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Benefit Plans (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Estimated net loss to be amortized $ 171    
Estimated prior service cost to be amortized 2    
Amounts charged to expense for defined contribution plans 58 $ 56 $ 52
Estimated contribution to pension plans 53    
Net postemployment costs $ 144 $ 166 187
Postemployment weighted-average discount rate 3.00% 2.80%  
Postemployment annual weighted-average turnover rate 2.60% 2.80%  
Postemployment percentage increase in assumed compensation cost 2.30% 2.60%  
Assets related to postemployment cost $ 33 $ 25  
Equity Securities [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Target plan asset allocations 60.00%    
Debt Securities [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Target plan asset allocations 40.00%    
Pension [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 8,496 7,931  
Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, projected obligation 7,287 6,934  
Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, accumulated benefit obligation 6,953 6,622  
Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, fair value of plan assets 5,835 5,009  
Accrued postemployment costs [1] 9,028 8,387 $ 8,086
Postemployment [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Estimated net loss to be amortized (60)    
Accrued postemployment costs $ 671 $ 727  
Pension Plan Portfolio [Member] | Benefit Obligation [Member] | Switzerland [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 57.00% 57.00%  
Pension Plan Portfolio [Member] | Benefit Obligation [Member] | United States [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 5.00% 5.00%  
Pension Plan Portfolio [Member] | Fair Value Of Plan Assets [Member] | Switzerland [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 57.00% 57.00%  
Pension Plan Portfolio [Member] | Fair Value Of Plan Assets [Member] | United States [Member]      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 4.00% 5.00%  
[1] Primarily non-U.S. based defined benefit retirement plans.