20-F

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report ____________________

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-33765

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Suite 301

No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street

Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027

The People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Dan Shao

Chief Executive Officer

AirNet Technology Inc.

Suite 301,

No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street

Chaoyang District, Beijing 10027

The People’s Republic of China

Phone: +86 10 8460 8818

Email: ellen@airmedia.com.sg

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
American Depositary Shares, each representing one ordinary share, par value US$0.04 per share	ANTE	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (The Nasdaq Capital Market)
Ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share*		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (The Nasdaq Capital Market)

*Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market of American depositary shares.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: As of December 31, 2022, 8,923,687  ordinary shares  (excluding 24,818 ordinary shares and ordinary shares represented by ADSs reserved for settlement upon exercise of our incentive share awards), par value US$0.04 per share, were outstanding.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ◻ No ⌧

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ◻ No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ◻	Accelerated Filer ◻
Non-Accelerated Filer ⌧	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepare its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ◻

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ◻

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ⌧ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting standards Board ◻ Other ◻

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement Item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ◻ Item 18 ◻

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ N ⌧

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

Yes ◻ No ◻

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION		2
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		5
PART I		7
ITEM 1.	IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS	7
ITEM 2.	OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE	7
ITEM 3.	KEY INFORMATION	7
ITEM 4.	INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY	46
ITEM 4A.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	63
ITEM 5.	OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS	63
ITEM 6.	DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES	80
ITEM 7.	MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	87
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	91
ITEM 9.	THE OFFER AND LISTING	93
ITEM 10.	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	94
ITEM 11.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	101
ITEM 12.	DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES	101
PART II		103
ITEM 13.	DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES	103
ITEM 14.	MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITIES HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS	103
ITEM 15.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	103
ITEM 16A.	AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT	104
ITEM 16B.	CODE OF ETHICS	104
ITEM 16C.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	105
ITEM 16D.	EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES	105
ITEM 16E.	PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS	105
ITEM 16F.	CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT	105
ITEM 16G.	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	106
ITEM 16H.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE	106
ITEM 16I.	DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS	106
ITEM 16J.	INSIDER TRADING POLICIES	106
PART III		108
ITEM 17.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	108
ITEM 18.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	108
ITEM 19.	EXHIBITS	108

1

INTRODUCTION

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, in this annual report:

● “ADSs” refers to our American depositary shares, each of which represents one ordinary share;

● “advertisers” refer to the ultimate brand-owners whose brands and products are being publicized by our advertisements, including both advertisers who purchase advertisements directly from us and advertisers who do so through third-party advertising agencies;

● “China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this annual report only, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;

● “AirNet Online” refers to Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.;

● “Chuangyi Technology” refers to Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiary in China;

● “Iwangfan” refers to Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.;

● “Linghang Shengshi” refers to Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.;

● “ordinary shares” refers to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share;

● “RMB” or “Renminbi” refers to the legal currency of China;

● “U.S. dollars,” “$,” “US$” or “dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States;

● “VIEs” means the variable interest entities that AirNet Technology Inc. controls and consolidates through contractual arrangements, including AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan, and “consolidated affiliated entities” refers to, collectively, the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries; and

● “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” or “AirNet” refers to the combined business of AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries, and the consolidated affiliated entities.

Although AirNet does not directly or indirectly own any equity interests in its VIEs or their respective subsidiaries, AirNet is the primary beneficiary of and effectively controls these entities through a series of contractual arrangements with these entities and their record owners. We have consolidated the financial results of these VIEs and their respective subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure,” “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” for further information on our contractual arrangements with these parties.

Our financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars, which is our reporting currency. Certain Renminbi figures in this annual report are translated into U.S. dollars solely for the reader’s convenience. Unless otherwise noted, all convenience translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars in this annual report were made at a rate of RMB6.8972 to $1.00, the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on December 30, 2022. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, at the rate stated above, or at all.

AirNet Technology Inc., our ultimate Cayman Islands holding company, does not have any substantive operations other than (1) directly controlling Chuangyi Technology, our wholly-owned subsidiary in China that controls and holds the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries through certain contractual arrangements, which conduct our air travel media network business operations, and (2) directly controlling Blockchain Dynamics Limited, our Hong Kong subsidiary that conducts our cryptocurrency mining business operations.

2

Investors in the ADSs are purchasing equity securities of our ultimate Cayman Islands holding company rather than purchasing equity securities of the consolidated affiliated entities. AirNet Technology Inc. is an investment holding company without substantive operations on its own, and we conduct our business operations through both our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, which we effectively control through certain contractual arrangements. We, together with our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, are subject to PRC laws relating to, among others, restrictions over foreign investments in advertising services companies set out in the Negative List (2021 Version) promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce, or the MOFCOM, and the National Development and Reform Commission of the PRC, or the NDRC. As a result, we have to control over the consolidated affiliated entities through contractual arrangements. Such structure is used to replicate foreign investment in China-based companies where the PRC law prohibits direct foreign investment in the operating companies. Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share in the consolidated affiliated entities. Instead, we control and receive the economic benefits of the consolidated affiliated entities’ business operation through a series of contractual agreements with the VIEs. The contractual agreements with the VIEs are designed to provide Chuangyi Technology with the power, rights, and obligations equivalent in all material respects to those it would possess as the principal equity holder of the consolidated affiliated entities, including absolute control rights and the rights to the assets, property, and revenue of the consolidated affiliated entities. As a result of our direct ownership in Chuangyi Technology and the contractual agreements with the consolidated affiliated entities, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the consolidated affiliated entities. Because of our corporate structure, we are subject to risks due to uncertainty of the interpretation and the application of the PRC laws and regulations, including but not limited to limitation on foreign ownership of PRC companies, and regulatory review of oversea listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the contractual agreements. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government in this regard. Our contractual agreements may not be effective in providing control over the consolidated affiliated entities. We may also subject to sanctions imposed by PRC regulatory agencies including China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, if we fail to comply with their rules and regulations.

We, our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to being based in and having significant operations in China. The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the ability of a China-based company, such as us and the consolidated affiliated entities, to conduct its business, accept foreign investments or list on U.S. or other foreign exchanges. For example, we and the consolidated affiliated entities face risks associated with regulatory approvals of offshore offerings, oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, as well as the uncertainty of the inspection on our auditors by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB. Such risks could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of the ADSs or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer ADSs and/or other securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. The PRC government also has significant discretion over the conduct of the business of us, our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, and may intervene with or influence our operations or the development of the advertising industry as it deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. Furthermore, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over overseas securities offerings and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. Any such action, once taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless. For further details, see “Item 3. Key Information-D. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

3

We are subject to a number of prohibitions, restrictions and potential delisting risk under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”). Pursuant to the HFCAA and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) will identify us as a “Commission-identified Issuer,” and the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchange, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the United States, will be prohibited if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for two consecutive years. In August 2022, the PCAOB, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Statement of Protocol”), which establishes a specific and accountable framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-governed accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. The PCAOB continues to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has also indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in China and we fail to retain registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB is able to inspect and investigate completely in 2023 and beyond, or if we otherwise fail to meet the PCAOB’s requirements, the ADSs will be delisted from the New York Stock Exchange, and our shares and ADSs will not be permitted for trading over the counter in the United States under the HFCAA and related regulations.

Our financial statements contained in the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 have been audited by Audit Alliance LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that is headquartered and located in Singapore. Audit Alliance LLP has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis and is currently not among the PCAOB registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong that are subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, which have been vacated by the PCAOB Board in December 2022 as the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in the same year. For more details about the risk on the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, and its impact on us, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Joint statement by the SEC and the PCAOB, and the HFCAA all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our continued listing or future offerings of our securities in the U.S.”

4

On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Provisions of the State Council Regarding the Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Administrative Provisions, and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Filing Measures and collectively with the Draft Administrative Provisions, the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, which stipulate that Chinese-based companies, or the issuer, shall fulfill the filing procedures after the issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market, and certain overseas offering and listing such as those that constitute a threat to or endanger national security, as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law, may be prohibited under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing. On February 17, 2023, with the approval of the State Council, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, among other requirements, (1) domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures with the CSRC; if a domestic company fails to complete the filing procedures, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties; and (2) where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity responsible for all filing procedures with the CSRC, and such filings shall be submitted to the CSRC within three business days after the submission of the overseas offering and listing application. On the same day, the CSRC also held a press conference for the release of the Trial Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which clarifies that (1) on or prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, domestic companies that have already submitted valid applications for overseas offering and listing but have not obtained approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges may reasonably arrange the timing for submitting their filing applications with the CSRC, and must complete the filing before the completion of their overseas offering and listing; (2) a six-month transition period will be granted to domestic companies which, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, have already obtained the approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges, but have not completed the indirect overseas listing; if domestic companies fail to complete the overseas listing within such six-month transition period, they shall file with the CSRC according to the requirements; and (3) the CSRC will solicit opinions from relevant regulatory authorities and complete the filing of the overseas listing of companies with contractual arrangements which duly meet the compliance requirements, and support the development and growth of these companies. Any such action, once taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless. We did not have to obtain such approval for our initial public offering on November 7, 2007 because such offering made was before the enactment of the Trial Measures; however, we will be obligated to obtain approvals with the CSRC for our future offerings. If we cannot obtain such approvals or the CSRC rescind our approvals, we may not continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any actions by the Chinese government, including any decision to intervene or influence the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, or to exert control over any offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of these entities, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.”

None of our PRC subsidiaries has issued any dividends or distributions to respective holding companies or any investors as of the date of this annual report. Our PRC subsidiaries generate and retain cash generated from operating activities and re-invest it in our business. Historically, our PRC subsidiaries have also received equity financing from its shareholders to fund business operations of our PRC subsidiaries. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we did not transfer cash proceeds to our PRC subsidiaries. In the future, cash proceeds raised from overseas financing activities may be, and are intended to be, transferred by us through subsidiaries in Hong Kong to our PRC subsidiaries via capital contribution and shareholder loans, as the case may be. Subsidiaries in China that receives such cash proceeds then will transfer funds to its subsidiaries to meet the capital needs of our business operations. For details about the applicable PRC rules that limit transfer of funds from overseas to our PRC subsidiaries, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenues or financing effectively.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains statements of a forward-looking nature. These statements are made under the “safe harbor provisions” of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

5

You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include but are not limited to:

● our growth strategies;

● our future business development, results of operations and financial condition, including the products and services combining in-flight connectivity, entertainment and cryptocurrency mining;

● competition in the advertising industry and in particular, the travel advertising industry in China;

● the expected growth in consumer spending, average income levels and advertising spending levels;

● the growth of the air, train and long-haul bus travel sectors in China;

● the length and severity of the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on our business and industry; and

● PRC governmental policies relating to the advertising industry.

You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report thoroughly and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

6

PART I

ITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION

A. [Reserved]

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Summary Risk Factors

Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and prospects. These risks are discussed more fully below and include, but are not limited to, risks related to:

Risks Related to Our Business

● We incurred net losses in the past and we may incur losses in the future.

● We have a limited operating history in various business lines, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.

● We may fail to successfully implement our new business initiatives in cryptocurrency mining, where we have limited experience.

● It may be or become illegal to acquire, own, hold, sell or use cryptocurrencies, participate in the blockchain, or transfer or utilize similar cryptocurrency assets in China or international markets where we operate due to adverse changes in the regulatory and policy environment in these jurisdictions.

● If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, our air travel media network, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow from our operating activities and our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

● If we do not succeed in launching our in-flight business, our future results of operations and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

● If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

7

● Because some of the shareholders of the VIEs in China are our directors and officers, their fiduciary duties to us may conflict with their respective roles in the VIEs, and their interest may not be aligned with the interests of our unaffiliated public security holders. If any of the shareholders of the VIEs fails to act in the best interests of our company or our shareholders, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

● We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a substantial portion of our China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.

● We have not registered the pledge of equity interest by certain shareholder of the consolidated affiliated entities with the relevant authority, and we may not be able to enforce the equity pledge against any third parties who acquire the equity interests in good faith in the relevant consolidated affiliated entities before the pledge is registered.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

● Adverse changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our services and have a material adverse effect on our competitive position.

● Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to us or result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention.

● Any actions by the Chinese government, including any decision to intervene or influence the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, or to exert control over any offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of these entities, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

● A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Risks Related to the Market for Our ADSs

● The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile.

● If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ADSs and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.

● We were named as a defendant or respondent in legal proceedings that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and reputation.

Risks Related to Our Business

We incurred net losses in the past and we may incur losses in the future.

In an effort to realign our business, we:

● divested most of our airport travel advertising business in 2015;

● completely terminated our advertising service at long-haul buses and gas stations and scaled down our on-train Wi-Fi business significantly in 2018, and in early 2019 ceased operations for Wi-Fi services on trains altogether;

● consolidated our efforts in providing in-flight contents of entertainment, advertising and digital multimedia in China; and

● strengthened our efforts in launching and operating our in-flight connectivity business and cryptocurrency mining business.

8

In anticipation of the immediate impacts of COVID-19, we diverted our resources into the development of mining of cryptocurrencies since the beginning of 2021 while the staggering effects of COVID-19 on the economy and airline industry were being evaluated.

We have incurred net losses in recent years, and notwithstanding we recorded net income in 2020 and in spite of our efforts to transition into our new business, we may incur loss in the future. With respect to the termination of our advertising service at gas station and our on-train Wi-Fi business, we no longer pay concession fees. With respect to providing contents on flights, we have paid, and expect to continue to pay concession fees to secure time intervals to play advertising contents. With respect to our in-flight connectivity business, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial expenses in the form of acquisition of concession rights, initial system development and installation investments and ongoing system operation and maintenance costs. In the event of any significant technology development, we may need to incur further system development expenses.

Concession fees constitute a significant part of our cost of revenues and most of our concession fees are fixed under the concession rights contracts with an escalation clause. These fees payments are usually due in advance. However, our revenues may fluctuate significantly from period to period for various reasons. For instance, when new concession rights contracts are signed for a period, additional concession fees are incurred immediately, but it may take some time for us to generate revenues from these concession rights contracts because it takes time to find advertisers for the time slots and locations made available under these new contracts. If we are not able to attract enough advertisers and customers, or at all, our revenue will decrease and we may continue to incur losses given most of our costs and expenses are fixed.

We have a limited operating history in various business lines, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.

Although we began our business operations in August 2005, we started to explore our in-flight connectivity business in 2015, and began operating our in-flight content business in 2015 as well divested our airport travel advertising business in 2015. As a result of our business realignment, we completely terminated our advertising service at long-haul buses and gas stations and scaled down our on-train Wi-Fi business significantly in 2018, and in early 2019 ceased operations for Wi-Fi services on trains altogether. In addition, we established a new line of business in relation to cryptocurrency mining in 2021. We propose to restructure our principal business operations by (1) installing the cryptocurrency mining equipment in newly setup data center over time and (2) divesting our original air travel media network business and dispose of the related assets. Our limited operating history in these new business lines may not provide a meaningful basis for you to evaluate our business, financial performance and prospects. It is also difficult to evaluate the viability of our business model because we do not have sufficient experience to address the risks that we may encounter during our business operations. Certain members of our senior management team have worked together for a relatively short period of time and it may be difficult for us to evaluate their effectiveness, on an individual or collective basis, and their ability to address future challenges to our business. Because of our limited operating history, we may not be able to:

● manage our relationships with relevant parties to retain existing concession rights and obtain new concession rights on commercially advantageous terms or at all;

● retain existing and acquire new advertisers and third-party content providers;

● secure a sufficient number of low-cost hardware for our business from our suppliers;

● manage our operations;

● successfully launch new business and operate our existing business;

● respond to competitive market conditions;

● respond to changes in the PRC regulatory regime;

● maintain adequate control of our costs and expenses; or

● attract, train, motivate and retain qualified personnel.

9

We may fail to successfully implement our new business initiatives in cryptocurrency mining, where we have limited experience.

We have established a new line of business in relation to cryptocurrency mining to mitigate the adversary impacts of COVID-19 on our in-flight connectivity business. On December 30, 2020 and February 4, 2021, we entered into investment agreements with Unistar Group Holdings Limited, or Unistar, and Northern Shore Group Limited, or Northern Shore, respectively, pursuant to which we issued ordinary shares in exchange for the delivery and transfer of computer servers specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies. On April 6, 2022, we entered into an investment agreement with Unistar, pursuant to which we issued (1) 4,448,847 ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, and (2) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,945,137 newly issued ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, to Unistar and Northern Shore in exchange for the delivery and transfer of 5,000 ANTMINER S19 and 2,000 INNO A11 computer servers to further expand our cryptocurrency business. We generate revenue from the cryptocurrency we earn through our mining activities, which we may hold for our own account and/or sell at prices and times as determined by our executive management team in accordance with our corporate strategy. Our cryptocurrency mining business started to generate revenue in 2021, and we recognized related revenue of $2.6 million and $0.2 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, cryptocurrency mining is substantially different from our existing business in many ways, such as business model and governmental and regulatory requirements. In particular, the cryptocurrency mining industry is characterized by constant changes, including rapid technological evolution, continual shifts in government regulations, frequent introductions of new products and solutions and constant emergence of new industry standards and practices. In addition, our cryptocurrency mining business have been and are expected to continue to be significantly impacted by the volatility of the cryptocurrency market, and in particular, the sharp price decrease of cryptocurrencies. The cryptocurrency market is highly volatile, and the prices of cryptocurrencies have experienced significant fluctuations over their short existence and may continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. We expect our results of operations to be affected by the prices of cryptocurrencies, in particular, significantly and negatively impacted by the sharp price decrease of the prices of cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the cryptocurrency market will remain active enough or that the prices for any of these cryptocurrencies will not decline significantly in the future, as several major crypto trading platforms have declared bankruptcy. For example, Voyager, a major crypto trading platform, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on July 1, 2022, and Celsius Network, a large cryptocurrency lending platform, filed for bankruptcy protection on July 13, 2022. Relevant restrictions from existing and future regulations on mining, holding, using, or transferring of cryptocurrencies may also adversely affect our future business operations and results of operations. See “—It may be or become illegal to acquire, own, hold, sell or use cryptocurrencies, participate in the blockchain, or transfer or utilize similar cryptocurrency assets in China or international markets where we operate due to adverse changes in the regulatory and policy environment in these jurisdictions.” Based on our limited experience in cryptocurrency mining business and the unpredictable policy changes towards such business, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in implementing our new business initiatives in cryptocurrency mining, and our existing business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

10

It may be or become illegal to acquire, own, hold, sell or use cryptocurrencies, participate in the blockchain, or transfer or utilize similar cryptocurrency assets in China or international markets where we operate due to adverse changes in the regulatory and policy environment in these jurisdictions.

We have established a new line of business in relation to cryptocurrency mining in 2021. Our cryptocurrency mining business started to generate revenue in 2021, and we recognized related revenue of $2.6 million and $0.2 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Our cryptocurrency mining business could be significantly affected by, among other things, the regulatory and policy developments in international markets where we operate, such as China and the United States. Governmental authorities are likely to continue to issue new laws, rules and regulations governing the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry we operate in and enhance enforcement of existing laws, rules and regulations. For example, the People’s Bank of China, the Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, CSRC and China Insurance Regulatory Commission issued Announcement on Preventing Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) Risks on September 4, 2017, prohibiting all organizations and individuals from engaging in initial coin offering transactions. On May 21, 2021, the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council called for the need to resolutely control financial risks and crack down on cryptocurrency mining and trading activities. Furthermore, on June 21, 2021, the People’s Bank of China was reported to have held interviews with certain financial institutions in China, and stressed that banks and other financial institutions in China shall strictly implement the Circular on Prevention of Risks from Bitcoin and the Announcement on Preventing Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) Risks and other regulatory requirements, diligently fulfill their customer identification obligations, and shall not provide account opening, registration, trading, clearing, settlement and other services related to blockchain and cryptocurrency business. On September 3, 2021, the NDRC, the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Office of Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Circular on Regulating Virtual Currency “Mining” Activities, which classifies the virtual currency mining activities as the eliminated industry of the Catalogue for Guiding Industry Restructuring, which prohibits investments in projects falling within this category. On September 15, 2021, the People’s Bank of China, the Office of Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the PRC Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, CSRC and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange jointly issued the Circular on Further Preventing and Disposing of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation Risks, which deems all cryptocurrency-related business activities, including: (1) exchanging legitimate currencies and cryptocurrencies or different types of crypto currencies for each other, (2) trading cryptocurrencies as central counterparty, (3) provision of intermediary services or pricing services for cryptocurrency transactions, (4) issuance of tokens for financing, and (5) cryptocurrency related derivatives trading, as “illegal financial activities” that could involve illegal offerings of token notes, unauthorized public offerings of securities, illegal operation of futures business or illegal fundraising. It also provides that any cryptocurrency exchange offering services to Chinese residents from outside China through the internet will also be regarded as conducting “illegal financial activities.” On March 12, 2022, the NDRC published the Market Access Negative List (2022 Edition), which lists the virtual currency mining activities as the “backward production processes and equipment” under the eliminated item in the Catalogue for Guiding Industrial Restructuring. According to such list, market entities are prohibited from investing in eliminated items.

In light of these developments in China, we had terminated our cryptocurrency business in China and initiated a transition of our cryptocurrency business from China to the U.S. We may be subject to restrictions relating to the transfer of cryptocurrency mining machines out of China, as China has recently strengthened regulations on exports of goods, technology and services. Specifically, for computers and related components used in cryptocurrency mining machines, exporting enterprises should carefully evaluate whether the mining machines, their components, and any data or information contained therein are subject to export restrictions, and therefore are required to go through relevant export licensing procedures before such mining machines can be transported out of China. The relevant restrictions that apply to the transfer of cryptocurrency mining machines by us include, but are not limited to, the Catalogue of Goods Prohibited from Export, the Catalogue of Goods Subject to Export License Management, the Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited from Export and Restricted from Export in China, the Catalogue for the Administration of Import and Export Licenses of Dual-use Items and Technologies, and other applicable export control catalogues and lists. If we are deemed to have violated export restrictions or data security regulations in China or otherwise become subject to government interferences, we might still subject to administrative penalties or criminal investigation by relevant government authorities. Moreover, we cannot assure you that the government authorities in these international markets will not adopt new laws and regulations in the future to restrict blockchain and cryptocurrency business.

11

Some jurisdictions, including China, restrict various uses of cryptocurrencies, including the use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange, the conversion between cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies or between cryptocurrencies, the provision of trading and other services related to cryptocurrencies by financial institutions and payment institutions, and initial coin offerings and other means of capital raising based on cryptocurrencies. We cannot assure you that these jurisdictions will not enact new laws or regulations that further restrict activities relate to cryptocurrencies.

In addition, cryptocurrencies may be used by market participants for black market transactions, to conduct fraud, money laundering and terrorism-funding, tax evasion, economic sanction evasion or other illegal activities. As a result, governments may seek to regulate, restrict, control or ban the mining, use, holding and transferring of cryptocurrencies. We may not be able to eliminate all instances where other parties use cryptocurrencies mined by us to engage in money laundering or other illegal or improper activities. We cannot assure you that we will successfully detect and prevent all money laundering or other illegal or improper activities which may adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to the environmental-impact concerns related to the potential high demand for electricity to support cryptocurrency mining activity, political concerns, and for other reasons, we may be required to cease mining operations without much or any prior notice by a national or local government’s formal or informal requirement or because of the anticipation of an impending requirement.

Any such government action or anticipated action could have a negative impact not only on the value of existing miners owned by us, but on our ability to purchase new miners and their prices. Such government action or anticipated action could also have a deleterious impact on the price of cryptocurrencies. At a minimum, such events could result in an increase in the volatility of the price of the cryptocurrencies and value of miners owned by us. Moreover, if we discontinue mining operations in any one of the locations in response to such government action or anticipated action, we are likely to transfer miners to an alternative location. However, this process would result in costs associated with the transfer to be incurred by us, as well as the transferred miners being off-line and not able to mine cryptocurrencies for some time. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by these adverse changes in the regulatory and policy environment in in the markets where we operate our blockchain and cryptocurrency mining operations.

If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, our air travel media network, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow from our operating activities and our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our success in our air travel media business depends on the acceptance of our advertising network by advertisers and their interest in it as a part of their advertising strategies. Our advertisers may elect not to use our services if they believe that consumers are not receptive to our media network or that our network is not a sufficiently effective advertising medium. If consumers find our network to be disruptive or intrusive, airplane companies may refuse to allow us to place our programs on airplanes, and our advertisers may reduce spending on our network.

If we are not able to adequately track air traveler responses to our programs, in particular track the demographics of air travelers most receptive to air travel media, we will not be able to provide sufficient feedback and data to existing and potential advertisers to help us generate demand and determine pricing. Without improved market research, advertisers may reduce their use of air travel media and instead turn to more traditional forms of advertising that have more established and proven methods of tracking the effectiveness of advertisements.

Demand for our advertising services and the resulting advertising spending by our advertisers may fluctuate from time to time, and our advertisers may reduce the money they spend to advertise on our network for any number of reasons. If a substantial number of our advertisers lose interest in advertising on our media network for these or other reasons or become unwilling to purchase advertising time slots or locations on our network, we will be unable to generate sufficient revenues and cash flow to operate our business, and our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

12

If we do not succeed in launching our in-flight business, our future results of operations and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

Driven by innovation, we gradually reinvented ourselves and shaped our core competitiveness in providing in-flight solutions to connectivity, entertainment and digital multimedia in China. We began to explore the in-flight business in 2018, which has sustained adversary impacts caused by the spread of COVID-19 and the measurements taken to contain such spread. We collaborated with partners to deliver in-flight connectivity solutions and a wide range of in-flight entertainment and advertising contents streaming via the connectivity. We may face unexpected new risks as we continue to launch this new business. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be able to generate enough, or any, revenue from this business. If we fail to do so, our considerable amounts of investment on system development will materially and adversely affect our business and financial results.

In our new business, we may face new competition. If we cannot successfully address the foregoing new challenges and compete effectively, we may not be able to develop a sufficiently large advertiser base, recover costs incurred for developing and marketing our new business, and eventually achieve profitability from these businesses, the failure of which could have a material and adverse impact on our future results of operations and growth prospects.

We may be adversely affected by a significant or prolonged economic downturn in the level of consumer spending in the industries and markets served by our customers.

Our business depends on demand for our advertising services from our customers, which could be affected by the level of business activity and economic condition of our customers and may in turn be affected by the level of consumer spending in the markets that our customers serve. Therefore, our businesses and earnings could be affected by general business and economic conditions in China as well as abroad.

Advertising revenues from advertisers in the automobile industry accounted for a significant portion of our revenues in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Any significant or prolonged slowdown or decline of this industry or the economy of China, countries with close economic ties with China or the overall global economy will affect consumers’ disposable income and consumer spending in such industry, and lead to a decrease in demand for our services.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations were and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.

The outbreak of the COVID-19, a novel strain of coronavirus, has been continuing to spread rapidly throughout the world. The COVID-19 has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of facilities in China and many other countries since its outbreak. The spread of the pandemic and efforts to contain and counter the spread of the pandemic has restrained the flow of travelers both domestically and internationally. As our primary business is to provide in-flight connectivity and contents in the nature of information and entertainment to travelers by air, our results of operations and financial condition have been adversely affected and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19, to the extent that COVID-19 exerts long-term negative impact on the global economy.

Government efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 through city lockdowns or “stay-at-home” orders, widespread business closures, restrictions on travel and emergency quarantines, among others, have caused significant and unprecedented disruptions to the global economy and normal business operations across sectors and countries. Many businesses and social activities in China and other countries and regions were severely disrupted. Notwithstanding the significant shift from the zero-COVID policy by the Chinese government in December 2022, which led to the relaxation of the strict pandemic control measures since then, the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to affect our business, financial condition and results of operations for the full year 2023 to some extent. The extent to which this outbreak impacts our results of operations will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including the COVID-19 variants, regional resurgence of COVID-19 cases, the severity of the disease, the success or failure of efforts to contain or treat the disease, and future actions we or the authorities may take in response to these developments.

13

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from the provision of air travel media services. A contraction in the air travel media industry in China may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Approximately 93.2% of our revenues from continuing operations in 2022 was generated from the provision of air travel media services through the display of advertisements on digital TV screens on airplanes. We expect digital TV screens on airplanes to contribute substantially all of our air travel network revenue and a majority of all our revenue in the foreseeable future. If we cannot successfully generate revenues from our other business, this situation will continue into the foreseeable future. A contraction in air travel media industry in China could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to carry out our operations as specified in existing concession rights contracts, retain or renew existing concession rights contracts or to obtain new concession rights contracts on commercially advantageous terms, we may be unable to maintain or expand our network coverage and our costs may increase significantly in the future.

Except for the cryptocurrency business that we started in early 2021, our ability to carry out almost all of our advertising business depends on the availability of the necessary concession rights. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to carry out our operations as specified in our concession rights contracts, and any failure to perform may affect the availability of our concession rights and materially and negatively affect our business.

We may also be unable to retain or renew concession rights contracts when they expire. Most of our concession rights contracts have no automatic renewal provisions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to renew any or all of our concession contracts when they expire. Furthermore, even if we manage to renew a concession right contract, the terms of the new contract may not be commercially favorable to us. The concession fees that we incur under our concession rights contracts comprise a significant portion of our cost of revenues, which may further increase upon renewals. If we cannot pass increased concession costs onto our customers, our earnings and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, many of our concession rights contracts contain provisions granting us certain exclusive concession rights. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain these exclusivity provisions when we renew these contracts. If we were to lose exclusivity, our advertisers may decide to advertise with our competitors or otherwise reduce their spending on our network and we may lose market share.

We cannot assure you that our concession rights contracts will not be unilaterally terminated during their terms, whether with or without justification. In addition, many of our concession rights contracts were entered into with the advertising companies operated by or advertising agencies hired by airline companies, without such airline companies being parties to these contracts. Although these advertising companies and agencies have generally represented to us in writing that they have the rights to operate advertising media on airplanes and all of them have performed their contractual obligations, we cannot assure you that airline companies will not challenge or revoke the contractual concession rights granted to us by their advertising companies or agencies; if such challenges or revocations occur, our revenues and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If we fail to properly perform our existing concession rights contracts, retain existing concession rights contracts or obtain new concession rights contracts on commercially advantageous terms, we may be unable to maintain or expand our network coverage and our costs may increase significantly in the future.

A significant portion of our revenues has been derived from a limited number of airline companies in China. If any of these airline companies experiences a material business or flight disruption or if there are changes in our arrangements with these airline companies, we may incur substantial losses of revenues.

We derived a significant portion of our revenues from operations in 2022 from five airline companies in China. As of the date of this annual report, we have concession rights contracts to place our programs on China Eastern Airline, Shanghai Airline, Xiamen Airline, Air China and Shenzhen Airline, which in the aggregate contributed more than a majority of our revenue from digital TV screens on airplanes in 2022. A material business or flight disruption of any of those airline companies could negatively affect our advertising media on airplanes operated by those companies.

We expect our advertising platform with these abovementioned airline companies to continue to contribute a significant portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future. If any such companies experience a material business or flight disruption, we may lose a substantial amount of revenues.

14

We depend on third-party program producers to provide the non-advertising content that we include in our programs. Failure to obtain high-quality content on commercially reasonable terms could materially reduce the attractiveness of our network, harm our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The programs on the majority of our digital TV screens include both advertising and non-advertising content. Third-party content providers and various other television stations and television production companies have contracts with us to provide the majority of the non-advertising content played on our digital TV screens on airplanes. There is no assurance that we will be able to renew these contracts, enter into substitute contracts to obtain similar contents or obtain non-advertising content on satisfactory terms, or at all. To make our programs more attractive, we must continue to secure contracts with third-party content providers. If we fail to obtain a sufficient amount of high-quality content on a cost-effective basis, advertisers may find advertising on our network unattractive and may not wish to purchase advertising time slots or locations on our network, which would materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

When our current advertising network of digital TV screens and LED screens becomes saturated on the airlines which we directly or indirectly partner with, we may be unable to offer additional time slots or locations to satisfy all of our advertisers’ needs, which could hamper our ability to generate higher levels of revenues and profitability over time.

When our network of digital TV screens and LED screens in airplanes becomes saturated in any particular airline which we directly or indirectly partner with, we may be unable to offer additional advertising time slots or locations to satisfy all of our advertisers’ needs. We would need to increase our advertising rates for advertising in such airlines or other locations to increase our revenues.

However, advertisers may be unwilling to accept rate increases, which could hamper our ability to generate higher level of revenues over time. In particular, the utilization rates of our advertising time slots and locations on the three largest airlines in China are higher than those on other airlines in 2020, 2021 and 2022, and saturation or oversaturation of digital TV screens on these airlines could have a material adverse effect on our growth prospects.

Our advertising agencies could engage in activities that are harmful to our reputation in the industry and to our business.

We engage third-party advertising agencies to help source advertisers from time to time. These third-party advertising agencies assist us in identifying advertisers and introduce potential advertisers to us. In return, we pay fees to these advertising agencies if they generate advertising revenues for us. Fees that we pay to these third-party agencies are calculated based on a pre-set percentage of revenues generated from the advertisers introduced to us by such agencies and are paid when payments are received from the advertisers. Our contractual arrangements with these advertising agencies do not provide us with control or oversight over their everyday business activities, and one or more of these agencies may engage in activities that violate PRC laws and regulations governing the advertising industry and related non-advertising content, or other laws and regulations. If the advertising agencies we use violate PRC advertising or other laws or regulations, it could harm our reputation in the industry and have detrimental effects on our business operations.

Because we rely on third-party advertising agencies to help engage advertisers, if we fail to maintain stable business relations with key third-party agencies or to attract additional agencies on competitive terms, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We rely on third-party advertising agencies to help engage advertisers from time to time. We do not have long-term or exclusive agreements with these advertising agencies, including our key third-party advertising agencies, and cannot assure you that we will continue to maintain stable business relations with them. Furthermore, the fees we pay to these third-party advertising agencies constitute a significant portion of our cost of revenues. If we fail to maintain harmonious relationship with existing third-party advertising agencies or to attract additional advertising agencies with fees based on our current pre-set percentage of revenues generated from the advertisers introduced to us by them, the fees we pay such advertising agencies may have to significantly increase. If any of the above happens, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

A limited number of advertisers have historically accounted for a significant portion of our revenues and this dependence may reoccur in the future, which would make us more vulnerable to the loss of major advertisers or delays in payments from these advertisers.

A limited number of advertisers historically accounted for a significant portion of our revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, two individual customers each year accounted for over 10% of total revenue.

15

If we fail to sell our services to one or more of our major advertisers in any particular period, or if a major advertiser purchases fewer of our services, fails to purchase additional advertising time on our network, or cancels some or all of its purchase orders with us, our revenues could decline, and our operating results could be adversely affected. The dependence on a small number of advertisers made us more vulnerable to payment delays from these advertisers. We are required under some of our concession rights contracts to make prepayments and although we do receive some prepayments from advertisers, there is typically a lag between the time of our prepayment of concession fees and the time that we receive payments from our advertisers. As our business expands and revenues grow, we have experienced and may continue to experience an increase in our accounts receivable. If any of our major advertisers are significantly delinquent with its payments, our liquidity and financial conditions may be materially and adversely affected.

We face significant competition in the advertising industry in China, and if we do not compete successfully against new and existing competitors, we may lose our market share, and our profits may be reduced.

We face significant competition in the advertising industry in China. We compete for advertisers primarily on the basis of price, program quality, the range of services offered and brand recognition. We primarily compete for advertising dollars spent in the air travel media industry. We may also face competition from new competitors as we enter into new markets.

Significant competition could reduce our operating margins and profitability and lead to a loss of market share. Some of our existing and potential competitors may have competitive advantages such as significantly greater brand recognition, a longer history in the out-of-home advertising industry and financial, marketing or other resources, and may be able to mimic and adopt our business model. In addition, several of our competitors have significantly larger advertising networks than we do, which gives them an ability to reach a larger number of overall potential consumers and may make them less susceptible than we are to downturns in particular advertising sectors, such as air travel. Moreover, significant competition will provide advertisers with a wider range of media and advertising service alternatives, which could lead to lower prices and decreased revenues, gross margins and profits focus. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete against new or existing competitors, and failure to compete may reduce for existing market share and profits.

Our results of operations are largely subject to fluctuations in the demand for air travel. A decrease in the demand for air travel may make it difficult for us to sell our advertising time slots and locations.

To a large extent, our results of operations are linked to the demand for air travel, which fluctuates greatly from period to period, and is subject to seasonality due to holiday travel and weather conditions. Other factors that may affect our results include:

● Downturns in the economy. Business travel is one of the primary drivers of the air travel industry and it tends to increase in times of economic growth and decrease in times of economic slowdown. A decrease in air passengers in China could lead to lower advertiser spending on our air travel media network.

● Plane crashes or other accidents. An aircraft crash or other accident, such as those in 2014 involving certain Asian-based airlines, could create a public perception that air travel is not safe or reliable, which could result in air travelers being reluctant to fly. Significant aircraft delays due to capacity constraints, weather conditions or mechanical problems could also reduce demand for air travel, especially for shorter domestic flights.

● Adverse effect of the COVID-19 outbreak. As our primary business is to provide in-flight connectivity and contents in the nature of information and entertainment to travelers by air, our results of operations and financial condition have been adversely affected and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19, to the extent that COVID-19 exerts long-term negative impact on the global economy. See “—Our business, financial condition and results of operations were and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.”

If the demand for air travel within our network decreases for any of these or other reasons, advertisers may be reluctant to advertise on our network and we may be unable to sell our advertising time slots or locations or charge premium prices.

16

Past and future acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.

We have acquired and may continue to acquire businesses, technologies, services or products which are complementary to our business in relation to cryptocurrency mining in the future. Past and future acquisitions may expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with:

● the integration of new operations, services and personnel;

● unforeseen or hidden liabilities;

● the diversion of resources from our existing business and technology; or

● failure to achieve the intended objectives of our acquisitions.

Any of these potential risks could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to manage our business, our revenues and net income.

We may need to raise additional debt or sell additional equity securities to make future acquisitions. The raising of additional debt funding by us, if required, would increase debt service obligations and may lead to additional operating and financing covenants, or liens on our assets, that would restrict our operations. The sale of additional equity securities could cause additional dilution to our shareholders.

Our acquisition strategy also depends on our ability to obtain necessary government approvals. See “—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The M&A Rule sets forth complex procedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors which could make it more difficult to pursue growth through acquisitions.”

Our quarterly and annual operating results are difficult to predict and have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Our quarterly and annual operating results are difficult to predict and have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from period to period based on the performance of our new business, the seasonality of air travel, consumer spending and corresponding advertising trends in China. Air travel and advertising spending in China generally tend to increase during major national holidays in October and tend to decrease during the first quarter of each year. Air travel and advertising spending in China is also affected by certain special events and related government measures. As a result, and also due to the unpredictable performance of our new business, you may not be able to rely on period-to-period comparisons of our operating results as an indication of our future performance. Other factors that may cause our operating results to fluctuate include a deterioration of economic conditions in China and potential changes to the regulation of the advertising industry in China. If our revenues for a particular quarter are lower than we expect, we may be unable to reduce our operating costs and expenses for that quarter by a corresponding amount, and it would harm our operating results for that quarter relative to our operating results for other quarters.

Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key employees, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees. We rely on their industry expertise, their experience in business operations and sales and marketing, and their working relationships with our advertisers, airlines, and relevant government authorities.

If one or more of our senior executives and other key employees were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we might not be able to replace them easily or at all. If any of our senior executives and other key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose advertisers, suppliers, key professionals and staff members. Each of our executive officers and other key employees has entered into an employment agreement with us which contains non-competition provisions. However, if any dispute arises between any of our executive officers and other key employees and us, we cannot assure you the extent to which any of these agreements could be enforced in China, where most of these executive officers and other key employees reside. See “—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to us or result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention.”

17

Failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and effective disclosure controls and procedures could have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our ADSs.

We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which must also contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. SEC rules also require every public company to include a management report containing management’s assessment of the effectiveness of such company’s disclosure controls and procedures in its annual report.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the past. If we fail to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our securities. In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, our management concluded we had material weaknesses in our internal controls. Despite our continued efforts and the improvement achieved, our management has concluded that we had not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness as of December 31, 2022 was related to the weak operating effectiveness and lack of monitoring of controls over financial reporting due to inadequate resources or resources with insufficient experience or training in our financial reporting team, administration team and human resource team. See “Item 15. Controls and Procedures.” Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could negatively affect the reliability of our financial information and reduce investors’ confidence in our reported financial information, which in turn could result in lawsuits being filed against us by our shareholders, otherwise harm our reputation or negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs. Furthermore, we have incurred and anticipate that we will continue to incur considerable costs and use significant management time and other resources in an effort to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

We may need additional capital which, if obtained, could result in dilution or significant debt service obligations. We may not be able to obtain additional capital on commercially reasonable terms, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.

We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, especially given our investment in our cryptocurrency mining business. If our current resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity.

In addition, our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:

● investors’ perception of, and demand for, securities of alternative advertising media companies;

● conditions of the market;

● our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows; and

● PRC governmental regulation of foreign investment in advertising services companies in China.

We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure to raise additional funds on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.

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Compliance with PRC laws and regulations may be difficult and could be costly, and failure to comply could subject us to government sanctions.

As an advertising service provider, we are obligated under PRC laws and regulations to monitor the advertising content shown on our network for compliance with applicable law. Violation of these laws or regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising fees, orders to cease dissemination of the offending advertisements and orders to publish advertisements correcting the misleading information. In case of serious violations, the PRC authorities may revoke our license for advertising business operations. In general, the advertisements shown on our network have previously been broadcast over public television networks and have been subjected to internal review and verification by such networks, but we are still required to independently review and verify these advertisements for content compliance before displaying them. In addition, if a special government review is required for certain product advertisements before they are shown to the public, we are required to confirm that such review has been performed and approval obtained. For advertising content related to certain types of products and services, such as food products, alcohol, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and medical procedures, we are required to confirm that the advertisers have obtained requisite government approvals, including review of operating qualifications, proof of quality inspection of the advertised products, government pre-approval of the contents of the advertisement and filing with local authorities.

We endeavor to comply with such requirements through means such as requesting relevant documents from the advertisers. However, we cannot assure you that each advertisement that an advertiser provides to us and which we include in our network programs is in full compliance with all relevant PRC advertising laws and regulations or that such supporting documentation and government approvals provided to us are complete. Although we employ qualified advertising inspectors who are trained to review advertising content for compliance with relevant PRC laws and regulations, the content standards in the PRC are less certain and less clear than those in more developed countries such as the United States and we cannot assure you that we will always be able to properly review all advertising content to comply with the PRC standards imposed on us with certainty.

In addition, although we use our best efforts to comply with all relevant laws and regulations and to obtain all necessary certificates, registrations and approvals for our business, due to the complexity of local laws and regulations across China governing outdoor media advertising platforms, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain all necessary approvals. Any delay or failure in obtaining such approvals or licenses could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We may be subject to, and may expend significant resources in defending against government actions and civil suits based on the content we provide through our advertising network.

Because of the nature and content of the information displayed on our network, civil claims may be filed against us for fraud, defamation, subversion, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement or other violations. Offensive and objectionable content and legal standards for defamation and fraud in China are less defined than in other more developed countries and we may not be able to properly screen out unlawful content. If consumers find the content displayed on our network to be offensive, the relevant airlines, gas stations, railway bureaus and long-haul bus companies may seek to hold us responsible for any consumer claims or may terminate their relationships with us.

In addition, if the security of our content management system is breached and unauthorized images, text or audio sounds are displayed on our network, viewers or the PRC government may find these images, text or audio sounds to be offensive, which may subject us to civil liability or government censure despite our efforts to ensure the security of our content management system. Any such event may also damage our reputation. If our advertising viewers do not believe our content is reliable or accurate, our business model may become less appealing to viewers in China and our advertisers may be less willing to place advertisements on our network.

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Furthermore, we have established a new line of business in relation to cryptocurrency mining since early 2021. Governmental authorities are likely to continue to issue new laws, rules and regulations governing the cryptocurrency industry and enhance enforcement of existing laws, rules and regulations. For example, seven PRC governmental authorities including the People’s Bank of China, promulgated an announcement in September 2017 prohibiting financial institutions from engaging in initial coin offering transactions. Some jurisdictions, including the PRC, restrict various uses of cryptocurrencies, including the use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange, the conversion between cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies or between cryptocurrencies, the provision of trading and other services related to cryptocurrencies by financial institutions and payment institutions, and initial coin offerings and other means of capital raising based on cryptocurrencies. The Circular on Regulating Virtual Currency “Mining” Activities was issued in September 2021, the PRC government classified the virtual currency mining activities as the eliminated industry of the Catalogue for Guiding Industry Restructuring, which prohibits investments in projects falling within this category. The Circular on Further Preventing and Disposing of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation Risks was issued in September 2021, the PRC government deemed all cryptocurrency-related business activities, including: (1) exchanging legitimate currencies and cryptocurrencies or different types of crypto currencies for each other, (2) trading cryptocurrencies as central counterparty, (3) provision of intermediary services or pricing services for cryptocurrency transactions, (4) issuance of tokens for financing, and (5) cryptocurrency related derivatives trading, as “illegal financial activities” that could involve illegal offerings of token notes, unauthorized public offerings of securities, illegal operation of futures business or illegal fundraising. It also provided that any cryptocurrency exchange offering services to Chinese residents from outside mainland China through the internet would also be regarded as conducting “illegal financial activities.” The National Development and Reform Commission of the PRC published the Market Access Negative List (2022 Edition) in March 2022, which lists the virtual currency mining activities as the “backward production processes and equipment” under the eliminated item in the Catalogue for Guiding Industrial Restructuring. According to such list, market entities are prohibited from investing in eliminated items. In addition, cryptocurrencies may be used by market participants for black market transactions, to conduct fraud, money laundering and terrorism-funding, tax evasion, economic sanction evasion or other illegal activities. As a result, governments may seek to regulate, restrict, control or ban the mining, use, holding and transferring of cryptocurrencies. We may not be able to eliminate all instances where other parties use our products to engage in money laundering or other illegal or improper activities. We cannot assure you that we will successfully detect all money laundering or other illegal or improper activities which may adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may force us to incur substantial legal expenses and, if determined adversely against us, may materially and adversely affect our business.

Our commercial success depends to a large extent on our ability to operate without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. We cannot assure you that our displays or other aspects of our business do not or will not infringe patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may become subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of our business. If we are found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be enjoined from using such intellectual property, incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses and diversion of management time in defending against these third-party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful infringement or licensing claims against us may result in substantial monetary liabilities, which may materially and adversely affect our business.

We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters or the outbreak of health epidemic. Any such occurrences could cause severe disruption to our daily operations, and may even require a temporary closure of our facilities. In August 2014, a strong earthquake hit part of Yunnan province in south, and resulted in significant casualties and property damage. While we did not suffer any loss or experience any significant increase in cost resulting from these earthquakes, if a similar disaster were to occur in the future affecting Beijing or another city where we have major operations in China, our operations could be materially and adversely affected due to loss of personnel and damages to property. In addition, any outbreak of avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza A (H1N1), H7N9, Ebola, COVID-19 or other adverse public health epidemic in China may have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. These occurrences could require the temporary closure of our offices or prevent our staff from traveling to our customers’ offices to provide services. Such closures could severely disrupt our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations. These occurrences could reduce air and train traveling in China and adversely affect the results of operations of our related business.

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A particular digital asset’s status as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and if we are unable to properly characterize a digital asset, we may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigations, fines, and other penalties, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.

The SEC and its staff have taken the position that certain digital assets fall within the definition of a “security” under the U.S. federal securities laws. The legal test for determining whether any given digital asset is a security is a highly complex, fact-driven analysis that evolves over time, and the outcome is difficult to predict. The SEC generally does not provide advance guidance or confirmation on the status of any particular digital asset as a security. Additionally, the SEC’s views in this area have evolved over time, and it is difficult to predict the direction or timing of any continuing evolution. Furthermore, it is also possible that a change in the governing administration or the appointment of new SEC commissioners could substantially impact the views of the SEC and its staff. Public statements by senior officials at the SEC indicate that the SEC does not intend to take the position that Bitcoin or Ethereum, in their current form, are securities. However, Bitcoin and Ethereum are the only digital assets as to which senior officials at the SEC have publicly expressed such a view. Such statements are not official policy statements by the SEC and reflect only the speakers’ views, which are not binding on the SEC or any other agency or court, and cannot be generalized to any other digital asset, such as Dogecoin. With respect to all other digital assets, there is currently no certainty under the applicable legal test that such assets are not securities, notwithstanding the conclusions we may draw based on our assessment regarding the likelihood that a particular digital asset could be deemed a “security” under applicable laws. Similarly, though the SEC’s Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology published a framework for analyzing whether any given digital asset is a security in April 2019, this framework is also not a rule, regulation or statement of the SEC and is not binding on the SEC.

Several foreign jurisdictions have taken a broad-based approach to classifying digital assets as “securities,” while other foreign jurisdictions have adopted a narrower approach. As a result, certain digital assets may be deemed to be a “security” under the laws of some jurisdictions but not others. Various foreign jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt additional laws, regulations, or directives that affect the characterization of digital assets as “securities.”

The classification of a digital asset as a security under applicable law has wide-ranging implications for the regulatory obligations that flow from the offer, sale, trading, and clearing of such assets. For example, a digital asset that is a security in the United States may generally only be offered or sold in the United States pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC or in an offering that qualifies for an exemption from registration. Persons that effect transactions in digital assets that are securities in the United States may be subject to registration with the SEC as a “broker” or “dealer.” Platforms that bring together purchasers and sellers to trade digital assets that are securities in the United States are generally subject to registration as national securities exchanges, or must qualify for an exemption, such as by being operated by a registered broker-dealer as an alternative trading system, or the ATS, in compliance with rules for ATSs. Persons facilitating clearing and settlement of securities may be subject to registration with the SEC as a clearing agency. Foreign jurisdictions may have similar licensing, registration, and qualification requirements. We may mine cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin and Ethereum, and may receive other types of cryptocurrencies, including Dogecoin, as commissions of our mining pool operation. The likely status of these cryptocurrencies as securities could limit distributions, transfers, or other actions involving such cryptocurrencies, including mining, in the United States.

We could be subject to legal or regulatory action in the event the SEC, a foreign regulatory authority or a court were to determine that a digital asset currently held by us is a “security” under applicable laws. If the digital assets mined and held by us are deemed as securities, it could limit distributions, transfers, or other actions involving such digital assets, including mining, in the United States. For example, the distribution of cryptocurrencies to miners under our mining pool business could be deemed to involve an illegal offering or distribution of securities subject to U.S. federal or state law. In addition, miners on cryptocurrency networks could, under certain circumstances, be viewed as statutory underwriters or as “brokers” subject to regulation under the Exchange Act. This could require us or our customers to change, limit, or cease mining operations, register as broker-dealers and comply with applicable law, or be subject to penalties, including fines. In addition, we could be subject to judicial or administrative sanctions for failing to sell the digital asset or distribute block rewards in compliance with the registration requirements, or for acting as a broker, dealer, or national securities exchange without appropriate registration. Such an action could result in injunctions, cease and desist orders, as well as civil monetary penalties, fines, and disgorgement, criminal liability, and reputational harm.

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We do not maintain insurance for our digital assets, which may expose us and our shareholders to the risk of loss of our digital assets, and there will be limited rights of legal recourse available to us to recover our losses.

We do not maintain insurance for the digital assets held by us. Banking institutions will not accept our digital assets, and they are therefore not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Therefore, we may suffer loss with respect to our digital assets which are not covered by insurance, and we may not be able to recover any of our carried value in these digital assets if they are lost or stolen or suffer significant and sustained reduction in conversion spot price. If we are not otherwise able to recover damages from a malicious actor in connection with these losses, our business, results of operations and share price may be adversely affected.

The consummation of the proposed change-in-control transaction is uncertain, and the announcement and pendency of such transaction could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have consummated the share issuance in connection with the proposed change-in-control transaction by entering into an investment agreement on April 6, 2022 with Unistar, pursuant to which we issued (1) 4,448,847 ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, and (2) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,945,137 newly issued ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, to Unistar and Northern Shore in exchange for computer servers designed for cryptocurrency mining. We propose to take various additional steps in order to complete the proposed change-in-control transaction, pending approval from Nasdaq. In particular, we propose to restructure our principal business operations by (1) installing the cryptocurrency mining equipment in newly setup data center over time and (2) divesting our original air travel media network business and dispose of the related assets. We also propose to appoint as new directors candidates proposed by Unistar and Northern Shore, and make other changes to the board and senior management team.

There can be no assurance that any agreement will be executed or that any transaction will be approved or consummated. The process of consummating the proposed transaction or any other significant strategic transaction involving our company could cause disruptions in our business and divert our management’s attention and other resources from day-to-day operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, current and prospective employees and members of management could become uncertain about their future roles with us in the event the proposed transaction is completed. This uncertainty could adversely affect our ability to retain and hire employees and members of management. Moreover, even if we consummate the proposed transaction as planned, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to generate the economic benefits as anticipated. As such, the value of your investment in our ADSs could be materially and adversely affected.

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Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

Substantially all of our operations are conducted through contractual arrangements with the VIEs in China: AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan. As the Foreign-invested Advertising Enterprise Management Regulations, or the Foreign-invested Advertising Regulations, which became effective on October 1, 2008 and has been abolished on June 29, 2015, it permitted 100% foreign ownership of companies that provide advertising services, subject to approval by relevant PRC government authorities. In addition, according to the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), which became effective on January 1, 2022, the television program production and operation falls into the category of prohibited foreign investment industry, but the advertising business still does not fall into the category of restricted or prohibited foreign investment industry. We believe that these regulations apply to our business and are therefore carrying out the portions of our business that involve the production of non-advertising content through the VIEs. Our wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary Air Net (China) Limited, or AN China, the 100% shareholder of our three wholly foreign owned subsidiaries in China, has been operating an advertising business in Hong Kong since 2008, and thus it is allowed to directly invest in advertising business in China. In December 2014, we transferred 100% equity interest in Shenzhen Yuehang to AN China to provide advertising services in China directly. In July 2015, Shenzhen Yuehang obtained the approval to include advertising in its scope of business. We, therefore, intend to gradually shift our advertising business to Shenzhen Yuehang to gradually reduce our reliance on the current VIE structure in terms of our advertising business. Our advertising business is currently primarily provided through our contractual arrangements with certain of the VIEs in China. These entities directly operate our air advertising network, enter into concession rights contracts related to our air advertising network and sell advertising time slots and locations to our advertisers. In addition, under current PRC regulations, a foreign entity is prohibited from owning more than 50% of any PRC entity that provides value-added telecommunication services. If we re-run our Wi-Fi business, it might be regarded as value-added telecommunication business. As a result, we would enter into concession rights contracts related to our Wi-Fi business via AirNet Online, which is expected to directly operate this business. We have contractual arrangements with these VIEs pursuant to which we, through Chuangyi Technology, provide technical support and consulting services and other services to these entities. We also have VIE agreements with the VIEs and each of their existing individual shareholders (except Lin Wang) that provide us with the substantial ability to control these entities. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Contractual Arrangements.”

In January 2016 and March 2016, we, through the nominee shareholders of the respective VIEs, transferred 3.7868% and 3.49% equity interest in Linghang Shengshi and AirNet Online to Yi Zhang, respectively. Yi Zhang is an unrelated third-party minority shareholder of those VIEs and did not enter into the same VIE arrangements with us as did the other nominee shareholders. In April 2019 and October 2020, Yi Zhang withdrew all his equity interests in AirNet Online and Linghang Shengshi, respectively. Accordingly, we can exert control over the equity interests in the VIEs previously owned by Yi Zhang. In December 2021, we, through the nominee shareholder of the respective VIE, transferred 10% equity interest in Iwangfan to Lin Wang. Lin Wang is a minority shareholder of the VIE and did not enter into the same VIE arrangements with us as did the other nominee shareholders. AirNet Online signed an entrusted equity holding agreement with Lin Wang, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted Lin Wang to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests.

Some of our VIE arrangements may expire in 2025, 2027 and 2028, if any party thereto sends a no-extension notice to the other at least twenty (20) days in advance. Although we believe we can renew those agreements with the VIEs and their shareholders at that time, if we fail to do so, our control over such VIEs might be adversely affected.

In the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our PRC counsel, except as described in this annual report, the contractual arrangements between Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs do not violate existing PRC laws and regulations, and in each case governed by PRC law, are (1) valid and legally binding on each party thereto, and (2) enforceable in accordance with the terms thereof, subject as to enforceability to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, the discretion of relevant government agencies in exercising their authority in connection with the interpretation and implementation thereof and the application of relevant PRC laws and policies thereto, and to general equity principles. However, some uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and if the shareholders of the VIEs were to reduce their interest in us, their interests may diverge from ours and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms, for example by influencing the VIEs not to pay the service fees when required to do so.

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Our ability to control the VIEs also depends on the power of attorney Chuangyi Technology has to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, we believe this power of attorney is legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

In addition, if the PRC government were to find that the VIE arrangements do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, or if the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of any other existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:

● revoke the business and operating licenses of our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities;

● discontinue or restrict the operations of our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities;

● impose conditions or requirements with which we or our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates may not be able to comply; or

● require us or our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations.

While we do not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of us, Chuangyi Technology, or the VIEs, the imposition of any of these penalties may result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes us to lose the power to direct the activities of consolidated affiliated entities that most significantly impact consolidated affiliated entities’ economic performance or our right to receive substantially all of the benefits from consolidated affiliated entities, we would no longer be able to consolidate such consolidated affiliated entities.

In December 2018, the National People’s Congress of the PRC, or the NPC, released another draft of foreign investment law, or the Foreign Investment Law, for soliciting public comments. On March 15, 2019, the Foreign Investment Law was enacted by the NPC and was effective on January 1, 2020. Although the Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly define the contractual arrangements with VIEs as a form of foreign investment, it contains an ambiguous clause that covers other form stipulated in laws, administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council within its definition of foreign investment. Therefore, uncertainties still exist about whether our contractual arrangements with VIEs will be deemed to violate the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws. Additionally, if the State Council or laws, administrative regulations require further actions regarding the existing contractual arrangements with VIEs, we may not complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all, which may materially and adversely affect our business operation and financial condition.

Because some of the shareholders of the VIEs in China are our directors and officers, their fiduciary duties to us may conflict with their respective roles in the VIEs, and their interest may not be aligned with the interests of our unaffiliated public security holders. If any of the shareholders of the VIEs fails to act in the best interests of our company or our shareholders, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Certain of our directors and officers are shareholders in the VIEs, namely AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi, and Iwangfan. Mr. Man Guo, our chairman, interim chief financial officer and former chief executive officer, in addition to holding 6.77% in our company, also directly and indirectly holds approximately 80.00% of AirNet Online, 86.9193% of Linghang Shengshi and 90.00% of Iwangfan. Mr. Qing Xu, our director and executive president, in addition to holding 1.3% of our company, also directly and indirectly holds approximately 15.00% of AirNet Online, and 12.9954% of Linghang Shengshi. In addition, Mr. Guo is a director of AirNet Online and Iwangfan, the general manager of Linghang Shengshi, and the legal representative of AirNet Online; Mr. Xu is a director of Linghang Shengshi, the general manager and legal representative of Iwangfan. For these directors and officers, their fiduciary duties toward our company under Cayman Islands law - to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests - may conflict with their roles in the VIEs, as what is in the best interest of the VIEs may not be in the best interests of our company or the unaffiliated public shareholders of our company.

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Currently, we do not have agreements in place that solely target to resolve conflicts of interest arising between our company and the VIEs and their operations. In addition, we have not appointed a separate fiduciary - one without potential conflicts of interest - to serve as the fiduciary of the public unaffiliated security holders of our company. Although our independent directors or disinterested officers may take measures to prevent the parties with dual roles from making decisions that may favor themselves as shareholders of the VIEs, we cannot assure you that these measures would be effective in all instances. If the parties with dual roles do find ways to make and carry out decisions on our behalf that are detrimental to our interest, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Certain provisions in the contractual agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs do impose limits on the rights of the shareholders of the VIEs. For example, each of the existing individual shareholders of the VIEs (except Lin Wang) has signed an irrevocable power of attorney authorizing the person designated by Chuangyi Technology to exercise its rights as shareholder, including the voting rights, the right to enter into legal documents and the right to transfer its equity interest in the VIEs. However, we cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise that each of the VIEs and its respective shareholders will act completely in our interests or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in our favor, or that the above contractual provisions would be sufficient protection for us in the event that shareholders of the VIEs fail to perform under their contracts with Chuangyi Technology. In any such event, we would have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, which may not be effective. See “—We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a substantial portion of our China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Contractual Arrangements.”

We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a substantial portion of our China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.

We rely on contractual arrangements with AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi, and Iwangfan to operate our business. For a description of these arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Contractual Arrangements.” These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing control over the VIEs. Under these contractual arrangements, if the VIEs or their shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations, we may have to incur substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements and rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming damages, and we may not be successful.

Many of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for disputes to be resolved through arbitration or litigation in the PRC. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements, which may make it difficult to exert effective control over the VIEs, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.

We have not registered the pledge of equity interest by certain shareholder of the consolidated affiliated entities with the relevant authority, and we may not be able to enforce the equity pledge against any third parties who acquire the equity interests in good faith in the relevant consolidated affiliated entities before the pledge is registered.

The existing individual shareholders  (except Lin Wang) of the VIEs, each a consolidated affiliated entity of ours, have pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in the relevant VIEs to Chuangyi Technology, our wholly-owned subsidiary. An equity pledge agreement becomes effective among the parties upon execution, but according to the PRC Civil Code, an equity pledge is not perfected as a security property right unless it is registered with the relevant local administration for industry and commerce. We have not yet registered the share pledges by shareholders of AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan. As the registration of these pledges has not yet been completed so far, the pledges, as property rights, have not yet become effective under the PRC Civil Code. Before the registration procedures are completed, we cannot assure you that the effectiveness of these pledges will be recognized by PRC courts if disputes arise with respect to certain pledged equity interests or that Chuangyi Technology’s interests as pledgee will prevail over those of third parties. Chuangyi Technology may not be able to successfully enforce these pledges against any third parties who have acquired property right interests in good faith in the equity interests in AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan. As a result, if AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi or Iwangfan breaches their respective obligations under the various agreements described above, and there are third parties who have acquired equity interests in good faith, Chuangyi Technology would need to resort to legal proceedings to enforce its contractual rights under the equity pledge agreements, or the underlying agreements secured by the pledges. We do not have agreements that pledge the assets of the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries for the benefit of us or our wholly owned subsidiaries.

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Contractual arrangements we have entered into among Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and a finding that we owe additional taxes could substantially increase our taxes owed and reduce our net income and the value of your investment.

Under PRC law, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be audited or challenged by the PRC tax authorities. If any transactions we have entered into among Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs are found not to be on an arm’s length basis, or to result in an unreasonable reduction in tax under PRC law, the PRC tax authorities have the authority to disallow our tax savings, adjust the profits and losses of our respective PRC entities and assess late payment interest and penalties. A finding by the PRC tax authorities that we are ineligible for the tax savings we achieved would substantially increase our taxes owed and reduce our net income and the value of your investment.

We may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are a holding company, and we may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to service any debt we may incur. If Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang or Xi’an Shengshi incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict the ability of these entities to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements Chuangyi Technology currently has in place with the VIEs in a manner that would materially and adversely affect Chuangyi Technology’s ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us.

Furthermore, relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi only out of their accumulated profits, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC laws and regulations, Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi are also required to set aside at least 10% of after-tax income based on PRC accounting standards each year to their general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their respective registered capital.

The registered capital of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi is $42.0 million, $96.4 million and $50.0 million, respectively. Xi’an Shengshi and Chuangyi Technology have made the applicable annual appropriations required under PRC law. Shenzhen Yuehang is not currently required to fund any statutory surplus reserve because Shenzhen Yuehang still has accumulated losses. Any direct or indirect limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to distribute dividends and other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to make investments or acquisitions at the holding company level, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Although none of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang or Xi’an Shengshi has any present plan to pay any cash dividends to us in the foreseeable future, any limitation on the ability of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang or Xi’an Shengshi to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Adverse changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our services and have a material adverse effect on our competitive position.

Substantially all of our assets are located in China and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by China’s economic, political and legal developments. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement and the level and growth rate of economic development.

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While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth in the past decades, growth has been uneven both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. We cannot predict the future direction of political or economic reforms or the effects such measures may have on our business, financial position or results of operations. Any adverse change in the political or economic conditions in China, including changes in the policies of the PRC government or in laws and regulations in China, could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China and the industries in which we operate. Such developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, lead to a reduction in demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to us or result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention.

We conduct our business primarily through Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd., or Beijing Yuehang, and AirNet Online, which are subject to PRC laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly-foreign owned companies. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. PRC legislation and regulations afford significant protections to various forms of foreign investments in China, but since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and the enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit the legal protections available to us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention.

Any actions by the Chinese government, including any decision to intervene or influence the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, or to exert control over any offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of these entities, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. The ability of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities to operate in China may be impaired by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to the internet, advertising, taxation, land use rights, foreign investment limitations, and other matters.

The central or local governments of China may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure that our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities comply with such regulations or interpretations. As such, our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities may be subject to various government actions and regulatory interference in the provinces in which they operate. They could be subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities, including various local and municipal agencies and government sub-divisions. They may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply.

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The PRC government may also impose industry-wide policies on certain industries, which could materially increase our compliance cost, abruptly change the relevant industry landscape, or cause significant changes to, or otherwise intervene or influence, our operations in China at any time. In addition, the PRC regulatory system is based in part on government policies and internal guidance, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and some of which may even have a retroactive effect. We may not be aware of all non-compliance incidents at all time, and may face regulatory investigation, fines and other penalties as a result. As a result of the changes in the industrial policies of the PRC government, including the amendment to and/or enforcement of the related laws and regulations, companies with China-based operations, including us, and the industries in which we operate, face significant compliance and operational risks and uncertainties. For example, on July 24, 2021, Chinese state media, including Xinhua News Agency and China Central Television, announced a broad set of reforms targeting private education companies providing after-school tutoring services and prohibiting foreign investments in institutions providing such after-school tutoring services. As a result, the market value of certain U.S. listed companies with China-based operations in the affected sectors declined substantially. On August 30, 2021, the PRC government imposed restrictions over the provision of online gaming services to minors, aiming at curbing excessive indulgence in online gaming and protecting minors’ mental and physical health, which could adversely affect the development of the online gaming industry in China. The PRC government has also imposed severe restrictions over the operations of cryptocurrency business, which changed the entire industry landscape in China. See “—Risks Related to Our Business—It may be or become illegal to acquire, own, hold, sell or use cryptocurrencies, participate in the blockchain, or transfer or utilize similar cryptocurrency assets in China or international markets where we operate due to adverse changes in the regulatory and policy environment in these jurisdictions.” In addition, in September 2021, the PRC government classified the virtual currency mining activities as the eliminated industry of the Catalogue for Guiding Industry Restructuring, which prohibits investments in projects falling within this category. In response, we had terminated our cryptocurrency business in China and initiated a transition of our cryptocurrency business from China to the U.S.

Furthermore, on December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Provisions of the State Council Regarding the Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Administrative Provisions, and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Filing Measures and collectively with the Draft Administrative Provisions, the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, which stipulate that Chinese-based companies, or the issuer, shall fulfill the filing procedures after the issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market, and certain overseas offering and listing such as those that constitute a threat to or endanger national security, as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law, may be prohibited under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing. On February 17, 2023, with the approval of the State Council, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, among other requirements, (1) domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures with the CSRC; if a domestic company fails to complete the filing procedures, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties; and (2) where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity responsible for all filing procedures with the CSRC, and such filings shall be submitted to the CSRC within three business days after the submission of the overseas offering and listing application. On the same day, the CSRC also held a press conference for the release of the Trial Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which clarifies that (1) on or prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, domestic companies that have already submitted valid applications for overseas offering and listing but have not obtained approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges may reasonably arrange the timing for submitting their filing applications with the CSRC, and must complete the filing before the completion of their overseas offering and listing; (2) a six-month transition period will be granted to domestic companies which, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, have already obtained the approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges, but have not completed the indirect overseas listing; if domestic companies fail to complete the overseas listing within such six-month transition period, they shall file with the CSRC according to the requirements; and (3) the CSRC will solicit opinions from relevant regulatory authorities and complete the filing of the overseas listing of companies with contractual arrangements which duly meet the compliance requirements, and support the development and growth of these companies. Any such action, once taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless. We did not have to obtain such approval for our initial public offering on November 7, 2007 because such offering made was before the enactment of the Trial Measures; however, we will be obligated to obtain approvals with the CSRC for our future offerings. If we cannot obtain such approvals or the CSRC rescind our approvals, we may not continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless.

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Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision to intervene or influence the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities at any time, or to exert control over an offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and/or may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Failure to comply with governmental regulations and other legal obligations concerning data protection and cybersecurity may materially and adversely affect our business, as we routinely collect, store and use data during the conduct of our business.

We routinely collect, store and use data during our operations. We are subject to PRC laws and regulations governing the collecting, storing, sharing, using, processing, disclosure and protection of data on the internet and mobile platforms as well as cybersecurity. While we take precautions for secure storage and usage of these data, our security control may not prevent the improper leakage of such data. Anyone may circumvent our security measures and misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. A security breach, such as hacking or any other attempt to harm our systems, that leads to leakage of these data, could harm our reputation and undermine the competitiveness of our database and services. Any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information could cause our users and clients to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of data or confidential information. See “Item 4.Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations—Regulations on Data Privacy and Cybersecurity.” As of the date of this annual report, we have not been informed that we are identified as a critical information infrastructure operator by any governmental authorities.

We expect that these areas will receive greater attention and focus from regulators, as well as attract continued or greater public scrutiny and attention going forward, which could increase our compliance costs and subject us to heightened risks and challenges associated with data security and protection. If we are unable to manage these risks, our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, regulatory authorities around the world have recently adopted or are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection. Complying with all these laws and regulations may result in additional expenses to us or require us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business, and any non-compliance may subject us to negative publicity which could harm our reputation and negatively affect the trading price of the ADSs.

A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The global macroeconomic environment is facing challenges, including the economic slowdown in the Eurozone since 2014, potential impact of the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union on January 31, 2020, and the continuous adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economies and financial markets. The growth of the PRC economy has slowed down since 2012 compared to the previous decade and the trend may continue. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. There have been concerns over unrest and terrorist threats in the Middle East, Europe and Africa and over the conflicts involving Ukraine, Syria and North Korea. There have also been concerns on the relationship among China and other Asian countries, which may result in or intensify potential conflicts in relation to territorial disputes, and the trade disputes between the United States and China. The ongoing trade tensions between the United States and China may have tremendous negative impact on the economies of not merely the two countries concerned, but the global economy as a whole. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and what effects they may have on the global political and economic conditions in the long term.

Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, changes in domestic economic and political policies, and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. While the economy in China has grown significantly over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing in recent years. Although growth of China’s economy remained relatively stable, there is a possibility that China’s economic growth may materially decline in the near future. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the global or PRC economy may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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The opinions recently issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council may subject us to additional compliance requirement in the future.

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law, or the Opinions, which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. These opinions proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems, to deal with the risks and incidents facing China-based overseas-listed companies and the demand for cybersecurity and data privacy protection. The aforementioned policies and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirement in the future. As official guidance and interpretation of the Opinions remain unclear in several respects at this time. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will remain fully compliant with all new regulatory requirements of the Opinions or any future implementation rules on a timely basis, or at all.

Joint statement by the SEC and the PCAOB, and the HFCAA all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our continued listing or future offerings of our securities in the U.S.

On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets.

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCAA requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was signed into law.

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.

On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act from three years to two.

On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to determine, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize the implementation of disclosure and documentation requirements.

On February 4, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill which contained, among other things, an identical provision. If this provision is enacted into law and the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA is reduced from three years to two.

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In March 2022, the SEC issued its first “conclusive list of issuers identified under the HFCAA,” which indicates that those companies are now formally subject to the delisting provisions if they remain on the list for two consecutive years. As of the date of this annual report, more than 170 public companies have been listed in as issuers identified under the HFCAA. In August 2022, the PCAOB, the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC signed the Statement of Protocol, which establishes a specific and accountable framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-governed accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our control. The PCAOB continues to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has also indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed.

Our financial statements contained in the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 have been audited by Audit Alliance LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that is headquartered and located in Singapore. Audit Alliance LLP has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis and is currently not among the PCAOB registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong that are subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021 of having been unable to inspect or investigate completely. However, as the PRC Securities Law requires approval from the relevant PRC authorities for inspection of any audit working papers in China by foreign authorities, the audit working papers of our financial statements may not be inspected by the PCAOB, since the audit work was carried out by Audit Alliance LLP with the collaboration of their China-based offices and the PCAOB has not obtained such requisite approval.

If the PCAOB is unable to inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in China in 2023 and beyond, or if we fail to, among others, meet the PCAOB’s requirements, including retaining a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB determines it is able to inspect and investigate completely, we will be identified as a “Commission-identified Issuer,” and upon the expiration of two years of non-inspection under the HFCAA and relevant regulations, the ADSs will be delisted from Nasdaq and our ordinary shares and ADSs will not be permitted for trading over the counter either. If our ordinary shares and ADSs are prohibited from trading in the United States, we cannot assure you that we will be able to list on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our ordinary shares will develop outside of the United States. Such a prohibition would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase the ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative impact on the price of the ADSs. Moreover, the HFCAA or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of the ADSs could be adversely affected. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects.

Fluctuations in the value of the Renminbi may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollar, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions and by China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. There is no guarantee that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.

The reporting and functional currency of our Cayman Islands parent company is the U.S. dollar. However, substantially all of the revenues and expenses of the consolidated affiliated entities are denominated in Renminbi. Substantially all of our sales contracts are denominated in Renminbi and substantially all of our costs and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. Any significant appreciation or depreciation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of dividend distribution or for other business purposes, depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will also affect the relative value of any dividend we issue which will be exchanged into U.S. dollars and earnings from and the value of any U.S. dollar-denominated investments we make in the future.

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Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited so that we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenues or financing effectively.

Our revenues and expenses are mainly denominated in Renminbi. We may need to convert a portion of our revenues into other currencies to meet our foreign currency obligations, including, among others, payments of dividends declared, if any, in respect of our ordinary shares or ADSs. Under China’s existing foreign exchange regulations, Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi are able to pay dividends in foreign currencies, without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not take measures in the future to restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions.

Foreign exchange transactions by our subsidiaries and VIEs in China under capital accounts continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of, or registration with, PRC governmental authorities. In particular, if we or other foreign lenders make foreign currency loans to our subsidiaries or VIEs in China, these loans must be registered with the SAFE, and if we finance them by means of additional capital contributions, these capital contributions must be approved by or registered with certain government authorities including the SAFE, the Ministry of Commerce or their local counterparts. These limitations could affect the ability of our subsidiaries in China to exchange the foreign currencies obtained through debt or equity financing, and could affect our business and financial condition.

On August 29, 2008, SAFE promulgated the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 142, regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. SAFE Circular 142 provides that the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used within the purpose within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and unless otherwise provided by law, such RMB capital may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested company. The use of such RMB capital may not be altered without SAFE approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. Violations of SAFE Circular 142 could result in severe monetary or other penalties. On November 9, 2011, SAFE promulgated the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Relating to Further Clarification and Regulation of Certain Capital Account Items under Foreign Exchange Control, or the Circular 45, to further strengthen and clarify its existing regulations on foreign exchange control under SAFE Circular 142. Circular 45 expressly prohibits foreign invested entities, including wholly foreign owned enterprises such as Chuangyi Technology, from converting RMB funds derived from settlement of foreign exchange capital for the purpose of domestic equity investment, granting certain loans, repayment of inter-company loans, and repayment of bank loans which have been transferred to a third party. Further, Circular 45 generally prohibits a foreign invested entity from converting RMB funds derived from settlement of foreign exchange capital for the payment of various types of cash deposits. If the VIEs require financial support from us or our wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the future and we find it necessary to use foreign currency-denominated capital to provide such financial support, our ability to fund the VIEs’ operations will be subject to statutory limits and restrictions, including those described above.

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Circular 45 was abolished by SAFE on March 19, 2015 according to a Circular on Promulgating the Abolishment and Invalidation of 50 Foreign Exchange-related Regulatory Documents. On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming the Management Approach Regarding the Foreign Exchange Capital Settlement of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which took effect on June 1, 2015 and replaced SAFE Circular 142. On June 9, 2016, the SAFE promulgated the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, which revised some provisions of SAFE Circular 19. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 allow foreign-invested enterprises to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis and allows ordinary foreign-invested enterprises to make domestic equity investments by capital transfer in the original currencies, or with the amount obtained from foreign exchange settlement, subject to complying with certain requirements. According to SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16, the RMB funds obtained by foreign-invested enterprises from the discretionary settlement of foreign exchange capitals shall be managed under the accounts pending for foreign exchange settlement payment, and foreign-invested enterprise shall not use its capital and the RMB funds obtained from foreign exchange settlement for the purposes within the following negative list: for expenditure beyond its business scope or expenditure prohibited by laws and regulations, for investments in securities or other investments than banks’ principal-secured products, for the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license, or for construction or expenses related to the purchase of real estate not for self-use, unless it is a foreign-invested real estate enterprise. Nevertheless, it is still not clear whether foreign-invested enterprises like our PRC subsidiaries are allowed to extend intercompany loans to the VIEs.

PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents and registration requirements for employee stock ownership plans or share option plans may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or the plan participants to personal liability, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.

Regulations promulgated by the SAFE require PRC residents and PRC corporate entities to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. These regulations apply to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may apply to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.

On February 15, 2012, the SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in an Employee Share Incentive Plan of an Overseas-Listed Company (which replaced the old Circular 78, “Application Procedure of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in an Employee Stock Holding Plan or Stock Option Plan of an Overseas-Listed Company” promulgated on March 28, 2007), or the New Share Incentive Rule. Under the New Share Incentive Rule, PRC citizens who participate in a share incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with SAFE and complete certain other procedures. All such participants need to retain a PRC agent through a PRC subsidiary to register with SAFE and handle foreign exchange matters such as opening accounts, transferring and settlement of the relevant proceeds. The New Share Incentive Rule further requires that an offshore agent should also be designated to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of share options and proceeds transferring for the share incentive plan participants.

We and our PRC employees who have been granted stock options are subject to the New Share Incentive Rule. We are in the process of completing the registration and procedures which the New Share Incentive Rule requires, but the application documents are subject to the review and approval of SAFE, and we can make no assurance as to when the registration and procedures could be completed. If we or our PRC employees fail to comply with the New Share Incentive Rule, we and/or our PRC employees may face sanctions imposed by the foreign exchange authority or any other PRC government authorities.

In addition, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, has issued a few circulars concerning employee stock options. Under these circulars, our employees working in China who exercise stock options will be subject to PRC individual income tax. Our PRC subsidiaries have obligations to file documents related to employee stock options with relevant tax authorities and withhold individual income taxes of those employees who exercise their stock options. If our employees fail to pay and we fail to withhold their income taxes, we may face sanctions imposed by tax authorities or any other PRC government authorities.

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Under the SAFE regulations, PRC residents who make, or have previously made, direct or indirect investments in offshore companies, will be required to register those investments. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an offshore company is required to file or update the registration with the local branch of the SAFE, with respect to that offshore company, any material change involving its round-trip investment and capital variation. The PRC subsidiaries of that offshore company are required to urge the PRC resident shareholders to make such updates. If any PRC shareholder fails to make the required SAFE registration or file or update the registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that offshore parent company may be prohibited from distributing their profits and the proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to their offshore parent company, and the offshore parent company may also be prohibited from injecting additional capital into their PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions, such as restrictions on distributing dividend to our offshore entities or monetary penalties against us. We cannot assure you that all of our shareholders who are PRC residents will make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by these SAFE regulations. The failure or inability of our PRC resident shareholders to comply with these SAFE registration procedures may subject us to fines and legal sanctions, restrict our cross-border investment activities, or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to or obtain foreign-exchange-dominated loans from our company.

As it is uncertain how the SAFE regulations will be interpreted or implemented, we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or future strategy. For example, we may be subject to more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign-currency-denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the SAFE regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.

Certain measures promulgated by the People’s Bank of China on foreign exchange for individuals set forth the respective requirements for foreign exchange transactions by PRC individuals under either the current account or the capital account. Implementing rules for these measures were promulgated by the SAFE which, among other things, specified approval requirements for certain capital account transactions such as a PRC citizen’s participation in the employee stock ownership plans or stock option plans of an overseas publicly-listed company. The SAFE also promulgated rules under which PRC citizens who are granted stock options by an overseas publicly-listed company are required, through a PRC agent or PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly-listed company, to register with the SAFE and complete certain other procedures. We and our PRC employees who have been granted stock options are subject to these rules, and we are in the process of completing the required registration and procedures, but the application documents are subject to the review and approval of SAFE, and we can make no assurance as to when the registration and procedures could be completed. If we or our PRC optionees fail to comply with these regulations, we or our PRC optionees may be subject to fines and legal sanctions. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—SAFE Regulations on Offshore Investment by PRC Residents and Employee Stock Options.”

The M&A Rule sets forth complex procedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors which could make it more difficult to pursue growth through acquisitions.

Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rule, sets forth complex procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. Part of our growth strategy includes acquiring complementary businesses or assets. Complying with the requirements of the M&A Rule to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may delay or inhibit the completion of such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. In addition, if any of our acquisitions were subject to the M&A Rule and were found not to be in compliance with the requirements of the M&A Rule in the future, relevant PRC regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, or take other actions that could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

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Changes in laws and regulations governing air travel media or otherwise affecting our business in China may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

There are no existing PRC laws or regulations that specifically define or regulate air travel media. Changes in existing laws and regulations or the implementation of new laws and regulations governing the content of air travel media and our business licenses or otherwise affecting our business in China may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and may materially and adversely affect our business prospects and results of operations.

The enforcement of the Labor Contract Law and other labor-related regulations in China may adversely affect our business and our results of operations.

The Labor Contract Law, which came into effect January 1, 2008 and was amended on December 28, 2012, established more restrictions and increased costs for employers to dismiss employees under certain circumstances, including specific provisions relating to fixed-term employment contracts, non-fixed-term employment contracts, task-based employment, part-time employment, probation, consultation with the labor union and employee representative’s council, employment without a contract, dismissal of employees, compensation upon termination and for overtime work, and collective bargaining. Under the Labor Contract Law, unless otherwise provided by law, an employer is obligated to sign a labor contract with a non-fixed term with an employee, if the employer continues to hire the employee after the expiration of two consecutive fixed-term labor contracts, or if the employee has worked for the employer for 10 consecutive years. Severance pay is required if a labor contract expires and is not renewed because of the employer’s refusal to renew or seeking to renew with less favorable terms. In addition, under the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees, which became effective on January 1, 2008, employees who have served more than one year for an employer are entitled to a paid vacation for five to 15 days, depending on the employee’s number of years of employment. Employees who waive such vacation at the request of employers are entitled to compensation that equals to three times their regular daily salary for each waived vacation day. As a result of these new labor protection measures, our labor costs are expected to increase, which may adversely affect our business and our results of operations. It is also possible that the PRC government may enact additional labor-related legislations in the future, which would further increase our labor costs and affect our operations.

We have limited insurance coverage in China, and any business disruption or litigation we experience may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources.

Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products and do not, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. While business disruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of disruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability, disruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any business disruption or litigation may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources.

We may have claims and lawsuits against us that may result in material adverse outcomes.

We have been and will be possibly subject to a variety of claims and lawsuits. See “Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” This litigation and other claims that may be made against us from time to time are subject to inherent uncertainties. Adverse outcomes in one or more of those claims may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. A material adverse impact on our financial statements also could occur for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable final outcome becomes probable and reasonably estimable.

If one or more of our PRC subsidiaries fails to obtain qualifications to receive PRC preferential tax treatments, we will be required to pay more taxes, which may have a material adverse effect on our result of operations.

The Enterprise Income Tax Law (revised in 2018), or the EIT law, which became effective on December 29, 2018, imposes a uniform income tax rate of 25% on most domestic enterprises and foreign investment enterprises. Under this law, entities that qualify as “high and new technology enterprises strongly supported by the state,” or HNTE, are entitled to the preferential EIT rate of 15%. A company’s status as a HNTE is valid for three years, after which the company must re-apply for such qualification in order to continue to enjoy the preferential EIT rate. In addition, according to relevant guidelines, “new software enterprises” can enjoy an income tax exemption for two years beginning with their first profitable year and a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% for the subsequent three years.

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Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd., one of our PRC subsidiaries, or Linghang received the HNTE certificate at the end of 2017 and was entitled to an EIT rate of 15% from 2017 to 2020, and is subject to a uniform income tax rate of 25% afterwards.

Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd., one of our PRC subsidiaries, or Air Esurfing received the HNTE certificate in 2018 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15% from 2018 to 2021, and is subject to a uniform income tax rate of 25% afterwards.

We cannot assure you that our PRC subsidiaries will be able to obtain qualifications to receive any of the above preferential tax treatments; we will be required to pay more taxes if they fail to be eligible to receive PRC tax benefits, which may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Dividends payable to us by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries may be subject to PRC withholding taxes, or we may be subject to PRC taxation on our worldwide income, and dividends distributed to our investors may be subject to more PRC withholding taxes under PRC tax law.

Under the EIT Law and related regulations, dividends payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign investors who are non-resident enterprises are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The British Virgin Islands, or BVI, where Broad Cosmos Enterprises Ltd., or Broad Cosmos, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with AN China, the 100% shareholder of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi, is incorporated in Hong Kong. According to the Mainland and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Arrangement on Avoiding Double Taxation or Evasion of Taxation on Income between China and Hong Kong and the relevant rules, dividends paid by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its direct holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 5% (if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the foreign-invested enterprise). However, under recently implemented PRC regulations, now our Hong Kong subsidiary must obtain approval from the competent local branch of the State Administration of Taxation in accordance with the double-taxation agreement among the PRC and Hong Kong in order to enjoy the 5% preferential withholding tax rate. In February 2009, SAT issued Notice No. 81. According to Notice No. 81, in order to enjoy the preferential treatment on dividend withholding tax rates, an enterprise must be the “beneficial owner” of the relevant dividend income, and no enterprise is entitled to enjoy preferential treatment pursuant to any tax treaties if such enterprise qualifies for such preferential tax rates through any transaction or arrangement, the major purpose of which is to obtain such preferential tax treatment. The tax authority in charge has the right to make adjustments to the applicable tax rates, if it determines that any taxpayer has enjoyed preferential treatment under tax treaties as a result of such transaction or arrangement. In October 2009, SAT issued another notice on this matter, or Notice No. 601, to provide guidance on the criteria to determine whether an enterprise qualifies as the “beneficial owner” of the PRC sourced income for the purpose of obtaining preferential treatment under tax treaties. Pursuant to Notice No. 601, the PRC tax authorities will review and grant tax preferential treatment on a case-by-case basis and adopt the “substance over form” principle in the review. Notice 601 specifies that a beneficial owner should generally carry out substantial business activities and own and have control over the income, the assets or other rights generating the income. Therefore, an agent or a conduit company will not be regarded as a beneficial owner of such income. Since the two notices were issued, it has remained unclear how the PRC tax authorities will implement them in practice and to what extent they will affect the dividend withholding tax rates for dividends distributed by our subsidiaries in China to our Hong Kong subsidiary. If the relevant tax authority determines that our Hong Kong subsidiary is a conduit company and does not qualify as the “beneficial owner” of the dividend income it receives from our PRC subsidiaries, the higher 10% withholding tax rate may apply to such dividends. On February 3, 2018, SAT issued Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties, or Circular 9, which became effective on April 1, 2018 and superseded Notice No. 601. In comparison with Notice No. 601, Circular 9 enlarging and further explaining the scope of beneficial owner, supplementing the applicants deemed as beneficial owners who obtain proceeds from China as direct or indirect 100% shareholder, increasing the certainty of identifying beneficial owner.

Under the EIT Law and EIT Implementation Rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a PRC resident enterprise and is subject to the EIT at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. The EIT Implementation Rules define the term “de facto management bodies” as “establishments that carry out substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc. of an enterprise.” The SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or SAT Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. SAT Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled overseas-incorporated enterprise is located in China.

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In addition, the SAT issued a bulletin on July 27, 2011 to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82 with an effective date to be September 1, 2011. The bulletin made clarification in the areas of resident status determination, post-determination administration, as well as competent tax authorities. It also specifies that when provided with a copy of the Chinese tax resident determination certificate from a resident Chinese controlled offshore incorporated enterprise, the payer should not withhold 10% income tax when paying the Chinese-sourced dividends, interest, royalties, etc. to the Chinese controlled offshore incorporated enterprise. Although both SAT Circular 82 and the bulletin only apply to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not to those that, like our company, are controlled by PRC individuals, the determination criteria set forth in SAT Circular 82 and administration clarification made in the bulletin may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax residency status of offshore enterprises and the administration measures that should be implemented, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC individuals.

After consulting with our PRC counsel, we do not believe that our holding company and other overseas subsidiaries should be deemed PRC resident enterprises as, among other things, certain of our company’s key assets and records, including register of members, board resolutions and shareholder resolutions, are located and maintained outside of the PRC, and we also hold our board and board committee meetings outside of the PRC from time to time. However, we have been advised by our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, that because there remains uncertainty regarding the interpretation and implementation of the EIT Law and EIT Implementation Rules, it is uncertain whether we will be deemed a PRC resident enterprise. If the PRC authorities were to subsequently determine, or any further regulations provide, that we should be treated as a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to a 25% EIT on our global income. To the extent our holding company earns income outside of China, a 25% EIT on our global income may increase our tax burden and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

If we are regarded as a PRC resident enterprise, dividends distributed from our PRC subsidiaries to us could be exempt from the PRC dividend withholding tax, since such income is exempt under the EIT Law and the EIT Implementation Rules to the extent such dividends are deemed “dividends among qualified PRC resident enterprises.” If we are considered a resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares may be considered income derived from sources within the PRC and subject to PRC withholding tax of 10%. In addition, non-PRC shareholders may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. It is unclear whether our non-PRC shareholders would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are considered as a PRC resident enterprise.

With the 10% PRC dividend withholding tax, we will incur an incremental PRC tax cost when we distribute our PRC profits to our ultimate shareholders if we are deemed not to be a PRC resident enterprise. On the other hand, if we are determined to be a PRC resident enterprise under the EIT Law and receive income other than dividends, our profitability and cash flow would be adversely impacted due to our worldwide income being taxed in China under the EIT Law.

Moreover, under the EIT Law, foreign ADS holders may be subject to a 10% withholding tax upon dividends payable by us and gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise and such income is deemed to be sourced from within the PRC. Although we are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, it is unclear whether the dividends payable by us or the gains our foreign ADS holders may realize on disposition will be regarded as income from sources within the PRC if we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax on our dividend payments will reduce the returns of your investment.

Scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.

In connection with the EIT Law, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued, on April 30, 2009, the Notice on Issues Concerning Process of Enterprise Income Tax in Enterprise Restructuring Business, or Circular 59. On December 10, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management on Enterprise Income Tax for Non-resident Enterprises Equity Transfer, or Circular 698. Both Circular 59 and Circular 698 became effective retroactively on January 1, 2008. By promulgating and implementing these circulars, the PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise by a non-resident enterprise. However, SAT issued Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Matters concerning Withholding of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises at Source, or Circular 37, which became effective on December 1, 2017 and superseded Circular 698. In comparison with Circular 698, Circular 37 releases the obligations of withholding agent, taxpayer by adopting straightforward procedures and simple calculation concerning withholding income tax of non-resident enterprises at source.

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On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Announcement on Several Issues concerning the Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Properties by Non-Resident Enterprises, or Public Notice 7, to supersede tax rules in relation to the Indirect Transfer of Shares under the original SAT Circular 698. Public Notice 7 covers transactions involving not only Indirect Transfer of Shares as set forth under SAT Circular 698 but also transactions involving an overseas company’s indirect transfer of other property or assets (such as real properties) located in China (collectively, ‘‘PRC Taxable Properties’’) through transfer of shares of an offshore intermediary company. Pursuant to Public Notice 7, in the event that non-residential enterprises indirectly transfer PRC Taxable Properties without reasonable commercial purposes in order to evade PRC enterprise income tax, such indirect transfer will be deemed as direct transfer of PRC Taxable Properties and, therefore, be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In addition, Public Notice 7 provides clearer criteria on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and allows for safe harbor scenarios applicable to internal group restructurings. Under Public Notice 7, subject to certain exceptions such as internal group restructurings and purchase and sale of shares of the same publicly-listed oversea enterprise in a public securities market, an indirect transfer of PRC Taxable Properties shall be directly deemed as having no reasonable commercial purposes if the following circumstances are satisfied: (1) more than 75% of the value of overseas enterprises’ shares directly or indirectly comes from PRC Taxable Properties; (2) at any time within one year before the indirect transfer of PRC Taxable Properties, more than 90% the total amount of overseas enterprises’ assets (excluding cash) are directly or indirectly constituted by their investment within the PRC, or within one year before the indirect transfer of PRC Taxable Properties, more than 90% of the overseas enterprises’ income directly or indirectly derive from the PRC; (3) the overseas enterprises and their controlling enterprises, which directly or indirectly hold PRC Taxable Properties, cannot justify the economic substance of the corporate structure; and (4) overseas tax payment regarding indirect transfer of PRC Taxable Properties is lower than PRC tax payment regarding direct transfer of PRC Taxable Properties. Public Notice 7 also brings uncertainties to the offshore transferor and transferee of the indirect transfer of PRC Taxable Properties as they have to make self-assessment on whether the transaction should be subject to PRC tax and to file or withhold the PRC tax accordingly. As a result, where non-resident investors were involved in our private equity financing or share transfer of our company between two or more offshore parties, if such transactions were determined by the tax authorities to lack reasonable commercial purpose, we and our non-resident investors may become at risk of being taxed under Circular 37 and Public Notice 7 and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Circular 37 and Public Notice 7 or to establish that we should not be taxed under Circular 37 and Public Notice 7, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under Public Notice 7 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the equity interests transferred and the cost of investment. We may pursue acquisitions in the future that may involve complex corporate structures. If we are considered a non-resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and if the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under SAT Circular 59, Circular 37 or Public Notice 7, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions will be increased, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Although Circular 37 requires less scrutiny on withholding income tax of non-resident enterprises at source, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not take harsh measures in the future with respect to tax related regulations over acquisition transactions.

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If we become directly subject to the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation and could result in a loss of your investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably.

Occasionally, U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies which have completed so-called reverse merger transactions, have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. For example, in December 2012, the SEC initiated administrative proceedings against the China affiliates of the “big four” public accounting firms for allegedly refusing to produce audit work papers and other documents related to certain China-based companies under investigation by the SEC for potential accounting fraud against U.S. investors. Although the firms reached a settlement with the SEC and although we were not and are not subject to any ongoing SEC investigations, many U.S. listed Chinese companies are now subject to, or may become subject to, shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. As a result of this proceeding and the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies has sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on our company, our business and our stock price. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our company. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from growing our company.

If the settlement reached between the SEC and the “big four” PRC-based accounting firms concerning the manner in which the SEC may seek access to audit working papers from audits in China of US-listed companies is not or cannot be performed in a manner acceptable to authorities in China and the United States, we may be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act in the future.

In late 2012, the SEC commenced administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against the China affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms. A first instance trial of the proceedings in July 2013 in the SEC’s internal administrative court resulted in an adverse judgment against the firms. The administrative law judge proposed penalties on the four PRC-based accounting firms including a temporary suspension of their right to practice before the SEC, although that proposed penalty did not take effect pending review by the Commissioners of the SEC. On February 6, 2015, before a review by the Commissioner had taken place, the Chinese accounting firms reached a settlement with the SEC whereby the proceedings were stayed. Under the settlement, the SEC accepted that future requests by the SEC for the production of documents would normally be made to the CSRC. The Chinese accounting firms would receive requests matching those under Section 106 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and would be required to abide by a detailed set of procedures with respect to such requests, which in substance would require them to facilitate production via the CSRC. The CSRC for its part initiated a procedure whereby, under its supervision and subject to its approval, requested classes of documents held by the accounting firms could be sanitized of problematic and sensitive content so as to render them capable of being made available by the CSRC to US regulators.

Under the terms of the settlement, the underlying proceeding against the four PRC-based accounting firms was deemed dismissed with prejudice at the end of four years starting from the settlement date, which was on February 6, 2019. Despite the final ending of the proceedings, the presumption is that all parties will continue to apply the same procedures: i.e., the SEC will continue to make its requests for the production of documents to the CSRC, and the CSRC will normally process those requests applying the sanitization procedure. We cannot predict whether, in cases where the CSRC does not authorize production of requested documents to the SEC, the SEC will further challenge the four PRC-based accounting firms’ compliance with U.S. law.

In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these accounting firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, United States-listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.

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In the past, we had engaged certain China affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms as our independent registered public accounting firm. While we did not do so since March 2017, we cannot assure you that we will not engage or otherwise rely on their audits in the future. If the accounting firm we engage were denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delisting of our ADSs from the Nasdaq or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ADSs in the United States.

The custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, may fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets.

Under the PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC market regulation administrative authorities.

In order to secure the use of our chops and seals, we have established internal control procedures and rules for using these chops and seals. In any event that the chops and seals are intended to be used, the responsible personnel will submit the application through our office automation system and the application will be verified and approved by authorized employees in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to authorized employees. Although we monitor such authorized employees, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our employees could abuse their authority, for example, by entering into a contract not approved by us or seeking to gain control of one of our subsidiaries or the consolidated affiliated entities. If any employee obtains, misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling non-tangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve and divert management from our operations.

It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China.

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigations that are common in jurisdictions outside China are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the United States or other jurisdictions may not be efficient in the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC, and without the consent by the Chinese securities regulatory authorities under the State Council and the relevant competent departments under the State Council, no entity or individual may provide documents or materials related to securities business to any foreign party. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 has yet to be promulgated, the inability of an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China and the potential obstacles for information provision may further increase difficulties you face in protecting your interests. See “—You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, conduct substantially all of our operations in China and most of our directors and officers reside outside the United States” for risks associated with investing in us as a Cayman Islands company.

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You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, conduct substantially all of our operations in China and most of our directors and officers reside outside the United States.

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some states in the United States, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of exempted companies in Cayman Islands like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than copies of our memorandum and articles of association, special resolutions passed by our shareholders, and our register of mortgages and chargers) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder resolution or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. If we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

In addition, we conduct substantially all of our business operations in China, and substantially all of our directors and senior management are based in China. The SEC, U.S. Department of Justice and other authorities often have substantial difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons, including company directors and officers, in certain emerging markets, including China. Additionally, our public shareholders may have limited rights and few practical remedies in emerging markets where we operate, as shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including class action securities law and fraud claims, generally are difficult or impossible to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in many emerging markets, including China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles for the SEC, the DOJ and other U.S. authorities to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation. Although the competent authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, the regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the United States has not been efficient in the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. In China, without the consent of the Chinese securities regulatory authorities under the State Council and the relevant competent departments under the State Council, no organization or individual may provide the documents and materials relating to securities business activities to foreign securities regulators. See “—It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China.”

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.

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Risks Related to the Market for Our ADSs

The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile.

The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. Effective on December 9, 2022, we consolidated every forty of the authorized (whether issued or unissued) shares of each class of par value of US$0.001 each in the capital of our company into one share of the same class of par value of US$0.04 each (the “Share Consolidation”). Upon the Share Consolidation, the ratio of our American Depositary Receipts representing ordinary shares of our company was amended from one ADS representing 10 ordinary shares to one ADS representing one ordinary share. During the year of 2022, the trading prices of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Capital Market ranged from $0.48 to $2.43 per ADS, and the last reported trading price on December 31, 2022 was $1.10 per ADS. The aforementioned trading prices have not been adjusted for the ADS ratio change. The price of our ADSs may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors including, changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other advertising companies, conditions in the air travel media industry and the sales or perceived potential sales of additional ordinary shares or ADSs.

In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also have a material adverse effect on the market price of our ADSs.

Additional sales of our ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could also cause the market price of our ADSs to decline.

If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ADSs and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.

Our ADSs are currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ANTE.” We are required to meet certain qualitative and financial requirements to maintain the listing of our ADSs on Nasdaq.

We received a notification letter from Nasdaq on September 16, 2020 indicating that we failed to comply with Rule 5550(b) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, which requires a minimum $2.5 million stockholders’ equity, or $35 million market value of listed securities, or $500,000 of net income from continuing operations. The letter also noted that we have until November 2, 2020 to submit a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance with Rule 5550(b) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. After reviewing the compliance plan which we submitted, Nasdaq granted us an extension to regain compliance. Under the terms of the extension, we must, on or before March 15, 2021, complete the actions undertaken by us in the compliance plan and evidence compliance with the Rule 5550(b) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. We received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq dated February 18, 2021, notifying us that we have regained compliance with the market value requirement.

In addition, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq on October 20, 2022 indicating that the closing bid price per ADS had been below $1.00 for a period of 30 consecutive business days and that we did not meet the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Rule 5550(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. As determined by Nasdaq, we had until April 18, 2023, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. We received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq dated December 27, 2022 notifying us that we have regained compliance with the requirement.

However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to maintain our compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq. If we fail to satisfy the requirements going forward or fail to regain compliance on a timely basis, our ADSs could be delisted from Nasdaq Capital Market and they would likely be traded on the over-the-counter markets. As a result, selling our ADSs could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, and security analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event that our ADSs are delisted, broker-dealers would bear certain regulatory burdens which may discourage them from effecting transactions in our ADSs and further limit the liquidity. These factors could result in lower trading prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our ADSs. Such delisting from Nasdaq could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional funds through equity or debt financing.

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We were named as a defendant or respondent in legal proceedings that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and reputation.

We have to defend against the legal proceedings described in “Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings,” including any appeals of such legal proceedings should our initial defense be unsuccessful. We are currently unable to estimate the possible loss or possible range of loss, if any, associated with the resolution of these legal proceedings. In the event that our initial defense of these legal proceedings is unsuccessful, there can be no assurance that we will prevail in any appeal. Any adverse outcome of these cases, including any plaintiff’s or claimant’s appeal of a judgment in these legal proceedings, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and reputation. In addition, there can be no assurance that our insurance carriers will cover all or part of the defense costs, or any liabilities that may arise from these matters. The legal proceeding process may utilize a significant portion of our cash resources and divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our company, all of which could harm our business. We also may be subject to claims for indemnification related to these matters, and we cannot predict the impact that indemnification claims may have on our business or financial results.

You may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our ordinary shares and may not receive voting materials in time to be able to exercise your right to vote.

Except as described in this annual report and in the deposit agreement, holders of our ADSs will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the shares evidenced by our ADSs on an individual basis. Holders of our ADSs will appoint the depositary or its nominee as their representative to exercise the voting rights attaching to the shares represented by the ADSs. You may not receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote, and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.

Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings and you may not receive cash dividends if it is impractical to make them available to you.

We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we register both the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary bank will not make rights available to you unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act or exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective and we may not be able to establish a necessary exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.

The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property to you.

You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties.

In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

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Anti-takeover provisions in our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and rights agreement could adversely affect the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

We have included certain provisions in our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company and deprive our shareholders of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transactions. The following provisions in our articles may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company:

● Our board of directors has the authority to establish from time to time, in their absolute discretion, one or more series of preferred shares without action by our shareholders and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including the designation of the series, the number of shares of the series, the dividend rights, conversion rights, and the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.

● Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, our board of directors from time to time may, in their absolute discretion and without approval of our shareholders, cause our company to issue additional ordinary shares without action by our shareholders to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.

On August 13, 2020, our board of directors adopted a rights agreement between us and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as the rights agent, and declared a dividend distribution of one right with respect to each of our outstanding ordinary share held of record at the close of business on August 24, 2020. When exercisable, each right will entitle the registered holder to purchase one ordinary share of our company at an exercise price of US$0.9 per right, subject to adjustment. In general terms, it works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group that acquires 15% or more of our ordinary shares without the approval of our board of directors. As a result, the overall effect of the rights agreement and the issuance of the rights may be to render more difficult or discourage a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving us that is not approved by our board. The issuance of additional ordinary shares of our company pursuant to the rights agreement would cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our board of directors.

Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by our principal shareholders who could exert significant influence over important corporate matters, which may reduce the price of our ADSs and deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares.

Certain principal shareholders hold a substantial percentage of the outstanding shares of our company. For example, as of March 31, 2023, our principal shareholder, Mr. Man Guo, along with his wife, Ms. Dan Shao, beneficially owned approximately 12.5% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Mr. Guo and other principal shareholders of our company could exert substantial influence over matters such as electing directors and approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership may also discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the dual effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and reducing the price of our ADSs. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders.

We are a “foreign private issuer,” and have disclosure obligations that are different from those of U.S. domestic reporting companies so you should not expect to receive the same information about us at the same time as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide.

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we are not required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements with the SEC. We are required to file our annual report within four months of our fiscal year end. We are not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that is required from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. We are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different from those required by other U.S. domestic reporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive information about us in the same amount and at the same time as information is received from, or provided by, other U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC which do apply to us as a foreign private issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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We believe we have been a passive foreign investment company for certain prior years, which could subject U.S. investors in the ADSs or ordinary shares to significant adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

In general, a non-U.S. corporation will be considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (2) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets (as generally determined on the basis of fair market value or adjusted basis) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income. Assuming we are treated as the owners of the VIEs, and based on the manner in which we operate our business, the composition and characterization of our assets (in particular the retention of a substantial amount of cash), we believe it is reasonable to take a position that we were not classified as a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2022. However, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects, and we cannot assure you we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or future taxable years. The value of the assets of our Parent for purposes of the PFIC determination will generally be determined by reference to the market price of the ADSs, which has and could continue fluctuate significantly. Accordingly, we may become classified as a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2023 and future taxable years if the market price of our ADSs does not increase or continues to decline and/or we do not  invest a substantial amount of cash and other passive assets we hold in assets that produce or are held for the production of non-passive income. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules to our cryptocurrency mining operations and related assets is uncertain. If our cryptocurrency mining operations consist of or give rise to assets that are treated as passive or generate passive income for PFIC purposes, and our cryptocurrency mining operations increase relative to our other operations, we may be more likely to be classified as a PFIC in the current taxable year or future taxable years. The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may challenge our determination in this regard. Further, we believe we are likely treated as a “controlled foreign corporation” (see “—If a U.S. Holder is treated as owning at least 10% of our ordinary shares, such U.S. Holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.”) and the value of the assets owned by our subsidiaries and the VIEs will be determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of such assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because we do not currently track adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may not be able to determine whether we are a PFIC in future taxable years. Because of these uncertainties, there can be no assurance that we were not classified as a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2022, or we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or in  future taxable years.

If we were to be classified as a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. Holder (as defined in Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation) may incur significantly increased U.S. income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares and on the receipt of distributions on the ADSs or ordinary shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as an “excess distribution” under the U.S. federal income tax rules. Furthermore, a U.S. Holder will generally be treated as holding an equity interest in a PFIC in the first taxable year of the U.S. Holder’s holding period in which we become a PFIC and subsequent taxable years even if, we, in fact, cease to be a PFIC in subsequent taxable years. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder of our ADSs or ordinary shares is urged to consult its tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares, including the possibility of making a “mark-to-market” election. For more information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation.”

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If a U.S. Holder is treated as owning at least 10% of our ordinary shares, such U.S. Holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

If a U.S. Holder (as defined below in “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation.”) is treated as owning, directly, indirectly or constructively, at least 10% of the value or voting power of our ordinary shares (directly or in the form of ADSs representing our ordinary shares), such U.S. Holder may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” in our corporate group, if any. Generally, a non-U.S. corporation is considered as a controlled foreign corporation if more than 50% of its voting stock or 50% of its value of is owned (directly, indirectly or constructively) by United States shareholders. We believe we are likely classified as a controlled foreign corporation. Further if our corporate group includes one or more U.S. subsidiaries, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries could be treated as controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether we are treated as a controlled foreign corporation. A United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to annually report and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income” and investments in U.S. property by controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether we make any distributions. An individual that is a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a United States shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to such shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due from starting. We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist our investors in determining whether any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are treated as a controlled foreign corporation or whether such investor is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to any of such controlled foreign corporations. Further, we cannot provide any assurances that we will furnish to any United States shareholder information that may be necessary to comply with the reporting and tax paying obligations described in this risk factor. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to their investment in our ordinary shares or ADSs.

ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 12, 2007 and conducted our operations in China through our subsidiaries, and the consolidated affiliated entities. We commenced operations in August 2005 in China through Linghang Shengshi, a VIE of our principal subsidiary, Chuangyi Technology. Later, we established additional VIEs to conduct our operations in China. Substantially all of our current operations are conducted through contractual arrangements with these VIEs.

On November 7, 2007, we listed our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “AMCN.” We and certain of our then shareholders completed the initial public offering of 17,250,000 ADSs, representing 34,500,000 of our ordinary shares, on November 13, 2007. Our ADSs were subsequently transferred to the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and transferred to the Nasdaq Capital Market in November 2018. On April 11, 2019, we changed our ADS share ratio from one ADS representing two ordinary shares to one ADS representing 10 ordinary shares. Our trading symbol on the Nasdaq Capital Market has been changed from “AMCN” to “ANTE” effective on June 13, 2019. Effective on December 9, 2022, we consolidated every forty of the authorized (whether issued or unissued) shares of each class of par value of US$0.001 each in the capital of our company into one share of the same class of par value of US$0.04 each (the “Share Consolidation”). Upon the Share Consolidation, the ratio of our American Depositary Receipts representing ordinary shares of our company were amended from one ADS representing 10 ordinary shares to one ADS representing one ordinary share.

In 2015, we sold all equity interest of Jinsheng Advertising, the operating entity of our TV-attached digital frames business. In connection with such equity interest transfer, we have transferred all relevant assets, liabilities and managerial duties related to the TV-attached digital frames operated by Jinsheng Advertising with net carrying value of $1.1 million. In 2015, we also divested our digital TV screens in airports and did not renew the relevant concession right contracts as they expired. As a result, we ceased our operation of the business line of digital TV screens in airports.

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In June 2015, we entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. to sell 75% equity interest of AM Advertising, for a consideration of RMB2.1 billion in cash. In November 2015, Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. assigned and transferred its rights and obligations under the equity interest transfer agreement relating to 46.43% equity interest of AM Advertising to Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership), or Culture Center. As part of the transaction, we effected an internal business reorganization and transferred all our media business in airports (excluding digital TV screens in airports and TV-attached digital frames) and all billboard and LED media business outside of airports (excluding gas station media network and digital TV screens on airplanes) to AM Advertising to form the target business to be sold, or the Disposed Business, and transferred our other business out of AM Advertising. To effectuate the sale, we removed the VIE structure with respect to AM Advertising. The change in the equity ownership of AM Advertising was registered with the local branch of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC (which has merged into the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, in March 2018), in December 2015. We have ceased to consolidate the results of AM Advertising after the sale.

In addition, the agreement’s earnout provisions will continue to apply until all profit targets are achieved. In the event the adjusted net profit of AM Advertising after the provided restructuring in 2015, 2016 and 2017 is less than the profit target provided for in the agreement, we, as a shareholder of AM Advertising, will be obligated to compensate the buyers for the deficiency by nil-consideration equity interest transfers or other means of compensation. On March 28, 2018, August 23, 2018 and November, 2018, we entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) and its supplemental agreement respectively, with, among others, Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership), under which, among other things, Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu have agreed to pay or make available to AM Advertising on or prior to May 30, 2018 and further extended to September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 an aggregate of RMB304.5 million to hedge the following amounts (1) the RMB152.0 million profits attributable to Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu for the first nine months of 2015, based on a third-party pro forma audit report on the Target Business; (2) the loan of RMB88.0 million in principal balance and RMB7.8 million in interests; and (3) the payment of RMB56.7 million in cash after the sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising, which consisted of 20.18% equity interests held by us and 0.14% equity interests held by Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu on behalf of our company, and following the completion of the foregoing arrangements, our obligations with respect to the profit target for 2015, the earnout provision for the first nine months of 2015 and the loans between AM Advertising and Linghang Shengshi shall be deem completed. As the primary rights and obligations of the MoU have been fulfilled including the transfer all its media business in airports (excluding digital TV screens in airports and TV-attached digital frames) and all billboard and LED media business outside of airports (excluding gas station media network and digital TV screens on airplanes) to AM Advertising, and transfer of the trademark to AM advertising, and we did not received any notice of cancellation of the MoU from Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership), we believe the MoU is legally valid. We will make payment according to the MoU once the application for tax refund of AM Advertising finishes as agreed in the MoU. Once the tax refund finishes, the net settlement amount may be reduced pursuant to the MoU.

In January 2021, we were informed that two of Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts amounted to $1 in aggregate was frozen by the court as Culture Center applied to the court regardless of the arbitration process in the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, or the CIETAC, in connection with the sale by us of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising. We believed the application is non-excused as it conflicted with the arbitration proceeding already submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC and defended the actions by applying to the court to unfreeze Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts. In March 2021, we discovered that the equity interest of AirNet Online held by Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu was frozen by the court, which was applied to the court by AM Advertising to urge all parties to settle the Transfer, or the Case. In January 2022, the court ruled that Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu should pay RMB 56.7 million and interest, or the Debts, to AM Advertising within 10 days of the effective date of the judgment. The court further ruled that Chuangyi Technology and AirNet is jointly and severally liable for the Debts to the AM Advertising. Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Man Guo, Mr. Qing Xu and Chuangyi Technology has entered an appeal to the court. The Case is currently in the second trial by the court.

In April 2015, we established AirNet Online, a VIE, to operate the Wi-Fi business.

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In January 2017, we, through AirNet Online, established Unicom AirNet (Beijing) Network Co., Ltd., or Unicom AirNet, jointly with Unicom Broadband Online Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of China Unicom, and Chengdu Haite Kairong Aeronautical Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of a listed company providing aeronautical technical services. Pursuant to a capital contribution agreement entered into by the relevant parties, AirNet Online invested an aggregate of RMB117.9 million in Unicom AirNet. AirNet Online currently holds 39% of equity interests in Unicom AirNet, and can designate three directors to its seven-member board. We and the other two shareholders of Unicom AirNet intend to build global network for aeronautical communication and provide in-flight internet and other value-added services through this newly established company. We believe that our respective expertise and advantages in telecommunication and aeronautical technology can be fully utilized under this joint venture.

In November 2018, Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu entered into an equity transfer agreement with Jiangsu Hongzhou Investment Co., Ltd., an independent third party to sell 20.32% equity interest of AM Advertising for an initial transfer price of RMB580 million in cash. We have completed the equity interest transfer and have received the installment payment of RMB200 million for the transfer pursuant to this equity transfer agreement and a supplemental agreement entered into by the same parties in November 2019.

In conjunction with the realignment of our business to further develop the in-flight connectivity business, our shareholders resolved to change our name from “AirMedia Group Inc.” to “AirNet Technology Inc.” in an extraordinary general meeting on May 20, 2019.

We have established a new line of business in relation to cryptocurrency mining to mitigate the adversary impacts of COVID-19 on our in-flight connectivity business. On December 30, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with Unistar. Pursuant to the agreement, we issued 23,876,308 ordinary shares, or approximately 19% of our then outstanding ordinary shares, to Unistar on December 31, 2020, in exchange for the delivery and transfer by Unistar to us of computer servers specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies. On February 4, 2021, we entered into an investment agreement with Northern Shore. Pursuant to the agreement, we issued 28,412,806 ordinary shares, or approximately 19% of our then outstanding ordinary shares, to Northern Shore in exchange for the delivery and transfer by Northern Shore to us of computer servers specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies. On April 6, 2022, we entered into an investment agreement with Unistar, pursuant to which we issued (1) 4,448,847 ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, and (2) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,945,137 newly issued ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, to Unistar and Northern Shore in exchange for the delivery and transfer of 5,000 ANTMINER S19 and 2,000 INNO A11 computer servers to further expand our cryptocurrency business.

Our principal executive offices are located at Suite 301 No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86-10-8450-8818 and our fax number is +86-10-8460-8658. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.

B. Business Overview

General

We conduct our air travel media network business operations by our VIEs and their respective subsidiaries, and conduct our cryptocurrency mining business operations by our Hong Kong subsidiary.

Our Air Travel Media Network Business

Driven by innovation, we gradually reinvented ourselves and shaped our core competitiveness in providing in-flight solutions to connectivity, entertainment and digital multimedia in China. Collaborating with our partners, we provide Chinese airlines with seamless and immersive internet connections through a network of satellites and land-based beacons, furnish airline travelers with interactive entertainment and coverage of breaking news, and provide corporate clients with advertisements tailored to the changing perceptions of the travelers.

Collaborating with China Unicom, we are licensed to provide in-flight connectivity over the internet. Furthermore, backed by our partners’ next-generation satellite communications hardware, we are able to provide airline travelers with a seamless and immersive internet connection delivering the same experience as it would’ve been otherwise on the ground. Moreover, our strategic partnership with China Eastern Airlines Media Co., Ltd. enables us to deliver multimedia contents to travelers on airplanes operated by China Eastern Airlines through a mobile app.

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In addition to our active endeavors in in-flight connectivity, we maintain a wide range of in-flight entertainment and advertising contents. As of March 31, 2023, we have access to in-flight entertainment and advertising contents including exclusive in-flight copyrights to over 65% of movies previously shown in domestic theaters, more than 900 archived films, and thousands of hours of multimedia programs of entertainment nature covering a variety of topics such as sports, comedies, local attractions, reality shows, commentaries, documentaries. As of March 31, 2023, we were engaged to provide copyrighted entertainment contents to more than 12 airlines. Furthermore, we are engaged by hundreds of corporate clients to provide advertising contents across different in-flight entertainment systems. Built upon our experiences, we are capable of developing entertainment contents independently and producing advertising contents tailored to the needs of corporate clients.

Our products and services combine in-flight connectivity and entertainment. To further grow our business, we are committed to take full advantage of our partnership with China Unicom and partners to improve travelers’ experience when they connect to the internet en route of their travel. Meanwhile, we are devoted to maintaining a versatile collection of entertainment contents covering a variety of aspects of lifestyles attracting traveling consumers. We are also satisfying the advertising needs of corporate clients through our influence on travelling consumers.

Our Cryptocurrency Mining Business

Started off as a pilot project in January 2021, our cryptocurrency business operated 901 miners mining Ethereum with a hash rate capacity of 508.72Gh/s as of December 31, 2022. Given the establishment and rigid enforcement of a ban to mining cryptocurrency in China in the mid of May 2021, we terminated our cryptocurrency business in China and initiated a transition of our cryptocurrency business from China to the U.S. On January 27, 2022, we leased approximately four acres of land including approximately 22,603 square feet of office space in Houston, Texas. Our transition to the U.S. would further grow our cryptocurrency business by adding Bitcoin to our cryptocurrency business portfolios.

Our cryptocurrency mining business is focused on expanding our computing powers measured by hash rate, which is devoted to supporting blockchains. In the instance of Bitcoin and Ethereum, the greater share of the blockchains’ total network hash rate represented by a miner’s hash rate, the greater the miner’s chances of securing Bitcoin and Ethereum rewards. Given the increasing demand for both Bitcoin and Ethereum, we expect a significant growth of blockchains’ network hash rate as a result of additional miner operators entering the market. Hence, we expect to further grow our hash rate to compete in our dynamic and competitive industry.

We have accomplished our expansion of hash rate by acquiring specialized computer servers (known as the “miners”) built to operate application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips designed specifically to mine Bitcoin and Ethereum. We financed our expansion with a new issuance of our equity. On April 6, 2022, we entered into an investment agreement with Unistar, pursuant to which we issued (1) 4,448,847 ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, and (2) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,945,137 newly issued ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share, to Unistar and Northern Shore in exchange for the delivery and transfer of 5,000 ANTMINER S19 and 2,000 INNO A11 computer servers to further expand our cryptocurrency business.

Advertisers, Sales and Marketing

Our Advertisers

Our advertisers purchase advertising time slots and locations on our advertising network either directly from us or through advertising agencies. Many advertisers negotiate the terms of the advertising purchase agreements directly with us, however we also rely on advertising agencies for a significant portion of our sales.

We have a broad base of international and domestic advertisers in various industries. In each of 2020, 2021 and 2022, advisors from one industry, which is automobiles, accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues from continuing operations. There were two of our customers each year accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues for 2020, 2021 and 2022.

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Sales and Marketing

We rely on our experienced sales team to assist advertisers in structuring advertising campaigns by analyzing advertisers’ target audiences and the form and contents of the advertisement they may be interested in, as well as consumer products and services. We conduct market research, consumer surveys, demographic analysis and other advertising industry research for internal use to help our advertisers to create effective advertisements. We also engage third-party market research firms from time to time to obtain the relevant market study data, and at the same time hire such research firms to evaluate the effects of our advertising, so as to evaluate the effectiveness of our network for our advertisers and to illustrate to our advertisers our ability to reach targeted demographic groups effectively.

We actively attend various public relation events to promote our brand image and the value of air travel digital advertising. We market our advertising services by displaying our name and logo on all of our digital TV screens on airplanes and by placing advertisements on third-party media from time to time, including China Central Television. We also engage third-party advertising agencies to help source advertisers.

Pricing

The listing prices of our air travel media services depend on the passenger flow of each airline, the needs of each airline, the number of time slots and display locations purchased, the cost of the relevant media assets, our costs for the relevant concession rights, and competition. We review our listing prices periodically and make adjustments as necessary in light of market conditions.

Prices for advertisements on our network are fixed under our sales contracts with advertisers or advertising agencies, typically at a discount to our listing prices.

Programming

Our digital TV screens on network airplanes play programs ranging from 45 minutes to 120 minutes once per flight. We compile each cycle from advertisements of 5-, 15- or 30-seconds in length provided by advertisers to us and from non-advertising content generated by the VIEs in China or provided by third-party content providers. We generally create a programming list on a weekly or monthly basis for programs played on airplanes, respectively. We create this list by first fixing the schedule for advertising content according to the respective sales contracts with our advertisers to guarantee the agreed duration, time and frequency of advertisements for each advertiser, then adding the non-advertising content to achieve an optimal blend of advertising and non-advertising content.

Substantially all of the advertisements on our network are provided by our advertisers. All of the advertising content displayed on our advertising network is reviewed by us to ensure compliance with PRC laws and regulations. See “—Regulation-Regulation of Advertising Services—Advertising Content.” We update advertising content for our programs played on digital TV screens on airplanes on a monthly basis. A majority of the non-advertising content played on our network is provided by third-party content providers such as Dragon TV, the Travel Channel and various satellite and cable television stations and television production companies. In January 2014, we entered into a strategic partnership with China Radio International Oriental Network (Beijing) Co., Ltd, which manages the internet TV business of China International Broadcasting Network, to operate the CIBN-AirNet channel to broadcast network TV programs to air travelers in China.

Our programming team edits, compiles and records into digital format for all of our network programs according to the programming list. Each programming list and pre-recorded program is carefully reviewed to ensure the accuracy of the order, duration and frequency as well as the appropriateness of the programming content.

Display Equipment Supplies and Maintenance

The primary hardware required for the operation of our air travel media network are the digital TV screens that we use in our media network. The majority of our digital TV screens consist of plasma display panels and LCDs. Maintaining a steady supply of our display equipment is important to our operations and the growth of our network. Our TV screen suppliers typically provide us with one-year warranties. Our service team cleans, maintains and monitors our digital TV screens on airplanes regularly.

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Customer Service

Our customer service team is responsible for contacting third-party research firms to compile evaluation reports based on selective sampling of the status of advertising on our network and providing advertisers with monthly monitoring reports once the relevant advertising campaign is launched on our network. At the same time, we also provide our advertisers with monthly reports prepared by third parties who verify the proper functioning of our displays and the proper dissemination of the advertisement when required by our advertisers; such reports are done through online survey to analyze the effectiveness of and public reaction to the advertisements. In addition, our network airlines are also actively involved in the monitoring process.

Competition

Air Travel Media Network

We compete primarily with several different groups of competitors in the air travel media market:

● in-house advertising companies of airlines that may operate their own advertising networks; and

● traditional advertising media, such as newspapers, television, magazines and radio.

We compete for advertisers primarily on the basis of location, price, program quality, range of services offered and brand recognition. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We face significant competition in the PRC advertising industry, and if we do not compete successfully against new and existing competitors, we may lose our market share, and our profits may be reduced.”

Cryptocurrency Mining

Cryptocurrencies are decentralized digital currencies that enable near instantaneous transfers. Transactions occur via an open source, cryptographic protocol platform which uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority. The network is an online, peer-to-peer network that hosts the public transaction ledger, known as the blockchain, and each cryptocurrency is associated with a source code that comprises the basis for the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the blockchain. In a cryptocurrency network, every peer has its own copy of the blockchain, which contains records of every historical transaction – effectively containing records of all account balances. Each account is identified solely by its unique public key (making it effectively anonymous) and is secured with its associated private key (kept secret, like a password). The combination of private and public cryptographic keys constitutes a secure digital identity in the form of a digital signature, providing strong control of ownership.

Given their decentralized nature, the value of cryptocurrencies is determined by market factors, supply of and demand for the units, the prices being set in transfers by mutual agreement or barter among transacting parties, as well as the number of merchants that may accept the cryptocurrency. Units of cryptocurrency can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Coinbase and various other exchanges. Cryptocurrency prices are quoted on various exchanges and fluctuate with extreme volatility.

To mine cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, specialized computer servers (known as “miners”) need to be acquired and deployed at-scale to support blockchain in exchange of rewards in the form of cryptocurrencies. Given the sophistications as well as quantity on demand, the miners can only be built by a few manufacturers with required technological specialties and manufacturing capabilities. Hence, miners are continuously in short supplies and a premium over the listed retail price is required to secure a purchase of miners in significant quantities.

Amid the intense competition for rewards of cryptocurrency, miners are pooled together into organized mining pools associated with different groups of miners. Mining pools help to limit the variance involved with competing to support the blockchains and to dispense rewards more evenly on a pro rata basis based on the total hashing capacity contributed to the mining pool.

Accompanying the proliferation of the demands for cryptocurrencies, the cryptocurrency mining sector has seen a significant growth of competition ranging from individual enthusiasts to professional mining operators with dedicated data centers. At present, the information concerning the activities of competing individuals and enterprises is not readily available as the vast majority of the participants in this sector do not publish information publicly or the information may be unreliable. Published sources of information include “bitcoin.org” and “blockchain.info”; however, the reliability of that information cannot be assured.

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Intellectual Property

To protect our brand and other intellectual property, we rely on a combination of trademark and trade secret laws as well as confidentiality agreements with our employees, sales agents, contractors and others. As of March 31, 2023, we have registered 23 major trademarks and one patent in China, including “往返”, “忘返” and “众伴”. We cannot be certain that our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights will be adequate or that third parties will not infringe or misappropriate these rights.

Regulation

We operate our business in China under a legal regime consisting of the State Council, which is the highest authority of the executive branch of the National People’s Congress, and several ministries and agencies under its authority including the SAMR.

China’s Advertising Law was promulgated in 1994, and was later revised in 2015, 2018 and 2021. In addition, the State Council, SAIC (which has merged into the SAMR in March 2018) and other ministries and agencies have issued regulations that regulate our business, all of which are discussed below.

Limitations on Foreign Ownership in the Advertising Industry

Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are principally governed by the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraged Foreign Investment (2022 Edition) and the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition). The Catalogue of Industries for Encouraged Foreign Investment (2022 Edition) and the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition) classified the foreign-invested industries into two categories, namely (1) encouraged industries and (2) industries within the catalogue of special administrative measures. As updated and clarified by the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), industries within the catalogue of special administrative measures are further divided into two sub-categories: “restricted” industries and “prohibited” industries. Unless otherwise prescribed by the PRC laws, industries which are not set out in the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraged Foreign Investment (2022 Edition) and the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition) are permitted foreign-invested industries. Applicable regulations and approval requirements vary based on the different categories. Investments in the PRC by foreign investors through wholly foreign-owned enterprises must be in compliance with the applicable regulations, and such foreign investors must obtain governmental approvals as required by these regulations.

According to the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraged Foreign Investment (2022 Edition) and the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), the television program production and operation falls into the category of prohibited foreign investment industry, but the advertising industry is not listed in the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraged Foreign Investment (2020 Edition) or the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition). As such, the advertising industry does not fall into the category of restricted or prohibited foreign investment industry.

In 2020, 2021 and 2022 and up to the date of this annual report, our advertising business is mainly conducted through contractual arrangements with the VIEs in China, including AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan.

In addition, according to the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), a foreign entity is prohibited from owning more than 50% of any PRC entity that provides value-added telecommunication services. If we re-run our Wi-Fi business, it might be regarded as value-added telecommunication business. As a result, we would enter into concession rights contracts related to our Wi-Fi business via AirNet Online, which is expected to directly operate this business.

Our subsidiary, Chuangyi Technology, has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan and their shareholders under which:

● we are able to exert effective control over the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries;

● a substantial portion of the economic benefits of the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries could be transferred to us; and

● we have an exclusive option to purchase all of the equity interests in the VIEs in each case when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.

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See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Contractual Arrangements.”

In the opinion of our PRC legal counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, save as described in this annual report, the contractual arrangements between Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs do not violate existing PRC laws and regulations, and in each case governed by PRC law, are (1) valid and legally binding on each party thereto, and (2) enforceable in accordance with the terms thereof, subject as to enforceability to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, the discretion of relevant government agencies in exercising their authority in connection with the interpretation and implementation thereof and the application of relevant PRC laws and policies thereto, and to general equity principles.

We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, however, that there are some uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the PRC regulatory authorities will not in the future take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. We have been further advised by our PRC counsel that if the PRC government determines that the contractual arrangements do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment, we could be subject to certain penalties. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, our business could be materially and adversely affected.”

Regulation on Foreign Investment

On March 15, 2019, the Foreign Investment Law was enacted by the National People’s Congress, which became effective on January 1, 2020 and replaced the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments.

The Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly define the contractual arrangements with VIEs as a form of foreign investment. It contains an ambiguous clause that covers other form stipulated in laws, administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council within its definition of foreign investment. Therefore, uncertainties still exist about whether the contractual arrangements with VIEs will be deemed to violate the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws.

Moreover, the Foreign Investment Law establishes a foreign investment information reporting system. Foreign investors or foreign-funded enterprises shall submit the investment information to competent authorities through the enterprise registration system and the enterprise credit information publicity system. The contents and scope of foreign investment information to be reported shall be determined by the principle of necessity. Where foreign-investors or foreign-invested enterprises are found to be non-compliant with these information reporting obligations, competent commerce authority shall ask for corrections with a specified period; if such corrections are not made in time, a penalty of not less than RMB100,000 yet not more than RMB500,000 shall be imposed. Other than reporting foreign investment information, the Foreign Investment Law also establishes a security examination mechanism for foreign investment and conducts security review of foreign investment that affects or may affect national security. The decision made upon the security examination in accordance with the law shall be final.

On December 27, 2021, the NDRC and the MOFCOM, jointly issued the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List), effective from January 1, 2022. Pursuant to the Negative List, if a domestic company engaging in the prohibited business stipulated in the Negative List seeks an overseas offering and listing, it shall obtain the approval from the competent governmental authorities. Besides, the foreign investors of the company shall not be involved in the company’s operation and management, and their shareholding percentage shall be subject, mutatis mutandis, to the relevant regulations on the domestic securities investments by foreign investors. According to the public responses of relevant officials from the NDRC and the MOFCOM to the reporters’ questions regarding the Negative List, no reduction shareholding percentage of foreign investor is required with respect to those existing enterprises listed overseas, the percentage of foreign shareholding of which have exceeded the stipulated threshold before the promulgation of the Negative List.

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Regulation of Advertising Services

Business License for Advertising Companies

The SAMR is the primary governmental authority regulating advertising activities in China. Regulations that apply to advertising business primarily include: (1) Advertisement Law of the People’s Republic of China, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on October 27, 1994 and amended on April 24, 2015, October 26, 2018 and April 29, 2021; and (2) Administrative Regulations for Advertising, promulgated by the State Council on October 26, 1987 and effective on December 1, 1987. Under applicable regulations governing advertising businesses in China, companies that engage in advertising activities must obtain from the SAMR or its local branches a business license which specifically includes within its scope the operation of an advertising business. Companies conducting advertising activities without such a license may be subject to penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income and orders to cease advertising operations. The business license of an advertising company is valid for the duration of its existence, unless the license is suspended or revoked due to a violation of any relevant law or regulation. We do not expect to encounter any difficulties in maintaining our business licenses. Each of the VIEs which conducts such advertising business has obtained such a business license from the local branches of the SAMR as required by existing PRC regulations.

Advertising Content

PRC advertising laws and regulations set forth certain content requirements for advertisements in China, which include prohibitions on, among other things, misleading content, superlative wording, socially destabilizing content or content involving obscenities, superstition, violence, discrimination or infringement of the public interest. Advertisements for anesthetic, psychotropic, toxic or radioactive drugs are prohibited. The dissemination of tobacco advertisements via media is also prohibited as well as the display of tobacco advertisements in public areas. There are also specific restrictions and requirements regarding advertisements that relate to matters such as patented products or processes, pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, agrochemicals, foodstuff, alcohol and cosmetics. In addition, all advertisements relating to pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, agrochemicals and veterinary pharmaceuticals advertised through any media, together with any other advertisements subject to censorship by administrative authorities under relevant laws and administrative regulations, must be submitted to the relevant administrative authorities for content approval prior to dissemination. We do not believe that advertisements containing content subject to restriction or censorship comprise a material portion of the advertisements displayed on our network.

Advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors are required by PRC advertising laws and regulations to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute are true and in full compliance with applicable law. In providing advertising services, advertising operators and advertising distributors must review the prescribed supporting documents provided by advertisers for advertisements and verify that the content of the advertisements comply with applicable PRC laws and regulations. In addition, prior to distributing advertisements for certain items which are subject to government censorship and approval, advertising distributors are obligated to ensure that such censorship has been performed and approval has been obtained. Violation of these regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the SAMR or its local branches may revoke violators’ licenses or permits for advertising business operations. Furthermore, advertisers, advertising operators or advertising distributors may be subject to civil liability if they infringe the legal rights and interests of third parties in the course of their advertising business.

Outdoor Advertising

The PRC Advertising Law stipulates that the exhibition and display of outdoor advertisements must not:

● utilize traffic safety facilities and traffic signs;

● impede the use of public facilities, traffic safety facilities and traffic signs;

● obstruct commercial and public activities or create an unpleasant sight in urban areas;

● be placed in restrictive areas near government offices, cultural landmarks or historical or scenic sites; or

● be placed in areas prohibited by the local governments at or above county level from having outdoor advertisements.

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In addition, according to a relevant the State Administration of Radio Film Television, or the SARFT, circular, displaying audio-video programs such as television news, films and television shows, sports, technology and entertainment through public audio-video systems located in automobiles, buildings, airports, bus or train stations, shops, banks and hospitals and other outdoor public systems must be approved by the SARFT. The relevant authority in China has not promulgated any implementation rules on the procedure of applying for the requisite approval pursuant to the SARFT circular.

PRC Policies and Regulations relating to the Cryptocurrency Industry

According to the Circular of the People’s Bank of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Banking Regulatory Commission, CSRC, and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on the Prevention of Risks from Bitcoin jointly promulgated by People’s Bank of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the CSRC, and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on December 3, 2013, or the Circular, Bitcoin shall be a kind of virtual commodity in nature, which shall not be in the same legal status with currencies and shall not be circulated as currencies and used in markets as currencies. The Circular also provides that financial institutions and payment institutions shall not engage in business in connection with Bitcoin.

According to Announcement of the People’s Bank of China, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on Preventing Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) Risks promulgated by seven PRC governmental authorities including the People’s Bank of China on September 4, 2017, or the Announcement, activities of offering and financing of tokens, including initial coin offerings, have been forbidden in the PRC since they may be suspected to be considered as illegal offering of securities or illegal fundraising. All so-called token trading platform should not (1) engage in the exchange between any statutory currency with tokens and “virtual currencies,” (2) trade or trade the tokens or “virtual currencies” as central counterparties, or (3) provide pricing, information agency or other services for tokens or “virtual currencies.” The Announcement further provides that financial institutions and payment institutions shall not engage in business in connection with transactions of offering and financing of tokens.

According to the Circular on Regulating Virtual Currency “Mining” Activities jointly promulgated by the NDRC, the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Office of Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and the National Energy Administration on September 3, 2021, the PRC government classifies the virtual currency mining activities as the eliminated industry of the Catalogue for Guiding Industry Restructuring, which prohibits investments in projects falling within this category.

According to the Circular on Further Preventing and Disposing of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation Risks jointly promulgated by the People’s Bank of China, the Office of Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the PRC Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, CSRC and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on September 15, 2021, virtual currency- related business activities, such as exchange between legal tender currencies and virtual currencies, exchange between virtual currencies, trading virtual currencies as central counterparty, providing information intermediary and pricing services for virtual currency trading, token issuance and financing, and virtual currency derivatives trading are illegal financial activities and are strictly prohibited and resolutely banned. Virtual currency- related business activities of an overseas virtual currency exchange which provides services to PRC residents via the Internet are illegal financial activities.

On March 12, 2022, the NDRC published the Market Access Negative List (2022 Edition), which lists the virtual currency mining activities as the “backward production processes and equipment” under the eliminated item in the Catalogue for Guiding Industrial Restructuring. According to the List, market entities are prohibited from investing in eliminated items.

Regulations on Foreign Exchange

The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in China is the Foreign Exchange Administration Rules, which became effective in 1996, and was further amended in 2008. Under these Rules, RMB is freely convertible for current account items, such as trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investment, loan or investment in securities outside China unless the prior approval of, and/or registration with, SAFE or its local counterparts (as the case may be) is obtained.

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On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming the Management Approach Regarding the Foreign Exchange Capital Settlement of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which became effective on June 1, 2015, and was further amended in 2019 and 2023. On June 9, 2016, the SAFE promulgated the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, which revised some provisions of SAFE Circular 19. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 allows foreign-invested enterprises to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis and allows ordinary foreign-invested enterprises to make domestic equity investments by capital transfer in the original currencies, or with the amount obtained from foreign exchange settlement, subject to complying with certain requirements. According to SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16, the RMB funds obtained by foreign-invested enterprises from the discretionary settlement of foreign exchange capitals shall be managed under the accounts pending for foreign exchange settlement payment, and foreign-invested enterprise shall not use its capital and the RMB funds obtained from foreign exchange settlement for the purposes within the following negative list: for expenditure beyond its business scope or expenditure prohibited by laws and regulations, for investments in securities or other investments than banks’ principal-secured products, for the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license, or for construction or expenses related to the purchase of real estate not for self-use, unless it is a foreign-invested real estate enterprise. Moreover, on January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Advancing the Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Improving Examination of Authenticity and Compliance, or Circular 3. The Circular 3 states several control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of any profit from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (1) under the principle of genuine transaction, banks should review board resolutions, the original version of tax filing records and audited financial statements before wiring the foreign exchange profit distribution of a foreign-invested enterprise exceeding $50,000; and (2) domestic entities should hold income to make up previous years’ losses before remitting the profits to offshore entities. Meanwhile, verification on the genuineness and compliance of foreign direct investments in domestic entities has also been tightened in accordance with Circular 3.

Pursuant to SAFE Circular 19, SAFE Circular 16 and SAFE Circular 3, foreign invested enterprises in China may convert part or all of the amount of the foreign currency in its capital account, special account for foreign debt or special account for overseas listing into RMB at any time after going through capitals review process with bank and supplement necessary supporting documents upon bank’s request for verification on genuineness and compliance. Nevertheless, it is still not clear whether foreign-invested enterprises like our PRC subsidiaries are allowed to extend intercompany loans to the VIEs.

Regulations on Dividend Distribution

Under applicable PRC regulations, wholly foreign-owned companies in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Additionally, these wholly foreign-owned companies are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until their cumulative total reserve funds have reached 50% of the companies’ registered capitals. At the discretion of these wholly foreign-owned companies, they may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation and cannot be used for working capital purposes.

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In addition, under the EIT Law and its implementing rules, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a FIE in China to its foreign investors who are non-resident enterprises will be subject to a 10% withholding tax unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. BVI, where Broad Cosmos, our wholly owned subsidiary, is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with China. AN China, the 100% shareholder of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi, is incorporated in Hong Kong. According to the Mainland and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Arrangement on Avoiding Double Taxation or Evasion of Taxation on Income agreed between China and Hong Kong in August 2006, dividends paid by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its direct holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 5% (if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the foreign-invested enterprise). On October 14, 2019, the State Administration of Taxation, or the SAT, issued Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Issuing the Measures for Non-resident Taxpayers’ Enjoyment of Treaty Benefits, or SAT Circular 35, which became effective on January 1, 2020. Under these measures, our Hong Kong subsidiary needs to obtain approval from the competent local branch of the State Administration of Taxation in order to enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% in accordance with the Double Taxation Arrangement. In February 2009, SAT issued Notice No. 81. According to Notice No. 81, in order to enjoy the preferential treatment on dividend withholding tax rates, an enterprise must be the “beneficial owner” of the relevant dividend income, and no enterprise is entitled to enjoy preferential treatment pursuant to any tax treaties if such enterprise qualifies for such preferential tax rates through any transaction or arrangement, the major purpose of which is to obtain such preferential tax treatment. The tax authority in charge has the right to make adjustments to the applicable tax rates, if it determines that any taxpayer has enjoyed preferential treatment under tax treaties as a result of such transaction or arrangement. In October 2009, SAT issued another notice on this matter, or Notice No. 601, to provide guidance on the criteria to determine whether an enterprise qualifies as the “beneficial owner” of the PRC sourced income for the purpose of obtaining preferential treatment under tax treaties. Pursuant to Notice No. 601, the PRC tax authorities will review and grant tax preferential treatment on a case-by-case basis and adopt the “substance over form” principle in the review. Notice 601 specifies that a beneficial owner should generally carry out substantial business activities and own and have control over the income, the assets or other rights generating the income. Therefore, an agent or a conduit company will not be regarded as a beneficial owner of such income. On February 3, 2018, SAT issued Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties, or Circular 9, which became effective on April 1, 2018 and superseded Notice No. 601. In comparison with Notice No. 601, Circular 9 enlarging and further explaining the scope of beneficial owner, supplementing the applicants deemed as beneficial owners who obtain proceeds from China as direct or indirect 100% shareholder, increasing the certainty of identifying beneficial owner. Since the two notices were issued, it has remained unclear how the PRC tax authorities will implement them in practice and to what extent they will affect the dividend withholding tax rates for dividends distributed by our subsidiaries in China to our Hong Kong subsidiary. If the relevant tax authority determines that our Hong Kong subsidiary is a conduit company and does not qualify as the “beneficial owner” of the dividend income it receives from our PRC subsidiaries, the higher 10% withholding tax rate may apply to such dividends.

The EIT Law provides, however, that dividends distributed between qualified resident enterprises are exempted from the withholding tax. According to the Implementation Regulations of the EIT Law, the qualified dividend and profit distribution from equity investment between resident enterprises shall refer to investment income derived by a resident enterprise from its direct investment in other resident enterprises, except the investment income from circulating stocks issued publicly by resident enterprises and traded on stock exchanges where the holding period is less than 12 months. As the term “resident enterprises” needs further clarification and interpretation, we cannot assure you that the dividends distributed by Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi to their direct shareholders would be regarded as dividends distributed between qualified resident enterprises and be exempted from the withholding tax.

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Under the EIT Law and related regulations, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a PRC resident enterprise and is subject to the EIT at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. The related regulations define the term “de facto management bodies” as “establishments that carry out substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc. of an enterprise.” The SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or SAT Circular 82, on April 22, 2009, which was amended in 2013 and 2017 respectively. SAT Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled overseas-incorporated enterprise is located in China. In addition, the SAT issued a bulletin on July 27, 2011, which was amended in June 2015, June 2016 and June 2018, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82 with an effective date to be September 1, 2011. The bulletin provided clarification in the areas of resident status determination, post-determination administration, as well as competent tax authorities. It also specifies that when provided with a copy of a Chinese tax resident determination certificate from a resident Chinese controlled offshore incorporated enterprise, the payer should not withhold 10% income tax when paying the Chinese-sourced dividends, interest, royalties, etc. to the Chinese controlled offshore incorporated enterprise. Although both SAT Circular 82 and the bulletin only apply to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not to those that, like our company, are controlled by PRC individuals, the determination criteria set forth in SAT Circular 82 and administration clarification made in the bulletin may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax residency status of offshore enterprises and the administration measures that should be implemented, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC individuals.

Moreover, under the EIT Law, if we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise and such income is deemed to be sourced from within the PRC, foreign ADS holders may be subject to a 10% withholding tax upon dividends payable by us and gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares.

See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Dividends payable to us by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries may be subject to PRC withholding taxes, or we may be subject to PRC taxation on our worldwide income, and dividends distributed to our investors may be subject to more PRC withholding taxes under the PRC tax law.”

SAFE Regulations on Offshore Investment by PRC Residents and Employee Stock Options

In October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fund-raising and Return Investment Activities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Circular 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. SAFE Circular 75 suspends the implementation of two prior regulations promulgated in January and April of 2005 by the SAFE. On July 4, 2014, SAFE issued the SAFE’s Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents to Engage in Outbound Investment and Financing and Inbound Investment via Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which has superseded SAFE Circular 75. Under SAFE Circular 75, SAFE Circular 37 and other relevant foreign exchange regulations, PRC residents who make, or have previously made, prior to the implementation of these foreign exchange regulations, direct or indirect investments in offshore companies will be required to register those investments. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an offshore company is also required to file or update the registration with the local branch of SAFE, with respect to that offshore company for any material change involving its round-trip investment, capital variation, such as an increase or decrease in capital, transfer or swap of shares, merger, division, long-term equity or debt investment or the creation of any security interest. If any PRC shareholder fails to make the required registration or update the previously filed registration, the PRC subsidiary of that offshore parent company may be prohibited from distributing their profits and the proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to their offshore parent company, and the offshore parent company may also be prohibited from injecting additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various foreign exchange registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.

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In December 2006, the People’s Bank of China promulgated the Administrative Measures of Foreign Exchange Matters for Individuals, or the PBOC Regulation, setting forth the respective requirements for foreign exchange transactions by PRC individuals under either the current account or the capital account. In January 2007, the SAFE issued implementing rules for the PBOC Regulation, which, among other things, specified approval requirements for certain capital account transactions such as a PRC citizen’s participation in the employee stock ownership plans or stock option plans of an overseas publicly-listed company. On February 15, 2012, the SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in an Employee Share Incentive Plan of an Overseas-Listed Company (which replaced the old Circular 78, “Application Procedure of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in an Employee Stock Holding Plan or Stock Option Plan of an Overseas-Listed Company” promulgated on March 28, 2007), or the New Share Incentive Rule. Under the New Share Incentive Rule, PRC citizens who participate in a share incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with SAFE and complete certain other procedures. All such participants need to retain a PRC agent through a PRC subsidiary to register with SAFE and handle foreign exchange matters such as opening accounts and transferring and settlement of the relevant proceeds. The New Share Incentive Rule further requires that an offshore agent should also be designated to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of share options and proceeds transferring for the share incentive plan participants.

We and our PRC employees who have been granted stock options are subject to the New Share Incentive Rule. We are in the process of completing the required registration and the procedures for the New Share Incentive Rule under PRC laws, but the application documents are subject to the review and approval of the SAFE, and we can make no assurance as to when the registration and procedures will be completed. If we or our PRC employees fail to comply with the New Share Incentive Rule, we and/or our PRC employees may face sanctions imposed by the foreign exchange authority or any other PRC government authorities.

In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued a few circulars concerning employee stock options. Under these circulars, our employees working in China who exercise stock options will be subject to PRC individual income tax. Our PRC subsidiaries have obligations to file documents related to employee stock options with relevant tax authorities and withhold individual income taxes of those employees who exercise their stock options. If our employees fail to pay and we fail to withhold their income taxes, we may face sanctions imposed by tax authorities or any other PRC government authorities.

Regulations on Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Data Security Law to regulate data processing activities and security supervision in the PRC, which came into effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law provides for data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities and introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, as well as the degree of harm it will cause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked, or illegally acquired or used. The appropriate level of protection measures is required to be taken for each respective category of data. For example, a processor of important data shall designate the personnel and the management body responsible for data security, carry out risk assessments for its data processing activities and file the risk assessment reports with the competent authorities. In addition, The Data Security Law provides a national security review procedure for those data activities which affect or may affect national security and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information.

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On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law, effective on November 1, 2021, which further detailed the general rules and principles on personal data processing and further increase the potential liability of personal data processor.The Personal Information Protection Law integrates the scattered rules with respect to personal information rights and privacy protection. The Personal Information Protection Law provides the circumstances under which a personal information processor could process personal information, including but not limited to, where the consent of the individual concerned is obtained and where it is necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract to which the individual is a contractual party. It also stipulates certain specific rules with respect to the obligations of a personal information processor, such as to inform the purpose and method of processing to the individuals, and the obligation of the third party who has access to the personal information by way of co-processing or delegation etc. Processors processing personal information exceeding the threshold to be set by the relevant authorities and critical information infrastructure operators are required to store, within the territory of the PRC, the personal information collected and produced within the PRC. Specifically, personal information processors using personal information for automated decision-making shall ensure the transparency of decision-making and the fairness and impartiality of the results and shall not impose unreasonable differential treatment on individuals in terms of pricing and other transaction conditions. The relevant governmental authorities shall organize assessment on mobile apps’ personal information protection and publicize the outcome. The mobile apps that are identified as not in compliance with personal information protection requirements under such law may be required to suspend or terminate the services and the operators may also be subject to penalties including confiscation of illegal revenues and fines. Furthermore, the Personal Information Protection Law also provides for the rights of natural persons whose personal information is processed and takes special care of the personal information of minors under 14 and sensitive personal information. We may be required to make adjustments to our business practices to comply with the personal information protection laws and regulations. In addition, critical information infrastructure operators, or personal information processors whose processing of personal information reaches the threshold amount prescribed by the national cyberspace authority, shall store within the territory of the People’s Republic of China the personal information collected or generated by them within the territory of the People’s Republic of China. Where it is necessary to provide such information to an overseas recipient, a security assessment organized by the national cyberspace authority shall be passed; if a security assessment is not required as provided by law, administrative regulations or the national cyberspace authority, such provision shall prevail. A personal information processor entrusting the processing of personal information to another party shall agree with the entrusted party on the purpose, period, and method of the contracted processing, the type of personal information to be processed, any protection measure to be taken, and the rights and obligations of both parties, etc., and supervise the activities of processing of personal information carried out by the contracted party. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been informed that we are a “critical information infrastructure operator” by any government authority. However, the exact scope of “critical information infrastructure operators” under the current regulatory regime remains unclear, and the PRC government authorities may have wide discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of the applicable laws. Therefore, it is uncertain whether we would be deemed to be a critical information infrastructure operator under PRC laws and regulations. If we are deemed a “critical information infrastructure operator” under PRC laws and regulations, we may be subject to obligations in addition to those with which we are currently obligated to comply.

On July 30, 2021, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure, which became effective on September 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Regulations on Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure, critical information infrastructure shall mean any important network facilities or information systems of the important industry or field such as public communication and information service, energy, transportation, water conservation, finance, public services, e-government affairs and national defense science, which may endanger national security, people’s livelihood and public interest in case of damage, function loss or data leakage. In addition, relevant administration departments of each critical industry and sector, or Protection Departments, shall be responsible to formulate eligibility criteria and determine the critical information infrastructure operator in the respective industry or sector. The operators shall be informed about the final determination as to whether they are categorized as critical information infrastructure operators.

On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, issued the Administrative Regulations of Cyber Data Security (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulations, which provide that data processors conducting the following activities shall apply for cybersecurity review: (1) merger, reorganization or separation of Internet platform operators that have acquired a large number of data resources related to national security, economic development or public interests affects or may affect national security; (2) listing abroad of data processors processing over one million users’ personal information; (3) listing in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security; (4) other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. However, there have been no clarifications from the relevant authorities as of the date of this annual report as to the standards for determining whether an activity is one that “affects or may affect national security” under the Draft Cyber Data Security Regulations.

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December 28, 2021, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of National Security, the Ministry of Finance, the MOFCOM, the People’s Bank of China, the SAMR, the National Radio and Television Administration, the CSRC, the National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the State Cryptography Administration jointly released the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, network platform operators with personal information of over one million users shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review before going to list abroad. The cybersecurity review will evaluate, among others, the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data, or the risk of a large amount of personal information being influenced and controlled or maliciously used by foreign governments after going public, and cyber information security risk.

Regulations on Overseas Listings

On December 24, 2021, the CSRC published the Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Draft Administrative Provisions”) and the Administration Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Draft Filing Measures”). The Draft Administrative Provisions and the Draft Filing Measures lay out requirements for filing and include unified regulation management, strengthening regulatory coordination, and cross-border regulatory cooperation. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”), which have become effective on March 31, 2023. On the same date, the CSRC circulated Supporting Guidance Rules No. 1 through No. 5, Notes on the Trial Measures, Notice on Administration Arrangements for the Filing of Overseas Listings by Domestic Enterprises and relevant CSRC Answers to Reporter Questions, or collectively, the Guidance Rules and Notice, on CSRC’s official website. The Trial Measures, together with the Guidance Rules and Notice reiterate the basic principles of the Draft Administrative Provisions and the Draft Filing Measures and impose substantially the same requirements for the overseas securities offering and listing both directly and indirectly by domestic enterprises, and clarified and emphasized several aspects, which include but are not limited to: (1) criteria to determine whether an applicant will be required to go through the filing procedures under the Trial Measures; (2) exemptions from immediate filing requirements for applicants including those that have already been listed in foreign securities markets, including U.S. markets, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, but these applicants shall still be subject to filing procedures if they conduct refinancing or are involved in other circumstances that require filing with the CSRC; (3) a negative list of types of applicants banned from listing or offering overseas, such as applicants whose affiliates have been recently convicted of bribery and corruption; (4) applicants’ compliance with web security, data security, and other national security laws and regulations; (5) applicants’ filing and reporting obligations, such as obligation to file with the CSRC after it submits an application for initial public offering to overseas regulators, and obligation after offering or listing overseas to file with the CSRC after it completes subsequent offerings and to report to the CSRC material events including change of control or voluntary or forced delisting of the applicant; and (6) the CSRC’s authority to fine both applicants and their relevant shareholders for failure to comply with the Trial Measures, including failure to comply with filing obligations or committing fraud and misrepresentation. Specifically, pursuant to the Trial Measures, our subsequent securities offerings in the same overseas market where we have previously offered and listed shall be filed with the CSRC within three working days after the offering is completed, if at all. As the Trial Measures are newly issued, there remain uncertainties regarding its interpretation and implementation. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the filings for our future offering and fully comply with the relevant new rules on a timely basis, if at all.

Seasonality

Our operating results and operating cash flows historically have been subject to seasonal variations. This pattern may change, however, as a result of new market opportunities or new product introductions.

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C. Organizational Structure

The following diagram illustrates our principal subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries as of March 31, 2023:

(1) AirNet Online is owned as to 80.0%, 15.0% and 5.0% by Man Guo, Qing Xu and Tao Hong, respectively.

(2) In December 2016, AirNet Online and an individual concurrently entered into an equity transfer agreement and an entrusted equity holding agreement, pursuant to which AirNet Online transferred 100% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to such individual and entrusted such individual to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests.

In December 2017, such individual entered into an equity transfer agreement with a third-party company, pursuant to which such individual transferred 15% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to the third-party company, and AirNet Online entered into another entrusted equity holding agreement with such third-party company, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted such third-party company to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests. This entrusted equity holding agreement would terminate upon the earlier of either (1) three years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (2) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

In September 2019, the said individual also entered into an equity transfer agreement with another individual, pursuant to which the said individual transferred 85% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to the other individual, and AirNet Online signed another entrusted equity holding agreement with the other individual, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted the other individual to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interest. This entrusted equity holding agreement would terminate upon the earlier of either (1) one years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (2) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

In September 2020, Beijing Yuehang entered into a capital increase agreement with another third-party company, pursuant to which the other third-party company subscribe 1.6103% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang.

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In August 2021, the said individual again entered into an equity transfer agreement with an individual, pursuant to which the said individual transferred 5.0002% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to such individual, and AirNet Online as well entered into another entrusted equity holding agreement with such individual, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted such individual to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interest. This entrusted equity holding agreement would terminate upon the earlier of either (1) two years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (2) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

Therefore, AirNet Online as the actual major investor in Beijing Yuehang holds actual controlling shareholder rights and receive benefits from the investment in Beijing Yuehang.

(3) Iwangfan is owned as to 90.0% and 10.0% by Man Guo and Lin Wang, respectively. Tao Hong divested all his equity interests in Iwangfan in December 2021. AirNet Online entered into an entrusted equity holding agreement with Lin Wang, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted Lin Wang to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests. This entrusted equity holding agreement would terminate upon the earlier of either (1) two years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (2) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

(4) Linghang Shengshi is owned as to 86.9193%, 12.9954% and 0.0852% by Man Guo, Qing Xu and Xiao Ya Zhang, respectively.

Substantially all of our operations are conducted through contractual arrangements with the VIEs in China, namely Linghang Shengshi, Iwangfan and AirNet Online. We do not have any equity interests in the VIEs, but instead enjoy the economic benefits derived from them through a series of contractual arrangements. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Contractual Arrangements” for a description of these arrangements.

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

As of December 31, 2022, our headquarters were located in Beijing, China. As of the same date, our branch offices leased approximately 358 square meters of office space in two other locations in China.

In addition, we owned approximately 2,109 square meters of office space in China as of December 31, 2022. In September 2014 and April 2015, we entered into the agreements to purchase an office space of approximately 2,109 square meters in Beijing for a total consideration of RMB65 million.

To accommodate our increasing scale of operations in the United States, we entered into a lease agreement for a term of three years, pursuant to which we agreed to lease approximately four acres of land including approximately 22,603 square feet of office space in Houston, Texas.

ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements. See “Forward-looking Information.” Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements because of various factors, including those set forth under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” or in other parts of this annual report.

A. Operating Results

Important Factors Affecting the Results of Operations of Our Air Travel Media Network Business

The operating results of our air travel media network are substantially affected by the following factors and trends.

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Demand for Our Advertising Time Slots and Locations

The demand for our advertising time slots and locations for each of the last three fiscal years was directly related to our customers’ available advertising budgets and the attractiveness of our network to our customers. Our network’s attractiveness is largely affected by the coverage of our network, which in turn depends on the number of intended audience that our network has the ability to reach. The number of intended audience of our air travel media network we can reach is largely affected by the number of air travelers in China in generally and the scale of our network. The demand for air travel is in turn affected by general economic conditions, the affordability of air travel in China and certain special events that may attract air travelers into and within China. Our customers’ advertising spending was also particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. The demand for our time slots and locations on airline is related to the amount of our customers’ advertising spending budget and the attractiveness of our services as a platform across major airlines for their advertisements. The amount of available advertising budget is largely affected by the general economic conditions in China. The attractiveness of our services as an advertising platform across major airlines depends on whether our service has the ability to reach the advertisers’ intended audience, which will in turn be affected by factors including the number and types of travelers who will use our service and whether advertisements on our platform can effectively attract the attention of such travelers.

Number of Our Advertising Time Slots and Locations Available for Sale

The number of time slots available for our digital TV screens on airplanes during a period is calculated by multiplying the time slots per month for a given airline by the number of months during that period when we had operations on such airline and then calculating the sum of all the time slots for each of our network airlines.

Pricing

The average selling price for our advertising time slots is generally calculated by dividing our advertising revenues from these time slots by the number of 30-second equivalent advertising time slots for digital TV screens on airplanes sold during that period. The primary factors that affect the effective price we charge advertisers for time slots and locations on our network and our utilization rate include the attractiveness of our network to advertisers, which depends on the number of displays and locations, the number and scale of airplanes in our network, the level of demand for time slots and locations, and the perceived effectiveness by advertisers of their advertising campaigns placed on our network. We may increase the selling prices of our advertising time slots and locations from time to time depending on the demand for our advertising time slots, spaces and locations.

A significant percentage of the programs played on our digital TV screens on airplanes included non-advertising content such as TV programs or public service announcements. We also generated revenues from non-advertising content obtained from third party content providers by providing to airlines. We believe that the combination of non-advertising content with advertising content makes people more receptive to our programs, which in turn makes the advertising content more effective for our advertisers. We believe such approach allows us to charge a higher price for each advertising time slot. We closely track the program blend and advertiser demand to optimize our ability to generate revenues for each program cycle.

Utilization Rate

The utilization rate of our advertising time slots is the total time slots sold as a percentage of total time slots available during the relevant period. In order to provide meaningful comparisons of the utilization rate of our advertising time slots, we generally normalize our time slots into 30-second units for digital TV screens on airplanes, which we can then compare across network airlines and periods to chart the normalized utilization rate of our network by airlines over time. Our overall utilization rate was primarily affected by the demand for our advertising time slots and locations and our ability to increase the sales of our advertising time slots and locations.

Network Coverage and Concession Fees

The demand for our advertising time slots and locations and the effective price we charged advertisers for time slots and locations on our network depended on the attractiveness and effectiveness of our network as viewed by our advertisers which, in turn, related to the breadth of our network coverage, including significant coverage on major airlines that advertisers wish to reach. As a result, it has been, and will continue to be, important for us to secure and retain concession rights contracts to place our programs on major airlines and to increase the number of programs we place on those airlines. It is also important to our results of operations of our advertising business that we secure and retain these concession rights contracts on commercially advantageous terms.

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Concession fees constituted a significant portion of our cost of revenues. Concession fees tend to increase over time, and a significant increase in concession fees will increase our cost while our revenues may not increase proportionately, or at all. Therefore, it will be important to our results of operations that we secure and retain these concession rights contracts on commercially advantageous terms.

Important Factors Affecting the Results of Operations of Our Cryptocurrency Mining Business

The value of cryptocurrencies is determined by market factors, supply of and demand for the units, the prices being set in transfers by mutual agreement or barter among transacting parties, as well as the number of merchants that may accept the cryptocurrency. Units of cryptocurrency can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Coinbase and various other exchanges. Cryptocurrency prices are quoted on various exchanges and fluctuate with extreme volatility.

To mine cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, specialized computer servers (known as “miners”) need to be acquired and deployed at-scale to support blockchain in exchange of rewards in the form of cryptocurrencies. Given the sophistications as well as quantity on demand, the miners can only be built by a few manufacturers with required technological specialties and manufacturing capabilities. Hence, miners are continuously in short supplies and a premium over the listed retail price is required to secure a purchase of miners in significant quantities.

Recent Developments

We plan to restructure our business in 2023 by selling our air travel media network business to Mr. Man Guo, our chairman and interim chief financial officer, and will then primarily focus on cryptocurrency mining business. Such restructuring plan has not been considered or approved by our board of directors as of the date of this annual report.

Revenues

We mainly generate revenues from (1) the sale of advertising time slots and locations on our advertising network and (2) our cryptocurrency mining business.

	Fiscal Years Ended December 31,
	2020				2021				2022
			% of				% of			% of
			Total				Total			Total
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues		Amount	Revenues
		(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages)
Air travel media network	$	23,474	99.7	%	$	9,191	77.9	%	2,768	93.2	%
Cryptocurrency mining		—	—			2,604	22.1		—	—	%
Other media		72	0.3	%		1	0.0	%	201	6.8	%
Total revenues		23,546	100.0	%		11,796	100.0	%	2,969	100.0	%
Business tax and other sales tax		(112)	(0.5)	%		(119)	(1.0)	%	(101)	(3.4)	%
Net revenues	$	23,434	99.5	%	$	11,677	99.0	%	2,868	96.6	%

Revenues

Our air travel media network revenues from operations in 2020, 2021 and 2022 mainly consisted of revenues from advertising and programming on digital TV screens on airplanes and other revenues in air travel.

Revenues from our air travel media network accounted for 99.7%, 77.9% and 93.2% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, our network consisted of six, five and five airlines, respectively.

We started our cryptocurrency mining operations in 2021. Revenue from cryptocurrency mining accounted for 22.1% for 2021. In 2022, there was no revenue generated from cryptocurrency mining, as we were in the process of transferring the cryptocurrency mining business to U.S. in the same year.

Revenues from other media were primarily revenues from our trains Wi-Fi advertising promotion, public account promotion, long-haul buses Wi-Fi advertising. Starting from early 2018, we gradually ceased our operations of Wi-Fi service on long-haul buses, and scaled down operations in providing Wi-Fi services on trains, which was then ceased in 2019.

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The most significant factors that directly or indirectly affect our revenues include the following:

● our ability to retain existing advertisers and attract new advertisers;

● our ability to retain existing concession rights to operate digital TV screens on airplanes and to add additional airlines to our network;

● the demand in general for air travel media network;

● the state of the PRC and global economy; and

● unique industry risks associated with our cryptocurrency mining business, which are outside of our control and may have material adverse effects on our business, including, among others: risks associated with the need for significant amounts of low-cost and reliable electricity; our need for consistent, high-speed, and highly secure internet connectivity; intense competition for new miners and the necessary infrastructure to support industrial-scale cryptocurrency mining operations; cybersecurity risks; network hash rate and difficulty; and competition for a fixed supply of cryptocurrency.

Business Tax, Value-added Tax and Other Sales Related Tax

Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to value-added tax at a rate of 6% on revenues from advertising services and paid after deducting input value-added tax, or VAT, on purchases. The net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is reflected in the account under input VAT receivable or other taxes payable. Our gross revenue is presented net of the VAT.

Pursuant to the Circular on Adjustment of Governmental Funds by the Ministry of Finance of China on April 22, 2019, which became effective on July 1, 2019, the construction fee for cultural undertakings attributed to the central government has reduced by 50%, and the construction fee for cultural undertakings attributed to regional government has reduced by a percentage within the limits of 50%.

Cost of Revenues

In 2020, 2021 and 2022, our cost of revenues consisted primarily of concession fees, cryptocurrency mining cost, and agency fees and advertisement publishing fees. Other costs include equipment depreciation costs, operating costs and non-advertising content costs. The following table sets forth the major components of our cost of revenues, both in amounts and as percentages of net revenues for the periods indicated.

	Fiscal Years Ended December 31,
	2020				2021				2022
	Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount		%
	(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except percentages)
Net revenues	$	23,434	100.0	%	$	11,677	100.0	%	$	2,868	100.0	%
Cost of revenues
Concession fees		(10,752)	(45.9)	%		(7,297)	(62.5)	%		(804)	(28.0)	%
Cryptocurrency mining cost		—	—			(2,879)	(24.7)			(2,677)	93.3	%
Agency fees and advertisement publishing fees		(5,225)	(22.3)	%		(1,815)	(15.5)	%		(179)	(6.2)	%
Non-deductible input VAT that generated in prior years		(1,318)	(5.6)	%		(521)	(4.5)	%		(27)	(0.9)	%
Others		(2,293)	(9.8)	%		(2,263)	(19.4)	%		(1,536)	(53.6)	%
Total cost of revenues	$	(19,588)	(83.6)	%	$	(14,775)	(126.5)	%	$	(5,223)	(182.1)	%

Concession Fees

We incur concession fees to airlines for placing our programs on their digital TV screens. This type of fee constitutes a significant portion of our cost of revenues. Most of the concession fees paid to airlines were fixed under the relevant concession rights contracts with escalation clauses, pursuant to which the required fixed fee increases over each year during the relevant contract period, and payments for such fee are generally due three or six months in advance. We recognized concession fees of $10.8 million, $7.3 million and $0.8 million in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

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Cryptocurrency Mining Cost

The cryptocurrency mining cost mainly represents the depreciation cost of the computer servers specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies.

Agency Fees and Advertisement Publishing Fees

We engaged third-party advertising agencies to help source advertisers from time to time or to help advertise publishing. These agencies assisted us in identifying and introducing potential advertisers to us or help us to publish advertisement. We paid fees to such agencies if they generated advertising revenues or published advertisement for us. Fees that we paid to these third-party agencies were calculated based on a pre-set percentage of revenues generated from the advertisers by the third-party agencies and were paid when payments were received from the advertisers. We recorded these agency fees and advertisement publishing fees as cost of revenues ratably over the period in which the related advertisements were displayed.

Non-deductible input VAT that generated in prior years

We recognized the certified and estimated input VAT as asset. We written off the estimated input VAT and recognized a cost of non-deductible input VAT that was generated in prior years of $1.3 million, $0.5 million and $0.03 million for 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. In 2018, we ceased operation in gas station media network and on long-haul bus Wi-Fi, and planned to dispose the assets related to these businesses. The input VAT was expected to be used to deduct the output VAT of assets disposal. However, in 2019, only a small part of the related assets has been discarded instead of disposal, and for the remaining, we estimated that these assets would not be disposed in the future, and no such output VAT would be generated. Apart from that, the entities with relevant business were not expected to generate enough revenue of which the output VAT could cover the balance of input VAT. As a result, we wrote off $11.0 million of the input VAT that was estimated to be used from the sale of assets or generation of revenue in 2019 in the year ended December 31, 2019. From 2020 to 2022, the economy was adversely affected by COVID-19 and we determined that the possibility of receiving invoices to offset the remaining estimated input VAT was remote. Therefore, we wrote off the remaining balance of $0.5 million and $0.03 million as cost in the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Others

Other cost of revenues includes the following:

● Equipment Depreciation. Generally, we capitalized the cost of our airline related equipment, digital TV screens, light boxes and recognized depreciation costs on a straight-line basis over the term of their useful lives, which we estimate to be five years. The primary factors affecting our depreciation costs were the number of digital TV screens, as well as the remaining useful life of the equipment.

● Equipment Maintenance Cost. Our maintenance cost consisted of salaries for our network maintenance staff, travel expenses in relation to on-site visits and monitoring and costs for materials and maintenance in connection with the upkeep of our media network. The primary factor affecting our equipment maintenance cost was the size of our network maintenance staff.

● Non-advertising Content Cost. The programs on the majority of our digital TV screens combine advertising content with non-advertising content, such as comedy clips, movie and TV series. Our in-flight programs typically range from approximately 45 to 120 minutes per flight, approximately 40 to 45 minutes of which consist of non-advertising content. The majority of the non-advertising content broadcast on our network was provided by third-party content providers such as various local television stations and television production companies. We pay a fixed price for some content.

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Operating Expenses

In 2020, 2021 and 2022, our operating expenses consisted of general and administrative expenses, selling and marketing expenses and research and development expenses. The following table sets forth the three components of our operating expenses, and as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.

	Fiscal Years Ended December 31,
	2020				2021				2022
	Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount		%
	(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except percentages)
Net revenues	$	23,434	100.0	%	$	11,677	100.0	%	$	2,868	100.0	%
Operating expenses
General and administrative expenses		(9,807)	(41.8)	%		(8,533)	(73.1)	%		(5,752)	(200.6)	%
Selling and marketing expenses		(2,533)	(10.8)	%		(1,978)	(16.9)	%		(1,411)	(49.2)	%
Research and development expenses		(724)	(3.1)	%		(365)	(3.1)	%		(35)	(1.2)	%
Impairment loss		—	—			—	—			(4,526)	(157.8)	%
Total operating expenses	$	(13,064)	(55.7)	%	$	(10,876)	(93.1)	%		(11,724)	(408.8)	%

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of office and utility expenses, salaries and benefits for general management, finance and administrative personnel, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation of office equipment, public relations related expenses and other administration related expenses.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of salaries and benefits for our sales and marketing personnel, office and utility expenses related to our selling and marketing activities, travel expenses incurred by our sales personnel, expenses for the promotion, advertisement, and other sales and marketing related expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses consisted primarily of salaries and benefits for our research and development personnel, office and utility expenses related to our research and development activities, travel expenses incurred by our research and development personnel and other research and development related expenses.

Taxation

Cayman Islands

We are an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our ordinary shares and ADSs will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our ordinary shares or ADSs, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our ordinary shares or ADSs be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a share.

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British Virgin Islands

We and all dividends, interest, rents, royalties, compensation and other amounts paid by us to persons who are not resident in the BVI and any capital gains realized with respect to any shares, debt obligations, or other securities of us by persons who are not resident in the BVI are exempt from all provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance in the BVI.

No estate, inheritance, succession or gift tax, rate, duty, levy or other charge is payable by persons who are not resident in the BVI with respect to any shares, debt obligation or other securities of us.

All instruments relating to transfers of property to or by us and all instruments relating to transactions in respect of the shares, debt obligations or other securities of us and all instruments relating to other transactions relating to our business are exempt from payment of stamp duty in the BVI. This assumes that we do not hold an interest in real estate in the BVI.

There are currently no withholding taxes or exchange control regulations in the BVI applicable to us or our members.

Hong Kong

Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, from the year of assessment 2018/2019 onwards, the subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to profits tax at the rate of 8.25% on assessable profits up to HK$2.0 million; and 16.5% on any part of assessable profits over HK$2.0 million. Under the Hong Kong tax laws, we are exempted from the Hong Kong income tax on our foreign-derived income. In addition, payments of dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiary to us are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax was made as we had no estimated assessable profit that was subject to Hong Kong profits tax during 2018, while a small profit was accrued during 2021 and 2022.

Singapore

In Singapore, startups (where any of the first 3 years falls in or after 2020) are allowed to claim a 75% tax exemption on the first S$100,000 of qualifying expenses for the first three years falls in 2020 onwards, 50% tax exemption on the next S$100,000 of normal chargeable income for which they are to be taxed. Any further income earned is taxed at the usual corporate tax rate of 17%. No provision for Singapore corporate tax was made as we had no estimated assessable profit that was subject to Singapore corporate tax in 2021 and 2022.

PRC

Effective as of January 1, 2008 and revised on December 29, 2018, the EIT Law applies a uniform EIT rate of 25% to all domestic enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises and defines new tax incentives for qualified entities. Under the EIT Law, entities that qualify as HNTE are entitled to the preferential income tax rate of 15%. A company’s status as a HNTE is valid for three years, after which the company must re-apply for such qualification in order to continue to enjoy the preferential income tax rate.

Chuangyi Technology is subject to EIT at a rate of 25% from 2018 afterwards.

Xi’an Shengshi is subject to EIT at a rate of 25% from 2017 afterwards.

Shenzhen Yuehang is subject to EIT at a rate of 25% from 2013 afterwards.

Linghang qualified for the HNTE at the end of 2017 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15% until December 26, 2020, and is entitled to an EIT rate of 25% afterwards.

Air Esurfing qualified for the HNTE in 2018 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15% until September 10, 2021, and is entitled to an EIT rate of 25% afterwards.

Furthermore, under the EIT Law, a “resident enterprise,” which includes an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” located in China, is subject to PRC income tax. The SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, i.e. SAT Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. SAT Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled overseas-incorporated enterprise is located in China.

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In addition, the SAT issued a bulletin on July 27, 2011 to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82 with an effective date of September 1, 2011. The bulletin made clarification in the areas of resident status determination, post-determination administration, as well as competent tax authorities. It also specifies that when provided with a copy of the Chinese tax resident determination certificate from a resident Chinese controlled offshore incorporated enterprise, the payer should not withhold 10% income tax when paying the Chinese-sourced dividends, interest, royalties, etc. to the Chinese controlled offshore incorporated enterprise. Although both SAT Circular 82 and the bulletin only apply to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not to those that, like our company, are controlled by PRC individuals, the determination criteria set forth in SAT Circular 82 and administration clarification made in the bulletin may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax residency status of offshore enterprises and the administration measures should be implemented, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC individuals.

We do not believe we and our subsidiaries established outside of the PRC are PRC resident enterprises. However, if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we and our subsidiaries established outside of China should be deemed as a resident enterprise, we and our subsidiaries established outside of China will be subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 25%. In addition, under the EIT law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign investors who are non-resident enterprises are subject to 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The BVI, where Broad Cosmos and Air Net International, our wholly owned subsidiaries, are incorporated, do not have such a tax treaty with China. Air Net (China) Limited, the 100% shareholder of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang and Xi’an Shengshi, is incorporated in Hong Kong. According to the Mainland and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Arrangement on Avoiding Double Taxation or Evasion of Taxation on Income agreed between China and Hong Kong in August 2006, dividends paid by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its direct holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 5% (if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the foreign-invested enterprise). However, if the Hong Kong company is not considered to be the beneficial owner of dividends paid to it by its PRC subsidiaries under a tax notice promulgated on October 27, 2009 and the bulletin No.30 of 2012, such dividends would be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Dividends payable to us by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries may be subject to PRC withholding taxes, or we may be subject to PRC taxation on our worldwide income, and dividends distributed to our investors may be subject to more PRC withholding taxes under the PRC tax law.”

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Our Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements, including the related notes that appear elsewhere in this annual report. We do not believe our historical consolidated results of operations are indicative of our results of operations you may expect for any future period.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
	(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except
	share, per share and per ADS data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Revenues:
Air Travel Media Network		23,474		9,191		2,768
Cryptocurrency Mining Cost		—		2,604		—
Other Media		72		1		201
Total revenues		23,546		11,796		2,969
Business tax and other sales tax		(112)		(119)		(101)
Net revenues		23,434		11,677		2,868
Cost of revenues		(19,588)		(14,775)		(5,223)
Gross income (loss)		3,846		(3,098)		(2,355)
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		(2,533)		(1,978)		(1,411)
General and administrative		(9,807)		(8,533)		(5,752)
Research and development		(724)		(365)		(35)
Impairment of fixed assets		—		—		(4,526)
Total operating expenses		(13,064)		(10,876)		(11,724)
Loss from operations		(9,218)		(13,974)		(14,079)
Interest expense, net		(742)		(1,120)		(911)
Loss from and impairment on long-term investments		(2,947)		(2,990)		(2,670)
Other income, net		9,120		581		5,366
Loss from operations before income taxes		(3,787)		(17,503)		(12,294)
Less: income tax (benefits) expenses		(10,235)		284		17
Net income (loss)		6,448		(17,787)		(12,311)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,079)		(452)		1,024
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.’s shareholders	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)

Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021

Net Revenues. Our net revenues decreased by 75.4% from $11.7 million in 2021 to $2.9 million in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the business slowdown of our air travel media network and cryptocurrency mining.

Revenues from air travel media network: Revenues from air travel media network decreased by 69.9% from $9.2 million in 2021 to $2.8 million in 2022. Among our revenues from air travel media network, revenues from digital TV screens on airplanes were $7.5 million and $1.8 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in revenues from digital TV screens on airplanes was mainly resulted from the business slowdown caused by the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Revenues from cryptocurrency mining: There was no revenue generated cryptocurrency mining in 2022, as we were in the process of transferring the cryptocurrency mining business to U.S. in the same year.

Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues decreased by 64.6% from $14.8 million in 2021 to $6.8 million in 2022. Our cost of revenues as a percentage of our net revenues increased from 126.5% in 2021 to 182.1% in 2022. Such increase was mainly due to the severe decrease of our revenue, which could not offset the necessary cost for inputs.

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Concession fees decreased by 89.0% from $7.3 million in 2021 to $0.8 million in 2022, and concession fees as a percentage of net revenues decreased from 62.5% in 2021 to 28.0% in 2022, primarily due to the business slowdown of air travel media network caused by the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Agency fees and advertisement publishing fees decreased by 90.1% from $1.8 million in 2021 to $0.2 million in 2022, primarily due to the expenditures cut down for operation that corresponds to the decrease of our revenue.

Cryptocurrency mining costs decreased by 7.0% from $2.9 million in 2021 to $2.7 million in 2022, remained relatively stable.

Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses increased by 7.8% from $10.9 million in 2021 to $11.3 million in 2022.

● Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses decreased by 28.7% from $2.0 million in 2021 to $1.4 million in 2022. The decrease in our selling and marketing expenses in 2022 was primarily due to the decrease of staff expenses of $0.3 million and advertising expenses of $0.3 million.

● General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses decreased by 32.6% from $8.5 million in 2021 to $5.8 million in 2022. The decrease in our general and administrative expenses in 2022 was primarily due to a decrease of staff expenses of $1.3 million, a decrease of office expenses of 0.6 million and a decrease of management fee for cryptocurrency mining of $0.4 million.

● Research and Development Expenses. Our research and development expenses decreased by 90.4% from $0.4 million in 2021 to $0.04 million in 2022. The decrease in our research and development expenses in 2022 was primarily due to less investment in research activities.

● Impairment of fixed assets. Our impairment of fixed assets and crptocurrencies increased from $nil in 2021 to $4.5 million in 2022. The increase was mainly due to the provision of the impairment for the cryptocurrency mining computer servers in 2022.

Loss from Operations. We recorded a loss from operations of $14.1 million in 2022, as compared to a loss from operations of $14.0 million in 2021, as a cumulative result of the above factors.

Other income, net. Other income, net increased from an expense of $3.5 million in 2021 to an income of $1.8 million in 2022, primarily because a collection of legal compensation.

Income tax expenses (benefits). We incurred income tax expense of $0.02 million for 2022.

Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020

Net Revenues. Our net revenues decreased by 50.0% to $11.7 million in 2021 from $23.4 million in 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the reduced flights and decreased demand in our advertising and media services as a result of the persisted impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Revenues from air travel media network: Revenues from air travel media network decreased by 60.8% from $23.5 million in 2020 to $9.2 million in 2021. Among our revenues from air travel media network, revenues from digital TV screens on airplanes were $21.6 million and $7.5 million in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in revenues from digital TV screens on airplanes was mainly resulted from reduced flights and decreased demand and sales of our services of airline advertising and TV programing amid the persisted impact of the outbreak of COVID-19. The airlines that we cooperated with also decreased.

Revenues from cryptocurrency mining: We have started to generate revenue from cryptocurrency mining in 2021 and recognized related revenue of $2.6 million for the same year.

Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues decreased by 24.6% to $14.8 million in 2021 from $19.6 million in 2020. Our cost of revenues as a percentage of our net revenues increased to 126.5% in 2021 from 83.6% in 2020. This increase was mainly due to the less services provided from air travel media network which is consistent with the decrease trend of the revenues. Cost of non-deductible input VAT that generated in prior years were $1.3 million and $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

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Concession fees decreased by 32.1% to $7.3 million in 2021 from $10.8 million in 2020, and concession fees as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 62.5% in 2021 from 45.9% in 2020, mainly due to that according to the less demand for our digital and media services we prudently reduce our input and the amount of concession contracts signed. Agency fees and advertisement publishing fees decreased by 65.3% to $1.8 million in 2021 from $5.2 million in 2020 mainly due to decreasing demand for advertising publishing under the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Cryptocurrency mining costs accounted for 24.7% of total cost of revenue and it mainly represents the depreciation cost of the computer servers specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies.

Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses decreased by 16.8% to $10.9 million in 2021 from $13.1 million in 2020.

● Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses decreased by 21.9% to $2.0 million in 2021 from $2.5 million in 2020. Our selling and marketing expenses mainly consisted of $1.7 million and $1.5 million staff expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The selling expense decreased primarily due to the decrease of staff expenses and other marketing activities of $0.2 million.

● General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses decreased by 13.0% to $8.5 million in 2021 from $9.8 million in 2020. The staff expenses decreased from $4.4 million in 2020 to $3.4 million in 2021, because we optimized our employee structure to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.

● Research and Development Expenses. Our research and development expenses decreased by 49.6% to $0.4 million in 2021 from $0.7 million in 2020. This decrease was mainly due to the decrease of the number of research staffs and salaries.

Loss from Operations. We recorded a loss from operations of $14.0 million in 2021, as compared to a loss from operations of $9.2 million in 2020, as a cumulative result of the above factors.

Other income, net. Other income, net decreased to $0.6 million in 2021 from $9.1 million in 2020, mainly because we recorded income from disposing of these subsidiaries of $9.0 million in 2020.

Income tax expenses (benefits). We incurred income tax expense of $0.3 million for 2021. We recognized income tax benefits of $10.2 million in 2020, primarily due to the reversal of an uncertain tax position of $11.1 million as a result of the expiration of statute of limitations as of December 31, 2020.

Share-based Compensation

2012 Share incentive plan

In 2012, we adopted the 2012 Share Incentive Plan, or the Plan, which provides for 6,000,000 ordinary shares options to be granted to employees and directors. Share options under this Plan may vest over a service period, performance condition or market condition, as specified in each award. Share options expire 5 years from the grant date. The plan is matured in 2022 and has been extended to 2024.

The fair value of each option granted was estimated on the date of grant/modification using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

We recorded share-based compensation of $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.06 million for 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Inflation

Historically inflation has not had a significant effect on our business. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the year-over-year percent changes in the consumer price index for December 2020, 2021 and 2022 was increase of 2.5%, 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively.

We can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by potentially higher rates of inflation in China. For example, certain operating costs and expenses, such as employee compensation and office operating expenses, may increase as a result of higher inflation. Additionally, because a substantial portion of our assets consists of cash and cash equivalent, high inflation could significantly reduce the value and purchasing power of these assets. We are not able to hedge our exposure to higher inflation in China.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Item. 17 of Part III, “Financial Statements—Note 2—Summary of significant accounting policies-Recent issued accounting standard.”

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through internally generated cash, the sale of preferred shares in private placements and the proceeds we received from our initial public offering.

We incurred losses from operations of $9.2 million, $14.0 million and $13.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $314.8 million and a working capital deficiency of $29.3 million. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the date of this annual report through business restructuring plan. We plan to restructure our business by selling air travel media network business to our chairman and interim chief financial officer, Mr. Man Guo, and then focus on cryptocurrency mining. As a result, our management prepared the consolidated financial statements assuming our company will continue as a going concern. As described above, we have a significant working capital deficiency, have incurred significant losses and have generated negative cash flows from operations. We need to raise additional funds to meet our obligations and sustain our operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described above. However, there is no assurance that the measures above can be achieved as planned. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We generally deposit our excess cash in interest-bearing bank accounts. Although we consolidate the results of the VIEs in our consolidated financial statements, we can only receive cash payments from them pursuant to our contractual arrangements with them and their shareholders. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” Our principal uses of cash primarily include contractual concession fees and other investments and, to a lesser extent, salaries and benefits for our employees and other operating expenses. We expect that these will remain our principal uses of cash in the foreseeable future. We may also use additional cash to fund strategic acquisitions.

Cash Flow

The following table sets forth our cash flows with respect to operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020	2021	2022
	(in thousands of U.S. Dollars)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(5,555)	(4,975)	752
Net cash provided by investing activities	352	—	—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	19,164	(9,433)	1,212
Effect of exchange rate changes	690	367	(833)
Net increase (decrease)in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	14,651	(14,041)	1,131
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year	959	15,610	1,569
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year	15,610	1,569	2,700

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to (1) a net loss of 12.3 million adjusted by non-cash adjustments mainly including impairment of equipment of $4.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $2.8 million and loss on long-term investment of $2.7 million; (2) an increase of deferred revenue of $4.3 million; (3) a decrease of accounts receivable of $0.7 million, which was offset by (i) a decrease in accounts payable of $2.6 million and (ii) a decrease of current asset of $0.6 million.

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Net cash used in operating activities was $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to (1) a net loss of $17.8 million adjusted by non-cash adjustments mainly including depreciation and amortization of $4.0 million, loss on long-term investment of $3.0 million and write off of non-deductible input VAT that generate in prior years of $0.5 million; (2) a decrease in accounts payable of $3.8 million and was partially offset by a decrease of accounts receivable of $7.9 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to (1) a net income of $6.4 million adjusted by non-cash adjustments including income tax benefit due to reverse of an uncertain tax position of $11.1 million, other income on the disposal subsidiaries of $9.0 million, loss on long-term investment of $2.9 million, depreciation and amortization of $1.3 million and write off of non-deductible input VAT of $1.3 million; (2) an increase in income tax payable of $1.4 million and an increase in accounts payable of $1.1 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $1.7 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was nil for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Net cash provided by investing activities was nil for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 due to proceeds from the disposal of subsidiaries of $0.4 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, mainly consisting of (1) cash received from short-term bank loans of $10.8 million; (2) cash received of short-term loans from third parties of $2.4 million; (3) cash received from short-term loans from related parties of $1.1 million and was offset by (i) cash repaid for short-term bank loans of $11.9 million; (ii) loans provided to related parties of $0.6 million and (iii) cash repaid of short-term loan to a third party of $0.5 million.

Net cash used in financing activities amounted to $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly consisting of cash repaid for third-party of $18.2 million, cash repaid for loans of $9.4 million, which was offset by cash received from short-term loans of $18.9 million and cash received from third shareholders of $0.7 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, mainly consisting of cash financed from the two third parties of $14.5 million, cash received from short-term loan of $5.2 million and proceeds from non-controlling shareholder of $1.4 million, partially offset by cash repaid for loan due to related parties of $1.8 million.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures were made primarily to purchase equipment for our network, our development in technology of computer servers for cryptocurrency mining.

Our capital expenditures were $0.1 million, nil and nil in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. In 2021, instead of cash payment, we issued shares for purchase of computer servers for our cryptocurrency business.

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Contractual Obligations

We have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our offices in China. These leases expire through 2023 and are renewable upon negotiation. In addition, the contract terms of our concession rights contracts are usually three to five years. Most of these concession rights expired through 2022 and are renewable upon negotiation. The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2022:

	Payments Due by Period
			Less than						More than
	Total		1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		5 years
	(in thousands of U.S. Dollars)
Operating lease agreements	$	27	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	27	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholder’s equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.

Intra-Company Transfers

Transfers of cash between our PRC operating subsidiaries and our non-PRC entities are regulated by certain PRC laws. For a description of these laws and the effect that they may have on our ability to meet cash obligations, please refer to “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Dividends payable to us by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries may be subject to PRC withholding taxes, or we may be subject to PRC taxation on our worldwide income, and dividends distributed to our investors may be subject to more PRC withholding taxes under PRC tax law,” “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Corporate Structure—We may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our wholly-owned operating subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business,” “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenues or financing effectively,” “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents and registration requirements for employee stock ownership plans or share option plans may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or the plan participants to personal liability, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us,” “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulations on Dividend Distribution,” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—SAFE Regulations on Offshore Investment by PRC Residents and Employee Stock Options.” None of these regulations have had a material effect on our ability to meet our cash obligations.

Holding Company Structure

We are a holding company with no material operations of our own. We conduct our operations through our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities in China. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our subsidiaries and cash payments from the consolidated affiliated entities in China. If our existing PRC subsidiaries or the consolidated affiliated entities or any newly formed ones incur any debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debts may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make cash payments to us.

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In addition, our subsidiaries in China are permitted to pay dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprise as promulgated by the Ministry of Finance, or PRC GAAP. Under PRC law, each of our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory surplus reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. In addition, our subsidiaries in China may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC GAAP to enterprise expansion funds as well as staff bonus and welfare funds at its discretion, and the consolidated affiliated entities may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC GAAP to a discretionary surplus fund at its discretion. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the statutory reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends.

As an offshore holding company, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding from the proceeds of our offshore fundraising activities to our PRC subsidiary only through loans or capital contributions, and to the consolidated affiliated entities only through loans, in each case subject to the satisfaction of the applicable government registration and approval requirements. As a result, there is uncertainty with respect to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities in China when needed.

Financial Information Related to the VIEs

The following tables present the consolidating schedule of financial information relating to AirNet Technology Inc., or the Parent, consolidated affiliated entities and non-VIE consolidated entities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

Selected consolidated statements of operations data

	Year ended December 31, 2020
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net revenues	—	23,434	—	—	23,434
Cost of revenues	—	19,588	—	—	19,588
Gross profit	—	3,846	—	—	3,846
Operating expenses	250	12,726	88	—	13,064
Operating loss	(250)	(8,880)	(88)	—	(9,218)
Other income (expense)	(32)	6,317	(854)	—	5,431
Income from subsidiaries	7,809	—	—	(7,809)	—
Income (loss) before income taxes	7,527	(2,563)	(942)	(7,809)	(3,787)
Net income (loss)	7,527	7,672	(942)	(7,809)	6,448

	Year ended December 31, 2021
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net revenues	—	9,075	2,602	—	11,677
Cost of revenues	—	12,653	2,122	—	14,775
Gross (loss) profit	—	(3,578)	480	—	(3,098)
Operating expenses	566	8,173	2,137	—	10,876
Operating loss	(566)	(11,751)	(1,657)	—	(13,974)
Other (expense) income	(11)	(3,691)	173	—	(3,529)
Loss from subsidiaries	(16,758)	—	—	16,758	—
Loss before income taxes	(17,335)	(15,442)	(1,484)	16,758	(17,503)
Net (loss) income	(17,335)	(15,726)	(1,484)	16,758	(17,787)

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	Year ended December 31, 2022
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net revenues	—	2,867	1	—	2,868
Cost of revenues	—	3,194	2,029	—	5,223
Gross loss	—	(327)	(2,028)	—	(2,355)
Operating expenses	1,231	5,749	4,744	—	11,724
Operating loss	(1,231)	(6,076)	(6,772)	—	(14,079)
Other income (expense)	41	3,611	(1,867)	—	1,785
Loss from subsidiaries	(11,616)	—	—	11,616	—
Loss before income taxes	(12,806)	(2,465)	(8,639)	11,616	(12,294)
Net (loss) income	(12,806)	(2,482)	(8,639)	11,616	(12,311)

Selected consolidated balance sheets data

	As of December 31, 2020
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total current assets	34,141	55,850	238,067	(269,423)	58,635
Total non-current assets	—	56,292	151	—	56,443
Total assets	34,141	112,142	238,218	(269,423)	115,078
Total current liabilities	2,518	107,221	273,512	(269,423)	113,828
Total non-current liabilities	—	2,608	—	—	2,608
Total liabilities	2,518	109,829	273,512	(269,423)	116,436
Total shareholders’ equity	31,623	2,313	(35,294)	—	(1,358)

	As of December 31, 2021
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total current assets	27,408	29,093	255,958	(275,811)	36,648
Total non-current assets	—	53,744	5,643	—	59,387
Total assets	27,408	82,837	261,601	(275,811)	96,035
Total current liabilities	2,909	350,685	27,206	(275,811)	104,956
Total non-current liabilities	—	13	—	—	13
Total liabilities	2,909	350,698	27,206	(275,811)	104,969
Total shareholders’ equity	24,499	(267,828)	234,395	—	(8,934)

	As of December 31, 2022
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total current assets	50,328	37,842	256,531	(274,908)	69,793
Total non-current assets	—	44,476	880	—	45,356
Total assets	50,328	82,318	257,411	(274,908)	115,149
Total current liabilities	4,039	345,450	27,206	(274,908)	101,787
Total non-current liabilities	—	9	—	—	9
Total liabilities	4,039	345,459	27,206	(274,908)	101,796
Total shareholders’ equity	46,289	(262,614)	230,205	—	13,353

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Selected consolidated statements of cash flows data

	Year ended December 31, 2020
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	—	(5,681)	255	(129)	(5,555)
Net cash provided by investing activities	—	352	—	—	352
Net cash provided by financing activities	—	19,164	—	—	19,164

	Year ended December 31, 2021
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	—	(5,231)	359	(104)	(4,975)
Net cash used in investing activities	—	—	—	—	—
Net cash used in by financing activities	—	(9,433)	—	—	(9,433)

	Year ended December 31, 2022
			Non-VIE
		Consolidated	consolidated	Inter-company	Group
	Parent	affiliated entities	entities	elimination	consolidated
	(US$in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	—	1,729	(322)	(655)	752
Net cash used in investing activities	—	—	—	—	—
Net cash provided by financing activities	—	1,212	—	—	1,212

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.

We have been developing certain technologies for air travel media services purposes. However, our financial commitment to development of these technologies has been limited. We incurred research and development expense of $0.7 million, $0.4 million and approximately $35,000 for 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. While we are interested in and may experiment with new technologies from time to time, we do not intend to materially increase our research and development spending in the foreseeable future even for the new cryptocurrency business.

D. Trend Information

The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and temporary closure of facilities in China and many other countries since early 2020. Consequently, the COVID-19 outbreak has materially and adversely affected our business, results of operations and financial condition for prior years, including but not limited to business disturbances, slowdown in revenue growth and delayed collection of accounts receivables from our customers. Notwithstanding the significant shift from the zero-COVID policy by the Chinese government in December 2022, which led to the relaxation of the strict pandemic control measures since then, the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to affect our business, financial condition and results of operations for the full year 2023 to some extent. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” of this annual report.

Other than as disclosed in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

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E. Critical Accounting Policies, Judgements and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate these judgments and estimates based on our own experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, and our expectations regarding the future based on available information and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.

When reading our consolidated financial statements, you should consider our selection of critical accounting policies, the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. Our critical accounting policies and practices include the following: (i) revenue recognition; and (ii) income taxes. See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of these accounting policies. We believe the following accounting estimates involve the most significant judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements.

ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.

NAME	AGE	POSITION
Man Guo	59	Chairman of the Board and Interim Chief Financial Officer
Dan Shao	44	Director and Chief Executive Officer
Qing Xu	62	Director and Executive President
Dong Wen	57	Independent Director
Songzuo Xiang	58	Independent Director
Hua Zhuo	53	Independent Director

Mr.Man Guo is our founder and has served as the chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer since our inception. Mr. Guo has served as our interim chief financial officer since March 5, 2021. Mr. Guo also served as our interim chief financial officer previously from December 2018 to February 2019. He was the general manager of Beijing Sunshine Media Co., Ltd. from 1997 to 2004. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Guo served as the deputy general manager of Beijing Trade & Technology Development Company. Prior to that, he worked in China Civil Aviation Development Service Company from 1988 to 1990. Mr. Guo received his bachelor’s degree in applied mathematics from People’s Liberation Army Information Engineering University in China in 1983 and an Executive MBA degree from Peking University in China in 2011.

Ms. Dan Shao has served as a managing director of Air Media International (S) Pte Ltd, a company wholly owned by Ms. Shao, and as a managing director of Air Joy Media Private Limited, a subsidiary of AirNet, since December 2013 and November 2019, respectively. In addition, she has served as an executive director of Multiway International Consultancy Pte Ltd. since November 2020 and as a business development director at Elmwood Group Pte Ltd since August 2021. Ms. Shao worked at Shandong Hongzhi Advertising Co. Ltd. from December 2004 to December 2006, and at Sun Television Cybernetworks Enterprise Ltd. from January 2003 to November 2004. Ms. Shao graduated with a bachelor’s degree from the University of International Business and Economic in July 2003 and received a master’s degree from National University of Singapore in June 2019.

Mr. Qing Xu has served as our director since our inception and as our executive president since June 2010. From October 2005 to our inception, Mr. Xu served as a director of certain of our pre-existing affiliated entities. From 2003 to 2005, Mr. Xu served as a vice president of Zhongyuan Guoxin Investment Guarantee Co., Ltd. Prior to that, he served as a department director of China Haohua Group Co., Ltd. from 1997 to 2003 and as a department manager of Beijing Trade & Technology Development Company from 1991 to 1997. Mr. Xu was a secretary at the PRC State Council Secretary Bureau from 1984 to 1991. Mr. Xu received his associate’s degree in business and economics management from Beijing Normal University in 1996.

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Mr. Dong Wen has served as our independent director since July 2015 and as the chairperson of our compensation committee since October 2019. Mr. Wen has been the general manager of the home furnishing business division of Leju Holdings Limited (NYSE: LEJU) since 2011. Prior to that, he worked for four years as the chief executive officer of Lianlian Technology Group, which is the largest channel management vendor for authorized third-party prepayment for China Mobile subscribers according to that company. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Wen worked as a senior vice president of B&Q China.

Dr. Songzuo Xiang has served as our independent director since November 2008 and as the chairperson of our audit committee since October 2019. He currently serves on the board of China Digital TV Co. Ltd., an NYSE-listed company providing conditional access systems to China’s digital television market. From March 2009 to October 2009 and from July 2000 to July 2009, Dr. Xiang served as chief executive officer and director, respectively, of Ku6 Media Co., Ltd., a Nasdaq-listed company. He previously served as the Deputy Director of the Fund Planning Department at the People’s Bank of China Shenzhen Branch and was an investment manager at Shenzhen Resources & Property Development Group. He was a visiting scholar at Columbia University from May 1999 to July 2000 and at Cambridge University from October 1998 to May 1999. Dr. Xiang received his bachelor’s degree in engineering in Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1986, his master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University in 1999, his master’s degree in management science in 1993 and his Ph.D. degree in economics in 1993 from Renmin University in China.

Mr. Hua Zhuo has served as our independent director since July 2015 and as a member to each of our audit committee and the compensation committee since October 2019. He has worked as the chairman and president of Zhongyuan Guoxin Credit Financing Guarantee Co., Ltd. since 2003. Prior to that, he worked as the general manager at several other companies. Mr. Zhuo received his MBA degree from Peking University.

Except that Ms. Dan Shao is the spouse of Mr. Man Guo, no other family relationship exists between any of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report. There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management.

Employment Agreements

We have entered into employment agreements with Mr. Man Guo. Our employment agreements with Mr. Guo has an unfixed duration as required by the PRC Employment Law. Mr. Guo may terminate the respective agreement with a one-month prior notice while we will only be able to terminate such agreement in limited circumstances, such as for cause. We have also entered into employment agreements with our other executive officers. Each of the contract terms was a period of two or three years. We may terminate the employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the employee, including but not limited to a conviction or plea of guilty to certain crimes, negligence or dishonesty to our detriment and failure to perform the agreed-to duties after a reasonable opportunity to cure the failure. Furthermore, either we or an executive officer may terminate the employment at any time without cause upon advance written notice to the other party. These agreements do not provide for any special termination benefits, nor do we have other arrangements with these executive officers for special termination benefits.

Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the employment agreement expires or is earlier terminated, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his duties in connection with the employment, any confidential information, trade secrets and know-how of our company or the confidential information of any third party, including the VIEs and our subsidiaries, received by us. In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition restrictions set forth in his or her employment agreement. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to, for a period ranging from one to two years following the termination or expiration of the employment agreement, (1) carry on or be engaged or interested, directly or indirectly, as shareholder, director, employee, partner, agent or otherwise carry on any business in direct competition with our business; (2) solicit or entice away from us, or attempt to solicit or entice away from us, any person or entity who has been our customer, client or our representative or agent or in the habit of dealing with us within two years prior to such executive officer’s termination of employment; (3) solicit or entice away from us, or attempt to solicit or entice away from us, any person or entity who has been our officer, manager, consultant or employee within two years prior to such executive officer’s termination of employment; or (4) use the words used by us in our name or in the name of any of our products or services, in such a way as to be capable of or likely to be confused with our name or the name of our products or services.

B. Compensation

In 2022, the aggregate cash compensation to our executive officers was approximately $0.3 million and the aggregate cash compensation to our non-executive directors was approximately $0.1 million.

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Our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, housing fund, unemployment and other statutory benefits. Other than the above-mentioned pension insurance mandated by applicable PRC law, we have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our executive officers and directors. No executive officer is entitled to any severance benefits upon termination of his or her employment with our company except as required under applicable PRC law.

Share Options

In July 2007, we adopted the 2007 Option Plan to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. In December 2009, we amended the 2007 Option Plan by increasing the maximum aggregate number of shares issuable under the plan from 300,000 to 425,000. In March 2011, our board of directors authorized the issuance of 50,000 ordinary shares under the 2011 Option Plan. In 2012, our board of directors adopted the 2012 Option Plan, under which we are authorized to grant restricted shares or options and other awards for a total issuance of up to 150,000 ordinary shares. As of March 31, 2023, options to purchase 60,000 of our ordinary shares were outstanding. The majority of these options will vest on a straight-line basis over a three-year period, with one-twelfth of the options vesting each quarter from the date of grant.

The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2023, the outstanding options and restricted share units granted to our executive officers and directors under our 2007 Option Plan, as amended, 2011 Option Plan and 2012 Option Plan.

	Ordinary
	Shares	Exercise
	Underlying	Price
Name	Options	($/Share)	Date of Grant		Expiration Date
Man Guo	30,000	0.24		February 15, 2019		February 15, 2024
Qing Xu	30,000	0.24		February 15, 2019		February 15, 2024
Total	60,000

The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2007 Option Plan, as amended, 2011 Option Plan and 2012 Option Plan:

Plan Administration. Our board of directors, or a committee designated by our board or directors, will administer the plans. The committee or the full board of directors, as appropriate, will determine the provisions and terms and conditions of each option grant.

Award Agreements. Options and stock purchase rights granted under our plans are evidenced by a stock option agreement or a stock purchase right agreement, as applicable, that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each grant. In addition, the stock option agreement and the stock purchase right agreement also provide that securities granted are subject to a 180-day lock-up period following the effective date of a registration statement filed by us under the Securities Act, if so requested by us or any representative of the underwriters in connection with any registration of the offering of any of our securities.

Eligibility. We may grant awards to our employees, directors and consultants or any of our related entities, which include our subsidiaries or any entities in which we hold a substantial ownership interest.

Acceleration of Options upon Corporate Transactions. The outstanding options will terminate and accelerate upon occurrence of a change-of-control corporate transaction where the successor entity does not assume our outstanding options under the plans. In such event, each outstanding option will become fully vested and immediately exercisable, and the transfer restrictions on the awards will be released and the repurchase or forfeiture rights will terminate immediately before the date of the change-of-control transaction provided that the grantee’s continuous service with us shall not be terminated before that date.

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Exercise Price and Terms of the Options. The exercise price per share subject to an option may be amended or adjusted in the absolute discretion of the compensation committee, the determination of which shall be final, binding and conclusive. To the extent not prohibited by applicable laws or exchange rules, a re-pricing of options mentioned in the preceding sentence shall be effective without the approval of our shareholders or the approval of the optionees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the exercise price per share subject to an option may not be increased without the approval of the affected optionees. If we grant an option to an individual who, at the date of grant, possesses more than ten percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares, the exercise price cannot be less than 110% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the date of that grant. The compensation committee shall determine the time or times at which an option may be exercised in whole or in part, including exercise prior to vesting, and shall determine any conditions, if any, that must be satisfied before all or part of an option may be exercised. The term of each option grant shall be stated in the stock option agreement, provided that the term shall not exceed 10 years from the date of the grant.

Vesting Schedule. In general, the plan administrator determines, or the stock option agreement specifies, the vesting schedule.

Transfer Restrictions. Options to purchase our ordinary shares may not be transferred in any manner by the optionee other than by will or the laws of succession and may be exercised during the lifetime of the optionee only by the optionee.

Termination of the Plan. Unless terminated earlier, the 2007 Option Plan expires on and no further awards may be granted under it after July 2017, our 2011 Option Plan expires on and no further awards may be granted under it after March 2021, and our 2012 Option Plan expires on and no further awards may be granted under it after November 2022. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the plan subject to shareholder approval to the extent necessary to comply with applicable law. However, no such action may impair the rights of any optionee unless agreed by the optionee.

C. Board Practices

Our board of directors currently consists of six directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company by way of qualification. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract or arrangement notwithstanding that he may be interested therein and if he does so his vote shall be counted and he may be counted in the quorum at any meeting of our directors at which any such contract or proposed contract or arrangement is considered. Our directors may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money and mortgage or change its undertaking, property and uncalled capital or any part thereof, and to issue debentures, debenture stock or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third party. The remuneration to be paid to the directors is determined by the board of directors. There is no age limit requirement for directors.

Board Committees

We have established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a compliance committee. We currently do not plan to establish a nominating committee. The independent directors of our company will select and recommend to the board for nomination by the board such candidates as the independent directors, in the exercise of their judgment, have found to be well qualified and willing and available to serve as our directors prior to each annual meeting of our shareholders at which our directors are to be elected or reelected. In addition, our board of directors has resolved that director nominations be approved by a majority of the board as well as a majority of the independent directors of the board. A half of our board of directors are independent directors. We have adopted a charter for each of the board committees. Each committee’s members and responsibilities are described below.

Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Mr. Songzuo Xiang, Mr. Dong Wen and Mr. Hua Zhuo. Mr. Xiang is the chairperson. Our board of directors has determined that all members of our audit committee satisfy the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. We have determined that Mr. Xiang qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

● selecting the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;

● reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;

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● reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions on an ongoing basis;

● discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;

● reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;

● annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;

● other matters specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time;

● meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and

● reporting regularly to the full board of directors.

Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Mr. Songzuo Xiang, Mr. Dong Wen and Mr. Hua Zhuo. Mr. Wen is the chairperson. Our board of directors has determined that all members of our compensation committee satisfy the “independence” requirements of the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Our compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers, including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:

● reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our executive officers;

● reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and

● reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans.

Compliance Committee. Our compliance committee consists of Mr. Songzuo Xiang, Mr. Dong Wen and Mr. Hua Zhuo. Mr. Wen is the chairperson. Our compliance committee assists our board in overseeing our compliance with the laws and regulations applicable to our business, and compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics and related policies by our employees, officers, directors and other agents and associates. The compliance committee is responsible for, among other things:

● establishing and revising project and purchase control policies;

● establishing and revising administration and business supervision policies;

● accepting, investigating, and settling any comments, complaints, and reports from employees;

● investigating and settling any matters delegated from our board of directors; and

● monitoring the status of implementation of company policies.

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Duties of Directors

Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty to act honestly, and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also owe to our company a duty to act with skills and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to our company, our directors must ensure compliance with our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the rights vested thereunder in the holders of the shares. Our directors owe their fiduciary duties to our company and not to our company’s individual shareholders, and it is our company which has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached.

Terms of Directors and Officers

All directors hold office until the expiration of their terms and until their successors have been elected and qualified. A director may be removed from office before the expiry of his term by a special resolution passed by the shareholders. The directors shall be subject to retirement by rotation. Any director shall serve a term of office which shall expire on the 31st day of July which is not less than one year nor more than two years after the date of his appointment. Upon the expiry of each director’s term of office, he shall automatically retire and cease to be a director, but shall be eligible for re-election by the board of directors. Any director who is so re-elected shall serve an additional term which shall expire on the 31st day of July of the year which is two years after such re-election. There shall be no limit on the number of times which a director may be re-elected or the number of additional terms which any such director may serve. Every director is subject to retirement in accordance with our articles of association at least once every two years. Our articles of association also provide that the office of a director shall be vacated in a limited number of circumstances, namely if the director: (1) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (2) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (3) resigns his office by notice in writing to our company; (4) without special leave of absence from the board of directors, is absent from meetings of the board of directors for six consecutive months and the board of directors resolves that his office be vacated; or (5) if he or she shall be removed from office pursuant to the articles of association of our company or the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and other applicable laws and regulations of the Cayman Islands. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors.

In addition, our service agreements with our directors do not provide benefits upon termination of their services.

D. Employees

We had 123, 71 and 39 employees as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The following table sets forth the number of our employees by functions as of the same dates, respectively:

	As of December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
			Number		Number
	Number of	% of	of	% of	of	% of
	Employees	Total	Employees	Total	Employees	Total
Sales and Marketing Department	18	14.6	20	28.2	3	7.7
Quality Control and Technology Department	20	16.3	4	5.6	1	2.6
Programming Department	31	25.2	9	12.7	2	5.1
Resources Development Department	6	4.9	1	1.4	—	—
General Administrative and Accounting	48	39.0	37	52.1	33	84.6
Total	123	100.0	71	100.0	39	100.0

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The following table sets forth the breakdown of employees by geographic location as of December 31, 2022:

	Number of
City	Employees	% of Total
Beijing	39	100.0
Total	39	100.0

Generally, we enter into standard employment contracts with our officers, managers and other employees. According to these contracts, all of our employees are prohibited from engaging in any other employment during the period of their employment with us. The employment contracts with officers and managers are subject to renewal every three years and the employment contracts with other employees are subject to renewal every year.

In addition, we enter into standard confidentiality agreements with all of our employees including officers and managers that prohibit any employee from disclosing confidential information obtained during their employment with us. Furthermore, the confidentiality agreements include a covenant that prohibits all employees from engaging in any activities that compete with our business up to two years after their employment with us terminates.

Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with our employees to be generally good.

E. Share Ownership

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of March 31, 2023, by:

● each of our directors and executive officers; and

● each principal shareholder, or person known to us to own beneficially more than 5.0% of our ordinary shares.

The calculations in the shareholder table below are based on 8,923,687 ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2023, (excluding 24,818 ordinary shares and ordinary shares represented by ADSs reserved for settlement upon exercise of our incentive share awards). Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days after March 31, 2023, the most recent practicable date, including through the exercise of any option, or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.

	Shares Beneficially Owned
	Number	%
Directors and Executive Officers:
Man Guo(1)	603,896	6.8
Dan Shao	514,605	5.8
Qing Xu	*	*
Dong Wen	—	—
Songzuo Xiang	*	*
Hua Zhuo	—	—
Hong Zhou	*	*
All directors and executive officers**	1,190,126	13.3
Principal Shareholders:
Unistar Group Holdings Limited(2)	4,029,253	45.2
Northern Shore Group Limited(3)	1,726,823	19.4
Man Guo(1)	603,896	6.8
Dan Shao(4)	514,605	5.8

* Aggregate beneficial ownership of our company by such director or officer is less than 1% of our total outstanding ordinary shares.

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** The business address of our directors and executive officers is Suite 301 No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, The People’s Republic of China.

(1) Includes (i) 402,650 ordinary shares held by Wealthy Environment Limited, a BVI company wholly owned by Mr. Man Guo, (ii) 121,246 ordinary shares represented by ADSs held by Wealthy Environment Limited, (iii) 50,000 ordinary shares represented by ADSs held by Mr. Man Guo, and (iv) 30,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Guo that are exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 2023. The registered address of Wealthy Environment Limited is P.O. Box 173, Kingston Chambers, Road Town Tortola, BVI.

(2) Includes 4,029,253 ordinary shares held by Unistar Group Holdings Limited, a BVI company. The principal business address of Unistar Group Holdings Limited is 3rd Floor, J&C Building, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands, VG1110. Mr. Rui Du is the sole director of Unistar Group Holdings Limited and possesses the sole voting and dispositive power of the shares owned by Unistar Group Holdings Limited. Therefore, Mr. Du may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of such shares.

(3) Includes 1,726,823 ordinary shares held by Northern Shore Group Limited, a BVI company. The principal business address of Northern Shore Group Limited is Level 23, China World Tower B, 1 Jianguomenwai Ave, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100004. Mr. Zhichao Li is the sole director of Northern Shore Group Limited and possesses the sole voting and dispositive power of the shares owned by Northern Shore Group Limited. Therefore, Mr. Li may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of such shares.

(4) Includes (i) 500,000 ordinary shares held by Global Earning Pacific Limited and (ii) 14,605 ordinary shares represented by ADSs that Ms. Dan Shao purchased in one or more open-market transactions. Global Earning Pacific Limited, a company incorporated in BVI, is wholly owned and controlled by Ms. Dan Shao, the spouse of Mr. Man Guo. The registered address of Global Earning Pacific Limited is OMC Chambers, Wickham Cay 1, Road Town Tortola, BVI.

Other than as otherwise disclosed in this annual report, we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly. None of our major shareholders have different voting rights from other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.

As of March 31, 2023, 8,948,505 of our ordinary shares were issued and outstanding, of which 24,818 ordinary shares are issued to our depositary bank reserved for future exercise of vested options. To our knowledge, we had only one record shareholder in the United States, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which is the depositary of our ADS program and held approximately 25.2% of our total outstanding ordinary shares as of March 31, 2023. The number of beneficial owners of our ADSs in the United States is likely to be much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary shares in the United States.

For the options granted to our directors, officers and employees, please refer to “­—B. Compensation—Share Options.”

F. Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation

Not applicable.

ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. Major Shareholders

Please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”

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B. Related Party Transactions

Contractual Arrangements

The VIEs, Beijing Yuehang, and Linghang Shengshi, together with their respective subsidiaries, directly operate our air travel media network, enter into related concession rights contracts and sell advertising time slots and advertising locations to our advertisers. If we re-run our Wi-Fi business, the VIE, AirNet Online, along with its subsidiaries, would enter into concession rights contracts in relation to our Wi-Fi business and would directly operate this business and enter into related business contracts. We have been and expect to continue to be dependent on the VIEs to operate our advertising business and programming business. Chuangyi Technology has entered into contractual arrangements with the VIEs, pursuant to which Chuangyi Technology provides exclusive technology support and service and technology development services in exchange for payments from them. In addition, Chuangyi Technology has entered into agreements with the VIEs and each of their existing shareholders (except Lin Wang), which provide Chuangyi Technology with the substantial ability to control the VIEs. These agreements are summarized in the following paragraphs.

● Technology support and service agreements: Chuangyi Technology provides exclusive technology support and consulting services to the VIEs and in return, the VIEs are required to pay Chuangyi Technology service fees. Linghang Shengshi pays to Chuangyi Technology annual service fees in the amount that guarantee that Linghang Shengshi can achieve, after deducting such service fees payable to Chuangyi Technology, a net cost- plus rate of no less than 0.5%. It is at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion that the rate and amount of service fees ultimately charged the VIEs under these agreements are determined. The “net cost-plus rate” refers to the operating profit as a percentage of total costs and expenses of a certain entity. The technology support and service fees for each given year payable by AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology under AirNet Online’s technology support and service agreement shall be determined by AirNet Online and Chuangyi Technology at the first month of such year taking into account several factors. Those factors include the credential of the team of Chuangyi Technology that provides services to AirNet Online, the number of service hours, the nature and value of the services provided by Chuangyi Technology, the extent to which Chuangyi Technology provides patent or other license to AirNet Online in its provision of technology support and service and the correlation between AirNet Online’s results of operations and the technology support and service provided by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fee. The technology support and service agreements are effective for ten years and such term is automatically renewed upon their expiration unless either party to an agreement informs the other party of its intention not to extend at least twenty days prior to the expiration of these agreements.

● Technology development agreements: The VIEs exclusively engage Chuangyi Technology to provide technology development services. Chuangyi Technology owns the intellectual property rights developed in the performance of these agreements. Linghang Shengshi pays to Chuangyi Technology annual service fees in the amount that guarantee that the VIEs can achieve, after deducting such service fees payable to Chuangyi Technology, a net cost-plus rate of no less than 0.5%, which final rate should be determined by Chuangyi Technology. It is at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion the rate and amount of fees ultimately charged the VIEs under these agreements are determined. The “net cost-plus rate” refers to the operating profit as a percentage of total costs and expenses of a certain entity. The technology development fees for each given year payable by AirNet Online/Iwangfan to Chuangyi Technology under AirNet Online/Iwangfan’s technology development agreement shall be determined by AirNet Online/Iwangfan and Chuangyi Technology at the first month of such year taking into account several factors. Those factors include the credential of the team of Chuangyi Technology that provides services to AirNet Online/Iwangfan, the number of service hours, the nature and value of the services provided by Chuangyi Technology, the extent to which Chuangyi Technology provides patent or other license to AirNet Online/Iwangfan in its provision of technology development service and the correlation between AirNet Online/Iwangfan’s results of operations and the technology development service provided by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online/Iwangfan shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fee. The technology development agreements are effective for ten years and such term is automatically renewed upon their expiration unless either party informs the other party of its intention not to extend at least twenty days prior to the expiration of these agreements.

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● Exclusive technology consultation and service agreement: AirNet Online exclusively engages Chuangyi Technology to provide consultation services in relation to management, training, marketing and promotion. AirNet Online agrees to pay to Chuangyi Technology the amount of annual service fees as determined by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fees. The exclusive technology consultation and service agreement remains effective for ten years and such term may be reviewed by Chuangyi Technology’s written confirmation prior to the expiration of the agreement term.

● Call option agreements: Under the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the existing shareholders (except Lin Wang) of Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan, such shareholders of those VIEs irrevocably granted Chuangyi Technology or its designated third party an exclusive option to purchase from such shareholders of the VIEs, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all the equity interests in the VIEs, as the case may be, for the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable law without any other conditions. Under the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the existing shareholders of AirNet Online, such shareholders of AirNet Online irrevocably granted Chuangyi Technology or its designated third party an exclusive option to purchase from such shareholders of AirNet Online, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all the equity interests in AirNet Online, as the case may be. To the extent the applicable PRC law does not require the valuation of the subject equity interests and does not otherwise restrict the purchase price for such equity interests, such purchase price shall equal the amount of actual payment made by the respective shareholders of AirNet Online with respect to the equity interests whether in the form or share capital injection or secondary purchase price. If and where the applicable PRC law requires the valuation of the subject equity interests or otherwise has restrictions on the purchase price for such equity interests, such purchase price shall equal the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable law. In addition, under these agreements (except for the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the existing shareholders of AirNet Online), Chuangyi Technology has undertaken to act as guarantor of VIEs in all operations-related contracts, agreements and transactions and commit to provide loans to support the business development needs of VIEs or if the VIEs suffer operating difficulties, provided that the relevant VIE’s shareholders satisfy the terms and conditions in the call option agreements. Under PRC laws, to provide an effective guarantee, a guarantor needs to execute a specific written agreement with the beneficiary of the guarantee. As Chuangyi Technology has not entered into any written guarantee agreements with any third party beneficiaries to guarantee the VIEs’ performance obligations to these third parties, none of these third parties can demand performance from Chuangyi Technology as a guarantor of the VIEs’ performance obligations. The absence of a written guarantee agreement, however, does not affect our conclusion that we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and in turn should consolidate the financials of the VIEs. The term of each call option agreement is ten years and such terms can be renewed upon expiration at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion. In January 2016, existing shareholders of AirNet Online and Linghang Shengshi entered into a supplement agreement to provide that, without respect to the changes in equity interest percentages of those shareholders in the respective VIEs, the relevant provisions of the respective call option agreements shall continue to apply.

● Equity pledge agreements: Under the equity pledge agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the existing shareholders of the VIEs other than AirNet Online, such shareholders of those VIEs (except Lin Wang) pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in those VIEs to Chuangyi Technology to guarantee those VIEs’ performance of their obligations under the technology support and service agreement and the technology development agreement. Under the equity pledge agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the existing shareholders of AirNet Online, such shareholders of AirNet Online pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology to guarantee the performance by AirNet Online of its obligations under its call option agreement and its exclusive technology consultation and service agreement. If the VIEs fail to perform their obligations set forth in the applicable agreements, Chuangyi Technology shall be entitled to exercise all the remedies and powers set forth in the provisions of the applicable equity pledge agreements. Those agreements remain effective for as long as the technology support and service agreements and technology development agreement are effective, or, in the case of AirNet Online, until two years after the term of the obligations under the call option agreement and exclusive technology consultation and service agreement. Pursuant to the PRC Property Rights Law, an equity pledge is not perfected as a security property right unless it is registered with the competent local administration for industry and commerce. We have not yet registered the share pledges by those shareholders of AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan. In January 2016, existing shareholders of AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan entered into a supplement agreement to provide that, without respect to the changes in equity interest percentages of those shareholders in the respective VIEs, the relevant provisions of the respective equity pledge agreements shall continue to apply.

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● Authorization letters: Each existing shareholder of the VIEs (except Lin Wang) has executed an authorization letter to authorize persons appointed by Chuangyi Technology to exercise certain of its rights, including voting rights, the rights to enter into legal documents and the rights to transfer any or all of its equity interest in the VIEs. The authorization letters by such shareholders of the VIEs will remain effective during the operating periods of the respective VIEs and for so long as the respective parties remain those shareholders of the VIEs unless terminated earlier by Chuangyi Technology or unless the call option agreement with respect to VIEs is terminated prior to its expiration.

Through the above contractual arrangements, Chuangyi Technology has obtained the voting interest in the VIEs of all their existing shareholders (except Lin Wang), has the right to receive substantially all dividends declared and paid by the VIEs and may receive substantially all of the net income of the VIEs through the technical support and service fees as determined by Chuangyi Technology at its sole discretion. Accordingly, we have consolidated the VIEs because we believe, through the contractual arrangements, (1) Chuangyi Technology could direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly affect its economic performance and (2) Chuangyi Technology could receive substantially all of the benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIEs. Other than the contractual arrangements described above, because the management and certain employees of Chuangyi Technology also serve in the VIEs as management or employees, certain operating costs paid by Chuangyi Technology, such as payroll costs and office rental, were re-charged to the VIEs.

Chuangyi Technology also entered into loan agreements with each existing shareholder of AirNet Online, pursuant to which Chuangyi Technology agrees to make loans in an aggregate amount of RMB50 million to such shareholders of AirNet Online solely for the incorporation and capitalization of AirNet Online. The loan is interest free and the term of the loan is ten years and shall be automatically renewed on an annual basis unless Chuangyi Technology objects. Chuangyi Technology can require such shareholders to repay all or a portion of the loan before the maturity date with a 15 days prior written notice. Under such circumstances, Chuangyi Technology is entitled to, or designate a third party to, buy all or a portion of such shareholders’ equity interests in AirNet Online on a pro rata basis based on the amount of the repaid principal of the loan. As of the date of this annual report, no loan had been made and the capital of AirNet Online subscribed by those shareholders was not injected.

Amounts due from related parties

As of December 31, 2020, we had $17 thousand due from Mambo Fiesta Limited, representing an interest free advance to it on a short-term basis for operation purpose. We also have $1 thousand, $1 thousand, $3 thousand and $3 thousand due from Shanghai Qingxuan Co., Ltd., Wealthy Environment Limited, AirMedia Holding Ltd. and AirMedia Merger Company Ltd., respectively, all controlled by Mr. Man Guo, representing interest free advances on a short-term basis for operation purpose. In addition, we have $2 thousand due from Global Earning Pacific Ltd., an entity controlled by Ms. Dan Shao, who is our principal shareholder, representing an interest free advance to it on a short-term basis for operation purpose.

As of December 31, 2021, we did not have any balance due from related parties.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $0.44 million and $0.17 million due from Mr. Xu Qing and Unicom AirNet, respectively, representing an interest free advance to it on a short-term basis for operation purpose.

Amounts due to related parties

As of December 31, 2020, we had $1.53 million due to Ms. Dan Shao, who is our principal shareholder, representing a loan with annualized interest rate of 21.6% on a short-term basis for our operation purpose.

As of December 31, 2021, we did not have any balance due to related parties.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $0.80 million and  $0.37 million due to Mr. Zhichao Li and Mr. Rui Du, who are our shareholders, representing an interest free loan on a short-term basis for our operation purpose.

Share Options

See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation—Share Options.”

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

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ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Financial Statements

We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report. See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Legal Proceedings

We may become subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time.

A majority of the digital frames and digital TV screens in our network include programs that consist of both advertising content and non-advertising content. On December 6, 2007, the State Administration of Radio, Film or Television, or the SARFT, a governmental authority in the PRC, issued the Circular regarding Strengthening the Management of Public Audio-Video in Automobiles, Buildings and Other Public Areas, or the SARFT Circular. According to the SARFT Circular, displaying audio-video programs such as television news, films and television shows, sports, technology and entertainment through public audio-video systems located in automobiles, buildings, airports, bus or train stations, shops, banks and hospitals and other outdoor public systems must be approved by the SARFT. We intend to obtain the requisite approval of the SARFT for our non-advertising content, but we cannot assure that we will obtain such approval in compliance with this new SARFT Circular, or at all. In January 2014, we entered into a strategic alliance with China Radio International Oriental Network (Beijing) Co., Ltd, or CRION, which manages the internet TV business of China International Broadcasting Network, to operate the CIBN-AirNet channel for broadcast network TV programs to air travelers in China. According to the terms of the cooperation arrangement with CRION, during the cooperation period from March 28, 2014 to March 27, 2024, CRION shall obtain and, from time to time, be responsible for obtaining any approval, license and consent regarding the regulation of broadcasting and television from relevant authorities.

There is no assurance that CRION will be able to obtain or maintain the requisite approval or we will be able to renew the contract with CRION when they expire. If the requisite approval is not obtained, we will be required to eliminate non-advertising content from the programs included in our digital frames and digital TV screens and advertisers may find our network less attractive and be unwilling to purchase advertising time slots on our network. As of December 31, 2022, we did not record a provision for this matter as management believes the possibility of adverse outcome of the matter is remote and any liability it may incur would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements. However, it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome and the possible range of the potential impact of failure to obtain such disclosed registrations and approvals primarily due to the lack of relevant data and information in the market in this industry in the past.

Linghang Shengshi had served a legal letter, dated June 29, 2016, or the Legal Letter, on Longde Wenchuang to challenge the proposed transfers by Longde Wenchuang of their equity interests in AM Advertising to Shanghai Golden Bridge InfoTech Co., Ltd. (stock code: 603918), a PRC company with its shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, or Golden Bridge. As of the date of the Legal Letter, Linghang Shengshi held 24.84% of the equity interests in AM Advertising. Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center held 28.57% and 46.43%, respectively, of the equity interests in AM Advertising. On June 14, 2016, Longde Wenchuang entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with Golden Bridge to transfer 75% equity interests in AM Advertising to Golden Bridge in consideration for shares in Golden Bridge, or the Transfer. Neither of Longde Wenchuang sought consent from Linghang Shengshi with respect to the Transfer in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Company Law. In the Legal Letter, Linghang Shengshi challenges the validity of the Transfer on the ground that it violated the statutory right of first refusal of Linghang Shengshi under the Company Law. Subsequent to our legal letter, Golden Bridge ceased acquisition of 75% equity interest of AM Advertising from Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center. Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center further dismissed our representative from Co-CEO position of AM Advertising.

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On September 2, 2016, we received notice from the CIETAC that we, Chuangyi Technology, Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Man Guo, collectively, the Respondents, were named as respondents by the Culture Center in an arbitration proceeding submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC in connection with the sale by us of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising to Culture Center and Longde Wenchuang in June 2015. Culture Center seeks specific performance by the Respondents of certain obligations under the transaction documents, which include, among other things, (1) the pledge by Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Guo of their respective equity interests in AM Advertising to Culture Center as security for their obligations under the transaction documents, (2) the use of best efforts by the Respondents to cooperate with the Culture Center and Longde Wenchuang to procure the listing of AM Advertising in China and (3) the performance by us and Mr. Guo of their respective non-compete obligations to refrain from holding, operating, or otherwise participating in any business that is the same or substantially the same as that of AM Advertising. We believe the arbitration request is without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously. In response to the notice, we filed a notice against Culture Center to CIETAC for their breach of contract.

As a result of the above disputes, we are no longer able to exercise significant influence in operating and strategic decision of AM Advertising and cannot access to AM Advertising’s financial information. Accordingly, we accounted our investment in AM Advertising as equity investments without readily determinable fair values as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. AM Advertising and its subsidiaries are no longer related parties to us. As of December 31, 2016, we treated the provision for earnout commitment of $23.5 million as contingent liability and did not record any additional provision for this matter as management believes the possibility of adverse outcome of the matter is remote and any liability it may incur would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

On March 28, 2018, August 23, 2018 and November 2018, a MoU and its supplemental agreements respectively, with, among others, Longde Wenchuang and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership), under which, among other things, Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Guo agreed to pay or make available to AM Advertising on or prior to May 30, 2018 and further extended to September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 an aggregate of RMB304.5 million which was to be discounted by the following amounts (1) the RMB152.0 million profits attributable to Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu for the first nine months of 2015, based on a third-party pro forma audit report on AM Advertising; (2) the loan of RMB88.0 million in principal balance and RMB7.8 million in interests; and (3) the payment of RMB56.7 million in cash after the sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising, which consisted of 20.18% equity interests hold by us and 0.14% equity interests hold by Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu on behalf of our company, and following the completion of the foregoing arrangements, our obligations with respect to the profit target for 2015, the earnout provision for the first nine months of 2015 and the loans between AM Advertising and Linghang Shengshi shall be deem completed. According to the aforesaid MoU, after Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu transfer all the equity interest of AM Advertising, they will cease to be shareholders of AM Advertising and will not be able to continuously assume the obligations in connection with the profit commitment and earn out provision as a matter of fact.

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The sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising (therein 20.18% was held by us) has been completed as of December 31,2018, while the cash payment of RMB56.7 million to Longde Wenchuang and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership) has not been paid yet by us as of December 31, 2019. Upon the effectiveness of MoU, we have written off the contingency of provision for earnout provision, and have recorded an actual payable of earnout provision in the amount of RMB152.6 million as of December 31, 2018. On June 27, 2019, Linghang Shengshi received a letter of notification from AM Advertising requiring for the immediate payment for the net settlement of RMB56.7 million, or the Letter, and Linghang Shengshi responded to the Letter on June 28, 2019 by urging AM Advertising to cooperate with income tax deduction. As of December 31, 2020, Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center have not issued a written notice requesting the cancellation of the MoU, and according to an independent third-party attorney’s legal opinion, the MoU was still effective and the aforementioned actual payable of earnout provision remained. In January 2021, we were informed that two of Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts amounted to RMB1 in aggregate was frozen by the court as Culture Center applied to the court regardless of the arbitration process in the CIETAC in connection with the sale of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising. We believed the application is non-excused as it conflicted with the arbitration proceeding already submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC and defended the actions by applying to the court to unfreeze Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts. In March 2021, we discovered that the equity interest of AirNet Online held by Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu was frozen by the court, which was applied to the court by AM Advertising to urge all parties to settle the Transfer, or the Case. In January 2022, the court ruled that Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu should pay the Debts to AM Advertising within 10 days of the effective date of the judgment. The court further ruled that Chuangyi Technology and AirNet is jointly and severally liable for the Debts to the AM Advertising. Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo, Mr. Xu and Chuangyi Technology thereafter entered an appeal to the court. The Case is currently in the second trial by the court.

For risks and uncertainties relating to the pending cases against us, please see “Item 3. Key Information— D. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business—We were named as a defendant or respondent in legal proceedings that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and reputation.”

We are not currently a party to, nor are we aware of, any other legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Dividend Policy

We do not have any present plan to declare or pay any dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

Our board of directors has discretion in deciding whether to distribute dividends. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. In either case, the distribution of dividends is subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium account, and provided always that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.

B.Significant Changes

Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant change since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.

ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING

A.Offer and Listing Details

See “—C. Markets.”

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B.Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C.Markets

Our ADSs, each representing one of our ordinary shares, were listed on the Nasdaq Global Market on November 7, 2007 and were subsequently transferred to the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Our ADSs were transferred to the Nasdaq Capital Market in November 2018. On April 11, 2019, we changed our ADS share ratio from one ADS representing two ordinary shares to one ADS representing 10 ordinary shares. Our trading symbol on the Nasdaq Capital Market has been changed from “AMCN” to “ANTE” effective on June 13, 2019.

Effective on December 9, 2022, we consolidated every forty of the authorized (whether issued or unissued) shares of each class of par value of US$0.001 each in the capital of our company into one share of the same class of par value of US$0.04 each (the “Share Consolidation”). Upon the Share Consolidation, the ratio of our American Depositary Receipts representing ordinary shares of our company was amended from one ADS representing 10 ordinary shares to one ADS representing one ordinary share.

D.Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E.Dilution

Not applicable.

F.Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A.Share Capital

Not applicable.

B.Memorandum and Articles of Association

We incorporate by reference into this annual report the description of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association which was filed as Exhibit 99.2 to our Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) with the SEC on May 28, 2019.

C.Material Contracts

We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described above, in “Item 4. Information on the Company” or elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.

D.Exchange Controls

There are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our ordinary shares or on the conduct of our operations in the Cayman Islands, where we were incorporated. Cayman Islands law and our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association do not impose any material limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our ordinary shares.

See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation-Regulations on Foreign Exchange” for a description of PRC regulations on foreign exchange.

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E.Taxation

Cayman Islands Taxation

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. No Cayman Islands stamp duty will be payable unless an instrument is executed in, or after execution, brought to or produced before a court in the Cayman Islands.

The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands. Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the ordinary shares and ADSs will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the ordinary shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the ordinary shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

PRC Taxation

Under the EIT Law and its implementation rules, foreign corporate shareholders and corporate ADSs holders may be subject to a 10% income tax upon the dividends payable by us or on any gains they realize from the transfer of our shares or ADSs, if we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise and such income is regarded as income from “sources within the PRC.” Given the fact that whether we would be regarded as “resident enterprise” is not clear, it is uncertain whether foreign corporate shareholders and corporate ADSs holders may be subject to a 10% income tax upon the dividends payable by us or on any gains they realize from the transfer of our shares or ADSs. If we are required under the PRC tax law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our non-PRC corporate shareholders and ADS holders or if any gains of the transfer of their shares or ADSs are subject to PRC tax, such holders’ investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected.

U.S. Federal Income Taxation

General

The following is a summary of material U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that holds our ADSs or ordinary shares as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, but it does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax consequences and considerations. This summary is based upon existing U.S. federal income tax law as of the date hereof, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular holders in light of their individual circumstances, including holders subject to special tax rules (for example, banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, cooperatives, pension plans, broker-dealers, partnerships and their partners, and tax-exempt organizations (including private foundations)), holders who are not U.S. Holders (as defined below), holders who own (directly, indirectly or constructively) 10% or more of our stock (by vote or value), holders who acquire their ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation, holders that hold their ADSs or ordinary shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, traders in securities that have elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities or holders that have a functional currency other than the United States dollar, U.S. expatriates, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below. No ruling has been sought from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to any U.S. federal income tax consequences described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. In addition, this summary does not discuss any alternative minimum tax, state, local, non-U.S. tax or non-income tax (such as the U.S. federal gift and estate tax) considerations or the Medicare tax. Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult with its tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. income and other tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

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For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the laws of, the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or (4) a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise elected to be treated as a United States person.

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding our ADSs or ordinary shares and partners in such partnerships are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding their ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

The discussion below assumes the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms.

It is generally expected that a U.S. Holder of ADSs should be treated as the beneficial owner, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, of the underlying shares represented by the ADSs. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a holder of ADSs will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of ordinary shares for ADSs will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations

In general, we will be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) 75 percent or more of our gross income for such year is passive income or (2) 50 percent or more of the average quarterly value of our assets (as generally determined on the basis of fair market value) produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are generally classified as passive and goodwill and other unbooked intangibles associated with active business activities may generally be classified as non-passive. We will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25 percent or more (by value) of the stock. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we treat the VIEs (and their subsidiaries) as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operations of such entities but also because we are entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits associated with such entities, and, as a result, we consolidate such entity’s’ operating results in our consolidated financial statements. Assuming we are treated as the owners of the VIEs, and based on the manner in which we operate our business and the historical, current and expected composition and characterization of our income and assets (in particular, the retention of a large amount of cash) and value of our assets, we believe it is reasonable to take a position that we were not a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2022. However, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects, and we cannot assure you we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or future taxable years. The value of the assets of our Parent for purposes of the PFIC determination will generally be determined by reference to the market price of the ADSs, which has and could continue to fluctuate significantly. Accordingly, we may become classified as a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2023 and future taxable years if the market price of our ADSs does not increase and/or we do not invest a substantial amount of the cash and other passive assets we hold in assets that produce or are held for the production of non-passive income. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules to our cryptocurrency mining operations and the composition and characterization of related assets is uncertain. If our cryptocurrency mining operations consist of or give rise to assets that are treated as passive or generate passive income for PFIC purposes, and our cryptocurrency mining operations increase relative to our other operations, we may be more likely to be classified as a PFIC in the current taxable year or future taxable years. The IRS may challenge our determination in this regard. Further,  we believe we are likely treated as a “controlled foreign corporation” (see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Market for Our ADSs—If a U.S. Holder is treated as owning at least 10% of our ordinary shares, such U.S. Holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.”) and the value of the assets owned by our subsidiaries and the VIEs will be determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of such assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because we do not currently track adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may not be able to determine whether we are a PFIC in future taxable years. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules and PFIC status is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis, no assurance can be given with respect to our PFIC status for our taxable year ended December 31, 2022, or the current taxable year or future taxable years.

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If we are classified as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds ADSs or ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder will generally, as discussed below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” be treated as holding an equity interest in a PFIC in the first taxable year of the U.S. Holder’s holding period in which we are or become a PFIC and subsequent taxable years even if, we in fact, cease to be a PFIC in subsequent taxable years.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

As described above, we believe that we have been a PFIC in certain prior years, although we do not believe we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, we may become classified as a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2023 and future taxable years. If we are classified as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds ADSs or ordinary shares, and unless a mark-to-market election (as described below) is made, a U.S. Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules that have a penalizing effect, regardless of whether we remain a PFIC, on (1) any excess distribution that we make (which generally means any distribution received in a taxable year that is greater than 125 percent of the average annual distributions received in the three preceding taxable years, if shorter, or such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares), and (2) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition, including, under certain circumstances, a pledge, of our ADSs or ordinary shares. Under the PFIC rules:

● such excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares;

● such amount allocated to the taxable year of distribution or gain and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we are classified as a PFIC (a “pre-PFIC year”) will be taxable as ordinary income;

● such amount allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect applicable to such U.S. Holder for that year; and

● an interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the tax attributable to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds ADSs or ordinary shares and any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is also a PFIC, such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the ADSs or ordinary shares of the lower-tier PFIC and would be subject to the rules described above on certain distributions by a lower-tier PFIC and a disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares of a lower-tier PFIC even though such U.S. Holder would not receive the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the ADSs or ordinary shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such U.S. Holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder holds the ADSs or ordinary shares, unless we were to cease to be a PFIC and the U.S. Holder makes a “deemed sale” election with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares. If such election is made, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to have sold the ADSs or ordinary shares it holds at their fair market value and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the rules described in the preceding two paragraphs. After the deemed sale election, so long as we do not become a PFIC in a subsequent fiscal year, the ADSs or ordinary shares with respect to which such election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC and, as a result, the U.S. Holder will not be subject to the rules described above with respect to any “excess distribution” the U.S. Holder receives from us or any gain from an actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares. Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisors as to the possibility and consequences of making a deemed sale election if we are and then cease to be a PFIC and such an election becomes available to the U.S. Holder.

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As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a holder of “marketable stock” in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such stock. Marketable stock is stock that is regularly traded on a qualified exchange or other market as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations. Our ADSs (but not our ordinary shares) are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which is a qualified exchange or other market for these purposes. We anticipate that the ADSs will be considered regularly traded for so long as they continue to be listed, but no assurance may be given in this regard. If a U.S. Holder makes this election, such holder will generally (1) include in gross income for each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ADSs at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs and (2) deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs over the fair market value of the ADSs at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The adjusted tax basis in the ADSs would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the mark-to-market election. If a mark-to-market election is made in respect of a corporation classified as a PFIC and such corporation ceases to be classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will generally not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that such corporation is not classified as a PFIC. If a mark-to-market election is made, any gain recognized upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. In the case of a U.S. Holder who has held ADSs during any taxable year in which we are classified as PFIC and continues to hold such ADSs (or any portion thereof), and who is considering making a mark-to-market election, special tax rules may apply relating to purging the PFIC taint of such ADSs. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions, except that the reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income (as discussed below in “—Dividends”) would not apply.

Because a mark-to-market election cannot be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to such U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any investment held by us that is treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

We do not intend to provide the U.S. Holders with the information necessary to permit U.S. Holders to make qualified electing fund elections, which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from (and generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.

If a U.S. Holder owns our ADSs or ordinary shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS Form 8621. In addition, the reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income (as discussed below in “—Dividends) would not apply to dividends that we pay on the ADSs or ordinary shares if we are classified as a PFIC for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year. Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing ADSs or ordinary shares if we are or become a PFIC, including the possibility of making a mark-to-market election and the “deemed sale” election.

Dividends

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, any cash distributions (including the amount of any taxes withheld) paid on our ADSs or ordinary shares out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of ordinary shares, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution paid will generally be reported as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-corporate recipient of dividend income generally will be subject to tax on dividend income from a “qualified foreign corporation” at a reduced U.S. federal tax rate rather than the marginal tax rates generally applicable to ordinary income provided that certain holding period requirements are met.

A non-U.S. corporation (other than a corporation that is classified as a PFIC for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year) generally will be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation with respect to any dividend it pays on stock (or ADSs in respect of such stock) which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or, in the event that the company is deemed to be a PRC resident under the EIT Law, the company is eligible for the benefits of the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or the United States-PRC treaty.

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The ADSs are currently tradable on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which is an established securities market in the United States, and thus we anticipate they will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States for purposes of the foregoing rule, however, no assurance may be given in this regard. In the event we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the EIT Law (see “—PRC Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the United States-PRC income tax treaty. Nevertheless, as mentioned above, we believe that we have been a PFIC in certain prior years, although we believe it is reasonable to take a position that we were not a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2022, and we may become classified as a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2023 or future taxable years, in which case, we would not be considered a qualified foreign corporation for such taxable years even if we were considered readily tradable on an established securities market or eligible for the benefits of the United States-PRC income tax treaty. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the rate of tax that will apply to such holder with respect to, dividend distributions, if any, received from us.

Dividends received on the ADSs or ordinary shares are not expected to be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations.

Dividends paid on our ADSs or ordinary shares generally will be treated as income from foreign sources for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes and generally will constitute passive category income. A U.S. Holder may be eligible, subject to a number of complex limitations, to claim a foreign tax credit in respect of any foreign withholding taxes imposed on dividends received on our ADSs or ordinary shares. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld, may instead claim a deduction, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholdings, but only for a year in which such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.

Sale or Other Disposition of ADSs or Ordinary Shares

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs or ordinary shares. Any capital gain or loss will be long-term if the ADSs or ordinary shares have been held for more than one year and will generally be U.S. source gain or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. However, in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise under the EIT Law, and gain from the disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares is subject to tax in the PRC (see “—PRC Taxation”), such gain may be treated as PRC-source gain for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. The deductibility of a capital loss is subject to limitations. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult with its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences if a foreign withholding tax is imposed on a disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Certain U.S. Holders are required to report information to the IRS relating to an interest in “specified foreign financial assets” (as defined in the Code), including shares issued by a non-U.S. corporation, for any year in which the aggregate value of all specified foreign financial assets exceeds $50,000 (or a higher dollar amount prescribed by the IRS), subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for shares held in custodial accounts maintained with a U.S. financial institution). These rules also impose penalties if a U.S. Holder is required to submit such information to the IRS and fails to do so.

In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and backup withholding with respect to dividends on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, the ADSs or ordinary shares. Information reporting will apply to payments of dividends on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, the ADSs or ordinary shares made by a paying agent within the United States to a U.S. Holder, unless the U.S. Holder is exempt from information reporting and properly certifies its exemption. A paying agent within the United States will be required to withhold at the applicable statutory rate, currently 24%, in respect of any payments of dividends on, and the proceeds from the disposition of, the ADSs or ordinary shares made within the United States to a U.S. Holder if the U.S. Holder fails to furnish its correct taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with applicable backup withholding requirements, unless the U.S. Holder is exempt from backup withholding and properly certifies its exemption. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide a properly completed IRS Form W-9.

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Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. A U.S. Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS in a timely manner and furnishing any required information. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult with its tax advisor regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting rules to their particular circumstances.

F.Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G.Statement by Expert

Not applicable.

H.Documents on Display

We have previously filed with the SEC our registration statement on Form F-1 (File Number 333-146825), as amended, and a prospectus under the Securities Act with respect to our ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, and a related registration statement on Form F-6 (File Number 333-146908) with respect to our ADSs, as amended. We have also filed with the SEC registration statements on Form S-8 (File Numbers 333-148352, 333-164219, 333-183448 and 333-187442) with respect to our ADSs, as amended. In addition, we have filed with the SEC an automatic shelf registration statement on Form F-3 (File Number 333-161067), as amended, and a prospectus under the Securities Act with respect to our ordinary shares represented by our ADSs.

We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F within four months after the end of each fiscal year. Copies of reports and other information, when so filed, may be inspected without charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C., 20549. The public may obtain information regarding the Washington, D.C. Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

We will furnish JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the depositary of our ADSs, with our annual reports, which will include a review of operations and annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and, upon our request, will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders’ meeting received by the depositary from us.

In accordance with Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will post this annual report on Form 20-F on our website at http://www. ir.airnetgroup.cn. In addition, we will provide hardcopies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders and ADS holders upon request.

I.Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

J. Annual Report to Security Holders

We are not required to provide an annual report to security holders in response to the requirements of Form 6-K.

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ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by excess cash, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits. We have not used derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in market interest rates.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Our financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars, which is our reporting and functional currency. However, substantially all of the revenues and expenses of the consolidated affiliated entities are denominated in RMB. Substantially all of our sales contracts are denominated in RMB and substantially all of our costs and expenses are denominated in RMB. We have not had any material foreign exchange gains or losses. Although in general, our exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited, the value of your investment in our ADSs will be affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RMB because the value of the business of our operating subsidiaries and VIEs is effectively denominated in RMB, while the ADSs are traded in U.S. dollars.

The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The PRC government allowed the RMB to appreciate by more than 20% against the U.S. dollar between July 2005 and July 2008. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between RMB and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. As a consequence, the RMB fluctuated significantly during that period against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. Since June 2010, the PRC government has allowed the RMB to appreciate slowly against the U.S. dollar again. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future. We have not used any forward contracts or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.

To the extent that we need to convert our U.S. dollar-denominated assets into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB-denominated cash amounts into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

Inflation

Inflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of our products do not increase with these increased costs.

ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

A.Debt Securities

Not applicable.

B.Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

C.Other Securities

Not applicable.

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D.American Depositary Shares

Fees and Charges Our ADS Holders May Have to Pay

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the depositary of our ADS program, collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay:	For:
$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs)	Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property; cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates
$0.05 (or less) per ADS	Any cash distribution to registered ADS holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs $0.05 (or less) per ADSs per calendar year (if the depositary has not collected any cash distribution fee during that year)	Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to registered ADS holders Depositary services
Expenses of the depositary	Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement); converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars
Registration or transfer fees	Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes	As necessary
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities	As necessary

Fees and Other Payments Made by the Depositary to Us

The depositary has agreed to reimburse us annually for our expenses incurred in connection with investor relationship programs and any other program related to our ADS facility and the travel expense of our key personnel in connection with such programs. The depositary has also agreed to provide additional payments to us based on the applicable performance indicators relating to our ADS facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors. We recognize the reimbursable amounts in other income on our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the contract term with the depositary. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we received nil from the depositary as reimbursement for our expenses incurred.

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PART II

ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITIES HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders

See “Item 10. Additional Information” for a description of the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged.

Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and interim chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act.

Based upon that evaluation, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and interim chief financial officer, has concluded that, due to the material weakness described below, as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file and furnish under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and interim chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management and directors and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of a company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our management, including our chief executive officer and interim chief financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 using the criteria set forth in the report “Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013)” published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (known as COSO).

103

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The following material weakness in internal control over financial reporting has been identified as of December 31, 2022. The material weaknesses as of December 31, 2022 were related to the weak operating effectiveness and lack of monitoring of controls over financial reporting due to inadequate resources or resources with insufficient experience or training in our financial reporting team, internal control team, administration team and human resource team.

Because of the material weakness described above, our management has concluded that we had not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our company’s registered public accounting firm as we are a non-accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. As defined in standards established by the PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weakness identified was related to the weak operating effectiveness and lack of monitoring of controls over financial reporting due to inadequate resources or resources with insufficient experience or training in our financial reporting team, internal control team, administration team and human resource team.

To remediate our identified material weakness, significant deficiency and other control deficiencies in connection with preparation of our consolidated financial statements, we plan to adopt several measures to improve our internal control over financial reporting. For example, during the reporting period, we keep providing regular training seminars to its employees of different capacities, including financial reporting team, administration team and human resource team, to introduce and reinforce the updated controls and procedures; obtained support from an external consultant firm with experienced staff holding the AICPA license with a solid understanding of U.S. GAAP to assist us in the preparation of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022; and assigned our chief counsel and the legal department to oversee the internal control over financial reporting in addition to their usual capacities. With his extensive experience in risk management and a direct access to our board of directors, the chief counsel is capable to provide independent opinions to the performance of internal control over financial reporting.

Other than as described above, no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our board of directors has determined that Songzuo Xiang, a member of our audit committee, is an audit committee financial expert. Songzuo Xiang is an independent director as defined by the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS

Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers, employees and agents, including certain provisions that specifically apply to our chief executive officer, interim chief financial officer, chief operating officer, chief technology officer, presidents, vice presidents and any other persons who perform similar functions for us. We have filed our code of business conduct and ethics as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form F-1 (No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007.

104

ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Audit Alliance LLP, our principal external auditors for the periods indicated. We did not pay any other fees to our auditors during the periods indicated below.

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 31,
	2021		2022
Audit Fees	$	280,000	$	280,000

“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or quarterly review services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by our external auditors, other than those for de minimus services which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit.

ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

Not applicable.

ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 16F.CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

On December 31, 2021, we dismissed Marcum Asia CPAs LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm, and engaged Audit Alliance LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, each effective immediately. The change of our independent auditor was made after careful consideration and evaluation process and was approved by our board of directors and the audit committee of our board on December 31, 2021. The decision was not made due to any disagreements with Marcum Asia CPAs LLP.

The report of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP on our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 did not contain any adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the subsequent interim period through December 31, 2021, (1) there were no disagreements as defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) of Form 20-F with Marcum Asia CPAs LLP on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures that, if not resolved to Marcum Asia CPAs LLP’s satisfaction, would have caused Marcum Asia CPAs LLP to make reference in connection with their opinions to the subject matter of the disagreement; and (2) there were no reportable events as defined in Item 16F (a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F other than (i) the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern; and (ii) the material weaknesses reported by management in Item 15 of our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 6, 2021.

We provided Marcum Asia CPAs LLP with a copy of the foregoing disclosure, and requested that Marcum Asia CPAs LLP furnish us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether it agrees with the above statements, and if not, stating the respects in which it does not agree. We received the requested letter from Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 16.1 to this annual report.

105

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the subsequent interim period through December 31, 2021, neither we nor anyone on behalf of us had consulted with Audit Alliance LLP regarding (1) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our consolidated financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to us that Audit Alliance LLP concluded was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue, (2) any matter that was the subject of a disagreement pursuant to Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) of the instructions to Form 20-F, or (3) any reportable event pursuant to Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of the instructions to Form 20-F.

ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Nasdaq Stock Market rules require each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. They also require each issuer to seek shareholder approval for any establishment of or material amendment to the issuer’s equity compensation plans, including any amendment effecting a repricing of outstanding options or increasing the amount of shares authorized under such plans. However, the rules permit foreign private issuers like us to follow “home country practice” in certain corporate governance matters.

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP, our Cayman Islands counsel, has provided a letter to the Nasdaq Stock Market certifying that under Cayman Islands law, we are not required to hold annual shareholder meetings. We held annual meetings in 2013. No annual general meeting was held since 2014. We may hold additional annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholder approval.

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP has also provided letters to the Nasdaq Stock Market certifying that under Cayman Islands law, we are not required to seek shareholder approval for the establishment of or any material amendments to our equity compensation plans. In 2008, we followed home country practice with respect to our 2007 Option Plan by amending it to permit re-pricings of options without seeking shareholder approval. In 2011 and 2012, we followed home country practice with respect to our 2011 Option Plan and 2012 Option Plan, respectively, by establishing them without seeking shareholder approval.

We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on the above home country practices under Cayman Islands law. Other than the above, we have followed and intend to continue to follow the applicable corporate governance standards under the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 16I.DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES

We have adopted an insider trading policy to promote compliance with applicable securities laws and regulations, including those that prohibit insider trading. This policy applies to all officers, directors, employees and other related individuals of our company. The insider trading policy establishes guidelines and procedures for the following.

1. No Trading. No director, officer or employee of, or consultant or contractor to, our company, and no member of the immediate family or household of any such person, shall engage in any transaction involving a purchase or sale of our company’s securities, including any offer to purchase or offer to sell, during any period commencing with the date that he or she possesses material nonpublic information concerning our company, and ending at the beginning of the trading day following the second date of public disclosure of that information, or at such time as such nonpublic information is no longer material.

2. No Tipping. No Insider shall disclose material nonpublic information to any other person (including family members) where such information may be used by such person to his or her profit by trading in the securities of companies to which such information relates, nor shall such insider or related person make recommendations or express opinions on the basis of material nonpublic information as to trading in our company’s securities.

106

3. Confidentiality. Nonpublic information relating to our company is the property of our company and the unauthorized disclosure of such information is forbidden. In the event any officer, director or employee of our company receives any inquiry from outside, such as a stock analyst, for information (particularly financial results and/or projections) that may be material nonpublic information, the inquiry should be referred to our company’s general counsel, who is responsible for coordinating and overseeing the release of such information to the investing public, analysts and others in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

We are committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethical conduct and have implemented these insider trading policies and procedures to ensure compliance with applicable securities laws and to protect the interests of our shareholders.

107

PART III

ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.

ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The full text of our audited consolidated financial statements begins on page F-2 of this annual report.

ITEM 19.EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
1.1	Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association approved by the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders on May 27, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on May 28, 2019)
2.1	Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
2.2	Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement among the Company, the depositary and holder of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(a) (2) to Post-effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333- 146908), filed with the SEC on November 21, 2022)
2.3	Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement originally dated as of June 7, 2007, as amended and restated on September 27, 2007, among the Company and Shareholders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
2.4*	Description of securities
2.5	Rights Agreement dated August 13, 2020 between AirNet Technology Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on August 13, 2020)
2.6	Forms of Rights Certificate and of Election to Exercise, included in Exhibit A to the Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on August 13, 2020)
4.1	Amended and Restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K filed on December 10, 2009)
4.2	2011 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.49 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 30, 2012)
4.3	2012 Share Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-187442) filed on March 22, 2013)

108

Exhibit Number	Description
4.4	Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and an Executive Officer of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333- 146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.5	Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and an Executive Officer of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333- 146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.6	Investment Framework Agreement dated October 18, 2005, as amended on September 27, 2007, among Man Guo, Qing Xu and CDH China Management Company Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.7	English Translation of Business Cooperation Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) and AirTV United Media & Culture Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.8	English Translation of Amended Power of Attorneys dated November 28, 2008 from the shareholders of Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.9	English Translation of Amended and Restated Technology Development Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333- 146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.10	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 30, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Technology Development Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 30, 2008)
4.11	English Translation of Amended and Restated Technology Support and Service Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333- 146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.12	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 30, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Technology Support and Service Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 30, 2008)

109

Exhibit Number	Description
4.13	English Translation of Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.14	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 28, 2008 to the Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.15	English Translation of Amended and Restated Call Option Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.16	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 28, 2008 to the Amended and Restated Call Option Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.17	English Translation of Amended Power of Attorneys dated November 28, 2008 from the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.32 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.18	English Translation of Technology Development Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.19	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 30, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Technology Development Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 30, 2008)
4.20	English Translation of Technology Support and Service Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333- 146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)

110

Exhibit Number	Description
4.21	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 30, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Technology Support and Service Agreement dated June 14, 2007 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 30, 2008)
4.22	English Translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.23	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 28, 2008 to the Equity Pledge Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd. ) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.38 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.24	English Translation of Call Option Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
4.25	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated November 28, 2008 to the Call Option Agreement dated June 14, 2007 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.40 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.26	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement No. 2 to Call Option Agreement dated May 27, 2010 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.45 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 28, 2010)
4.27	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated October 31, 2008 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.), supplementing the original Loan Agreement dated January 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.41 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.28	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement No. 2 to the Equity Pledge Agreement dated May 27, 2010 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.46 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 28, 2010)

111

Exhibit Number	Description
4.29	English Translation of Power of Attorneys dated April 1, 2008 from the shareholders of Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.42 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.30	English Translation of Technology Development Agreement dated April 1, 2008 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.43 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.31	English Translation of Technology Support and Service Agreement dated April 1, 2008 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.44 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.32	English Translation of Supplementary Agreement dated June 25, 2008 to the Technology Support and Service Agreement dated April 1, 2008 between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.45 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.33	English Translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated April 1, 2008 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.46 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.34	English Translation of Call Option Agreement dated April 1, 2008 among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.47 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 28, 2009)
4.35	English summary of Investment Agreement, dated May 12, 2013, by and among Elec-Tech International Co., Ltd., Beijing AirMedia UC Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd. ) and Beijing Zhongshi Aoyou Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.50 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 25, 2014)
4.36	English summary of Cooperation Agreement for the Establishment of Advertising Company, dated May 2013, by and between Beijing Shengshi Lianhe Advertising Co., Ltd. (currently known as Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.), and Guangzhou Daozheng Advertising Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.51 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 25, 2014)
4.37	English summary of Equity Swap Agreement, dated September 29, 2013, by and between Beijing N-S Digital TV Co., Ltd. and AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.52 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 25, 2014)
4.38	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 29, 2015, by and among the Registrant, AirMedia Holdings Ltd. and AirMedia Merger Company Limited (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of our current report on Form 6-K filed with the Commission on September 30, 2015).

112

Exhibit Number	Description
4.39	English translation of Equity Interest Transfer Agreement in respect of AirMedia Group Co., Ltd., dated June 15, 2015, by and among AirMedia Group Inc. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Man Guo and Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Company. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.39 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.40	English translation of Supplement Agreement of Equity Transfer, dated November 30, 2015, by and among AirMedia Group Inc. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Man Guo and Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Company. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.40 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.41	English translation of Exclusive Technology Consulting and Service Agreement, dated June 5, 2015, by and between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.41 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.42	English translation of Technology Development Agreement, dated June 5, 2015, by and between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.42 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.43	English translation of Technology Support and Service Agreement, dated June 5, 2015, by and between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.43 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.44	English translation of Loan Agreements, dated June 5, 2015, by and between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) and the shareholder of AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.44 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.45	English translation of Exclusive Call Option Agreement, dated June 5, 2015, by and between AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.45 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.46	English translation of Power of Attorney, dated June 5, 2015, by the shareholders of AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.46 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.47	English translation of Equity Pledge Agreements, dated June 5, 2015, by and among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) and the shareholders of AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.47 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)

113

Exhibit Number	Description
4.48	English translation of Supplement Agreement in respect of the Related Agreement Arrangement of Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., dated January 21, 2016, by and among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Man Guo and Qing Xu (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.48 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.49	English translation of Supplement Agreement in respect of the Related Agreement Arrangement of Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd., dated January 21, 2016, by and among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Man Guo and Qing Xu (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.49 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.50	English translation of Supplement Agreement in respect of the Related Agreement Arrangement of AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.), dated March 15, 2016, by and among AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Man Guo, Qing Xu and Tao Hong (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.50 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 16, 2016)
4.51	English translation of Capital Contribution Agreement for the Establishment of Unicom AirNet (Beijing) Network Co. Ltd. by and among AirMedia Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.), Unicom Boardband Online Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Haite Kairong Aeronautical Technology Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.51 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on June 28, 2017)
4.52	English translation of Memorandum on Subsequent Performance of AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. Equity Transfer Agreement and Supplementary Agreement, dated March 28, 2018, by and among AirMedia Group Inc. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), AirMedia Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (currently known as Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Mr. Man Guo, Mr. Qing Xu, Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd., Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership) and AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on March 29, 2018)
4.53	English translation of Supplementary Agreement for the Memorandum Regarding Continued Implementation of the Agreement on Equity Transfer of AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. and its Supplementary Agreement, dated August 23, 2018, by and among AirMedia Group Inc. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), Hangmei United Media Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Hangmei Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Mr. Man Guo, Mr. Qing Xu, Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd., Beijing Cultural Center Development Fund (Limited Partnership) and AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.53 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on October 17, 2018)
4.54	English translation of equity transfer agreement in respect of Airmedia Group Co., Ltd. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), dated November 5, 2018, by and among Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., ltd., Guo Man, Xu Qing, and Jiangsu Hongzhou Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on November 7, 2018)
4.55	English translation of Supplementary Agreement for the Memorandum Regarding Continued Implementation of the Agreement on Equity Transfer of AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. and its Supplementary Agreement, dated November 2018, by and among AirMedia Group Inc. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), Hangmei United Media Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Hangmei Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Mr. Man Guo, Mr. Qing Xu, Beijing Longde Wenchuang Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd., Beijing Cultural Center Development Fund (Limited Partnership) and AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.55 to Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on April 30, 2019)

114

Exhibit Number	Description
4.56	English translation of Supplementary Agreement to Equity Transfer Agreement in respect of AirMedia Group Co., Ltd. (currently known as AirNet Technology Inc.), dated October 30, 2019, by and among Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd., Guo Man, Xu Qing, and Jiangsu Hongzhou Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on November 8, 2019)
4.57	Investment Agreement by and among AirNet Technology Inc., Mr. Man Guo and Unistar Group Holdings Limited dated December 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 6-K furnished on January 4, 2021)
4.58	Investment Agreement by and among AirNet Technology Inc., Mr. Man Guo and Northern Shore Group Limited dated February 4, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 6-K furnished on February 5, 2021)
4.59	Investment Agreement dated as of April 6, 2022 by and among AirNet Technology Inc., Mr. Man Guo, Mrs. Dan Shao and Unistar Group Holdings Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 6-K furnished on April 6, 2022)
4.60	Warrant Agreement dated as of April 6, 2022 by and among AirNet Technology Inc. and Unistar Group Holdings Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Current Report on Form 6-K furnished on April 6, 2022)
4.61	Warrant Agreement dated as of April 6, 2022 by and among AirNet Technology Inc. and Northern Shore Group Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Current Report on Form 6-K furnished on April 6, 2022)
8.1*	List of the Registrant’s subsidiaries
11.1	Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825), as amended, initially filed on October 19, 2007)
11.2*	Insider Trading Policy
12.1*	Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2*	Certification by Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1**	Certifications by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.2**	Certifications by Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
15.1*	Consent of Audit Alliance LLP
15.2*	Consent of Commerce & Finance Law Offices
15.3*	Consent of Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP
15.4*	Consent of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
16.1*	Letter from Marcum Asia CPAs LLP to the Securities and Exchange Commission
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

115

Exhibit Number	Description
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

*Filed herewith

**Furnished with this annual report on Form 20-F

116

SIGNATURE

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

Date: April 28, 2023	AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.
	By: /s/ Dan Shao
	Name: Dan Shao
	Title: Chief Executive Officer

117

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONTENTS	PAGE(S)
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID 3487)	F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID 5395)	F-3
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2021 AND 2022	F-4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022	F-6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022	F-7
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022	F-8
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022	F-9
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	F-11 ~ F-49
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I	F-50 ~ F-52

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of AirNet Technology Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of AirNet Technology Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedule (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2(b) to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and has negative working capital of approximately US$32M as of December 31, 2022. These conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that raise substantial doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note2(b) to the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) related to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

F-1

Going concern

Description of the Matter

 As described in Note 2(b) to consolidated financial statements, the Company has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and has negative working capital of approximately US$32M as of December 31, 2022. These conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that raise substantial doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to strengthen the air travel media network business in order to drive its revenues and bring in cash from operation. Additional computer servers will be placed in service for cryptocurrency mining within next twelve months.   However, there is no assurance that the measures can be achieved as planned.

This significant unusual situation is a critical audit matter as it relates to a material disclosure of going concern and involved complex estimation by management and auditor subjective.

How we Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

 Our principal audit procedures included, among others:

● Obtaining an understanding, and evaluating management’s assessment on whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time;

● Assessing the management’s plans and obtaining sufficient appropriate audit evidence to determine whether or not substantial doubt can be alleviated or still exists;

● Reviewing the relevant disclosures to the consolidated financial statements.

/s/ Audit Alliance LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.

Singapore

April 28, 2023

PCAOB ID Number 3487

F-2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of AirNet Technology Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the year in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2 (b) to consolidated financial statements, the Company has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and has negative working capital of $55,193 as of December 31, 2020 and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note2(b). The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (Formerly Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP)

We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2017 to 2021.

New York, NY

May 6, 2021, except for Note 11 as to which the date is April 28, 2023

F-3

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,569	$	2,700
Accounts receivable, net		2,258		1,421
Prepaid concession fees, net		628		—
Other current assets, net		31,534		65,072
Cryptocurrency, less impairment		659		—
Amount due from related parties		—		601
Total current assets		36,648		69,794
Property and equipment, net		19,302		10,885
Long-term investments, net		39,554		34,083
Long-term deposits, net		513		371
Right-of-use assets		18		16
TOTAL ASSETS	$	96,035	$	115,149
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Short-term loan	$	15,174	$	12,822
Accounts payable		18,365		15,774
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		9,695		11,277
Deferred revenue		3,428		7,745
Consideration received from buyer		31,384		29,000
Payable for earnout commitment		23,939		22,120
Amounts due to related parties		—		1,174
Income tax payable		2,963		1,865
Lease liability, current		8		10
Total current liabilities		104,956		101,787
Non-current liabilities:
Lease liability, non-current		13		9
Total liabilities		104,969		101,796

F-4

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Equity
Ordinary shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)		181		359
Additional paid-in capital		298,685		332,746
Treasury stock (245,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)		(1,148)		(1,148)
Accumulated deficits		(304,904)		(318,239)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		31,685		32,044
Total AirNet Technology Inc.’s shareholders’ equity		24,499		45,762
Non-controlling interests		(33,433)		(32,409)
Total (deficit) equity		(8,934)		13,353
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND (DEFICIT) EQUITY	$	96,035	$	115,149

* The shares and per share information are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the consolidation of ordinary shares (Note 11).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Revenues	$	23,546	$	11,796	$	2,969
Business tax and other sales tax		(112)		(119)		(101)
Net revenues		23,434		11,677		2,868
Less: Cost of revenues		19,588		14,775		5,223
Gross profit (loss)		3,846		(3,098)		(2,355)
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		2,533		1,978		1,411
General and administrative		9,807		8,533		5,752
Research and development		724		365		35
Impairment of equipment		—		—		4,526
Total operating expenses		13,064		10,876		11,724
Loss from operations		(9,218)		(13,974)		(14,079)
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense, net		(742)		(1,120)		(911)
Loss from and impairment on long-term investments		(2,947)		(2,990)		(2,670)
Other income, net		9,120		581		5,366
Total other income (expense)		5,431		(3,529)		1,785
Loss before income taxes		(3,787)		(17,503)		(12,294)
Income tax (benefits) expenses		(10,235)		284		17
Net income (loss)		6,448		(17,787)		(12,311)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests		(1,079)		(452)		1,024
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.’s shareholders	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)
Net income (loss) per ADS
Basic and diluted.	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per ordinary share
Basic and diluted		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Weighted average ADS used in calculating net loss per ADS
Basic and diluted		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348

* The shares and per share information are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the consolidation of ordinary shares (Note 11).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-6

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In U.S. dollars in thousands)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net income (loss)	$	6,448	$	(17,787)	$	(12,311)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax of nil:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(384)		377		359
Comprehensive income (loss)		6,064		(17,410)		(11,952)
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(1,079)		(452)		1,024
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.'s shareholders	$	7,143	$	(16,958)	$	(12,976)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-7

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

												Total
										Accumulated		AirNet Technology
	Ordinary shares			Additional						other		Inc.'s		Non-
				paid-in		Treasury		Accumulated		comprehensive		shareholders'		controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		capital		stock		deficits		income		equity		interests		(Deficit) Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2020	3,738,527		152		288,879		(2,351)		(286,365)		31,308		31,623		(32,981)		(1,358)
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation	25,989		1		—		1,203		(1,204)		—		—		—		—
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	710,320		28		8,922		—		—		—		8,950		—		8,950
Share-based compensation	—		—		186		—		—		—		186		—		186
Capital contribution	—		—		698		—		—		—		698		—		698
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		377		377		—		377
Net (loss) income	—		—		—		—		(17,335)		—		(17,335)		(452)		(17,787)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	4,474,836		181		298,685		(1,148)		(304,904)		31,685		24,499		(33,433)		(8,934)
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	4,448,851		178		34,001		—		—		—		34,179		—		34,179
Share-based compensation	—		—		60		—		—		—		60		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		359		359		—		359
Net (loss) income	—		—		—		—		(13,335)		—		(13,335)		1,024		(12,311)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	8,923,687		359		332,746		(1,148)		(318,239)		32,044		45,762		(32,409)		13,353

* The shares and per share information are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the consolidation of ordinary shares (Note 11).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-8

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In U.S. dollars in thousands)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	6,448	$	(17,787)	$	(12,311)
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Bad debt provisions		412		258		100
Depreciation and amortization		1,334		3,954		2,836
Amortization of right-of-use asset		946		571		17
Impairment of fixed assets and crypotcurrencies		—		—		4,510
Share-based compensation		186		186		60
Loss from and impairment on long-term investments		2,947		2,990		2,670
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		13		—		—
Cost of non-deductible input VAT that generated in prior years		1,318		521		27
Other income on concession payable waived		(563)		—		—
Other income on disposal of subsidiaries		(8,974)		—		—
Income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)		—		—
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(1,717)		7,882		737
Prepaid concession fees		724		(628)		628
Other current assets		(606)		547		614
Cryptocurrency, less impairment				(659)		228
Long-term deposits		499		(131)		142
Amount due from related parties		1		27		—
Accounts payable		1,075		(3,846)		(2,591)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		141		620		(331)
Deferred revenue		(327)		839		4,317
Amount due to related parties		821		—		76
Income tax payable		1,391		571		(1,098)
Lease liabilities		(559)		(890)		(17)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(5,555)		(4,975)		614
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment		(2,805)		(83)		—
Proceeds from disposal of equity investment		7,245		—		—
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries		—		435		—
Net cash provided by investing activities		4,440		352		—
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Cash received from short-term bank loans		5,217		18,938		10,745
Cash repaid for short-term bank loans		—		(6,762)		(11,942)
Cash repaid for long-term loan		(145)		(2,605)		—
Cash repaid to third party		—		(18,171)		(537)
Cash received from loans due to related parties		—		—		1,098
Cash received from loans due to third parties		—		—		2,449
Loans provided to related parties		—		—		(601)
Cash repaid for loan due to related parties		(1,849)		(1,531)		—
Capital contribution from non-controlling interest		1,449		698		—
Financing received from the third parties		14,492		—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		19,164		(9,433)		1,212
Effect of exchange rate changes		690		367		(833)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		14,651		(14,041)		1,131
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year		959		15,610		1,569
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	$	15,610	$	1,569	$	2,700
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Income tax paid	$	16	$	72	$	12
Interests paid	$	326	$	784	$	838
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	$	2,531	$	8,950	$	34,179
Dividend from a RPT to settle the payable to that RPT		679		—		—
Recognition of right-of-use and lease payment liability	$	59	$	94	$	—

F-9

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	As of December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	283	$	1,569	$	2,700
Restricted cash		15,327		—		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	15,610	$	1,569	$	2,700

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-10

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.           ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Introduction of the Group

AirNet Technology Inc. (“AirNet” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 12, 2007.

AirNet, its subsidiaries, through its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and VIEs’ subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) to operate its out-of-home advertising network, primarily air travel advertising network, in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). And the Company conducts the cryptocurrencies mining business operations by its Hong Kong subsidiary Blockchain Dynamics Limited.

The Group provides advertising time slots in the form of digital TV screens on airplanes, and media contents display in air travel. Collaborating with the Group’s partners, AirNet serves airline travelers with interactive entertainment and a coverage of breaking news, and furnishes corporate clients with advertisements tailored to the perceptions of the travelers.

The Group generates revenue from the cryptocurrency earns through its mining activities.

F-11

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

Introduction of the Group – continued

As of issuance date of this report, details of the Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows:

	Date of		Percentage
	incorporation/	Place of	of legal
Name	acquisition	incorporation	ownership
Intermediate Holding Company:
Broad Cosmos Enterprises Ltd. (“Broad Cosmos”)	June 26, 2006	British Virgin Islands ("BVI")	100
AirNet International Limited ("AirNet International")	July 14, 2007	BVI	100
AirNet (China) Limited ("AN China")	August 5, 2005	Hong Kong	100
Subsidiaries:
Blockchain Dynamics Limited	January 11, 2021	Hong Kong	100
Energy Bytes Inc.	January 21, 2022	United States	100
Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Chuangyi Technology")	September 19, 2005	the PRC	100
Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Yuehang")	June 6, 2006	the PRC	100
Xi’an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xi’an Shengshi")	December 31, 2007	the PRC	100
VIEs:
Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Linghang Shengshi ")	August 7, 2005	the PRC	N/A
Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.(“Iwanfan”)	May 6, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Online")	April 30, 2015	the PRC	N/A
VIEs’ subsidiaries:
Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Yuehang")	January 16, 2008	the PRC	N/A
Beijing AirNet Pictures Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Pictures")	September 13, 2007	the PRC	N/A
Wenzhou Yuehang Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Wenzhou Yuehang")	October 17, 2008	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Dongding Gongyi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Dongding")	February 1, 2010	the PRC	N/A
Guangzhou Meizheng Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Guangzhou Meizheng")	May 17, 2013	the PRC	N/A
Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Air Esurfing")	September 25, 2013	the PRC	N/A
Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Linghang")	April 23, 2015	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Pictures Co., Ltd. ("Wangfan Jiaming")	December 31, 2015	the PRC	N/A
Meizheng Network Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Meizheng Network”)	August 8, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co.,Ltd. ("Jiaming Advertising")	January 1, 2007	the PRC	N/A
Shandong Airmedia Cheweishi Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shangdong Cheweishi”)	July 21, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Dingsheng Ruizhi (Beijing) Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Dingsheng Ruizhi”)	May 25, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Zhongying E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Zhongying”)	May 17, 2018	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Airport United Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Airport United”)	June 19, 2018	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Sunshine (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Yuehang Asset”)	January 18, 2019	the PRC	N/A
Air Joy Media Private Limited (“Air Joy”)	November 15, 2019	Singapore	N/A

F-12

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements

Chinese regulations currently limit foreign ownership of companies that provide advertising services, including out-of-home television advertising services. Since December 30, 2005, foreign investors have been permitted to own directly 100% interest in PRC advertising companies if the foreign investor has at least three years of direct operations of advertising business outside of the PRC.

One of the Company’s subsidiary, AN China, the 100% shareholder of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang, and Xi’an Shengshi, has been engaged in the advertising business in Hong Kong since September 2008.

The Group conducts substantially all of its activities through VIEs, i.e. Linghang Shengshi, Iwanfan and AirNet Online, and the VIEs’ subsidiaries. The VIEs have entered into the following series of agreements with Chuangyi Technology:

● Technology support and service agreement: Chuangyi Technology provides exclusive technology support and consulting services to the VIEs and in return, the VIEs are required to pay Chuangyi Technology service fees. The VIEs pay to Chuangyi Technology annual service fees in the amount that guarantee that the VIEs can achieve, after deducting such service fees payable to Chuangyi Technology, a net cost-plus rate of no less than 0.5% in the case of Linghang Shengshi, and Jiaming Advertising, or 1.0% in the case of Beijing Yuehang, which final rate should be determined by Chuangyi Technology. The “net cost-plus rate” refers to the operating profit as a percentage of total costs and expenses of a certain entity. The technology support and service fees for each given year payable by AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology under AirNet Online’s technology support and service agreement shall be determined by AirNet Online and Chuangyi Technology at the first month of such year taking into account several factors. Those factors include the credential of the team of Chuangyi Technology that provides services to AirNet Online, the number of service hours, the nature and value of the services provided by Chuangyi Technology, the extent to which Chuangyi Technology provides patent or other license to AirNet Online in its provision of technology support and service and the correlation between AirNet Online’s results of operations and the technology support and service provided by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fee. The technology support and service agreements are effective for ten years and such term is automatically renewed upon its expiry unless either party informs the other party of its intention of no extension at least twenty days prior to the expiration of the agreements.

F-13

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

● Technology development agreement: VIEs exclusively engaged Chuangyi Technology to provide technology development services. Chuangyi Technology owns the intellectual property rights developed in the performance of these agreements. Except for AirNet Online, the VIEs pay to Chuangyi Technology annual service fees in the amount that guarantee that the VIEs can achieve, after deducting such service fees payable to Chuangyi Technology, a net cost-plus rate of no less than 0.5% in the case of Linghang Shengshi, and Jiaming Advertising, which final rate should be determined by Chuangyi Technology. It is at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion that the rate and amount of fees ultimately charged the VIEs under these agreements are determined. The “net cost-plus rate” refers to the operating profit as a percentage of total costs and expenses of a certain entity. The technology development fees for each given year payable by AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology under AirNet Online’s technology development agreement shall be determined by AirNet Online and Chuangyi Technology at the first month of such year taking into account several factors. Those factors include the credential of the team of Chuangyi Technology that provides services to AirNet Online, the number of service hours, the nature and value of the services provided by Chuangyi Technology, the extent to which Chuangyi Technology provides patent or other license to AirNet Online in its provision of technology development service and the correlation between AirNet Online’s results of operations and the technology development service provided by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fee. The technology development agreements are effective for ten years and such terms is automatically renewed upon its expiry unless either party informs the other party of its intention of no extension at least twenty days prior to the expiration of the agreements.

● Exclusive Technology Consultation and Service Agreement: AirNet Online exclusively engages Chuangyi Technology to provide consultation services in relation to management, training, marketing and promotion. AirNet Online agrees to pay to Chuangyi Technology the amount of annual service fees as determined by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fees. The exclusive technology consultation and service agreement remains effective for ten years and such term may be reviewed by Chuangyi Technology’s written confirmation prior to the expiration of the agreement term.

F-14

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

● Call option agreement : Under the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of Linghang Shengshi, Beijing Yuehang and Jiaming Advertising, the shareholders of those VIEs irrevocably granted Chuangyi Technology or its designated third party an exclusive option to purchase from the VIEs’ shareholders, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all the equity interests in the VIEs, as the case may be, for the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable law without any other conditions. Under the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of AirNet Online, the shareholders of AirNet Online irrevocably granted Chuangyi Technology or its designated third party an exclusive option to purchase from the shareholders of AirNet Online, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all the equity interests in AirNet Online, as the case may be. To the extent the applicable PRC law does not require the valuation of the subject equity interests and does not otherwise restrict the purchase price for such equity interests, such purchase price shall equal the amount of actual payment made by the respective shareholders of AirNet Online with respect to the equity interests whether in the form or share capital injection or secondary purchase price. If and where the applicable PRC law requires the valuation of the subject equity interests or otherwise has restrictions on the purchase price for such equity interests, such purchase price shall equal the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable law. In addition, under these agreements (except for the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of AirNet Online), Chuangyi Technology has undertaken to act as guarantor of VIEs in all operations-related contracts, agreements and transactions and commit to provide loans to support the business development needs of VIEs or if the VIEs suffer operating difficulties, provided that the relevant VIE’s shareholders satisfy the terms and conditions in the call option agreements. Under PRC laws, to provide an effective guarantee, a guarantor needs to execute a specific written agreement with the beneficiary of the guarantee. As Chuangyi Technology has not entered into any written guarantee agreements with any third-party beneficiaries to guarantee the VIEs’ performance obligations to these third parties, none of these third parties can demand performance from Chuangyi Technology as a guarantor of the VIEs’ performance obligations. The absence of a written guarantee agreement, however, does not affect the conclusion that the Group is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and in turn should consolidate the financials of the VIEs. The term of each call option agreement is ten years and such terms can be renewed upon expiration at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion.

● Equity pledge agreement: Under the equity pledge agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of the Group’s VIEs other than AirNet Online, the shareholders of those VIEs pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in those VIEs to Chuangyi Technology to guarantee those VIEs’ performance of their obligations under the technology support and service agreement and the technology development agreement. Under the equity pledge agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of AirNet Online, the shareholders of AirNet Online pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology to guarantee the performance by AirNet Online of its obligations under its call option agreement and its exclusive technology consultation and service agreement. If the VIEs fail to perform their obligations set forth in the applicable agreements, Chuangyi Technology shall be entitled to exercise all the remedies and powers set forth in the provisions of the applicable equity pledge agreements. Those agreements remain effective for as long as the technology support and service agreements and technology development agreement are effective, or, in the case of AirNet Online, until two years after the term of the obligations under the call option agreement and exclusive technology consultation and service agreement.

F-15

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

● Authorization letter: Each shareholder of the VIEs has executed an authorization letter to authorize Chuangyi Technology to exercise certain of its rights, including voting rights, the rights to enter into legal documents and the rights to transfer any or all of its equity interest in the VIEs. The authorization letters by the shareholders of the Group’s VIEs other than AirNet Online will remain effective during the operating periods of the respective VIEs. Such authorization is effective for ten years and such term is renewed upon its expiry at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion. The authorization letters by the shareholders of AirNet Online will remain effective for as long as the respective parties remain shareholders of AirNet Online unless terminated earlier by Chuangyi Technology or the call option agreement with respect to AirNet Online is terminated prior to its expiration.

Through the above contractual arrangements, Chuangyi Technology has obtained 100% of shareholders’ voting interest in the VIEs, has the right to receive all dividends declared and paid by the VIEs and may receive substantially all of the net income of the VIEs through the technical support and service fees as determined by Chuangyi Technology at its sole discretion. Accordingly, the Group has consolidated the VIEs because the Group believes, through the contractual arrangements, (1) Chuangyi Technology could direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly affect its economic performance and (2) Chuangyi Technology could receive substantially all of the benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIEs. Other than the contractual arrangements described above, because the management and certain employees of Chuangyi Technology also serve in the VIEs as management or employees, certain operating costs paid by Chuangyi Technology, such as payroll costs and office rental, were re-charged to the VIEs.

Chuangyi Technology also entered into loan agreements with each shareholder of AirNet Online, pursuant to which Chuangyi Technology permits to make loans in an aggregate amount of RMB 50,000 to the shareholders of AirNet Online solely for the incorporation and capitalization of AirNet Online. The loan is interest free and the term of the loan is ten years and shall be automatically renewed on an annual basis unless Chuangyi Technology objects. Chuangyi Technology can require the shareholders to repay all or a portion of the loan before the maturity date with a 15 days prior written notice. Under such circumstances, Chuangyi Technology is entitled to, or designate a third party to, buy all or a portion of the shareholders’ equity interests in AirNet Online on a pro rata basis based on the amount of the repaid principal of the loan.

Risks in relation to the VIE structure

The Group believes that the VIE arrangements are in compliance with PRC law and are legally enforceable. The shareholders of the VIEs are also shareholders of the Group and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the contractual arrangements. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Group’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and if the shareholders of the VIEs were to reduce their interest in the Group, their interests may diverge from that of the Group and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms, for example by influencing the VIEs not to pay the service fees when required to do so.

The Group’s ability to control the VIEs also depends on the authorization letters that Chuangyi Technology has to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, the Group believes the rights granted by the authorization letters is legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

F-16

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

Risks in relation to the VIE structure - continued

In addition, if the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:

● revoke the business and operating licenses of the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and affiliates;

● discontinue or restricting the Group’s PRC subsidiaries’ and affiliates’ operations;

● impose conditions or requirements with which the Group or its PRC subsidiaries and affiliates may not be able to comply; or

● require the Group or its PRC subsidiaries and affiliates to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations;

The imposition of any of these penalties may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct the Group’s business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes the Group to lose the rights to direct the activities of the VIEs and its subsidiaries or the right to receive their economic benefits, the Group would no longer be able to consolidate the VIEs. The Group does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC Government would result in the liquidation of the Group, Chuangyi Technology, or the VIEs.

Certain shareholders of VIEs are also beneficial owners or directors of the Company. In addition, certain beneficial owners and directors of the Company are also directors or officers of VIEs. Their interests as beneficial owners of VIEs may differ from the interests of the Company as a whole. The Company cannot be certain that if conflicts of interest arise, these parties will act in the best interests of the Company or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in the Company’s favor. Currently, the Company does not have existing arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest these parties may encounter in their capacity as beneficial owners of VIEs, on the one hand, and as beneficial owners of the Company, on the other hand. The Company believes the shareholders of VIEs will not act contrary to any of the contractual arrangements and the exclusive purchase right contract provides the Company with a mechanism to remove them as shareholders of VIEs should they act to the detriment of the Company. If any conflict of interest or dispute between the Company and the shareholders of VIEs arises and the Company is unable to resolve it, the Company would have to rely on legal proceedings in the PRC. Such legal proceedings could result in disruption of its business; moreover, there is substantial uncertainty as to the ultimate outcome of any such legal proceedings.

F-17

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

The following financial statement information for AirNet’s VIEs were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, presented net of intercompany eliminations, as of and for the years ended December 31:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Total current assets	$	29,093	$	38,369
Total non-current assets		53,744		44,476
Total assets		82,837		82,845
Total current liabilities		350,652		345,450
Total non-current liabilities		13		9
Total liabilities	$	350,665	$	345,459

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net revenues	$	23,434	$	9,075	$	2,867
Net income (loss)		7,672		(15,726)		(2,482)
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,681)		(5,231)		1,729
Net cash provided by investing activities		352		—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		19,164		(9,433)		1,212

The VIEs contributed an aggregate of 100.0%, 77.7% and 96.6% of the consolidated net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the VIEs accounted for an aggregate of 86.3% and 71.5%, respectively, of the consolidated total assets, and 71.5% and 69.3%, respectively, of the consolidated total liabilities.

There are no consolidated VIEs’ assets that are collateral for the VIEs’ obligations and can only be used to settle the VIEs’ obligations. There are no creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the VIEs that have recourse to the general credit of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, which require the Company or its subsidiaries to provide financial support to the VIEs. However, if the VIEs ever need financial support, the Company or its subsidiaries may, at its option and subject to statutory limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIEs through loans to the shareholder of the VIEs or entrustment loans to the VIEs.

F-18

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

On December 23, 2018, the State Council submitted the draft version of the Foreign Investment Law to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, which was promulgated by the National People’s Congress on its official site on December 26, 2018 for public consultation until February 24, 2019. On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which On December 23, 2018, the PRC State Council submitted the draft version of the Foreign Investment Law to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, which was promulgated by the National People’s Congress on its official site on December 26, 2018 for public consultation until February 24, 2019. On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a)         Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

(b)          Going concern

The Group has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and has negative working capital of $31,994 as of December 31, 2022.These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Group plans to strengthen the air travel media network business to drive its revenues and bring in cash from operation. In addition, additional computer servers will be placed in service for cryptocurrency minning within next twelve months. However, there is no assurance that the measures above can be achieved as planned. Nevertheless, management prepared the consolidated financial statements assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

(c)         Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, its VIEs and its VIEs’ subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

F-19

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(d)          Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and accompanying notes, including allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-term investments, impairment of long-lived assets, share-based compensation and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(e)          Significant risks and uncertainties

The Group participates in a dynamic industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows: net losses in the past and futures; failure in launching new business; a significant or prolonged economic downturn; contraction in the air travel advertising industry in China; competition from other competitors; regulatory or other PRC related factors; fluctuations in the demand for air travel; past and future acquisitions; failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and effective disclosure controls and procedures; risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth; risks associated with the Group’s growth strategies; and general risks associated with the industry.

(f)         Fair value

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

F-20

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(f)         Fair value - continued

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

(g)          Fair value of financial instruments

The Group’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, cryptocurrency, amount due from related parties, amount due to related parties and accounts payable. The Group did not have any other financial assets and liabilities or nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

The Group’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include equity investment and long-lived assets based on level 2 or 3 inputs.

(h)          Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid deposits which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

F-21

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(i)          Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies are included in current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Group through its mining activities are accounted for in connection with the Group’s revenue recognition policy disclosed below.

Cryptocurrencies held are accounted for as intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized but assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently, when events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, which is measured using the quoted price of the cryptocurrency at the time its fair value is being measured. In testing for impairment, the Group has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is determined that it is not more likely than not that an impairment exists, a quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If the Group concludes otherwise, it is required to perform a quantitative impairment test. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted.

Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Group through its mining activities are included within operating activities on the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The sales of cryptocurrencies are included within investing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows and any realized gains or losses from such sales are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. The Group accounts for its gains or losses in accordance with the first in first out (FIFO) method of accounting.

(j)          Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Group adopted ASC 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit. Management used an expected credit loss model for the impairment of trading receivables as of period ends. Management believes the aging of accounts receivable is a reasonable parameter to estimate expected credit loss, and determines expected credit losses for accounts receivables using an aging schedule as of period ends. The expected credit loss rates under each aging schedule were developed on basis of the average historical loss rates from previous years, and adjusted to reflect the effects of those differences in current conditions and forecasted changes. Management measured the expected credit losses of accounts receivable on a collective basis. When an accounts receivable does not share risk characteristics with other accounts receivables, management will evaluate such accounts receivable for expected credit loss on an individual basis. Doubtful accounts balances are written off and deducted from allowance, when receivables are deemed uncollectible, after all collection efforts have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

F-22

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(k)          Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Digital display network equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixture	5 years
Computer and office equipment	3‑5 years
Vehicle	5 years
Software	5 years
Office property	40 years
Leasehold improvement	Shorter of the term of the lease
	or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements that extend the useful life are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period.

(l)          Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets held and used by the Group are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. It is possible that these assets could become impaired as a result of technology, economy or other industry changes. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Group first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, relief from royalty income approach, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

The Group makes various assumptions and estimates regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values of the respective assets. The assumptions and estimates used to determine future values and remaining useful lives of long-lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as the Group’s business strategy and its forecasts for specific market expansion.

As of December 31, 2022, the net carrying amount of long-lived assets consisted of right of use asset of $16 and property and equipment of $10,885. The property and equipment mainly included office building located in the center of Beijing of $9,324. Due to downtown of the cryptocurrency market, the Company provided fully impairment for the computer servers for cryptocurrency mining with an amount of $4,079.

F-23

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(m)          Long-term investments

Equity method investments

Investee companies over which the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest are accounted for using the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Group has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, and other factors, such as representation on the investee’s Board of Directors, voting rights and the impact of commercial arrangements, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate.

Equity investments without readily determinable fair values

For investments in an investee over which the Group does not have significant influence, the Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes income as any dividends declared from distribution of investee’s earnings. The Group reviews the equity investments without readily determinable fair values for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may no longer be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment’s carrying amount and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. All equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those resulting in the consolidation of the investee, be accounted for at fair value with all fair value changes recognized in income. For equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values the Group measures the equity investment at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the Group.

Impairment for long-term investments

The Group assesses its long-term investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the companies, including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other company-specific information. The fair value determination, particularly for investments in privately-held companies, requires significant judgment to determine appropriate estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investments and determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income equal to the excess of the investment’s carrying value over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of such investment.

F-24

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(n)          Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim periods) beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Group has adopted the Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard to leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

The Group leases its offices, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Under Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) on the commencement date: (i) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

At the commencement date, the Group recognizes the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. The right-of-use asset is recognized initially at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. No impairment for right-of-use lease assets as of December 31, 2022.

The Group’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

(o)          Revenue recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, applying the modified retrospective method. The adoption did not result in a material adjustment to the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018.

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Group’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how much revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Group performs the following five-step analysis: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Group’s contract with customers do not include multiple performance obligations, significant financing component and any variable consideration.

F-25

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(o)          Revenue recognition - continued

The Group is a principal as it controls the specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. The Group is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good or service, has inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer and has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service.

Generally, the Group recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606 for each type of its performance obligation either over time (generally, the transfer of a service) or at a point in time (generally, the transfer of content) as follows:

The Group’s revenues are mainly derived from selling advertising time slots on the Group’s advertising networks and cryptocurrency mining.

Revenue by service categories

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Revenues from operations:
Air Travel Media Network	$	23,474	$	9,191	$	2,768
Cryptocurrency mining		—		2,604		—
Others		72		1		201
	$	23,546	$	11,796	$	2,969

Air Travel Media Network: Revenues are generated from advertising and programming on airplanes. There are also other revenues from the display of media content in air travel.

For the advertising business, the Group typically signs standard contracts with its advertising clients, who require the Group to run the client’s advertisements for a fixed fee on airlines the Group’s contracts with for a specified time period. The Group recognizes advertising revenues ratably over the service period for which the advertisements are displayed, so long as collection remains probable.

The Group also generates revenue from programs that are run on airlines for a period of time. The Group signs standard contracts with the customer who has the copyright of movies or TV programs and requires the Group to play the program for a fixed fee on airlines for a specified time The Group recognizes program display revenues ratably over the performance period for which the program is played, so long as collection remains probable.

It also consisted the revenue through other media network such as on-train and on long-haul bus Wi-Fi network and self-owned and third parties’ public accounts, the Group provides Wechat public account promotion and advertising and promotion articles publishing services. For the public account promotion business, the passengers in the trains could connect to Wi-Fi for free via the Group’s Wi-Fi equipment after registered as a member to that public account as a follower in WeChat. The Group charges a fix rate per new member and collects service fee from the client who owns the public accounts.

F-26

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(o)          Revenue recognition - continued

Cryptocurrency mining: The Group has entered into digital asset mining pools by executing contracts with the mining pool operators to provide computing power to the mining pool. In exchange for providing computing power, the Group is entitled to a fractional share of the fixed cryptocurrency award the mining pool operator receives for successfully adding a block to the blockchain. The Group’s fractional share is based on the proportion of computing power the Group contributed to the mining pool operator to the total computing power contributed by all mining pool participants in solving the current algorithm.

The provision of providing such computing power is the only performance obligation in the Group’s contracts with mining pool operators. The transaction consideration the Group receives, if any, is noncash consideration, which the Group measures at fair value on the date received, which is not materially different than the fair value at contract inception or the time the Group has earned the award from the pools. The consideration is all variable. Because it is not probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur, the consideration is constrained until the mining pool operator successfully places a block and the Group receives confirmation of the consideration it will receive, at which time revenue is recognized. There is no significant financing component in these transactions.

Fair value of the cryptocurrency award received is determined using the quoted price of the related cryptocurrency at the time of receipt. There is currently no specific definitive guidance under GAAP or alternative accounting framework for the accounting for cryptocurrencies recognized as revenue or held, and management has exercised significant judgment in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. In the event authoritative guidance is enacted by the FASB, the Group may be required to change its policies, which could have an effect on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results from operations.

For the advertising and promotion articles publishing business, the group has developed a public accounts pool which have already accumulated hundreds and thousands of registered users (there are both self-owned and third parties’ public accounts). Wechat public account promotion through on-train Wi-Fi network was ceased in 2019 and no revenue was generated from Wechat public account promotion through Wi-Fi network in following years. The Group still generated immaterial revenue in other self-owned and third parties’ public accounts.

Deferred revenue

Prepayments from customers for advertising service are deferred when corresponding performance obligation is not satisfied and recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered. The balance of deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 is $7,745, the majority of which is $5,295 for the unsatisfied performance obligation with two customers with contracts amount of $5,536.

Nonmonetary exchanges

The Group occasionally exchanges advertising time slots and locations with other entities for assets or services, such as equipment and other assets. The amount of assets and revenue recognized is based on the fair value of the advertising provided or the fair value of the transferred assets, whichever is more readily determinable.

F-27

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(o)          Revenue recognition - continued

Nonmonetary exchanges - continued

In 2019 the Group also entered into a contract with Beijing Kingsoft Co., Ltd.(“Kingsoft”) to provide advertising services in exchange for office software and recognized revenue of $431. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has received the office software and accounted it as property and equipment, while a deferred revenue was accrued in the meantime as the agreed advertising services has not been provided. As of December 31, 2020, the advertising services have not been provided as Kingsoft did not require the advertising service considering the low efficiency of advertisement due to the impact from COVID-19. No direct costs are attributable to the revenues. There was no revenue recognized for nonmonetary transactions for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.

(p)          Value Added Tax (“VAT”)

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value-added taxes at a rate of 6% on revenues and paid after deducting input VAT on purchases. The net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is reflected in the account as input VAT receivable or other taxes payable. The Group’s gross revenue is presented net of VAT. As of December 31, 2022, the Group assessed the recoverability of estimated input VAT that was generated in prior year and recognized a cost of non-deductible input VAT that was generated in prior years of $27 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(q)          Concession fees

The Group enters concession right agreements with vendors such as airlines and railway bureaus, under which the Group obtains the right to use the spaces or equipment of the vendors to display the advertisements.

Fees under concession right agreements are usually due every three, six or twelve months. Payments made are recorded as current assets and current liabilities according to the respective payment terms. Most of the concession fees with airlines and railway bureaus are fixed with escalation, which means a fixed increase over each year of the agreements. The total concession fee under the concession right agreements with airlines is charged to the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the agreement periods, which is generally between three to five years.

(r)          Agency fees and Advertisement Publishing Fees

The Group pays fees to advertising agencies for identifying and introducing advertisers to the Group and assisting in advertisement publishing based on a certain percentage of revenues made through the advertisement agencies upon receipt of payment from advertisers. The agency fees and advertisement publishing fees are charged to cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations ratably over the period in which the advertisement is displayed. Prepaid and accrued agency fees and advertisement publishing fees are recorded as current assets and current liabilities according to relative timing of payments made and advertising service provided.

(s)          Advertising costs

The Group expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expenses were $201, $143 and $24 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, and have been included as part of selling and marketing expenses.

F-28

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(t)          Foreign currency translation

The functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong are the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”). The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Renminbi (“RMB”), which are the functional currency of these entities.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.

The Group’s entities with functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.

(u)          Income taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Group as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.

The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, the Group classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of the income tax expense. According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB 100 thousand. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. According to Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, the statute of limitation is six years if any company chargeable with tax has not been assessed or has been assessed at less than the proper amount, the statute of limitation is extended to 10 years if the underpayment of taxes is due to fraud or willful evasion.

The Group evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2022, the Group had no uncertain tax positions that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate.

The Group is not currently under examination by any income taxing authority, nor has it been notified of an impending examination. As of December 31, 2022, income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2021 remain open for statutory examination.

F-29

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(v)          Share-based payments

Share-based payment transactions with employees are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument issued, and recognized as compensation expenses over the requisite service periods based on a straight-line method, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.

Share-based payment transactions with non-employees are measured based on the fair value of the options on the measurement date as of each reporting date and recognized as expense over the requisite service periods on a straight-line method subject to adjustments in fair value, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.

(w)          Comprehensive (loss) income

Comprehensive (loss) income includes net (loss) income and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

(x)          Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Group places their cash with financial institutions with high-credit rating and quality in China. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, there are two and three customers accounting for 10% or more of total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, there are three and two customer accounting for 10% or more of total accounts receivables, respectively.

(y)          Net income(loss) per share

Basic net income (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income(loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income(loss) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. Potential common shares in the diluted net income(loss) per share computation are excluded in periods of losses, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

(z)       Recent issued accounting standards

Recently issued ASUs by the FASB are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

F-30

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

3.           SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS

The Group has organized its operations into two operating segments. The segments reflect the way the Group evaluates its business performance and manages its operations by the Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance. The Group’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group.

The Group has determined that it operates in two operating segments: (1) cryptocurrency mining, and (2) selling advertising time slots on their network, primarily air travel advertising network throughout PRC. The Group’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.

The following tables present the summary of each reportable segment’s revenue and income, which is considered as a segment operating performance measure, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022:

	For the year ended December 31, 2020
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining		Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	23,546		$	—	$	23,546		$	—	$	23,546
Depreciation and amortization	$	(1,334)		$	—	$	(1,334)		$	—	$	(1,334)
Segment gross profit	$	3,846		$	—	$	3,846		$	—	$	3,846
Segment gross profit margin		16	%		—		16	%		—		16	%

	For the year ended December 31, 2021
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining			Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	9,192		$	2,604		$	11,796		$	—	$	11,796
Depreciation and amortization	$	(1,191)		$	(2,763)		$	(3,954)		$	—	$	(3,954)
Segment gross loss	$	(2,822)		$	(276)		$	(3,098)		$	—	$	(3,098)
Segment gross profit margin		(31)	%		(11)	%		(26)	%		—		(26)	%

	For the year ended December 31, 2022
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining			Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	2,969		$	—		$	2,969		$	—	$	2,969
Depreciation and amortization	$	(808)		$	(2,028)		$	(2,836)		$	—	$	(2,836)
Segment gross loss	$	(442)		$	(1,914)		$	(2,355)		$	—	$	(2,355)
Segment gross profit margin		(15)	%		0	%		(79)	%		—		(79)	%

F-31

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

4.           ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Accounts receivable, gross	$	5,408	$	4,311
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(3,150)		(2,890)
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,258	$	1,421

Movement of allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Beginning of year	$	5,437	$	3,797	$	3,150
Addition		524		234		100
Reverse		(144)		(875)		(380)
Disposal of subsidiaries		(2,276)		—		—
Exchange rate adjustment		256		(6)		20
End of year	$	3,797	$	3,150	$	2,890

F-32

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

5.           OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET

Other current assets, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021						2022
	Gross		Allowance		Net		Gross		Allowance		Net
Receivable from third party (i)	$	27,107	$	(21,862)	$	5,245	$	29,346	$	(20,002)	$	9,344
Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries (ii)		23,257	$	(8,545)	$	14,712		22,840	$	(7,896)	$	14,944
Input VAT receivable(iii)		5,379		—		5,379		3,296		—		3,296
Other prepaid expenses		4,223		(3,089)		1,134		3,917		(2,490)		1,427
Short-term deposits		3,980		—		3,980		1,102		—		1,102
Prepaid selling and marketing fees		983		(448)		535		533		(319)		214
Receivable from Non-controlling shareholders		736		(736)		—		709		(709)		—
Prepaid individual income tax and other employee advances		510		(166)		344		500		(155)		345
Stock subscriptions receivable(iv)		155		—		155		149		—		149
Prepaid expenses of equipment(v)		—		—		—		34,179		—		34,179
Others		50		—		50		72		—		72
Total	$	66,380	$	(34,846)	$	31,534	$	96,643	$	(31,571)	$	65,072

(i) Receivable from third party mainly represented the concession fee deposits of Guangzhou Meizheng for the ceased operations in providing Wi-Fi services on trains that is expected to be refunded within one year and the refund receivable of concession fee from an airline company. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the management conducted a review on the outstanding balance and recorded bad debt provision on other current assets for which the collectability is assessed to be remote. It also consisted of loans to third parties are in order to secure them to provide advertising services at prime locations to the Group. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Group had balance of various loan agreements with third parties with aggregated amount of $6,723 and $6,056, respectively with the terms of one year. The interest rates were around 5% without any assets pledged for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the bad debt allowance for loan to third parties amounted to $6,699 and $6,056, respectively.

(ii) Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries balance amounted to $23,257 and $22,840 as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, $8,545 and $7,896 of bad debt allowance were made for the receivable balance, respectively. See Note 19 (b) for further discussion of AM Advertising.

(iii) Input VAT receivable decreased by $2,083 from $5,379 as of December 31, 2021 to $3,296 as of December 31, 2022. In 2021 and 2022, economy was adversely affected by the unpredictable COVID-19 and the Group expected that it would be remote to receive invoices to certify the estimated input VAT.

(iv) On December 30, 2020, the Group issued 23,876,308 ordinary shares to purchase computer servers valued at $2,531, which are specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies and have been subsequently transferred to the Group in January 2021.

(v) On April 6, 2022, the Group issued 179,986,169 ordinary shares to purchase computer servers valued at $34,179, which are specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies.

F-33

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

6.           PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Wi-Fi and network equipment	$	18,544	$	17,061
Office property		11,747		10,855
Software		10,558		9,756
Digital display network equipment		5,882		5,085
Computer and office equipment		12,671		11,238
Leasehold improvement		2,769		2,540
Furniture and fixture		785		754
Vehicle		586		575
Total original costs		63,542		57,864
Less: impairment		(16,353)		(19,189)
Less: accumulated depreciation		(28,067)		(27,957)
Construction in progress		180		167
Total property and equipment, net	$	19,302	$	10,885

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were $1,334, $3,954 and $2,836, respectively. Impairment loss recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were all nil and $4,079.

F-34

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

7.           LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET

(a)         Equity method investments,net

The Group had the following equity method investments:

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	of			of
Name of company	ownership	Amount		ownership	Amount
	%			%
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. (“BEMC”) (1)	49	$	1,338	49	$	1,186
Lanmeihangbiao Tiandi Internet Investment Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“LMHB”) (2)	40		193	40		178
Unicom AirNet (Beijing) Network Co., Ltd. (“Unicom AirNet”) (3)	39		6,830	39		3,897
Less: impairment on equity method investments:
LMHB (2)			(191)			(178)
Equity method investments, net		$	11,844		$	5,083

(1) In March 2008, the Group entered into a definitive agreement with China Eastern Media Corporation, Ltd., a subsidiary of China Eastern Group and China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited operating the media resources of China Eastern Group, to establish a joint venture, BEMC. BEMC was incorporated on March 18, 2008 in the PRC with China Eastern Media Corporation and the Group holding 51% and 49% equity interest, respectively. BEMC obtained concession rights of certain media resources from China Eastern Group, including the digital TV screens on airplanes of China Eastern Airlines, and paid concession fees to its shareholders as consideration. The investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence to the operation of BEMC. The Group recognized gains of $197, $57 and a loss of $37 on this investment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

(2) In September 2015, AirNet Online entered into an agreement with BlueFocus Wireless Internet (Beijing) Investment Management Co., Ltd. and two individual investors to establish a joint venture, LMHB. LMHB is mainly engaged in investment management of Wi-Fi platform marketing and other mobile internet industries. The investment fully impaired as of December 31, 2018.

(3) On February 22, 2017, AirNet Online established Unicom AirNet, jointly with Unicom Broadband Online Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Haite Kairong Aeronautical Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of a listed company providing aeronautical technical services. Pursuant to a capital contribution agreement entered into by the relevant parties, AirNet Online invested RMB117.9 million in Unicom AirNet. After this transaction, AirNet Online currently holds 39% of equity interests in Unicom AirNet. The investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations of Unicom AirNet. The Group recorded its share of the loss of Unicom AirNet of $2,945 and $2,635 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

F-35

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

7.           LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET - continued

(b)         Equity investments without readily determinable fair values, net

The Group had the following equity investments without readily determinable fair values, other-than-temporary impairment of $52,739 and $48,732 was recognized as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively:

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	of			of
Name of company	ownership	Amount		ownership	Amount
	%			%
Beijing Zhongjiao Huineng Information Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhongjiao Huineng”) (1)	13	$	589	13	$	545
AM Advertising (2)	20		83,534	20		77,187
Less: impairment
Zhongjiao Huineng (1)			(589)			(545)
AM Advertising (2)			(52,150)			(48,187)
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values, net		$	31,384		$	29,000

(1) In January 2016, the Group acquired 13.3% equity interest in Zhongjiao Huineng, a company established in the PRC that is mainly engaged in providing WIFI and GPS service to logistic industry. A full impairment loss was provided as of December 31, 2018.

(2) The investment in AM Advertising was accounted for using the cost method of accounting, as the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence to the operation from 2016. In December 2018, the Group transferred the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising but did not derecognize this long-term investment considering the existence of continuing involvement and more than trivial benefit owned by the Group. Meanwhile the Group determined the fair value of this investment in AM Advertising according to the transaction price received, which became the new basis of the investment. Hence, the investment impairment loss of $50,159 in AM Advertising was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the accumulated impairment was $47,736 as of December 31, 2019 and $50,932 as of December 31, 2020, due to changes from foreign currency translation adjustment. As of October 30, 2019, the Group and the transferee entered into a supplementary agreement on the outstanding amount of RMB380 million. The Group assessed that the supplementary agreement cannot trigger the derecognition of AM Advertising as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

F-36

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

8.         LEASE

The Group leases offices space under non-cancelable operating leases, with terms ranging from one to three years. The Group considers those renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of the lease term and initial measurement of right of use assets and lease liabilities. Lease expense for lease payment is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

The Group determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. When available, the Group uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of the Group’s leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Group discount lease payments based on an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate.

The Group’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating lease was as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Right-of-use assets	$	18	$	16
Lease liabilities - current	$	8	$	10
Lease liabilities - non-current		13		9
Total lease liabilities	$	21	$	19

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for the operating lease were as follows as of December 31, 2022:

Remaining lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	1.13
Weighted average discount rate	7.5	%

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Group incurred lease expenses as follows.

	For the year ended December 31,
	2021		2022
Operating lease cost	$	717	$	19
Short-term lease cost		—		—
Total	$	717	$	19

The following is a schedule, by fiscal years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022:

2023	$	27
2024		—
Total lease payments		27
Less: imputed interest		(8)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	19

F-37

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

9.          ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the follows:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Accrued payroll and welfare	$	1,833	$	1,742
Other tax payable		55		50
Accrued staff disbursement		1,048		1,010
Deposit payable		27		25
Other current liabilities (i)		6,406		8,137
Other accrued expenses		326		313
	$	9,695	$	11,277

(i) The other current liabilities mainly consist of other payables to third parties of $15,327 that was financed from two third parties for the purpose of capital turnover for operation. The cash received from the other payable to third parties of $15,327 was pledged for certificated deposits in the banks as of December 31, 2020 as the Group need to undertake the guarantee responsibility, and the full amount therein was repaid to one of the third parties in 2021. It also consisted of the amounts due to AM Advertising and its subsidiaries mainly represent the borrowings from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries for the purpose of operation.

10.          INCOME TAXES

AirNet is a tax-exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

Broad Cosmos is tax-exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.

AN China and Blockchain Dynamics Limited are subject to Hong Kong tax law. According to Tax (Amendment) (No. 3) Ordinance 2018 published by Hong Kong government, form April 1, 2018, under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, the profits tax rate for the first HK$2.0 million of assessable profits will be lowered to 8.25% (half of the rate specified in Schedule 8 to the Inland Revenue Ordinance (IRO)) for corporations and 7.5% (half of the standard rate) for unincorporated businesses (mostly partnerships and sole proprietorships). Assessable profits above HK$2.0 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations and standard rate of 15% for unincorporated businesses. AN China is qualified to elect the tax rate of 8.25% as it has no assessable profit in 2018, and has a small profit in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

The Group’s subsidiaries in the PRC are all subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws and regulations except for Air Joy, which was incorporated in Singapore with an income tax rate of 17% and has no assessable profit in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The EIT rate for the Group’s operating in PRC was 25% with the following exceptions.

Wangfan Linghang qualified for the HNTE (entities that are qualified as “high and new technology enterprises strongly supported by the state”) at the end of 2017 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15%, expiring on December 26, 2020 and was entitled to an EIT rate of 25% afterwards.

Air Esurfing qualified for the HNTE in 2018 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15%, expiring on September 10, 2021 and was entitled to an EIT rate of 25% afterwards.

F-38

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

10.          INCOME TAXES - continued

Income tax expenses (benefits) are as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Income tax expenses (benefits):
Current	$	830	$	284	$	17
Deferred		—		—		—
Income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)		—		—
	$	(10,235)	$	284	$	17

Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the PRC EIT rate of 25% to income before income taxes and the actual provision of income taxes is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020			2021			2022
Net loss before provision for income taxes	$	(3,787)		$	(17,503)		$	(12,294)
PRC statutory tax rate		25	%		25	%		25	%
Income tax at statutory tax rate		(947)			(4,376)			(3,074)
Expenses not deductible for tax purpose
Entertainment expenses exceeded the tax limit		48			42			28
Tax effect of impairment loss on property and equipment and intangible assets		—			—			668
Tax effect of unrealized net operating loss		4,481			5,575			7,780
Tax effect of other permanent differences		19			—			—
Non-taxable gain from subsidiaries disposal		(14,323)			—			—
Effect of income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)			—			—
Changes in valuation allowance		10,282			(763)			(4,326)
Effect of preferential tax rates granted to PRC entities		1,599			121			—
Effect of income tax rate change		(396)			(391)			(1,026)
Effect of income tax rate difference in other jurisdictions		67			76			(33)
Income tax (benefits) expenses	$	(10,235)		$	284		$	17
Effective tax rates		270.3	%		(1.6)	%		(0.1)	%

F-39

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

10.          INCOME TAXES - continued

The principal components of the Group’s deferred income tax assets are as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	10,456	$	10,391
Amortization of intangible assets		589		141
Net operating loss carry forwards		44,878		57,172
Excess marketing and advertising expense (15%)		42		28
Impairment on equipment		—		668
Recognized cost of non-deductible VAT-input that generated in prior years		521		28
Total deferred tax assets		56,486		68,427
Valuation allowance		(56,486)		(68,427)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	—	$	—

The Group had deferred tax assets which consisted of tax loss carry-forwards, accruals and reserves which can be carried forward to offset future taxable income. The valuation allowance provided as of December 31, 2021 and 2022 relates to the deferred tax assets generated by the Group’s VIEs. The Group’s subsidiaries in the PRC had total net operating loss carry forwards approximately of $57,172 as of December 31, 2022. The net operating loss carry forwards for the PRC subsidiaries will expire on various dates through year 2026. The Group’s valuation allowance increased by $11,941 from $56,486 as of December 31, 2021 to $68,427 as of December 31, 2022.

The Group evaluates each UTP (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. In 2018, the Group incurred penalties of $4,324 related to underpayment or delayed payment for income tax expense of previous years. A tax penalty of $2,664 was assessed for a one-year delay of income taxes owed for 2015 arising from the gain on transferring 75% equity of AM Advertising and a tax penalty of $1,660 was assessed for the unpaid income tax expense of 2016 for the deduction of bad debt allowances from taxable income before tax without attempting to enforce collections of the assets and filing a special declaration of loss in asset. After paying the penalties noted above in 2018, taxes payable as of December 31, 2018 was $11,065. The Group determined that the unpaid tax liability was an uncertain tax (“UTP”) position as it is not more likely than not to be sustained on audit if the tax authorities were to re-examine this position. The tax authorities have not re-examined this position and the statute of limitations has expired as of the end of 2020. Therefore, the UTP was eliminated as a result of the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

For years ending December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group recognized no interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Group is not currently under examination by any income taxing authority, nor has it been notified of an impending examination. As of December 31, 2022, tax years 2017 to present are subject to examination by the tax authorities.

F-40

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

10.          INCOME TAXES - continued

Uncertainties exist with respect to how the current income tax law in the PRC applies to the Group’s overall operations, and more specifically, with regard to tax residency status. New EIT Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside of China will be considered residents for Chinese income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within China. The Implementation Rules to the new EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be considered China residents if substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., occurs within China. Additional guidance is expected to be released by the Chinese government in the near future that may clarify how to apply this standard to tax payers. Despite the present uncertainties resulting from the limited PRC tax guidance on the issue, the Group does not believe that its legal entities organized outside of China should be treated as residents for new EIT Law purposes. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC will be subject to the PRC income tax at a rate of 25%.

However, the Company’s subsidiaries located in the PRC were in a loss position and had accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022, and the tax basis for the investment was greater than the carrying value of this investment. A deferred tax asset should be recognized for this temporary difference only if it is apparent that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future. Absent of evidence of a reversal in the foreseeable future, no deferred tax asset for such temporary difference was recorded. The Company did not record any tax on any of the undistributed earnings because the relevant subsidiaries do not intend to declare dividends and the Company intends to permanently reinvest it within the PRC.

Aggregate undistributed earnings of the Company’s subsidiaries located in the PRC that are available for distribution to the Company are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and accordingly, no provision has been made for the Chinese dividend withholding taxes that would be payable upon the distribution of those amounts to the Company. The Chinese tax authorities have also clarified that distributions made out of pre-January 1, 2008 retained earnings will not be subject to the withholding tax.

F-41

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

11.          NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

On November 30, 2022, with the approval of shareholder meeting, the Company consolidated every forty of the authorized (whether issued or unissued) shares of each class of par value of US$0.001 each in the capital of the Company into one share of the same class of par value of US$0.04 each (the “Share Consolidation”).

Following and as a result of the Share Consolidation, the authorized share capital of the Company will be US$1,000,000 divided into 22,500,000 ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.04 each and 2,500,000 preferred shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.04 each.

Upon the Share Consolidation, the ratio of its American Depositary Receipts representing ordinary shares (“ADS”) of the Company will be amended from one ADS representing ten (10) ordinary shares of the Company to one (1) ADS representing one (1) ordinary share of the Company.

All share and per share data as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are presented on a retroactive basis.

The calculation of the net income (loss) per share is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.’s ordinary shareholders	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss) income per ordinary share
Basic and diluted (i)		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Weighted average shares used in calculating (loss) income per ADS
Basic and diluted		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)
Net income (loss) per ADS (ii)
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)

F-42

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

12.          SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

2012 Share incentive plan

In 2012 the Group created the 2012 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) which provides for 6,000,000 ordinary shares options to be granted to employees and directors. Share options under this Plan may vest over a service period, performance condition or market condition, as specified in each award. Share options expire 5 years from the grant date.

The following summary of stock option activities for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Outstanding Options
		Weighted				Weighted
		average		Weighted		average
		exercise		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	price		grant-date		contractual	intrinsic
	options	per option		fair value		terms	value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	1.53	$	—
Granted	—		—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—		—	—		—
Forfeited	—		—		—	—		—
Expired	—		—		—	—		—
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	0.53	$	—
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	0.53	$	—
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	4,152,490	$	0.53	$	0.53	0.20	$	—

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were all nil. The Group recorded share-based compensation of $186, $186 and $60 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. There was $5 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share options granted as of December 31, 2022, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period 0.04 years on a straight-line basis.

(1) Volatility

The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the options was estimated based on the historical stock price volatility of the Company’s ordinary shares and listed shares of comparable companies over a period comparable to the expected term of the options. From March 2011, the volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company’s share price as the Company has accumulated sufficient history of stock price for a period comparable to the expected term of the options.

(2) Risk-free rate

Risk-free rate is based on yield of US Treasury bill as of valuation date with maturity date close to the expected term of the options.

F-43

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

12.          SHARE BASED PAYMENTS - continued

(3) Expected term

The expected term is estimated based on a consideration of factors including the original contractual term and the vesting term.

(4) Dividend yield

The dividend yield was estimated by the Group based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the options. The Group has no plan to pay any dividend in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the Group considers the dividend yield to be zero.

(5) Exercise price

The exercise price of the options was determined by the Group’s Board of Directors.

(6) Fair value of underlying ordinary shares

The closing market price of the ordinary shares of the Company as of the grant/modification date was used as the fair value of the ordinary shares on that date.

No options were granted during 2020 to 2022.

13.          FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Measured on recurring basis

The Group measured its financial assets and liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, prepaid equipment costs, accounts payable and amounts to from related parties on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

Cash and cash equivalents and cryptocurrency are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on the quoted market price in an active market. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, prepaid equipment cost and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturity.

Measured on non-recurring basis

The Group measured property and equipment at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value was determined using models with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). This was based on a number of key assumptions, including, but not limited to, undiscounted future cash flows and the annual net revenue projections based on the projected levels of advertising activities during the forecast periods, all of which were classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, the Group recorded nil, nil and nil impairment charged for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

The Group measured its long-term investment in AM Advertising at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as result of the disposal transaction. The fair value was determined using the market approach with unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities (Level 2 inputs). The impairment recorded was nil, nil and nil impairment charged for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

F-44

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

14.          TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT

Up to December 31, 2022, the Company had repurchased an aggregate of 1,306,486 ADSs from the open market for a total consideration of $17,400, of which 438,137 ADSs had been cancelled and 868,349 ADSs were recorded as treasury stock.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, accumulated 665,121 and 769,077 ADS of treasury stock have been reissued. As a result of Share Consolidation in note 11, there was 24,818 ADS as of December 31, 2022.

15.         MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multiemployer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ income. The total contribution for such employee benefits were $1,088, $1,056 and $686 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

16.          STATUTORY RESERVES

As stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries in the PRC are required to maintain non-distributable statutory surplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’ statutory financial statements prepared under the PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders. Once the general reserve is accumulated to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reserve may be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of the subsidiaries. The Group allocated no statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The statutory reserves cannot be transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.

17.         RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the WFOEs, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries from transferring a portion of their net assets, equivalent to the balance of their paid-in-capital, additional paid-in-capital and statutory reserves to the Group in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations restrict the payments of dividends by the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries from their respective retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations.

As of December 31, 2022, the balance of restricted net assets was $343,675, of which $138,700 was attributed to the paid-in-capital, additional paid-in-capital and statutory reserves of the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, and $204,975 was attributed to the paid in capital, additional paid-in-capital and statutory reserves of WFOE. Under applicable PRC laws, loans from PRC companies to their offshore affiliated entities require governmental approval, and advances by PRC companies to their offshore affiliated entities must be supported by bona fide business transactions.

18.         COMMITMENTS

As of December 31, 2022, the Group has no material purchase commitments or significant leases.

F-45

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION

(a)Approval for non-advertising content

A majority of the digital frames and digital TV screens in the Group’s network include programs that consist of both advertising content and non-advertising content. On December 6, 2007, the State Administration of Radio, Film or Television, or the SARFT, a governmental authority in the PRC, issued a Circular regarding Strengthening the Management of Public Audio-Video in Automobiles, Buildings and Other Public Areas, or the SARFT Circular. According to the SARFT Circular, displaying audio-video programs such as television news, films and television shows, sports, technology and entertainment through public audio-video systems located in automobiles, buildings, airports, bus or train stations, shops, banks and hospitals and other outdoor public systems must be approved by the SARFT. The Group intends to obtain the requisite approval of the SARFT for the Group’s non-advertising content, but the Group cannot assure that the Group will obtain such approval in compliance with this SARFT Circular, or at all.

In January 2014, the Group entered into a strategic alliance with China Radio International Oriental Network (Beijing) Co., Ltd (“CRION”), which manages the internet TV business of China International Broadcasting Network, to operate the CIBN-AirNet channel for broadcast network TV programs to air travelers in China. According to the terms of the cooperation arrangement with CRION, during the cooperation period from March 28, 2014 to March 27, 2024, CRION shall obtain and, from time to time, be responsible for obtaining any approval, license and consent regarding the regulation of broadcasting and television from relevant authorities.

There is no assurance that CRION will be able to obtain or maintain the requisite approval or the Group will be able to renew the contract with CRION when they expire. If the requisite approval is not obtained, the Group will be required to eliminate non-advertising content from the programs included in the Group’s digital frames and digital TV screens and advertisers may find the Group’s network less attractive and be unwilling to purchase advertising time slots on the Group’s network.

As of December 31, 2022, the Group did not record a provision for these matters as management believes the possibility of adverse outcome of the matters is remote and any liability it may incur would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements. However, it is not possible for the Group to predict the ultimate outcome and the possible range of the potential impact of failure to obtain such disclosed registrations and approvals primarily due to the lack of relevant data and information in the market in this industry in the past.

F-46

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - continued

(b) AM Advertising Dispute

Linghang Shengshi had served a legal letter, dated June 29, 2016 (the “Legal Letter”), on Longde Wenchuang to challenge the proposed transfers by Longde Wenchuang of their equity interests in AM Advertising to Shanghai Golden Bridge InfoTech Co., Ltd. (stock code: 603918), a PRC company with its shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“Golden Bridge”). As of the date of the Legal Letter, Linghang Shengshi held 24.84% of the equity interests in AM Advertising. Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center held 28.57% and 46.43%, respectively, of the equity interests in AM Advertising. On June 14, 2016, Longde Wenchuang entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with Golden Bridge to transfer 75% equity interests in AM Advertising to Golden Bridge in consideration for shares in Golden Bridge (the “Transfer”). Neither of Longde Wenchuang sought consent from Linghang Shengshi with respect to the Transfer in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Company Law”). Linghang Shengshi challenges the validity of the Transfer on the ground that it violated the statutory right of first refusal of Linghang Shengshi under the Company Law. Subsequent to the Group’s legal letter, Golden Bridge ceased acquisition of 75% equity interest of AM Advertising from Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center. Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center further dismissed the Group’s representative from Co-CEO position of AM Advertising.

On September 2, 2016, the Group received notice (the “September 2, 2016 Notice”) from the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (the “CIETAC”) that the Company, Chuangyi Technology, Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Herman Man Guo (collectively, the “Respondents”) were named as respondents by the Culture Center in an arbitration proceeding submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC in connection with the sale by the Group of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising to Culture Center and Longde Wenchuang in June 2015. Culture Center seeks specific performance by the Respondents of certain obligations under the transaction documents, which include, among other things, (i) the pledge by Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Guo of their respective equity interests in AM Advertising to Culture Center as security for their obligations under the transaction documents, (ii) the use of best efforts by the Respondents to cooperate with the Culture Center and Longde Wenchuang to procure the listing of AM Advertising in China and (iii) the performance by the Group and Mr. Guo of their respective non-compete obligations to refrain from holding, operating, or otherwise participating in any business that is the same or substantially the same as that of AM Advertising. The Group believes the arbitration request is without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously. However, no assurances can be provided that the Group will prevail in this arbitration proceeding. In response to the September 2, 2016 Notice, the Group filed a notice against Culture Center to CIETAC for their breach of contract.

As a result of the above disputes, the Group is no longer able to exercise significant influence in operating and strategic decision of AM Advertising and cannot access to AM Advertising’s financial information. Accordingly, the Group accounted its investment in AM Advertising as equity investments without readily determinable fair values (see Note 7) as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. AM Advertising and its subsidiaries are no longer related parties to the Group. As of December 31, 2016, the Group treated the provision for earnout commitment of $23,549 as contingent liability and did not record any additional provision for this matter as management believes the possibility of adverse outcome of the matter is remote and any liability it may incur would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

F-47

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - continued

During 2018, a memorandum of understanding and various supplemental agreements (collectively the “MoU”) were, were entered into with, among others, Longde Wenchuang and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership), under which, among other things, Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Guo have agreed to pay or make available to AM Advertising on or prior to May 30, 2018 and further extended to September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 an aggregate of RMB304.5 million which was to be discounted by the following amounts (i) the RMB152.0 million profits attributable to Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu for the first nine months of 2015, based on a third-party pro forma audit report on AM Advertising; (ii) the loan of RMB88.0 million in principal balance and RMB7.8 million in interests; and (iii) the payment of RMB56.7 million in cash after the sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising, which consisted of 20.18% equity interests hold by the Group and 0.14% equity interests hold by Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu on behalf of the Group, and following the completion of the foregoing arrangements, the Group’s obligations with respect to the profit target for 2015, the earnout provision for the first nine months of 2015 and the loans between AM Advertising and Linghang Shengshi shall be deem completed. According to the aforesaid MoU, after Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu transfer all the equity interest of AM Advertising, they will cease to be shareholders of AM Advertising and will not be able to continuously assume the obligations in connection with the profit commitment and earn out provision as a matter of fact.

The sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising (therein 20.18% was held by the Group) has been completed as of December 31,2018, while the cash payment of RMB56.7 million to Longde Wenchuang and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership) has not been paid yet by the Group as of December 31, 2022. Upon the effectiveness of MoU, the Group has written off the contingency of provision for earnout provision, and has recorded an actual payable of earnout provision in the amount of RMB152.6 million as of December 31, 2018. On June 27, 2019, Linghang Shengshi received a letter of notification from AM Advertising requiring for the immediate payment for the net settlement of RMB 56.7 million (the “Letter”) and Linghang Shengshi responded to the Letter on June 28, 2019 by urging AM Advertising to cooperate with income tax deduction. According to an independent third-party attorney’s legal opinion issued in March 2021, the MoU was still effective.

In January 2021, the Group was informed that two of Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts amounted to $1 in aggregate was frozen by the court as Culture Center applied to the court regardless of the arbitration process in the CIETAC in connection with the sale by the Group of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising. The Group believes the application is non-excused as it conflicted with the arbitration proceeding already submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC and defended the actions by applying to the court to unfreeze Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts. In March 2021, the Group discovered that the equity interest of AirNet Online held by Mr. Herman Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu was frozen by the court, which was applied to the court by AM Advertising to urge all parties to settle the Transfer (the “Case”). However, the Group believes that the court has no right of jurisdiction to judge this Case as it was essentially consisted with the arbitration process in the CIETAC and would be conflicting, and the Group submitted the objection to the court. The judge of the Case has orally approved the objection and the Case will be withdrawn. As of December 31, 2021, Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center have not issued a written notice requesting the cancellation of the MoU. Therefore, the Group considered the MoU was still effective as of December 31, 2021, and the aforementioned actual payable of earnout provision remained.

F-48

AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - continued

In January 2022, the court gave a judgement that Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Herman Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu should pay RMB 56.7 million and interest (the “debts”) to AM Advertising within 10 days of the effective date of the judgment. In addition, Chuangyi Technology and AirNet is jointly and severally liable for the debts to the AM Advertising. Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Herman Man Guo, Mr. Qing Xu and Chuangyi Technology has entered an appeal to the court. The case is currently in the progress of second trial by the court. As the payable of earnout commitment of RMB 152.6 million have been adjusted since 2019 and the total amount of RMB 95.9 million of other current asset have been recorded per book, the net amount of the contingent liability was reflected in the consolidated financial statement of 2021, and no further adjustment was needed in a conclusion.

20.         RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

(a) Details of outstanding balances with the Group’s related parties as of December 31, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:

Amount due from related parties:

		As of December 31,
Name of related parties	Relationship	2021		2022
Xu Qing	Shareholder of the Company	$	—	$	435
Unicom AirNet	Equity method investment		—		166
		$	—	$	601

(1) The amounts represent interest free advances to the related parties in a short-term basis for operation purpose.

Amount due to related parties:

		As of December 31,
Name of related parties	Relationship	2021		2022
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd.	Equity method investment	$	—	$	—
Zhichao Li	Shareholder		—		803
Rui Du	Shareholder		—		371
		$	—	$	1,174

(b) Details of transactions with the Group’s related parties for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:

		For the year ended December 31,
Name of related parties	Transactions	2021		2022
Xu Qing	Loans provided to related parties	$	—	$	435
Unicom AirNet	Loans provided to related parties		—		166
Zhichao Li	Loans received from related parties		—		803
Rui Du	Loans received from related parties		—		371

21.         SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Group has evaluated subsequent events from December 31, 2022 and through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, and did not identify any subsequent events with material financial impact or that required adjustment of the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

F-49

22.         FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY

(a)Balance sheet

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2	$	2
Amount due from subsidiaries		27,298		49,691
Other current assets		108		108
Total current assets		27,408		49,801
TOTAL ASSETS	$	27,408	$	49,801
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	2,909	$	4,039
Total liabilities		2,909		4,039
Equity
Ordinary Shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)		181		359
Additional paid-in capital		298,685		332,746
Treasury stock (24,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)		(1,148)		(1,148)
Accumulated deficits		(304,904)		(318,239)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		31,685		32,044
Total equity		24,499		45,762
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	27,408	$	49,801

(b)Statements of operations

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing	$	—	$	—	$	—
General and administrative		(250)		(566)		(1,231)
Total operating expenses		(250)		(566)		(1,231)
Other (loss) income, net		(32)		(11)		41
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries		7,809		(16,758)		(12,145)
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)

F-50

22.         FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY- continued

(c)Statements of comprehensive income (loss)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net income (loss)	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		(384)		377		359
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Parent Company	$	7,143	$	(16,958)	$	(12,976)

(d)Statements of changes in equity

								(Accumulated		Accumulated
	Ordinary shares			Additional				deficits)		other
				paid-in		Treasury		retained		comprehensive		Total
	Shares	Amount		capital		stock		earnings		Income		equity
Balance as of December 31, 2020	3,738,527		152		288,879		(2,351)		(286,365)		31,308		31,623
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation	25,989		1		—		1,203		(1,204)		—		—
Share issued	710,320		28		8,922		—		—		—		8,950
Share-based compensation	—		—		186		—		—		—		186
Capital contribution from non-controlling	—		—		698		—		—		—		698
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		377		377
Net income	—		—		—		—		(17,335)		—		(17,335)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	4,474,836		181		298,685		(1,148)		(304,904)		31,685		24,499
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	4,448,851		178		34,001		—		—		—		34,179
Share-based compensation	—		—		60		—		—		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		359		359
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(13,335)				(13,335)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	8,923,687		359		332,746		(1,148)		(318,239)		32,044		45,762

(e)Statements of cash flow

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries		(7,809)		16,758		12,145
Share-based compensation		186		186		60
CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		96		391		1,130
Net cash used in operating activities		—		—		—
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES		—		—		—
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES		—		—		—
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		—		—		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year		2		2		2
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	$	2	$	2	$	2
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	$	2,531	$	8,950	$	34,179

F-51

22.         FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY- continued

(f)Notes

1.           BASIS FOR PREPARATION

The condensed financial information of the parent company, AirNet Technology Inc., only has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Group’s consolidated financial statements except that the parent company uses the equity method to account for its investment in its subsidiaries.

2.           INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company, its subsidiaries, its VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements where the inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. For the purpose of the Company’s stand-alone financial statements, its investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are reported using the equity method of accounting. The Company’s share of income and losses from its subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries is reported as earnings from subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries in the accompanying condensed financial information of parent company.

3.           INCOME TAXES

The Company is a tax exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

F-52

EX-2.4

Exhibit 2.4

Description of rights of securities

registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)

American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each of which represents one ordinary share of AirNet Technology Co. Ltd. (“we,” “us,” “our company,” or “our”), are listed and traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market and, in connection with this listing (but not for trading), the ordinary shares are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. This exhibit contains a description of the rights of (1) the holders of ordinary shares and (2) the holders of ADSs. Ordinary shares underlying the ADSs are held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary, and holders of ADSs will not be treated as holders of ordinary shares.

Description of Ordinary Shares

The following is a summary of material provisions of our currently effective second amended and restated memorandum of association (the “Memorandum and Articles of Association”) as well as the Companies Law (as amended) of the Cayman Islands (the “Companies Law”) insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. As it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read the entire Memorandum and Articles of Association, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as an exhibit to our Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) on May 28, 2019.

Type and Class of Securities (Item 9.A.5 of Form 20-F)

The par value of our ordinary shares is US$0.04 per share. The number of ordinary shares that had been issued as of December 31, 2022 is provided on the cover of the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares.

Preemptive rights (Item 9.A.3 of Form 20-F)

Our shareholders do not have preemptive rights.

Limitations or Qualifications (Item 9.A.6 of Form 20-F)

Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent there are available authorized but unissued shares.

Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of convertible redeemable preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of convertible redeemable preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:

● designation of the series;

● the number of shares of the series;

● the dividend rights, conversion rights and voting rights; and

● the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.

The issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.

Rights of Other Types of Securities (Item 9.A.7 of Form 20-F)

Not applicable.

Rights of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.3 of Form 20-F)

Dividend Rights

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, our company may declare and pay a dividend only out of funds legally available therefor, namely out of either profit or our share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may we pay a dividend if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.

Voting Rights

Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote on all matters upon which the ordinary shares are entitled to vote. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by one or more shareholders holding together at least ten percent of the shares given a right to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy.

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting. A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect certain changes by ordinary resolution, including increasing the amount of our authorized share capital, consolidating or dividing all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares, and canceling any shares that are authorized but unissued. Both an ordinary resolution and a special resolution may also be passed by a unanimous written resolution signed by all the shareholders of our company, as permitted by the Companies Law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the restrictions of our articles of association, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her shares by an instrument of transfer in writing and executed by or on behalf of the transferor, accompanied by the certificates of such shares and such other evidence as the Directors may reasonably require to show the right of the shareholder to make the transfer.

Liquidation

On a winding up of our company, the liquidator may, with the sanction of an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, divide amongst the shareholders in species or in kind the whole or any part of the assets of our company, and may for that purpose value any assets and determine how the division shall be carried out as between our shareholders or different classes of shareholders.

Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least fourteen calendar days prior to the specified time and place of payment. Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares

We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our board of directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by ordinary resolution of our shareholders, or are otherwise authorized by our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Under the Companies Law, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be

paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if the company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Law no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares issued and outstanding, or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.

General Meetings of Shareholders and Shareholder Proposals

As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. The Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that we may hold an annual general meeting but shall not (unless required by the Companies Law) be obliged to hold an annual general meeting.

Shareholders’ meetings may be held annually and may be convened by our board of directors on its own initiative or upon a request to the directors by shareholders holding in aggregate at least one-third of our voting share capital. Advance notice of at least 14 days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other shareholders meetings, provided that a general meeting of our company shall be deemed to have been duly convened if it is so agreed:

● in the case of an annual general meeting by all the Members (or their proxies) entitled to attend and vote thereat; and

● in the case of an extraordinary general meeting by a majority in number of the Members (or their proxies) having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than seventy five (75%) per cent in par value of the shares giving that right.

A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of shareholders holding not less than an aggregate of one-third of all voting share capital of our company in issue present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote.

Inspection of Books and Records

Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records, other than the Memorandum and Articles of Association and any special resolutions passed by our company, and the registers of mortgages and charges of our company. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.

Requirements to Change the Rights of Holders of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.4 of Form 20-F)

Variations of Rights of Shares

If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may be varied either with the written consent of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights will not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.

Limitations on the Rights to Own Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.6 of Form 20-F)

There are no limitations under the laws of the Cayman Islands or under the Memorandum and Articles of Association that limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote ordinary shares.

Provisions Affecting Any Change of Control (Item 10.B.7 of Form 20-F)

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

● authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and

● limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.

However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Memorandum and Articles of Association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

Ownership Threshold (Item 10.B.8 of Form 20-F)

There are no provisions under Cayman Islands law applicable to our company, or under the Memorandum and Articles of Association, that require our company to disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.

Differences Between the Law of Different Jurisdictions (Item 10.B.9 of Form 20-F)

The Companies Law is modeled after the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent statutory enactments in England. In addition, the Companies Law differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

The Companies Law permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (1) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (2) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (1) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (2) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety percent of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.

The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.

Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided that the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Law. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.

Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Law also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

● the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

● the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;

● the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and

● the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Law.

The Companies Law also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits

In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against, or a derivative action in the name of, a company to challenge the following acts in the following circumstances:

● a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;

● the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and

● those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. The Memorandum and Articles of Association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association then in effect.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.

Anti-Takeover Provisions in the Memorandum and Articles of Association

Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders. However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended and restated from time to time, for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. A director must not use his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty to act honestly, and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also owe to our company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to our company, our directors must ensure compliance with the Memorandum

and Articles of Association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the rights vested thereunder in the holders of the shares. Our directors owe their fiduciary duties to our company and not to our company’s individual shareholders, and it is our company which has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached.

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and the Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

Shareholder Proposals

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. The Companies Law provide shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. The Memorandum and Articles of Association allow our shareholders holding in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, the Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings. As an exempted company in the Cayman Islands, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.

Cumulative Voting

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but the Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

Removal of Directors

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Memorandum and Articles of Association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes

an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

Dissolution; Winding Up

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.

Variation of Rights of Shares

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Memorandum and Articles of Association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, all or any of the attached to any such class may (subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class of share) only be varied or abrogated with the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class by the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class.

Amendment of Governing Documents

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by Cayman Islands law, the Memorandum and Articles of Association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.

Rights of Non-Resident or Foreign Shareholders

There are no limitations imposed by the Memorandum and Articles of Association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in the Memorandum and Articles of Association that require our company to disclosed shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.

Exempted Company

We are an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Companies Law in the Cayman Islands distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:

● an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

● an exempted company’s register of members is not open to inspection;

● an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

● an exempted company may issue no par value shares;

● an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance);

● an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

● an exempted company may register as a limited duration company; and

● an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company.

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on that shareholder’s shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil). Upon the closing of the separation and distribution, we will be subject to reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. We currently intend to comply with the NASDAQ rules in lieu of following home country practice after the completion of the separation and distribution. The NASDAQ rules require that every company listed on the NASDAQ hold an annual general meeting of shareholders. In addition, the Memorandum and Articles of Association allow directors to call special meeting of shareholders pursuant to the procedures set forth in our articles.

Changes in Capital (Item 10.B.10 of Form 20-F)

Our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolution:

● increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe;

● consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;

● sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount, provided that in the subdivision the proportion between the amount paid and the amount, if any, unpaid on each reduced share shall be the same as it was in case of the share from which the reduced share is derived; or

● cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.

Our shareholders may, by special resolution and subject to confirmation by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on an application by our company for an order confirming such reduction, reduce our share capital and any capital redemption reserve in any manner authorized by law.

Debt Securities (Item 12.A of Form 20-F)

Not applicable.

Warrants and Rights (Item 12.B of Form 20-F)

On August 13, 2020, our board of directors (the “Board”), declared a dividend distribution of one right (a “Right”) with respect to each outstanding ordinary share of our company held of record at the close of business on August 24, 2020 (the “Record Time”). When exercisable, each Right will entitle the registered holder to purchase one ordinary share at an exercise price of US$0.9 per Right, subject to adjustment (the “Exercise Price”). The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a rights agreement dated as of August 13, 2020 (the “Rights Agreement”) between our company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent, which has been filed with the SEC as Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 6-K (File No. 001-33765) filed on August 13, 2020.

The Board adopted the Rights Agreement to protect our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. In general terms, it works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group that acquires 15% or more of the ordinary shares without the approval of the Board. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Rights may be to render more difficult or discourage a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving us that is not approved by the Board. However, neither the Rights Agreement nor the Rights should interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by the Board.

The following is a summary of the terms of the Rights Agreement. The summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement.

Separation Time

Separation Time refers to the next business day following the earlier of (1) the tenth business day after the date on which any person commences a tender or exchange offer that, if consummated, would result in such person’s becoming an Acquiring Person and (2) the date of the first event causing a Flip-in Date to occur. Acquiring Person refers to a person or group of affiliated or associated persons who is or becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of the outstanding ordinary shares at any time after the first public announcement of the Rights Agreement; provided however, no person who, at the time of the adoption of the Rights Agreement, beneficially owns 15% or more of the outstanding ordinary shares shall be deemed to be an Acquiring Person (i.e. a shareholder’s existing ownership of the ordinary shares will be grandfathered), unless and until such person acquires beneficial ownership of additional 1% or more of the ordinary shares then outstanding as of the time of the first public announcement of the adoption of the Rights Agreement without the pre-approval of the Board.

Flip-in Date refers to the earlier of (1) the first date on which there shall be a public announcement by us (by any means) that a person has become an Acquiring Person, which announcement makes express reference to such status as an Acquiring Person pursuant to the Rights Agreement, or (2) the date on which any Acquiring Person becomes the beneficial owner of more than 50% of the outstanding ordinary shares. Until the Separation Time, (1) no Right may be exercised and (2) each Right will be evidenced by the certificate for the associated ordinary share. After the Separation Time, Rights certificates will be mailed to holders of record of the ordinary shares as of the Separation Time and, the Rights will become transferable independent of the ordinary shares.

Flip-In

In the event that a Flip-in Date occurs, each Right will entitle the holder (other than Rights that are or were acquired or beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person which will thereafter be void) thereof to purchase, for the Exercise Price, that number of ordinary shares having a then-current market value of twice the Exercise Price.

Flip-Over

In the event that, after a Flip-in Date occurs, (1) we consolidate or merge or participate in a scheme of arrangement or statutory share exchange with any other entity or (2) we sell or transfer more than 50% of its assets, operating income or cash flow, then each Right (except for Rights that have previously been

voided as set forth above) will entitle the holder thereof to purchase, for the Exercise Price, that number of shares of the person engaging in the transaction having a then-current market value of twice the Exercise Price.

Exchange Provision

At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by such Acquiring Person of more than 50% of the outstanding ordinary shares, the Board may exchange all (but not less than all) of the then outstanding Rights (other than Rights owned by an Acquiring Person, which will become void) for ordinary shares at an exchange ratio of one ordinary share per Right (subject to adjustment).

Redemption of the Rights

The Rights will be redeemable at our option for US$0.001 per Right (payable in cash, ordinary shares or other securities of us as deemed appropriate by the Board) at any time on or prior to the Flip-in Date. Immediately upon the action of the Board electing to redeem the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of the Rights will be to receive the redemption price.

Adjustments to Exercise Price

The Exercise Price and the number of Rights will be adjusted in the event we, after the Record Time and prior to the Separation Time, (1) declare or pay a dividend on ordinary shares payable in ordinary shares, (2) subdivide the outstanding ordinary shares or (3) combine the ordinary Shares into a smaller number of ordinary shares.

Expiration of the Rights

The Rights expire on the earliest of (1) the exchange of the Rights as described above, (2) the redemption of the Rights as described above, (3) 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the first anniversary of the date of the Rights Agreement (unless such date is extended), and (4) immediately prior to the effective time of a consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement or statutory share exchange that does not constitute a flip-over transaction or event (as described above and defined in the Rights Agreement) in which the ordinary shares are cancelled or converted into, or into the right to receive, another security, cash or other consideration.

Amendment of Terms of Rights Agreement and Rights

The terms of the Rights and the Rights Agreement may be amended in any respect without the consent of the holders of the Rights prior to the Flip-in Date. Thereafter, the terms of the Rights and the Rights Agreement may be amended by the Board in order to cure any ambiguities, or to make changes that do not materially adversely affect the interests of holders of the Rights (excluding the interest of any Acquiring Person), or in order to satisfy any applicable law, rule or regulation.

Other Securities (Item 12.C of Form 20-F)

Not applicable.

Description of American Depositary Shares (Item 12.D.1 and 12.D.2 of Form 20-F)

General

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., or JPMorgan, as depositary will issue the ADSs which you will be entitled to. Each ADS will represent an ownership interest in ordinary shares which we will deposit with the custodian, as agent of the depositary, under the deposit agreement among ourselves, the depositary and yourself as an ADR holder. In the future, each ADS will also represent any securities, cash or other property deposited with the depositary but which have not been distributed directly to you. Unless specifically requested by

you, all ADSs will be issued on the books of our depositary in book-entry form and periodic statements will be mailed to you which reflect your ownership interest in such ADSs. In our description, references to American depositary receipts or ADRs shall include the statements you will receive which reflect your ownership of ADSs.

The depositary’s office is located at 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, NY 10179. You may hold ADSs either directly or indirectly through your broker or other financial institution. If you hold ADSs directly, by having an ADS registered in your name on the books of the depositary, you are an ADR holder. This description assumes you hold your ADSs directly. If you hold the ADSs through your broker or financial institution nominee, you must rely on the procedures of such broker or financial institution to assert the rights of an ADR holder described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.

Because the depositary’s nominee will actually be the registered owner of the shares, you must rely on it to exercise the rights of a shareholder on your behalf. The obligations of the depositary and its agents are set out in the deposit agreement. The deposit agreement and the ADSs are governed by New York law. The following is a summary of the material terms of the deposit agreement. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR which contains the terms of your ADSs. You can read a copy of the deposit agreement which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You may also obtain a copy of the deposit agreement at the SEC’s Public Reference Room which is located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-732-0330. You may also find the registration statement and the attached deposit agreement from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Dividends and Other Distributions

How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares underlying the ADSs?

We may make various types of distributions with respect to our shares. The depositary has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities, after converting any cash received into U.S. dollars and, in all cases, making any necessary deductions provided for in the deposit agreement. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of underlying securities that your ADSs represent.

Except as stated below, to the extent the depositary is legally permitted it will deliver such distributions to ADR holders in proportion to their interests in the following manner:

● Cash. The depositary will distribute any U.S. dollars available to it resulting from a cash dividend or other cash distribution or the net proceeds of sales of any other distribution or portion thereof (to the extent applicable), on an averaged or other practicable basis, subject to (a) appropriate adjustments for taxes withheld, (b) such distribution being impermissible or impracticable with respect to certain registered holders, and (c) deduction of the depositary’s expenses in (1) converting any foreign currency to U.S. dollars to the extent that it determines that such conversion may be made on a reasonable basis, (2) transferring foreign currency or U.S. dollars to the United States by such means as the depositary may determine to the extent that it determines that such transfer may be made on a reasonable basis, (3) obtaining any approval or license of any governmental authority required for such conversion or transfer, which is obtainable at a reasonable cost and within a reasonable time and (4) making any sale by public or private means in any commercially reasonable manner. If exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert a foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the distribution.

● Shares. In the case of a distribution in shares, the depositary will issue additional ADRs to evidence the number of ADSs representing such shares. Only whole ADSs will be issued. Any shares which would result in fractional ADSs will be sold and the net proceeds will be distributed in the same manner as cash to the ADR holders entitled thereto.

● Rights to receive additional shares In the case of a distribution of rights to subscribe for additional shares or other rights, if we provide satisfactory evidence that the depositary may lawfully distribute such rights, the depositary will distribute warrants or other instruments representing such rights. However, if we do not furnish such evidence, the depositary may: (1) sell such rights if practicable and distribute the net proceeds as cash; or (2) if it is not practicable to sell such rights, do nothing and allow such rights to lapse, in which case ADR holders will receive nothing. We have no obligation to file a registration statement under the Securities Act in order to make any rights available to ADR holders.

● Other Distributions. In the case of a distribution of securities or property other than those described above, the depositary may either (a) distribute such securities or property in any manner it deems equitable and practicable or (b) to the extent the depositary deems distribution of such securities or property not to be equitable and practicable, sell such securities or property and distribute any net proceeds in the same way it distributes cash.

If the depositary determines that any distribution described above is not practicable with respect to any specific ADR holder, the depositary may choose any practicable method of distribution for such ADR holder, including the distribution of foreign currency, securities or property, or it may retain such items, without paying interest on or investing them, on behalf of the ADR holder as deposited securities, in which case the ADSs will also represent the retained items.

Any U.S. dollars will be distributed by checks drawn on a bank in the United States for whole dollars and cents. Fractional cents will be withheld without liability for interest thereon and dealt with by the depositary in accordance with its then current practices.

The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADR holders.

There can be no assurance that the depositary will be able to convert any currency at a specified exchange rate or sell any property, rights, shares or other securities at a specified price, nor that any of such transactions can be completed within a specified time period.

Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How does the depositary issue ADSs?

The depositary will issue ADSs if you or your broker deposit shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian and pay the fees and expenses owing to the depository in connection with such issuance. In the case of the ADSs to be issued under this prospectus, we will arrange with the underwriters named herein to deposit such shares.

Shares deposited in the future with the custodian must be accompanied by certain delivery documentation, including instruments showing that such shares have been properly transferred or endorsed to the person on whose behalf the deposit is being made.

The custodian will hold all deposited shares (including those being deposited by or on our behalf in connection with the offering to which this prospectus relates) for the account of the depositary. ADR holders thus have no direct ownership interest in the shares and only have such rights as are contained in the deposit agreement. The custodian will also hold any additional securities, property and cash received on or in substitution for the deposited shares. The deposited shares and any such additional items are referred to as “deposited securities.”

Upon each deposit of shares, receipt of related delivery documentation and compliance with the other provisions of the deposit agreement, including the payment of the fees and charges of the depositary and any taxes or other fees or charges owing, the depositary will issue an ADR or ADRs in the name or upon

the order of the person entitled thereto evidencing the number of ADSs to which such person is entitled. All of the ADSs issued will, unless specifically requested to the contrary, be part of the depositary’s direct registration system, and a registered holder will receive periodic statements from the depositary which will show the number of ADSs registered in such holder’s name. An ADR holder can request that the ADSs not be held through the depositary’s direct registration system and that a certificated ADR be issued.

How do ADR holders cancel an ADS and obtain deposited securities?

When you turn in your ADSs at the depositary’s office, or when you provide proper instructions and documentation in the case of direct registration ADSs, the depositary will, upon payment of certain applicable fees, charges and taxes, deliver the underlying shares at the custodian’s office or effect delivery by such other means as the depositary deems practicable, including transfer to an account of an accredited financial institution on your behalf. At your risk, expense and request, the depositary may deliver deposited securities at such other place as you may request.

The depositary may only restrict the withdrawal of deposited securities in connection with:

● temporary delays caused by closing our transfer books or those of the depositary or the deposit of shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends;

● the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges; or

● compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the ADRs or to the withdrawal of deposited securities.

This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.

Record Dates

The depositary may fix record dates for the determination of the ADR holders who will be entitled (or obligated, as the case may be):

● to receive a dividend, distribution or rights;

● to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at a meeting of holders of ordinary shares or other deposited securities;

● for the determination of the registered holders who shall be responsible for the fee assessed by the depositary for administration of the ADR program and for any expenses as provided for in the ADR; or

● receive any notice or to act in respect of other matters all subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement.

Voting Rights

How do you vote?

If you are an ADR holder and the depositary asks you to provide it with voting instructions, you may instruct the depositary how to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs. After receiving voting materials from us, the depositary will notify the ADR holders of any shareholder meeting or solicitation of consents or proxies. This notice will state such information as contained in the voting materials and describe how you may instruct the depositary to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs and will include instructions for giving a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us. For instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them in the manner and on or before the date specified. The depositary will try, as far as is practical, subject to the provisions of and governing the underlying shares or other deposited securities, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as you instruct. The depositary will only vote or attempt to vote as you instruct. The depositary will not itself exercise any voting discretion. Furthermore, neither the depositary nor its agents are responsible for any failure to carry out any voting instructions, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any vote.

There is no guarantee that you will receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.

Reports and Other Communications

Will ADR holders be able to view our reports?

The depositary will make available for inspection by ADR holders any written communications from us which are both received by the custodian or its nominee as a holder of deposited securities and made generally available to the holders of deposited securities. We will furnish these communications in English when so required by any rules or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, if we make any written communications generally available to holders of our shares, including the depositary or the custodian, and we request the depositary to provide them to ADR holders, the depositary will mail copies of them, or, at its option, English translations or summaries of them to ADR holders.

Payment of Taxes

ADR holders must pay any tax or other governmental charge payable by the custodian or the depositary on any ADS or ADR, deposited security or distribution. If an ADR holder owes any tax or other governmental charge, the depositary may (a) deduct the amount thereof from any cash distributions, or (b) sell deposited securities and deduct the amount owing from the net proceeds of such sale. In either case the ADR holder remains liable for any shortfall. Additionally, if any tax or governmental charge is unpaid, the depositary may also refuse to effect any registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of deposited securities or withdrawal of deposited securities (except under limited circumstances mandated by securities regulations). If any tax or governmental charge is required to be withheld on any non-cash distribution, the depositary may sell the distributed property or securities to pay such taxes and distribute any remaining net proceeds to the ADR holders entitled thereto.

By holding an ADR or an interest therein, you will be agreeing to indemnify us, the depositary, its custodian and any of our or their respective directors, employees, agents and affiliates against, and hold each of them harmless from, any claims by any governmental authority with respect to taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced rate of withholding at source or other tax benefit obtained in respect of, or arising out of, your ADSs.

Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers

If we take certain actions that affect the deposited securities, including (1) any change in par value, split-up, consolidation, cancellation or other reclassification of deposited securities or (2) any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation, receivership, bankruptcy or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, then the depositary may choose to:

● amend the form of ADR;

● distribute additional or amended ADRs;

● distribute cash, securities or other property it has received in connection with such actions;

● sell any securities or property received and distribute the proceeds as cash; or

● none of the above.

If the depositary does not choose any of the above options, any of the cash, securities or other property it receives will constitute part of the deposited securities and each ADS will then represent a proportionate interest in such property.

Amendment and Termination

How may the deposit agreement be amended?

We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADSs without your consent for any reason. ADR holders must be given at least 30 days notice of any amendment that imposes or increases any fees or charges (other than stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges, transfer or registration fees, cable, telex or facsimile transmission costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or prejudices any substantial existing right of ADR holders. If an ADR holder continues to hold an ADR or ADRs after being so notified, such ADR holder is deemed to agree to such amendment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any governmental body or regulatory body should adopt new laws, rules or regulations which would require amendment or supplement of the deposit agreement or the form of ADR to ensure compliance therewith, we and the depositary may amend or supplement the deposit agreement and the ADR at any time in accordance with such changed laws, rules or regulations, which amendment or supplement may take effect before a notice is given or you otherwise receive notice. No amendment, however, will impair your right to surrender your ADSs and receive the underlying securities.

How may the deposit agreement be terminated?

The depositary may terminate the deposit agreement by giving the ADR holders at least 30 days prior notice, and it must do so at our request. The deposit agreement will be terminated upon the removal of the depositary for any reason. After termination, the depositary’s only responsibility will be (1) to deliver deposited securities to ADR holders who surrender their ADRs, and (2) to hold or sell distributions received on deposited securities. As soon as practicable after the expiration of six months from the termination date, the depositary will sell the deposited securities which remain and hold the net proceeds of such sales, without liability for interest, in trust for the ADR holders who have not yet surrendered their ADRs. After making such sale, the depositary shall have no obligations except to account for such proceeds and other cash. The depositary will not be required to invest such proceeds or pay interest on them.

Limitations on Obligations and Liability to ADR holders

Limits on our obligations and the obligations of the depositary; limits on liability to ADR holders and beneficial owners of ADSs

Prior to the issue, registration, registration of transfer, split-up, combination, or cancellation of any ADRs, or the delivery of any distribution in respect thereof, the depositary and its custodian may require you to pay, provide or deliver:

● payment with respect thereto of (a) any stock transfer or other tax or other governmental charge, (b) any stock transfer or registration fees in effect for the registration of transfers of shares or other deposited securities upon any applicable register, and (c) any applicable fees and expenses described in the deposit agreement;

● the production of proof satisfactory to the depositary and/or its custodian of (a) the identity of any signatory and genuineness of any signature and (b) such other information, including without limitation, information as to citizenship, residence, exchange control approval, beneficial ownership of any securities, payment of applicable taxes or governmental charges, or legal or beneficial ownership and the nature of such interest, information relating to the registration of the shares on the books maintained by or on our behalf for the transfer and registration of shares, compliance with applicable laws, regulations, provisions of or governing deposited securities and terms of the deposit agreement and the ADR, as it may deem necessary or proper; and

● compliance with such regulations as the depositary may establish consistent with the deposit agreement.

The deposit agreement expressly limits the obligations and liability of the depositary, ourselves and our respective agents. Neither we nor the depositary nor any such agent will be liable if:

● present or future law, rule or regulation of the United States, the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China or any other country, or of any governmental or regulatory authority or securities exchange or market or automated quotation system, the provisions of or governing any deposited securities, any present or future provision of our charter, any act of God, war, terrorism or other circumstance beyond our, the depositary’s or our respective agents’ control shall prevent, delay or subject to any civil or criminal penalty any act which the deposit agreement or the ADRs provide shall be done or performed by us, the depositary or our respective agents (including, without limitation, voting);

● it exercises or fails to exercise discretion under the deposit agreement or the ADR;

● it performs its obligations without gross negligence or bad faith;

● it takes any action or refrains from taking any action in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting shares for deposit, any registered holder of ADRs, or any other person believed by it to be competent to give such advice or information; or

● it relies upon any written notice, request, direction or other document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.

Neither the depositary nor its agents have any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities or the ADRs. We and our agents shall only be obligated to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities or the ADRs, which in our opinion may involve us in expense or liability, if indemnity satisfactory to us against all expense (including fees and disbursements of counsel) and liability is furnished as often as may be required. The depositary and its agents may fully respond to any and all demands or requests for information maintained by or on its behalf in connection with the deposit agreement, any registered holder or holders of ADRs, any ADSs or otherwise to the extent such information is requested or required by or pursuant to any lawful authority, including without limitation laws, rules, regulations, administrative or judicial process, banking, securities or other regulators.

The depositary will not be responsible for failing to carry out instructions to vote the deposited securities or for the manner in which the deposited securities are voted or the effect of the vote. In no event shall we, the depositary or any of our respective agents be liable to holders of ADSs or interests therein for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages.

The depositary may own and deal in deposited securities and in ADSs.

Disclosure of Interest in ADSs

To the extent that the provisions of or governing any deposited securities may require disclosure of or impose limits on beneficial or other ownership of deposited securities, other shares and other securities and may provide for blocking transfer, voting or other rights to enforce such disclosure or limits, you agree to comply with all such disclosure requirements and ownership limitations and to comply with any reasonable instructions we may provide in respect thereof. We reserve the right to request you to deliver your ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal of the deposited securities so as to permit us to deal with you directly as a holder of deposited securities and, by holding an ADS or an interest therein, you will be agreeing to comply with such instructions.

Requirements for Depositary Actions

We, the depositary or the custodian may refuse to:

● issue, register or transfer an ADR or ADRs;

● effect a split-up or combination of ADRs;

● deliver distributions on any such ADRs; or

● permit the withdrawal of deposited securities (unless the deposit agreement provides otherwise), until the following conditions have been met:

o the holder has paid all taxes, governmental charges, and fees and expenses as required in the deposit agreement;

o the holder has provided the depositary with any information it may deem necessary or proper, including, without limitation, proof of identity and the genuineness of any signature; and

o the holder has complied with such regulations as the depositary may establish under the deposit agreement.

The depositary may also suspend the issuance of ADSs, the deposit of shares, the registration, transfer, split-up or combination of ADRs, or the withdrawal of deposited securities (unless the deposit agreement

Books of Depositary

The depositary or its agent will maintain a register for the registration, registration of transfer, combination and split-up of ADRs, which register shall include the depositary’s direct registration system. You may inspect such records at such office during regular business hours, but solely for the purpose of communicating with other holders in the interest of business matters relating to the deposit agreement. Such register may be closed from time to time, when deemed expedient by the depositary.

The depositary will maintain facilities to record and process the issuance, cancellation, combination, split-up and transfer of ADRs. These facilities may be closed from time to time, to the extent not prohibited by law.

Appointment

In the deposit agreement, each holder and each person holding an interest in ADSs, upon acceptance of any ADSs (or any interest therein) issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the deposit agreement will be deemed for all purposes to:

● be a party to and bound by the terms of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs; and

● appoint the depositary its attorney-in-fact, with full power to delegate, to act on its behalf and to take any and all actions contemplated in the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs, to adopt any and all procedures necessary to comply with applicable laws and to take such action as the depositary in its sole discretion may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR and ADRs, the taking of such actions to be the conclusive determinant of the necessity and appropriateness thereof.

EX-8.1

Exhibit 8.1

List of the Registrant’s Significant Subsidiaries

Wholly-owned Subsidiaries	Place of Incorporation
Broad Cosmos Enterprises Ltd.	British Virgin Islands
Air Net International Limited	British Virgin Islands
Air Net (China) Limited	Hong Kong
Blockchain Dynamics Limited	Hong Kong
Energy Bytes Inc.	United States
Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.	PRC
Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Xi’an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC

Affiliated Entities Consolidated in the Registrant’s Financial Statements	Place of Incorporation
Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.	PRC
Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd.	PRC
Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.	PRC
Beijing Airnet Pictures Co., Ltd.	PRC
Wenzhou Yuehang Advertising Co., Ltd.	PRC
Beijing Dongding Gongyi Advertising Co., Ltd.	PRC
Guangzhou Meizheng Online Network Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Pictures Co., Ltd.	PRC
Meizheng Network Information Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co.,Ltd.	PRC
Shandong Airmedia Cheweishi Network Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC
Dingsheng Ruizhi (Beiing) Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC
Yuehang Zhongying E-commerce Co., Ltd.	PRC
Beijing Airport United Culture Media Co., Ltd.	PRC
Yuehang Sunshine (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd.	PRC
Air Joy Media Private Limited	Singapore

EX-11.2

Exhibit 11.2

Insider Trading Policy

In order to take an active role in the prevention of insider trading violations by its officers, directors, employees and other related individuals, AirNet Technology Inc., (the Company) has adopted the policies and procedures described in this Memorandum.

I. Adoption of Insider Trading Policy

The Company has adopted the Insider Trading Policy attached hereto as Attachment 1 (the “Policy”), which prohibits trading based on material, nonpublic information regarding the Company (“Inside Information”). The Policy covers officers, directors and all other employees of, or consultants or contractors to, the Company, as well as family members of such persons, and others, in each case where such persons have or may have access to Inside Information. The Policy (and/or a summary thereof) is to be delivered to all new employees and consultants upon the commencement of their relationships with the Company.

II. Designation of Certain Persons

A.Section 16 Individuals. The Company has identified on Attachment 2 certain persons who are the directors and officers who are subject to the reporting and liability provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 16 Individuals”). These persons will be notified by the Company as to their obligations under Section 16. This list of persons will be amended from time to time as appropriate to reflect the election of new officers or directors, any change in function of current officers and the resignation or departure of current officers or directors.

B.Other Persons. The Company will from time to time identify other persons, including those persons identified on Attachment 3 hereto, who, together with the Section 16 Individuals, should be subject to the pre-clearance requirement described in Section V.A., in that the Company believes that, in the normal course of their duties or with respect to a particular matter, such persons have, or are likely to have, regular or special access to Inside Information.

III. Establishment of Trading Window

The Company has determined that all directors and officers and those other employees of the Company identified on Attachment 4 (as may be amended from time to time), shall be prohibited from buying, selling or otherwise effecting transactions in any stock or other securities of the Company or derivative securities thereof except during a trading window that will begin at the open of market on the trading day following the second date of public disclosure of the Company’s financial results for a particular fiscal quarter or year and will end at the close of market on the 30th day of the last calendar month of the next fiscal quarter. In addition, the Company shall have the right to impose special black-out periods during which such persons will be prohibited from buyers, selling or otherwise effecting transactions in any stock or other securities of the Company or derivative securities thereof, even though the trading window would otherwise be open. These restrictions on trading shall not apply to transactions made under a trading plan adopted pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1(c) (17 C.F.R. § 240.10b5-1(c)) (“Rule 10b5-1(c)”) and approved in writing by the Board of Directors of the Company or a committee thereof, or such proper officer(s) of the Company as may be designated by the Board of Directors (an “approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan”).

IV. Appointment of Compliance Officer

The Company has appointed the Company’s General Counsel as the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer.

V. Duties of Compliance Officer

The duties of the Compliance Officer shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

A.Other than transactions made pursuant to an approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, pre-clearing all transactions involving the Company’s securities by those individuals listed on Attachment 3 that have been identified and informed by the Company in order to determine compliance with the Policy, insider trading laws, Section 16 of the Exchange Act and Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This list of persons will be amended from time to time as appropriate.

B.Assisting in the preparation and filing of Section 16 reports (Forms 3, 4 and 5) for all Section 16 Individuals.

C.Serving as the designated recipient at the Company of copies of reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by Section 16 Individuals under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

D.Periodically reminding all Section 16 Individuals regarding their obligations to report and quarterly reminders of the dates that the trading window described in Section III above begins and ends.

E.Performing periodic cross-checks of available materials, which may include Forms 3, 4 and 5, Forms 144, officer’s and director’s questionnaires, and reports received from the Company’s stock administrator and transfer agent, to determine trading activity by officers, directors and others who have, or may have, access to Inside Information.

F.Circulating the Policy (and/or a summary thereof) to all employees, including Section 16 Individuals, on an annual basis, and providing the Policy and other appropriate materials to new officers, directors and others who have, or may have, access to Inside Information.

G.Assisting the Company in implementation of the Policy.

H.Coordinating with Company counsel regarding compliance activities with respect to Rule 144 requirements and regarding changing requirements and recommendations for compliance with Section 16 of the Exchange Act and insider trading laws to ensure that the Policy is amended as necessary to comply with such requirements.

Attachment 1 - Insider Trading Policy & Guidelines with Respect to Certain Transactions in Company Securities

Certain Transactions in Company Securities

This Policy provides guidelines to employees, officers and directors of, and consultants and contractors to AirNet Technology Inc. (the “Company”) with respect to transactions in the Company’s securities.

Applicability of Policy

This Policy applies to all transactions in the Company’s securities, including common stock, options for common stock and any other securities the Company may issue from time to time, such as preferred stock, warrants and convertible debentures, as well as to derivative securities relating to the Company’s stock, whether or not issued by the Company, such as exchange-traded options. It applies to all officers of the Company, all members of the Company’s Board of Directors, and all employees of, and consultants and contractors to, the Company and its subsidiaries, who receive or have access to Material Nonpublic Information (as defined below) regarding the Company. This group of people, members of their immediate families, and members of their households are sometimes referred to in this Policy as “Insiders.” This Policy also applies to any person who receives Material Nonpublic Information from any Insider. Any person who possesses Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company is an Insider for so long as the information is not publicly known. Any employee can be an Insider from time to time, and would at those times be subject to this Policy.

Statement of Policy

General Policy

It is the policy of the Company to oppose the unauthorized disclosure of any nonpublic information acquired in the work-place and the misuse of Material Nonpublic Information in securities trading.

Specific Policies

1.Trading on Material Nonpublic Information. No director, officer or employee of, or consultant or contractor to, the Company, and no member of the immediate family or household of any such person, shall engage in any transaction involving a purchase or sale of the Company’s securities, including any offer to purchase or offer to sell, during any period commencing with the date that he or she possesses Material Nonpublic Information concerning the Company, and ending at the beginning of the Trading Day following the second date of public disclosure of that information, or at such time as such nonpublic information is no longer material. As used herein, the term “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which national stock exchanges and the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) are open for trading. A “Trading Day” begins at the time trading begins on such day. This restriction on trading does not apply to transactions made under a trading plan adopted pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1(c) (17 C.F.R. § 240.10b5-1(c)) (“Rule 10b5-1 (c)”) and approved in writing by the Company (an “approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan”).

2.Tipping. No Insider shall disclose (“tip”) Material Nonpublic Information to any other person (including family members) where such information may be used by such person to his or her profit by trading in the securities of companies to which such information relates, nor shall such Insider or related person make recommendations or express opinions on the basis of Material Nonpublic Information as to trading in the Company’s securities.

3.Confidentiality of Nonpublic Information. Nonpublic information relating to the Company is the property of the Company and the unauthorized disclosure of such information is forbidden. In the event any officer, director or employee of the Company receives

any inquiry from outside the Company, such as a stock analyst, for information (particularly financial results and/or projections) that may be Material Nonpublic Information, the inquiry should be referred to the Company’s General Counsel, who is responsible for coordinating and overseeing the release of such information to the investing public, analysts and others in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Potential Criminal and Civil Liability and/or Disciplinary Action

1.Liability for Insider Trading. Pursuant to federal and state securities laws, insiders may be subject to criminal and civil fines and penalties as well as imprisonment for engaging in transactions in the Company’s securities at a time when they have knowledge of Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company.

2.Liability for Tipping. Insiders may also be liable for improper transactions by any person (commonly referred to as a “tippee”) to whom they have disclosed Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company or to whom they have made recommendations or expressed opinions on the basis of such information as to trading in the Company’s securities. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has imposed large penalties even when the disclosing person did not profit from the trading. The SEC, the stock exchanges and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. use sophisticated electronic surveillance techniques to uncover insider trading.

3.Possible Disciplinary Actions. Employees of the Company who violate this Policy shall also be subject to disciplinary action by the Company, which may include ineligibility for future participation in the Company’s equity incentive plans or termination of employment.

Trading Guidelines and Requirements

1.Black-Out Period and Trading Window.

a.Black-Out Period. The period beginning at the close of market on the 30th day of the last calendar month of each fiscal quarter and ending at the beginning of the Trading Day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for that quarter is a particularly sensitive period of time for transactions in the Company’s stock from the perspective of compliance with applicable securities laws. This sensitivity is due to the fact that officers, directors and certain employees will, during that period, often possess Material Nonpublic Information about the expected financial results for the quarter during that period. Accordingly, this period of time is referred to as a “black-out” period. All directors and officers and those other employees identified by the Company from time to time and who have been notified that they have been so identified are prohibited from trading during such period.

In addition, from time to time Material Nonpublic Information regarding the Company may be pending. While such information is pending, the Company may impose a special “black-out” period during which the same prohibitions and recommendations shall apply. These restrictions on trading do not apply to transactions made under an approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

b.Mandatory Trading Window. To ensure compliance with this Policy and applicable federal and state securities laws, the Company requires that all directors and officers and those certain identified employees of the Company refrain from conducting transactions involving the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities other than during the period (the “trading window”) commencing at the open of market on the Trading Day following the second date of public disclosure of the financial results for a particular fiscal quarter or year and continuing until the close of market on the 30th day of the last calendar month of the next fiscal quarter. This restriction on trading does not apply to transactions made under an approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. The prohibition against trading during the black-out period encompasses the fulfillment of “limit orders” by any broker for a director, officer or employee, as applicable, and the brokers with whom any such limit order is placed must be so instructed at the time it is placed.

From time to time, the Company may also prohibit directors, officers and potentially a larger group of employees, consultants and contractors from trading securities of the Company because of material developments known to the Company and not yet disclosed to the public. In such event, directors, officers and such employees, consultants and contractors may not engage in any transaction involving the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities and should not disclose to others the fact of such suspension of trading. This restriction on trading does not apply to transactions made under an approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. The Company would re-open the trading window at the beginning of the Trading Day following the second date of public disclosure of the information, or at such time as the information is no longer material.

It should be noted that even during the trading window, any person possessing Material Nonpublic Information concerning the Company, whether or not subject to the black-out period and trading window, should not engage in any transactions in the Company’s securities until such information has been known publicly for at least one Trading Day, whether or not the Company has recommended a suspension of trading to that person. This restriction on trading does not apply to transactions made under an approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Trading in the Company’s securities during the trading window should not be considered a “safe harbor,” and all directors, officers and other persons should use good judgment at all times.

2.Pre-Clearance of Trades. The Company has determined that all executive officers and directors of the Company and certain other persons identified by the Company from time to time and who have been notified that they have been so identified must refrain from trading in the Company’s securities, even during the trading window, without first complying with the Company’s “pre-clearance” process. Each such person should contact the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer prior to commencing any trade in the Company’s securities. The Insider Trading Compliance Officer will consult as necessary with senior management of and/or counsel to the Company before clearing any proposed trade. Although an Insider wishing to trade pursuant to an approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan need not seek pre-clearance from the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer before each trade takes place, such an Insider must obtain Company approval of the proposed Rule 10b5-1 trading plan before it is adopted.

3.Individual Responsibility. Every officer, director and other employee, consultant and contractor has the individual responsibility to comply with this Policy against insider trading. An Insider may, from time to time, have to forego a proposed transaction in the Company’s securities even if he or she planned to make the transaction before learning of the Material Nonpublic Information and even though the Insider believes he or she may suffer an economic loss or forego anticipated profit by waiting.

Applicability of Policy to Inside Information Regarding Other Companies

This Policy and the guidelines described herein also apply to Material Nonpublic Information relating to other companies, including the Company’s vendors and suppliers (“business partners”), when that information is obtained in the course of employment with, or the performance of services on behalf of, the Company. Civil and criminal penalties, and termination of employment, may result from trading on inside information regarding the Company’s business partners. All officers, directors, employees, consultants and contractors should treat Material Nonpublic Information about the Company’s business partners with the same care required with respect to information related directly to the Company.

Definition of Material Nonpublic Information

It is not possible to define all categories of material information. However, information should be regarded as material if there is a reasonable likelihood that it would be considered important to an investor in making an investment decision regarding the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities.

While it may be difficult under this standard to determine whether particular information is material, there are various categories of information that are particularly sensitive and, as a general rule, should always be considered material. Examples of such information may include:

· Financial results

· Known but unannounced future earnings or losses

· Changes in subscription rates

· News of a pending or proposed mergers

· News of the disposition or acquisition of significant assets

· Significant developments related to intellectual property

· Significant developments involving corporate relationships

· Changes in dividend policy

· New service announcements of a significant nature

· Stock splits

· New equity or debt offerings

· Significant litigation exposure due to actual or threatened litigation

Either positive or negative information may be material.

Nonpublic information is information that has not been previously disclosed to the general public and is otherwise not available to the general public.

Certain Exceptions

For purposes of this Policy, the Company considers that the exercise of stock options for cash under the Company’s stock option plan and the purchase of shares pursuant to the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (but not the sale of any shares issued upon such exercise or purchase and not a cashless exercise (accomplished by a sale of a portion of the shares issued upon exercise of an option)) are exempt from this Policy, since the other party to these transactions is the Company itself and the price does not vary with the market, but is fixed by the terms of the option agreement or plan, as applicable. In addition, for purposes of this Policy, the Company considers that bona fide gifts of the securities of the Company are exempt from this Policy.

Additional Information - Directors and Officers

Directors and officers of the Company and certain other persons identified by the Company from time to time must also comply with the reporting obligations and limitations on short-swing transactions set forth in Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The practical effect of these provisions is that officers, directors and such other persons who purchase and sell the Company’s securities within a six-month period must disgorge all profits to the Company whether or not they had knowledge of any Material Nonpublic Information. Under these provisions, and so long as certain other criteria are met, neither the receipt of an option under the Company’s option plans, nor the exercise of that option is deemed a purchase under Section 16; however, the sale of any such shares is a sale under Section 16. In addition, the receipt of stock under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan is not deemed a purchase under Section 16, but the subsequent sale of such stock is not exempt from Section 16. Section 16 prohibits executive officers and directors from ever making a short sale of the Company’s stock. A short sale is a sale of securities not owned by the seller or, if owned, not delivered. Transactions in put and call options for the Company’s securities may in some instances constitute a short sale or may otherwise result in liability for short swing profits. All executive officers and directors of the Company and such other identified persons must confer with the Insider Trading Compliance Officer before effecting any such transaction. The Company strongly discourages all such short-swing and short sale transactions by executive officers, directors and all employees.

While employees who are not executive officers and directors are not prohibited by law from engaging in short sales of the Company’s securities, the Company believes it is inappropriate for employees to engage in such transactions and therefore strongly discourages all employees from such activity. The Company has provided, or will provide, separate memoranda and other appropriate materials to its executive officers and directors and those identified employees regarding compliance with Section 16 and its related rules.

Inquiries

Please direct your questions as to any of the matters discussed in this Policy to the Company’s Insider Trading Compliance Officer, the Company’s General Counsel, or his or her successor.

EX-12.1

Exhibit 12.1

Certification by the Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Dan Shao, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of AirNet Technology Inc. (the “Company”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

April 28, 2023
	By:	/s/ Dan Shao
	Name:	Dan Shao
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

EX-12.2

Exhibit 12.2

Certification by the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Man Guo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of AirNet Technology Inc. (the “Company”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

April 28, 2023
	By:	/s/ Man Guo
	Name:	Man Guo
	Title:	Interim Chief
		Financial Officer

EX-13.1

Exhibit 13.1

Certification by the Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of AirNet Technology Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dan Shao, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

April 28, 2023
	By:	/s/ Dan Shao
	Name:	Dan Shao
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

EX-13.2

Exhibit 13.2

Certification by the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of AirNet Technology Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Man Guo, interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

April 28, 2023
	By:	/s/ Man Guo
	Name:	Man Guo
	Title:	Interim Chief Financial Officer

EX-15.1

Exhibit 15.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of AirNet Technology Inc. on Form S-8 (file No.333-148352, No.333-164219, No.333-183448 and No. 333-187442) and on Form F-3 (file No.333-161067) of our report which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, dated April 28, 2023, with respect to our audit of the consolidated financial statements of AirNet Technology Inc. as of December 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2022, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 20-F of AirNet Technology Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022.

/s/ Audit Alliance LLP

Audit Alliance LLP Singapore

April 28, 2023

EX-15.2

Exhibit 15.2

中国北京建国门外大街1号国贸写字楼2座12-14层100004

12-14th Floor, China World Office 2, No. 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing 100004, China

电话Tel： +86 10 6563 7181传真Fax： +86 10 6569 3838

电邮Email：beijing@tongshang.com网址Web：www.tongshang.com

April 28, 2023

AirNet Technology Inc.Suite 301 No. 26Dongzhimenwai StreetChaoyang District, Beijing 100027People's Republic of China

Dear Sirs,

We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the headings “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factor” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview”, insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of PRC laws and regulations, in AirNet Technology Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and further consent to the incorporation by reference into the Registration Statements No. 333-148352, 333-164219, 333-183448 and 333-187442 on Form S-8 of AirNet Technology Inc. of the summary of our opinions under the headings of “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factor” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview”. We also consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report.

Sincerely Yours,

/s/ Commerce & Finance Law Offices

Commerce & Finance Law Offices

EX-15.3

Exhibit 15.3

Our refRDS/629535-000001/26250630v1

AirNet Technology Inc.

Suite 301 No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street

Chaoyang District

Beijing, 100027

People’s Republic of China

28 April 2023

AirNet Technology Inc.

We have acted as legal advisors as to the laws of the Cayman Islands to AirNet Technology Inc., an exempted limited liability company incorporated in the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), in connection with the filing by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of an annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2022 (the “Annual Report”).

We hereby consent to the reference of our name under the heading “Item 16G Corporate Governance” in the Annual Report, and further consent to the incorporation by reference into the Registration Statements No. 333-148352, 333-164219, 333-183448 and 333-187442 on Form S-8 of the Company of the summary of our opinion under the heading of “Item 16G Corporate Governance” in the Annual Report. We also consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report.

Yours faithfully

/s/ Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP

EX-15.4

Exhibit 15.4

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM’S CONSENT

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of AirNet Technology Inc. (formerly known as AirMedia Group Inc.) on Form S-8 (file No.333-148352, No.333-164219, No.333-183448 and No. 333-187442) and on Form F-3 (file No.333-161067) of our report, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, dated May 6, 2021, except for Note 11 as to which the date is April 28, 2023, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of AirNet Technology Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2020, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F of AirNet Technology Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022.

/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP

Marcum Asia CPAs LLP

Formerly Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP

New York, NY

April 28, 2023

NEW YORK OFFICE • 7 Penn Plaza • Suite 830 • New York, New York • 10001

Phone 646.442.4845 • Fax 646.349.5200 • www.marcumasia.com

EX-16.1

Exhibit 16.1

April 28, 2023

Securities and Exchange Commission

100 F Street, N.E.

Washington, D.C. 20549

Commissioners:

We have read Item 16F of the Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 dated April 28, 2023 of AirNet Technology Inc. and are in agreement with the statements contained therein concerning Marcum Asia CPAs LLP. We have no basis to agree or disagree with other statements of the registrant contained therein.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP

Marcum Asia CPAs LLP

Formerly Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP

NEW YORK OFFICE • 7 Penn Plaza • Suite 830 • New York, New York • 10001

Phone 646.442.4845 • Fax 646.349.5200 • www.marcumasia.com

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	20-F
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33765
Entity Registrant Name	AIRNET TECHNOLOGY INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	E9
Entity Address, Address Line One	Suite 301
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Chaoyang District
Entity Address, City or Town	Beijing
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	100027
Entity Address, Country	CN
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Document Accounting Standard	U.S. GAAP
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001413745
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Auditor Name	Audit Alliance LLP	Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (Formerly Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP)
Auditor Firm ID	3487	5395
Auditor Location	Singapore	New York, NY
Business contact
Document and Entity Information
Entity Address, Address Line One	Suite 301,
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Chaoyang District
Entity Address, City or Town	Beijing
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10027
Entity Address, Country	CN
City Area Code	86
Local Phone Number	10 8460 8818
Contact Personnel Name	Dan Shao
Contact Personnel Email Address	ellen@airmedia.com.sg
ADS
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depositary Shares, each representing one ordinary share, par value US$0.04 per share
Trading Symbol	ANTE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	24,818
Ordinary shares
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share*
Trading Symbol	ANTE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	8,923,687

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,700	$ 1,569
Accounts receivable, net	1,421	2,258
Prepaid concession fees, net	0	628
Other current assets, net	65,072	31,534
Cryptocurrency, less impairment	0	659
Amount due from related parties	601	0
Total current assets	69,794	36,648
Property and equipment, net	10,885	19,302
Long-term investments, net	34,083	39,554
Long-term deposits, net	371	513
Right-of-use assets	16	18
TOTAL ASSETS	115,149	96,035
Current liabilities:
Short-term loan	12,822	15,174
Accounts payable	15,774	18,365
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	11,277	9,695
Deferred revenue	7,745	3,428
Consideration received from buyer	29,000	31,384
Payable for earnout commitment	22,120	23,939
Amounts due to related parties	1,174	0
Income tax payable	1,865	2,963
Lease liability, current	10	8
Total current liabilities	101,787	104,956
Non-current liabilities:
Lease liability, non-current	9	13
Total liabilities	101,796	104,969
Equity
Ordinary shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	359	181
Additional paid-in capital	332,746	298,685
Treasury stock (245,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)	(1,148)	(1,148)
Accumulated deficits	(318,239)	(304,904)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	32,044	31,685
Total AirNet Technology Inc.'s shareholders' equity	45,762	24,499
Non-controlling interests	(32,409)	(33,433)
Total (deficit) equity	13,353	(8,934)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND (DEFICIT) EQUITY	$ 115,149	$ 96,035

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.04	$ 0.04	$ 0.04
Common stock, shares authorized	22,500,000		22,500,000
Common stock, shares issued	8,948,505		4,499,654
Common stock, shares outstanding	8,923,687		4,474,836
Treasury stock, shares	245,818		245,818

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues	$ 2,969	$ 11,796	$ 23,546
Business tax and other sales tax	(101)	(119)	(112)
Net revenues	2,868	11,677	23,434
Less: Cost of revenues	5,223	14,775	19,588
Gross profit (loss)	(2,355)	(3,098)	3,846
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	1,411	1,978	2,533
General and administrative	5,752	8,533	9,807
Research and development	35	365	724
Impairment of equipment	4,526	0	0
Total operating expenses	11,724	10,876	13,064
Loss from operations	(14,079)	(13,974)	(9,218)
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense, net	(911)	(1,120)	(742)
Loss from and impairment on long-term investments	(2,670)	(2,990)	(2,947)
Other income, net	5,366	581	9,120
Total other income (expense)	1,785	(3,529)	5,431
Loss before income taxes	(12,294)	(17,503)	(3,787)
Income tax (benefits) expenses	17	284	(10,235)
Net income (loss)	(12,311)	(17,787)	6,448
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests	1,024	(452)	(1,079)
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.'s shareholders	$ (13,335)	$ (17,335)	$ 7,527
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
Diluted	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per ordinary share
Basic	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Diluted	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
ADS [Member]
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
Diluted	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per ordinary share
Basic	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Diluted	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income (loss)
Net income (loss)	$ (12,311)	$ (17,787)	$ 6,448
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax of nil:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	359	377	(384)
Comprehensive income (loss)	(11,952)	(17,410)	6,064
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	1,024	(452)	(1,079)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.'s shareholders	$ (12,976)	$ (16,958)	$ 7,143

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax of nil	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Ordinary shares [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common [Member]	(Accumulated deficits) retained earnings [Member]	Accumulated other comprehensive income [Member]	AirNet Technology Inc.'s shareholders' equity [Member]	Non-controlling interests [Member]	Total
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 152	$ 288,879	$ (2,351)	$ (286,365)	$ 31,308	$ 31,623	$ (32,981)	$ (1,358)
Beginning Balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	3,738,527
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation	$ 1	0	1,203	(1,204)	0	0	0	0
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation, (in shares)	25,989
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	$ 28	8,922	0	0	0	8,950	0	8,950
Shares issued for purchase of equipment (in shares)	710,320
Share-based compensation	$ 0	186	0	0	0	186	0	186
Capital contribution	0	698	0	0	0	698	0	698
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0	0	0	0	377	377	0	377
Net income (loss)	0	0	0	(17,335)	0	(17,335)	(452)	(17,787)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 181	298,685	(1,148)	(304,904)	31,685	24,499	(33,433)	(8,934)
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021	4,474,836
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	$ 178	34,001	0	0	0	34,179	0	34,179
Shares issued for purchase of equipment (in shares)	4,448,851
Share-based compensation	$ 0	60	0	0	0	60	0	60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0	0	0	0	359	359	0	359
Net income (loss)	0	0	0	(13,335)	0	(13,335)	1,024	(12,311)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 359	$ 332,746	$ (1,148)	$ (318,239)	$ 32,044	$ 45,762	$ (32,409)	$ 13,353
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	8,923,687

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$ (12,311)	$ (17,787)	$ 6,448
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Bad debt provisions	100	258	412
Depreciation and amortization	2,836	3,954	1,334
Amortization of right-of-use asset	17	571	946
Impairment of fixed assets and crypotcurrencies	4,510	0	0
Share-based compensation	60	186	186
Loss from and impairment on long-term investments	2,670	2,990	2,947
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	0	0	13
Cost of non-deductible input VAT that generated in prior years	27	521	1,318
Other income on concession payable waived	0	0	(563)
Other income on disposal of subsidiaries	0	0	(8,974)
Income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP	0	0	(11,065)
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	737	7,882	(1,717)
Prepaid concession fees	628	(628)	724
Other current assets	614	547	(606)
Cryptocurrency, less impairment	228	(659)
Long-term deposits	142	(131)	499
Amount due from related parties	0	27	1
Accounts payable	(2,591)	(3,846)	1,075
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(331)	620	141
Deferred revenue	4,317	839	(327)
Amount due to related parties	76	0	821
Income tax payable	(1,098)	571	1,391
Lease liabilities	(17)	(890)	(559)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	614	(4,975)	(5,555)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment	0	(83)	(2,805)
Proceeds from disposal of equity investment	0	0	7,245
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries	0	435	0
Net cash provided by investing activities	0	352	4,440
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Cash received from short-term bank loans	10,745	18,938	5,217
Cash repaid for short-term bank loans	(11,942)	(6,762)	0
Cash repaid for long-term loan	0	(2,605)	(145)
Cash repaid to third party	(537)	(18,171)	0
Cash received from loans due to related parties	1,098	0	0
Cash received from loans due to third parties	2,449	0	0
Loans provided to related parties	(601)	0	0
Cash repaid for loan due to related parties	0	(1,531)	(1,849)
Capital contribution from non-controlling interest	0	698	1,449
Financing received from the third parties	0	0	14,492
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,212	(9,433)	19,164
Effect of exchange rate changes	(833)	367	690
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,131	(14,041)	14,651
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year	1,569	15,610	959
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	2,700	1,569	15,610
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Income tax paid	12	72	16
Interests paid	838	784	326
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	34,179	8,950	2,531
Dividend from a RPT to settle the payable to that RPT	0	0	679
Recognition of right-of-use and lease payment liability	$ 0	$ 94	$ 59

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,700	$ 1,569	$ 283
Restricted cash	0	0	15,327
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 2,700	$ 1,569	$ 15,610

XML

ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

1.           ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Introduction of the Group

AirNet Technology Inc. (“AirNet” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 12, 2007.

AirNet, its subsidiaries, through its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and VIEs’ subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) to operate its out-of-home advertising network, primarily air travel advertising network, in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). And the Company conducts the cryptocurrencies mining business operations by its Hong Kong subsidiary Blockchain Dynamics Limited.

The Group provides advertising time slots in the form of digital TV screens on airplanes, and media contents display in air travel. Collaborating with the Group’s partners, AirNet serves airline travelers with interactive entertainment and a coverage of breaking news, and furnishes corporate clients with advertisements tailored to the perceptions of the travelers.

The Group generates revenue from the cryptocurrency earns through its mining activities.

1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

Introduction of the Group – continued

As of issuance date of this report, details of the Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows:

	Date of		Percentage
	incorporation/	Place of	of legal
Name	acquisition	incorporation	ownership
Intermediate Holding Company:
Broad Cosmos Enterprises Ltd. (“Broad Cosmos”)	June 26, 2006	British Virgin Islands ("BVI")	100
AirNet International Limited ("AirNet International")	July 14, 2007	BVI	100
AirNet (China) Limited ("AN China")	August 5, 2005	Hong Kong	100
Subsidiaries:
Blockchain Dynamics Limited	January 11, 2021	Hong Kong	100
Energy Bytes Inc.	January 21, 2022	United States	100
Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Chuangyi Technology")	September 19, 2005	the PRC	100
Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Yuehang")	June 6, 2006	the PRC	100
Xi’an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xi’an Shengshi")	December 31, 2007	the PRC	100
VIEs:
Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Linghang Shengshi ")	August 7, 2005	the PRC	N/A
Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.(“Iwanfan”)	May 6, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Online")	April 30, 2015	the PRC	N/A
VIEs’ subsidiaries:
Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Yuehang")	January 16, 2008	the PRC	N/A
Beijing AirNet Pictures Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Pictures")	September 13, 2007	the PRC	N/A
Wenzhou Yuehang Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Wenzhou Yuehang")	October 17, 2008	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Dongding Gongyi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Dongding")	February 1, 2010	the PRC	N/A
Guangzhou Meizheng Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Guangzhou Meizheng")	May 17, 2013	the PRC	N/A
Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Air Esurfing")	September 25, 2013	the PRC	N/A
Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Linghang")	April 23, 2015	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Pictures Co., Ltd. ("Wangfan Jiaming")	December 31, 2015	the PRC	N/A
Meizheng Network Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Meizheng Network”)	August 8, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co.,Ltd. ("Jiaming Advertising")	January 1, 2007	the PRC	N/A
Shandong Airmedia Cheweishi Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shangdong Cheweishi”)	July 21, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Dingsheng Ruizhi (Beijing) Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Dingsheng Ruizhi”)	May 25, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Zhongying E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Zhongying”)	May 17, 2018	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Airport United Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Airport United”)	June 19, 2018	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Sunshine (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Yuehang Asset”)	January 18, 2019	the PRC	N/A
Air Joy Media Private Limited (“Air Joy”)	November 15, 2019	Singapore	N/A

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements

Chinese regulations currently limit foreign ownership of companies that provide advertising services, including out-of-home television advertising services. Since December 30, 2005, foreign investors have been permitted to own directly 100% interest in PRC advertising companies if the foreign investor has at least three years of direct operations of advertising business outside of the PRC.

One of the Company’s subsidiary, AN China, the 100% shareholder of Chuangyi Technology, Shenzhen Yuehang, and Xi’an Shengshi, has been engaged in the advertising business in Hong Kong since September 2008.

The Group conducts substantially all of its activities through VIEs, i.e. Linghang Shengshi, Iwanfan and AirNet Online, and the VIEs’ subsidiaries. The VIEs have entered into the following series of agreements with Chuangyi Technology:

● Technology support and service agreement: Chuangyi Technology provides exclusive technology support and consulting services to the VIEs and in return, the VIEs are required to pay Chuangyi Technology service fees. The VIEs pay to Chuangyi Technology annual service fees in the amount that guarantee that the VIEs can achieve, after deducting such service fees payable to Chuangyi Technology, a net cost-plus rate of no less than 0.5% in the case of Linghang Shengshi, and Jiaming Advertising, or 1.0% in the case of Beijing Yuehang, which final rate should be determined by Chuangyi Technology. The “net cost-plus rate” refers to the operating profit as a percentage of total costs and expenses of a certain entity. The technology support and service fees for each given year payable by AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology under AirNet Online’s technology support and service agreement shall be determined by AirNet Online and Chuangyi Technology at the first month of such year taking into account several factors. Those factors include the credential of the team of Chuangyi Technology that provides services to AirNet Online, the number of service hours, the nature and value of the services provided by Chuangyi Technology, the extent to which Chuangyi Technology provides patent or other license to AirNet Online in its provision of technology support and service and the correlation between AirNet Online’s results of operations and the technology support and service provided by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fee. The technology support and service agreements are effective for ten years and such term is automatically renewed upon its expiry unless either party informs the other party of its intention of no extension at least twenty days prior to the expiration of the agreements.

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

● Technology development agreement: VIEs exclusively engaged Chuangyi Technology to provide technology development services. Chuangyi Technology owns the intellectual property rights developed in the performance of these agreements. Except for AirNet Online, the VIEs pay to Chuangyi Technology annual service fees in the amount that guarantee that the VIEs can achieve, after deducting such service fees payable to Chuangyi Technology, a net cost-plus rate of no less than 0.5% in the case of Linghang Shengshi, and Jiaming Advertising, which final rate should be determined by Chuangyi Technology. It is at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion that the rate and amount of fees ultimately charged the VIEs under these agreements are determined. The “net cost-plus rate” refers to the operating profit as a percentage of total costs and expenses of a certain entity. The technology development fees for each given year payable by AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology under AirNet Online’s technology development agreement shall be determined by AirNet Online and Chuangyi Technology at the first month of such year taking into account several factors. Those factors include the credential of the team of Chuangyi Technology that provides services to AirNet Online, the number of service hours, the nature and value of the services provided by Chuangyi Technology, the extent to which Chuangyi Technology provides patent or other license to AirNet Online in its provision of technology development service and the correlation between AirNet Online’s results of operations and the technology development service provided by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fee. The technology development agreements are effective for ten years and such terms is automatically renewed upon its expiry unless either party informs the other party of its intention of no extension at least twenty days prior to the expiration of the agreements.

● Exclusive Technology Consultation and Service Agreement: AirNet Online exclusively engages Chuangyi Technology to provide consultation services in relation to management, training, marketing and promotion. AirNet Online agrees to pay to Chuangyi Technology the amount of annual service fees as determined by Chuangyi Technology. In the event Chuangyi Technology finds it necessary to make subsequent adjustment to the amount of fees, AirNet Online shall negotiate in good faith with Chuangyi Technology to determine the new fees. The exclusive technology consultation and service agreement remains effective for ten years and such term may be reviewed by Chuangyi Technology’s written confirmation prior to the expiration of the agreement term.

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

● Call option agreement : Under the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of Linghang Shengshi, Beijing Yuehang and Jiaming Advertising, the shareholders of those VIEs irrevocably granted Chuangyi Technology or its designated third party an exclusive option to purchase from the VIEs’ shareholders, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all the equity interests in the VIEs, as the case may be, for the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable law without any other conditions. Under the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of AirNet Online, the shareholders of AirNet Online irrevocably granted Chuangyi Technology or its designated third party an exclusive option to purchase from the shareholders of AirNet Online, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all the equity interests in AirNet Online, as the case may be. To the extent the applicable PRC law does not require the valuation of the subject equity interests and does not otherwise restrict the purchase price for such equity interests, such purchase price shall equal the amount of actual payment made by the respective shareholders of AirNet Online with respect to the equity interests whether in the form or share capital injection or secondary purchase price. If and where the applicable PRC law requires the valuation of the subject equity interests or otherwise has restrictions on the purchase price for such equity interests, such purchase price shall equal the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable law. In addition, under these agreements (except for the call option agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of AirNet Online), Chuangyi Technology has undertaken to act as guarantor of VIEs in all operations-related contracts, agreements and transactions and commit to provide loans to support the business development needs of VIEs or if the VIEs suffer operating difficulties, provided that the relevant VIE’s shareholders satisfy the terms and conditions in the call option agreements. Under PRC laws, to provide an effective guarantee, a guarantor needs to execute a specific written agreement with the beneficiary of the guarantee. As Chuangyi Technology has not entered into any written guarantee agreements with any third-party beneficiaries to guarantee the VIEs’ performance obligations to these third parties, none of these third parties can demand performance from Chuangyi Technology as a guarantor of the VIEs’ performance obligations. The absence of a written guarantee agreement, however, does not affect the conclusion that the Group is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and in turn should consolidate the financials of the VIEs. The term of each call option agreement is ten years and such terms can be renewed upon expiration at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion.

● Equity pledge agreement: Under the equity pledge agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of the Group’s VIEs other than AirNet Online, the shareholders of those VIEs pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in those VIEs to Chuangyi Technology to guarantee those VIEs’ performance of their obligations under the technology support and service agreement and the technology development agreement. Under the equity pledge agreements between Chuangyi Technology and the shareholders of AirNet Online, the shareholders of AirNet Online pledged all of their equity interests, including the right to receive declared dividends, in AirNet Online to Chuangyi Technology to guarantee the performance by AirNet Online of its obligations under its call option agreement and its exclusive technology consultation and service agreement. If the VIEs fail to perform their obligations set forth in the applicable agreements, Chuangyi Technology shall be entitled to exercise all the remedies and powers set forth in the provisions of the applicable equity pledge agreements. Those agreements remain effective for as long as the technology support and service agreements and technology development agreement are effective, or, in the case of AirNet Online, until two years after the term of the obligations under the call option agreement and exclusive technology consultation and service agreement.

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

● Authorization letter: Each shareholder of the VIEs has executed an authorization letter to authorize Chuangyi Technology to exercise certain of its rights, including voting rights, the rights to enter into legal documents and the rights to transfer any or all of its equity interest in the VIEs. The authorization letters by the shareholders of the Group’s VIEs other than AirNet Online will remain effective during the operating periods of the respective VIEs. Such authorization is effective for ten years and such term is renewed upon its expiry at Chuangyi Technology’s sole discretion. The authorization letters by the shareholders of AirNet Online will remain effective for as long as the respective parties remain shareholders of AirNet Online unless terminated earlier by Chuangyi Technology or the call option agreement with respect to AirNet Online is terminated prior to its expiration.

Through the above contractual arrangements, Chuangyi Technology has obtained 100% of shareholders’ voting interest in the VIEs, has the right to receive all dividends declared and paid by the VIEs and may receive substantially all of the net income of the VIEs through the technical support and service fees as determined by Chuangyi Technology at its sole discretion. Accordingly, the Group has consolidated the VIEs because the Group believes, through the contractual arrangements, (1) Chuangyi Technology could direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly affect its economic performance and (2) Chuangyi Technology could receive substantially all of the benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIEs. Other than the contractual arrangements described above, because the management and certain employees of Chuangyi Technology also serve in the VIEs as management or employees, certain operating costs paid by Chuangyi Technology, such as payroll costs and office rental, were re-charged to the VIEs.

Chuangyi Technology also entered into loan agreements with each shareholder of AirNet Online, pursuant to which Chuangyi Technology permits to make loans in an aggregate amount of RMB 50,000 to the shareholders of AirNet Online solely for the incorporation and capitalization of AirNet Online. The loan is interest free and the term of the loan is ten years and shall be automatically renewed on an annual basis unless Chuangyi Technology objects. Chuangyi Technology can require the shareholders to repay all or a portion of the loan before the maturity date with a 15 days prior written notice. Under such circumstances, Chuangyi Technology is entitled to, or designate a third party to, buy all or a portion of the shareholders’ equity interests in AirNet Online on a pro rata basis based on the amount of the repaid principal of the loan.

Risks in relation to the VIE structure

The Group believes that the VIE arrangements are in compliance with PRC law and are legally enforceable. The shareholders of the VIEs are also shareholders of the Group and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the contractual arrangements. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Group’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and if the shareholders of the VIEs were to reduce their interest in the Group, their interests may diverge from that of the Group and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms, for example by influencing the VIEs not to pay the service fees when required to do so.

The Group’s ability to control the VIEs also depends on the authorization letters that Chuangyi Technology has to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, the Group believes the rights granted by the authorization letters is legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

Risks in relation to the VIE structure - continued

In addition, if the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:

● revoke the business and operating licenses of the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and affiliates;

● discontinue or restricting the Group’s PRC subsidiaries’ and affiliates’ operations;

● impose conditions or requirements with which the Group or its PRC subsidiaries and affiliates may not be able to comply; or

● require the Group or its PRC subsidiaries and affiliates to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations;

The imposition of any of these penalties may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct the Group’s business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes the Group to lose the rights to direct the activities of the VIEs and its subsidiaries or the right to receive their economic benefits, the Group would no longer be able to consolidate the VIEs. The Group does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC Government would result in the liquidation of the Group, Chuangyi Technology, or the VIEs.

Certain shareholders of VIEs are also beneficial owners or directors of the Company. In addition, certain beneficial owners and directors of the Company are also directors or officers of VIEs. Their interests as beneficial owners of VIEs may differ from the interests of the Company as a whole. The Company cannot be certain that if conflicts of interest arise, these parties will act in the best interests of the Company or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in the Company’s favor. Currently, the Company does not have existing arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest these parties may encounter in their capacity as beneficial owners of VIEs, on the one hand, and as beneficial owners of the Company, on the other hand. The Company believes the shareholders of VIEs will not act contrary to any of the contractual arrangements and the exclusive purchase right contract provides the Company with a mechanism to remove them as shareholders of VIEs should they act to the detriment of the Company. If any conflict of interest or dispute between the Company and the shareholders of VIEs arises and the Company is unable to resolve it, the Company would have to rely on legal proceedings in the PRC. Such legal proceedings could result in disruption of its business; moreover, there is substantial uncertainty as to the ultimate outcome of any such legal proceedings.

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

The following financial statement information for AirNet’s VIEs were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, presented net of intercompany eliminations, as of and for the years ended December 31:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Total current assets	$	29,093	$	38,369
Total non-current assets		53,744		44,476
Total assets		82,837		82,845
Total current liabilities		350,652		345,450
Total non-current liabilities		13		9
Total liabilities	$	350,665	$	345,459

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net revenues	$	23,434	$	9,075	$	2,867
Net income (loss)		7,672		(15,726)		(2,482)
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,681)		(5,231)		1,729
Net cash provided by investing activities		352		—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		19,164		(9,433)		1,212

The VIEs contributed an aggregate of 100.0%, 77.7% and 96.6% of the consolidated net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 AND 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the VIEs accounted for an aggregate of 86.3% and 71.5%, respectively, of the consolidated total assets, and 71.5% and 69.3%, respectively, of the consolidated total liabilities.

There are no consolidated VIEs’ assets that are collateral for the VIEs’ obligations and can only be used to settle the VIEs’ obligations. There are no creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the VIEs that have recourse to the general credit of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, which require the Company or its subsidiaries to provide financial support to the VIEs. However, if the VIEs ever need financial support, the Company or its subsidiaries may, at its option and subject to statutory limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIEs through loans to the shareholder of the VIEs or entrustment loans to the VIEs.

1.ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

On December 23, 2018, the State Council submitted the draft version of the Foreign Investment Law to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, which was promulgated by the National People’s Congress on its official site on December 26, 2018 for public consultation until February 24, 2019. On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which On December 23, 2018, the PRC State Council submitted the draft version of the Foreign Investment Law to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, which was promulgated by the National People’s Congress on its official site on December 26, 2018 for public consultation until February 24, 2019. On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations.

XML

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a)         Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

(b)          Going concern

The Group has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and has negative working capital of $31,994 as of December 31, 2022.These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Group plans to strengthen the air travel media network business to drive its revenues and bring in cash from operation. In addition, additional computer servers will be placed in service for cryptocurrency minning within next twelve months. However, there is no assurance that the measures above can be achieved as planned. Nevertheless, management prepared the consolidated financial statements assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

(c)         Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, its VIEs and its VIEs’ subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(d)          Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and accompanying notes, including allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-term investments, impairment of long-lived assets, share-based compensation and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(e)          Significant risks and uncertainties

The Group participates in a dynamic industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows: net losses in the past and futures; failure in launching new business; a significant or prolonged economic downturn; contraction in the air travel advertising industry in China; competition from other competitors; regulatory or other PRC related factors; fluctuations in the demand for air travel; past and future acquisitions; failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and effective disclosure controls and procedures; risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth; risks associated with the Group’s growth strategies; and general risks associated with the industry.

(f)         Fair value

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(f)         Fair value - continued

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

(g)          Fair value of financial instruments

The Group’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, cryptocurrency, amount due from related parties, amount due to related parties and accounts payable. The Group did not have any other financial assets and liabilities or nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

The Group’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include equity investment and long-lived assets based on level 2 or 3 inputs.

(h)          Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid deposits which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(i)          Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies are included in current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Group through its mining activities are accounted for in connection with the Group’s revenue recognition policy disclosed below.

Cryptocurrencies held are accounted for as intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized but assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently, when events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, which is measured using the quoted price of the cryptocurrency at the time its fair value is being measured. In testing for impairment, the Group has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is determined that it is not more likely than not that an impairment exists, a quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If the Group concludes otherwise, it is required to perform a quantitative impairment test. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted.

Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Group through its mining activities are included within operating activities on the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The sales of cryptocurrencies are included within investing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows and any realized gains or losses from such sales are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. The Group accounts for its gains or losses in accordance with the first in first out (FIFO) method of accounting.

(j)          Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Group adopted ASC 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit. Management used an expected credit loss model for the impairment of trading receivables as of period ends. Management believes the aging of accounts receivable is a reasonable parameter to estimate expected credit loss, and determines expected credit losses for accounts receivables using an aging schedule as of period ends. The expected credit loss rates under each aging schedule were developed on basis of the average historical loss rates from previous years, and adjusted to reflect the effects of those differences in current conditions and forecasted changes. Management measured the expected credit losses of accounts receivable on a collective basis. When an accounts receivable does not share risk characteristics with other accounts receivables, management will evaluate such accounts receivable for expected credit loss on an individual basis. Doubtful accounts balances are written off and deducted from allowance, when receivables are deemed uncollectible, after all collection efforts have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(k)          Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Digital display network equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixture	5 years
Computer and office equipment	3‑5 years
Vehicle	5 years
Software	5 years
Office property	40 years
Leasehold improvement	Shorter of the term of the lease
	or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements that extend the useful life are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period.

(l)          Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets held and used by the Group are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. It is possible that these assets could become impaired as a result of technology, economy or other industry changes. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Group first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, relief from royalty income approach, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

The Group makes various assumptions and estimates regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values of the respective assets. The assumptions and estimates used to determine future values and remaining useful lives of long-lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as the Group’s business strategy and its forecasts for specific market expansion.

As of December 31, 2022, the net carrying amount of long-lived assets consisted of right of use asset of $16 and property and equipment of $10,885. The property and equipment mainly included office building located in the center of Beijing of $9,324. Due to downtown of the cryptocurrency market, the Company provided fully impairment for the computer servers for cryptocurrency mining with an amount of $4,079.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(m)          Long-term investments

Equity method investments

Investee companies over which the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest are accounted for using the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Group has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, and other factors, such as representation on the investee’s Board of Directors, voting rights and the impact of commercial arrangements, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate.

Equity investments without readily determinable fair values

For investments in an investee over which the Group does not have significant influence, the Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes income as any dividends declared from distribution of investee’s earnings. The Group reviews the equity investments without readily determinable fair values for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may no longer be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment’s carrying amount and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. All equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those resulting in the consolidation of the investee, be accounted for at fair value with all fair value changes recognized in income. For equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values the Group measures the equity investment at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the Group.

Impairment for long-term investments

The Group assesses its long-term investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the companies, including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other company-specific information. The fair value determination, particularly for investments in privately-held companies, requires significant judgment to determine appropriate estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investments and determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income equal to the excess of the investment’s carrying value over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of such investment.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(n)          Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim periods) beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Group has adopted the Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard to leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

The Group leases its offices, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Under Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) on the commencement date: (i) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

At the commencement date, the Group recognizes the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. The right-of-use asset is recognized initially at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. No impairment for right-of-use lease assets as of December 31, 2022.

The Group’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

(o)          Revenue recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, applying the modified retrospective method. The adoption did not result in a material adjustment to the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018.

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Group’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how much revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Group performs the following five-step analysis: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Group’s contract with customers do not include multiple performance obligations, significant financing component and any variable consideration.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(o)          Revenue recognition - continued

The Group is a principal as it controls the specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. The Group is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good or service, has inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer and has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service.

Generally, the Group recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606 for each type of its performance obligation either over time (generally, the transfer of a service) or at a point in time (generally, the transfer of content) as follows:

The Group’s revenues are mainly derived from selling advertising time slots on the Group’s advertising networks and cryptocurrency mining.

Revenue by service categories

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Revenues from operations:
Air Travel Media Network	$	23,474	$	9,191	$	2,768
Cryptocurrency mining		—		2,604		—
Others		72		1		201
	$	23,546	$	11,796	$	2,969

Air Travel Media Network: Revenues are generated from advertising and programming on airplanes. There are also other revenues from the display of media content in air travel.

For the advertising business, the Group typically signs standard contracts with its advertising clients, who require the Group to run the client’s advertisements for a fixed fee on airlines the Group’s contracts with for a specified time period. The Group recognizes advertising revenues ratably over the service period for which the advertisements are displayed, so long as collection remains probable.

The Group also generates revenue from programs that are run on airlines for a period of time. The Group signs standard contracts with the customer who has the copyright of movies or TV programs and requires the Group to play the program for a fixed fee on airlines for a specified time The Group recognizes program display revenues ratably over the performance period for which the program is played, so long as collection remains probable.

It also consisted the revenue through other media network such as on-train and on long-haul bus Wi-Fi network and self-owned and third parties’ public accounts, the Group provides Wechat public account promotion and advertising and promotion articles publishing services. For the public account promotion business, the passengers in the trains could connect to Wi-Fi for free via the Group’s Wi-Fi equipment after registered as a member to that public account as a follower in WeChat. The Group charges a fix rate per new member and collects service fee from the client who owns the public accounts.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(o)          Revenue recognition - continued

Cryptocurrency mining: The Group has entered into digital asset mining pools by executing contracts with the mining pool operators to provide computing power to the mining pool. In exchange for providing computing power, the Group is entitled to a fractional share of the fixed cryptocurrency award the mining pool operator receives for successfully adding a block to the blockchain. The Group’s fractional share is based on the proportion of computing power the Group contributed to the mining pool operator to the total computing power contributed by all mining pool participants in solving the current algorithm.

The provision of providing such computing power is the only performance obligation in the Group’s contracts with mining pool operators. The transaction consideration the Group receives, if any, is noncash consideration, which the Group measures at fair value on the date received, which is not materially different than the fair value at contract inception or the time the Group has earned the award from the pools. The consideration is all variable. Because it is not probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur, the consideration is constrained until the mining pool operator successfully places a block and the Group receives confirmation of the consideration it will receive, at which time revenue is recognized. There is no significant financing component in these transactions.

Fair value of the cryptocurrency award received is determined using the quoted price of the related cryptocurrency at the time of receipt. There is currently no specific definitive guidance under GAAP or alternative accounting framework for the accounting for cryptocurrencies recognized as revenue or held, and management has exercised significant judgment in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. In the event authoritative guidance is enacted by the FASB, the Group may be required to change its policies, which could have an effect on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results from operations.

For the advertising and promotion articles publishing business, the group has developed a public accounts pool which have already accumulated hundreds and thousands of registered users (there are both self-owned and third parties’ public accounts). Wechat public account promotion through on-train Wi-Fi network was ceased in 2019 and no revenue was generated from Wechat public account promotion through Wi-Fi network in following years. The Group still generated immaterial revenue in other self-owned and third parties’ public accounts.

Deferred revenue

Prepayments from customers for advertising service are deferred when corresponding performance obligation is not satisfied and recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered. The balance of deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 is $7,745, the majority of which is $5,295 for the unsatisfied performance obligation with two customers with contracts amount of $5,536.

Nonmonetary exchanges

The Group occasionally exchanges advertising time slots and locations with other entities for assets or services, such as equipment and other assets. The amount of assets and revenue recognized is based on the fair value of the advertising provided or the fair value of the transferred assets, whichever is more readily determinable.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(o)          Revenue recognition - continued

Nonmonetary exchanges - continued

In 2019 the Group also entered into a contract with Beijing Kingsoft Co., Ltd.(“Kingsoft”) to provide advertising services in exchange for office software and recognized revenue of $431. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has received the office software and accounted it as property and equipment, while a deferred revenue was accrued in the meantime as the agreed advertising services has not been provided. As of December 31, 2020, the advertising services have not been provided as Kingsoft did not require the advertising service considering the low efficiency of advertisement due to the impact from COVID-19. No direct costs are attributable to the revenues. There was no revenue recognized for nonmonetary transactions for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.

(p)          Value Added Tax (“VAT”)

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value-added taxes at a rate of 6% on revenues and paid after deducting input VAT on purchases. The net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is reflected in the account as input VAT receivable or other taxes payable. The Group’s gross revenue is presented net of VAT. As of December 31, 2022, the Group assessed the recoverability of estimated input VAT that was generated in prior year and recognized a cost of non-deductible input VAT that was generated in prior years of $27 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(q)          Concession fees

The Group enters concession right agreements with vendors such as airlines and railway bureaus, under which the Group obtains the right to use the spaces or equipment of the vendors to display the advertisements.

Fees under concession right agreements are usually due every three, six or twelve months. Payments made are recorded as current assets and current liabilities according to the respective payment terms. Most of the concession fees with airlines and railway bureaus are fixed with escalation, which means a fixed increase over each year of the agreements. The total concession fee under the concession right agreements with airlines is charged to the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the agreement periods, which is generally between three to five years.

(r)          Agency fees and Advertisement Publishing Fees

The Group pays fees to advertising agencies for identifying and introducing advertisers to the Group and assisting in advertisement publishing based on a certain percentage of revenues made through the advertisement agencies upon receipt of payment from advertisers. The agency fees and advertisement publishing fees are charged to cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations ratably over the period in which the advertisement is displayed. Prepaid and accrued agency fees and advertisement publishing fees are recorded as current assets and current liabilities according to relative timing of payments made and advertising service provided.

(s)          Advertising costs

The Group expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expenses were $201, $143 and $24 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, and have been included as part of selling and marketing expenses.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(t)          Foreign currency translation

The functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong are the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”). The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Renminbi (“RMB”), which are the functional currency of these entities.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.

The Group’s entities with functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.

(u)          Income taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Group as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.

The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, the Group classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of the income tax expense. According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB 100 thousand. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. According to Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, the statute of limitation is six years if any company chargeable with tax has not been assessed or has been assessed at less than the proper amount, the statute of limitation is extended to 10 years if the underpayment of taxes is due to fraud or willful evasion.

The Group evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2022, the Group had no uncertain tax positions that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate.

The Group is not currently under examination by any income taxing authority, nor has it been notified of an impending examination. As of December 31, 2022, income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2021 remain open for statutory examination.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

(v)          Share-based payments

Share-based payment transactions with employees are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument issued, and recognized as compensation expenses over the requisite service periods based on a straight-line method, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.

Share-based payment transactions with non-employees are measured based on the fair value of the options on the measurement date as of each reporting date and recognized as expense over the requisite service periods on a straight-line method subject to adjustments in fair value, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.

(w)          Comprehensive (loss) income

Comprehensive (loss) income includes net (loss) income and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

(x)          Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Group places their cash with financial institutions with high-credit rating and quality in China. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, there are two and three customers accounting for 10% or more of total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, there are three and two customer accounting for 10% or more of total accounts receivables, respectively.

(y)          Net income(loss) per share

Basic net income (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income(loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income(loss) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. Potential common shares in the diluted net income(loss) per share computation are excluded in periods of losses, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

(z)       Recent issued accounting standards

Recently issued ASUs by the FASB are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

XML

SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS

SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS

3.           SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS

The Group has organized its operations into two operating segments. The segments reflect the way the Group evaluates its business performance and manages its operations by the Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance. The Group’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group.

The Group has determined that it operates in two operating segments: (1) cryptocurrency mining, and (2) selling advertising time slots on their network, primarily air travel advertising network throughout PRC. The Group’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.

The following tables present the summary of each reportable segment’s revenue and income, which is considered as a segment operating performance measure, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022:

	For the year ended December 31, 2020
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining		Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	23,546		$	—	$	23,546		$	—	$	23,546
Depreciation and amortization	$	(1,334)		$	—	$	(1,334)		$	—	$	(1,334)
Segment gross profit	$	3,846		$	—	$	3,846		$	—	$	3,846
Segment gross profit margin		16	%		—		16	%		—		16	%

	For the year ended December 31, 2021
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining			Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	9,192		$	2,604		$	11,796		$	—	$	11,796
Depreciation and amortization	$	(1,191)		$	(2,763)		$	(3,954)		$	—	$	(3,954)
Segment gross loss	$	(2,822)		$	(276)		$	(3,098)		$	—	$	(3,098)
Segment gross profit margin		(31)	%		(11)	%		(26)	%		—		(26)	%

	For the year ended December 31, 2022
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining			Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	2,969		$	—		$	2,969		$	—	$	2,969
Depreciation and amortization	$	(808)		$	(2,028)		$	(2,836)		$	—	$	(2,836)
Segment gross loss	$	(442)		$	(1,914)		$	(2,355)		$	—	$	(2,355)
Segment gross profit margin		(15)	%		0	%		(79)	%		—		(79)	%

XML

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

4.           ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Accounts receivable, gross	$	5,408	$	4,311
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(3,150)		(2,890)
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,258	$	1,421

Movement of allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Beginning of year	$	5,437	$	3,797	$	3,150
Addition		524		234		100
Reverse		(144)		(875)		(380)
Disposal of subsidiaries		(2,276)		—		—
Exchange rate adjustment		256		(6)		20
End of year	$	3,797	$	3,150	$	2,890

XML

OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET

OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET

5.           OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET

Other current assets, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021						2022
	Gross		Allowance		Net		Gross		Allowance		Net
Receivable from third party (i)	$	27,107	$	(21,862)	$	5,245	$	29,346	$	(20,002)	$	9,344
Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries (ii)		23,257	$	(8,545)	$	14,712		22,840	$	(7,896)	$	14,944
Input VAT receivable(iii)		5,379		—		5,379		3,296		—		3,296
Other prepaid expenses		4,223		(3,089)		1,134		3,917		(2,490)		1,427
Short-term deposits		3,980		—		3,980		1,102		—		1,102
Prepaid selling and marketing fees		983		(448)		535		533		(319)		214
Receivable from Non-controlling shareholders		736		(736)		—		709		(709)		—
Prepaid individual income tax and other employee advances		510		(166)		344		500		(155)		345
Stock subscriptions receivable(iv)		155		—		155		149		—		149
Prepaid expenses of equipment(v)		—		—		—		34,179		—		34,179
Others		50		—		50		72		—		72
Total	$	66,380	$	(34,846)	$	31,534	$	96,643	$	(31,571)	$	65,072

(i) Receivable from third party mainly represented the concession fee deposits of Guangzhou Meizheng for the ceased operations in providing Wi-Fi services on trains that is expected to be refunded within one year and the refund receivable of concession fee from an airline company. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the management conducted a review on the outstanding balance and recorded bad debt provision on other current assets for which the collectability is assessed to be remote. It also consisted of loans to third parties are in order to secure them to provide advertising services at prime locations to the Group. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Group had balance of various loan agreements with third parties with aggregated amount of $6,723 and $6,056, respectively with the terms of one year. The interest rates were around 5% without any assets pledged for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the bad debt allowance for loan to third parties amounted to $6,699 and $6,056, respectively.

(ii) Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries balance amounted to $23,257 and $22,840 as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, $8,545 and $7,896 of bad debt allowance were made for the receivable balance, respectively. See Note 19 (b) for further discussion of AM Advertising.

(iii) Input VAT receivable decreased by $2,083 from $5,379 as of December 31, 2021 to $3,296 as of December 31, 2022. In 2021 and 2022, economy was adversely affected by the unpredictable COVID-19 and the Group expected that it would be remote to receive invoices to certify the estimated input VAT.

(iv) On December 30, 2020, the Group issued 23,876,308 ordinary shares to purchase computer servers valued at $2,531, which are specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies and have been subsequently transferred to the Group in January 2021.

(v) On April 6, 2022, the Group issued 179,986,169 ordinary shares to purchase computer servers valued at $34,179, which are specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies.

XML

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

6.           PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Wi-Fi and network equipment	$	18,544	$	17,061
Office property		11,747		10,855
Software		10,558		9,756
Digital display network equipment		5,882		5,085
Computer and office equipment		12,671		11,238
Leasehold improvement		2,769		2,540
Furniture and fixture		785		754
Vehicle		586		575
Total original costs		63,542		57,864
Less: impairment		(16,353)		(19,189)
Less: accumulated depreciation		(28,067)		(27,957)
Construction in progress		180		167
Total property and equipment, net	$	19,302	$	10,885

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were $1,334, $3,954 and $2,836, respectively. Impairment loss recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were all nil and $4,079.

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LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET

LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET

7.           LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET

(a)         Equity method investments,net

The Group had the following equity method investments:

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	of			of
Name of company	ownership	Amount		ownership	Amount
	%			%
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. (“BEMC”) (1)	49	$	1,338	49	$	1,186
Lanmeihangbiao Tiandi Internet Investment Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“LMHB”) (2)	40		193	40		178
Unicom AirNet (Beijing) Network Co., Ltd. (“Unicom AirNet”) (3)	39		6,830	39		3,897
Less: impairment on equity method investments:
LMHB (2)			(191)			(178)
Equity method investments, net		$	11,844		$	5,083

(1) In March 2008, the Group entered into a definitive agreement with China Eastern Media Corporation, Ltd., a subsidiary of China Eastern Group and China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited operating the media resources of China Eastern Group, to establish a joint venture, BEMC. BEMC was incorporated on March 18, 2008 in the PRC with China Eastern Media Corporation and the Group holding 51% and 49% equity interest, respectively. BEMC obtained concession rights of certain media resources from China Eastern Group, including the digital TV screens on airplanes of China Eastern Airlines, and paid concession fees to its shareholders as consideration. The investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence to the operation of BEMC. The Group recognized gains of $197, $57 and a loss of $37 on this investment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

(2) In September 2015, AirNet Online entered into an agreement with BlueFocus Wireless Internet (Beijing) Investment Management Co., Ltd. and two individual investors to establish a joint venture, LMHB. LMHB is mainly engaged in investment management of Wi-Fi platform marketing and other mobile internet industries. The investment fully impaired as of December 31, 2018.

(3) On February 22, 2017, AirNet Online established Unicom AirNet, jointly with Unicom Broadband Online Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Haite Kairong Aeronautical Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of a listed company providing aeronautical technical services. Pursuant to a capital contribution agreement entered into by the relevant parties, AirNet Online invested RMB117.9 million in Unicom AirNet. After this transaction, AirNet Online currently holds 39% of equity interests in Unicom AirNet. The investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations of Unicom AirNet. The Group recorded its share of the loss of Unicom AirNet of $2,945 and $2,635 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

7.           LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET - continued

(b)         Equity investments without readily determinable fair values, net

The Group had the following equity investments without readily determinable fair values, other-than-temporary impairment of $52,739 and $48,732 was recognized as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively:

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	of			of
Name of company	ownership	Amount		ownership	Amount
	%			%
Beijing Zhongjiao Huineng Information Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhongjiao Huineng”) (1)	13	$	589	13	$	545
AM Advertising (2)	20		83,534	20		77,187
Less: impairment
Zhongjiao Huineng (1)			(589)			(545)
AM Advertising (2)			(52,150)			(48,187)
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values, net		$	31,384		$	29,000

(1) In January 2016, the Group acquired 13.3% equity interest in Zhongjiao Huineng, a company established in the PRC that is mainly engaged in providing WIFI and GPS service to logistic industry. A full impairment loss was provided as of December 31, 2018.

(2) The investment in AM Advertising was accounted for using the cost method of accounting, as the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence to the operation from 2016. In December 2018, the Group transferred the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising but did not derecognize this long-term investment considering the existence of continuing involvement and more than trivial benefit owned by the Group. Meanwhile the Group determined the fair value of this investment in AM Advertising according to the transaction price received, which became the new basis of the investment. Hence, the investment impairment loss of $50,159 in AM Advertising was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the accumulated impairment was $47,736 as of December 31, 2019 and $50,932 as of December 31, 2020, due to changes from foreign currency translation adjustment. As of October 30, 2019, the Group and the transferee entered into a supplementary agreement on the outstanding amount of RMB380 million. The Group assessed that the supplementary agreement cannot trigger the derecognition of AM Advertising as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

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LEASE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

LEASE

LEASE

8.         LEASE

The Group leases offices space under non-cancelable operating leases, with terms ranging from one to three years. The Group considers those renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of the lease term and initial measurement of right of use assets and lease liabilities. Lease expense for lease payment is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

The Group determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. When available, the Group uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of the Group’s leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Group discount lease payments based on an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate.

The Group’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating lease was as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Right-of-use assets	$	18	$	16
Lease liabilities - current	$	8	$	10
Lease liabilities - non-current		13		9
Total lease liabilities	$	21	$	19

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for the operating lease were as follows as of December 31, 2022:

Remaining lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	1.13
Weighted average discount rate	7.5	%

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Group incurred lease expenses as follows.

	For the year ended December 31,
	2021		2022
Operating lease cost	$	717	$	19
Short-term lease cost		—		—
Total	$	717	$	19

The following is a schedule, by fiscal years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022:

2023	$	27
2024		—
Total lease payments		27
Less: imputed interest		(8)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	19

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

9.          ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the follows:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Accrued payroll and welfare	$	1,833	$	1,742
Other tax payable		55		50
Accrued staff disbursement		1,048		1,010
Deposit payable		27		25
Other current liabilities (i)		6,406		8,137
Other accrued expenses		326		313
	$	9,695	$	11,277

(i) The other current liabilities mainly consist of other payables to third parties of $15,327 that was financed from two third parties for the purpose of capital turnover for operation. The cash received from the other payable to third parties of $15,327 was pledged for certificated deposits in the banks as of December 31, 2020 as the Group need to undertake the guarantee responsibility, and the full amount therein was repaid to one of the third parties in 2021. It also consisted of the amounts due to AM Advertising and its subsidiaries mainly represent the borrowings from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries for the purpose of operation.

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INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

10.          INCOME TAXES

AirNet is a tax-exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

Broad Cosmos is tax-exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.

AN China and Blockchain Dynamics Limited are subject to Hong Kong tax law. According to Tax (Amendment) (No. 3) Ordinance 2018 published by Hong Kong government, form April 1, 2018, under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, the profits tax rate for the first HK$2.0 million of assessable profits will be lowered to 8.25% (half of the rate specified in Schedule 8 to the Inland Revenue Ordinance (IRO)) for corporations and 7.5% (half of the standard rate) for unincorporated businesses (mostly partnerships and sole proprietorships). Assessable profits above HK$2.0 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations and standard rate of 15% for unincorporated businesses. AN China is qualified to elect the tax rate of 8.25% as it has no assessable profit in 2018, and has a small profit in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

The Group’s subsidiaries in the PRC are all subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws and regulations except for Air Joy, which was incorporated in Singapore with an income tax rate of 17% and has no assessable profit in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The EIT rate for the Group’s operating in PRC was 25% with the following exceptions.

Wangfan Linghang qualified for the HNTE (entities that are qualified as “high and new technology enterprises strongly supported by the state”) at the end of 2017 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15%, expiring on December 26, 2020 and was entitled to an EIT rate of 25% afterwards.

Air Esurfing qualified for the HNTE in 2018 and entitled to an EIT rate of 15%, expiring on September 10, 2021 and was entitled to an EIT rate of 25% afterwards.

10.          INCOME TAXES - continued

Income tax expenses (benefits) are as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Income tax expenses (benefits):
Current	$	830	$	284	$	17
Deferred		—		—		—
Income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)		—		—
	$	(10,235)	$	284	$	17

Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the PRC EIT rate of 25% to income before income taxes and the actual provision of income taxes is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020			2021			2022
Net loss before provision for income taxes	$	(3,787)		$	(17,503)		$	(12,294)
PRC statutory tax rate		25	%		25	%		25	%
Income tax at statutory tax rate		(947)			(4,376)			(3,074)
Expenses not deductible for tax purpose
Entertainment expenses exceeded the tax limit		48			42			28
Tax effect of impairment loss on property and equipment and intangible assets		—			—			668
Tax effect of unrealized net operating loss		4,481			5,575			7,780
Tax effect of other permanent differences		19			—			—
Non-taxable gain from subsidiaries disposal		(14,323)			—			—
Effect of income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)			—			—
Changes in valuation allowance		10,282			(763)			(4,326)
Effect of preferential tax rates granted to PRC entities		1,599			121			—
Effect of income tax rate change		(396)			(391)			(1,026)
Effect of income tax rate difference in other jurisdictions		67			76			(33)
Income tax (benefits) expenses	$	(10,235)		$	284		$	17
Effective tax rates		270.3	%		(1.6)	%		(0.1)	%

10.          INCOME TAXES - continued

The principal components of the Group’s deferred income tax assets are as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	10,456	$	10,391
Amortization of intangible assets		589		141
Net operating loss carry forwards		44,878		57,172
Excess marketing and advertising expense (15%)		42		28
Impairment on equipment		—		668
Recognized cost of non-deductible VAT-input that generated in prior years		521		28
Total deferred tax assets		56,486		68,427
Valuation allowance		(56,486)		(68,427)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	—	$	—

The Group had deferred tax assets which consisted of tax loss carry-forwards, accruals and reserves which can be carried forward to offset future taxable income. The valuation allowance provided as of December 31, 2021 and 2022 relates to the deferred tax assets generated by the Group’s VIEs. The Group’s subsidiaries in the PRC had total net operating loss carry forwards approximately of $57,172 as of December 31, 2022. The net operating loss carry forwards for the PRC subsidiaries will expire on various dates through year 2026. The Group’s valuation allowance increased by $11,941 from $56,486 as of December 31, 2021 to $68,427 as of December 31, 2022.

The Group evaluates each UTP (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. In 2018, the Group incurred penalties of $4,324 related to underpayment or delayed payment for income tax expense of previous years. A tax penalty of $2,664 was assessed for a one-year delay of income taxes owed for 2015 arising from the gain on transferring 75% equity of AM Advertising and a tax penalty of $1,660 was assessed for the unpaid income tax expense of 2016 for the deduction of bad debt allowances from taxable income before tax without attempting to enforce collections of the assets and filing a special declaration of loss in asset. After paying the penalties noted above in 2018, taxes payable as of December 31, 2018 was $11,065. The Group determined that the unpaid tax liability was an uncertain tax (“UTP”) position as it is not more likely than not to be sustained on audit if the tax authorities were to re-examine this position. The tax authorities have not re-examined this position and the statute of limitations has expired as of the end of 2020. Therefore, the UTP was eliminated as a result of the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

For years ending December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group recognized no interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Group is not currently under examination by any income taxing authority, nor has it been notified of an impending examination. As of December 31, 2022, tax years 2017 to present are subject to examination by the tax authorities.

10.          INCOME TAXES - continued

Uncertainties exist with respect to how the current income tax law in the PRC applies to the Group’s overall operations, and more specifically, with regard to tax residency status. New EIT Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside of China will be considered residents for Chinese income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within China. The Implementation Rules to the new EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be considered China residents if substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., occurs within China. Additional guidance is expected to be released by the Chinese government in the near future that may clarify how to apply this standard to tax payers. Despite the present uncertainties resulting from the limited PRC tax guidance on the issue, the Group does not believe that its legal entities organized outside of China should be treated as residents for new EIT Law purposes. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC will be subject to the PRC income tax at a rate of 25%.

However, the Company’s subsidiaries located in the PRC were in a loss position and had accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022, and the tax basis for the investment was greater than the carrying value of this investment. A deferred tax asset should be recognized for this temporary difference only if it is apparent that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future. Absent of evidence of a reversal in the foreseeable future, no deferred tax asset for such temporary difference was recorded. The Company did not record any tax on any of the undistributed earnings because the relevant subsidiaries do not intend to declare dividends and the Company intends to permanently reinvest it within the PRC.

Aggregate undistributed earnings of the Company’s subsidiaries located in the PRC that are available for distribution to the Company are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and accordingly, no provision has been made for the Chinese dividend withholding taxes that would be payable upon the distribution of those amounts to the Company. The Chinese tax authorities have also clarified that distributions made out of pre-January 1, 2008 retained earnings will not be subject to the withholding tax.

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NET INCOME(LOSS) PER SHARE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

NET INCOME(LOSS) PER SHARE

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

11.          NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

On November 30, 2022, with the approval of shareholder meeting, the Company consolidated every forty of the authorized (whether issued or unissued) shares of each class of par value of US$0.001 each in the capital of the Company into one share of the same class of par value of US$0.04 each (the “Share Consolidation”).

Following and as a result of the Share Consolidation, the authorized share capital of the Company will be US$1,000,000 divided into 22,500,000 ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.04 each and 2,500,000 preferred shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.04 each.

Upon the Share Consolidation, the ratio of its American Depositary Receipts representing ordinary shares (“ADS”) of the Company will be amended from one ADS representing ten (10) ordinary shares of the Company to one (1) ADS representing one (1) ordinary share of the Company.

All share and per share data as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are presented on a retroactive basis.

The calculation of the net income (loss) per share is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.’s ordinary shareholders	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss) income per ordinary share
Basic and diluted (i)		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Weighted average shares used in calculating (loss) income per ADS
Basic and diluted		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)
Net income (loss) per ADS (ii)
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)

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SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

12.          SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

2012 Share incentive plan

In 2012 the Group created the 2012 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) which provides for 6,000,000 ordinary shares options to be granted to employees and directors. Share options under this Plan may vest over a service period, performance condition or market condition, as specified in each award. Share options expire 5 years from the grant date.

The following summary of stock option activities for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Outstanding Options
		Weighted				Weighted
		average		Weighted		average
		exercise		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	price		grant-date		contractual	intrinsic
	options	per option		fair value		terms	value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	1.53	$	—
Granted	—		—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—		—	—		—
Forfeited	—		—		—	—		—
Expired	—		—		—	—		—
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	0.53	$	—
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	0.53	$	—
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	4,152,490	$	0.53	$	0.53	0.20	$	—

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were all nil. The Group recorded share-based compensation of $186, $186 and $60 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. There was $5 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share options granted as of December 31, 2022, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period 0.04 years on a straight-line basis.

(1) Volatility

The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the options was estimated based on the historical stock price volatility of the Company’s ordinary shares and listed shares of comparable companies over a period comparable to the expected term of the options. From March 2011, the volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company’s share price as the Company has accumulated sufficient history of stock price for a period comparable to the expected term of the options.

(2) Risk-free rate

Risk-free rate is based on yield of US Treasury bill as of valuation date with maturity date close to the expected term of the options.

12.          SHARE BASED PAYMENTS - continued

(3) Expected term

The expected term is estimated based on a consideration of factors including the original contractual term and the vesting term.

(4) Dividend yield

The dividend yield was estimated by the Group based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the options. The Group has no plan to pay any dividend in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the Group considers the dividend yield to be zero.

(5) Exercise price

The exercise price of the options was determined by the Group’s Board of Directors.

(6) Fair value of underlying ordinary shares

The closing market price of the ordinary shares of the Company as of the grant/modification date was used as the fair value of the ordinary shares on that date.

No options were granted during 2020 to 2022.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

13.          FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Measured on recurring basis

The Group measured its financial assets and liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, prepaid equipment costs, accounts payable and amounts to from related parties on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

Cash and cash equivalents and cryptocurrency are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on the quoted market price in an active market. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, prepaid equipment cost and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturity.

Measured on non-recurring basis

The Group measured property and equipment at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value was determined using models with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). This was based on a number of key assumptions, including, but not limited to, undiscounted future cash flows and the annual net revenue projections based on the projected levels of advertising activities during the forecast periods, all of which were classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, the Group recorded nil, nil and nil impairment charged for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

The Group measured its long-term investment in AM Advertising at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as result of the disposal transaction. The fair value was determined using the market approach with unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities (Level 2 inputs). The impairment recorded was nil, nil and nil impairment charged for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

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TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT

TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT

14.          TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT

Up to December 31, 2022, the Company had repurchased an aggregate of 1,306,486 ADSs from the open market for a total consideration of $17,400, of which 438,137 ADSs had been cancelled and 868,349 ADSs were recorded as treasury stock.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, accumulated 665,121 and 769,077 ADS of treasury stock have been reissued. As a result of Share Consolidation in note 11, there was 24,818 ADS as of December 31, 2022.

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MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

15.         MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multiemployer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. PRC labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ income. The total contribution for such employee benefits were $1,088, $1,056 and $686 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

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STATUTORY RESERVES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

STATUTORY RESERVES

STATUTORY RESERVES

16.          STATUTORY RESERVES

As stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries in the PRC are required to maintain non-distributable statutory surplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’ statutory financial statements prepared under the PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders. Once the general reserve is accumulated to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reserve may be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of the subsidiaries. The Group allocated no statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The statutory reserves cannot be transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.

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RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

17.         RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the WFOEs, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries from transferring a portion of their net assets, equivalent to the balance of their paid-in-capital, additional paid-in-capital and statutory reserves to the Group in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations restrict the payments of dividends by the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries from their respective retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations.

As of December 31, 2022, the balance of restricted net assets was $343,675, of which $138,700 was attributed to the paid-in-capital, additional paid-in-capital and statutory reserves of the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, and $204,975 was attributed to the paid in capital, additional paid-in-capital and statutory reserves of WFOE. Under applicable PRC laws, loans from PRC companies to their offshore affiliated entities require governmental approval, and advances by PRC companies to their offshore affiliated entities must be supported by bona fide business transactions.

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COMMITMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

COMMITMENTS

COMMITMENTS

18.         COMMITMENTS

As of December 31, 2022, the Group has no material purchase commitments or significant leases.

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LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION

LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION

(a)Approval for non-advertising content

A majority of the digital frames and digital TV screens in the Group’s network include programs that consist of both advertising content and non-advertising content. On December 6, 2007, the State Administration of Radio, Film or Television, or the SARFT, a governmental authority in the PRC, issued a Circular regarding Strengthening the Management of Public Audio-Video in Automobiles, Buildings and Other Public Areas, or the SARFT Circular. According to the SARFT Circular, displaying audio-video programs such as television news, films and television shows, sports, technology and entertainment through public audio-video systems located in automobiles, buildings, airports, bus or train stations, shops, banks and hospitals and other outdoor public systems must be approved by the SARFT. The Group intends to obtain the requisite approval of the SARFT for the Group’s non-advertising content, but the Group cannot assure that the Group will obtain such approval in compliance with this SARFT Circular, or at all.

In January 2014, the Group entered into a strategic alliance with China Radio International Oriental Network (Beijing) Co., Ltd (“CRION”), which manages the internet TV business of China International Broadcasting Network, to operate the CIBN-AirNet channel for broadcast network TV programs to air travelers in China. According to the terms of the cooperation arrangement with CRION, during the cooperation period from March 28, 2014 to March 27, 2024, CRION shall obtain and, from time to time, be responsible for obtaining any approval, license and consent regarding the regulation of broadcasting and television from relevant authorities.

There is no assurance that CRION will be able to obtain or maintain the requisite approval or the Group will be able to renew the contract with CRION when they expire. If the requisite approval is not obtained, the Group will be required to eliminate non-advertising content from the programs included in the Group’s digital frames and digital TV screens and advertisers may find the Group’s network less attractive and be unwilling to purchase advertising time slots on the Group’s network.

As of December 31, 2022, the Group did not record a provision for these matters as management believes the possibility of adverse outcome of the matters is remote and any liability it may incur would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements. However, it is not possible for the Group to predict the ultimate outcome and the possible range of the potential impact of failure to obtain such disclosed registrations and approvals primarily due to the lack of relevant data and information in the market in this industry in the past.

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - continued

(b) AM Advertising Dispute

Linghang Shengshi had served a legal letter, dated June 29, 2016 (the “Legal Letter”), on Longde Wenchuang to challenge the proposed transfers by Longde Wenchuang of their equity interests in AM Advertising to Shanghai Golden Bridge InfoTech Co., Ltd. (stock code: 603918), a PRC company with its shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“Golden Bridge”). As of the date of the Legal Letter, Linghang Shengshi held 24.84% of the equity interests in AM Advertising. Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center held 28.57% and 46.43%, respectively, of the equity interests in AM Advertising. On June 14, 2016, Longde Wenchuang entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with Golden Bridge to transfer 75% equity interests in AM Advertising to Golden Bridge in consideration for shares in Golden Bridge (the “Transfer”). Neither of Longde Wenchuang sought consent from Linghang Shengshi with respect to the Transfer in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Company Law”). Linghang Shengshi challenges the validity of the Transfer on the ground that it violated the statutory right of first refusal of Linghang Shengshi under the Company Law. Subsequent to the Group’s legal letter, Golden Bridge ceased acquisition of 75% equity interest of AM Advertising from Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center. Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center further dismissed the Group’s representative from Co-CEO position of AM Advertising.

On September 2, 2016, the Group received notice (the “September 2, 2016 Notice”) from the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (the “CIETAC”) that the Company, Chuangyi Technology, Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Herman Man Guo (collectively, the “Respondents”) were named as respondents by the Culture Center in an arbitration proceeding submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC in connection with the sale by the Group of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising to Culture Center and Longde Wenchuang in June 2015. Culture Center seeks specific performance by the Respondents of certain obligations under the transaction documents, which include, among other things, (i) the pledge by Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Guo of their respective equity interests in AM Advertising to Culture Center as security for their obligations under the transaction documents, (ii) the use of best efforts by the Respondents to cooperate with the Culture Center and Longde Wenchuang to procure the listing of AM Advertising in China and (iii) the performance by the Group and Mr. Guo of their respective non-compete obligations to refrain from holding, operating, or otherwise participating in any business that is the same or substantially the same as that of AM Advertising. The Group believes the arbitration request is without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously. However, no assurances can be provided that the Group will prevail in this arbitration proceeding. In response to the September 2, 2016 Notice, the Group filed a notice against Culture Center to CIETAC for their breach of contract.

As a result of the above disputes, the Group is no longer able to exercise significant influence in operating and strategic decision of AM Advertising and cannot access to AM Advertising’s financial information. Accordingly, the Group accounted its investment in AM Advertising as equity investments without readily determinable fair values (see Note 7) as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. AM Advertising and its subsidiaries are no longer related parties to the Group. As of December 31, 2016, the Group treated the provision for earnout commitment of $23,549 as contingent liability and did not record any additional provision for this matter as management believes the possibility of adverse outcome of the matter is remote and any liability it may incur would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - continued

During 2018, a memorandum of understanding and various supplemental agreements (collectively the “MoU”) were, were entered into with, among others, Longde Wenchuang and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership), under which, among other things, Linghang Shengshi and Mr. Guo have agreed to pay or make available to AM Advertising on or prior to May 30, 2018 and further extended to September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 an aggregate of RMB304.5 million which was to be discounted by the following amounts (i) the RMB152.0 million profits attributable to Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu for the first nine months of 2015, based on a third-party pro forma audit report on AM Advertising; (ii) the loan of RMB88.0 million in principal balance and RMB7.8 million in interests; and (iii) the payment of RMB56.7 million in cash after the sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising, which consisted of 20.18% equity interests hold by the Group and 0.14% equity interests hold by Mr. Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu on behalf of the Group, and following the completion of the foregoing arrangements, the Group’s obligations with respect to the profit target for 2015, the earnout provision for the first nine months of 2015 and the loans between AM Advertising and Linghang Shengshi shall be deem completed. According to the aforesaid MoU, after Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Guo and Mr. Xu transfer all the equity interest of AM Advertising, they will cease to be shareholders of AM Advertising and will not be able to continuously assume the obligations in connection with the profit commitment and earn out provision as a matter of fact.

The sale of the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising (therein 20.18% was held by the Group) has been completed as of December 31,2018, while the cash payment of RMB56.7 million to Longde Wenchuang and Beijing Cultural Center Construction and Development Fund (Limited Partnership) has not been paid yet by the Group as of December 31, 2022. Upon the effectiveness of MoU, the Group has written off the contingency of provision for earnout provision, and has recorded an actual payable of earnout provision in the amount of RMB152.6 million as of December 31, 2018. On June 27, 2019, Linghang Shengshi received a letter of notification from AM Advertising requiring for the immediate payment for the net settlement of RMB 56.7 million (the “Letter”) and Linghang Shengshi responded to the Letter on June 28, 2019 by urging AM Advertising to cooperate with income tax deduction. According to an independent third-party attorney’s legal opinion issued in March 2021, the MoU was still effective.

In January 2021, the Group was informed that two of Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts amounted to $1 in aggregate was frozen by the court as Culture Center applied to the court regardless of the arbitration process in the CIETAC in connection with the sale by the Group of 75% equity interests in AM Advertising. The Group believes the application is non-excused as it conflicted with the arbitration proceeding already submitted by the Culture Center to the CIETAC and defended the actions by applying to the court to unfreeze Linghang Shengshi’s bank accounts. In March 2021, the Group discovered that the equity interest of AirNet Online held by Mr. Herman Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu was frozen by the court, which was applied to the court by AM Advertising to urge all parties to settle the Transfer (the “Case”). However, the Group believes that the court has no right of jurisdiction to judge this Case as it was essentially consisted with the arbitration process in the CIETAC and would be conflicting, and the Group submitted the objection to the court. The judge of the Case has orally approved the objection and the Case will be withdrawn. As of December 31, 2021, Longde Wenchuang and Culture Center have not issued a written notice requesting the cancellation of the MoU. Therefore, the Group considered the MoU was still effective as of December 31, 2021, and the aforementioned actual payable of earnout provision remained.

19.         LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - continued

In January 2022, the court gave a judgement that Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Herman Man Guo and Mr. Qing Xu should pay RMB 56.7 million and interest (the “debts”) to AM Advertising within 10 days of the effective date of the judgment. In addition, Chuangyi Technology and AirNet is jointly and severally liable for the debts to the AM Advertising. Linghang Shengshi, Mr. Herman Man Guo, Mr. Qing Xu and Chuangyi Technology has entered an appeal to the court. The case is currently in the progress of second trial by the court. As the payable of earnout commitment of RMB 152.6 million have been adjusted since 2019 and the total amount of RMB 95.9 million of other current asset have been recorded per book, the net amount of the contingent liability was reflected in the consolidated financial statement of 2021, and no further adjustment was needed in a conclusion.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

20.         RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

(a) Details of outstanding balances with the Group’s related parties as of December 31, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:

Amount due from related parties:

		As of December 31,
Name of related parties	Relationship	2021		2022
Xu Qing	Shareholder of the Company	$	—	$	435
Unicom AirNet	Equity method investment		—		166
		$	—	$	601

(1) The amounts represent interest free advances to the related parties in a short-term basis for operation purpose.

Amount due to related parties:

		As of December 31,
Name of related parties	Relationship	2021		2022
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd.	Equity method investment	$	—	$	—
Zhichao Li	Shareholder		—		803
Rui Du	Shareholder		—		371
		$	—	$	1,174

(b) Details of transactions with the Group’s related parties for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:

		For the year ended December 31,
Name of related parties	Transactions	2021		2022
Xu Qing	Loans provided to related parties	$	—	$	435
Unicom AirNet	Loans provided to related parties		—		166
Zhichao Li	Loans received from related parties		—		803
Rui Du	Loans received from related parties		—		371

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

21.         SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Group has evaluated subsequent events from December 31, 2022 and through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, and did not identify any subsequent events with material financial impact or that required adjustment of the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

XML

FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY

FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY

22.         FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY

(a)Balance sheet

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2	$	2
Amount due from subsidiaries		27,298		49,691
Other current assets		108		108
Total current assets		27,408		49,801
TOTAL ASSETS	$	27,408	$	49,801
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	2,909	$	4,039
Total liabilities		2,909		4,039
Equity
Ordinary Shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)		181		359
Additional paid-in capital		298,685		332,746
Treasury stock (24,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)		(1,148)		(1,148)
Accumulated deficits		(304,904)		(318,239)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		31,685		32,044
Total equity		24,499		45,762
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	27,408	$	49,801

(b)Statements of operations

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing	$	—	$	—	$	—
General and administrative		(250)		(566)		(1,231)
Total operating expenses		(250)		(566)		(1,231)
Other (loss) income, net		(32)		(11)		41
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries		7,809		(16,758)		(12,145)
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)

22.         FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY- continued

(c)Statements of comprehensive income (loss)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net income (loss)	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		(384)		377		359
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Parent Company	$	7,143	$	(16,958)	$	(12,976)

(d)Statements of changes in equity

								(Accumulated		Accumulated
	Ordinary shares			Additional				deficits)		other
				paid-in		Treasury		retained		comprehensive		Total
	Shares	Amount		capital		stock		earnings		Income		equity
Balance as of December 31, 2020	3,738,527		152		288,879		(2,351)		(286,365)		31,308		31,623
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation	25,989		1		—		1,203		(1,204)		—		—
Share issued	710,320		28		8,922		—		—		—		8,950
Share-based compensation	—		—		186		—		—		—		186
Capital contribution from non-controlling	—		—		698		—		—		—		698
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		377		377
Net income	—		—		—		—		(17,335)		—		(17,335)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	4,474,836		181		298,685		(1,148)		(304,904)		31,685		24,499
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	4,448,851		178		34,001		—		—		—		34,179
Share-based compensation	—		—		60		—		—		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		359		359
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(13,335)				(13,335)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	8,923,687		359		332,746		(1,148)		(318,239)		32,044		45,762

(e)Statements of cash flow

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries		(7,809)		16,758		12,145
Share-based compensation		186		186		60
CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		96		391		1,130
Net cash used in operating activities		—		—		—
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES		—		—		—
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES		—		—		—
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		—		—		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year		2		2		2
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	$	2	$	2	$	2
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	$	2,531	$	8,950	$	34,179

22.         FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY- continued

(f)Notes

1.           BASIS FOR PREPARATION

The condensed financial information of the parent company, AirNet Technology Inc., only has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Group’s consolidated financial statements except that the parent company uses the equity method to account for its investment in its subsidiaries.

2.           INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company, its subsidiaries, its VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements where the inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. For the purpose of the Company’s stand-alone financial statements, its investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are reported using the equity method of accounting. The Company’s share of income and losses from its subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries is reported as earnings from subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries in the accompanying condensed financial information of parent company.

3.           INCOME TAXES

The Company is a tax exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

(a)         Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

Going concern

(b)          Going concern

The Group has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and has negative working capital of $31,994 as of December 31, 2022.These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Group plans to strengthen the air travel media network business to drive its revenues and bring in cash from operation. In addition, additional computer servers will be placed in service for cryptocurrency minning within next twelve months. However, there is no assurance that the measures above can be achieved as planned. Nevertheless, management prepared the consolidated financial statements assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis of consolidation

(c)         Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, its VIEs and its VIEs’ subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of estimates

(d)          Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and accompanying notes, including allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-term investments, impairment of long-lived assets, share-based compensation and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant risks and uncertainties

(e)          Significant risks and uncertainties

The Group participates in a dynamic industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows: net losses in the past and futures; failure in launching new business; a significant or prolonged economic downturn; contraction in the air travel advertising industry in China; competition from other competitors; regulatory or other PRC related factors; fluctuations in the demand for air travel; past and future acquisitions; failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and effective disclosure controls and procedures; risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth; risks associated with the Group’s growth strategies; and general risks associated with the industry.

Fair value

(f)         Fair value

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Fair value of financial instruments

(g)          Fair value of financial instruments

The Group’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, cryptocurrency, amount due from related parties, amount due to related parties and accounts payable. The Group did not have any other financial assets and liabilities or nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

The Group’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include equity investment and long-lived assets based on level 2 or 3 inputs.

Cash and cash equivalents

(h)          Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid deposits which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Cryptocurrencies

(i)          Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies are included in current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Group through its mining activities are accounted for in connection with the Group’s revenue recognition policy disclosed below.

Cryptocurrencies held are accounted for as intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized but assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently, when events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, which is measured using the quoted price of the cryptocurrency at the time its fair value is being measured. In testing for impairment, the Group has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is determined that it is not more likely than not that an impairment exists, a quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If the Group concludes otherwise, it is required to perform a quantitative impairment test. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted.

Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Group through its mining activities are included within operating activities on the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The sales of cryptocurrencies are included within investing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows and any realized gains or losses from such sales are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. The Group accounts for its gains or losses in accordance with the first in first out (FIFO) method of accounting.

Allowance of doubtful accounts

(j)          Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Group adopted ASC 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit. Management used an expected credit loss model for the impairment of trading receivables as of period ends. Management believes the aging of accounts receivable is a reasonable parameter to estimate expected credit loss, and determines expected credit losses for accounts receivables using an aging schedule as of period ends. The expected credit loss rates under each aging schedule were developed on basis of the average historical loss rates from previous years, and adjusted to reflect the effects of those differences in current conditions and forecasted changes. Management measured the expected credit losses of accounts receivable on a collective basis. When an accounts receivable does not share risk characteristics with other accounts receivables, management will evaluate such accounts receivable for expected credit loss on an individual basis. Doubtful accounts balances are written off and deducted from allowance, when receivables are deemed uncollectible, after all collection efforts have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Property and equipment, net

(k)          Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Digital display network equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixture	5 years
Computer and office equipment	3‑5 years
Vehicle	5 years
Software	5 years
Office property	40 years
Leasehold improvement	Shorter of the term of the lease
	or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements that extend the useful life are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period.

Impairment of long-lived assets

(l)          Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets held and used by the Group are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. It is possible that these assets could become impaired as a result of technology, economy or other industry changes. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Group first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, relief from royalty income approach, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

The Group makes various assumptions and estimates regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values of the respective assets. The assumptions and estimates used to determine future values and remaining useful lives of long-lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as the Group’s business strategy and its forecasts for specific market expansion.

As of December 31, 2022, the net carrying amount of long-lived assets consisted of right of use asset of $16 and property and equipment of $10,885. The property and equipment mainly included office building located in the center of Beijing of $9,324. Due to downtown of the cryptocurrency market, the Company provided fully impairment for the computer servers for cryptocurrency mining with an amount of $4,079.

Long-term investments

(m)          Long-term investments

Equity method investments

Investee companies over which the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest are accounted for using the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Group has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, and other factors, such as representation on the investee’s Board of Directors, voting rights and the impact of commercial arrangements, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate.

Equity investments without readily determinable fair values

For investments in an investee over which the Group does not have significant influence, the Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes income as any dividends declared from distribution of investee’s earnings. The Group reviews the equity investments without readily determinable fair values for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may no longer be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment’s carrying amount and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. All equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those resulting in the consolidation of the investee, be accounted for at fair value with all fair value changes recognized in income. For equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values the Group measures the equity investment at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the Group.

Impairment for long-term investments

The Group assesses its long-term investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the companies, including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other company-specific information. The fair value determination, particularly for investments in privately-held companies, requires significant judgment to determine appropriate estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investments and determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income equal to the excess of the investment’s carrying value over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of such investment.

Leases

(n)          Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim periods) beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Group has adopted the Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard to leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

The Group leases its offices, which are classified as operating leases in accordance with Topic 842. Under Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) on the commencement date: (i) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

At the commencement date, the Group recognizes the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. The right-of-use asset is recognized initially at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. No impairment for right-of-use lease assets as of December 31, 2022.

The Group’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Revenue recognition

(o)          Revenue recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, applying the modified retrospective method. The adoption did not result in a material adjustment to the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018.

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Group’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how much revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Group performs the following five-step analysis: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Group’s contract with customers do not include multiple performance obligations, significant financing component and any variable consideration.

The Group is a principal as it controls the specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. The Group is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good or service, has inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer and has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service.

Cryptocurrency mining: The Group has entered into digital asset mining pools by executing contracts with the mining pool operators to provide computing power to the mining pool. In exchange for providing computing power, the Group is entitled to a fractional share of the fixed cryptocurrency award the mining pool operator receives for successfully adding a block to the blockchain. The Group’s fractional share is based on the proportion of computing power the Group contributed to the mining pool operator to the total computing power contributed by all mining pool participants in solving the current algorithm.

The provision of providing such computing power is the only performance obligation in the Group’s contracts with mining pool operators. The transaction consideration the Group receives, if any, is noncash consideration, which the Group measures at fair value on the date received, which is not materially different than the fair value at contract inception or the time the Group has earned the award from the pools. The consideration is all variable. Because it is not probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur, the consideration is constrained until the mining pool operator successfully places a block and the Group receives confirmation of the consideration it will receive, at which time revenue is recognized. There is no significant financing component in these transactions.

Fair value of the cryptocurrency award received is determined using the quoted price of the related cryptocurrency at the time of receipt. There is currently no specific definitive guidance under GAAP or alternative accounting framework for the accounting for cryptocurrencies recognized as revenue or held, and management has exercised significant judgment in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. In the event authoritative guidance is enacted by the FASB, the Group may be required to change its policies, which could have an effect on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results from operations.

For the advertising and promotion articles publishing business, the group has developed a public accounts pool which have already accumulated hundreds and thousands of registered users (there are both self-owned and third parties’ public accounts). Wechat public account promotion through on-train Wi-Fi network was ceased in 2019 and no revenue was generated from Wechat public account promotion through Wi-Fi network in following years. The Group still generated immaterial revenue in other self-owned and third parties’ public accounts.

Deferred revenue

Prepayments from customers for advertising service are deferred when corresponding performance obligation is not satisfied and recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered. The balance of deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 is $7,745, the majority of which is $5,295 for the unsatisfied performance obligation with two customers with contracts amount of $5,536.

Nonmonetary exchanges

Nonmonetary exchanges - continued

In 2019 the Group also entered into a contract with Beijing Kingsoft Co., Ltd.(“Kingsoft”) to provide advertising services in exchange for office software and recognized revenue of $431. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has received the office software and accounted it as property and equipment, while a deferred revenue was accrued in the meantime as the agreed advertising services has not been provided. As of December 31, 2020, the advertising services have not been provided as Kingsoft did not require the advertising service considering the low efficiency of advertisement due to the impact from COVID-19. No direct costs are attributable to the revenues. There was no revenue recognized for nonmonetary transactions for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.

Value Added Tax ("VAT")

(p)          Value Added Tax (“VAT”)

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to value-added taxes at a rate of 6% on revenues and paid after deducting input VAT on purchases. The net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is reflected in the account as input VAT receivable or other taxes payable. The Group’s gross revenue is presented net of VAT. As of December 31, 2022, the Group assessed the recoverability of estimated input VAT that was generated in prior year and recognized a cost of non-deductible input VAT that was generated in prior years of $27 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Concession fees

(q)          Concession fees

The Group enters concession right agreements with vendors such as airlines and railway bureaus, under which the Group obtains the right to use the spaces or equipment of the vendors to display the advertisements.

Fees under concession right agreements are usually due every three, six or twelve months. Payments made are recorded as current assets and current liabilities according to the respective payment terms. Most of the concession fees with airlines and railway bureaus are fixed with escalation, which means a fixed increase over each year of the agreements. The total concession fee under the concession right agreements with airlines is charged to the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the agreement periods, which is generally between three to five years.

Agency fees and Advertisement Publishing Fees

(r)          Agency fees and Advertisement Publishing Fees

The Group pays fees to advertising agencies for identifying and introducing advertisers to the Group and assisting in advertisement publishing based on a certain percentage of revenues made through the advertisement agencies upon receipt of payment from advertisers. The agency fees and advertisement publishing fees are charged to cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations ratably over the period in which the advertisement is displayed. Prepaid and accrued agency fees and advertisement publishing fees are recorded as current assets and current liabilities according to relative timing of payments made and advertising service provided.

Advertising costs

(s)          Advertising costs

The Group expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expenses were $201, $143 and $24 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, and have been included as part of selling and marketing expenses.

Foreign currency translation

(t)          Foreign currency translation

The functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong are the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”). The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Renminbi (“RMB”), which are the functional currency of these entities.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.

The Group’s entities with functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.

Income taxes

(u)          Income taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Group as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.

The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, the Group classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of the income tax expense. According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB 100 thousand. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. According to Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, the statute of limitation is six years if any company chargeable with tax has not been assessed or has been assessed at less than the proper amount, the statute of limitation is extended to 10 years if the underpayment of taxes is due to fraud or willful evasion.

The Group evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2022, the Group had no uncertain tax positions that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate.

The Group is not currently under examination by any income taxing authority, nor has it been notified of an impending examination. As of December 31, 2022, income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2021 remain open for statutory examination.

Share-based payments

(v)          Share-based payments

Share-based payment transactions with employees are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument issued, and recognized as compensation expenses over the requisite service periods based on a straight-line method, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.

Share-based payment transactions with non-employees are measured based on the fair value of the options on the measurement date as of each reporting date and recognized as expense over the requisite service periods on a straight-line method subject to adjustments in fair value, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.

Comprehensive (loss) income

(w)          Comprehensive (loss) income

Comprehensive (loss) income includes net (loss) income and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Concentration of credit risk

(x)          Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Group places their cash with financial institutions with high-credit rating and quality in China. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, there are two and three customers accounting for 10% or more of total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, there are three and two customer accounting for 10% or more of total accounts receivables, respectively.

Net income(loss) per share

(y)          Net income(loss) per share

Basic net income (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income(loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income(loss) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. Potential common shares in the diluted net income(loss) per share computation are excluded in periods of losses, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Recent issued accounting standards

(z)       Recent issued accounting standards

Recently issued ASUs by the FASB are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

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ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (Tables) - AirNet's VIEs

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Schedule of company's subsidiaries and VIE's

	Date of		Percentage
	incorporation/	Place of	of legal
Name	acquisition	incorporation	ownership
Intermediate Holding Company:
Broad Cosmos Enterprises Ltd. (“Broad Cosmos”)	June 26, 2006	British Virgin Islands ("BVI")	100
AirNet International Limited ("AirNet International")	July 14, 2007	BVI	100
AirNet (China) Limited ("AN China")	August 5, 2005	Hong Kong	100
Subsidiaries:
Blockchain Dynamics Limited	January 11, 2021	Hong Kong	100
Energy Bytes Inc.	January 21, 2022	United States	100
Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Chuangyi Technology")	September 19, 2005	the PRC	100
Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Yuehang")	June 6, 2006	the PRC	100
Xi’an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xi’an Shengshi")	December 31, 2007	the PRC	100
VIEs:
Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Linghang Shengshi ")	August 7, 2005	the PRC	N/A
Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.(“Iwanfan”)	May 6, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Online")	April 30, 2015	the PRC	N/A
VIEs’ subsidiaries:
Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Yuehang")	January 16, 2008	the PRC	N/A
Beijing AirNet Pictures Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Pictures")	September 13, 2007	the PRC	N/A
Wenzhou Yuehang Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Wenzhou Yuehang")	October 17, 2008	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Dongding Gongyi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Dongding")	February 1, 2010	the PRC	N/A
Guangzhou Meizheng Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Guangzhou Meizheng")	May 17, 2013	the PRC	N/A
Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Air Esurfing")	September 25, 2013	the PRC	N/A
Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Linghang")	April 23, 2015	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Pictures Co., Ltd. ("Wangfan Jiaming")	December 31, 2015	the PRC	N/A
Meizheng Network Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Meizheng Network”)	August 8, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co.,Ltd. ("Jiaming Advertising")	January 1, 2007	the PRC	N/A
Shandong Airmedia Cheweishi Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shangdong Cheweishi”)	July 21, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Dingsheng Ruizhi (Beijing) Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Dingsheng Ruizhi”)	May 25, 2016	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Zhongying E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Zhongying”)	May 17, 2018	the PRC	N/A
Beijing Airport United Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Airport United”)	June 19, 2018	the PRC	N/A
Yuehang Sunshine (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Yuehang Asset”)	January 18, 2019	the PRC	N/A
Air Joy Media Private Limited (“Air Joy”)	November 15, 2019	Singapore	N/A

Schedule of VIE's balance sheet amounts

The following financial statement information for AirNet’s VIEs were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, presented net of intercompany eliminations, as of and for the years ended December 31:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Total current assets	$	29,093	$	38,369
Total non-current assets		53,744		44,476
Total assets		82,837		82,845
Total current liabilities		350,652		345,450
Total non-current liabilities		13		9
Total liabilities	$	350,665	$	345,459

Schedule of VIE's income statement amounts

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net revenues	$	23,434	$	9,075	$	2,867
Net income (loss)		7,672		(15,726)		(2,482)
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,681)		(5,231)		1,729
Net cash provided by investing activities		352		—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		19,164		(9,433)		1,212

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Schedule of estimated useful lives of property and equipment

Digital display network equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixture	5 years
Computer and office equipment	3‑5 years
Vehicle	5 years
Software	5 years
Office property	40 years
Leasehold improvement	Shorter of the term of the lease
	or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Schedule of revenues by service categories

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Revenues from operations:
Air Travel Media Network	$	23,474	$	9,191	$	2,768
Cryptocurrency mining		—		2,604		—
Others		72		1		201
	$	23,546	$	11,796	$	2,969

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SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS

Summary of reportable segment's revenue and income

	For the year ended December 31, 2020
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining		Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	23,546		$	—	$	23,546		$	—	$	23,546
Depreciation and amortization	$	(1,334)		$	—	$	(1,334)		$	—	$	(1,334)
Segment gross profit	$	3,846		$	—	$	3,846		$	—	$	3,846
Segment gross profit margin		16	%		—		16	%		—		16	%

	For the year ended December 31, 2021
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining			Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	9,192		$	2,604		$	11,796		$	—	$	11,796
Depreciation and amortization	$	(1,191)		$	(2,763)		$	(3,954)		$	—	$	(3,954)
Segment gross loss	$	(2,822)		$	(276)		$	(3,098)		$	—	$	(3,098)
Segment gross profit margin		(31)	%		(11)	%		(26)	%		—		(26)	%

	For the year ended December 31, 2022
	Media			Cryptocurrency
	Network			mining			Subtotal			Other		Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	2,969		$	—		$	2,969		$	—	$	2,969
Depreciation and amortization	$	(808)		$	(2,028)		$	(2,836)		$	—	$	(2,836)
Segment gross loss	$	(442)		$	(1,914)		$	(2,355)		$	—	$	(2,355)
Segment gross profit margin		(15)	%		0	%		(79)	%		—		(79)	%

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Schedule of accounts receivable, net

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Accounts receivable, gross	$	5,408	$	4,311
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(3,150)		(2,890)
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,258	$	1,421

Schedule of allowance for doubtful accounts

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Beginning of year	$	5,437	$	3,797	$	3,150
Addition		524		234		100
Reverse		(144)		(875)		(380)
Disposal of subsidiaries		(2,276)		—		—
Exchange rate adjustment		256		(6)		20
End of year	$	3,797	$	3,150	$	2,890

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OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET

Schedule of other current assets net

Other current assets, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2021						2022
	Gross		Allowance		Net		Gross		Allowance		Net
Receivable from third party (i)	$	27,107	$	(21,862)	$	5,245	$	29,346	$	(20,002)	$	9,344
Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries (ii)		23,257	$	(8,545)	$	14,712		22,840	$	(7,896)	$	14,944
Input VAT receivable(iii)		5,379		—		5,379		3,296		—		3,296
Other prepaid expenses		4,223		(3,089)		1,134		3,917		(2,490)		1,427
Short-term deposits		3,980		—		3,980		1,102		—		1,102
Prepaid selling and marketing fees		983		(448)		535		533		(319)		214
Receivable from Non-controlling shareholders		736		(736)		—		709		(709)		—
Prepaid individual income tax and other employee advances		510		(166)		344		500		(155)		345
Stock subscriptions receivable(iv)		155		—		155		149		—		149
Prepaid expenses of equipment(v)		—		—		—		34,179		—		34,179
Others		50		—		50		72		—		72
Total	$	66,380	$	(34,846)	$	31,534	$	96,643	$	(31,571)	$	65,072

(i) Receivable from third party mainly represented the concession fee deposits of Guangzhou Meizheng for the ceased operations in providing Wi-Fi services on trains that is expected to be refunded within one year and the refund receivable of concession fee from an airline company. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the management conducted a review on the outstanding balance and recorded bad debt provision on other current assets for which the collectability is assessed to be remote. It also consisted of loans to third parties are in order to secure them to provide advertising services at prime locations to the Group. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Group had balance of various loan agreements with third parties with aggregated amount of $6,723 and $6,056, respectively with the terms of one year. The interest rates were around 5% without any assets pledged for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the bad debt allowance for loan to third parties amounted to $6,699 and $6,056, respectively.

(ii) Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries balance amounted to $23,257 and $22,840 as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, $8,545 and $7,896 of bad debt allowance were made for the receivable balance, respectively. See Note 19 (b) for further discussion of AM Advertising.

(iii) Input VAT receivable decreased by $2,083 from $5,379 as of December 31, 2021 to $3,296 as of December 31, 2022. In 2021 and 2022, economy was adversely affected by the unpredictable COVID-19 and the Group expected that it would be remote to receive invoices to certify the estimated input VAT.

(iv) On December 30, 2020, the Group issued 23,876,308 ordinary shares to purchase computer servers valued at $2,531, which are specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies and have been subsequently transferred to the Group in January 2021.

(v) On April 6, 2022, the Group issued 179,986,169 ordinary shares to purchase computer servers valued at $34,179, which are specifically designed for mining cryptocurrencies.

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Schedule of property and equipment, Net

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Wi-Fi and network equipment	$	18,544	$	17,061
Office property		11,747		10,855
Software		10,558		9,756
Digital display network equipment		5,882		5,085
Computer and office equipment		12,671		11,238
Leasehold improvement		2,769		2,540
Furniture and fixture		785		754
Vehicle		586		575
Total original costs		63,542		57,864
Less: impairment		(16,353)		(19,189)
Less: accumulated depreciation		(28,067)		(27,957)
Construction in progress		180		167
Total property and equipment, net	$	19,302	$	10,885

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LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET

Schedule of equity method investments

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	of			of
Name of company	ownership	Amount		ownership	Amount
	%			%
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. (“BEMC”) (1)	49	$	1,338	49	$	1,186
Lanmeihangbiao Tiandi Internet Investment Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“LMHB”) (2)	40		193	40		178
Unicom AirNet (Beijing) Network Co., Ltd. (“Unicom AirNet”) (3)	39		6,830	39		3,897
Less: impairment on equity method investments:
LMHB (2)			(191)			(178)
Equity method investments, net		$	11,844		$	5,083

(1) In March 2008, the Group entered into a definitive agreement with China Eastern Media Corporation, Ltd., a subsidiary of China Eastern Group and China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited operating the media resources of China Eastern Group, to establish a joint venture, BEMC. BEMC was incorporated on March 18, 2008 in the PRC with China Eastern Media Corporation and the Group holding 51% and 49% equity interest, respectively. BEMC obtained concession rights of certain media resources from China Eastern Group, including the digital TV screens on airplanes of China Eastern Airlines, and paid concession fees to its shareholders as consideration. The investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence to the operation of BEMC. The Group recognized gains of $197, $57 and a loss of $37 on this investment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

(2) In September 2015, AirNet Online entered into an agreement with BlueFocus Wireless Internet (Beijing) Investment Management Co., Ltd. and two individual investors to establish a joint venture, LMHB. LMHB is mainly engaged in investment management of Wi-Fi platform marketing and other mobile internet industries. The investment fully impaired as of December 31, 2018.

(3) On February 22, 2017, AirNet Online established Unicom AirNet, jointly with Unicom Broadband Online Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Haite Kairong Aeronautical Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of a listed company providing aeronautical technical services. Pursuant to a capital contribution agreement entered into by the relevant parties, AirNet Online invested RMB117.9 million in Unicom AirNet. After this transaction, AirNet Online currently holds 39% of equity interests in Unicom AirNet. The investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations of Unicom AirNet. The Group recorded its share of the loss of Unicom AirNet of $2,945 and $2,635 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Schedule of cost method investments

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	Percentage			Percentage
	of			of
Name of company	ownership	Amount		ownership	Amount
	%			%
Beijing Zhongjiao Huineng Information Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhongjiao Huineng”) (1)	13	$	589	13	$	545
AM Advertising (2)	20		83,534	20		77,187
Less: impairment
Zhongjiao Huineng (1)			(589)			(545)
AM Advertising (2)			(52,150)			(48,187)
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values, net		$	31,384		$	29,000

(1) In January 2016, the Group acquired 13.3% equity interest in Zhongjiao Huineng, a company established in the PRC that is mainly engaged in providing WIFI and GPS service to logistic industry. A full impairment loss was provided as of December 31, 2018.

(2) The investment in AM Advertising was accounted for using the cost method of accounting, as the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence to the operation from 2016. In December 2018, the Group transferred the 20.32% equity interests in AM Advertising but did not derecognize this long-term investment considering the existence of continuing involvement and more than trivial benefit owned by the Group. Meanwhile the Group determined the fair value of this investment in AM Advertising according to the transaction price received, which became the new basis of the investment. Hence, the investment impairment loss of $50,159 in AM Advertising was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the accumulated impairment was $47,736 as of December 31, 2019 and $50,932 as of December 31, 2020, due to changes from foreign currency translation adjustment. As of October 30, 2019, the Group and the transferee entered into a supplementary agreement on the outstanding amount of RMB380 million. The Group assessed that the supplementary agreement cannot trigger the derecognition of AM Advertising as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

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LEASE (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

LEASE

Schedule of supplemental balance sheet information related to operating lease

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Right-of-use assets	$	18	$	16
Lease liabilities - current	$	8	$	10
Lease liabilities - non-current		13		9
Total lease liabilities	$	21	$	19

Remaining lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	1.13
Weighted average discount rate	7.5	%

Summary of lease expenses

	For the year ended December 31,
	2021		2022
Operating lease cost	$	717	$	19
Short-term lease cost		—		—
Total	$	717	$	19

Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities

2023	$	27
2024		—
Total lease payments		27
Less: imputed interest		(8)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	19

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Accrued payroll and welfare	$	1,833	$	1,742
Other tax payable		55		50
Accrued staff disbursement		1,048		1,010
Deposit payable		27		25
Other current liabilities (i)		6,406		8,137
Other accrued expenses		326		313
	$	9,695	$	11,277

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

INCOME TAXES

Schedule of income tax expenses

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Income tax expenses (benefits):
Current	$	830	$	284	$	17
Deferred		—		—		—
Income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)		—		—
	$	(10,235)	$	284	$	17

Schedule of reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the PRC EIT rate of 25% to income before income taxes and the actual provision of income taxes

Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the PRC EIT rate of 25% to income before income taxes and the actual provision of income taxes is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020			2021			2022
Net loss before provision for income taxes	$	(3,787)		$	(17,503)		$	(12,294)
PRC statutory tax rate		25	%		25	%		25	%
Income tax at statutory tax rate		(947)			(4,376)			(3,074)
Expenses not deductible for tax purpose
Entertainment expenses exceeded the tax limit		48			42			28
Tax effect of impairment loss on property and equipment and intangible assets		—			—			668
Tax effect of unrealized net operating loss		4,481			5,575			7,780
Tax effect of other permanent differences		19			—			—
Non-taxable gain from subsidiaries disposal		(14,323)			—			—
Effect of income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP		(11,065)			—			—
Changes in valuation allowance		10,282			(763)			(4,326)
Effect of preferential tax rates granted to PRC entities		1,599			121			—
Effect of income tax rate change		(396)			(391)			(1,026)
Effect of income tax rate difference in other jurisdictions		67			76			(33)
Income tax (benefits) expenses	$	(10,235)		$	284		$	17
Effective tax rates		270.3	%		(1.6)	%		(0.1)	%

Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	10,456	$	10,391
Amortization of intangible assets		589		141
Net operating loss carry forwards		44,878		57,172
Excess marketing and advertising expense (15%)		42		28
Impairment on equipment		—		668
Recognized cost of non-deductible VAT-input that generated in prior years		521		28
Total deferred tax assets		56,486		68,427
Valuation allowance		(56,486)		(68,427)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	—	$	—

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NET INCOME(LOSS) PER SHARE (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

NET INCOME(LOSS) PER SHARE

Schedule of the Calculation of net loss per share

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.’s ordinary shareholders	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss) income per ordinary share
Basic and diluted (i)		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Weighted average shares used in calculating (loss) income per ADS
Basic and diluted		3,144,890		4,390,703		7,803,348
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)
Net income (loss) per ADS (ii)
Basic and diluted	$	2.39	$	(3.95)	$	(1.71)

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SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

Schedule of Stock option activities

	Outstanding Options
		Weighted				Weighted
		average		Weighted		average
		exercise		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	price		grant-date		contractual	intrinsic
	options	per option		fair value		terms	value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	1.53	$	—
Granted	—		—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—		—	—		—
Forfeited	—		—		—	—		—
Expired	—		—		—	—		—
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	0.53	$	—
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	$	0.44	$	0.35	0.53	$	—
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	4,152,490	$	0.53	$	0.53	0.20	$	—

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Schedule of Amount Due From/To Related Parties

Amount due from related parties:

		As of December 31,
Name of related parties	Relationship	2021		2022
Xu Qing	Shareholder of the Company	$	—	$	435
Unicom AirNet	Equity method investment		—		166
		$	—	$	601

(1) The amounts represent interest free advances to the related parties in a short-term basis for operation purpose.

Amount due to related parties:

		As of December 31,
Name of related parties	Relationship	2021		2022
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd.	Equity method investment	$	—	$	—
Zhichao Li	Shareholder		—		803
Rui Du	Shareholder		—		371
		$	—	$	1,174

(b) Details of transactions with the Group’s related parties for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:

		For the year ended December 31,
Name of related parties	Transactions	2021		2022
Xu Qing	Loans provided to related parties	$	—	$	435
Unicom AirNet	Loans provided to related parties		—		166
Zhichao Li	Loans received from related parties		—		803
Rui Du	Loans received from related parties		—		371

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY

Schedule of Parent's Condensed Balance Sheets

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2	$	2
Amount due from subsidiaries		27,298		49,691
Other current assets		108		108
Total current assets		27,408		49,801
TOTAL ASSETS	$	27,408	$	49,801
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	2,909	$	4,039
Total liabilities		2,909		4,039
Equity
Ordinary Shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)		181		359
Additional paid-in capital		298,685		332,746
Treasury stock (24,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)		(1,148)		(1,148)
Accumulated deficits		(304,904)		(318,239)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		31,685		32,044
Total equity		24,499		45,762
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	27,408	$	49,801

Schedule of Parent's Condensed Statements of Operations

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing	$	—	$	—	$	—
General and administrative		(250)		(566)		(1,231)
Total operating expenses		(250)		(566)		(1,231)
Other (loss) income, net		(32)		(11)		41
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries		7,809		(16,758)		(12,145)
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)

Schedule of Parents' Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income/Loss

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Net income (loss)	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		(384)		377		359
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Parent Company	$	7,143	$	(16,958)	$	(12,976)

Schedule of Parent's Condensed Statements of Changes in Equity

								(Accumulated		Accumulated
	Ordinary shares			Additional				deficits)		other
				paid-in		Treasury		retained		comprehensive		Total
	Shares	Amount		capital		stock		earnings		Income		equity
Balance as of December 31, 2020	3,738,527		152		288,879		(2,351)		(286,365)		31,308		31,623
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation	25,989		1		—		1,203		(1,204)		—		—
Share issued	710,320		28		8,922		—		—		—		8,950
Share-based compensation	—		—		186		—		—		—		186
Capital contribution from non-controlling	—		—		698		—		—		—		698
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		377		377
Net income	—		—		—		—		(17,335)		—		(17,335)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	4,474,836		181		298,685		(1,148)		(304,904)		31,685		24,499
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	4,448,851		178		34,001		—		—		—		34,179
Share-based compensation	—		—		60		—		—		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		359		359
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(13,335)				(13,335)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	8,923,687		359		332,746		(1,148)		(318,239)		32,044		45,762

Schedule of Parent's Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	For the years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$	7,527	$	(17,335)	$	(13,335)
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries		(7,809)		16,758		12,145
Share-based compensation		186		186		60
CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		96		391		1,130
Net cash used in operating activities		—		—		—
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES		—		—		—
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES		—		—		—
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		—		—		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year		2		2		2
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	$	2	$	2	$	2
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	$	2,531	$	8,950	$	34,179

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ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Additional information (Details) - CNY (¥)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Chuangyi Technology") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Online") [Member] | Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Chuangyi Technology") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Aggregate amount of loans to shareholders	¥ 50,000
Debt instrument term	15 days
Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd. Linghang Shengsh [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Minimum annual service fee percentage	0.50%
AM Yuehan [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Minimum annual service fee percentage	1.00%
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
VIEs net revenue percentage	96.60%	77.70%	100.00%
VIEs total asset percentage	71.50%	86.30%
VIEs total liabilities percentage	69.30%	71.50%

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ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Schedule of companies subsidiaries and VIE's (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Beijing Dongding Gongyi Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Dongding") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Feb. 01, 2010
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Guangzhou Meizheng Online Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Guangzhou Meizheng") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	May 17, 2013
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Air Esurfing")
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Sep. 25, 2013
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Linghang")
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Apr. 23, 2015
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Pictures Co., Ltd. ("Wangfan Jiaming") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Dec. 31, 2015
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Meizheng Network Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Meizheng Network") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Aug. 08, 2016
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Shandong Airmedia Cheweishi Network Technology Co.,Ltd.("Shangdong Cheweishi ") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jul. 21, 2016
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Dingsheng Ruizhi (Beiing) Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. ("Dingsheng Ruizhi") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	May 25, 2016
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Yuehang Sunshine (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. ("Yuehang Asset") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jan. 18, 2019
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Yuehang Zhongying E-commerce Co., Ltd. ("Zhongying") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	May 17, 2018
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Beijing Airport United Culture Media Co., Ltd. ("Airport United") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jun. 19, 2018
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd. Linghang Shengsh [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Aug. 07, 2005
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.("Iwanfan") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	May 06, 2016
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Yuehang") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jan. 16, 2008
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Online") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Apr. 30, 2015
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Beijing AirNet Pictures Co., Ltd. ("AirNet Pictures") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Sep. 13, 2007
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Wenzhou Yuehang Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Wenzhou Yuehang") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Oct. 17, 2008
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Beijing Wangfan Jiaming Advertising Co.,Ltd. (Formerly Beijing AirMedia Jiaming Advertising Co., Ltd.) [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jan. 01, 2007
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Air Joy Media Private Limited ("Air Joy") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Nov. 15, 2019
Place of incorporation	Singapore
Blockchain Dynamics Limited [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jan. 11, 2021
Place of incorporation	Hong Kong
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Energy Bytes Inc [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jan. 21, 2022
Place of incorporation	United States
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Chuangyi Technology") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Sep. 19, 2005
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Yuehang") [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jun. 06, 2006
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Xi'an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd. Xi'an Shengshi [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Dec. 31, 2007
Place of incorporation	the PRC
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Broad Cosmos Enterprises Ltd. ("Broad Cosmos")
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jun. 26, 2006
Place of incorporation	British Virgin Islands ("BVI")
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
AirNet International Limited ("AirNet International")
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Jul. 14, 2007
Place of incorporation	BVI
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%
Air Net (China) Limited ("AN China")
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Date of incorporation/acquisition	Aug. 05, 2005
Place of incorporation	Hong Kong
Percentage of legal ownership	100.00%

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ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Schedule of VIE's consolidated balance sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Total current assets	$ 69,794	$ 36,648
Total assets	115,149	96,035
Total current liabilities	101,787	104,956
Total liabilities	101,796	104,969
Variable Interest Entity
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Total current assets	38,369	29,093
Total non-current assets	44,476	53,744
Total assets	82,845	82,837
Total current liabilities	345,450	350,652
Total non-current liabilities	9	13
Total liabilities	$ 345,459	$ 350,665

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ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - Schedule of VIE's consolidated statement of operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$ (12,311)	$ (17,787)	$ 6,448
Net cash used in operating activities	614	(4,975)	(5,555)
Net cash provided by investing activities	0	352	4,440
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,212	(9,433)	19,164
Variable Interest Entity [Member]
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Net revenues	2,867	9,075	23,434
Net income (loss)	(2,482)	(15,726)	7,672
Net cash used in operating activities	1,729	(5,231)	(5,681)
Net cash provided by investing activities	0	0	352
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$ 1,212	$ (9,433)	$ 19,164

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Additional information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Negative working capital	$ 31,994
Certificates of deposits pledged for loans from third parties	15,327
Amount pledged from proceeds received from two third parties under a short-term loan arrangement			$ 15,327
Number of third parties to whom loan was repaid | item		1
Net carrying amount of right of use asset	16	$ 18
Property and equipment, net	10,885	19,302
Deferred revenue	7,745	3,428
Revenue remaining performance obligation	5,295
Contract with customer, asset, net	5,536
Revenue from non monetary transactions	0	0
Direct costs for non monetary exchanges	$ 0
VAT rate	6.00%
Cost of non-deductible input VAT that generated in prior years	$ 27	521	1,318
Advertising expenses	24	$ 143	$ 201
Unrecognised tax benefit	0			$ 11,065
Office space
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Property and equipment, net	9,324
Office equipment and furniture
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Property and equipment, net	$ 4,079
PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law [Member]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Operating loss carryforwards, limitations on use	According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB 100 thousand. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion.
Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department [Member]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Operating loss carryforwards, limitations on use	According to Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, the statute of limitation is six years if any company chargeable with tax has not been assessed or has been assessed at less than the proper amount, the statute of limitation is extended to 10 years if the underpayment of taxes is due to fraud or willful evasion.
Exchange of office software | Beijing Kingsoft Co., Ltd.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consideration amount	$ 431
Minimum | Investee Companies [Member]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Ownership percentage	20.00%
Maximum | Investee Companies [Member]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Ownership percentage	50.00%

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of estimated useful lives of property and equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Digital display network equipment
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Furniture and fixture
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Computer and office equipment | Minimum
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Computer and office equipment | Maximum
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Vehicle
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Software
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Office property
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimated useful lives	40 years

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of revenues by service categories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues from operations:
Revenues	$ 2,969	$ 11,796	$ 23,546
Air Travel Media Network
Revenues from operations:
Revenues	2,768	9,191	23,474
Gas Station Media Network
Revenues from operations:
Revenues	0	2,604
Others
Revenues from operations:
Revenues	$ 201	$ 1	$ 72

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SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS
Number of operating segments | segment	2
Revenues from external customers	$ 2,969	$ 11,796	$ 23,546
Depreciation and amortization	(2,836)	(3,954)	(1,334)
Segment gross profit (loss)	$ (2,355)	$ (3,098)	$ 3,846
Segment gross profit margin	(79.00%)	(26.00%)	16.00%
Media Network
SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS
Revenues from external customers	$ 2,969	$ 9,192	$ 23,546
Depreciation and amortization	(808)	(1,191)	(1,334)
Segment gross profit (loss)	$ (442)	$ (2,822)	$ 3,846
Segment gross profit margin	(15.00%)	(31.00%)	16.00%
Cryptocurrency mining
SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS
Revenues from external customers		$ 2,604	$ 0
Depreciation and amortization	$ (2,028)	(2,763)	0
Segment gross profit (loss)	$ (1,914)	$ (276)	$ 0
Segment gross profit margin	0.00%	(11.00%)	0.00%
Other
SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS
Revenues from external customers	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Segment gross profit (loss)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Segment gross profit margin	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Subtotal
SEGMENT INFORMATION AND REVENUE ANALYSIS
Revenues from external customers	$ 2,969	$ 11,796	$ 23,546
Depreciation and amortization	(2,836)	(3,954)	(1,334)
Segment gross profit (loss)	$ (2,355)	$ (3,098)	$ 3,846
Segment gross profit margin	(79.00%)	(26.00%)	16.00%

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Schedule of accounts receivable, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
Accounts receivable, gross	$ 4,311	$ 5,408
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	(2,890)	(3,150)	$ (3,797)	$ (5,437)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 1,421	$ 2,258

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET - Schedule of allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
Balance at beginning of the year	$ 3,150	$ 3,797	$ 5,437
Addition	100	234	524
Reverse	(380)	(875)	(144)
Disposal of subsidiaries			(2,276)
Exchange rate adjustment	20	(6)	256
Balance at end of the year	$ 2,890	$ 3,150	$ 3,797

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OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Gross	$ 96,643	$ 66,380
Allowance	(31,571)	(34,846)
Net	65,072	31,534
Stock subscriptions receivable
Gross	149	155
Net	149	155
Receivable from third party
Gross	29,346	27,107
Allowance	(20,002)	(21,862)
Net	9,344	5,245
Receivable from non-controlling interest holder
Gross	709	736
Allowance	(709)	(736)
Receivable from AM Advertising and its subsidiaries
Gross	22,840	23,257
Allowance	(7,896)	(8,545)
Net	14,944	14,712
Other prepaid expenses
Gross	3,917	4,223
Allowance	(2,490)	(3,089)
Net	1,427	1,134
Prepaid expenses of equipment
Gross	34,179
Net	34,179
Others
Gross	72	50
Net	72	50
Short-term deposits
Gross	1,102	3,980
Net	1,102	3,980
Input VAT receivable
Gross	3,296	5,379
Net	3,296	5,379
Prepaid selling and marketing fees
Gross	533	983
Allowance	(319)	(448)
Net	214	535
Prepaid individual income tax and other employee advances
Gross	500	510
Allowance	(155)	(166)
Net	$ 345	$ 344

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OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET - Additional information (Parenthetical) (Details) $ in Thousands, ¥ in Millions			12 Months Ended
	Apr. 06, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2022 CNY (¥)
Gross			$ 96,643	$ 66,380
Shares issued to purchase computer servers | shares	179,986,169	23,876,308
Value of shares issued to purchase computer servers	$ 34,179	$ 2,531	34,179	8,950
Loans to third parties			$ 6,056	$ 6,723
Debt instrument interest rate			5.00%	5.00%		5.00%
Sale of equity interest, percentage					75.00%
Shares issued to purchase computer servers | shares	179,986,169	23,876,308
AM Advertising
Financing receivable, allowance			$ 7,896	$ 8,545
Am Advertising And Its Subsidiaries Current Assets			22,840	23,257
Third Parties Loan
Financing receivable, allowance			6,056	6,699
Shareholder Loan
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | ¥						¥ 88.0
Input VAT receivable
Increase in input VAT receivable			2,083
Gross			$ 3,296	$ 5,379

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	$ 57,864	$ 63,542
Less: impairment	(19,189)	(16,353)
Less: accumulated depreciation	(27,957)	(28,067)
Total property and equipment, net	10,885	19,302
Depreciation expenses	2,836	3,954	$ 1,334
Impairment loss	4,079	0	$ 0
Wifi And Network Equipment
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	17,061	18,544
Office property
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	10,855	11,747
Software
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	9,756	10,558
Digital display network equipment.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	5,085	5,882
Computer and office equipment
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	11,238	12,671
Leasehold Improvements
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	2,540	2,769
Furniture and fixture
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	754	785
Vehicle
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	575	586
Construction in Progress
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment	$ 167	$ 180

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LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET - Schedule of equity method investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amount	$ 5,083	$ 11,844
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. ("BEMC")
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage	49.00%	49.00%
Amount	$ 1,186	$ 1,338
LMHB
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage	40.00%	40.00%
Amount	$ 178	$ 193
Less: impairment on equity method investments:	$ (178)	$ (191)
Unicom Air Net Beijing Network Co Ltd
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage	39.00%	39.00%
Amount	$ 3,897	$ 6,830

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LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET - Schedule of equity method investments - Parenthetical (Details) $ in Thousands, ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 22, 2017 CNY (¥)	Mar. 18, 2008
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Equity Method Investments	$ 5,083	$ 11,844
Retained earnings distributed to settle payables	0	0	$ 679
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. ("BEMC ")
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Gain (loss) on investment	(37)	57	$ 197
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. ("BEMC ") | Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Ownership percentage					51.00%
Beijing Eastern Media Corporation Ltd. ("BEMC ") | China Eastern Media Corporation
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Ownership percentage					49.00%
Unicom AirNet
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Gain (loss) on investment	$ 2,635	$ 2,945
Ownership percentage				39.00%
Equity Method Investments | ¥				¥ 117.9

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LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET - Schedule of equity investments without readily determinable fair values (Details) $ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 HKD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 HKD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 HKD ($)	Jan. 31, 2016
Cost method investments, fair value disclosure	$ 29,000		$ 31,384
Less: impairment on cost method investments	$ (48,732)		$ (52,739)
Zhangshangtong Air Service (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Zhangshangtong")
Ownership percentage	13.00%		13.00%		13.00%
Cost method investments, fair value disclosure	$ 545
Less: impairment on cost method investments			$ 589
Beijing Zhongjiao Huineng Information Technology Co., Ltd ("Zhongjiao Huineng")
Ownership percentage						13.30%
Less: impairment on cost method investments		$ (545)		$ (589)
AM Advertising
Ownership percentage	20.00%		20.00%		20.00%
Cost method investments, fair value disclosure			$ 83,534		$ 77,187
Less: impairment on cost method investments	$ (48,187)		$ (52,150)

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LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS - Schedule of equity investments without readily determinable fair values - Parenthetical (Details) $ in Thousands, $ in Thousands, ¥ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 HKD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 HKD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 30, 2019 CNY (¥)	Jan. 31, 2016
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Impairment loss on cost method investments		$ 48,732		$ 52,739
Amount of consideration received for sale of investments		$ 0		$ 0		$ 7,245
Outstanding amount of supplementary agreement | ¥								¥ 380
Zhangshangtong Air Service (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Zhangshangtong")
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Ownership percentage		13.00%	13.00%	13.00%	13.00%
Impairment loss on cost method investments				$ (589)
Beijing Zhongjiao Huineng Information Technology Co., Ltd ("Zhongjiao Huineng")
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Ownership percentage									13.30%
Impairment loss on cost method investments			$ 545		$ 589
AM Advertising
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Ownership percentage		20.00%	20.00%	20.00%	20.00%
Impairment loss on cost method investments		$ 48,187		$ 52,150
AM Advertising with Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, NET
Ownership percentage	20.32%
Impairment loss on cost method investments	$ 50,159
Accumulated impairment loss on investments						$ 50,932	$ 47,736

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LEASE (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplemental balance sheet information
Right-of-use assets	$ 16	$ 18
Lease liabilities - current	10	8
Lease liabilities - non-current	9	13
Total lease liabilities	$ 19	$ 21
weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	1 year 1 month 17 days
Weighted average discount rate	7.50%

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LEASE - Lease expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
LEASE
Operating lease cost	$ 19	$ 717
Total	$ 19	$ 717

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LEASE - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2023	$ 27
Total	27
Less: imputed interest	(8)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 19	$ 21

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued payroll and welfare	$ 1,742	$ 1,833
Other tax payable	50	55
Accrued staff disbursement	1,010	1,048
Deposit payable	25	27
Other current liabilities	8,137	6,406
Other accrued expenses	313	326
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 11,277	$ 9,695

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Additional information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 item	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Certificates of Deposits Pledged For Loans From Third Parties			$ 15,327
Amount pledged from proceeds received from two third parties under a short-term loan arrangement		$ 15,327
Number of third parties to whom loan was repaid | item	1

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INCOME TAXES - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended								36 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 HKD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes
Assessable profit to determine applicable tax rate		$ 2.0
Income tax rate	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 57,172
Income tax examination, penalties and interest expense					$ 4,324		$ 1,660	$ 2,664
Sale of equity interest, percentage								75.00%
Unrecognised tax benefit	0				$ 11,065
Unrecognised tax benefit on interest	0		$ 0	$ 0
Valuation allowance	68,427		56,486
Increased in net valuation allowance	11,941
Changes in valuation allowance	$ (4,326)		$ (763)	$ 10,282
Singapore
Income Taxes
Income tax rate	17.00%	17.00%
Minimum
Income Taxes
Assessable profit to determine applicable tax rate		$ 2.0
PRC Enterprise Income Tax
Income Taxes
Income tax rate	25.00%	25.00%
PRC Enterprise Income Tax | Wangfan Linghang Mobile Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Linghang")
Income Taxes
Preferential tax rate						15.00%			25.00%
PRC Enterprise Income Tax | Air Esurfing Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Air Esurfing")
Income Taxes
Preferential tax rate	25.00%	25.00%			15.00%
Inland Revenue, Hong Kong | Corporate Entity | Maximum
Income Taxes
Income tax rate	16.50%	16.50%
Inland Revenue, Hong Kong | Corporate Entity | Minimum
Income Taxes
Income tax rate	8.25%	8.25%
Inland Revenue, Hong Kong | Non Corporate Entity | Maximum
Income Taxes
Income tax rate	15.00%	15.00%
Inland Revenue, Hong Kong | Non Corporate Entity | Minimum
Income Taxes
Income tax rate	7.50%	7.50%

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INCOME TAXES - Income Tax (Expenses)/Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income tax expenses:
Current	$ 17	$ 284	$ 830
Deferred		0
Income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP	0	0	(11,065)
Income tax expenses (benefit), Net	$ 17	$ 284	$ (10,235)

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INCOME TAXES - Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation between the provision for income taxes computed by applying the PRC EIT rate of 25% to income before income taxes and the actual provision of income taxes
Net loss before provision for income taxes	$ (12,294)	$ (17,503)	$ (3,787)
PRC statutory tax rate	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Income tax at statutory tax rate	$ (3,074)	$ (4,376)	$ (947)
Expenses not deductible for tax purpose
Entertainment expenses exceeded the tax limit	28	42	48
Tax effect of impairment loss on property and equipment and intangible assets	668	0	0
Tax effect of unrealized net operating loss	7,780	5,575	4,481
Tax effect of other permanent differences	0	0	19
Non-taxable gain from subsidiaries disposal	0	0	(14,323)
Effect of income tax benefit due to reverse of UTP	0	0	(11,065)
Changes in valuation allowance	(4,326)	(763)	10,282
Effect of preferential tax rates granted to PRC entities	0	121	1,599
Effect of income tax rate change	(1,026)	(391)	(396)
Effect of income tax rate difference in other jurisdictions	(33)	76	67
Income tax (benefits) expenses	$ 17	$ 284	$ (10,235)
Effective tax rates	(0.10%)	(1.60%)	270.30%

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INCOME TAXES -Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	24 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 10,456	$ 10,391
Amortization of intangible assets	589	141
Net operating loss carry forwards	44,878	57,172
Excess marketing and advertising expense (15%)	42	28
Impairment on equipment	0	668
Recognized cost of non-deductible VAT-input that generated in prior years	521	28
Total deferred tax assets	56,486	68,427
Valuation allowance	(56,486)	(68,427)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$ 0	$ 0
Percentage of excess marketing and advertising expense	15.00%

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NET INCOME(LOSS) PER SHARE (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to AirNet Technology Inc.'s ordinary shareholders	$ (13,335)	$ (17,335)	$ 7,527
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss) income per ordinary share
Basic	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Diluted	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Weighted average shares used in calculating (loss) income per ADS
Basic	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Diluted	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Basic	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
Diluted	(1.71)	(3.95)	2.39
Net income (loss) per ADS
Basic	(1.71)	(3.95)	2.39
Diluted	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
ADS
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss) income per ordinary share
Basic	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Diluted	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Weighted average shares used in calculating (loss) income per ADS
Basic	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Diluted	7,803,348	4,390,703	3,144,890
Basic	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39
Diluted	(1.71)	(3.95)	2.39
Net income (loss) per ADS
Basic	(1.71)	(3.95)	2.39
Diluted	$ (1.71)	$ (3.95)	$ 2.39

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NET INCOME(LOSS) PER SHARE - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Dec. 01, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Apr. 06, 2022	Dec. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Common stock, shares authorized					22,500,000	22,500,000
Shares issued to purchase computer servers			179,986,169	23,876,308
Common stock, par value per share		$ 0.04			$ 0.04	$ 0.04
Share Consolidation
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Number of shares consolidated in to each share		40
Authorized stock, par value per share		$ 0.001
Number of shares for each consolidation		1
Authorized share capital		$ 1,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized		22,500,000
Common stock, par value per share		$ 0.04
Preferred shares, par value per share		$ 0.04
Preferred shares, authorized		2,500,000
Number of shares per ADS	1	10

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SHARE BASED PAYMENTS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2012
SHARE BASED PAYMENTS
Intrinsic value of options exercised during the period	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Share-based compensation expense	60	$ 186	$ 186
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 5
Employee service share-based compensation, non vested awards, compensation cost not yet recognized. period of recognition	14 days
Number of options granted	0	0	0
2012 stock incentive plan [Member]
SHARE BASED PAYMENTS
Number of shares authorized				6,000,000
Expiration term				5 years

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SHARE BASED PAYMENTS - Schedule of Stock Option Activities (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Number of options
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	6,540,000
Granted	0	0	0
Exercised	0
Forfeited	0
Expired	0
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000	6,540,000
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	6,540,000
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	4,152,490
Weighted average exercise price per option
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	$ 0.44
Granted	0
Exercised	0
Forfeited	0
Expired	0
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	0.44	$ 0.44
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	0.44
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	0.53
Weighted average grant-date fair value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	0.35
Granted	0
Exercised	0
Forfeited	0
Expired	0
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	0.35	$ 0.35
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	0.35
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	$ 0.53
Weighted average remaining contractual terms
Outstanding	6 months 10 days	1 year 6 months 10 days
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	6 months 10 days
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	2 months 12 days
Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022	0
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022	$ 0

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Impairment of investments	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
TREASURY SHARES AND REVERSE ADS SPLIT
Number of ADSs repurchased	1,306,486
Shares repurchased, amount	$ 17,400,000
Shares cancelled, shares	438,137
Treasury stock, Number of ADSs	868,349
Number of ADSs reissued		769,077	665,121
Treasury stock reissued	$ 24,818

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MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN
Contribution to employee benefits	$ 686	$ 1,056	$ 1,088

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STATUTORY RESERVES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Description Of General Reserve Limit On Registered Capital	Once the general reserve is accumulated to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital
Group allocated Statutory reserves	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Minimum
Percentage Of Appropriation To Reserve	10.00%

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RESTRICTED NET ASSETS - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
RESTRICTED NET ASSETS
Restricted net assets	$ 343,675
Restricted assets attributable to VIEs	138,700
Statutory reserves	$ 204,975

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LIABILITIES FOR LITIGATION - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands, ¥ in Millions		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 27, 2019 CNY (¥)	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2022 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 02, 2016	Jun. 29, 2016
Contingent Liability | $										$ 23,549
Amount of consideration received for sale of investments | $				$ 0		$ 0	$ 7,245
Interest Expense, Debt | ¥					¥ 7.8
Payables of Earnout Commitment | $				22,120		23,939
Other current assets | $				$ 65,072		$ 31,534
Settled Litigation
Settlement of litigation | $		$ 56,700
Litigation settlement term		10 days
Earnout commitment | $		$ 152,600
Other current assets | $		$ 95,900
Linghang Shengshi
Number of bank accounts frozed | item			2
Balance in bank account frozen | $			$ 1
Shareholder Loan
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | ¥									¥ 88.0
Longde Wenchuang the Buyer
Cash Payments | ¥					56.7
Linghang Shengshi
Equity interest disposed			75.00%
AM Advertising
Equity interest retained								20.32%
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Consideration | ¥									¥ 304.5
Variable Interest Entity, Measure of Activity, Operating Income or Loss | ¥					152.0
Proceeds from Sale of Cost Method Investments | ¥					¥ 56.7
Cost Method Investment, Sale of Ownership Percentage				20.32	20.32
Loss Contingency Accrual, Provision | ¥								¥ 152.6
Payment of Settlements | ¥	¥ 56.7
AM Advertising | AirMedia Group Inc
Equity interest retained								20.18%
Cost Method Investment, Sale of Ownership Percentage				20.18	20.18
AM Advertising | Linghang Shengshi
Equity interest retained												24.84%
AM Advertising | Mr. Man Guo
Cost Method Investment, Sale of Ownership Percentage				0.14	0.14
AM Advertising | Longde Wenchuang the Buyer
Equity interest retained												28.57%
AM Advertising | Linghang Shengshi
Equity interest retained											75.00%
AM Advertising | Culture Center
Equity interest retained												46.43%
AM Advertising | Shanghai Golden Bridge InfoTech Co., Ltd.
Equity interest retained												75.00%

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Amount Due from Related Parties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement
Amount due from related parties	$ 601	$ 0
Xu Qing | Principal Shareholder
Statement
Amount due from related parties	435	0
Unicom AirNet | Equity Method Investments
Statement
Amount due from related parties	$ 166	$ 0

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Amount Due to Related Parties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement
Amount due to related parties	$ 1,174
Zhichao Li | Principal Shareholder
Statement
Amount due to related parties	803
Rui Du | Principal Shareholder
Statement
Amount due to related parties	$ 371	$ 0

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Group Related Party (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement
Loans provided to related parties	$ 601	$ 0	$ 0
Xu Qing
Statement
Loans provided to related parties	435	0
Unicom AirNet
Statement
Loans provided to related parties	166	0
Zhichao Li
Statement
Loans received from related parties	803	0
Rui Du
Statement
Loans received from related parties	$ 371	$ 0

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,700	$ 1,569	$ 283
Other current assets	65,072	31,534
Total current assets	69,794	36,648
TOTAL ASSETS	115,149	96,035
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	11,277	9,695
Total liabilities	101,796	104,969
Equity
Ordinary shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	359	181
Additional paid-in capital	332,746	298,685
Treasury stock (245,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)	(1,148)	(1,148)
Accumulated deficits	(318,239)	(304,904)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	32,044	31,685
Total equity	13,353	(8,934)	(1,358)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	115,149	96,035
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	2	2
Amount due from subsidiaries	49,691	27,298
Other current assets	108	108
Total current assets	49,801	27,408
TOTAL ASSETS	49,801	27,408
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	4,039	2,909
Total liabilities	4,039	2,909
Equity
Ordinary shares ($0.04 par value; 22,500,000 shares authorized; 4,499,654 and 8,948,505 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively; 4,474,836 and 8,923,687 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	359	181
Additional paid-in capital	332,746	298,685
Treasury stock (245,818 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022)	(1,148)	(1,148)
Accumulated deficits	(318,239)	(304,904)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	32,044	31,685
Total equity	45,762	24,499	$ 31,623
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$ 49,801	$ 27,408

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - Balance Sheets - Parenthetical (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.04	$ 0.04	$ 0.04
Common stock, shares authorized	22,500,000		22,500,000
Common stock, shares issued	8,948,505		4,499,654
Common stock, shares outstanding	8,923,687		4,474,836
Treasury stock, shares	245,818		245,818
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.04		$ 0.04
Common stock, shares authorized	22,500,000		22,500,000
Common stock, shares issued	8,948,505		4,499,654
Common stock, shares outstanding	8,923,687		4,474,836
Treasury stock, shares	24,818		24,818

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing	$ (1,411)	$ (1,978)	$ (2,533)
General and administrative	(5,752)	(8,533)	(9,807)
Total operating expenses	(11,724)	(10,876)	(13,064)
Other (loss) income, net	5,366	581	9,120
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing	0	0	0
General and administrative	(1,231)	(566)	(250)
Total operating expenses	(1,231)	(566)	(250)
Other (loss) income, net	41	(11)	(32)
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries	(12,145)	(16,758)	7,809
Net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares	$ (13,335)	$ (17,335)	$ 7,527

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - Statements of Comprehensive income (loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment	$ 359	$ 377	$ (384)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Parent Company	(12,976)	(16,958)	7,143
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
Statement
Net income (loss)	(13,335)	(17,335)	7,527
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment	359	377	(384)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Parent Company	$ (12,976)	$ (16,958)	$ 7,143

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - Statements of Changes in Equity (Details) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Apr. 06, 2022	Dec. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement
Beginning Balance			$ (8,934,000)	$ (1,358,000)
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				0
Shares issued for purchase of equipment	$ 34,179,000	$ 2,531,000	34,179,000	8,950,000
Shares issued for purchase of equipment (in shares)	179,986,169	23,876,308
Shares issued to purchase computer servers	179,986,169	23,876,308
Share-based compensation			60,000	186,000
Foreign currency translation adjustment			359,000	377,000	$ (384,000)
Net income (loss)			(12,311,000)	(17,787,000)	6,448,000
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				698,000
Ending Balance			$ 13,353,000	$ (8,934,000)	$ (1,358,000)
Ordinary shares
Statement
Beginning Balance, (in shares)			4,474,836	3,738,527
Beginning Balance			$ 181,000	$ 152,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				$ 1,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation, (in shares)				25,989
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			$ 178,000	$ 28,000
Shares issued for purchase of equipment (in shares)			4,448,851	710,320
Shares issued to purchase computer servers			4,448,851	710,320
Share-based compensation			$ 0	$ 0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			$ 0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				$ 0
Ending Balance, shares			8,923,687	4,474,836	3,738,527
Ending Balance			$ 359,000	$ 181,000	$ 152,000
Additional paid-in capital
Statement
Beginning Balance			298,685,000	288,879,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				0
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			34,001,000	8,922,000
Share-based compensation			60,000	186,000
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				698,000
Ending Balance			332,746,000	298,685,000	288,879,000
Treasury Stock, Common
Statement
Beginning Balance			(1,148,000)	(2,351,000)
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				1,203,000
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			0	0
Share-based compensation			0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				0
Ending Balance			(1,148,000)	(1,148,000)	(2,351,000)
(Accumulated deficits) retained earnings
Statement
Beginning Balance			(304,904,000)	(286,365,000)
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				(1,204,000)
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			0	0
Share-based compensation			0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			(13,335,000)	(17,335,000)
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				0
Ending Balance			(318,239,000)	(304,904,000)	(286,365,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive Income
Statement
Beginning Balance			31,685,000	31,308,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				0
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			0	0
Share-based compensation			0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			359,000	377,000
Net income (loss)			0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				0
Ending Balance			32,044,000	31,685,000	31,308,000
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
Statement
Beginning Balance			24,499,000	31,623,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				0
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			34,179,000
Share issued				8,950,000
Share-based compensation			60,000	186,000
Foreign currency translation adjustment			359,000	377,000	(384,000)
Net income (loss)			(13,335,000)	(17,335,000)	7,527,000
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				698,000
Ending Balance			$ 45,762,000	$ 24,499,000	$ 31,623,000
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | Ordinary shares
Statement
Beginning Balance, (in shares)			4,474,836	3,738,527
Beginning Balance			$ 181,000	$ 152,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				$ 1,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation, (in shares)				25,989
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			$ 178,000
Shares issued for purchase of equipment (in shares)			4,448,851	710,320
Shares issued to purchase computer servers			4,448,851	710,320
Share issued				$ 28,000
Share-based compensation			$ 0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			$ 0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				$ 0
Ending Balance, shares			8,923,687	4,474,836	3,738,527
Ending Balance			$ 359,000	$ 181,000	$ 152,000
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | Additional paid-in capital
Statement
Beginning Balance			298,685,000	288,879,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				0
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			34,001,000
Share issued				8,922,000
Share-based compensation			60,000	186,000
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				698,000
Ending Balance			332,746,000	298,685,000	288,879,000
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | Treasury Stock, Common
Statement
Beginning Balance			(1,148,000)	(2,351,000)
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				1,203,000
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			0
Share issued				0
Share-based compensation			0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			0	0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				0
Ending Balance			(1,148,000)	(1,148,000)	(2,351,000)
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | (Accumulated deficits) retained earnings
Statement
Beginning Balance			(304,904,000)	(286,365,000)
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				(1,204,000)
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			0
Share issued				0
Share-based compensation			0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			0	0
Net income (loss)			(13,335,000)	(17,335,000)
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				0
Ending Balance			(318,239,000)	(304,904,000)	(286,365,000)
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities | Accumulated other comprehensive Income
Statement
Beginning Balance			31,685,000	31,308,000
Ordinary shares issued for share based compensation				0
Shares issued for purchase of equipment			0
Share issued				0
Share-based compensation			0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment			359,000	377,000
Net income (loss)				0
Capital contribution from noncontrolling				0
Ending Balance			$ 32,044,000	$ 31,685,000	$ 31,308,000

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$ (12,311)	$ (17,787)	$ 6,448
Share-based compensation	60	186	186
Bad debt provisions	100	258	412
CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Other current assets	614	547	(606)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(331)	620	141
Amount due from subsidiaries	0	27	1
Net cash used in operating activities	614	(4,975)	(5,555)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,212	(9,433)	19,164
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,131	(14,041)	14,651
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year	1,569	15,610	959
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	2,700	1,569	15,610
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	34,179	8,950	2,531
Parent Company | Reportable Legal Entities
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	(13,335)	(17,335)	7,527
Investment income (loss) in subsidiaries	12,145	16,758	(7,809)
Share-based compensation	60	186	186
CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,130	391	96
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year	2	2	2
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of year	2	2	2
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Share issuance for purchase of property and equipment	$ 34,179	$ 8,950	$ 2,531