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Long-Term Debt
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Long-Term Debt
Long-Term Debt

Senior Notes

In June 2011, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Maiden Holdings North America, Ltd. ("Maiden NA"), issued $107,500 principal amount of 8.25% Senior Notes ("2011 Senior Notes") due on June 15, 2041, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The 2011 Senior Notes are redeemable for cash, in whole or in part, on or after June 15, 2016, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest up to but excluding the redemption date. The 2011 Senior Notes are an unsecured and unsubordinated obligation of the Company and rank ahead of the Junior Subordinated Debt, described below. The effective interest rate of the 2011 Senior Notes, based on the net proceeds received, was 8.47%. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2011 Senior Notes were $104,689, after placement agent fees and expense or debt issuance cost of $2,811.

7. Long-Term Debt (continued)

The issuance costs related to the 2011 Senior Notes were capitalized and is being amortized over the life of the notes. Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was $23 and $46, respectively (June 30, 2012 - $23 and $46, respectively).

The interest on the 2011 Senior Notes is payable each quarter beginning on September 15, 2011. Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was $2,217 and $4,434, respectively (June 30, 2012 - $2,217 and $4,434, respectively), out of which $394 was accrued as of June 30, 2013 (December 31, 2012 - $394).

In March 2012, the Company, through Maiden NA, issued $100,000 principal amount of 8.00% Senior Notes ("2012 Senior Notes") due on March 27, 2042, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The 2012 Senior Notes are redeemable for cash, in whole or in part, on or after March 27, 2017, at 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest up to but excluding the redemption date. The 2012 Senior Notes are an unsecured and unsubordinated obligation of the Company and rank ahead of the Junior Subordinated Debt, described below. The effective interest rate of the 2012 Senior Notes, based on the net proceeds received, was 8.28%. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2012 Senior Notes were $96,594, after placement agent fees and other expenses of $3,406. The issuance costs related to the 2012 Senior Notes were capitalized and are being amortized over the life of the notes. Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was $28 and $56, respectively (June 30, 2012 - $28 and $29, respectively).

The interest on the 2012 Senior Notes is payable each quarter beginning on June 27, 2012. Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was $2,000 and $4,000, respectively (June 30, 2012 - $2,000 and $2,111, respectively), out of which $111 was accrued as of June 30, 2013 (December 31, 2012 - $111).

Junior Subordinated Debt

On January 20, 2009, the Company completed a private placement of 260,000 units (the "Units"), each Unit consisting of $1,000 principal amount of capital securities (the "Trust Preferred Securities") of Maiden Capital Financing Trust (the "Trust"), a special purpose trust established by Maiden NA, and 45 common shares, $0.01 par value, of the Company for a purchase price of $1,000.45 per Unit (the "TRUPS Offering"). In the aggregate, 11,700,000 common shares were issued to the purchasers in the TRUPS Offering. This resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of $260,117, before $4,342 of placement agent fees and expenses.

Certain trusts established by Michael Karfunkel and George Karfunkel, two of the Company's Founding Shareholders, purchased an aggregate of 159,000 of the Units, or 61.12%. The remaining 101,000 Units were purchased by existing institutional shareholders of the Company.

The Trust used the proceeds from the sale of the Trust Preferred Securities to purchase a subordinated debenture (the “Junior Subordinated Debt”) in the principal amount of $260,000 issued by Maiden NA.

Under the terms of the Trust Preferred Securities, the Company can repay the principal balance in full or in part at any time. However, if the Company repays such principal within five years of the date of issuance, it is required to pay an additional amount equal to one full year of interest on the amount of Trust Preferred Securities repaid. If the remaining amount of the Trust Preferred Securities were repaid within five years of the date of issuance (adjusted for the $107,500 repurchase of Junior Subordinated Debt, which occurred on July 15, 2011), the additional amount due would be $21,350, which would be a reduction in earnings.

Pursuant to separate Guarantee Agreements dated as of January 20, 2009 with Wilmington Trust Company, as guarantee trustee, each of the Company and Maiden NA has agreed to guarantee the payment of distributions and payments on liquidation, repurchase or redemption of the Trust Preferred Securities.

As a consequence of the issuance of a majority of the Units to a related party under ASC Topic 810 "Consolidation", the Trust is a variable interest entity; however, the Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the Trust, therefore it is not consolidated. The issuance of common shares associated with the Trust Preferred Securities resulted in an original issuance discount of $44,928 based on market price of $3.85 on January 20, 2009. The discount is amortized over 30 years based on the effective interest method. The Junior Subordinated Debt and Trust Preferred Securities mature in 2039 and carry a stated or coupon rate of 14%, with an effective interest rate of 16.95%.

Using the proceeds from the 2011 Senior Notes offering and existing cash, the Company repurchased $107,500 of the Junior Subordinated Debt on July 15, 2011. Pursuant to the terms of the TRUPS Offering, the Company incurred and paid a repurchase expense in 2011 equivalent to one year's interest expense, or $15,050. The Company also accelerated the amortization of the issuance cost and discount related to those repurchased Junior Subordinated Debt in 2011 which amounted to $20,313.

As of June 30, 2013, the stated value of the Junior Subordinated Debt was $126,348 which comprises the principal amount of $152,500 less the unamortized discount of $26,152. Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 were $16 and $31, respectively (June 30, 2012 - $13 and $26, respectively). Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 were $5,338 and $10,675, respectively (June 30, 2012 - $5,338 and $10,675, respectively), out of which $4,448 was accrued as of June 30, 2013 (December 31, 2012 - $4,448).