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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2024

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM F-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

AirNet Technology Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

Not Applicable

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

Suite 301
No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027
The People’s Republic of China
+86-10 8450-8818

(Address and telephone number of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10168
(800) 221-0102

(Name, address, and telephone number of agent for service)

Copies to:

Dan Ouyang, Esq.
K. Ronnie Li, Esq.
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
Professional Corporation
Unit 2901, 29F, Tower C, Beijing Yintai Centre
No. 2 Jianguomenwai Avenue
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022
The People’s Republic of China
+86 10 6529-8300

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

†

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated May 10, 2024

PROSPECTUS

AirNet Technology Inc.

Ordinary Shares

Ordinary Shares Represented by American Depositary Shares

Preferred Shares

Debt Securities

Warrants

Units

and

Up to 4,572,788 Ordinary Shares Offered by Selling Shareholders

We may from time to time in one or more offerings offer and sell ordinary shares, including ordinary shares represented by American depositary shares (“ADSs”), preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, either individually or as units composed of one or more of the other securities, of an aggregate offering price of up to US$200,000,000. The selling shareholders identified in this prospectus may also offer and sell up to an aggregate of 4,572,788 ordinary shares. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of ordinary shares by the selling shareholders.

Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3, in no event will we sell the securities covered hereby in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our ordinary shares in any 12-month period so long as the aggregate market value of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by non-affiliates remains below US$75,000,000. The aggregate market value of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by non-affiliates, as of the date of this prospectus, was approximately US$7.2 million, which was calculated based on 6,611,898 ordinary shares held by non-affiliates and the per ADS price of US$1.0921, which was the closing price of our ADSs on May 9, 2024. During the 12 calendar months prior to and including the date of this prospectus, we have not offered or sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3.

The ADSs, each representing one ordinary share, par value US$0.04 per share, are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ANTE.” The last reported sale price of the ADSs on May 9, 2024 was US$1.0921 per ADS.

AirNet Technology Inc., our ultimate Cayman Islands holding company, does not have any substantive operations other than directly controlling (1) Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Chuangyi Technology”), our wholly-owned subsidiary in China that controls and holds the variable interest entities (the “VIEs”) and their respective subsidiaries (collectively, the “affiliated entities”) through certain contractual arrangements (commonly known as the “VIE structure”), which conduct our air travel media network business, and (2) Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xi’an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiaries in China that conduct our air travel media network business. The VIE structure is used to provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where the PRC law restricts direct foreign investment in certain operating companies, such as advertising services companies. Neither AirNet Technology Inc. nor Chuangyi Technology owns any equity interests in the affiliated entities. Our contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their respective shareholders are not equivalent of an investment in the equity interests of the VIEs, and investors may never hold equity interests in the Chinese operating companies, including the affiliated entities. Instead, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and we consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP in light of the VIE structure. Investors in the ADSs are purchasing the equity securities of AirNet Technology Inc., the Cayman Islands holding company, rather than the equity securities of the affiliated entities. As used in this prospectus, “we,” “us,” “our company,” “our” or “AirNet” refers to AirNet Technology Inc., together as a group with its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing the substantive operations and financial information relating to such operations of AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities as a whole, refers to AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities. The VIE structure involves unique risks to investors in our securities. It may not provide effective operational control over the affiliated entities and also faces risks and uncertainties associated with,

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among others, the interpretation and the application of the current and future PRC laws, rules and regulations to such contractual arrangements. As of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the contractual arrangements among Chuangyi Technology, the VIEs and their respective shareholders have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC regulatory authorities find these contractual arrangements non-compliant with the restrictions on direct foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if the relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations or their interpretation change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in the VIEs or forfeit our rights under the contractual arrangements. The PRC regulatory authorities could disallow the VIE structure at any time in the future, which would cause a material adverse change in our operations and cause the value of our securities you invested in to significantly decline or become worthless.

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China as we, through our PRC subsidiaries and the affiliated entities, conduct our operations in China. We are subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations in China. Moreover, the PRC government authorities have strengthened the oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, including the implementation of new regulations for filing-based administration of overseas offering and listing, cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, we face risks associated with the relevant requirements under the filing-based administration for overseas offering and listing and enhanced oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, which may impact our ability to conduct certain business, accept foreign investments, or conduct offerings on a U.S. or other foreign stock exchange. These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of the ADSs, significantly limit or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

In particular, on February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”) and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures apply to overseas securities offerings and/or listings conducted by (1) companies incorporated in the PRC, or PRC domestic companies, directly and (2) companies incorporated overseas with operations primarily in the PRC and valued on the basis of interests in PRC domestic companies, or indirect offerings. The Trial Measures requires (i) the filings of the overseas offering and listing plan by the PRC domestic companies with the CSRC under certain conditions, and (ii) the filing of their underwriters or placement agents with the CSRC under certain conditions and the submission of an annual report to the CSRC within the required timeline.

According to the Notice on the Administrative Arrangements for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the “Notice on Overseas Listing Measures”) published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, issuers that had already been listed in an overseas market by March 31, 2023, the date the Trial Measures became effective, are not required to make any immediate filing and are only required to comply with the filing requirements under the Trial Measures when it subsequently seeks to conduct a follow-on offering. Therefore, we are required to go through filing procedures with the CSRC within three working days after the completion of an offering we make pursuant to this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement and for our future offerings of our securities in an overseas market, including Nasdaq, under the Trial Measures. Other than the CSRC filing procedure we are required to make within three working days after each completion of the follow-on offerings we make since February 17, 2023, we, our subsidiaries and the affiliated entities, as advised our PRC legal counsel, Beijing DOCVIT Law Firm, (1) are not required to obtain permissions from the CSRC, and (2) have not been required to obtain or denied such and other permissions by the CSRC, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or any PRC government authority, under current PRC laws, regulations and rules in connection with a potential offering made pursuant to this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement as of the date of this prospectus.

We are subject to a number of prohibitions, restrictions and potential delisting risk under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, as amended (the “HFCAA”). Pursuant to the HFCAA and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) will identify us as a “Commission-Identified Issuer,” and the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchange, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the United States, will be prohibited if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for two consecutive years. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a

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report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. Whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, the ADSs will be delisted from Nasdaq Capital Market, and our securities will not be permitted for trading over the counter in the United States under the HFCAA and related regulations.

Cash may be transferred among AirNet Technology Inc., Chuangyi Technology and the affiliated entities, in the following manners: (1) funds may be transferred to Chuangyi Technology from AirNet Technology Inc. as needed through its subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the British Virgin Islands in the form of capital contribution or shareholder loans; (2) funds may be paid by the VIEs to Chuangyi Technology as service fees according to the contractual arrangements; (3) dividends or other distributions may be paid by Chuangyi Technology to AirNet Technology Inc. through its subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the British Virgin Islands; and (4) Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs may lend to and borrow from each other from time to time for business operation purposes.

In 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were no transfer of cash or other assets within our organization. As of the date of this prospectus, none of AirNet Technology Inc., Chuangyi Technology or the affiliated entities has paid any dividends or made any distributions to their respective shareholders, including any U.S. investors. For details, see “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure — Cash and asset flows through our organization” and “Prospectus Summary — Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities.” We expect to continue to distribute earnings and settle the service fees owed under the contractual arrangements at the request of Chuangyi Technology and based on our business needs, and we do not expect to declare dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently have not maintained any cash management policies that specifically dictate how funds shall be transferred among AirNet Technology Inc., the subsidiaries of AirNet Technology Inc. (including Chuangyi Technology), the affiliated entities and investors. We will determine the payment of dividends and fund transfer based on our specific business needs in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. See “Prospectus Summary — Dividend Distribution and Taxation.”

To the extent our cash or assets in the business are in mainland China or Hong Kong or a mainland China or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of mainland China or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries or the affiliated entities to transfer cash or assets. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of funds out of China, which may restrict the transfer of cash between AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries, the affiliated entities or the investors. Under PRC laws and regulations, Chuangyi Technology and the affiliated entities are subject to certain foreign exchange restrictions with respect to payment of dividends or otherwise transfers of any of their net assets to us. Remittance of dividends by Chuangyi Technology out of China is also subject to certain procedures with the banks designated by the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange. These restrictions are benchmarked against the paid-up capital and the statutory reserve funds of Chuangyi Technology and the net assets of the VIEs in which we have no legal ownership. While between AirNet Technology Inc. and its Hong Kong subsidiary, there are currently no such restrictions on foreign exchange and our ability to transfer cash or assets, if certain PRC laws and regulations, including existing laws and regulations and those enacted or promulgated in the future are to become applicable to the Hong Kong subsidiaries in the future, and to the extent our cash or assets are in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our ability to transfer funds or assets by the PRC government. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries or the affiliated entities to transfer or distribute cash within the organization, which could result in an inability of or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to entities outside of mainland China and Hong Kong.

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Investing in these securities involves risks. See the “Risk Factors” section contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus to read about factors you should consider before investing in these securities.

Each time we or any selling shareholders sell these securities, we or such selling shareholders will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the terms of the securities offered. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement before you invest in any of these securities.

We or the selling shareholders may offer and sell the securities from time to time at fixed prices, at market prices or at negotiated prices, to or through underwriters, to other purchasers, through agents, or through a combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis. See “Plan of Distribution.” If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangements between or among them, will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement.

This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the disclosures in this prospectus, including any prospectus supplement and documents incorporated by reference. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2024

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information about Us” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires,

•

“ADSs” refers to American depositary shares, each representing one ordinary share, and “ADRs” refers to American depositary receipts that evidence ADSs;

•

“AirNet Online” refers to Yuehang Sunshine Network Technology Group Co., Ltd.;

•

“China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this prospectus only, Taiwan, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region;

•

“Chuangyi Technology” refers to Yuehang Chuangyi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiary in China;

•

“Iwangfan” refers to Wangfan Tianxia Network Technology Co., Ltd.;

•

“Linghang Shengshi” refers to Beijing Linghang Shengshi Advertising Co., Ltd.;

•

“ordinary shares” refers to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.04 per share;

•

“Renminbi” or “RMB” refers to the legal currency of China;

•

“VIEs” means the variable interest entities that AirNet Technology Inc. controls and consolidates through contractual arrangements, including AirNet Online, Linghang Shengshi and Iwangfan, and “affiliated entities” refers to, collectively, the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries;

•

“we,” “us,” “our company,” “our” or “AirNet” refers to AirNet Technology Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability, its subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, as the context requires;

•

“U.S. GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States; and

•

“US$,” “dollars” or “U.S. dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a shelf registration process permitted under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). By using a shelf registration statement, we or the selling shareholders identified in this prospectus may sell any of our securities to the extent permitted in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, from time to time in one or more offerings on a continuous or delayed basis. This prospectus only provides you with a summary description of these securities. Each time we or any selling shareholders sell the securities, we or such selling shareholders will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities being offered and the specific terms of that offering. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the prospectus supplement.

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement. Neither we nor any selling shareholders identified in this prospectus have authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable supplement to this prospectus is accurate as of the date on its respective cover, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may have changed since those dates.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. We urge you to read this entire prospectus (as supplemented or amended), including our consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus from our other filings with the SEC, before making an investment decision. Investors should note that AirNet Technology Inc., our ultimate Cayman Islands holding company, is not an operating company, and we conduct our operations in China described in this prospectus primarily through Chuangyi Technology and its contractual arrangements with the VIEs.

Company Overview

We conduct our air travel media network business operations primarily by the VIEs and their respective subsidiaries.

Driven by innovation, we have gradually reinvented ourselves and shaped our core competitiveness in providing in-flight solutions to connectivity, entertainment and digital multimedia in China. Collaborating with our partners, we provide Chinese airlines with seamless and immersive internet connections through a network of satellites and land-based beacons, furnish airline travelers with interactive entertainment and coverage of breaking news, and provide corporate clients with advertisements tailored to the changing perceptions of the travelers.

Collaborating with China Unicom, we are licensed to provide in-flight connectivity over the internet. Furthermore, backed by our partners’ next-generation satellite communications hardware, we are able to provide airline travelers with a seamless and immersive internet connection delivering the same experience as it would have been otherwise on the ground. Moreover, our strategic partnership with China Eastern Airlines Media Co., Ltd. enables us to deliver multimedia contents to travelers on airplanes operated by China Eastern Airlines through a mobile app.

In addition to our active endeavors in in-flight connectivity, we maintain a wide range of in-flight entertainment and advertising contents. As of March 31, 2024, we had access to in-flight entertainment and advertising contents including exclusive in-flight copyrights to over 65% of movies previously shown in domestic theaters, more than 900 archived films, and thousands of hours of multimedia programs of entertainment nature covering a variety of topics such as sports, comedies, local attractions, reality shows, commentaries, documentaries. As of March 31, 2024, we were engaged to provide copyrighted entertainment contents to more than 12 airlines. Furthermore, we are engaged by hundreds of corporate clients to provide advertising contents across different in-flight entertainment systems. Built upon our experiences, we are capable of developing entertainment contents independently and producing advertising contents tailored to the needs of corporate clients.

Our products and services combine in-flight connectivity and entertainment. To further grow our business, we are committed to take full advantage of our partnership with China Unicom and partners to improve travelers’ experience when they connect to the internet en route of their travel. Meanwhile, we are devoted to maintaining a versatile collection of entertainment contents covering a variety of aspects of lifestyles attracting traveling consumers. We are also satisfying the advertising needs of corporate clients through our influence on travelling consumers.

Risks and Challenges

Investing in our securities, including the ADSs, entails a significant level of risk. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties summarized below in addition to all of the other information in this prospectus and documents that are incorporated in this prospectus by reference, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and, if applicable, in any accompanying prospectus supplement or documents incorporated by reference. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described under the heading “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors” in our most recently filed annual report on Form 20-F, alone or in

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combination with other events or circumstances, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Such risks include, but are not limited to:

Risks Related to Our Business

•

We incurred net losses in the past and we may incur losses in the future. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — We incurred net losses in the past and we may incur losses in the future” in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 20-F”);

•

We have a limited operating history in various business lines, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — We have a limited operating history in various business lines, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects” in the 2023 20-F;

•

The termination of our cryptocurrency mining business could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — The termination of our cryptocurrency mining business could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition” in the 2023 20-F;

•

If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, our air travel media network, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow from our operating activities and our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, our air travel media network, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow from our operating activities and our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected” in the 2023 20-F; and

•

If we do not succeed in launching our in-flight business, our future results of operations and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — If we do not succeed in launching our in-flight business, our future results of operations and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected” in the 2023 20-F.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

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If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, our business could be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, our business could be materially and adversely affected” in the 2023 20-F;

•

Because some of the shareholders of the VIEs in China are our directors and officers, their fiduciary duties to us may conflict with their respective roles in the VIEs, and their interest may not be aligned with the interests of our unaffiliated public security holders. If any of the shareholders of the VIEs fails to act in the best interests of our company or our shareholders, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Because some of the shareholders of the VIEs in China are our directors and officers, their fiduciary duties to us may conflict with their respective roles in the VIEs, and their interest may not be aligned with the interests of our unaffiliated public security holders. If any of the shareholders of the VIEs fails to act in the best interests of our company or our shareholders, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected” in the 2023 20-F;

•

We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a substantial portion of our China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a

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substantial portion of our China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control” in the 2023 20-F; and

•

We have not registered the pledge of equity interest by certain shareholder of the consolidated affiliated entities with the relevant authority, and we may not be able to enforce the equity pledge against any third parties who acquire the equity interests in good faith in the relevant consolidated affiliated entities before the pledge is registered. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — We have not registered the pledge of equity interest by certain shareholder of the consolidated affiliated entities with the relevant authority, and we may not be able to enforce the equity pledge against any third parties who acquire the equity interests in good faith in the relevant consolidated affiliated entities before the pledge is registered” in the 2023 20-F.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

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Adverse changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our services and have a material adverse effect on our competitive position. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Adverse changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our services and have a material adverse effect on our competitive position” in the 2023 20-F;

•

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to us or result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to us or result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention” in the 2023 20-F;

•

Any actions by the Chinese government, including any decision to intervene or influence the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, or to exert control over any offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of these entities, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Any actions by the Chinese government, including any decision to intervene or influence the operations of our subsidiaries and the consolidated affiliated entities, or to exert control over any offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of these entities, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless” in the 2023 20-F; and

•

A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects” in the 2023 20-F.

Risks Related to the Market for Our ADSs

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The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Market for Our ADSs — The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile” in the 2023 20-F; and

•

If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ADSs and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Market for Our ADSs — If we fail to comply with the continued

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listing requirements of Nasdaq, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ADSs and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us” in the 2023 20-F.

Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure

The VIE structure and its associated risks

AirNet Technology Inc., our ultimate Cayman Islands holding company, does not have any substantive operations. We carry out our air travel media network business through Chuangyi Technology, our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, and its contractual arrangements, commonly known as the VIE structure, with the VIEs based in China, due to the PRC regulatory restrictions on direct foreign investment in advertising services companies. We also carry out our air travel media network business through Shenzhen Yuehang Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xi’an Shengshi Dinghong Information Technology Co., Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiaries in China. Investors in the ADSs are purchasing the equity securities of AirNet Technology Inc., the Cayman Islands holding company, rather than the equity securities of the affiliated entities. The following diagram illustrates our principal subsidiaries, the VIEs and the VIEs’ respective subsidiaries as of the date of this prospectus.

(1)

AirNet Online is owned as to owned as to 80.0%, 15.0% and 5.0% by Man Guo, Qing Xu and Tao Hong, respectively.

(2)

In December 2016, AirNet Online and an individual signed concurrently an equity transfer agreement and an entrusted equity holding agreement, pursuant to which AirNet Online transferred 100% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang Digital Media Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Yuehang”) to the individual and entrusted the individual to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests.

In December 2017, the individual and a third-party company signed an equity transfer agreement, pursuant to which the individual transferred 15% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to the third-party company, and AirNet Online signed another entrusted equity holding agreement with the third-party company, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted the third-party company to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests. The entrusted equity holding agreement with this third-party company terminates upon the earlier of (i) three years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (ii) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

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In September 2019, the individual and another individual signed an equity transfer agreement, pursuant to which the individual transferred 85% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to the other individual, and AirNet Online signed another entrusted equity holding agreement with the other individual, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted the other individual to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interest. The entrusted equity holding agreement with this individual terminates upon the earlier of (i) one years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (ii) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

In September 2020, Beijing Yuehang and another third-party company signed a capital increase agreement, pursuant to which the other third-party company subscribe 1.6103% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang.

In August 2021, the individual and another individual signed an equity transfer agreement, pursuant to which the individual transferred 5.0002% equity interests in Beijing Yuehang to the other individual, and AirNet Online signed another entrusted equity holding agreement with the other individual, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted the other individual to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interest. The entrusted equity holding agreement with this individual terminates upon the earlier of (i) two years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (ii) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

Therefore, AirNet Online as the actual major investor in Beijing Yuehang holds actual controlling shareholder rights and receives benefits from the investment in Beijing Yuehang.

(3)

Iwangfan is owned as to 90.0% and 10.0% by Man Guo and Lin Wang, respectively. Tao Hong divested all his equity interests in Iwangfan in December 2021. AirNet Online signed an entrusted equity holding agreement with Lin Wang, pursuant to which AirNet Online entrusted Lin Wang to act as the nominee shareholder of the foregoing equity interests. The entrusted equity holding agreement with this individual terminates upon the earlier of (i) two years from the date of the entrusted equity holding agreement or (ii) the transfer of all entrusted equity by AirNet Online to AirNet Online itself or a third party designated by AirNet Online.

(4)

Linghang Shengshi is owned as to 86.9193%, 12.9954% and 0.0852% by Herman Man Guo, Qing Xu and Xiao Ya Zhang, respectively.

The VIE structure was established through a series of agreements entered into among Chuangyi Technology, the VIEs and each of their existing shareholders (except Lin Wang), comprising technology support and service agreements, technology development agreements, exclusive technology consultation and service agreement, call option agreements, equity pledge agreements and authorization letters. The contractual arrangements allow us to (1) be considered as the primary beneficiary of the VIEs for accounting purposes and consolidate the financial results of the VIEs, (2) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIEs, (3) have the pledge right over the equity interests in the VIEs as the pledgee, and (4) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIEs when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.

However, neither AirNet Technology Inc. nor Chuangyi Technology owns any equity interests in the affiliated entities. Our contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their respective shareholders are not equivalent of an investment in the equity interests of the VIEs, and investors may never hold equity interests in the Chinese operating companies, including the affiliated entities. Instead, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and we consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP in light of the VIE structure.

The VIE structure involves unique risks to investors in our securities. It may be less effective than direct ownership in providing us with operational control over the affiliated entities, and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. For example, the VIEs and their shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of the VIEs in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. If we had direct ownership of the VIEs in China, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIEs, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable

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fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIEs and their shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to direct the VIEs’ activities. The shareholders of the VIEs may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system.

We may face challenges in enforcing the contractual arrangements due to jurisdictional and legal limitations. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, rules and regulations regarding the status of the rights of our Cayman Islands holding company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders through Chuangyi Technology. As of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the contractual arrangements among Chuangyi Technology, the VIEs and their respective shareholders have not been tested in a court of law. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to VIE structure will be adopted or, if adopted, what they would provide. If we or the VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required licenses, permits, registrations or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. The PRC regulatory authorities could disallow the VIE structure at any time in the future. If the PRC government deems that our contractual arrangements with the VIEs do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties and may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements, or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Our Cayman Islands holding company, our subsidiaries, the affiliated entities, and investors in our securities (including the ADS) face uncertainty with respect to potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of our company and the affiliated entities as a whole.

Revenues contributed by the affiliated entities accounted for a substantial portion of our total revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023. For a condensed consolidation schedule depicting the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for us, Chuangyi Technology and the affiliated entities during 2021, 2022 and 2023, see “— Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities.” For details of the permissions and licenses required for operating our business in China and the related limitations, see “— Permissions or Approvals Required from the PRC Authorities.”

Cash and asset flows through our organization

In light of our holding company structure and the VIE structure, our ability to pay dividends to the shareholders, and to service any debt we may incur may highly depend upon dividends paid by Chuangyi Technology to us and service fees paid by the VIEs to Chuangyi Technology, despite that we may obtain financing at the holding company level through other methods. For example, if any of Chuangyi Technology or the VIEs incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to us and our shareholders, as well as the ability to settle amounts owed under the contractual arrangements. As of the date of this prospectus, none of AirNet Technology Inc., Chuangyi Technology or the affiliated entities has paid any dividends or made any distributions to their respective shareholders, including any U.S. investors. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, the total amount of the service fees that the VIEs paid to Chuangyi Technology under the contractual arrangements was nil. We expect to continue to distribute earnings and settle the service fees owed under the contractual arrangements at the request of Chuangyi Technology and based on our business needs, and we do not expect to declare dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently have not maintained any cash management policies that specifically dictate how funds shall be transferred among AirNet Technology Inc., the subsidiaries of AirNet Technology Inc. (including Chuangyi Technology), the affiliated entities and investors. We will determine the payment of dividends and fund transfer based on our specific business needs in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

Under PRC laws and regulations, Chuangyi Technology is permitted to pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations.

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Furthermore, Chuangyi Technology and the VIEs are required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserve funds or may make appropriations to certain discretionary funds, which are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of a solvent liquidation of the companies. Remittance of dividends by Chuangyi Technology out of China is also subject to certain procedures with the banks designated by the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange. These restrictions are benchmarked against the paid-in capital and the statutory reserve funds of Chuangyi Technology and the net assets of the VIEs in which we have no legal ownership. In addition, while between AirNet Technology Inc. and its Hong Kong subsidiaries, there are currently no such restrictions on foreign exchange and our ability to transfer cash or assets, if certain PRC laws and regulations, including existing laws and regulations and those enacted or promulgated in the future are to become applicable to the Hong Kong subsidiaries in the future, and to the extent our cash or assets are in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our ability to transfer funds or assets by the PRC government. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on AirNet Technology Inc., its subsidiaries or the affiliated entities to transfer or distribute cash within the organization, which could result in an inability of or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to entities outside of mainland China and Hong Kong.

Under PRC laws and regulations, we, the Cayman Islands holding company, may fund Chuangyi Technology only through capital contribution or shareholder loans, and fund the VIEs only through loans, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were no transfer of cash or other assets within our organization.

Dividend Distribution and Taxation

As of the date of this prospectus, none of AirNet Technology Inc., Chuangyi Technology or the affiliated entities has paid any dividends or made any distributions to their respective shareholders, including any U.S. investors, nor do we have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on the ADSs in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

Subject to the “passive foreign investment company” rules, the gross amount of any distribution that we make to a U.S. holder with respect to the ADSs and the underlying ordinary shares (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC withholding taxes) will be taxable as a dividend for United States federal income tax purposes, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. In addition, if we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax.

Permissions or Approvals Required from the PRC Authorities

Permission required for our operations

We currently conduct our air travel media network business operations in China by Chuangyi Technology and its contractual arrangements with the affiliated entities. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. We and the VIEs are required to obtain certain licenses, permits and approvals from relevant governmental authorities in China in order to operate our business. As of the date of this prospectus, as advised by our PRC legal counsel, Beijing DOCVIT Law Firm, we and the VIEs have obtained the licenses, permits and approvals from the PRC government authorities necessary for our business operations in China, including, among others, a business license which specifically includes within its scope the operation of an advertising business.

Given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations and the enforcement practice by relevant government authorities, and the promulgation of new laws and regulations and amendment to the existing ones, we may be required to obtain additional licenses, permits, registrations, filings or approvals for our business operations in the future. We cannot assure you that we or the VIEs will be able to obtain, in a timely manner or at all, or maintain such licenses, permits or approvals, and we or the VIEs may also inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required. Any lack of or failure to maintain requisite licenses, permits or approvals applicable to us or the VIEs may have a material

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adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

Potential CAC and CSRC approval required for offerings under this prospectus

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severe and Lawful Crackdown on Illegal Securities Activities, which was available to the public on July 6, 2021. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. These opinions proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents facing China-based overseas-listed companies and the demand for cybersecurity and data privacy protection. Moreover, on January 4, 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) and several other PRC government authorities jointly announced the adoption of the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022 and provides that network platform operators possessing personal information of more than one million individual users must undergo a cybersecurity review by the CAC when they seek to have their securities listed on a foreign stock exchange. Furthermore, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Personal Information Protection Law of the PRC (the “PIPL”), which became effective on November 1, 2021, requires such operators to obtain consent of the user prior to any cross-border transfer of personal information, as well as the satisfaction of at least one of the following conditions: (1) a security assessment organized by competent cybersecurity authorities has been passed; (2) certification of personal information protection from a specialized institution in accordance with the provisions issued by competent cybersecurity authorities has been passed; (3) a model standard contract about both parties’ rights and obligations formulated by competent cybersecurity authorities with the overseas recipient has been entered into; or (4) any other condition prescribed by laws, administrative regulations or by competent cybersecurity authorities has been satisfied. These policies and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirement. As of the date of this prospectus, no official guidance or related implementation rules have been issued in relation to these recently issued opinions, and the interpretation and implementation of these opinions remain unclear at this stage. Moreover, the M&A Rules requires an overseas special purpose vehicle that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies using shares of such special purpose vehicle or held by its shareholders as considerations to obtain the approval of the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear.

Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and made a number of public statements on the regulation of business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. The PRC government also exerts more control over offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers. In particular, on February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”) and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures apply to overseas securities offerings and/or listings conducted by (1) companies incorporated in the PRC, or PRC domestic companies, directly and (2) companies incorporated overseas with operations primarily in the PRC and valued on the basis of interests in PRC domestic companies, or indirect offerings. The Trial Measures requires (i) the filings of the overseas offering and listing plan by the PRC domestic companies with the CSRC under certain conditions, and (ii) the filing of their underwriters or placement agents with the CSRC under certain conditions and the submission of an annual report to the CSRC within the required timeline. On the same day, the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions”) promulgated by the CSRC came into effect. Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions stipulate that the PRC companies seeking overseas offerings and listings, either directly or indirectly, as well as securities firms and securities service providers (both the PRC and overseas) involved in relevant businesses, must not disclose any state secrets or confidential information of government agencies, nor harm national security and public interests. Additionally, if a domestic company provides accounting archives or copies of such archives to

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any entities, including securities firms, securities service providers, overseas regulators and individuals, it must comply with due procedures in accordance with applicable regulations. We believe that offerings under this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement do not involve the disclosure of any state secret or confidential information of government agencies, nor does it harm national security and public interests. However, we may need to perform additional procedures concerning the provision of accounting archives. The specific requirements of these procedures are currently unclear, and we cannot guarantee our ability to execute them.

According to the Notice on the Administrative Arrangements for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the “Notice on Overseas Listing Measures”) published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, issuers that had already been listed in an overseas market by March 31, 2023, the date the Trial Measures became effective, are not required to make any immediate filing and are only required to comply with the filing requirements under the Trial Measures when it subsequently seeks to conduct a follow-on offering. Therefore, we are required to go through filing procedures with the CSRC within three working days after the completion of an offering we make pursuant to this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement and for our future offerings of our securities in an overseas market, including Nasdaq, under the Trial Measures. Other than the CSRC filing procedure we are required to make within three working days after each completion of the follow-on offerings we make since February 17, 2023, we, our PRC subsidiaries and the affiliated entities, as advised our PRC legal counsel, Beijing DOCVIT Law Firm, (1) are not required to obtain permissions from the CSRC, and (2) have not been required to obtain or denied such and other permissions by the CSRC, CAC, or any PRC government authority, under current PRC laws, regulations and rules in connection with a potential offering made pursuant to this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement as of the date of this prospectus.

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

Pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, as amended (the “HFCAA”) and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the SEC will identify us as a “Commission-Identified Issuer,” and the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchange, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the United States, will be prohibited if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for two consecutive years. In August 2022, the PCAOB, the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC signed the Statement of Protocol, which establishes a specific and accountable framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-governed accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong.

On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. Whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, the ADSs will be delisted from Nasdaq Capital Market, and our securities will not be permitted for trading over the counter in the United States under the HFCAA and related regulations.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at Suite 301, No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86-10 8450-8818. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is at the offices of Maples Corporate

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Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.

Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities

The following tables present the consolidating schedule of financial information relating to AirNet Technology Inc., or the Parent, affiliated entities and non-VIE consolidated entities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 and 2023.

Selected consolidated statements of operations data

	Year ended December 31, 2021
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net revenues		—		9,075		2,602		—		11,677
Cost of revenues		—		12,653		2,122		—		14,775
Gross (loss) profit		—		(3,578)		480		—		(3,098)
Operating expenses		566		8,173		2,137		—		10,876
Operating loss		(566)		(11,751)		(1,657)		—		(13,974)
Other (expense) income		(11)		(3,691)		173		—		(3,529)
Loss from subsidiaries		(16,758)		—		—		16,758		—
Loss before income taxes		(17,335)		(15,442)		(1,484)		16,758		(17,503)
Net loss		(17,335)		(15,726)		(1,484)		16,758		(17,787)

	Year ended December 31, 2022
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net revenues		—		2,867		1		—		2,868
Cost of revenues		—		3,194		2,029		—		5,223
Gross loss		—		(327)		(2,028)		—		(2,355)
Operating expenses		1,231		5,749		4,744		—		11,724
Operating loss		(1,231)		(6,076)		(6,772)		—		(14,079)
Other income (expense)		41		3,611		(1,867)		—		1,785
Loss from subsidiaries		(11,616)		—		—		11,616		—
Loss before income taxes		(12,806)		(2,465)		(8,639)		11,616		(12,294)
Net loss		(12,806)		(2,482)		(8,639)		11,616		(12,311)

	Year ended December 31, 2023
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net revenues		—		845		—		—		845
Cost of revenues		—		1,376		—		—		1,376
Gross loss		—		(531)		—		—		(531)
Operating expenses		531		1,924		870		—		3,325

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	Year ended December 31, 2023
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Operating loss		(531)		(2,455)		(870)		—		(3,856)
Other income (expense)		8		5,009		(1,037)		—		3,980
Loss from subsidiaries		(51)		—		—		51		—
(Loss) income before income taxes		(574)		2,554		(1,907)		51		(2,357)
Net (loss) income		(574)		2,236		(1,907)		51		(2,358)

Selected consolidated balance sheets data

	As of December 31, 2021
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total current assets		27,408		29,093		255,958		(275,811)		36,648
Total non-current assets		—		53,744		5,643		—		59,387
Total assets		27,408		82,837		261,601		(275,811)		96,035
Total current liabilities		2,909		350,685		27,206		(275,811)		104,956
Total non-current liabilities		—		13		—		—		13
Total liabilities		2,909		350,698		27,206		(275,811)		104,969
Total shareholders’ equity		24,499		(267,828)		234,395		—		(8,934)

	As of December 31, 2022
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total current assets		50,328		37,842		256,531		(274,908)		69,793
Total non-current assets		—		44,476		880		—		45,356
Total assets		50,328		82,318		257,411		(274,908)		115,149
Total current liabilities		4,039		345,450		27,206		(274,908)		101,787
Total non-current liabilities		—		9		—		—		9
Total liabilities		4,039		345,459		27,206		(274,908)		101,796
Total shareholders’ equity		46,289		(262,614)		230,205		—		13,353

	As of December 31, 2023
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total current assets		16,406		40,336		240,367		(267,194)		29,915
Total non-current assets		—		30,116		12,143		—		42,259
Total assets		16,406		70,452		252,510		(267,194)		72,174
Total current liabilities		4,557		171,625		175,431		(267,194)		84,419
Total non-current liabilities		—		8,842		—		—		8,842

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	As of December 31, 2023
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Total liabilities		4,557		180,467		175,431		(267,194)		93,261
Total shareholders’ equity		11,849		(110,015)		77,079		—		(21,087)

Selected consolidated statements of cash flows data

	Year ended December 31, 2021
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		—		(5,231)		359		(104)		(4,975)
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—		—		—
Net cash used in financing activities		—		(9,433)		—		—		(9,433)

	Year ended December 31, 2022
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		—		1,729		(322)		(655)		752
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—		—		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		1,212		—		—		1,212

	Year ended December 31, 2023
	Parent		Consolidated affiliated entities		Non-VIE consolidated entities		Inter-company elimination		Group consolidated
	(US$ in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities		—		(1,514)		(186)		(117)		(1,817)
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—		—		—
Net cash used in financing activities		—		(1,222)		—		—		(1,222)

Recent Share Issuances

In March 2024, we entered into certain advisory agreements with two individuals (LIN Qiaoli and CAI Tianyu) to engage them for business development services for a term of two years, for which 600,000 ordinary shares were issued to each of them as compensation in April 2024.

In April 2024, we completed a private placement of 3,372,788 ordinary shares for an aggregate subscription amount of US$5.7 million with certain investors.

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INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with them. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. Each document incorporated by reference is current only as of the date of such document, and the incorporation by reference of such documents shall not create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since the date thereof or that the information contained therein is current as of any time subsequent to its date. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus and should be read with the same care. When we update the information contained in documents that have been incorporated by reference by making future filings with the SEC, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus is considered to be automatically updated and superseded. In other words, in the case of a conflict or inconsistency between information contained in this prospectus and information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in the document that was filed later.

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below:

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our 2023 20-F filed with the SEC on April 26, 2024;

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our current reports on Form 6-K furnished with the SEC on May 2, 2024 and May 8, 2024;

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the description of the securities contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on October 24, 2007 (File No. 001-33765) pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act together with all amendments and reports filed for the purpose of updating that description; and

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with respect to each offering of the securities under this prospectus, all our subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F and any report on Form 6-K that indicates that it is being incorporated by reference that we file or furnish with the SEC on or after the date on which the registration statement is first filed with the SEC and until the termination or completion of the offering by means of this prospectus.

Our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on April 26, 2024 contains a description of our business and audited consolidated financial statements with reports by independent auditors. The consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Unless expressly incorporated by reference, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate by reference information furnished to, but not filed with, the SEC. Copies of all documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to those documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in this prospectus, will be provided at no cost to each person, including any beneficial owner, who receives a copy of this prospectus on the written or oral request of that person made to:

Suite 301
No. 26 Dongzhimenwai Street
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027
The People’s Republic of China
+86-10 8450-8818

You should rely only on the information that we incorporate by reference or provide in this prospectus. Neither we nor any selling shareholders identified in this prospectus have authorized anyone to provide you with different information. Neither we nor any selling shareholders are making any offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of those documents.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement, and the information incorporated by reference herein may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Sections of this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, particularly the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary” and “Risk Factors,” among others, discuss factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance.

You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our results of operations, financial condition, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements about:

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our growth strategies;

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our future business development, results of operations and financial condition, including the products and services combining in-flight connectivity and entertainment;

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competition in the advertising industry and in particular, the travel advertising industry in China;

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the expected growth in consumer spending, average income levels and advertising spending levels;

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the growth of the air, train and long-haul bus travel sectors in China;

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the length and severity of the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on our business and industry; and

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PRC governmental policies relating to the advertising industry.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, or the information incorporated by reference herein relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in such document. Except as required by U.S. federal securities law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, and the information incorporated by reference herein, along with any exhibits thereto, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this prospectus, prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement, and the information incorporated by reference herein may also contain estimates, projections and statistical data that we obtained from industry publications and reports generated by government or third-party providers of market intelligence. Although we have not independently verified the data, we believe that the publications and reports are reliable. However, the statistical data and estimates in these publications and reports are based on a number of assumptions and if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. In addition, due to the rapidly evolving nature of the advertising industry in China, projections or estimates about our business and financial prospects involve significant risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES

We may issue, offer and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, the following securities:

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ordinary shares, including ordinary shares represented by ADSs;

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preferred shares;

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debt securities;

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warrants; and

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units.

The following is a description of the terms and provisions of our ordinary shares, the ADSs, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants and units, which we may offer and sell using this prospectus. These summaries are not meant to be a complete description of each security. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement a description of the preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, and units, in certain cases, the ordinary shares (including ordinary shares represented by ADSs) that may be offered under this prospectus. The terms of the offering of securities, the offering price and the net proceeds to us, as applicable, will be contained in the prospectus supplement and other offering material relating to such offering. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement will contain the material terms and conditions for each security. You should carefully read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement before you invest in any of our securities.

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which is referred to as the Companies Act below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is US$1,000,000 divided into 22,500,000 ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.04 each and 2,500,000 preferred shares of a par value of US$0.04 each. As of the same date, there are 14,307,830 ordinary shares (excluding 1,307,229 treasury shares and 24,818 ordinary shares and ordinary shares represented by ADSs reserved for settlement upon exercise of our incentive share awards) issued and outstanding.

Ordinary Shares

The following is a summary of material provisions of our currently effective second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (the “Memorandum and Articles of Association”) and the Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. As it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read the entire Memorandum and Articles of Association, which has been incorporate by reference as an exhibit to this registration statement. For information on how to obtain copies of our current memorandum and articles of association, see “Where You Can Find More Information about Us.”

Type and Class of Securities

The par value of our ordinary shares is US$0.04 per share. Ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares.

Preemptive Rights

Our shareholders do not have preemptive rights.

Limitations or Qualifications

Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent there are available authorized but unissued shares.

Our Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of convertible redeemable preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of convertible redeemable preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:

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designation of the series;

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the number of shares of the series;

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the dividend rights, conversion rights and voting rights; and

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the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.

The issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.

Dividends

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, our company may declare

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and pay a dividend only out of funds legally available therefor, namely out of either profit or our share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may we pay a dividend if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.

Voting Rights

Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote on all matters upon which the ordinary shares are entitled to vote. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by one or more shareholders holding together at least ten percent of the shares given a right to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy.

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting. A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect certain changes by ordinary resolution, including increasing the amount of our authorized share capital, consolidating or dividing all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares, and canceling any shares that are authorized but unissued. Both an ordinary resolution and a special resolution may also be passed by a unanimous written resolution signed by all the shareholders of our company, as permitted by the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the restrictions of our articles of association, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her shares by an instrument of transfer in writing and executed by or on behalf of the transferor, accompanied by the certificates of such shares and such other evidence as the directors may reasonably require to show the right of the shareholder to make the transfer.

Liquidation

On a winding up of our company, the liquidator may, with the sanction of an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, divide amongst the shareholders in species or in kind the whole or any part of the assets of our company, and may for that purpose value any assets and determine how the division shall be carried out as between our shareholders or different classes of shareholders.

Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 calendar days prior to the specified time and place of payment. Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares

We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our board of directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by ordinary resolution of our shareholders, or are otherwise authorized by our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if the company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (1) unless it is fully paid up, (2) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares issued and outstanding, or (3) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.

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General Meetings of Shareholders

As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. The Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that we may hold an annual general meeting but shall not (unless required by the Companies Act) be obliged to hold an annual general meeting.

Shareholders’ meetings may be held annually and may be convened by our board of directors on its own initiative or upon a request to the directors by shareholders holding in aggregate at least one-third of our voting share capital. Advance notice of at least 14 days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other shareholders meetings, provided that a general meeting of our company shall be deemed to have been duly convened if it is so agreed:

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in the case of an annual general meeting by all the Members (or their proxies) entitled to attend and vote thereat; and

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in the case of an extraordinary general meeting by a majority in number of the Members (or their proxies) having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than seventy five (75%) per cent in par value of the shares giving that right.

A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of shareholders holding not less than an aggregate of one-third of all voting share capital of our company in issue present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote.

Inspection of Books and Records

Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records, other than the Memorandum and Articles of Association and any special resolutions passed by our company, and the registers of mortgages and charges of our company. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.

Variations of Rights of Shares

If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may be varied either with the written consent of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights will not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.

Limitations on the Rights to Own Ordinary Shares

There are no limitations under the laws of the Cayman Islands or under the Memorandum and Articles of Association that limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote ordinary shares.

Anti-takeover Provisions

Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

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authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and

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limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.

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However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Memorandum and Articles of Association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

Ownership Threshold

There are no provisions under Cayman Islands law applicable to our company, or under the Memorandum and Articles of Association, that require our company to disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.

Changes in Capital

Our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolution:

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increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe;

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consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;

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sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount, provided that in the subdivision the proportion between the amount paid and the amount, if any, unpaid on each reduced share shall be the same as it was in case of the share from which the reduced share is derived; or

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cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.

Our shareholders may, by special resolution and subject to confirmation by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on an application by our company for an order confirming such reduction, reduce our share capital and any capital redemption reserve in any manner authorized by law.

Exempted Company

We are an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Companies Act in the Cayman Islands distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:

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an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

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an exempted company’s register of members is not open to inspection;

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an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

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an exempted company may issue no par value shares;

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an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are given for a period of up to 30 years);

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an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

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an exempted company may register as a limited duration company; and

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an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company.

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on that shareholder’s shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil). Upon the closing of the

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separation and distribution, we will be subject to reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. We currently intend to comply with the Nasdaq rules in lieu of following home country practice after the completion of the separation and distribution. The Nasdaq rules require that every company listed on the Nasdaq hold an annual general meeting of shareholders. In addition, the Memorandum and Articles of Association allow directors to call special meeting of shareholders pursuant to the procedures set forth in our articles.

Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Act is modeled after the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent statutory enactments in England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.

				Cayman Islands			Delaware
	Mergers and Similar Arrangements			The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (1) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (2) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (i) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (ii) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a declaration as to the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court			Under Delaware law, with certain exceptions, a merger, a consolidation, or a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the assets of a corporation must be approved by the board of directors and a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon. However, unless required by its certificate of incorporation, approval is not required by the holders of the outstanding stock of a constituent corporation surviving a merger if: • the merger agreement does not amend in any respect its certificate of incorporation; • each share of its stock outstanding prior to the merger will be an identical share of stock following the merger; and • either no shares of the surviving corporation’s common stock and no shares, securities or obligations convertible into such stock will be issued or delivered pursuant to the merger, or the authorized unissued shares or treasury shares of the surviving corporation’s common stock to be issued or delivered pursuant to the merger plus those initially issuable upon conversion of any other shares, securities or obligations to be issued or delivered pursuant to the merger do not exceed 20% of the shares of the surviving corporation’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the merger.

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				Cayman Islands			Delaware
				approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures. A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary. The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands. Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provide the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful. Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders

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				Cayman Islands			Delaware
				and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that: • the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; • the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; • the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and • the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless

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	Cayman Islands	Delaware
	there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion. If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits	In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) which permit a minority shareholder to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of our company to challenge actions where: • a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders; • the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and • those who control our company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”	Class actions and derivative actions generally are available to stockholders under Delaware law for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and actions not taken in accordance with applicable law. In such actions, the court generally has discretion to permit a winning plaintiff to recover attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with such action.
Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Agents and Others and Limitation of Liability	Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a	A corporation has the power to indemnify any director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation who was, is or is threatened to be made a party to an action, suit or proceeding who acted in good faith and in a manner they believed to be in the best interests of the corporation, and if with respect to a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct would be unlawful, against

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	Cayman Islands	Delaware
	crime. The Memorandum and Articles of Association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud of such directors or officers. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association then in effect. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.	amounts actually and reasonably incurred. Additionally, under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a Delaware corporation must indemnify its present or former directors and officers against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred to the extent that the officer or director has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding brought against him or her by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the corporation.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties	Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty to act honestly, and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also owe to our company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to our company, our directors must ensure compliance with the Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the rights vested thereunder in the holders	Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. A director must not use his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally.

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	Cayman Islands	Delaware
	of the shares. Our directors owe their fiduciary duties to our company and not to our company’s individual shareholders, and it is our company which has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached.	In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent	Cayman Islands law and the Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation.
Shareholder Proposals	The Companies Act provide shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. The Memorandum and Articles of Association allow our shareholders holding in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, the Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings. As an exempted company in the Cayman Islands, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

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	Cayman Islands	Delaware
Cumulative Voting	There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but the Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide for cumulative voting.	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it.
Removal of Directors	Under the Memorandum and Articles of Association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders	Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders. However, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.	The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Dissolution; Winding Up	Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the

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	Cayman Islands	Delaware
	to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.	board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.
Variation of Rights of Shares	Under the Memorandum and Articles of Association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, all or any of the attached to any such class may (subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class of share) only be varied or abrogated with the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class by the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class.	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.
Amendment of Governing Documents	As permitted by Cayman Islands law, the Memorandum and Articles of Association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.	Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.

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DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorgan”), as depositary, will issue the ADSs which you will be entitled to. Each ADS represents one ordinary share deposited with the custodian, as agent of the depositary, under the deposit agreement among ourselves, the depositary and yourself as an ADR holder. In the future, each ADS will also represent any securities, cash or other property deposited with the depositary but which have not been distributed directly to you. Unless specifically requested by you, all ADSs will be issued on the books of our depositary in book-entry form and periodic statements will be mailed to you which reflect your ownership interest in such ADSs. In our description, references to American depositary receipts or ADRs shall include the statements you will receive which reflect your ownership of ADSs.

The depositary’s office is located at 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, NY 10179.

You may hold ADSs either directly or indirectly through your broker or other financial institution. If you hold ADSs directly, by having an ADS registered in your name on the books of the depositary, you are an ADR holder. This description assumes you hold your ADSs directly. If you hold the ADSs through your broker or financial institution nominee, you must rely on the procedures of such broker or financial institution to assert the rights of an ADR holder described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.

Because the depositary’s nominee will actually be the registered owner of the shares, you must rely on it to exercise the rights of a shareholder on your behalf. The obligations of the depositary and its agents are set out in the deposit agreement. The deposit agreement and the ADSs are governed by New York law.

The following is a summary of the material terms of the deposit agreement. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR which contains the terms of your ADSs. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR which contains the terms of your ADSs. You can read a copy of the deposit agreement which is filed as an exhibit this the registration statement.

Dividends and Other Distributions

How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares underlying the ADSs?

We may make various types of distributions with respect to our shares. The depositary has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities, after converting any cash received into U.S. dollars and, in all cases, making any necessary deductions provided for in the deposit agreement. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of underlying securities that your ADSs represent.

Except as stated below, to the extent the depositary is legally permitted it will deliver such distributions to ADR holders in proportion to their interests in the following manner:

•

Cash. The depositary will distribute any U.S. dollars available to it resulting from a cash dividend or other cash distribution or the net proceeds of sales of any other distribution or portion thereof (to the extent applicable), on an averaged or other practicable basis, subject to (1) appropriate adjustments for taxes withheld, (2) such distribution being impermissible or impracticable with respect to certain registered holders, and (3) deduction of the depositary’s expenses in (i) converting any foreign currency to U.S. dollars to the extent that it determines that such conversion may be made on a reasonable basis, (ii) transferring foreign currency or U.S. dollars to the United States by such means as the depositary may determine to the extent that it determines that such transfer may be made on a reasonable basis, (iii) obtaining any approval or license of any governmental authority required for such conversion or transfer, which is obtainable at a reasonable cost and within a reasonable time and (iv) making any sale by public or private means in any commercially reasonable manner. If exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert a foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the distribution.

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Shares. In the case of a distribution in shares, the depositary will issue additional ADRs to evidence the number of ADSs representing such shares. Only whole ADSs will be issued. Any shares

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which would result in fractional ADSs will be sold and the net proceeds will be distributed in the same manner as cash to the ADR holders entitled thereto.

•

Rights to receive additional shares. In the case of a distribution of rights to subscribe for additional shares or other rights, if we provide satisfactory evidence that the depositary may lawfully distribute such rights, the depositary will distribute warrants or other instruments representing such rights. However, if we do not furnish such evidence, the depositary may: (1) sell such rights if practicable and distribute the net proceeds as cash; or (2) if it is not practicable to sell such rights, do nothing and allow such rights to lapse, in which case ADR holders will receive nothing. We have no obligation to file a registration statement under the Securities Act in order to make any rights available to ADR holders.

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Other distributions. In the case of a distribution of securities or property other than those described above, the depositary may either (1) distribute such securities or property in any manner it deems equitable and practicable or (2) to the extent the depositary deems distribution of such securities or property not to be equitable and practicable, sell such securities or property and distribute any net proceeds in the same way it distributes cash.

If the depositary determines that any distribution described above is not practicable with respect to any specific ADR holder, the depositary may choose any practicable method of distribution for such ADR holder, including the distribution of foreign currency, securities or property, or it may retain such items, without paying interest on or investing them, on behalf of the ADR holder as deposited securities, in which case the ADSs will also represent the retained items.

Any U.S. dollars will be distributed by checks drawn on a bank in the United States for whole dollars and cents. Fractional cents will be withheld without liability for interest thereon and dealt with by the depositary in accordance with its then current practices.

The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADR holders.

There can be no assurance that the depositary will be able to convert any currency at a specified exchange rate or sell any property, rights, shares or other securities at a specified price, nor that any of such transactions can be completed within a specified time period.

Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How does the depositary issue ADSs?

The depositary will issue ADSs if you or your broker deposit shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian and pay the fees and expenses owing to the depository in connection with such issuance. In the case of the ADSs to be issued under this prospectus, we will arrange with the underwriters named herein to deposit such shares.

Shares deposited in the future with the custodian must be accompanied by certain delivery documentation, including instruments showing that such shares have been properly transferred or endorsed to the person on whose behalf the deposit is being made.

The custodian will hold all deposited shares (including those being deposited by or on our behalf in connection with the offering to which this prospectus relates) for the account of the depositary. ADR holders thus have no direct ownership interest in the shares and only have such rights as are contained in the deposit agreement. The custodian will also hold any additional securities, property and cash received on or in substitution for the deposited shares. The deposited shares and any such additional items are referred to as “deposited securities.”

Upon each deposit of shares, receipt of related delivery documentation and compliance with the other provisions of the deposit agreement, including the payment of the fees and charges of the depositary and any taxes or other fees or charges owing, the depositary will issue an ADR or ADRs in the name or upon the order of the person entitled thereto evidencing the number of ADSs to which such person is entitled. All of the ADSs issued will, unless specifically requested to the contrary, be part of the depositary’s direct

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registration system, and a registered holder will receive periodic statements from the depositary which will show the number of ADSs registered in such holder’s name. An ADR holder can request that the ADSs not be held through the depositary’s direct registration system and that a certificated ADR be issued.

How do ADR holders cancel an ADS and obtain deposited securities?

When you turn in your ADSs at the depositary’s office, or when you provide proper instructions and documentation in the case of direct registration ADSs, the depositary will, upon payment of certain applicable fees, charges and taxes, deliver the underlying shares at the custodian’s office or effect delivery by such other means as the depositary deems practicable, including transfer to an account of an accredited financial institution on your behalf. At your risk, expense and request, the depositary may deliver deposited securities at such other place as you may request.

The depositary may only restrict the withdrawal of deposited securities in connection with:

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temporary delays caused by closing our transfer books or those of the depositary or the deposit of shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends;

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the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges; or

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compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the ADRs or to the withdrawal of deposited securities.

This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.

Record Dates

The depositary may fix record dates for the determination of the ADR holders who will be entitled (or obligated, as the case may be):

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to receive a dividend, distribution or rights;

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to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at a meeting of holders of ordinary shares or other deposited securities;

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for the determination of the registered holders who shall be responsible for the fee assessed by the depositary for administration of the ADR program and for any expenses as provided for in the ADR; or

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receive any notice or to act in respect of other matters all subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement.

Voting Rights

How do you vote?

If you are an ADR holder and the depositary asks you to provide it with voting instructions, you may instruct the depositary how to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs. After receiving voting materials from us, the depositary will notify the ADR holders of any shareholder meeting or solicitation of consents or proxies. This notice will state such information as contained in the voting materials and describe how you may instruct the depositary to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs and will include instructions for giving a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us. For instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them in the manner and on or before the date specified. The depositary will try, as far as is practical, subject to the provisions of and governing the underlying shares or other deposited securities, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as you instruct. The depositary will only vote or attempt to vote as you instruct. The depositary will not itself exercise any voting discretion. Furthermore, neither the depositary nor its agents are responsible for any failure to carry out any voting instructions, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any vote.

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There is no guarantee that you will receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.

Fees and Charges Our ADS Holders May Have to Pay

JPMorgan collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay:			For:
$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs)			Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property; cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates
$0.05 (or less) per ADS			Any cash distribution to registered ADS holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs $0.05 (or less) per ADSs per calendar year (if the depositary has not collected any cash distribution fee during that year)			Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to registered ADS holders Depositary services
Expenses of the depositary			Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement); converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars
Registration or transfer fees			Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes			As necessary
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities			As necessary

Fees and Other Payments Made by the Depositary to Us

The depositary has agreed to reimburse us annually for our expenses incurred in connection with investor relationship programs and any other program related to our ADS facility and the travel expense of our key personnel in connection with such programs. The depositary has also agreed to provide additional payments to us based on the applicable performance indicators relating to our ADS facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors. We recognize the reimbursable amounts in other income on our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the contract term with the depositary. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we received nil from the depositary as reimbursement for our expenses incurred.

Payment of Taxes

ADR holders must pay any tax or other governmental charge payable by the custodian or the depositary on any ADS or ADR, deposited security or distribution. If an ADR holder owes any tax or other

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governmental charge, the depositary may (1) deduct the amount thereof from any cash distributions, or (2) sell deposited securities and deduct the amount owing from the net proceeds of such sale. In either case the ADR holder remains liable for any shortfall. Additionally, if any tax or governmental charge is unpaid, the depositary may also refuse to effect any registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of deposited securities or withdrawal of deposited securities (except under limited circumstances mandated by securities regulations). If any tax or governmental charge is required to be withheld on any non-cash distribution, the depositary may sell the distributed property or securities to pay such taxes and distribute any remaining net proceeds to the ADR holders entitled thereto.

By holding an ADR or an interest therein, you will be agreeing to indemnify us, the depositary, its custodian and any of our or their respective directors, employees, agents and affiliates against, and hold each of them harmless from, any claims by any governmental authority with respect to taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced rate of withholding at source or other tax benefit obtained in respect of, or arising out of, your ADSs.

Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers

If we take certain actions that affect the deposited securities, including (i) any change in par value, split-up, consolidation, cancellation or other reclassification of deposited securities or (ii) any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation, receivership, bankruptcy or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, then the depositary may choose to:

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amend the form of ADR;

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distribute additional or amended ADRs;

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distribute cash, securities or other property it has received in connection with such actions;

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sell any securities or property received and distribute the proceeds as cash; or

•

none of the above.

If the depositary does not choose any of the above options, any of the cash, securities or other property it receives will constitute part of the deposited securities and each ADS will then represent a proportionate interest in such property.

Amendment and Termination

How may the deposit agreement be amended?

We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADSs without your consent for any reason. ADR holders must be given at least 30 days notice of any amendment that imposes or increases any fees or charges (other than stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges, transfer or registration fees, cable, telex or facsimile transmission costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or prejudices any substantial existing right of ADR holders. If an ADR holder continues to hold an ADR or ADRs after being so notified, such ADR holder is deemed to agree to such amendment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any governmental body or regulatory body should adopt new laws, rules or regulations which would require amendment or supplement of the deposit agreement or the form of ADR to ensure compliance therewith, we and the depositary may amend or supplement the deposit agreement and the ADR at any time in accordance with such changed laws, rules or regulations, which amendment or supplement may take effect before a notice is given or you otherwise receive notice. No amendment, however, will impair your right to surrender your ADSs and receive the underlying securities.

How may the deposit agreement be terminated?

The depositary may terminate the deposit agreement by giving the ADR holders at least 30 days prior notice, and it must do so at our request. The deposit agreement will be terminated upon the removal of the depositary for any reason. After termination, the depositary’s only responsibility will be (i) to deliver deposited securities to ADR holders who surrender their ADRs, and (ii) to hold or sell distributions received on deposited securities. As soon as practicable after the expiration of six months from the termination date, the

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depositary will sell the deposited securities which remain and hold the net proceeds of such sales, without liability for interest, in trust for the ADR holders who have not yet surrendered their ADRs. After making such sale, the depositary shall have no obligations except to account for such proceeds and other cash. The depositary will not be required to invest such proceeds or pay interest on them.

Limitations on Obligations and Liability to ADR holders

Limits on our obligations and the obligations of the depositary; limits on liability to ADR holders and beneficial owners of ADSs

Prior to the issue, registration, registration of transfer, split-up, combination, or cancellation of any ADRs, or the delivery of any distribution in respect thereof, the depositary and its custodian may require you to pay, provide or deliver:

•

payment with respect thereto of (1) any stock transfer or other tax or other governmental charge, (2) any stock transfer or registration fees in effect for the registration of transfers of shares or other deposited securities upon any applicable register, and (3) any applicable fees and expenses described in the deposit agreement;

•

the production of proof satisfactory to the depositary and/or its custodian of (1) the identity of any signatory and genuineness of any signature and (2) such other information, including without limitation, information as to citizenship, residence, exchange control approval, beneficial ownership of any securities, payment of applicable taxes or governmental charges, or legal or beneficial ownership and the nature of such interest, information relating to the registration of the shares on the books maintained by or on our behalf for the transfer and registration of shares, compliance with applicable laws, regulations, provisions of or governing deposited securities and terms of the deposit agreement and the ADR, as it may deem necessary or proper; and

•

compliance with such regulations as the depositary may establish consistent with the deposit agreement.

The deposit agreement expressly limits the obligations and liability of the depositary, ourselves and our respective agents. Neither we nor the depositary nor any such agent will be liable if:

•

present or future law, rule or regulation of the United States, the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China or any other country, or of any governmental or regulatory authority or securities exchange or market or automated quotation system, the provisions of or governing any deposited securities, any present or future provision of our charter, any act of God, war, terrorism or other circumstance beyond our, the depositary’s or our respective agents’ control shall prevent, delay or subject to any civil or criminal penalty any act which the deposit agreement or the ADRs provide shall be done or performed by us, the depositary or our respective agents (including, without limitation, voting);

•

it exercises or fails to exercise discretion under the deposit agreement or the ADR;

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it performs its obligations without gross negligence or bad faith;

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it takes any action or refrains from taking any action in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting shares for deposit, any registered holder of ADRs, or any other person believed by it to be competent to give such advice or information; or

•

it relies upon any written notice, request, direction or other document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.

Neither the depositary nor its agents have any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities or the ADRs. We and our agents shall only be obligated to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities or the ADRs, which in our opinion may involve us in expense or liability, if indemnity satisfactory to us against all expense (including fees and disbursements of counsel) and liability is furnished as often as may be required. The depositary and its agents may fully respond to any and all demands or requests for information maintained by or on its behalf in connection with the deposit agreement, any registered

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holder or holders of ADRs, any ADSs or otherwise to the extent such information is requested or required by or pursuant to any lawful authority, including without limitation laws, rules, regulations, administrative or judicial process, banking, securities or other regulators.

The depositary will not be responsible for failing to carry out instructions to vote the deposited securities or for the manner in which the deposited securities are voted or the effect of the vote. In no event shall we, the depositary or any of our respective agents be liable to holders of ADSs or interests therein for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages.

The depositary may own and deal in deposited securities and in ADSs.

Requirements for Depositary Actions

We, the depositary or the custodian may refuse to:

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issue, register or transfer an ADR or ADRs;

•

effect a split-up or combination of ADRs;

•

deliver distributions on any such ADRs; or

•

permit the withdrawal of deposited securities (unless the deposit agreement provides otherwise), until the following conditions have been met:

◦

the holder has paid all taxes, governmental charges, and fees and expenses as required in the deposit agreement;

◦

the holder has provided the depositary with any information it may deem necessary or proper, including, without limitation, proof of identity and the genuineness of any signature; and

◦

the holder has complied with such regulations as the depositary may establish under the deposit agreement.

The depositary may also suspend the issuance of ADSs, the deposit of shares, the registration, transfer, split-up or combination of ADRs, or the withdrawal of deposited securities (unless the deposit agreement

Reports and Other Communications

Will ADR holders be able to view our reports?

The depositary will make available for inspection by ADR holders any written communications from us which are both received by the custodian or its nominee as a holder of deposited securities and made generally available to the holders of deposited securities. We will furnish these communications in English when so required by any rules or regulations of the SEC.

Additionally, if we make any written communications generally available to holders of our shares, including the depositary or the custodian, and we request the depositary to provide them to ADR holders, the depositary will mail copies of them, or, at its option, English translations or summaries of them to ADR holders.

Disclosure of Interest in ADSs

To the extent that the provisions of or governing any deposited securities may require disclosure of or impose limits on beneficial or other ownership of deposited securities, other shares and other securities and may provide for blocking transfer, voting or other rights to enforce such disclosure or limits, you agree to comply with all such disclosure requirements and ownership limitations and to comply with any reasonable instructions we may provide in respect thereof. We reserve the right to request you to deliver your ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal of the deposited securities so as to permit us to deal with you directly as a holder of deposited securities and, by holding an ADS or an interest therein, you will be agreeing to comply with such instructions.

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Books of Depositary

The depositary or its agent will maintain a register for the registration, registration of transfer, combination and split-up of ADRs, which register shall include the depositary’s direct registration system. You may inspect such records at such office during regular business hours, but solely for the purpose of communicating with other holders in the interest of business matters relating to the deposit agreement. Such register may be closed from time to time, when deemed expedient by the depositary.

The depositary will maintain facilities to record and process the issuance, cancellation, combination, split-up and transfer of ADRs. These facilities may be closed from time to time, to the extent not prohibited by law.

Appointment

In the deposit agreement, each holder and each person holding an interest in ADSs, upon acceptance of any ADSs (or any interest therein) issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the deposit agreement will be deemed for all purposes to:

•

be a party to and bound by the terms of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs; and

•

appoint the depositary its attorney-in-fact, with full power to delegate, to act on its behalf and to take any and all actions contemplated in the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs, to adopt any and all procedures necessary to comply with applicable laws and to take such action as the depositary in its sole discretion may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR and ADRs, the taking of such actions to be the conclusive determinant of the necessity and appropriateness thereof.

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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, our board of directors is empowered to authorize by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred shares and to fix their designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, the number of shares constituting each such class or series, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges, voting powers, full or limited or no voting powers, and liquidation preferences, and to increase or decrease the size of any such class or series (but not below the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares then outstanding) to the extent permitted by the Companies Act. The resolution or resolutions of our board of directors providing for the establishment of any class or series of preferred shares may, to the extent permitted by the Companies Act, provide that such class or series shall be superior to, rank equally with or be junior to the preferred shares of any other class or series. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. Although we do not currently intend to issue any preferred shares, we cannot assure you that we will not do so in the future.

As of the date of this prospectus, there are no issued and outstanding preferred shares of any series. The material terms of any series of preferred shares that we offer, together with any material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to such preferred shares, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Holders of our preferred shares are entitled to certain rights and subject to certain conditions as set forth in our Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act. See “Description of Share Capital.”

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue series of debt securities, which may include debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into ordinary shares or preferred shares. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of that series in a supplement to this prospectus. The following description of debt securities will apply to the debt securities offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of debt securities may specify different or additional terms.

The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be secured or unsecured, and may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be issued under an indenture between us and the trustee under the indenture. The indenture may be qualified under, subject to, and governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. We have summarized selected portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form F-3, of which this prospectus is a part, and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you.

The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and detailed or determined in the manner provided in a board of directors’ resolution, an officers’ certificate and by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to the series, including any pricing supplement.

We may issue any amount of debt securities under the indenture, which may be in one or more series with the same or different maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement, including any related pricing supplement, relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the offering price, the aggregate principal amount offered and the terms of the debt securities, including, among other things, the following:

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the title of the debt securities;

•

the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;

•

any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;

•

the date or dates on which we will repay the principal on the debt securities and the right, if any, to extend the maturity of the debt securities;

•

the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will be payable and any regular record date for any interest payment date;

•

the place or places where the principal of, premium, and interest on the debt securities will be payable, and where the debt securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange;

•

any obligation or right we have to redeem the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of holders of the debt securities or at our option, and the terms and conditions upon which we are obligated to or may redeem the debt securities;

•

any obligation we have to repurchase the debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities, the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase the debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;

•

the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued;

•

whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;

•

the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;

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•

the currency of denomination of the debt securities;

•

the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;

•

if payments of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;

•

the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;

•

any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;

•

any addition to or change in the events of default described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;

•

any addition to or change in the covenants described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;

•

whether the debt securities will be senior or subordinated and any applicable subordination provisions;

•

a discussion of material income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;

•

any other terms of the debt securities, which may modify any provisions of the indenture as it applies to that series; and

•

any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities.

We may issue debt securities that are exchangeable for and/or convertible into ordinary shares or preferred shares. The terms, if any, on which the debt securities may be exchanged and/or converted will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms may include provisions for exchange or conversion, which can be mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, and the manner in which the number of ordinary shares, preferred shares or other securities to be received by the holders of debt securities would be calculated.

We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S. federal income tax considerations, and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may issue debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue and offer warrants under the material terms and conditions described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. The accompanying prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the warrants as described in this prospectus.

General

We may issue warrants to purchase our ordinary shares, preferred shares or debt securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any securities and may be attached to or separate from those securities. The warrants will be issued under warrant agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all of which will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants we are offering. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not have any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.

Equity Warrants

Each equity warrant issued by us will entitle its holder to purchase the equity securities designated at an exercise price set forth in, or to be determinable as set forth in, the related prospectus supplement. Equity warrants may be issued separately or together with equity securities.

The equity warrants are to be issued under equity warrant agreements to be entered into between us and one or more banks or trust companies, as equity warrant agent, as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus.

The particular terms of the equity warrants, the equity warrant agreements relating to the equity warrants and the equity warrant certificates representing the equity warrants will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:

•

the title of the equity warrants;

•

the offering price;

•

the aggregate amount of equity warrants and the aggregate amount of equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the equity warrants;

•

the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;

•

if applicable, the designation and terms of the equity securities with which the equity warrants are issued, and the amount of equity warrants issued with each equity security;

•

the date, if any, on and after which the equity warrants and the related equity security will be separately transferable;

•

if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the equity warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

•

the date on which the right to exercise the equity warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

•

if applicable, a discussion of United States federal income tax, accounting or other considerations applicable to the equity warrants;

•

anti-dilution provisions of the equity warrants, if any;

•

redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the equity warrants; and

•

any additional terms of the equity warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the equity warrants.

Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled, solely by virtue of being holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice as shareholders with respect to any meeting of shareholders for the election

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of directors or any other matters, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as a holder of the equity securities purchasable upon exercise of the equity warrants.

Debt Warrants

Each debt warrant issued by us will entitle its holder to purchase the debt securities designated at an exercise price set forth in, or to be determinable as set forth in, the related prospectus supplement. Debt warrants may be issued separately or together with debt securities.

The debt warrants are to be issued under debt warrant agreements to be entered into between us, and one or more banks or trust companies, as debt warrant agent, as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus.

The particular terms of each issue of debt warrants, the debt warrant agreement relating to the debt warrants and the debt warrant certificates representing debt warrants will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:

•

the title of the debt warrants;

•

the offering price;

•

the title, aggregate principal amount and terms of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants;

•

the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;

•

the title and terms of any related debt securities with which the debt warrants are issued and the amount of the debt warrants issued with each debt security;

•

the date, if any, on and after which the debt warrants and the related debt securities will be separately transferable;

•

the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of each debt warrant and the price at which that principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon exercise of each debt warrant;

•

if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

•

the date on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

•

if applicable, a discussion of United States federal income tax, accounting or other considerations applicable to the debt warrants;

•

whether the debt warrants represented by the debt warrant certificates will be issued in registered or bearer form, and, if registered, where they may be transferred and registered;

•

anti-dilution provisions of the debt warrants, if any;

•

redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the debt warrants; and

•

any additional terms of the debt warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the debt warrants.

Debt warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations and, if in registered form, may be presented for registration of transfer, and debt warrants may be exercised at the corporate trust office of the debt warrant agent or any other office indicated in the related prospectus supplement. Before the exercise of debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not be entitled to payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants, or to enforce any of the covenants in the indentures governing such debt securities.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units composed of any combination of our ordinary shares, ADSs, preferred shares, debt securities or warrants. We will issue each unit so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. As a result, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

The following description is a summary of selected provisions relating to units that we may offer. The summary is not complete. When units are offered in the future, a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or a free writing prospectus, as applicable, will explain the particular terms of those securities and the extent to which these general provisions may apply. The specific terms of the units as described in a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus will supplement and, if applicable, may modify or replace the general terms described in this section.

This summary and any description of units in the supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement, collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements, if applicable. We will file each of these documents, as applicable, with the SEC and incorporate them by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part on or before we issue a series of units. See “Where You Can Find More Information about Us” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” above for information on how to obtain a copy of a document when it is filed.

The applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus may describe:

•

the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

•

any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer, or exchange of the units or of the securities composing the units;

•

whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form; and

•

any other terms of the units.

The applicable provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Share Capital,” “Description of American Depositary Shares,” “Description of Preferred Shares,” “Description of Debt Securities” and “Description of Warrants” above, will apply to each unit and to each security included in each unit, respectively.

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SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

The selling shareholders identified herein may from time to time offer and sell up to an aggregate of 4,572,788 ordinary shares held by them pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. The selling shareholders received such shares in transactions that did not require registration under the Securities Act. See “Prospectus Summary — Recent Share Issuances.”

The table below provides information about the ownership of the selling shareholders of our ordinary shares and the maximum number of our ordinary shares that may be offered from time to time by the selling shareholder under this prospectus. The selling shareholders may sell less than all of the securities listed in the table below.

The information in the following table and the related notes is based on information filed with the SEC or supplied to us by the selling shareholders. We have not sought to verify such information. Any changed or new information given to us by the selling shareholders will be set forth in supplements to this prospectus or amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, if and when necessary. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the percentage information is based on 14,307,830 ordinary issued and outstanding shares as of the date of this prospectus (excluding 1,307,229 treasury shares and 24,818 ordinary shares and ordinary shares represented by ADSs reserved for settlement upon exercise of our incentive share awards).

	Ordinary shares beneficially owned before the offering(1)				Maximum ordinary shares which may be offered in this offering		Ordinary shares beneficially owned after the offering(1)(2)
	Number of ordinary shares		%		Number		Number of ordinary shares		%
Selling Shareholders:
SONG Wendian		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
QIN Feng		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
TANG Liming		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
WANG Bo		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
ZHAO Xiang		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
TAO Yining		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
ZHANG Jinying		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
WU Shaowei		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
XIAO Jieqing		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
HUANG Xinyong		307,693		2.2%		307,693		—		—
MA Tao		295,858		2.1%		295,858		—		—
LIN Qiaoli		600,000		4.2%		600,000		—		—
CAI Tianyu		600,000		4.2%		600,000		—		—

(1)

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to our ordinary shares. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.

(2)

The selling shareholders might not sell any or all of the shares offered by this prospectus and as a result, we cannot estimate the number of shares that will be held by the selling shareholders after completion of the offering. However, for purposes of this table, we have assumed that, after completion of the offering, none of the shares covered by this prospectus will be held by the selling shareholders.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We or the selling shareholders may sell or distribute the securities offered by this prospectus, from time to time, in one or more offerings, as follows:

•

through agents;

•

to dealers or underwriters for resale;

•

directly to purchasers;

•

in “at-the-market offerings,” within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise; or

•

through a combination of any of these methods of sale.

The prospectus supplement with respect to the securities may state or supplement the terms of the offering of the securities.

In addition, we may issue the securities as a dividend or distribution or in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders. In some cases, we or dealers acting for us or on our behalf may also repurchase securities and reoffer them to the public by one or more of the methods described above. This prospectus may be used in connection with any offering of our securities through any of these methods or other methods described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Our securities distributed by any of these methods may be sold to the public, in one or more transactions, either:

•

at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

•

at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

•

at prices related to prevailing market prices; or

•

at negotiated prices.

The prospectus supplement relating to any offering will identify or describe:

•

any terms of the offering;

•

any underwriter, dealers or agents;

•

any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;

•

the net proceeds to us;

•

the purchase price of the securities;

•

any delayed delivery arrangements;

•

any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

•

the public offering price;

•

any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

•

any exchange on which the securities will be listed.

If we or the selling shareholders use underwriters for a sale of securities, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the securities in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. The underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities of the series offered if they purchase any of the securities of that series. We or the selling shareholders may change from time to time any public offering price and any discounts or concessions the underwriters allow or reallow or pay to dealers. We or the selling shareholders may use underwriters with whom we have a

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material relationship. The prospectus supplement will include the names of the principal underwriters the respective amount of securities underwritten, the nature of the obligation of the underwriters to take the securities and the nature of any material relationship between an underwriter and us or the selling shareholders.

If dealers are used in the sale of securities offered through this prospectus, we or the selling shareholders will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The prospectus supplement will include the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction.

We or the selling shareholders may designate agents who agree to use their reasonable efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment or to sell securities on a continuing basis.

We or the selling shareholders may also sell securities directly to one or more purchasers without using underwriters or agents. Such securities may also be sold through agents designated from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities and will describe any commissions payable to the agent by us or the selling shareholders. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment. We or the selling shareholders may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those securities. The terms of any such sales will be described in the prospectus supplement.

Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us or the selling shareholders and any profit on their resale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. We or the selling shareholders will identify in the applicable prospectus supplement any underwriters, dealers or agents and will describe their compensation. We or the selling shareholders may have agreements with the underwriters, dealers and agents to indemnify them against specified civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with or perform services for us or the selling shareholders in the ordinary course of their businesses.

If the prospectus supplement indicates, we or the selling shareholders may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus, each class or series of securities offered will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our ordinary shares represented by ADSs, which are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.

In connection with an offering, an underwriter may purchase and sell securities in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of securities than they are required to purchase in the offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional securities, if any, from us or the selling shareholders in the offering. If the underwriters have an over-allotment option to purchase additional securities from us or the selling shareholders, the underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option or purchasing securities in the open market. In determining the source of securities to close out the covered short position, the underwriters may consider, among other things, the price of securities available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase securities through the over-allotment option. “Naked” short sales are any sales in excess of such option or

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where the underwriters do not have an over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the securities in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

Accordingly, to cover these short sales positions or to otherwise stabilize or maintain the price of the securities, the underwriters may bid for or purchase securities in the open market and may impose penalty bids. If penalty bids are imposed, selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers participating in the offering are reclaimed if securities previously distributed in the offering are repurchased, whether in connection with stabilization transactions or otherwise. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. The impositions of a penalty bid may also affect the price of the securities to the extent that it discourages resale of the securities. The magnitude or effect of any stabilization or other transactions is uncertain. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

We or the selling shareholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by or borrowed from us or the selling shareholders or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us or the selling shareholders in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or a post-effective amendment.

We or the selling shareholders may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities offered by this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplement, or otherwise.

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of foreign exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides less protection for investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies do not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, most of our directors and executive officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and substantially all of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons, or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts against us or them, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. It may also be difficult for you to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our executive officers and directors.

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc as our agent, upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, and Beijing DOCVIT Law Firm, our counsel as to PRC law, have advised us, respectively, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would, (1) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States and (2) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Cayman Islands

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP has informed us that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (1) to recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States, or (2) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands to impose liabilities against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature.

In addition, Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP has advised us that there is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the Cayman Islands will generally recognize a judgment obtained in a foreign court (other than certain judgments of a superior court of any state of the Commonwealth of Australia) without any re-examination of the merits at common law, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands where the judgment (1) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction, (2) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given, (3) is final and conclusive, (4) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty, (5) is not inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, and (6) is not impeachable on the grounds of fraud and was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands.

China

Beijing DOCVIT Law Firm has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedure Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedure Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION ABOUT US

We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

All information filed with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 or visit the SEC website for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. We also maintain a website at https://ir.airnetgroup.cn, but information on our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. You should not regard any information on our website as a part of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement we have filed with the SEC. This prospectus omits some information contained in the registration statement in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and the securities we are offering. Statements in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement concerning any document we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified by reference to these filings. You should review the complete document to evaluate these statements.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such directors or officer, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.

In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our Memorandum and Articles of Association. A form of the indemnification agreements has been filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-146825) initially filed with the SEC on October 19, 2007.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Any underwriting agreement entered into in connection with an offering of securities will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors in certain cases.

Item 9. Exhibits.

See Exhibit Index beginning on page II-4 of this registration statement.

Item 10. Undertakings.

(A)

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)

To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i)

To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(ii)

To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii)

To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii) and (iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the

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SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2)

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3)

To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4)

To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Exchange Act need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Exchange Act or Item 8.A of Form 20-F if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in this Form F-3.

(5)

That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

(i)

Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(ii)

Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(6)

That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to

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such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i)

Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii)

Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii)

The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv)

Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(B)

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(C)

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(D)

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Act, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Beijing, China, on May 10, 2024.

AirNet Technology Inc.

By:

/s/ Herman Man Guo

Name: Herman Man Guo

Title:

Chairman of the Board and Interim Chief Financial Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below does hereby constitute and appoint Mr. Man Guo as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, each with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and sign any registration statement for the same offerings covered by this registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all post-effective amendments thereto and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons on May 10, 2024 in the capacities indicated.

	Signature			Title
	/s/ Herman Man Guo Herman Man Guo			Chairman of the Board and Interim Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)
	/s/ Dan Shao Dan Shao			Co-Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
	/s/ Fuying Yan Fuying Yan			Director and Co-Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
	/s/ Songzuo Xiang Songzuo Xiang			Independent Director
	/s/ Shirong Tong Shirong Tong			Independent Director
	/s/ Tong Lin Tong Lin			Independent Director

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	Exhibit Number			Description of Document
	1.1*			Form of Underwriting Agreement
	4.1			Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares
	4.2			Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, the depositary and holder of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(a)(2) to Post-effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-146908), filed with the SEC on November 21, 2022)
	4.3			Form of American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 4.2)
	4.4*			Specimen Preferred Share Certificate and Form of Certificate of Designations of Preferred Shares
	4.5			Form of Indenture
	4.6*			Form of Debt Security
	4.7*			Form of Warrant
	4.8*			Form of Warrant Agreement
	4.9			Form of Share Subscription Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.66 to the annual report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on April 26, 2024)
	4.10			Form of Advisory Agreement
	5.1			Opinion of Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP regarding the validity of the securities
	5.2			Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati regarding the validity of the securities
	23.1			Consent of Audit Alliance LLP
	23.2			Consent of Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
	23.3			Consent of Beijing DOCVIT Law Firm
	23.4			Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati (included in Exhibit 5.2)
	24.1			Powers of Attorney (included as part of signature page of Part II of this registration statement)
	25.1**			Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility and Qualification under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the Trustee under the Indenture
	107			Exhibit Filing Fees