions. Financing may be unavailable in the amounts we need or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. The sale of additional equity securities, including convertible debt securities, would dilute our earnings per share. The incurrence of debt would divert cash for working capital and capital expenditures to service debt obligations and could result in operating and financial covenants that restrict our operations and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. If we are unable to obtain additional equity or debt financing as required, our business operations and prospects may suffer.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands)  
Net cash generated from operating activities
    254,619       259,599       366,665       55,554  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (252,920 )     (256,243 )     (400,021 )     (60,609 )
Net cash generated from (used in) financing activities
    16,576       (57,166 )     511,168       77,450  
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    18,275       (53,810 )     477,812       72,395  
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
    1,544,817       1,510,432       1,457,890       220,892  
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
    1,510,432       1,457,890       1,924,884       291,649  
Operating Activities
Net cash generated from operating activities amounted to RMB366.7 million (US$55.6 million) for the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily attributable to (i) a net income of RMB416.3 million (US$63.1 million); (ii) a significant increase of RMB78.9 million (US$12.0 million) in depreciation of fixed assets, amortization and impairment of acquired intangible assets and share-based compensation expenses which were included in net income but did not have cash flow effect during the period; (iii) an investment income of RMB41.2 million (US$6.2 million), which was also included in net income but was not included in operating activity and did not have cash flow effect during the period; (iv) an increase of RMB13.8 million (US$2.1 million) in accounts payable primarily as a result of increased revenue and expanded operation; and (iv) an increase of RMB61.8 million (US$9.4 million) in accounts receivable, which negatively affected operating cash flow, primarily as a result of an increase in sales of insurance products.

 

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Net cash generated from operating activities amounted to RMB259.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, primarily attributable to (i) a net income of RMB279.0 million; (ii) an increase of RMB18.8 million in depreciation of fixed assets, which was included in net income but did not have cash flow effect during the period; (iii) an investment income of RMB18.9 million, which was also included in net income but was not included in operating activity and did not have cash flow effect during the period; (iv) an increase of RMB13.1 million in accounts payable primarily as a result of increased revenue and expanded operation; and (iv) an increase of RMB85.6 million in accounts receivable, which negatively affected operating cash flow, primarily as a result of an increase in sales of insurance products.
Net cash generated from operating activities amounted to RMB254.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, primarily attributable to (i) a net income of RMB191.7 million; (ii) an increase of RMB48.4 million in accounts payable primarily as a result of increased revenue and expanded operation; (iii) an increase of RMB13.6 million in other payable primarily due to increases in annual audit fees payable for the 2008 audit and professional fees payable in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance; (iv) an increase of RMB58.3 million in accounts receivable, which negatively affected operating cash flow, primarily as a result of increase of sales of insurance products; and (v) a decrease of RMB11.4 million in insurance premium payable, which negatively affected cash flow, primarily due to shorter period of insurance premium settlement with insurance companies.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2010 was RMB400.0 million (US$60.6 million), primarily attributable to (i) payment of RMB307.8 million (US$46.6 million) for acquisitions of controlling interest in four insurances agencies and one online insurance service company during the year; (ii) a final payment of RMB17.2 million (US$2.6 million) for the acquisition of 20.58% equity interest in Sincere Fame which owns 100% equity interest of CFSG in 2009 and an additional investment of RMB39.5 million (US$6.0 million) for a share subscription in Sincere Fame in 2010; and (iii) the purchases of property, plant and equipment totaling RMB24.4 million (US$3.7 million).
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 was RMB256.2 million, primarily attributable to (i) payment of contingent considerations for companies acquired in 2008, which have achieved their operating targets, as well as payment of considerations for new acquisitions made in 2009, amounting to RMB330.7 million; (ii) a partial payment of RMB68.3 million for the acquisition of 20.58% equity interest in Sincere Fame which owns 100% equity interest in CFSG; and (iii) the purchases of property, plant and equipment totaling RMB47.8 million, partially offset by RMB180.0 million as repayment from noncontrolling shareholders in connection with the acquisition of Datong.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was RMB252.9 million, primarily attributable to (i) RMB180 million paid to entities controlled by Mr. Keping Lin in connection with the acquisition of Datong; (ii) purchases of property, plant and equipment totaling RMB51.8 million; (iii) acquisitions of controlling interests in nine insurance agencies, one insurance brokerage and three claims adjusting firms totaling RMB23.9 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash generated from financing activities was RMB511.2 million (US$77.5 million) for the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily attributable to (i) proceeds of RMB743.8 million (US$112.7 million) from the issuance of ordinary shares with respect to the follow-on offering on July 14, 2010, partially offset by (i) payment of contingent considerations amounting to RMB125.4 million (US$19.0 million) for companies acquired in 2008, which have achieved their operating targets; (ii) a cash dividend of RMB81.0 million (US$12.3 million); and (iii) a share repurchase amounting to RMB37.3 million (US$5.7 million).
Net cash used in financing activities was RMB57.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, primarily attributable to (i) a cash dividend of RMB68.6 million; and (ii) a repayment to related parties amounting to RMB8.9 million, partially offset by capital injection and additional paid-in capital injection by noncontrolling shareholders totaling RMB20.3 million.
Net cash generated from financing activities was RMB16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, primarily attributable to (i) an advance of RMB10.6 million from noncontrolling shareholders of Guangdong Fangzhong Insurance Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd., CNinsure Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Shenzhen Khubon Insurance Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd.) and Shanghai Teamhead Insurance Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd., the majority interests in which we acquired in 2008; and (ii) an increase in noncontrolling interests totaling RMB10.6 million as a result of establishment of new majority-owned insurance agencies, partially offset by repayments of bank loans totaling RMB1.6 million.

 

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Capital Expenditures
We incurred capital expenditures of RMB51.8 million, RMB47.8 million and RMB24.4 million (US$3.7 million) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Our capital expenditures have been used primarily to construct our operating platform including a Core Business System and ERP-based financial and accounting system, and to purchase automobiles and office equipment for newly established insurance intermediary companies. We estimate that our capital expenditures will increase in 2011 as we further expand our distribution and service network, improve our unified operating platform and construct our e-commerce insurance platform. We anticipate funding our future capital expenditures primarily with net cash flows from financing and operating activities.
Holding Company Structure
We are a holding company with no material operations of our own. We conduct our operations primarily through our wholly owned subsidiaries in China and our consolidated affiliated entities, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment and their subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to pay dividends and to finance any debt we may incur depends upon dividends paid by our wholly owned subsidiaries and consulting and service fees paid by the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment. If our wholly owned subsidiaries or any newly formed subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us. Our wholly owned subsidiaries are permitted to pay dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, each of our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits as reported in the PRC statutory financial statements each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reach 50% of its registered capital, and to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund at the discretion of its board. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation of the companies. Furthermore, the EIT Law that took effect on January 1, 2008 has eliminated the exemption of EIT on dividend derived by foreign investors from foreign-invested enterprises and imposes on foreign-invested enterprises an obligation to withhold tax on dividend distributed by such foreign-invested enterprises. Aggregate undistributed earnings of our subsidiaries in the PRC that are available for distribution to us are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and accordingly, no provision for the withholding tax has been made. As of December 31, 2010, our restricted net asset was RMB1.5 billion (US$225.8 million), which is not eligible for distribution. This amount is composed of the registered equity of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities and the statutory reserves described above.
C.     Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
None.
D.     Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E.     Off-Balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or that engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.

 

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F.     Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2010:
                                         
    Payment Due by Period  
            Less than                     More than  
    Total     1 year     1-3 years     3-5 years     5 years  
    (in thousands of RMB)  
 
 
Operating lease obligations
    36,138       21,251       14,333       554        
Purchase obligations (1)
    365       365                    
 
                             
Total
    36,503       21,616       14,333       554        
 
                             
 
     
(1)  
Represents payment commitment in connection with the construction of our Core Business System and ERP-based financial and accounting system.
Not included in the table above are ASC 740 (formerly Financial Interpretation 48) liabilities of RMB5.5 million (US$0.8 million). As we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authority, such liabilities are excluded from the contractual obligations table above.
Other than the contractual obligations and commercial commitments set forth above, we did not have any other material long-term debt obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other material long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2010.
Item 6.    Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.
             
Directors and Executive Officers   Age   Position/Title
Yinan Hu
    45     Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Qiuping Lai
    57     President and Director
Peng Ge
    40     Chief Financial Officer
Chunlin Wang
    41     Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Head of the Property and Casualty Insurance Unit
Feng Jin
    45     Vice President, Chief Information Officer and Head of the Life Insurance Unit
Shangzhi Wu
    60     Director
Yongwei Ma
    68     Independent Director
Stephen Markscheid
    57     Independent Director
Allen Warren Lueth
    42     Independent Director
Mengbo Yin
    55     Independent Director
Mr. Yinan Hu is our co-founder and has been chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer since our inception in 1998. From 1993 to 1998, Mr. Hu served as chairman of the board of directors of Guangdong Nanfeng Enterprises Co., Ltd., a company he co-founded that engaged in import and export, manufacturing of wooden doors and construction. From 1991 to 1995, Mr. Hu was an instructor of money and banking at Guangdong Institute for Managers in Finance and Trade. Mr. Hu received a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in economics from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China.
Mr. Qiuping Lai is our co-founder and has been our president and director since 2004. Mr. Lai has served as chairman of the board of directors of Guangdong Nanfeng, one of our first affiliated insurance intermediaries in the PRC, since 2002. From 1998 to 2002, he served as the general manager of Guangdong Nanfeng Automobile Association Co., Ltd., one of our predecessor companies that he co-founded in 1998. From 1994 to 1998, he served as the general manager of Guangdong Nanfeng Enterprises Co., Ltd., a company he co-founded that engaged in import and export, manufacturing of wooden doors and construction. From 1990 to 1994, Mr. Lai was an instructor of philosophy and later an associate dean of the department of law at Guangdong Institute for Managers in Finance and Trade. Mr. Lai received his bachelor’s degree in philosophy from Jiangxi University in China.

 

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Mr. Peng Ge has been our chief financial officer since April 2008. From 2005 to April 2008, he served as the general manager of the finance and accounting department and vice president of our company. From August 2007 to September 2008, he was also a director of our company. From 1999 to 2005, Mr. Ge headed our Beijing operations. From 1994 to 1999, Mr. Ge was a financial manager at a subsidiary of China National Native Produce and Animal By-Products Import & Export Corporation. Mr. Ge received his bachelor’s degree in international accounting and his MBA degree from the University of International Business and Economics in China.
Mr. Chunlin Wang has been our vice president since January 2007, chief operating officer since April 2011 and head of the property and casualty insurance unit since February 2008. From January 2007 to February 2008, Mr. Wang served as chair of the property and casualty insurance committee of our company. From 2003 to January 2007, he served as assistant to our chairman. From 2002 to 2005, he served as the general manager of Guangdong Nanfeng, one of our first affiliated insurance intermediaries in the PRC. From 1998 to 2002, Mr. Wang served as a branch manager at Guangzhou Nanyun Car Rental Services Co., Ltd. and later Guangdong Nanfeng Automobile Association Co., Ltd., our predecessors. Mr. Wang received his bachelor’s degree in law from Central-Southern University of Politics and Law in China.
Mr. Feng Jin has been the head of the life insurance unit since August 2010 and chief information officer since November 2007. From February 2008 to November 2008, he also served as our vice president in charge of Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance and investor relations. From 2003 to 2007, Mr. Jin served as assistant president and chief information officer at New China Life Insurance Co., Ltd., a major life insurer in China, primarily responsible for IT system construction and management. From May 2000 to October 2003, Mr. Jin served as sales manager and financial planner at U.S.-based Prudential Insurance Company of America. Mr. Jin holds an MBA degree from University of Warwick in England and a bachelor of law degree from China Foreign Affairs University. He has received the credentials of Chartered Financial Consultant and Charted Life Underwriter from American College, USA.
Dr. Shangzhi Wu has been our director since December 2005. He is the founding partner of CDH China Holdings Management Company Limited, or CDH, and has served as its president since its inception in 2002. CDH is an international private equity fund manager with more than US$2 billion of committed capital under management and with a focus on investments in China’s leading companies. Dr. Wu has also served as the chairman of Beijing Dinghui Venture Investment Advisory Company Limited since 2002. From 1995 to 2002, Dr. Wu worked for China International Capital Corporation Ltd., or CICC, serving as the head of the direct investment department beginning in 1996. Dr. Wu became a managing director in 1999 and served as a member of CICC’s management committee between 2000 and 2002. From 1993 to 1995, he was a managing director at Beijing Copia Consulting Company, a business consulting firm. From 1991 to 1993, he was a senior investment officer at the International Finance Corporation. From 1984 to 1991, he worked for the World Bank as an operations officer and senior operations officer. Dr. Wu received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering and a master’s degree in management of technology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Mr. Yongwei Ma has been our independent director since May 2008. Mr. Ma has been an independent director of China Life Insurance Company Limited since 2006 and an independent director of Mingyuan Medicare Development Company Limited, a healthcare company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, since October 2008. Since 2003, he has been a member of the Standing Committee of National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. From 1998 to 2002, he was the chairman of China Insurance Regulatory Commission. From 1996 to 1998, he served as the chairman and president of the former China Insurance Group Company. From 1994 to 1996, he served as the chairman and president of the former People’s Insurance Company of China. Mr. Ma is a researcher and graduated from the finance department of Liaoning Finance and Economics University.
Mr. Stephen Markscheid has been our independent director since August 2007. He is currently the chief executive officer of Synergenz BioScience, Inc., a genomics company based in Hong Kong. Prior to that, Mr. Markscheid was the chief executive officer of HuaMei Capital Company, Inc., a Sino-U.S. investment advisory firm from 2006 to 2007. From 1998 to 2006, Mr. Markscheid served as senior vice president for global risk for GE Healthcare Financial Services and director of business development of GE Capital. Prior to joining GE, Mr. Markscheid worked as case leader for the Boston Consulting Group throughout Asia from 1994 to 1997. Prior to that, Mr. Markscheid had been a commercial banker for ten years in London, Chicago, New York, Hong Kong and Beijing with Chase Manhattan Bank and First National Bank of Chicago. Mr. Markscheid received his bachelor’s degree in East Asian studies from Princeton University, a master’s degree in international affairs and economics from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, and an MBA degree from Columbia University.

 

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Mr. Allen Lueth has been our independent director since August 2007. Since December 2010, he has been the vice president of finance of Cardinal Health China, one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical distributors, which acquired Zuellig Pharma China in November 2010. Prior to that, he was the vice president of finance and strategy of Zuellig Pharma China, a private company focused on pharmaceutical distribution, and was its chief financial officer from 2005 to February 2009. Mr. Lueth worked for GE Capital from 1998 to 2004 in a variety of roles, including chief financial officer and chief executive officer for the Taiwan operations, and the representative for China. Earlier, he served with Coopers & Lybrand as an auditor. Mr. Lueth obtained his certificate as a certified public accountant in 1991 and a certified management accountant in 1994. Mr. Lueth received his bachelor of science in accounting degree from the University of Minnesota and an MBA degree from the J.L. Kellogg School of Management.
Dr. Mengbo Yin has been our independent director since September 2008. He is currently a Ph.D advisor at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, where he also serves as head of the university’s postgraduate department. Previously, he was the dean of the university’s school of finance from 1996 to 2007. Professor Yin received his master’s and Ph.D degrees in finance from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China.
Employment Agreements
Each of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement with us. Under these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for a specified time period. We may terminate the employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the employee, including but not limited to a conviction or plea of guilty to a felony, negligence or dishonesty to our detriment, failure to perform the agreed-to duties after a reasonable opportunity to cure the failure and failure to achieve the performance measures specified in the employment agreement. An executive officer may terminate his employment at any time with one-month prior written notice if there is a material reduction in his authority, duties and responsibilities or in his annual salary before the next annual salary review. Furthermore, we may terminate an executive officer’s employment at any time without cause upon two-month advance written notice. In the event of a termination without cause by us, we will provide the executive officer a lump-sum severance payment in the amount of RMB500,000, unless otherwise specifically required by applicable law.
Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the employment agreement expires or is earlier terminated, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his duties in connection with the employment, any confidential information, trade secrets and know-how of our company or the confidential information of any third party, including our affiliated entities and our subsidiaries, received by us. In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition restrictions set forth in his employment agreement. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to, while employed by us and for one year following the termination or expiration of the employment agreement, (i) approach our clients, customers or contacts or other persons or entities introduced to the executive officer for the purpose of doing business with such person or entities, and will not interfere with the business relationship between us and such persons and/or entities; (ii) assume employment with or provide services as a director for any of our competitors, or engage, whether as principal, partner or otherwise, in any business which is in direct or indirect competition with our business; or (iii) seek directly or indirectly, to solicit the services of any of our employees who is employed by us at the date of the executive officer’s termination, or in the year preceding such termination.
B.     Compensation
In 2010, the aggregate cash compensation, including reimbursement of expenses, to our executive officers was approximately RMB3.5 million (US$0.5 million), and the aggregate cash compensation to our non-executive directors was approximately RMB1.1 million (US$0.2 million).

 

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Share Incentives
2007 Share Incentive Plan
In August 2007, our board of directors and shareholders adopted our 2007 share incentive plan, which is intended to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of our business. We reserved 68,421,053 ordinary shares, equal to 10% of our then outstanding ordinary shares, for issuance under our 2007 share incentive plan. At the annual general meeting of shareholders held on December 18, 2008, our shareholders approved certain amendments to the 2007 share incentive plan to, among other things, increase the maximum number of ordinary shares reserved for issuance to 136,874,658, equal to 15% of the total number of ordinary shares outstanding immediately after the closing of our initial public offering.
In October 2007, our board of directors voted to grant options under our 2007 share incentive plan to certain of our directors and employees to purchase an aggregate of 42,000,000 ordinary shares of our company at an exercise price of US$0.8 per ordinary share, equal to the offering price per ADS in our initial public offering (after the adjustment for the 20 ordinary shares to 1 ADS ratio). These options were scheduled to vest over a three-year period starting from March 31, 2009. Options to purchase an aggregate of 30,804,500 ordinary shares of our company were cancelled as a result of voluntary surrender by various option holders in December 2008, options to purchase 8,834,900 ordinary shares were cancelled due to the termination of employment of the relevant option holders and options to purchase 2,360,600 ordinary shares were repurchased for RMB0.4 per option in cash.
On November 21, 2008, our board of directors approved the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of 32,000,000 ordinary shares to various directors, officers and employees pursuant to the 2007 share incentive plan. The exercise price of these options is US$0.278 per ordinary share, equal to the closing price of our ADS on the Nasdaq Global Market at the grant date (after adjusting for the 20 ordinary shares to 1 ADS ratio). The options will vest over a four-year period starting from March 31, 2010.
On March 9, 2009, our board of directors voted to grant options to purchase up to 10,000,000 ordinary shares to employees under the amended and restated 2007 share incentive plan. The exercise price of these options is US$0.336 per ordinary share, equal to the closing price of our ADS on the Nasdaq Global Select Market at the grant date (after adjusting for the 20 ordinary shares to 1 ADS ratio). These options will vest over a four-year period starting from March 31, 2010.
On February 8, 2010, our board of directors approved the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of 48,000,000 ordinary shares to various directors, officers and employees pursuant to the amended and restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan. The exercise price of these options is US$0.840 per ordinary share, equal to the closing price of our ADS on the Nasdaq Global Select Market at the grant date (after adjusting for the 20 ordinary shares to 1 ADS ratio). These options will vest over a four-year period starting from March 31, 2011.
On April 28, 2011, our board of directors approved the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of 28,400,000 ordinary shares to certain directors, officers and employees pursuant to the amended and restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan. The exercise price of these options is US$0.734 per ordinary share, equal to the closing price of our ADS on the Nasdaq Global Select Market at the grant date (after adjusting for the 20 ordinary shares to one ADS ratio). These options will vest over a four-year period starting from March 31, 2012.
Our future option grants will be made pursuant to our 2007 share incentive plan, as amended from time to time. The following paragraphs describe the principal terms of our amended and restated 2007 share incentive plan as currently in effect.
Types of Awards. The types of awards we may grant under our 2007 plan include the following:
   
options to purchase our ordinary shares;
   
restricted shares, which represent non-transferable ordinary shares, that may be subject to forfeiture, restrictions on transferability and other restrictions; and
   
restricted share units, which represent the right to receive our ordinary shares at a specified date in the future, which may be subject to forfeiture.

 

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Awards may be designated in the form of ADSs instead of ordinary shares. If we designate an award in the form of ADSs, the number of shares issuable under the 2007 share incentive plan will be adjusted to reflect the ratio of ADSs to ordinary shares.
Eligibility. We may grant awards to employees, directors and consultants of our company or any of our related entities, which include our subsidiaries or any entities in which we hold a substantial ownership interest. However, we may grant options that are intended to qualify as incentive share options, or ISOs, only to our employees and employees of our majority-owned subsidiaries.
Plan Administration. The compensation committee of our board of directors, or a committee designated by the compensation committee, will administer the 2007 plan. However, awards made to our independent directors must be approved by the entire board of directors. The compensation committee or the full board of directors, as appropriate, will determine the individuals who will receive grants, the types of awards to be granted and terms and conditions of each award grant, including any vesting or forfeiture restrictions.
Award Agreement. Awards granted under our 2007 plan will be evidenced by an award agreement that will set forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each award. In addition, in the case of options, the award agreement may also specify whether the option constitutes an ISO or a non-qualifying share option.
Acceleration of Awards upon Corporate Transactions. The outstanding awards will accelerate upon occurrence of a change-of-control corporate transaction where the successor entity does not assume our outstanding awards under the 2007 plan. In such event, each outstanding award will become fully vested and immediately exercisable, and the transfer restrictions on the awards will be released and any forfeiture provisions will terminate immediately before the date of the change-of-control transaction. If the successor entity assumes our outstanding awards and later terminates the grantee’s service without cause within 12 months of the change-of-control transaction, the outstanding awards will automatically become fully vested and exercisable.
Exercise Price and Term of Awards. The exercise price per share subject to an option will be determined by the plan administrator and set forth in the award agreement which may be a fixed or variable price related to the fair market value of our ordinary shares; provided, however, that no options may be granted to an individual subject to taxation in the United States at less than the fair market value on the date of grant. To the extent not prohibited by applicable laws or any exchange rule, a downward adjustment of the exercise prices of any outstanding options may be made in the absolute discretion of the plan administrator and will be effective without the approval of our shareholders or the approval of the affected participants. If we grant an ISO to an employee who, at the time of that grant, owns shares representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of our share capital, the exercise price cannot be less than 110% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the date of that grant. The term of each award will be stated in the award agreement. The term of an award shall not exceed 10 years from the date of the grant, except that five years is maximum term of an ISO granted to an employee who holds more than 10% of the voting power of our share capital.
Amendment and Termination. Our board of directors may at any time amend, suspend or terminate the 2007 plan. Amendments to the 2007 plan are subject to shareholder approval to the extent required by law, or stock exchange rules or regulations. Additionally, shareholder approval will be specifically required to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2007 plan or to extend the term of an option beyond ten years. Unless terminated earlier, the 2007 plan will expire and no further awards may be granted after the tenth anniversary of the shareholder approval of the 2007 plan.

 

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As of April 28, 2011, options to purchase 95,375,091 ordinary shares were outstanding. The following table summarizes, as of April 28, 2011, the outstanding options that we granted to our directors and executive officers and to other individuals as a group.
                               
    Ordinary Shares                    
    Underlying     Exercise Price (Per            
Name   Outstanding Options     Share)   Grant Date   Expiration Date
Yinan Hu
    2,600,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    1,800,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    4,500,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Qiuping Lai
    1,500,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    1,200,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    3,400,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Peng Ge
    1,500,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    1,200,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    3,350,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Chunlin Wang
    1,000,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    900,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    2,050,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Feng Jin
    1,000,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    900,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    1,435,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Yongwei Ma
    400,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Mengbo Yin
    400,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    400,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    400,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Stephen Markscheid
    400,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    400,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    600,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Allen Warren Lueth
    400,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    400,000     US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    600,000     US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
Other individuals as a group
    19,600,000     US$ 0.7340   April 28, 2011   March 31, 2017
 
    21,796,150 (1)   US$ 0.8395   February 08, 2010   March 31, 2016
 
    8,248,470     US$ 0.3360   March 09, 2009   March 31, 2015
 
    12,342,840 (2)   US$ 0.2780   November 21, 2008   March 31, 2015
 
    652,631 (3)   RMB 2.3214   February 03, 2007   February 1, 2017
 
     
(1)  
Including 1,500,000 options held by Mr. Chengbin Li, our former Vice President and head of our Life Insurance Unit.
 
(2)  
Including 1,365,000 options held by Mr. Chengbin Li, our former Vice President and head of our Life Insurance Unit.
 
(3)  
Remaining unexercised options held by Mr. David Tang, our former Chief Financial Officer.
C. Board Practices
Board of Directors
Our board of directors consists of seven directors. Under our currently effective memorandum and articles of association, a director is not required to hold any shares in our company by way of qualification. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract or arrangement in which he is materially interested. The directors may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of our company or of any third party. The directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. There is no age limit requirement for directors.

 

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In compliance with Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, a majority of our directors and all of the committee members of our board of directors are independent directors. During 2010, our board of directors met in person or passed resolutions by unanimous written consent 10 times. In addition, our independent directors held executive sessions without the presence of executive directors and executives twice during 2010. We have no specific policy with respect to director attendance at our annual general meetings of shareholders.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have established three committees under the board of directors: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the corporate governance and nominating committee, and have adopted a charter for each of the committees. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Allen Lueth (chairman), Stephen Markscheid and Mengbo Yin, all of whom satisfy the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
   
selecting the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;
   
reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;
   
reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions;
   
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;
   
reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
   
annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
   
meeting separately and periodically with management, the independent auditors and the internal auditor; and
   
reporting regularly to the full board of directors.
In 2010, our audit committee held meetings or passed resolutions by unanimous written consent five times.
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Stephen Markscheid (chairman), Allen Lueth and Yongwei Ma, all of whom satisfy the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. Our compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers, including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
   
reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our chief executive officer;
   
approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the chief executive officer;
   
reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and
   
reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans.
In 2010, our compensation committee held meetings or passed resolutions by unanimous written consent three times.

 

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Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Our corporate governance and nominating committee consists of Mengbo Yin (chairman), Allen Lueth and Stephen Markscheid, all of whom satisfy the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The corporate governance and nominating committee assists our board of directors in identifying individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The corporate governance and nominating committee is responsible for, among other things:
   
identifying and recommending to the board nominees for election or re-election to the board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;
   
reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board in light of the characteristics of independence, skills, experience and availability of service to us;
   
identifying and recommending to the board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as the corporate governance and nominating committee itself;
   
advising the board periodically with respect to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance, as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any corrective action to be taken; and
   
monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.
In 2010, our corporate governance and nominating committee held meetings or passed resolutions by unanimous written consent four times.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty of loyalty to act honestly, in good faith with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association. In certain limited circumstances, it may be possible for our company to bring a derivative action on behalf of our company if a duty owed by the directors to our company is breached.
Terms of Directors and Executive Officers
All directors hold office until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Outside of certain specified circumstances, including a director becoming bankrupt or of unsound mind or being absent from board meetings without special leave of absence for six consecutive months, a director may only be removed by the shareholders. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
D.     Employees
Employees, Sales Agents and Training
We had 1,987, 3,882 and 4,517 employees as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. The following table sets forth the number of our employees by function as of December 31, 2010:
                 
    Number of        
    Employees     % of Total  
Management and administrative staff
    2,454       54.3 %
Financial and accounting staff
    421       9.3 %
Sales and marketing staff
    145       3.2 %
Professional claims adjustors
    1,497       33.2 %
 
           
Total
    4,517       100.0 %
 
           

 

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We had contractual relationships with 28,335, 38,436 and 49,941 sales agents as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The sales agents are not our employees and are only compensated by commissions. For the sale of each property and casualty insurance policy or life insurance policy with a single premium payment schedule, we pay the sales agent who has generated the sale a single commission based on a percentage of the commission and fee we receive from the insurance company for the sale of that policy. For the sale of each life insurance policy with a periodic premium payment schedule, we pay the sales agent who has generated the sale periodic commissions based on a percentage of the commissions and fees we receive from the insurance company for the sale and renewal of that policy, up to the first five years of the premium payment period, and retain all commissions and fees we continue to receive from insurance companies for the rest of the premium payment period.
Our life insurance sales agents are typically organized into sales teams with a multilevel hierarchy. A life insurance sales agent not only receives a commission for the insurance policies that he or she sells, but also a smaller commission for insurance policies sold by agents under his or her management.
Our sales agents, in-house sales representatives and claims adjustors are our most valuable asset and are instrumental in helping us build and maintain long-term relationships with our customers. Therefore, we place a strong emphasis on training of our sales force. We provide trainings to both new sales agents and existing sales agents, on a monthly or quarterly basis, with a different emphasis. For new sales agents, we offer orientation courses that are designed to familiarize them with the industry background, regulatory environment, corporate culture, insurance products, and sales skills. For the existing sales agents, we offer on-the-job training courses that aim to enhance their sales skills and knowledge of different insurance products.
E.  
Share Ownership
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our shares, as of April 8, 2011, by:
   
each of our current directors and executive officers; and
   
each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our shares.
As of April 8, 2011, there were 1,003,270,326 ordinary shares outstanding (including 1,388,120 ordinary shares that we reserved for issuance upon the exercise of our outstanding options). Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we include shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.
                 
    Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned(1) (2)  
    Number     %  
Directors and Executive Officers:
               
Yinan Hu(3)
    185,297,368       18.4  
Qiuping Lai(4)
    27,752,285       2.8  
Peng Ge(5)
    9,675,925       1.0  
Feng Jin
    *       *  
Chunlin Wang
    *       *  
Shangzhi Wu(6)
    124,688,540       12.4  
Yongwei Ma
    *       *  
Stephen Markscheid
    *       *  
Allen Warren Lueth
    *       *  
Mengbo Yin
    *       *  
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group(7)
    355,195,662       35.0  
Principal Shareholders:
               
Kingsford Resources Limited(8)
    219,441,430       21.9  
CDH Inservice Limited(9)
    124,688,540       12.4  
FMR LLC(10)
    65,868,840       6.6  
Norges Bank (the Central Bank of Norway)(11)
    52,700,000       5.3  
 
     
*  
Less than 1% of our total outstanding ordinary shares.
 
 
Except for Dr. Wu and Mr. Ma, the business address of our directors and executive officers is c/o 22/F, Yinhai Building, No. 299 Yanjiang Zhong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510110, People’s Republic of China.

 

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(1)  
The number of shares beneficially owned by each director and executive officer includes the shares beneficially owned by such person, the shares underlying all options held by such person that have vested or will vest within 60 days after April 8, 2011. The options were granted on November 21, 2008 and February 08, 2010 under the 2007 share incentive plan.
 
(2)  
Percentage of beneficial ownership of each director and executive officer is based on 1,003,270,326 ordinary shares outstanding as of April 8, 2011 and the number of ordinary shares underlying options held by such person that have vested or will vest within 60 days after April 8, 2011.
 
(3)  
Includes 170,226,375 ordinary shares, 9,258,840 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company and 3,240,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options within 60 days after April 8, 2011 held by Mr. Hu. Mr. Hu holds approximately 87.6% of the total outstanding shares of High Rank Investments Limited, or High Rank Investments, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. High Rank Investments holds approximately 93.3% of the total outstanding shares of Kingsford Resources Limited, or Kingsford Resources, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Also includes 2,439,473 ordinary shares and 132,680 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs held by Ms. Hui Li, spouse of Mr. Hu. Ms. Li holds approximately 17.6% of the total outstanding shares of Better Rise Investments Limited, or Better Rise Investments, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Better Rise Investments owns approximately 6.7% of Kingsford Resources. Kingsford Resources holds 208,121,430 ordinary shares and 11,320,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company. Mr. Hu disclaims beneficial ownership of all of our shares held by Kingsford Resources except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
 
(4)  
Includes 24,044,465 ordinary shares, 1,307,820 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs and 2,400,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Lai who holds approximately 12.4% of the total outstanding shares of High Rank Investments. High Rank Investments holds approximately 93.3% of the total outstanding shares of Kingsford Resources. Kingsford Resources holds 208,121,430 ordinary shares and 11,320,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company. Mr. Lai disclaims beneficial ownership of all of our shares held by Kingsford Resources except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
 
(5)  
Mr. Ge holds approximately 50.0% of the total outstanding shares of Better Rise Investments which owns approximately 6.7% of Kingsford Resources. Therefore, Mr. Ge may be deemed to beneficially own, indirectly through Better Rise Investments and Kingsford Resources, approximately 6,929,045 ordinary shares and 376,880 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company. 2,370,000 ordinary shares held by Mr. Ge are issuable upon exercise of options within 60 days after April 8, 2011. Mr. Ge disclaims beneficial ownership of all of our shares held by Kingsford Resources except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
 
(6)  
Includes 91,600,000 ordinary shares and 33,088,540 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company held by CDH Inservice, a British Virgin Islands company. All of the issued and outstanding shares of CDH Inservice are owned by CDH China Growth Capital Fund II, L.P., or CDH Fund II, a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership. CDH Growth Capital Holdings, a Cayman Islands exempted limited liability company, is the general partner of CDH Fund II and has the power to direct CDH Fund II as to the voting and disposition of shares directly and indirectly held by CDH Fund II. Dr. Wu is director, managing partner and member of the investment committee of CDH Growth Capital Holdings. Dr. Wu disclaims beneficial ownership of all of our shares held by CDH Inservice except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The business address of Dr. Wu is c/o CDH China Growth Capital Holdings Company Limited, 1503 International Commerce Center, 1 Austin Road West, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
 
(7)  
Includes ordinary shares beneficially owned by all of our directors and executive officers as a group and ordinary shares underlying all options held by such persons that have vested or will vest within 60 days after April 8, 2011.
 
(8)  
Includes 208,121,430 ordinary shares and 11,320,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company held by Kingsford Resources. Approximately 93.3% of the total outstanding shares of Kingsford Resources are held by High Rank Investments, which is 87.6% owned by Mr. Yinan Hu, our chairman and chief executive officer, and 12.4% owned by Mr. Qiuping Lai, our president. The remaining 6.7% of the total outstanding shares of Kingsford Resources are held by Better Rise Investments, which is owned by two of our executive officers, one former executive officer and Mr. Yinan Hu’s wife. The registered address of Kingsford Resources is Beaufort House, P.O. Box 438, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
 
(9)  
Includes 91,600,000 ordinary shares and 33,088,540 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our company held by CDH Inservice. All of the issued and outstanding shares of CDH Inservice are owned by CDH Fund II, a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership. CDH Growth Capital Holdings, a Cayman Islands exempted limited liability company, is the general partner of CDH Fund II and has the power to direct CDH Fund II as to the voting and disposition of shares directly and indirectly held by CDH Fund II. The investment committee of CDH Growth Capital Holdings is comprised of Wu Shangzhi and two other individuals. Changes to the investment committee require the approval of the directors of CDH Growth Capital Holdings. The directors of CDH Growth Capital Holdings are nominated by the principal shareholders of CDH Growth Capital Holdings, being (i) an affiliate of Capital Z Partners, (ii) an affiliate of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation, and (iii) China Diamond Holdings II, L.P., a British Virgin Islands limited partnership controlled by senior members of the CDH Fund II investment team. CDH Growth Capital Holdings disclaims beneficial ownership of all of our shares held by CDH Inservice except to the extent of its pecuniary interest therein. The registered address of CDH Inservice is c/o Maples Finance BVI Limited, P.O. Box 173, Kingston Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
 
(10)  
Represents 65,868,840 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our Company held by FMR LLC, as reported on Schedule 13G filed by FRM LLC on April 8, 2011. The percentage of beneficial ownership was calculated based on the total number of our ordinary shares outstanding as of April 8, 2011. The address of FMR LLC is 82 Devonshire Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
 
(11)  
Represents 52,700,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs of our Company held by Norges Bank, as reported on Schedule 13G filed by Norges Bank on February 15, 2011. The percentage of beneficial ownership was calculated based on the total number of our ordinary shares outstanding as of April 8, 2011. The address of Norges Bank is Bankplassen 2, PO Box 1179 Sentrum, NO 0107 Oslo, Norway.

 

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None of our existing shareholders have different voting rights from other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company. As of April 8, 2011, J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., or J.P. Morgan, the depositary for our ADS program, is our only record holder in the U.S., holding approximately 70.13% of our total outstanding ordinary shares. The number of beneficial owners of our ADSs in the United States is likely much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary shares in the United States.
Item 7.  
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
A.  
Major Shareholders
Please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — E. Share Ownership.”
B.  
Related Party Transactions
Acquisition of Equity Interest in China Financial Services Group Limited
In October 2009, we acquired a 20.58% equity interest in CFSG through our investment in Sincere Fame for RMB85.5 million. China United Financial Services, the predecessor of CFSG, started its business as Guangdong Nanfeng Automobile Association Co., Ltd., co-founded in 1998 by Mr. Yinan Hu, our chairman and CEO, and Mr. Qiuping Lai, our president. Prior to the transaction, CFSG was controlled by one of our principal shareholders, Cathay Capital Group. Additionally, prior to the transaction, members of our senior management held an approximately 8.57% equity interest in CFSG. Mr. Hu and Mr. Lai served on CFSG’s board of directors since November 2006. They have retained their directorships after the transaction, and Mr. Hu now serves as the chairman of the board of CFSG. In July 2010, we paid RMB39.5 million to subscribe for an additional 12,543 ordinary shares of Sincere Fame.
Amounts Due from Affiliates
As of December 31, 2010, amount due from an affiliate represented RMB20.0 million receivable from a subsidiary of CFSG. This amount was subsequently settled on January 4, 2011.
Amounts Due from/to Noncontrolling Shareholders
On November 1, 2008, we acquired 55.0% equity interests of Datong for a total consideration of up to RMB220.0 million. In connection with this acquisition, Mr. Lin, the selling shareholder of Datong, agreed to make a RMB180.0 million security deposit to us to guarantee certain financial and operating targets by Datong. In addition, Mr. Lin agreed to contribute RMB20.0 million to Datong’s capital reserve within two years of completion of the acquisition. We received the RMB180.0 million deposit from Mr. Lin on February 9, 2009. As of December 31, 2010, amounts due from Mr. Lin were RMB20.0 million, representing the unpaid RMB20.0 million additional paid-in capital injection. In March 2011, we sold 55.0% of the equity interest of Datong to Warburg Pincus LLC. Pursuant to the share transfer agreement, Mr. Lin was exempted from the obligation to pay the RMB20.0 million additional paid-in capital injection. As of December 31, 2010, amounts due to Mr. Lin were RMB30.0 million, representing the contingent consideration payable to Mr. Lin as Datong met the performance target for 2010. Such contingent consideration payable was subsequently settled in 2011. The remaining deposit was returned to Mr. Lin in full upon completion of the transaction.
Contractual Arrangements with Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment, Xinbao Investment, Their Shareholders and Their Subsidiaries
PRC laws and regulations restrict foreign investment in and ownership of insurance agencies and brokerages. We conduct our operations in China principally through contractual arrangements among our PRC subsidiaries, three affiliated entities in China, Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment, the shareholders and the subsidiaries of Meidiya Investment, Yihe Investment and Xinbao Investment. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”

 

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Shareholders Agreement
Upon completion of our restructuring in July 2007, we and our then existing shareholders entered into a new shareholders agreement, which replaced a shareholders agreement entered into in December 2005. Among other things, the shareholders agreement grants certain of our shareholders customary registration rights, including demand and piggyback registration rights and Form F-3 registration rights. Other than the provisions relating to registration rights, the new shareholders agreement terminated upon the completion of our initial public offering.
Employment Agreements
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—A. Directors and Senior Management—Employment Agreements” for a description of the employment agreements we have entered into with our senior executive officers.
Share Options
Please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation.”
C.  
Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
Item 8.  
Financial Information
A.  
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Legal Proceedings
We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are not currently a party to, nor are we aware of, any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Dividend Policy
On April 23, 2010, our board of directors approved a cash dividend of US$0.013 per ordinary share, equivalent to US$0.26 per ADS, which amounted to a total payment of US$11,862,469.85. The cash dividend was paid on or around June 10, 2010 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 20, 2010.
On May 21, 2009, our board of directors approved a cash dividend of US$0.011 per ordinary share, equivalent to US$0.22 per ADS, which amounted to a total payment of US$10,037,475. The cash dividend was distributed on or around July 15, 2009 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on June 26, 2009.
Our board of directors has full discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Any dividend we declare will be distributed by the depositary bank to the holders of our ADSs. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.

 

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We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely on dividends from our subsidiaries in China to fund our payment of dividends, if any, to our shareholders. Current PRC regulations permit our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside a certain amount of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserves. These reserves may not be distributed as cash dividends. Further, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Furthermore, there are still uncertainties under the new PRC EIT law and the related regulations regarding whether the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiaries or dividends paid to our shareholders will be subject to PRC withholding tax. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Our global income or the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiaries may be subject to PRC tax under the EIT Law, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Under the EIT Law, dividends payable by us and gains on the disposition of our shares or ADSs could be subject to PRC taxation.”
B.  
Significant Changes
We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
Item 9.  
The Offer and Listing
A.  
Offer and Listing Details
The following table provides the high and low trading prices for our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Select Market since January 2, 2009 (and Nasdaq Global Market from October 31, 2007 to January 1, 2009) for the periods indicated.
                 
    Sales Price  
    High     Low  
    US$     US$  
 
               
Annual High and Low
               
2007 (from October 31)
    28.74       12.00  
2008
    16.63       5.44  
2009
    24.74       6.26  
2010
    28.62       15.33  
 
               
Quarterly Highs and Lows
               
First Quarter of 2009
    9.59       6.26  
Second Quarter of 2009
    14.20       7.00  
Third Quarter of 2009
    24.74       12.92  
Fourth Quarter of 2009
    24.64       18.42  
First Quarter of 2010
    27.46       16.49  
Second Quarter of 2010
    28.62       20.25  
Third Quarter of 2010
    27.67       20.13  
Fourth Quarter of 2010
    26.74       15.33  
First Quarter of 2011
    20.88       11.42  
 
               
Monthly Highs and Lows
               
November 2010
    26.74       18.50  
December 2010
    22.37       15.33  
January 2011
    20.88       16.41  
February 2011
    18.37       16.64  
March 2011
    18.22       11.42  
April 2011
    15.60       12.40  
May 2011 (through May 3)
    15.35       14.14  

 

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B.  
Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C.  
Markets
Our ADSs, each representing 20 ordinary shares, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market since January 2, 2009 under the symbol “CISG.” From October 31, 2007 until January 1, 2009, our ADSs were listed on the Nasdaq Global Market.
D.  
Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E.  
Dilution
Not applicable.
F.  
Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
Item 10.  
Additional Information
A.  
Share Capital
Not applicable.
B.  
Memorandum and Articles of Association
The following are summaries of material provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, including certain amendments adopted by our shareholders at the annual general meeting of shareholders held on December 18, 2008, as well as the Companies Law (2010 Revision) insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.
Registered Office and Objects
The registered office of our company is at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands, or at such other place as our board of directors may from time to time decide. The objects for which our company is established are unrestricted and we have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Companies Law (2010 Revision) or as the same may be revised from time to time, or any other law of the Cayman Islands.
Board of Directors
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—C. Board Practices—Board of Directors.”
Ordinary Shares
General. Our authorized share capital consists of 10,000,000,000 shares, with a par value of US$0.001 each. All of our outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.

 

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Dividend Rights. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the Companies Law.
Voting Rights. On a show of hands, each shareholder present in person or by proxy (or, for a corporation or other non-natural person, present by its duly authorised representative or proxy) at general meeting shall have one vote and on a poll, shall have one vote for each share registered in his name in the register of members of the Company. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman of the meeting or by any one or more shareholders together holding at least ten percent of our paid up voting share capital, present in person or by proxy.
A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of shareholders holding in aggregate not less than one-third of our issued voting share capital present in person or by proxy or, if a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative. We may, but are not obliged, to hold an annual general meeting of shareholders. General meetings may be convened by our board of directors on its own initiative or upon a request to the directors by shareholders holding in aggregate not less than one-third of our voting share capital. Advance notice of at least 14 days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other shareholders meetings.
An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting. A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect certain changes by ordinary resolution, including consolidating and dividing all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares, and canceling any shares which have not been taken or agreed to be taken.
Transfer of Shares. Subject to the restrictions of our articles of association, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board.
Liquidation. On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of shares), assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares may be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares as determined by the liquidator, subject to sanction of an ordinary resolution of our company.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption and Repurchase of Shares. Subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and our articles of association, we may issue shares on terms that they are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as we may determine before the issue of such shares. We also may purchase our own shares, provided that our shareholders have approved the manner of purchase by ordinary resolution or the manner of purchase is in accordance with that specified in our articles of association. The manner of purchase specified in our articles of association, which cover purchases of shares listed on an internationally recognized stock exchange and shares not so listed, is in accordance with Section 37(2) of the Companies Law or any modification or reenactment thereof for the time being in force.
Variations of Rights of Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, be varied either with the written consent of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we make our annual reports, which contain our audited financial statements, available to our shareholders. See “Item 10. Additional Information—H. Documents on Display.”

 

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C.  
Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in “Item 4. Information on the Company” or elsewhere in this annual report.
D.  
Exchange Controls
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Exchange.”
E.  
Taxation
The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, PRC and United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.
Cayman Islands Taxation
According to Maples and Calder, our Cayman Islands counsel, the Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. No Cayman Islands stamp duty will be payable unless an instrument is executed in, or brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands, or produced before a court of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payment made to or by our Company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
PRC Taxation
Under the former PRC Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises, any dividends payable by foreign-invested enterprises to non-PRC investors were exempt from any PRC withholding tax. In addition, any interest or dividends payable, or distributions made, by us to holders or beneficial owners of our ADSs or ordinary shares would not have been subject to any PRC tax, provided that such holders or beneficial owners, including individuals and enterprises, were not deemed to be PRC residents under the PRC tax law and had not become subject to PRC tax.
Under the EIT Law, which took effect as of January 1, 2008, enterprises established under the laws of non-PRC jurisdictions but whose “de facto management body” is located in China are considered “resident enterprises” for PRC tax purposes. Under the implementation regulations issued by the State Council relating to the new law, “de facto management bodies” are defined as the bodies that have material and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. Substantially all of our management are currently based in China, and may remain in China in the future. If we were treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes, we would be subject to PRC income tax on our worldwide income at a uniform tax rate of 25%, but dividends received by us from our PRC subsidiaries may be exempt from the income tax.
Under the new law and its implementation regulations, dividends paid to a non-PRC investor are generally subject to a 10% PRC withholding tax, if such dividends are derived from sources within China and the non-PRC investor is considered to be a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place of business within China or if the dividends paid have no connection with the non-PRC investor’s establishment or place of business within China, unless such tax is eliminated or reduced under an applicable tax treaty. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or shares by such investor is also subject to a 10% PRC withholding tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within China, unless such tax is eliminated or reduced under an applicable tax treaty.
If we were considered a PRC “resident enterprise,” it is possible that the dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares, or the gain you may realize from the transfer of our ADSs or ordinary shares, would be treated as income derived from sources within China and be subject to the 10% PRC withholding tax.

 

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United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below) under current law of an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares. This discussion applies only to U.S. Holders that hold the ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This discussion is based on the tax laws of the United States as in effect on the date of this annual report and on U.S. Treasury regulations in effect or, in some cases, proposed as of the date of this annual report, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below.
The following discussion does not deal with the tax consequences to any particular investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:
   
banks and other financial institutions;
   
insurance companies;
   
broker-dealers;
   
traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;
   
tax-exempt entities;
   
persons liable for alternative minimum tax;
   
U.S. expatriates;
   
regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;
   
persons holding an ADS or ordinary share as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction;
   
persons who acquired ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;
   
persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock; or
   
partnerships or other pass-through entities, or persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares through such entities.
In addition, the discussion below does not describe any tax consequences arising out of the recently enacted Medicare tax on certain “net investment income.”

 

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INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL TAX RULES TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AS WELL AS THE STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ADSs OR ORDINARY SHARES.
The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to you if you are a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary shares and you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
   
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
   
a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
   
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
   
a trust that (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions; or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
If you are a partner in a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, your tax treatment will generally depend on your status and the activities of the partnership.
The discussion below assumes that the representations contained in the deposit agreement are true and that the obligations in the deposit agreement and any related agreement have been and will be complied with in accordance with their terms. If you hold our ADSs, you should be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that U.S. holders of ADSs may be claiming foreign tax credits in situations where an intermediary in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and the issuer of the security underlying the ADS has taken actions inconsistent with the ownership of the underlying security by the person claiming the credit. Such actions (for example, a pre-release of an ADS by a depositary) may also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders of ADSs, including individual U.S. holders (discussed below). Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by the U.S. Treasury or the depositary.
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of any distributions we make to you with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be included in your gross income as dividend income on the date of actual or constructive receipt by the depositary, in the case of ADSs, or by you, in the case of ordinary shares, but only to the extent the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). To the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), such excess amount will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your ADSs or ordinary shares, and then, to the extent such excess amount exceeds your tax basis, as capital gain. We currently do not, and we do not intend to, calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be reported as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above. Any dividends we pay will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, dividends will be “qualified dividend income” that is taxed at the lower applicable capital gains rate, provided certain conditions are satisfied, including (1) our ADSs or ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of a qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are neither a passive foreign investment company nor treated as such with respect to you for our taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Based on U.S. Treasury guidance, we expect the ADSs will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States for purposes of clause (1) above so long as they remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. If we are deemed to be a “resident enterprise” under PRC tax law (see “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—PRC Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income for any dividends paid with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares and any possible change in law relating to the availability of such lower rate for dividends paid by us.

 

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Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the dividends are qualified dividend income (discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will generally be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income and divided by the highest tax rate normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, any dividends distributed by us with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares will be “passive category income” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “general category income.” In addition, if PRC withholding taxes apply to dividends paid to you with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares (see “Item 10. Additional Information—E.Taxation—PRC Taxation”), subject to certain conditions and limitations, such PRC withholding taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability. The rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex, and you should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of a foreign tax credit in your particular circumstances.
Taxation of Disposition of the ADSs or Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of an ADS or ordinary share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the ADS or ordinary share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the ADS or ordinary share. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the ADS or ordinary share for more than one year, you will be eligible for reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Any gain or loss you recognize on a disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. However, if we are deemed to be a “resident enterprise” under PRC tax law and PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares (see “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—PRC Taxation”), a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the treaty may elect to treat such gain as PRC source income. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of gain or loss in your particular circumstances.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Based on the market price of our ADSs, the value of our assets, and the composition of our income and assets, we do not believe we were a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. A non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year if either:
   
at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income; or
   
at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”).
For this purpose, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In applying this rule, however, it is not clear whether the contractual arrangements between us and our affiliated entities will be treated as ownership of stock.
We must make a separate determination after the close of each taxable year as to whether we were a PFIC for that year. The composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we use the cash we generate from our operations and raise in any offering. Because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs or ordinary shares, fluctuations in the market price of the ADSs or ordinary shares may cause us to become a PFIC. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold ADSs or ordinary shares, we will generally continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to you for all succeeding years during which you hold the ADSs or ordinary shares, unless we cease to be a PFIC and you make a “deemed sale” election with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares, as applicable. If such election is made, you will be deemed to have sold the ADSs or ordinary shares you hold at their fair market value and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the rules described in the following two paragraphs. After the deemed sale election, your ADSs or ordinary shares with respect to which such election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC unless we subsequently become a PFIC.

 

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For each taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” you receive and any gain you recognize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ADSs or ordinary shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
   
the excess distribution or recognized gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares;
   
the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable years in your holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and
   
the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, for each such year, and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or excess distribution cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) from a sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets.
If we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you for any taxable year, to the extent any of our subsidiaries are also PFICs or we make direct or indirect equity investments in other entities that are PFICs, you will be deemed to own shares in such lower-tier PFICs directly or indirectly owned by us in the proportion that the value of the ADSs or ordinary shares you own bears to the value of all of our ADSs and ordinary shares, and you may be subject to the rules described in the preceding two paragraphs with respect to the shares of such lower-tier PFICs that you would be deemed to own. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) of a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains. If you make a mark-to-market election for our ADSs or ordinary shares, you will include in income for each year that we are a PFIC an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ADSs or ordinary shares you hold as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such ADSs or ordinary shares. You will be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the ADSs or ordinary shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions will be allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ADSs or ordinary shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as any gain from the actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment will apply to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the ADSs or ordinary shares, as well as to any loss from the actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such ADSs or ordinary shares. Your basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, any distributions we make would generally be subject to the tax rules discussed above under “—Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares,” except the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income would not apply.
The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in greater than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. Our ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which is a qualified exchange or other market for these purposes. Consequently, if the ADSs continue to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and are regularly traded, and you are a holder of ADSs, we expect the mark-to-market election would be available to you if we become a PFIC. Because a mark-to-market election cannot be made for equity interests in any lower-tier PFICs that we own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains with respect to its indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock of a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” election with respect to such corporation to elect out of the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains. A U.S. Holder that makes a valid qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s income for the taxable year. However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain tax information as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election.

 

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Unless otherwise provided by the U.S. Treasury, each U.S. shareholder of a PFIC is required to file an annual report containing such information as the U.S. Treasury may require. If we become a PFIC, you should consult your tax advisors regarding any reporting requirements that may apply to you.
You should consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the Internal Revenue Service and possible U.S. backup withholding, unless the conditions of an applicable exception are satisfied. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder that furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or that is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders that are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. Certain individuals holding the ADSs or ordinary shares other than in an account at certain financial institutions may be subject to additional information reporting requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information in a timely manner.
F.  
Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G.  
Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H.  
Documents on Display
We previously filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146605) and a prospectus under the Securities Act with respect to the ordinary shares represented by the ADSs. We also filed with the SEC a related registration statement on Form F-6 (File Number 333-146765) with respect to the ADSs.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. All documents filed by us with the SEC can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.
We intend to furnish J.P. Morgan, the depositary of our ADSs, with all notices of shareholders’ meeting and other reports and communications that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and, upon our written request, will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders’ meeting received by the depositary from us.

 

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In accordance with Rule 5250(d) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we will post this annual report on Form 20-F on our website at http://www.corpasia.net/us/CISG/irwebsite/index.php?mod=filings. In addition, we will provide hard copies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders and ADS holders upon request.
I.  
Subsidiary Information
For a list of our subsidiaries as of April 8, 2011, see Exhibit 8.1 to this annual report.
Item 11.  
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by bank deposits and short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk, and our future interest income may be lower than expected. We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. We have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. As of December 31, 2010, we had no short-term or long-term bank borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to additional interest rate risk.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in RMB. Our exposure to foreign exchange risk primarily relates to cash and cash equivalent denominated in U.S. dollars resulting from a private placement completed in December 2005 and proceeds from our initial public offering. We have not hedged exposures denominated in foreign currencies using any derivative financial instruments. Although in general, our exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited, the value of your investment in our ADSs will be affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RMB because the value of our business is effectively denominated in RMB, while the ADSs will be traded in U.S. dollars.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the current policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately more than 20% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar over the following five years. To the extent that we need to convert our U.S. dollar-denominated assets into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Based on the amount of our U.S. dollar-denominated financial assets as of December 31, 2010, a 10% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a decrease of RMB20.2 million (US$3.1 million) in the value of our U.S. dollar-denominated financial assets. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB denominated cash amounts into U.S. dollars amounts for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.
Item 12.  
Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
A.  
Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B.  
Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C.  
Other Securities
Not applicable.

 

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D.  
American Depositary Shares
D.3 Fees Payable by ADS Holders
We have appointed J.P. Morgan as our depositary. A copy of our Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement with J.P. Morgan was filed with the SEC as an exhibit to our Form F-1 registration statement initially filed on October 10, 2007, or the Deposit Agreement. Pursuant to the Deposit Agreement, holders of our ADSs may have to pay to J.P. Morgan, either directly or indirectly, fees or charges up to the amounts set forth in the table below.
         
Category   Depositary Actions   Associated Fees
 
 
(a) Depositing or substituting
the underlying shares
  Each person to whom ADRs are issued against deposits of shares, including deposits and issuances in respect of:
    Share distributions, stock split, rights, merger
  US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the new ADRs delivered
 
 
    Exchange of securities or any other transaction or event or other distribution affecting the ADSs or the Deposited Securities
   
 
 
(b) Receiving or distributing
dividends
  Distribution of dividends   US$0.02 or less per ADS
 
 
(c) Selling or exercising
rights
  Distribution or sale of securities, the fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been charged as a result of the deposit of such securities   US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof)
 
 
(d) Withdrawing an underlying
security
  Acceptance of ADRs surrendered for withdrawal of deposited securities   US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the ADRs surrendered
 
 
(e) Transferring, splitting or grouping receipts
  Transfers, combining or grouping of depositary receipts   US$1.50 per ADS
 
 
(f) General depositary services, particularly those charged on an annual basis.
 
     Other services performed by the depositary in administering the ADRs
     Provide information about the depositary’s right, if any, to collect fees and charges by offsetting them against dividends received and deposited securities
  US$0.02 per ADS (or portion thereof) not more than once each calendar year and payable at the sole discretion of the depositary by billing Holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions
 
 
(g) Expenses of the depositary
  Expenses incurred on behalf of Holders in connection with
     Compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment
     The depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with applicable law, rule or regulation
     Stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges
     Cable, telex, facsimile transmission/delivery
     Expenses of the depositary in connection with the conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars (which are paid out of such foreign currency)
     Any other charge payable by depositary or its agents
  Expenses payable at the sole discretion of the depositary by billing Holders or by deducting charges from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions

 

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D.4. Payment from the Depositary
Direct Payments
J.P. Morgan, as depositary, has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable company expenses related to our ADR program and incurred by us in connection with the program. For the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, the depositary reimbursed US$0.5 million and US$0.9 million, respectively. The amounts the depositary reimbursed are not perforce related to the fees collected by the depositary from ADR holders. The table below sets forth the types of expenses that J.P. Morgan has agreed to reimburse and the amounts reimbursed for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.
                 
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    (in thousands of US$)  
Investor relations(1)
    296.4       243.7  
Directors and officers liability insurance
    103.6       96.9  
Legal fees incurred in connection with preparation of Form 20-F and ongoing SEC compliance and listing requirements
    55.6       172.5  
Broker reimbursements(2)
    5.4        
Listing fees
          42.5  
Advertising and public relations
           
Consulting services fee in connection with SOX Compliance
          330.0  
Others
    3.2       42.7  
 
     
(1)  
Includes expenses in relation with roadshows, press release distribution, maintenance of investor relations website and printing.
 
(2)  
Broker reimbursements are fees payable to proxy agents and other service providers for the distribution of proxy materials to beneficial ADR holders.
Indirect Payment
As part of its service to the Company, J.P. Morgan has agreed to waive fees for the standard costs associated with the administration of the ADR Program, associated operating expenses and investor relations advice amounting to US$255,000 each year.
J.P. Morgan has paid no expenses on our behalf. The table below sets forth the fees that J.P. Morgan has agreed to waive and/or expenses that J.P. Morgan has agreed to pay for the year ended December 31, 2010.
                 
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    (in thousands of US$)  
Third-party expenses paid indirectly
           
Fee waived
    255       255  
PART II
Item 13.  
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None.
Item 14.  
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
A. — D. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders
None.

 

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E.  
Use of Proceeds
Our registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146605) for our initial public offering was declared effective by the SEC on October 30, 2007. On November 5, 2007, we completed our initial public offering after all of the registered securities were sold. Morgan Stanley was the managing underwriter for the offering.
We received net proceeds of approximately US$163.7 million from our initial public offering. From October 30, 2007, the effective date of our registration statement on Form F-1 for the offering, to December 31, 2010, we used our net proceeds as follows:
   
approximately US$3.0 million to fund establishment of new insurance intermediary companies;
   
approximately US$151.1 million to fund acquisitions; and
   
approximately US$9.6 million to construct our operating platform.
On July 14, 2010, we completed a follow-on public offering of 4,600,000 ADSs, each representing 20 ordinary shares. The ordinary shares underlying the ADSs offered and sold were registered pursuant to our automatic shelf registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-168009) filed with the SEC on July 7, 2010. Morgan Stanley and BofA Merrill Lynch acted as joint bookrunners of this offering. We received net proceeds of approximately US$109.7 million. As of April 8, 2011, the net proceeds have not been used and are designated for funding the establishment of an e-commerce insurance platform, insurance brokerage business, consumer credit brokerage business and wealth management business.
None of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and the follow-on offering were paid directly or indirectly to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates.
Item 15.  
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act.
Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Rule 13a-15(c) of the Exchange Act, based on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

 

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Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of CNinsure Inc.:
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of CNinsure Inc. its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (collectively, the “Group”) as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Group’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010 of the Group, and our report dated May 4, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule.
/s/Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Hong Kong
May 4, 2011
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of 17 CFR 240.13a-15 that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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Item 16A.  
Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our board of directors has determined that Allen Lueth, an independent director (under the standards set forth in Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act) and member of our audit committee, is an audit committee financial expert.
Item 16B.  
Code of Ethics
Our board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics on our investor relations website at http://www.corpasia.net/us/CISG/irwebsite/index.php?mod=governance.
Item 16C.  
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, our independent registered public accounting firm, for the periods indicated.
                 
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    (in thousands of US$)  
Audit fees(1)
    2,248       1,962  
Audit-related fees(2)
    35       100  
Tax fees(3)
    24       48  
All other fees
           
 
     
(1)  
“Audit fees” meant the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of quarterly financial statements included in our reports on Form 6-K, services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
 
(2)  
“Audit-related fees” meant the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for assurance and related services by our independent registered public accounting firm that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit fees.” The fees billed in 2009 comprised US$30,300 for review of F-3 registration statement and US$5,100 for S-8 registration statements. The fee billed in 2010 comprised US$100,000 for review of F-3 registration statement for the follow-on offering.
 
(3)  
“Tax fees” meant the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. The fees billed in 2009 and 2010 represented tax consultant fees for transfer pricing.
The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm, including audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services as described above, other than those for de minimis services which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit.
Item 16D.  
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E.  
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
No equity securities of our company were purchased by or on behalf of our company or any “affiliated purchaser” (as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act) of our company in the year ended December 31, 2009. In November and December 2008, our board of directors and shareholders respectively approved a share repurchase plan, pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to US$20 million of our ordinary shares represented by ADSs by the end of 2009. In December 3, 2010, our board of directors approved another share repurchase plan, pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to US$100 million of our ordinary shares represented by ADSs by June 30, 2011. As of December 31, 2010, we had repurchased 331,059 ADSs, equivalent to 6,621,180 ADSs for an aggregate price of approximately US$5.6 million on the open market. As of April 8, 2011, we had purchased 486,370 ADSs, equivalent to 9,727,400 ordinary shares, for an aggregate price of approximately US$7.7 million on the open market.

 

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Item 16F.  
Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
Item 16G.  
Corporate Governance
NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year-end. However, NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5615(a)(3) permits foreign private issuers like us to follow “home country practice” in certain corporate governance matters. Maples and Calder, our Cayman Islands counsel, has provided a letter to the NASDAQ Stock Market certifying that under Cayman Islands law, we are not required to hold annual shareholder meetings every year. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual meeting of shareholders in 2009 and 2010. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.
Other than the annual meeting practice described above, there are no significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those followed by U.S. domestic companies under NASDAQ Stock Market Rules.
PART III
Item 17.  
Financial Statements
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
Item 18.  
Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of CNinsure Inc. and its subsidiaries are included at the end of this annual report.
Item 19.  
Exhibits
         
Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
  1.1    
Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  1.2    
Amendments to the Articles of Association adopted by the shareholders of the Registrant on December 18, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of our report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on December 22, 2008)
       
 
  2.1    
Registrant’s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  2.2    
Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  2.3    
Form of Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, the depositary and holder of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.1    
2007 Share Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective December 18, 2008) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of our report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on December 22, 2008)
       
 
  4.2    
Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant’s directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)

 

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Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
  4.3    
Form of Director Agreement with Independent Directors of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.4    
Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and an Executive Officer of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 15, 2009)
       
 
  4.5    
English translation of Form of Loan Agreement between Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (previously known as Yiqiman Enterprise Management Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.) and each shareholder of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (or Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.6    
English translation of Form of Equity Pledge Agreement among Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., each shareholder of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (or Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd.) and Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (or Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.7    
English translation of Form of Irrevocable Power of Attorney issued by each shareholder of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.8    
English translation of Form of Exclusive Purchase Option Agreement among Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., each shareholder of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (or Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd.), and Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (or Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.9    
English translation of Form of Trademark Licensing Agreement between Beijing Ruisike Management Consulting Company Limited and some of the insurance agency and brokerage subsidiaries of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.10    
English translation of Form of Employment Agreement between an acquired company and its founder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  4.11    
English translation of Form of Technology Consulting and Service Agreement between Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and some of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on June 20, 2008)
       
 
  4.12    
English translation of Form of Consulting and Service Agreement between Fanhua Zhonglian Enterprise Image Planning (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Haidileji Enterprise Image Planning (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.) and some of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on June 20, 2008)
       
 
  4.13    
English translation of Form of Credit and Liability Transfer Agreement among a former shareholder of Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (or Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd.), Mr. Peng Ge and Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 15, 2009)
       
 
  4.14    
English translation of Share Transfer Agreement between CISG Holdings Ltd. and Keep High Holdings Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 15, 2009)

 

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Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
  4.15    
English translation of Shareholders Agreement among Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd., Mr. Keping Lin and Chengdu Mingxia Industrial Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 15, 2009)
       
 
  4.16    
English translation of Supplemental Agreement I dated June 30, 2009 (to the Shareholders Agreement dated September 17, 2008) between Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Mr. Keping Lin(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 7, 2010)
       
 
  4.17    
English translation of Supplemental Agreement II dated November 20, 2009 (to the Shareholders Agreement dated September 17, 2008 and the supplemental agreement dated June 30, 2009) between Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Mr. Keping Lin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Commission on May 7, 2010)
       
 
  4.18 *  
Supplemental Subscription and Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement relating to Inscom Holding Limited dated April 27, 2011 among InsCom HK Limited, InsCom Group Limited, InsCom Holding Limited, Apollo & Muse Holding Limited, Clever Star Holdings Limited, CISG Holdings Ltd. and Subscription and Shares Purchase and Shareholders Agreement dated July 29, 2010 among the same parties.
       
 
  4.19 *  
Deed of Adherence relating to InsCom Holding Limited dated October 29, 2010 among InsCom Holding Limited, InsCom Group Limited, InsCom HK Limited, Apollo & Muse Holding Limited, Clever Star Holdings Limited, CISG Holdings Ltd., Wang Strategic Capital Partners (II) Limited, Harbor Pacific Capital Partners I, LP
       
 
  4.20 *  
Subscription and Share Purchase Agreement relating to InsCom Holding Limited dated October 29, 2010 among InsCom Holding Limited, InsCom Group Limited, InsCom HK Limited, Apollo & Muse Holding Limited, Clever Star Holdings Limited, Wang Strategic Capital Partners (II) Limited, Harbour Pacific Capital Partners I, LP
       
 
  4.21 *  
Put Option Agreement dated October 29, 2010 among Hu Yinan, Apollo & Muse Holding Limited, Wang Strategic Capital Partners (II) Limited and Harbor Pacific Capital Partners I, LP
       
 
  4.22 *  
English translation of Loan Agreement dated December 3, 2010 between Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Chunlin Wang
       
 
  4.23 *  
English translation of Equity Pledge Contract dated December 3, 2010 between Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Chunlin Wang and Shenzhen Xinbao Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.24 *  
English translation of Exclusive Purchase Option Contract dated December 3, 2010 among Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Chunlin Wang and Shenzhen Xinbao Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.25 *  
English translation of Power of Attorney dated December 3, 2010 of Chunlin Wang
       
 
  4.26 *  
English translation of Loan Agreement dated December 3, 2010 between Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Yuan Tian
       
 
  4.27 *  
English translation of Equity Pledge Contract dated December 3, 2010 between Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Yuan Tian and Shenzhen Xinbao Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.28 *  
English translation of Exclusive Purchase Option Contract dated December 3, 2010 among Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Yuan Tian and Shenzhen Xinbao Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.29 *  
English translation of Power of Attorney dated December 3, 2010 of Yuan Tian
       
 
  4.30 *  
Share Subscription Agreement dated December 24, 2010 among Datong International Holdings Limited, Winner Sight Global Limited, CISG Holdings Ltd., Keping Lin, Expert Central Limited and Mancini Holdings Limited

 

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Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
  4.31 *  
Share Purchase Agreement dated March 24, 2011 among Winner Sight Global Limited, CNinsure Inc., CISG Holdings Ltd., Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd., Keping Lin, Expert Central Limited, Mancini Holdings Limited, Datong International Holdings Limited, Datong Group Limited, Beijing Dahua Rongjin Information Technology Limited, Beijing Fanhua Datong Investment Management Co., Ltd. and Datong Insurance Sales and Services Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.32 *  
English translation of Share Transfer Agreement dated March 24, 2011 between Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Beijing Min Si Lian Hua Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.33 *  
English translation of Supplemental Agreement (to the Share Transfer Agreement dated March 24, 2011) dated March 24, 2011 between Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. and Beijing Min Si Lian Hua Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.34 *  
English translation of Settlement Agreement (Shareholders Agreement) dated March 24, 2011 among Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd., Mr. Keping Lin and Beijing Fanhua Datong Investment Management Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.35 *  
English translation of Form of Consulting and Service Agreement made with Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.36 *  
English translation of Form of Consulting and Service Agreement made with Fanhua Zhonnglian Enterprise Image Planning (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
       
 
  4.37 *  
English translation of Form of IT Platform Service Agreement made with Litian Zhuoyue Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
       
 
  8.1 *  
Subsidiaries and Consolidated Affiliated Entities of the Registrant
       
 
  11.1    
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-146605), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 10, 2007)
       
 
  12.1 *  
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
       
 
  12.2 *  
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
       
 
  13.1 *  
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
       
 
  13.2 *  
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
       
 
  15.1 *  
Consent of Maples and Calder
       
 
  15.2 *  
Consent of Commerce & Finance Law Offices
       
 
  15.3 *  
Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
 
     
*  
Filed with this Annual Report on Form 20-F

 

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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
         
  CNINSURE INC.
 
 
  By:   /s/ Yinan Hu   
    Name:   Yinan Hu   
    Title:   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer   
Date: May 4, 2011

 

 


Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of CNinsure Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CNinsure Inc. (the “Company”), its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (the “Group”) as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Our audits also include the financial statement schedule of the Company included in schedule 1. These consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibilities of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CNinsure Inc., its subsidiaries and variable interest entities as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated May 4, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting.
Our audits also comprehended the translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts and, in our opinion, such translation has been made in conformity with the basis stated in Note 2. Such United States dollar amounts are presented solely for the convenience of readers in the United States of America.
/s/Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Hong Kong
May 4, 2011

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                         
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     US$  
ASSETS:
                       
Current assets:
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
    1,457,890       1,924,884       291,649  
Restricted cash
    1,957       9,177       1,390  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful amounts of RMB2,136 and RMB5,790 (US$877) as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively
    181,360       243,175       36,845  
Insurance premium receivables
    230       92       14  
Other receivables (Note 4)
    52,108       67,034       10,157  
Deferred tax assets (Note 11)
    2,602       5,691       862  
Amounts due from related parties (Note 15)
    25,337       40,000       6,061  
Other current assets
    6,015       12,372       1,874  
 
                 
Total current assets
    1,727,499       2,302,425       348,852  
 
                 
Non-current assets:
                       
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 5)
    108,318       102,175       15,481  
Goodwill (Note 6)
    535,911       1,154,373       174,905  
Intangible assets, net
    81,485       145,653       22,069  
Deferred tax assets (Note 11)
    3,801       6,755       1,023  
Investment in affiliates (Note 7)
    86,701       139,116       21,078  
Other non-current assets
    2,250       3,959       600  
 
                 
Total non-current assets
    818,466       1,552,031       235,156  
 
                 
Total assets
    2,545,965       3,854,456       584,008  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets—(Continued)
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                         
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     US$  
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY:
                       
Current liabilities:
                       
Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB59,168 and RMB75,285 (US$11,407) as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, respectively)
    72,716       89,573       13,572  
Insurance premium payables (including insurance premium payables of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB1,957 and RMB1,364 (US$207) as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, respectively)
    1,957       1,364       207  
Other payables and accrued expenses (including other payables and accrued expenses of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB130,073 and RMB52,725 (US$7,989) as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, respectively) (Note 9)
    182,139       93,460       14,160  
Accrued payroll (including accrued payroll of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB18,962 and RMB27,158 (US$4,115) as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, respectively)
    24,152       31,237       4,733  
Income taxes payable (including income taxes payable of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB18,564 and RMB32,134 (US$4,869) as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, respectively)
    37,410       34,927       5,292  
Amounts due to related parties (including amounts due to related parties of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB1,718 and RMB7,800 (US$1,182) as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, respectively) (Note 15)
    19,274       37,800       5,727  
 
                 
Total current liabilities
    337,648       288,361       43,691  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets—(Continued)
(In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                         
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Non-current liabilities:
                       
Other tax liabilities (including non-current portion of other tax liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of Nil and Nil as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010) (Note 11)
    2,537       5,519       836  
Deferred tax liabilities (including non-current portion of deferred tax liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to CNinsure Inc. of RMB Nil and Nil as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010) (Note 11)
    19,075       43,513       6,593  
 
                 
Total non-current liabilities
    21,612       49,032       7,429  
 
                 
Total liabilities
    359,260       337,393       51,120  
 
                 
 
           
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
                       
 
           
Ordinary shares (Authorized shares:10,000,000,000 at US$0.001 each; issued and outstanding shares: 912,497,726 and 1,002,977,326 as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively) (Note 12)
    7,036       7,649       1,159  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,604,774       2,261,849       342,704  
Statutory reserves
    103,877       136,681       20,709  
Retained earnings
    348,663       738,165       111,843  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (72,542 )     (83,360 )     (12,630 )
 
                 
Total CNinsure Inc. shareholders’ equity
    1,991,808       3,060,984       463,785  
 
                 
Noncontrolling interests
    194,897       456,079       69,103  
 
                 
Total equity
    2,186,705       3,517,063       532,888  
 
                 
Total liabilities and equity
    2,545,965       3,854,456       584,008  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
Net revenues:
                               
Commissions and fees
    843,107       1,154,090       1,484,389       224,907  
Other service fees
    855       761       640       97  
 
                       
Total net revenues
    843,962       1,154,851       1,485,029       225,004  
 
                       
Operating costs and expenses:
                               
Commissions and fees
    (436,803 )     (579,911 )     (708,403 )     (107,333 )
Selling expenses
    (17,328 )     (49,498 )     (73,567 )     (11,147 )
General and administrative expenses*
    (180,031 )     (199,246 )     (271,444 )     (41,128 )
 
                       
Total operating costs and expenses
    (634,162 )     (828,655 )     (1,053,414 )     (159,608 )
 
                       
Income from operations
    209,800       326,196       431,615       65,396  
Other income (expense), net:
                               
Gain on disposal of investment in subsidiary
    525                    
Investment income
          18,905       41,244       6,249  
Interest income
    47,967       33,299       26,924       4,080  
Interest expense
    (95 )     (4 )     (5 )     (1 )
Others, net
    (28 )     1,408       391       59  
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration payables
          (5,946 )            
 
                       
Net income before income taxes and income of affiliates
    258,169       373,858       500,169       75,783  
Income tax expense
    (62,438 )     (95,618 )     (96,743 )     (14,658 )
Share of income of affiliates
    135       774       12,904       1,955  
 
                       
Net income
    195,866       279,014       416,330       63,080  
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests
    4,129       (21,827 )     (5,978 )     (906 )
 
                       
Net income attributable to the CNinsure Inc’s shareholders
    191,737       300,841       422,308       63,986  
 
                       
Net income per share:
                               
Basic
    0.2101       0.3297       0.4408       0.0668  
 
                       
Diluted
    0.2090       0.3241       0.4264       0.0646  
 
                       
Net income per American Depositary Shares (“ADS”):
                               
Basic
    4.2025       6.5938       8.8162       1.3358  
 
                       
Diluted
    4.1803       6.4815       8.5288       1.2922  
 
                       
Shares used in calculating net income per share:
                               
Basic
    912,497,726       912,497,726       958,029,717       958,029,717  
 
                       
Diluted
    917,335,390       928,312,312       990,318,528       990,318,528  
 
                       
     
*  
Including (i) share-based compensation expenses of RMB45,659 and RMB7,553 and RMB22,211 (US$3,365) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively; and (ii) impairment loss on intangible assets of Nil, Nil and RMB4,600 (US$697) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                                                                         
                                            Accumulated                      
                                    (Accumulated     other                      
    Share Capital     Additional     Statutory     deficit)     comprehensive     Noncontrolling             Comprehensive  
    Number of Share     Amounts     Paid-in Capital     Reserves     retained earnings     income (loss)     Interests     Total     income (loss)  
          RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
 
                                                                       
January 1, 2008
    912,497,726       7,036       1,621,064       47,903       (87,941 )     (21,150 )     18,324       1,585,236       129,963  
 
                                                                     
Share-based compensation
                45,659                               45,659          
Net income
                            191,737             4,129       195,866       195,866  
Provision for statutory reserves
                      23,334       (23,334 )                          
Acquisition of subsidiaries
                                        71,970       71,970          
Foreign currency translation
                                  (52,660 )           (52,660 )     (52,660 )
 
                                                     
Balance as of December 31, 2008
    912,497,726       7,036       1,666,723       71,237       80,462       (73,810 )     94,423       1,846,071       143,206  
 
                                                                     
Share-based compensation
                6,609                               6,609          
Net income
                            300,841             (21,827 )     279,014       279,014  
Dividends
                (68,558 )                             (68,558 )        
Provision for statutory reserves
                      32,640       (32,640 )                          
Acquisition of subsidiaries
                                        122,301       122,301          
Foreign currency translation
                                  1,268             1,268       1,268  
 
                                                     
Balance as of December 31, 2009
    912,497,726       7,036       1,604,774       103,877       348,663       (72,542 )     194,897       2,186,705       280,282  
 
                                                                     
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) — (Continued)
(In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                                                                         
                                            Accumulated                      
                    Additional             (Accumulated     other                      
    Share Capital     Paid-in     Statutory     deficit)     comprehensive     Noncontrolling             Comprehensive  
    Number of Share     Amounts     Capital     Reserves     retained earnings     income (loss)     Interests     Total     income (loss)  
          RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
Issuance of ordinary shares upon follow-on offering on July 14, 2010
    92,000,000       623       743,144                               743,767        
Exercise of share options
    5,100,780       34       10,041                               10,075        
Repurchase of ordinary shares
    (6,621,180 )     (44 )     (37,243 )                             (37,287 )      
Share-based compensation
                22,211                               22,211        
Net income
                            422,308             (5,978 )     416,330       416,330  
Dividends
                (80,985 )                             (80,985 )      
Provision for statutory reserves
                      32,806       (32,806 )                        
Acquisition of subsidiaries
                                        272,061       272,061        
Acquisition of additional shares in a subsidiary
                (93 )                       (2,317 )     (2,410 )      
Disposal of subsidiaries
                      (2 )                 (2,584 )     (2,586 )        
Foreign currency translation
                                  (10,818 )           (10,818 )     (10,818 )
 
                                                     
Balance as of December 31, 2010
    1,002,977,326       7,649       2,261,849       136,681       738,165       (83,360 )     456,079       3,517,063       405,512  
 
                                                     
Balance as of December 31, 2010 in US$
            1,159       342,704       20,709       111,843       (12,630 )     69,103       532,888       61,441  
 
                                                     
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(
In thousands)
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                               
Net income
    195,866       279,014       416,330       63,080  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash generated from operating activities:
                               
Depreciation
    6,222       18,791       30,552       4,629  
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
    3,260       9,654       21,520       3,261  
Impairment loss for acquired intangible assets
                4,600       697  
Allowance for doubtful receivables
    251       1,885       5,136       778  
Change in fair value of contingent consideration payables
          5,946              
Compensation expenses associated with stock options
    45,659       6,609       22,211       3,365  
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
    249       26       (97 )     (15 )
Investment income
          (18,905 )     (41,244 )     (6,249 )
Share of income of affiliates
    (135 )     (774 )     (12,904 )     (1,955 )
Gain on disposal of investment in a subsidiary
    (525 )                  
Deferred taxes
    (4,175 )     2,835       (1,450 )     (220 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                               
Accounts receivable
    (58,265 )     (85,639 )     (61,750 )     (9,356 )
Insurance premium receivables
    2,419       (213 )     141       21  
Other receivables
    (13,827 )     (5,167 )     (7,951 )     (1,205 )
Other current assets
    (3,927 )     (762 )     (6,357 )     (963 )
Accounts payable
    48,415       13,071       13,793       2,090  
Insurance premium payables
    (11,361 )     (2,243 )     (607 )     (92 )
Other payables and accrued expenses
    13,641       16,004       (22,386 )     (3,392 )
Accrued payroll
    6,830       7,631       6,629       1,004  
Income taxes payable
    23,310       11,170       (2,482 )     (376 )
Other tax liabilities
    712       666       2,981       452  
 
                       
Net cash generated from operating activities
    254,619       259,599       366,665       55,554  
 
                       
Cash flows from investing activities:
                               
Addition in other investments
    (189 )     (1,401 )     (2,509 )     (380 )
Addition in investment in affiliates
    (292 )     (68,269 )     (39,511 )     (5,986 )
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
    (51,828 )     (47,792 )     (24,398 )     (3,697 )
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment
    759       2,059       1,425       216  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—(Continued)
(
In thousands)
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired of RMB41,025, RMB2,006 and RMB18,156 (US$2,751) in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively
    (23,868 )     (330,652 )     (307,844 )     (46,643 )
Disposal of investment in subsidiaries, net of cash disposed of RMB64, RMB255, and RMB5,283 (US$800) in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively
    1,545       4,110       (2,733 )     (414 )
Amounts due from related parties
    (187,595 )                  
Repayments from (to) related parties
          183,459       (17,231 )     (2,611 )
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash
    8,548       2,243       (7,220 )     (1,094 )
 
                       
Net cash used in investing activities
    (252,920 )     (256,243 )     (400,021 )     (60,609 )
 
                       
 
                               
Cash flows from financing activities:
                               
Repayments of bank loans
    (1,634 )                  
Payment for contingent consideration
                (125,380 )     (18,997 )
Acquisition of additional interest in a subsidiary
    (3,000 )           (2,410 )     (365 )
Increase in capital injection by noncontrolling interests
    10,612       20,315       12,295       1,863  
Advances from related parties
    10,598                    
Repayments to related parties
          (8,923 )     (8,907 )     (1,350 )
Proceeds from share issuances
                743,767       112,692  
Proceeds on exercise of stock options
                10,075       1,527  
Repurchase of ordinary shares
                (37,287 )     (5,650 )
Dividends paid
          (68,558 )     (80,985 )     (12,270 )
 
                       
Net cash generated from (used in) financing activities
    16,576       (57,166 )     511,168       77,450  
 
                       
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    18,275       (53,810 )     477,812       72,395  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    1,544,817       1,510,432       1,457,890       220,892  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    (52,660 )     1,268       (10,818 )     (1,638 )
 
                       
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
    1,510,432       1,457,890       1,924,884       291,649  
 
                       
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
                               
Interest paid
    95       4       5       1  
Income taxes paid
    42,590       80,826       97,869       14,829  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions is set out in note 18.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(1) Organization and Description of Business
CISG Holdings Ltd (“CISG”) was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on June 8, 2004. CISG undertook a separate restructuring in anticipation of an initial public offering (“IPO”) involving CNinsure Inc. (the “Company”) that was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 10, 2007 as a shell company for listing purpose. On July 31, 2007, prior to its IPO, the Company issued 684,210,526 ordinary shares to the existing shareholders of CISG for exchange of their shares of CISG on a 10,000-for-1 basis and thereafter, became the ultimate holding company of CISG. The Company, its subsidiaries and VIEs are collectively referred to as the “Group”. The Group is principally engaged in the provision of insurance brokerage and agency services, and insurance claims adjusting services in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”).
Current PRC laws and regulations place certain restrictions on foreign investment in and ownership of insurance agencies and brokerages. Accordingly, the Group conducts its operations in China principally through contractual arrangements among its PRC subsidiaries, three PRC affiliated entities and the equity shareholders of these PRC affiliated entities, who are PRC nationals. The contractual arrangements include a series of contracts entered into between the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and the equity shareholders of these PRC affiliated entities, including loan agreements, equity pledge agreements, irrevocable powers of attorney, exclusive purchase option agreements, technology consulting and service agreements and trademark licensing agreements. Through these contractual arrangements, the Group is entitled to: (1) receive service fees from the subsidiaries of these PRC affiliated entities; (2) exercise all of the voting powers of the owners of these PRC affiliated entities; (3) receive dividends declared by these PRC affiliated entities and their subsidiaries and (4) acquire all the equity interests of these PRC affiliated entities and their subsidiaries once PRC laws permit. As the Company is the sole primary beneficiary of these VIEs, the Company consolidates them into its consolidated financial statements. (See note 8)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, all its majority-owned subsidiaries and those VIEs of which the Company is the primary beneficiary, from the dates they were acquired or incorporated. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Group consolidates VIEs of which it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and absorbs all of the expected losses and residual returns of the entity.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management of the Group to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements included the valuation of deferred tax assets, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, impairment of goodwill; economic lives of intangible assets, allowance for doubtful receivables and fair value of share based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and bank current deposits. Cash equivalents consist of bank deposits and short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
In its capacity as an insurance agent and broker, the Group collects premiums from certain insureds and remits the premiums or net premiums after deducting its authorized commissions to the appropriate insurance companies. Accordingly, as reported in the consolidated balance sheets, “premiums” are receivables from insureds. Unremitted net insurance premiums are held in a fiduciary capacity until disbursed by the Group. The Group invests these unremitted funds only in cash accounts held for a short term, and reports such amounts as restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets. Also included in the restricted cash is a guarantee deposits required by China Insurance Regulatory Commission (“CIRC”) in order to protect insurance premium appropriation by insurance agency of Nil and RMB7,813 as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
(d) Accounts Receivable and Insurance Premium Receivables
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Accounts receivable represent fees receivable on agency, brokerage and claims adjusting services primarily from insurance companies. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Group’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Group’s existing accounts receivable. The Group determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience. The Group reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts regularly. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectability.
Accounts receivable, net is analyzed as follows:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Accounts receivable
    183,496       248,965  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (2,136 )     (5,790 )
 
           
Accounts receivable, net
    181,360       243,175  
 
           
The following table summarized the movement of the Group’s allowance for doubtful accounts:
                         
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Balance at the beginning of the year
          251       2,136  
Provision for doubtful accounts
    251       1,885       5,136  
Write-offs
                (1,482 )
 
                 
Balance at the ending of the year
    251       2,136       5,790  
 
                 
Insurance premium receivables consist of insurance premium to be collected from insured, and is recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on insurance premium receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
(e) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account residual value:
         
    Estimated useful   Estimated residual
    life (Years)   value
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures
  3-5   0%-3%
Motor vehicles
  5-10   0%-3%
Leasehold improvements
  5   0%

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The depreciation methods and estimated useful lives are reviewed regularly.
Depreciation expenses recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were RMB6,222, RMB18,791 and RMB30,552, respectively, of which RMB755, RMB1,292 and RMB2,535, were recorded in the selling expenses and Nil, RMB3,441 and RMB5,607 were recorded in commission and fees under operating costs and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The remaining amounts were recorded in general and administrative expenses.
(f) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least on an annual basis at the balance sheet date or more frequently if certain indicators arise. The Group operates in four reporting units which are its reportable segments. The goodwill impairment review is a two-step process. Step one consists of a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment loss may be recognized if the review indicates that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined by using discounted cash flows. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, step two requires the fair value of the reporting unit to be allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities of that reporting unit, resulting in an implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill of the reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value, an impairment charge is recorded equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the implied fair value.
The impairment review is highly judgmental and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions have a significant impact on the amount of any impairment charge recorded. Discounted cash flow methods are dependent upon assumptions of future sales trends, market conditions and cash flows of each reporting unit over several years. Actual cash flows in the future may differ significantly from those previously forecasted. Other significant assumptions include growth rates and the discount rate applicable to future cash flows. No impairment loss on goodwill was identified for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
Identifiable intangibles assets are required to be determined separately from goodwill based on fair value. In particular, an intangible asset acquired in a business combination should be recognized as an asset separate from goodwill if it satisfies either the “contractual-legal” or “separability” criterion. Intangible assets with a finite economic life are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Prior to October 1, 2010, amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the intangible assets’ economics lives. Starting from October 1, 2010, amortization for identifiable intangibles assets of customer relationship is computed using accelerated method, while amortization for other identifiable intangibles assets is computed using the straight-line method over the intangible assets’ economic lives. The effect of the change in amortization method in customer relationship is insignificant. Intangible assets with indefinite economic lives are not amortized but carried at cost less any subsequent accumulated impairment losses. If an intangible asset that is not being amortized is subsequently determined to have a finite economic life, it will be tested for impairment and then amortized prospectively over its estimated remaining economic life and accounted for in the same manner as other intangible assets that are subject to amortization. Intangible assets with indefinite economic lives are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired.
Separately identifiable intangible assets consist of brand name, trade name, customer relationship, non-compete agreement, agency agreement and license, and software and system.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The intangible assets, net consisted of the following:
                                                             
    Useful   As of December 31, 2009     As of December 31, 2010  
    life           Accumulated     Net carrying             Accumulated     Impairment     Net carrying  
    (Years)   Cost     amortization     values     Cost     amortization     loss     values  
        RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
Brand name
  Indefinite     24,091             24,091       24,091                   24,091  
Trade name
  10                       8,140       (144 )           7,996  
Customer relationship
  4.6 to 9.8     24,086       6,596       17,490       48,356       (14,987 )           33,369  
Non-compete agreement
  3 to 14     43,340       5,956       37,384       83,191       (16,583 )     (4,600 )     62,008  
Agency agreement and licence
  4.6 to 10     3,007       487       2,520       15,294       (2,654 )           12,640  
Software and system
  5 to 10                       5,740       (191 )           5,549  
 
                                           
 
        94,524       13,039       81,485       184,812       (34,559 )     (4,600 )     145,653  
 
                                           
Aggregate amortization expenses for intangible assets were RMB3,260, RMB9,654 and RMB21,520 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The Group recorded an impairment loss on its intangible asset in the amount of RMB4,600 associated with non-compete agreement attributed to a subsidiary as its carrying value exceeds fair value. As of December 31, 2010, the estimated amortization expenses for the next five years are: RMB27,429 in 2011, RMB25,342 in 2012, RMB20,679 in 2013, RMB18,829 in 2014 and RMB12,969 in 2015, and an aggregate amount of RMB16,314 in years thereafter.
(g) Other Receivables and Other Current Assets
Other receivables and other current assets consist of advances, prepayment and prepaid expenses.
(h) Investment in affiliates
Investments in affiliates are accounted for using equity method. The Group does not control the affiliate but over which it exerts significant influence.
(i) Other Non-current Assets
As of December 31, 2010, other non-current assets represent from 5% to 20% (2009: 5% to 10%) investments in equity security of private companies over which it exerts no significant influence and are measured initially at cost.
(j) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Property, plant, and equipment, and purchased intangible assets with definite life, subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
Management performed the annual impairment test for all long-lived assets as of December 31, 2010 and concluded that there was an impairment loss of intangible asset of RMB4,600 as of December 31, 2010.
(k) Insurance Premium Payables
Insurance premium payables are insurance premium collected on behalf of insurance companies but not yet remitted as of the balance sheet dates.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(l) Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, net operating loss carryforwards and credits by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
(m) Share-based Compensation
All forms of share-based payments to employees, including employee stock options and employee stock purchase plans, would be treated the same as any other form of compensation by recognizing the related cost in the consolidated statement of operations. Compensation cost related to employee stock option or similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. The Group uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and warrants.
Determining the value of our share-based compensation expense in future periods requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including estimated forfeitures and the price volatility of the underlying shares. The management estimates the forfeitures of the shares based on past employee retention rates and its expectations of future retention rates, and it will prospectively revise the forfeiture rates based on actual history. The share compensation charges may change based on changes to the actual forfeitures. The actual share-based compensation expenses may be materially different from the current expectations.
Share-based compensation expenses of RMB45,659, RMB7,553 and RMB22,211 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively, were included in the general and administrative expenses.
(n) Employee Benefit Plans
As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC participate in various defined contribution plans organized by municipal and provincial governments for its employees. The Group is required to make contributions to these plans at a percentage of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of the employees. Under these plans, certain pension, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The Group has no other material obligation for the payment of employee benefits associated with these plans other than the annual contributions described above. The contributions are charged to the consolidated statement of operations as they become payable in accordance with the rules of the above mentioned defined contribution plans.
(o) Revenue Recognition
The Group’s revenue is derived principally from the provision of insurance brokerage, agency and claims adjusting services. The Group recognizes revenue when all of the following have occurred: persuasive evidence of an agreement with the insurance companies or insurance agencies exists, services have been provided, the fees for such services are fixed or determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.
Insurance agency and brokerage services are considered to be rendered and completed, and revenue is recognized, at the time an insurance policy becomes effective, that is, when the signed insurance policy is in place and the premium is collected from the insured. The Group has met all the four criteria of revenue recognition when the premiums are collected by the Group or the respective insurance companies and not before, because collectability is not ensured until receipt of the premium. Accordingly, the Group does not accrue any commission and fees prior to the receipt of the related premiums. No allowance for cancellation has been recognized as the management of the Group estimates, based on its past experience that the cancellation of policies rarely occurs. Any subsequent commission adjustments in connection with policy cancellations which have been de minims to date are recognized upon notification from the insurance carriers. Actual commission and fee adjustments in connection with the cancellation of policies were 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of the total commission and fee revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. For property insurance and life insurance, agency and brokerage companies may receive a performance bonus from insurance companies per contract provisions. Once an agency and brokerage company achieves its performance target, typically a certain sales volume, the bonus will become due. The bonus amount is computed based on the insurance premium amount multiplied by an agreed-upon percentage. The contingent commissions are recorded as revenue when received, which in many cases, that is the Group’s first notification of the amounts earned.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
Insurance claims adjusting services are considered to be rendered and completed, and revenue is recognized at the time loss adjusting reports are confirmed being received by insurance companies. The Group has met all the four criteria of revenue recognition when the service is provided and the loss adjusting report is accepted by insurance companies. The Group does not accrue any service fee before the receipt of an insurance company’s acknowledgement of receiving the adjusting reports. Any subsequent adjustments in connection with discounts which have been de minims to date are recognized in revenue upon notification from the insurance companies.
Other service fees include revenue from the provision of insurance-related services, such as driver’s license renewal and annual inspection for the insured. Revenue is recognized when the services are rendered.
The Group presented revenue net of sales taxes incurred. The sales taxes amounted to RMB54,590, RMB83,958 and RMB102,190 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
(p) Contingent Consideration
In December 2007, the FASB issued ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) to improve reporting creating greater consistency in the accounting and financial reporting of business combinations. ASC 805 requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize all (and only) the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information they need to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. ASC 805 applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Effective from January 1, 2009, the Group adopted ASC 805 on a prospective basis. As a result, the recorded purchase price for all acquisitions consummated after January 1, 2009 include an estimation of the fair value of contingent consideration payables. Subsequent changes in the fair value of contingent consideration payables will be recorded in the consolidated statement of operation when incurred. Changes in fair value of contingent consideration payables totaling RMB5,946 and nil was charged to consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Also, as a result of adoption of ASC 805, in a business combination achieved in stages, the acquirer shall remeasure its previously held equity interest in the acquiree at acquisition date fair value and recognize gain or loss, if any, in earnings. The Group recorded earnings of such remeasurement as investment income of RMB18,905 and RMB41,244 to the consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
For acquisitions before January 1, 2009, contingent consideration arrangements generally result in the payment/receiving of additional consideration or surrender/receiving of shares to/from the sellers upon the acquired entities’ satisfaction of performance targets subsequent to acquisition as stipulated in the acquisition agreement.
Additional cash payments or surrender of shares which are determined to be additional purchase consideration are accounted for as part of the purchase price of the acquired entities when the outcome of contingency is determinable beyond a reasonable doubt, while those which are determined to be compensatory in nature are recorded as compensation expenses and charged to the consolidated statement of operations. No compensation expenses were paid for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
(q) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, insurance premium receivables, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued expenses, amounts due from (to) related parties and insurance premium payables are approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(r) Foreign Currencies
The functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar (“USD”). Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss in the consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss). The Group has chosen the Renminbi (“RMB”) as their reporting currency.
The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIE is the RMB. Transactions in other currencies are recorded in RMB at the rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occur. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies are translated into RMB at rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Exchange gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
(s) Foreign currency risk
The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and international economic and political developments that affect supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. The cash and cash equivalents of the Company included aggregate amounts of RMB1,276,993 and RMB1,723,210 at December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively, which were denominated in RMB.
(t) Translation into United States Dollars
The consolidated financial statements of the Group are stated in RMB. Translations of amounts from RMB into U.S. dollars are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = RMB6.60, on December 30, 2010, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The translation is not intended to imply that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into U.S. dollars at that rate on December 30, 2010, or at any other rate.
(u) Segment reporting
The Group distributes a variety of property and casualty; and life insurance products underwritten by domestic and foreign insurance companies operating in the PRC, and provides insurance claims adjusting services as well as other insurance-related services. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, the Group operates four operating segments: (1) property and casualty insurance (“P&C”) (2) life insurance (“Life”) (3) insurance claims adjusting services (“Claims Adjusting”) and (4) datong life insurance (“Datong”). Details of these operating segments are described in note 21. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Group’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
Substantially all revenues are derived in the PRC and all long-lived assets are located in the PRC.
(v) Earnings per Share (“EPS”)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares /ADS outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is calculated by using the weighted average number of ordinary shares /ADS outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding share-based awards, unless their inclusion in the calculation is anti-dilutive.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(w) Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs amounted to RMB832, RMB5,459 and RMB3,825 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
(x) Operating leases
Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the leasing company are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the consolidated statements of operations over the lease period.
(y) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) represents foreign currency translation adjustments for the period and is included in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.
(z) Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In December 2010, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2010-29, Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations. The objective of this guidance is to address diversity in practice regarding the interpretation of the pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. The amendments in this update specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclosure revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendments affect any public entity as defined by Topic 805 that enters to business combinations that are material on an individual or aggregated basis. The amendments will be effective for business combinations consummated in periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and should be applied prospectively as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Group does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any significant impact on its financial condition or result of operations.
In December 2010, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement on when to perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts. The amendments in this update modify Step 1 so that for those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. For public entities, the guidance is effective for impairment tests performed during entities’ fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) that begin after December 15, 2010. Early adoption will not be permitted. For nonpublic entities, the guidance is effective for impairment tests performed during entities’ fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) that begin after December 15, 2011. Early application for nonpublic entities is permitted; nonpublic entities that elect early application will use the same effective date as that for public entities. The Group does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any significant impact on its financial condition or result of operations.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
In April 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-13, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718); Effect of Denominating the Exercise Price of a Share-Based Payment Award in the Currency of the Market in Which the Underlying Equity Security Trades. The objective of this ASU is to address the classification of an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades. FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, provides guidance on the classification of a share-based payment award as either equity or a liability. A share-based payment award that contains a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition is required to be classified as a liability. Under Topic 718, awards of equity share options granted to an employee of an entity’s foreign operation that provide a fixed exercise price denominated in (1) the foreign operation’s functional currency or (2) the currency in which the employee’s pay is denominated should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. However, US GAAP do not specify whether a share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades has a market, performance, or service condition. Diversity in practice has developed on the interpretation of whether such an award should be classified as a liability when the exercise price is not denominated in either the foreign operation’s functional currency or the currency in which the employee’s pay is denominated. ASU 2010-13 clarifies that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010, and will be applied prospectively. Affected entities will be required to record a cumulative catch-up adjustment for all awards outstanding as of the beginning of the current period in which the guidance is adopted. The Group does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any significant impact on its financial condition or result of operations.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(3) Acquisitions
Acquisitions in 2010
(a) P&C segment
On December 31, 2009 and March 30, 2010, the Group entered into agreements to acquire an addition 41% equity interest in Hebei Fanlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (“Fanlian”), Shandong Fanhua Mintai Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (“Mintai”) and Ningbo Baolian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (“Baolian”) at a cash consideration of RMB52,000, RMB90,000 and RMB60,000, respectively, bringing the Group’s shareholdings in Fanlian, Mintai and Baolian from 10% to 51%. The acquisitions of Fanlian, Mintai and Baolian were completed on January 1, 2010 and April 1, 2010 respectively. The selling shareholders of Fanlian, Mintai and Baolian agree to transfer 5% interest in Fanlian, Mintai and Baolian to the Company for RMB0.001 if Fanlian, Mintai and Baolian fail to meet performance target in years 2010 to 2012. In addition, the selling shareholders of Fanlian, Mintai and Baolian agree to return up to RMB9,000, RMB13,500 and RMB9,000 to the Group, respectively, if performance criteria for years 2010 to 2012 cannot be met.
On September 27, 2010, the Group entered into agreements to acquire an additional 46% equity interest in Shengyang Fangda Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (“Fangda”) for a total cash consideration RMB40,000, bringing its shareholdings in Fangda from 5% to 51%. The acquisition of Fangda was completed on October 1, 2010. The selling shareholder of Fangda agrees to transfer 5% interest in Fangda to the Company for RMB0.001 if Fangda fails to meet performance target in years 2011 to 2013. In addition, the selling shareholder of Fangda agrees to return up to RMB15,000 to the Group if performance criteria for years 2011 to 2013 cannot be met.
On July 29, 2010, the Group entered into an agreement to acquire 65.1% equity interest in Inscom Holding Limited (“Inscom”) and its subsidiaries and its VIE for a cash consideration RMB84,000. The acquisition of Inscom was completed on November 1, 2010.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value for the acquirees assumed at the date of acquisition:
                                         
    Fanlian     Mintai     Baolian     Fangda     Inscom  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
Cash consideration for controlling interest
    52,000       90,000       60,000       40,000       84,000  
Fair value of previously held equity interest
    10,530       16,900       11,270       3,344        
Fair value of noncontrolling interests
    51,580       82,820       55,210       32,776       37,380  
 
                             
Total consideration
    114,110       189,720       126,480       76,120       121,380  
 
                             
The Group recognized investment income of RMB41,244 representing gains from re-measuring equity interests formerly held by the Company in Fanlian, Mintai, Baolian and Fangda at fair values on the date of completion of acquiring the additional equity interest.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
                                         
    Fanlian     Mintai     Baolian     Fangda     Inscom  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
Net tangible assets acquired
    3,265       2,632       (411 )     2,382       10,044  
Intangible assets
    20,880       17,850       12,760       12,111       17,680  
Goodwill
    95,185       173,608       117,093       64,500       98,076  
Deferred tax assets
          92       228       155        
Deferred tax liability
    (5,220 )     (4,462 )     (3,190 )     (3,028 )     (4,420 )
 
                             
Total consideration
    114,110       189,720       126,480       76,120       121,380  
 
                             
The excess of purchase price over tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill.
The acquired intangible assets were composed of the following:
                                                 
            Fair Value Acquired  
    Useful life     RMB  
    (Years)     Fanlian     Mintai     Baolian     Fangda     Inscom  
Trade name
    9.4                               8,140  
Customer relationship
    5.8-6.25       13,360       490       2,300       4,910       3,210  
Non-compete agreement
    5.8-6.25       6,640       16,880       10,020       6,311        
Agency agreement
    5.8-6.25       880       480       440       890       590  
System and software
    5.0-10.0                               5,740  
 
                                     
Total
            20,880       17,850       12,760       12,111       17,680  
 
                                   
The following unaudited pro forma information summarizes the effect of the acquisition, as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2010. This unaudited pro forma information is presented for information purposes only. It is based on historical information and does not purport to represent the actual results that may have occurred had the Group consummated the acquisitions on January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2010, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the consolidated enterprises:
Acquisition of Fanlian
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    1,180,577       1,485,029  
Pro forma income from operations
    322,981       431,616  
Pro forma net income
    299,775       422,309  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.3285       0.4408  

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
Acquisition of Mintai
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    1,154,934       1,485,639  
Pro forma income from operations
    322,948       430,649  
Pro forma net income
    299,494       421,817  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.3282       0.4403  
Acquisition of Baolian
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    1,157,672       1,486,220  
Pro forma income from operations
    323,474       430,684  
Pro forma net income
    299,474       421,714  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.3282       0.4402  
Acquisition of Fangda
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    1,158,969       1,492,002  
Pro forma income from operations
    323,819       430,148  
Pro forma net income
    299,661       421,738  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.3284       0.4402  
Acquisition of Inscom
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    1,169,207       1,490,068  
Pro forma income from operations
    328,576       426,688  
Pro forma net income
    304,225       415,734  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.3334       0.4339  

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(b) Headquarter
On December 31, 2009, the Group entered into an agreement to acquire 100% equity interest in Litian Zuoyue Software (Beijing) Co., Limited (“Litian”) for a total cash consideration RMB0.002. Litian is a company qualified as software company and exempted from PRC income tax for two years starting from its first profit-making year, followed by a 50% reduction for the next three years. The estimated fair value of liabilities acquired assumed at the date of acquisition amounted to RMB9,007 and intangible assets of RMB9,007 was recorded. Such acquisition was completed on January 1, 2010 and accounted as acquisition of assets.
Acquisitions in 2009
(a) Claims Adjusting segment
On June 1, 2009, the Group entered into an agreement to acquire 100% equity interest in Shenzhen Fanhua Property and Casualty Insurance Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Shenzhen Hongzhengda Insurance Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd.) (“Hongzhengda”) for a total purchase consideration RMB30,000, through a VIE, Fanhua Surveyors & Loss Adjustors Co., Ltd, in which 51% equity interest was held by the Company. Hongzhengda is a company specializing in the provision of claims adjusting services related to non-automobile property and casualty insurance.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
         
    RMB  
Net tangible assets acquired
    3,597  
Intangible assets
    11,290  
Goodwill
    16,940  
Deferred tax liability
    (1,827 )
 
     
Total consideration
    30,000  
 
     
The excess of purchase price over tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill.
The acquired intangible assets were composed of the following:
                 
    Useful life     Fair value acquired  
    (Years)     RMB  
Brand name
  Indefinite       3,980  
Customer relationship
    5.6       5,910  
Non-compete agreement
    3.0       410  
Agency agreement
    5.6       990  
 
             
Total
            11,290  
 
             

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The following unaudited pro forma information summarizes the effect of the acquisition, as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009. This unaudited pro forma information is presented for information purposes only. It is based on historical information and does not purport to represent the actual results that may have occurred had the Group consummated the acquisitions on January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the consolidated enterprises:
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2009  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    869,361       1,161,248  
Pro forma income from operations
    210,580       325,572  
Pro forma net income
    192,691       300,132  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.2112       0.3289  
(b) P&C segment
On March 31, 2009, the Group entered into agreements to acquire an additional 41% equity interest in Hangzhou Fanhua Zhixin Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (“Zhixin”) bringing its shareholdings from 10% to 51% and an additional 46% equity interest in Henan Fnahua Anlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Zhengzhou Fanhua Anlian Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.) (“Anlian”) bringing its shareholdings from 5% to 51%.
The Group paid cash consideration totaling RMB2,000 on acquisition date and shall pay up to RMB99,000 and RMB39,000 additional considerations in cash to the former shareholders of Zhixin and Anlian, respectively, contingent on Zhixin and Anlian meeting certain earnings targets on or prior to December 31, 2011.
                 
    Zhixin     Anlian  
    RMB     RMB  
Cash consideration on acquisition date
    1,000       1,000  
Fair value of previously held equity interest
    16,250       2,730  
Fair value of noncontrolling interests
    79,600       26,720  
Contingent consideration payables at fair value on acquisition date
    85,500       31,580  
 
           
Total consideration
    182,350       62,030  
 
           
The Group recognized investment income of RMB18,905 representing gains from re-measuring the 10% and 5% equity interests formerly held by the Company in Zhixin and Anlian at fair values on April 1, 2009.
The recorded purchase price for all acquisitions consummated after January 1, 2009 will include an estimation of the fair value of liabilities associated with any potential earn-out provisions. Subsequent changes in the fair value of earn-out obligations will be recorded in the consolidated statement of income when incurred. The change to the fair value of earn-out obligations recorded in net income for the year ended December 31, 2009 was RMB5,946.
On August 30, 2009, the Group entered into supplemental agreements with the selling shareholders of Anlian and Zhixin agreeing to fully settle the contingent consideration payables at carrying amounts as of June 30, 2009 of RMB90,000 and RMB33,000, respectively, before the earn-out obligations are met. In addition, pursuant to the supplemental agreements August 30, 2009, the selling shareholder of Anlian has agreed to return up to RMB8,000 to the Group if performance criteria for years 2010 and 2011 cannot be met and the selling shareholder of Zhixin has agreed to return up to RMB23,000 to the Group if performance criteria for years 2009, 2010 and 2011 cannot be met.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
                 
    Zhixin     Anlian  
    RMB     RMB  
Net tangible assets (liabilities) acquired
    (394 )     268  
Intangible assets
    18,090       8,240  
Goodwill
    168,953       55,524  
Deferred tax assets
    223       58  
Deferred tax liability
    (4,522 )     (2,060 )
 
           
Total
    182,350       62,030  
 
           
The excess of purchase price over tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill.
The acquired intangible assets were composed of the following:
                         
            Fair value acquired  
    Useful life     RMB  
    (Years)     Zhixin     Anlian  
Customer relationship
    5.8       720       1,010  
Non-compete agreement
    5.8       16,590       6,810  
Agency agreement
    5.8       780       420  
 
                   
Total
            18,090       8,240  
 
                   
The following unaudited pro forma information summarizes the effect of the acquisition, as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009. This unaudited pro forma information is presented for information purposes only. It is based on historical information and does not purport to represent the actual results that may have occurred had the Group consummated the acquisitions on January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the consolidated enterprises:
                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2009  
    RMB     RMB  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Pro forma net revenues
    844,265       1,157,538  
Pro forma income from operations
    204,209       324,987  
Pro forma net income
    187,279       299,916  
Pro forma net income per share
    0.2052       0.3287  

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(4) Other Receivables
Other receivables, net are analyzed as follows:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Advances to staff (i)
    6,142       9,046  
Advances to entrepreneurial agents (ii)
    15,919       9,897  
Insurance claim receivables
    86       65  
Rental deposits
    5,428       6,147  
Interest income receivables (iii)
    18,778       13,673  
Advances to third parties (iv)
          21,294  
Others
    5,755       6,912  
 
           
 
    52,108       67,034  
 
           
     
(i)  
This represented advances to staff of the Group for daily business operations which are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.
 
(ii)  
This represented advances to entrepreneurial agents who provide services to the Group. The advances are used by entrepreneurial individual sales agents to build business. The advances were unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.
 
(iii)  
This represented accrued interest income on bank deposits.
 
(iv)  
This mainly represented advance consideration payment made for the acquisition of Henan Zhongrui Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. (“Zhongrui”) amounting to RMB18,000. On June 30, 2010, the Group entered into agreement to acquire an additional 45% equity interest in Zhongrui for RMB18,000, bringing the Group’s shareholdings in Zhongrui from 10% to 55%. As at December 31, 2010 the acquisition of Zhongrui has not been completed and the acquisition has been subsequently terminated with the refund received on March 25, 2011.
(5) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, net, is comprised of the following:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures
    95,456       97,028  
Motor vehicles
    40,639       47,030  
Leasehold improvements
    6,961       9,548  
 
           
Total
    143,056       153,606  
Less: Accumulated depreciation
    (34,738 )     (51,431 )
 
           
Property, plant and equipment, net
    108,318       102,175  
 
           
No impairment for property, plant and equipment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(6) Goodwill
The movements in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are as follows:
                                         
                    Claims              
    P&C             Adjusting     Datong        
    segment     Life segment     segment     segment     Total  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
Balance as of January 1, 2009
          10,362       21,137       6,389       37,888  
Addition for acquisitions
    224,477             16,940             241,417  
Addition for contingent considerations
    210,068       6,538             40,000       256,606  
 
                             
Balance as of December 31, 2009
    434,545       16,900       38,077       46,389       535,911  
Addition for acquisitions
    548,462                         548,462  
Addition for contingent considerations
                      70,000       70,000  
 
                             
Balance as of December 31, 2010
    983,007       16,900       38,077       116,389       1,154,373  
 
                             
The Group performed the annual impairment analysis as at balance sheet date. The first step of goodwill impairment test for each of its reporting units did not identify any impairment loss. Therefore, no impairment loss was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
(7) Investment in Affiliates
As of December 31, 2010, investments in affiliates represent (i) 40% (2009: 40%) equity interest in Shanghai Teamhead Automobile Surveyors Co. Ltd. (“Teamhead Automobile”) which is a PRC registered company that provides insurance surveyor & loss adjustors services and (ii) 18.16% (2009: 20.58%) equity interest in Sincere Fame International Limited (“Sincere Fame”) which is a BVI company that provides consumer credit brokerage services based in Guangzhou, PRC. Equity interest 20.58% in Sincere Fame was acquired at a cash consideration of RMB85,500 on October 31, 2009. In January 2010, Sincere Fame issued new ordinary shares to a new shareholder, as a result, the equity interest of the Group in Sincere Fame was diluted to 18.16% from 20.58%. In July 2010, Sincere Fame subsequently further issue new ordinary shares and the Group subscribed 18.16% of these newly issued shares at a cash consideration of RMB39, 511 to maintain its shareholding in Sincere Fame at 18.16%.
During the year, the Group recognized share of income of affiliates with regard to Teamhead Automobile and Sincere Fame totaling RMB12,904.
Investment as of December 31, 2009 and 2010 were as follows:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Teamhead Automobile
    489       266  
Sincere Fame
    86,212       138,850  
 
           
Total
    86,701       139,116  
 
           
(8) Variable Interest Entities
Applicable PRC laws and regulations prohibit foreign investment in and ownership of insurance agencies and brokerages. As a Cayman Islands corporation, the Company is deemed a foreign legal person under PRC laws.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
To comply with these foreign ownership restrictions, the Company conducts its operations in the PRC principally through contractual arrangements among its PRC subsidiaries, Sichuan Yihe Investment Co., Ltd. (“Yihe Investment”), Guangdong Meidiya Investment Co., Ltd. (“Meidiya Investment”) and Shenzhen Xinbao Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Xinbao Investment”) (collectively referred as the “Three PRC Affiliated Entities”) and the equity holders of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities, who are PRC nationals. To provide the Company effective control over the Three PRC Affiliated Entities, and the ability to receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities and their subsidiaries, a series of contractual arrangements were entered amongst Fanhua Xinlian Information Technology Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (“Xinlian Information”), Fanhua Zhonglian Enterprise Image Planning (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (“Zhonglian Enterprise”), Litian and Ying Si Kang Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (“Ying Si Kang Information”), which are PRC subsidiaries of the Company, and Yihe Investment, Meidiya Investment and Xinbao Investment and their direct equity holders.
Agreements that transfer economic benefits to Xinlian Information, Zhonglian Enterprise and Litian
IT platform related service, consulting service and trademark licensing agreements
Pursuant to IT platform service, consulting service and trademark licensing agreements entered into between our PRC subsidiary Litian, Xilian Information and Zhonglian Enterprise and most of the insurance intermediary subsidiaries of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities, Litian, Xilian Information and Zhonglian Enterprise agreed to provide IT platform related service, consulting service and trademark licensing to most of the insurance intermediaries in exchange for fees payable quarterly calculated as a percentage of revenues of each insurance intermediary.
Agreements that provide Company the option to purchase the equity interests in the Three PRC Affiliated Entities
Exclusive Purchase Option Agreements
Pursuant to the exclusive purchase right agreements, Xinlian Information and Ying Si Kang Information may purchase the entire equity interests in, or all the assets of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities, for a purchase price equal to the amount of the individual shareholder’s actual capital contribution to the Three PRC Affiliated Entities or the minimum price permitted by PRC laws, if and when PRC laws are amended to permit such a transaction.
Agreements that provide Company effective control over the Three PRC Affiliated Entities
Loan Agreements
Each of original equity holders of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment entered into loan agreements with Xinlian Information, evidencing a zero interest loan granted to them, equal to their respective capital contributions to Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment. In the event that the loan is not renewed, then upon the expiration of its term and subject to then applicable PRC laws, the loan can be repaid only with the proceeds from the transfer of the individual shareholder’s equity interests in Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment to Xinlian Information or another person designated by Xinlian Information. In addition, the loan agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the actions the individual shareholder can take or cause Meidiya Investment to take, or that require the individual shareholder to take or cause Meidiya Investment to take specific actions. Subsequently, the original equity holders of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment entered into a credit and liability transfer agreement with the current individual shareholders of Meidiya Investment and Yihe Investment to transfer all of their rights and obligations under the loan agreements to their current individual shareholders.
Each of the individual shareholders of Xinbao Investment entered into a loan agreement with our subsidiary Ying Si Kang Information, evidencing a zero interest loan granted to them, equal to their respective capital contributions to Xinbao Investment. The terms of the loan agreement are substantially similar to those in the loan agreements described above.
Equity Pledge Agreement
Pursuant to the equity pledge agreements between (1) Yihe Investment, Xinlian Information and the equity holders of Yihe Investment; (2) Meidiya Investment, Xinlian Information and the equity holders of Meidiya Investment; and (3) Xinbao Investment, Ying Si Kang Information and the equity holders of Xinbao Investment, the equity holders of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities have pledged their equity interest in the Three PRC Affiliated Entities to Xinlian Information and Ying Si Kang Information secure his obligations under the loan agreement between (1) Yihe Investment and Xinlian Information; (2) Meidiya Investment and Xinlian Information; and (3) Xinbao Investment and Ying Si Kang Information. During the term of the equity pledge agreement, Xinlian Information and Ying Si Kang Information are entitled to all the dividends declared on the pledged equity interests.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
Power of attorney
Pursuant to the power of attorney, the nominee equity holders of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities each executed an irrevocable power of attorney appointing a person designated by Xinlian Information or Ying Si Kang Information as their attorney-in-fact to vote on their behalf on all matters of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities requiring equity holder approval under PRC laws and regulations and the articles of association of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities. If Xinlian Information or Ying Si Kang Information designate the individual shareholders of the three PRC Affiliated Entities to attend a shareholder’s meeting of the three PRC Affiliated Entities, the individual shareholder agrees to vote his shares as instructed by Xinlian Information or Ying Si Kang information.
The Articles of Association of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities state that the major rights of the equity holders include the power to review and approve annual budget, operating strategy and investment plan, elect the members of board of directors and approve their compensation plan. Therefore, through the irrevocable power of attorney arrangement, Xinlian Information and Ying Si Kang Information have the ability to exercise effective control over the Three PRC Affiliated Entities through equity holder votes and, through such votes, to also control the composition of the board of directors. In addition, the senior management teams of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities are the same as that of Xinlian Information and Ying Si Kang Information.
These contractual arrangements allow the Group to effectively control the Three PRC Affiliated Entities and their subsidiaries and to derive substantially all of the economic benefits from them. Accordingly, the Group treats the Three PRC Affiliated Entities as VIEs and because the Group is the primary beneficiary of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities, the Group has consolidated the financial results of the Three PRC Affiliated Entities and their subsidiaries.
However, there are certain risks related to the VIEs arrangements, which include but are not limited to the following:
   
If the ownership structure and contractual arrangements are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, the Group could be subject to severe penalties;
 
   
The Group rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and its equity holders for substantially all of its China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control; and
 
   
The Group may have to incur significant cost to enforce, or may not be able to effectively enforce, the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their equity holders in the event of a breach or non-compliance by the VIEs or their equity holders.
In June 2009, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement to amend the accounting rules for VIEs. The amendments effectively replace the quantitative-based risks-and-rewards calculation for determining which reporting entity, if any, has a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity with an approach focused on identifying which reporting entity has (1) the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity. Additionally, an enterprise is required to assess whether it has an implicit financial responsibility to ensure that a variable interest entity operates as designed when determining whether it has the power to direct the activities of the variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. The new guidance also requires additional disclosures about a reporting entity’s involvement with variable interest entities and about any significant changes in risk exposure as a result of that involvement. The Company adopted the new guidance for the year ended December 31, 2010.
The Company, through the contractual arrangements, has (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly affect the VIEs’ economic performance and (2) the right to receive benefits from the VIEs. The Company will continue to consolidate the VIEs upon the adoption of the new guidance which therefore, other than for additional disclosures, has no accounting impact.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The VIEs are principally engaged in the provision of insurance brokerage, agency and claims adjusting services in the PRC.
The financial information of the Company’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2010 and for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 is as follows
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Total assets
    1,249,737       1,644,806  
Total liabilities
    896,406       992,668  
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Net Revenues
    709,536       1,062,019       1,379,040  
Net Income
    23,850       56,825       68,571  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    3,897       (7,704 )     8,688  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (36,857 )     (346,255 )     (192,449 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    19,577       387,749       287,846  
(9) Other Payables and Accrued Expenses
Components of other payables and accrued expenses are as follows:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Consideration payables on acquisition of subsidiaries
    85,380        
Business and other tax payable
    17,897       34,085  
Refundable deposits from employees and agents
    13,354       15,177  
Audit fee
    11,085       10,177  
Advances from third parties
    20,643       11,517  
Payables for addition of office equipment, furniture and fixtures
    12,593       9,799  
Other professional fees
    5,431       2,423  
Insurance compensation claim payable to customers
    3,575       2,307  
Others
    12,181       7,975  
 
           
Total
    182,139       93,460  
 
           
Other payables and accrued expenses are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(10) Employee Benefit Plans
Employees of the Group located in the PRC are covered by the retirement schemes defined by local practice and regulations, which are essentially defined contribution plans. The calculation of contributions for these eligible employees is based on 10% to 22% of the applicable payroll cost according to the specific requirement of the local regime government.
In addition, the Group is required by law to contribute certain percentage of applicable salaries for medical insurance benefits, unemployment and other statutory benefit. The contribution percentage may different from district to district which is subject to the specific requirement of local regime government. The PRC government is directly responsible for the payments of the benefits to these employees.
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, the Group contributed RMB5,890, RMB16,834 and RMB24,871 respectively, to these plans.
(11) Income Taxes
The Company is a tax exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on their income or capital gains. In addition, upon any payments of dividends by the Group to its shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax is imposed.
The Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs incorporated in PRC are subject to Income Tax in the PRC.
On March 16, 2007, the PRC promulgated New Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “New Income Tax Law”). The New Taxation Law which becomes effective from January 1, 2008. Under the New Taxation Law, all enterprises (both domestic enterprises and FIEs) have one unified income tax rate of 25%. On December 6, 2007, the State Council of the PRC issued Implementation Regulations on the New Taxation Law. The New Taxation Law and Implementation Regulations have changed the tax rate from 15% to 18%, 20%, 22%, 24% and 25% for the years ending December 31, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 respectively for Shenzhen PRC subsidiaries. The deferred tax balance has been adjusted to reflect the tax rates that are expected to apply.
Pursuant to the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC, Litian, a subsidiary of the Group is qualified as a software company and thus is are exempted from PRC Income Tax for two years starting from its first profit-making year, followed by a 50% reduction for the next three years. Year 2010 is the first profit-making year and no provision for PRC income tax has been made in the consolidated financial statement.
The Group has adopted the provisions of ASC subtopic 740-10 (“ASC 740-10”), Income taxes: Overall (Pre-Codification: FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement 109), on January 1, 2007. ASC 740-10 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. It also provides guidance on derecognizing, measurement classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.
As of December 31, 2010, the Group’s liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits totaled RMB5,519 (2009: RMB2,537) and were included in other tax liabilities. The total liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits and increase for the current period of these liabilities relate primarily to the allocations of revenue and costs among its operations.
The movements of unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:
         
    RMB  
Balance as of January 1, 2008
    1,160  
Gross increase in prior-period tax positions
    711  
 
     
Balance as of December 31, 2008
    1,871  
Gross increase in prior-period tax positions
    666  
 
     
Balance as of December 31, 2009
    2,537  
Gross increase in prior-period tax positions
    2,982  
 
     
Balance as of December 31, 2010
    5,519  
 
     

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
The Group is subject to taxation in the PRC. The uncertain tax positions are related to tax years that remain subject to examination by the relevant taxable authorities. Based on the outcome of any future examinations, or as a result of the expiration of statute of limitations for specific jurisdictions, it is reasonably possible that the related unrecognized tax benefits for tax positions taken regarding previously filed tax returns, might materially change from those recorded as liabilities for uncertain tax positions in the Group’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2010. In addition, the outcome of these examinations may impact the valuation of certain deferred tax assets (such as net operating losses) in future periods. However, based on the current lack of any examinations in progress, and the protocol of finalizing audits by the relevant tax authorities, it is not possible to estimate the impact of any amount of such changes, if any, to previously recorded uncertain tax positions. The Group’s policy is that it recognizes interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases to its liability for unrecognized tax benefit within the next twelve months.
For PRC, tax years 2005 through 2010 still remain subject to examination by the PRC tax authorities.
Income tax expenses are comprised of the following:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Current tax expense
    (65,901 )     (92,117 )     (95,229 )
Deferred tax income (expense)
    3,463       (3,501 )     (1,514 )
 
                 
Income tax expense
    (62,438 )     (95,618 )     (96,743 )
 
                 
The principal components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Current deferred tax assets:
               
Operating loss carry forward
    2,602       5,691  
Less: valuation allowances
           
 
           
Current deferred tax asset, net
    2,602       5,691  
 
           
 
               
Non-current deferred tax assets:
               
Operating loss carry forward
    5,063       5,730  
Others
    2,115       2,592  
Less: valuation allowances
    (3,377 )     (1,567 )
 
           
Non-current deferred tax asset, net
    3,801       6,755  
 
           
Total
    6,403       12,446  
 
           
 
               
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Intangible assets, net
    (19,075 )     (43,513 )
 
           

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
Due to the uncertainty of the level of PRC subsidiaries or VIEs’ taxable income and the lack of operating history in the VIEs, management does not believe certain subsidiaries or VIEs will generate sufficient taxable income such that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As such, a valuation allowance has been established for these deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2009 and 2010. The Group had totally operating loss carry forwards of RMB44,381 and RMB56,645 for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Such operating loss carry forwards expire five years after the Group incurs the loss unless utilized.
Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the PRC enterprise income rate of 25% to net income before income taxes and income of affiliates, and the actual provision for income taxes is as follows:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Net income before income taxes and income of affiliates
    258,169       373,858       500,169  
PRC statutory tax rate
    25 %     25 %     25 %
 
                 
Income tax at statutory tax rate
    64,542       93,464       125,042  
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes:
                       
Entertainment
    355       475       840  
Salaries and employee’s benefits
    118              
Others
          471       1,130  
Tax exemption and tax relief:
                       
Income tax at preferential tax rate of 18%, 20% and 22% for 2008, 2009 and 2010
    (15,111 )     (15,541 )     (8,023 )
Impact of lower tax rates in other jurisdictions
    12,530       14,561       9,007  
Tax holidays
                (31,783 )
Change in valuation allowance
    (279 )     1,253       (1,810 )
Others
    283       935       2,340  
 
                 
Income tax expense
    62,438       95,618       96,743  
 
                 
Additional PRC income taxes that would have been payable without the tax exemption amounted to approximately RMB29,407 for the year ended December 31, 2010. Basic and diluted net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2010 would have been decreased to RMB0.0307 and RMB0.0297, respectively. There is no tax exemption for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2009.
Under the New Income Tax law, enterprises are classified as either resident or non-resident. A resident enterprise refers to one that is incorporated under the PRC law or under the law of a jurisdiction outside the PRC with its “de facto management organization” located within the PRC. Non-resident enterprise refers to one that is incorporated under the law of a jurisdiction outside the PRC with its “de facto management organization” located also outside of the PRC, but which has either set up institutions or establishments in the PRC or has income originating from the PRC without setting up any institution or establishment in the PRC. Under the New Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Implementation Regulation, “de facto management organization” is defined as the organization of an enterprise through which substantial and comprehensive management and control over the business, operations, personnel, accounting and properties of the enterprise are exercised. Under the New Income Tax Law and the New EIT Implementation Regulation, a resident enterprise’s global net income will be subject to a 25% EIT rate. The Group does not believe that its legal entities organized outside of China should be treated as residents for New Income Tax law purposes. Even if one or more of its legal entities organized outside of China were characterized as China tax residents, none of them had profit; therefore, no significant impact would be expected on the net current tax payable balance and the net deferred tax balance.
If the entity were to be non-resident for PRC tax purpose, dividends paid to it out of profits earned after January 1, 2009 would be subject to a withholding tax. In the case of dividends paid by PRC subsidiaries the withholding tax would be 10% and in the case of a subsidiary 25% or more directly owned by residents in the Hong Kong SAR, the withholding tax would be 5%.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
Aggregate undistributed earnings of the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC that are available for distribution to the Group of approximately RMB1,068,764 as of December 31, 2010 are considered to be indefinitely reinvested under ASC No.740-30, Accounting for Income Taxes — Special Areas, and accordingly, no provision for has been made for the Chinese dividend withholding taxes that would be payable upon the distribution of those amounts to the Group. If those earnings were to be distributed or they were determined to be no longer permanently reinvested, the Group would have to record a deferred income tax liability in respect of those undistributed earnings of approximately RMB106,876.
Under applicable accounting principles, a deferred tax liability should be recorded for taxable temporary differences attributable to the excess of financial reporting over tax basis, including those differences attributable to a more than 50% interest in a domestic subsidiary. However, recognition is not required in situations where the tax law provides a means by which the reported amount of that investment can be recovered tax-free and the enterprise expects that it will ultimately use that means. The Group has not recorded any such deferred tax liability attributable to the undistributed earnings of its financial interest in VIE affiliates because the Group believes such excess earnings can be distributed in a manner that would not be subject to tax.
(12) Capital Structure
On July 13, 2007, the Company approved to issue 34,210,526 ordinary shares upon exercise of options by the Group’s executives.
On July 31, 2007, the Company issued shares to the shareholders of CISG on the same date on a 10,000-to-1 share basis. All shares and per share data of the Company have been retrospectively restated in this consolidated financial statements to reflect the impact of the shares exchange.
On October 31, 2007, the Company issued 228,287,200 new shares to the public through IPO, representing 25% of total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2007.
On July 14, 2010, the Company issued 92,000,000 new shares to the public upon its following-on offering, represent 9.2% of total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2010.
On December 3, 2010, the Company’s board of directors approved a corporate share repurchase program authorizing up to US$100,000 in ADS repurchases by June 30, 2011. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had repurchased 331,059 ADS (equal to 6,621,180 ordinary shares), representing 0.66% of the total shares outstanding as December 31, 2010, for an aggregate price of approximately US$5,604 on the open market.
During year of 2010, the Company issued 5,100,780 new shares for the exercise of options, representing 0.51% of the total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2010.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(13) Net Income per Share
The computation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share is as follows:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Basic:
                       
Net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders
    191,737       300,841       422,308  
 
                 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
    912,497,726       912,497,726       958,029,717  
 
                 
Basic net income per ordinary share
    0.2101       0.3297       0.4408  
 
                 
Basic net income per ADS
    4.2025       6.5938       8.8162  
 
                 
 
                       
Diluted:
                       
Net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders
    191,737       300,841       422,308  
 
                 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
    912,497,726       912,497,726       958,029,717  
Share options
    4,837,664       15,814,586       32,288,811  
 
                 
Total
    917,335,390       928,312,312       990,318,528  
 
                 
Diluted net income per ordinary share
    0.2090       0.3241       0.4264  
 
                 
Diluted net income per ADS
    4.1803       6.4815       8.5288  
 
                 
Certain share options issued during 2007 have been cancelled in 2008 and 2009. For details of the options scheme issued, please refer to note 19 to the financial statements.
(14) Distribution of Profits
As stipulated by the relevant PRC laws and regulations applicable to China’s foreign investment enterprise, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain non-distributable reserves which include a statutory surplus reserve as of December 31, 2010. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of individual company’s net profit as reported in the PRC statutory statements of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs. The appropriations to statutory surplus reserve are required until the balance reaches 50% of the registered capital of respective subsidiaries and VIEs.
The statutory surplus reserve is used to offset future losses. These reserves represent appropriations of retained earnings determined according to PRC law and may not be distributed. There are no appropriations to reserves by the Company other than the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC during any of the periods presented. Amounts contributed to the statutory reserves were RMB103,877 and RMB136,681 as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(15) Related Party Balances and Transactions
The principal related party balances and transactions as of and for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010 are as follows:
a) Amounts due from related parties:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Amount due from an affiliate (i)
    500       20,000  
Amounts due from directors/officers (i)
    3,637        
Amounts due from noncontrolling shareholders (ii)
    21,200       20,000  
 
           
Total
    25,337       40,000  
 
           
b) Amounts due to related parties:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB  
Amount due to an affiliate (i)
    17,231        
Amount due to a shareholder (i)
    325        
Amounts due to noncontrolling shareholders (iii)
    1,718       37,800  
 
           
Total
    19,274       37,800  
 
           
     
(i)  
The amount due from/to an affiliate, amounts due from directors/officers and amount due to a shareholder were unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand. As of December 31, 2010, amount due from an affiliate represents RMB20,000 receivable from a subsidiary of Sincere Fame. This amount was subsequently settled on January 4, 2011.
 
(ii)  
Amounts due from noncontrolling interests were unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand. The amounts represented RMB20,000 receivable from Mr. Keping Lin (“Mr. Lin”) who committed to inject to Datong as working capital unilaterally within two years on the completion of selling Beijing Fanhua Datong Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Datong Investment”) to the Group. Such commitment has been cancelled subsequent to year ended December 31, 2010 on selling of Datong Investment on March 25, 2011.
 
(iii)  
As of December 31, 2010, included in amount due to noncontrolling shareholders was RMB30,000 payable to Mr. Lin, the selling shareholder of Datong Investment as Datong Investment met the year 2010 performance target. Such contingent consideration payable has been subsequently settled in 2011. The amount was unsecured, interest-free and repayable demand.
c) A subsidiary of the Company paid service charges of RMB807 and Nil to an affiliate for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(16) Commitments and Contingencies
The Group has several non-cancelable operating leases, primarily for office rent.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum operating lease payments as of December 31, 2010 are:
         
    Minimum Lease  
    Payment  
    RMB  
Year ending December 31:
       
2011
    21,251  
2012
    8,747  
2013
    5,586  
2014
    482  
2015
    72  
 
     
Total
    36,138  
 
     
Rental expenses incurred under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 amounted to RMB12,864, RMB25,622 and RMB30,340, respectively.
As of December 31, 2009 and 2010, the Group had a commitment of RMB1,152 and RMB365, respectively, in connection with acquisition of office equipment that would be due in the following year.
The Group entered into various acquisition agreements which contain certain purchase considerations that are contingent upon future performance of the acquired companies. Please refer to Note 3 for more details.
(17) Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentration risks
Details of the customers accounting for 10% or more of total net revenues from commissions and fees are as follows:
                                                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2008     % of sales     2009     % of sales     2010     % of sales  
    RMB           RMB             RMB          
PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited (“PICC”)
    180,595       21 %     225,847       20 %     275,889       19 %
China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd (“CPIC”)
    165,879       20 %     196,530       17 %     202,404       14 %
Aviva-Cofco Life Insurance Co., Ltd (“Aviva-Cofco”)
    *       *       *       *       192,670       13 %
Ping An Property & Casualty Insurance Company of China, Ltd (“Ping An”)
    98,410       12 %     140,057       12 %     156,251       11 %
 
                                   
 
    444,884       53 %     562,434       49 %     827,214       57 %
 
                                   

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
Details of the customers which accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable are as follows:
                                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     %     2010     %  
    RMB             RMB          
Aviva-Cofco
    26,176       14 %     62,509       26 %
PICC
    46,539       25 %     34,572       14 %
Ping An
    18,305       10 %     *       *  
CPIC
    17,638       10 %     *       *  
 
                       
 
    108,658       59 %     97,081       40 %
 
                       
 
     
*  
Less than 10%
The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable.
The Group places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality.
Substantially all of the Group’s revenues for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were generated from the PRC. A substantial portion of the identifiable assets of the Group is located in the PRC. Accordingly, no geographical segments are presented.
Currency risk
Except for the proceeds from initial public offering and follow-on offering are in USD, substantially all of the revenue-generating operations of the Group are transacted in RMB, which is not fully convertible into foreign currencies. On January 1, 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted by the People’s Bank of China. However, the unification of the exchange rate does not imply convertibility of RMB into USD or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions must take place either through the People’s Bank of China or other institutions authorized to buy and sell foreign exchange or at a swap center. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People’s Bank of China or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.
(18) Non-Cash Transactions
The Group entered into the following non-cash investing activities:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Considerations payable in connection with acquisition of subsidiaries
    11,406       85,380       30,000  
Considerations payable in connection with acquisition of an affiliate
          17,231        
Payables for addition of office equipment, furniture and fixtures
    4,652       12,593       9,799  
Net assets acquired in connection with acquisitions of subsidiaries (Note 15 (ii))
    20,000              

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(19) Share-based Compensation
2010 Options
On February 8, 2010, the Company granted 48,000,000 shares options (“2010 Options”) to its directors and employees to purchase ordinary share of the Company. 30% of the options are vested on March 31, 2011 (“Option E1”), 30% of the options on March 31, 2012 (“Option E2”), 20% of the options on March 31, 2013 (“Option E3”), and remaining 20% on March 31, 2014 (“Option E4”). The expiration date of the 2010 Options is March 31, 2016. The 2010 Options has an exercise price of US$0.8395 (RMB5.7308) per ordinary share, equal to price per ordinary share quoted on Nasdaq Global Select Market at the date of the passing resolutions, as determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. There is no intrinsic value of the option as of the date of grant. For the year ended December 31, 2010, share-based compensation expenses of RMB16,653 was recognized in connection with the 2010 Options.
The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the 2010 Options were as follows:
                                 
    Option E1     Option E2     Option E3     Option E4  
Weight average assumptions — expected dividend yield
    1.31 %     1.31 %     1.31 %     1.31 %
Risk-free interest rate
    2.35 %     2.61 %     2.82 %     3.06 %
Expected life
  3.64 years     4.14 years     4.64 years     5.14 years  
Expected volatility
    34.91 %     33.7 %     32.62 %     31.82 %
As of December 31, 2010, no 2010 Options had been exercised. The expected term was estimated by taking into consideration the expiration period and the vesting terms. Expected volatility was estimated based on daily stock prices of comparable companies for a period with length commensurate to expected term.
2009 Options
On March 9, 2009, the Company granted 10,000,000 shares options (“2009 Options”) to its employees to purchase ordinary share of the Company. 30% of the options are vested on March 31, 2010 (“Option D1”), 30% of the options on March 31, 2011 (“Option D2”), 20% of the options on March 31, 2012 (“Option D3”), and remaining 20% on March 31, 2013 (“Option D4”). The expiration date of the 2009 Options is March 31, 2015. The 2009 Options has an exercise price of US$0.336 (RMB2.2982) per ordinary share, equal to price per ordinary share quoted on Nasdaq Global Select Market at the date of the passing resolutions, as determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. There is no intrinsic value of the option as of the date of grant. For the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, share-based compensation expenses of RMB1,497 and RMB1,479 was recognized in connection with the 2009 Options.
The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the 2009 Options were as follows:
                                 
    Option D1     Option D2     Option D3     Option D4  
Weight average assumptions — expected dividend yield
    0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %
Risk-free interest rate
    3.35 %     3.51 %     3.55 %     3.61 %
Expected life
  3.56 years     4.06 years     4.56 years     5.06 years  
Expected volatility
    33.0 %     31.9 %     32.2 %     31.2 %
As of December 31, 2010, 772,500 shares of 2009 Options had been exercised. The expected term was estimated by taking into consideration the expiration period and the vesting terms. Expected volatility was estimated based on daily stock prices of comparable companies for a period with length commensurate to expected term.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
2008 Options
On November 21, 2008, the Company granted 32,000,000 share options to certain directors and employees of the Company (“2008 Options”). 30% of the options are vested on March 31, 2010 (“Option C1”), 30% of the options on March 31, 2011 (“Option C2”), 20% of the options on March 31, 2012 (“Option C3”), and remaining 20% on March 31, 2013 (“Option C4”). The expiration date of the 2008 Options is March 31, 2015. The 2008 Options has an exercise price of US$0.278 (RMB1.8967), equal to the fair value of the Company’s share price at the grant date, as determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. There is no intrinsic value of the option as of the date of grant. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, share-based compensation expenses of RMB4,269 and RMB4,079 was recognized in connection with 2008 Options.
The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the 2008 Options were as follows:
                                 
    Option C1     Option C2     Option C3     Option C4  
Weight average assumptions — expected dividend yield
    0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %
Risk-free interest rate
    3.70 %     3.71 %     3.93 %     4.07 %
Expected life
  3.86 years     4.36 years     4.86 years     5.36 years  
Expected volatility
    28.2 %     28.9 %     28.0 %     27.6 %
As of December 31, 2010, 2,328,280 shares in 2008 Options had been exercised. The expected term was estimated by taking into consideration the expiration period and the vesting terms. Expected volatility was estimated based on daily stock prices of comparable companies for a period with length commensurate to expected term.
2007 Options
(a) Option A
On February 3, 2007, CISG granted share options (“2007 Option A”) to the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer, Mr. David Tang to purchase 5,473,684 ordinary shares. The shares grant represents 0.8% of the issued share capital of CISG on a fully diluted basis upon full exercise of all outstanding options. The options vest over two-year period, with 40% of the options vest upon public listing of the Company and 30% on each of the first and second anniversary of his employment. The 2007 Option A has an exercise price of RMB2.3214 per ordinary share, equal to the fair value of CISG’s share price at the grant date, as determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The management of the Company determined the value of the Company’s share as of January 31, 2007, with the assistance of a third party valuation company. There is no intrinsic value of the option as of the date of grant.
The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the options were as follows:
         
Weighted average assumptions—expected dividend yield
    0 %
Risk-free interest rate
    2.71 %
Expected life
  5.6 years  
Expected volatility
    28.5 %
The expected term was estimated by taking into consideration the expiration period and the vesting terms. Expected volatility is estimated based on daily stock prices of comparable companies for a period with length commensurate to expected term.
On February 25, 2008, a resolution was passed to terminate the employment with Mr. David Tang. The effective day of the termination was April 1, 2008. An aggregate of 85% of options granted was vested to Mr. David Tang and immediately exercisable upon the termination of employment. All vested options to Mr. David Tang are deemed exercisable upon termination of employment and must be exercised prior to the valid date according the grant documents. If not exercised prior thereto, the vested options shall be expired and no longer be exercisable.
As of December 31, 2010, 2,000,000 shares in 2007 Option A had been exercised.

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(b) Option B
According to Board Resolution dated October 10, 2007, on October 31, 2007, the Company granted 42,000,000 share options (“2007 Option B”) to its employees to purchase common shares of the Company. Exercise price is US$0.8 per share. 40% of the options (“Option B1”) are vested on March 31, 2009, 30% of the options (“Option B2”) on March 31, 2010, and remaining 30% (“ Option B3”) on March 31, 2011. The expiration date of the options is March 31, 2014. The management of the Company determined the value of the Company’s share as of October 30, 2007 to be equal to the IPO price, which result in no intrinsic value of the option as of the date of grant.
The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the options were as follows:
                         
    Option B1     Option B2     Option B3  
Weight average assumptions — expected dividend yield
    0 %     0 %     0 %
Risk-free interest rate
    3.81 %     3.89 %     3.97 %
Expected life
  3.92 years     4.42 years     4.92 years  
Expected volatility
    23.07 %     23.29 %     24.20 %
For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, share-based compensation expenses of RMB1,787 and nil was recognized in connection with 2007 Option B, respectively.
In December 2008, 30,804,500 of 2007 Option B were cancelled and share-based compensation expenses amounting to RMB29,634, representing the remaining unamortized share-based compensation expenses for these options was recognized and included in the total share-based compensation in connection with 2007 Option B.
In June 2009, 2,360,600 of 2007 Option B were cancelled by cash settlement of RMB0.4 per share totaling RMB944 was charged in additional paid-in capital. In addition, share-based compensation expenses amounted to RMB1,510 representing the remaining unamortized share-based compensation expenses for these options was recognized and included in the total share-based compensation.
For the three years ended December 31, 2010, changes in the status of outstanding options were as follows:
                         
            Weighted        
    No. of Shares     average     Aggregate  
    underlying     exercise price in     Intrinsic Value  
    options granted     RMB     RMB  
Balance as of December 31, 2008
    39,492,631       2.2305       30,330  
Granted on March 9, 2009
    10,000,000       2.2982          
Exercised
                   
Cancelled
    (2,360,600 )     5.8437          
Forfeited
    (565,400 )     5.2703          
 
                 
Balance as of December 31, 2009
    46,566,631       2.0250       224,835  
Granted on February 8, 2010
    48,000,000       5.7308          
Exercised
    (5,100,780 )     2.1240          
Cancelled
                   
Forfeited
    (1,446,410 )     2.1513          
 
                 
Balance as of December 31, 2010
    88,019,441       4.0381       146,782  
 
                 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2010
    11,853,681       2.0618       43,193  
 
                 

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
As of December 31, 2010, there were totally 76,165,760 outstanding unvested options. As of December 31, 2009 and 2010, there was RMB19,581 and RMB71,680, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share options granted in 2009 and 2010.
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s share option plans for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB  
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted
    0.5790       0.7208       1.5770  
Total intrinsic value of options exercised
                32,465  
Total fair value of share options vested
    3,414             7,526  
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s stock option plans as of December 31, 2010:
                                 
            Weighted Average              
            Remaining     Weighted average        
            Contractual Life     exercise price in        
    Options outstanding     (Years)     RMB     Options Exercisable  
2010 Options
    48,000,000       4.25       5.7308        
2009 Options
    8,272,170       3.25       2.2982       2,068,770  
2008 Options
    29,094,640       3.26       1.8967       7,132,280  
2007 Option A
    2,652,631       6.0       2.3214       2,652,631  
 
                           
Total
    88,019,441                       11,853,681  
 
                           
(20) Restricted Net Assets
Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s PRC subsidiaries only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, the Group’s PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets either in the form of dividends, loans or advances. As of December 31, 2009 and 2010, the Company had restricted net assets of RMB1,233,052 and RMB1,490,552, respectively, which were not eligible to be distributed. These amounts were comprised of the registered capital of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and the statutory reserves disclosed in Note 14.
(21) Segment Reporting
The Group operates in four principal operating segments: P&C, Life, Claims Adjusting and Datong. Business segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
The principle activities of the four reportable operating segments are as follows:
1) P&C segment
This segment provides brokerage and agency services of property and casualty insurance products.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
2) Life segment
This segment mainly provides life insurance brokerage and agency services.
3) Claims Adjusting segment
This segment provides pre-underwriting survey, claim adjusting, disposal of residual value, loading and unloading supervision and consulting services.
4) Datong segment
Datong segment is engaged in providing life insurance brokerage and agency services. The Group considers Datong as a separate segment as the target customers is different from the life segment and its performance will be reviewed by management individually.
The following table shows our operations by business segment for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Other includes expenses not allocated to reportable segments and corporate related items.
                                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
 
               
Net revenues
                               
P&C
    599,353       783,220       821,259       124,433  
Life
    154,174       177,713       235,584       35,695  
Claims Adjusting
    89,012       140,670       177,094       26,832  
Datong
    1,423       53,248       251,092       38,044  
 
                       
Total net revenues
    843,962       1,154,851       1,485,029       225,004  
 
                       
Operating costs and expenses
                               
P&C
    (319,776 )     (408,643 )     (389,266 )     (58,980 )
Life
    (127,634 )     (158,804 )     (194,612 )     (29,487 )
Claims Adjusting
    (70,961 )     (121,753 )     (156,825 )     (23,761 )
Datong
    (5,837 )     (72,281 )     (214,001 )     (32,424 )
Others
    (109,954 )     (67,174 )     (98,710 )     (14,956 )
 
                       
Total operating costs and expenses
    (634,162 )     (828,655 )     (1,053,414 )     (159,608 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from operations
                               
P&C
    279,577       374,577       431,993       65,453  
Life
    26,540       18,909       40,972       6,208  
Claims Adjusting
    18,051       18,917       20,269       3,071  
Datong
    (4,414 )     (19,033 )     37,091       5,620  
Others
    (109,954 )     (67,174 )     (98,710 )     (14,956 )
 
                       
Total income from operations
    209,800       326,196       431,615       65,396  
 
                       

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
                         
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     US$  
 
               
Segment assets
                       
P&C
    956,836       1,876,999       284,394  
Life
    120,860       175,064       26,525  
Claims Adjusting
    174,425       175,777       26,633  
Datong
    169,507       282,799       42,848  
Others
    1,124,337       1,343,817       203,608  
 
                 
Total assets
    2,545,965       3,854,456       584,008  
 
                 

 

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CNINSURE INC.
Notes to The Consolidated Financial Statements
(
In thousands, except for shares and per share data)
(22) Subsequent Events
  (a)  
On March 25, 2011, the Company announced that it has reached definitive agreements to sell its 55% equity interest in Datong to an independent third party at a cash consideration of approximately US$63,690. In addition, Datong agreed to pay a cash dividend of RMB10,000 exclusively to the Company. The transaction has been completed on March 25, 2011.
 
  (b)  
On February 15, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement to waive the selling shareholders of Fanlian, Mintai, Baolian and Fangda to transfer 5% interest in Fanlian, Mintai, Baolian and Fangda if these entities fails to meet performance target as described in note (3)(a).
 
  (c)  
On April 28, 2011, our board of directors approved the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of 28,400,000 ordinary shares to certain directors, officers and employees pursuant to the amended and restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan. The exercise price of these options is US$0.734 per ordinary share equal to the closing price of ADS at grant date. These options will vest over a four-year period starting from March 31, 2012.

 

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CNINSURE INC.
SCHEDULE 1—CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY
Balance Sheets
(
In thousands, except for shares)
                         
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     US$  
ASSETS:
                       
Current assets:
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
    43,490       109,393       16,575  
Other receivables
    3,057       2,034       308  
Amounts due from subsidiaries
    1,011,289       1,539,092       233,196  
 
                 
Total current assets
    1,057,836       1,650,519       250,079  
Non-current assets:
                       
Investment in subsidiaries
    947,610       1,436,221       217,609  
 
                 
Total assets
    2,005,446       3,086,740       467,688  
 
                 
 
                       
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
                       
Current liabilities:
                       
Other payables
    10,030       12,557       1,903  
Amounts due to subsidiaries
    3,608       13,199       2,000  
 
                 
Total liabilities
    13,638       25,756       3,903  
Ordinary shares (Authorized shares:10,000,000,000 at US$0.001 each; issued and outstanding shares: 912,497,726 and 1,002,977,326 as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively)
    7,036       7,649       1,159  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,604,774       2,261,849       342,704  
Statutory reserves
    103,877       136,681       20,709  
Retained earnings
    348,663       738,165       111,843  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (72,542 )     (83,360 )     (12,630 )
 
                 
Total shareholders’ equity
    1,991,808       3,060,984       463,785  
 
                 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
    2,005,446       3,086,740       467,688  
 
                 

 

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CNINSURE INC.
SCHEDULE 1—CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY — (Continued)
Statements of Operations
(
In thousands)
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
General and administrative expenses
    (63,757 )     (18,749 )     (26,705 )     (4,046 )
Interest income
    17,089       896       450       68  
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    238,405       318,694       448,563       67,964  
 
                       
Net income
    191,737       300,841       422,308       63,986  
 
                       

 

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CNINSURE INC.
SCHEDULE 1—CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY — (Continued)
Statements of Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(
In thousands, except for shares)
                                                                 
                                    (Accumulated     Accumulated                
    Share Capital     Additional             deficit)     other                
    Number of             Paid-in     Statutory     retained     comprehensive (loss)             Comprehensive  
    Share     Amounts     Capital     Reserves     earnings     income     Total     (loss) income  
          RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB     RMB  
Balance as of January 1, 2008
    912,497,726       7,036       1,621,064       47,903       (87,941 )     (21,150 )     1,566,912       132,387  
 
                                                             
Share-based compensation
                45,659                         45,659          
Net income
                            191,737             191,737       191,737  
Provision for statutory reserves
                      23,334       (23,334 )                    
Foreign currency translation
                                  (52,660 )     (52,660 )     (52,660 )
 
                                               
Balance as of December 31, 2008
    912,497,726       7,036       1,666,723       71,237       80,462       (73,810 )     1,751,648       139,077  
 
                                                             
Share-based compensation
                6,609                         6,609          
Net income
                            300,841             300,841       300,841  
Dividends
                (68,558 )                       (68,558 )        
Provision for statutory reserves
                      32,640       (32,640 )                    
Foreign currency translation
                                  1,268       1,268       1,268  
 
                                               
Balance as of December 31, 2009
    912,497,726       7,036       1,604,774       103,877       348,663       (72,542 )     1,991,808       302,109  
Issuance of ordinary shares upon follow-on offering
    92,000,000       623       743,144                         743,767          
Exercise of share options
    5,100,780       34       10,041                         10,075          
Repurchase of ordinary shares
    (6,621,180 )     (44 )     (37,243 )                       (37,287 )        
Share-based compensation
                22,211                         22,211          
Net income
                              422,308             422,308       422,308  
Dividends
                (80,985 )                       (80,985 )        
Provision for statutory reserves
                      32,806       (32,806 )                    
Foreign currency translation
                                  (10,818 )     (10,818 )     (10,818 )
Others
                (93 )     (2 )                 (95 )        
 
                                               
 
               
Balance as of December 31, 2010
    1,002,977,326       7,649       2,261,849       136,681       738,165       (83,360 )     3,060,984       411,490  
 
                                               
Balance as of December 31, 2010 in US$
            1,159       342,704       20,709       111,843       (12,630 )     463,785       62,347  
 
                                               

 

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CNINSURE INC.
SCHEDULE 1—CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY — (Continued)
Statements of Cash Flows
(
In thousands)
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2010  
    RMB     RMB     RMB     US$  
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                               
Net income
    191,737       300,841       422,308       63,986  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash generated from operating activities:
                               
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    (238,405 )     (318,694 )     (448,563 )     (67,964 )
Compensation expenses associated with stock options
    45,659       6,609       22,211       3,365  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                               
Other receivables
    2,004       (459 )     1,023       155  
Other payables
    8,564       (2,547 )     2,527       383  
 
                       
Net cash generated from (used in) operating activities
    9,559       (14,250 )     (494 )     (75 )
 
                       
Cash flows from investing activities
                               
Increase in investment in subsidiaries
    (36,989 )     (5,653 )     (40,143 )     (6,082 )
Advances to subsidiaries
    (664,893 )     (198,132 )     (518,212 )     (78,517 )
 
                       
Net cash used in investing activities
    (701,882 )     (203,785 )     (558,355 )     (84,599 )
 
                       
Cash flows from financing activities:
                               
Proceeds from share issuances
                743,767       112,692  
Proceeds on exercise of stock options
                10,075       1,527  
Share repurchase
                (37,287 )     (5,650 )
Dividends paid
          (68,558 )     (80,985 )     (12,270 )
 
                       
Net cash generated from (used in) financing activities
          (68,558 )     635,570       96,299  
 
                       
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (692,323 )     (286,593 )     76,721       11,625  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    1,073,798       328,815       43,490       6,588  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    (52,660 )     1,268       (10,818 )     (1,638 )
 
                       
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
    328,815       43,490       109,393       16,575  
 
                       

 

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Table of Contents

CNINSURE INC.
Note to Schedule 1
(In thousands, except for shares)
Schedule 1 has been provided pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a), 5-04(c) and 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X, which require condensed financial statements as to the financial position, changes in financial position and results of operations of a parent company as if the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements have been presented when the restricted net assets of the consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries (including variable interest entities) together exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. As of December 31, 2010, RMB1,490,552 of the restricted capital and reserves are not available for distribution, and as such, the condensed financial statements of the Company has been presented for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.
CISG undertook a separate restructuring in anticipation of an initial public offering involving a holding company (the “Company”) that was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 10, 2007. The Company became the ultimate holding company upon completion of a 10,000-for-1 share exchange with the existing shareholders of CISG on July 31, 2007. The exchange was accounted for as a reverse merger on the basis that CISG was the accounting acquirer.

 

F-50