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Valuation (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]
The tables below reflect the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
March 31, 2022:
DescriptionLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
(In thousands)
Assets:
Securities, at fair value:
Agency RMBS$— $1,493,870 $8,621 $1,502,491 
Non-Agency RMBS— 93,236 116,776 210,012 
CMBS— 21,585 9,526 31,111 
CLOs— 24,087 22,824 46,911 
Asset-backed securities, backed by consumer loans— — 76,504 76,504 
Corporate debt securities— 159 500 659 
Corporate equity securities— — 9,841 9,841 
Loans, at fair value:
Residential mortgage loans— — 2,433,007 2,433,007 
Commercial mortgage loans— — 429,954 429,954 
Consumer loans
— — 9,878 9,878 
Corporate loans
— — 11,788 11,788 
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at fair value— — 219,303 219,303 
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value:
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities— — 304 304 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices— 1,193 — 1,193 
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices— 154 — 154 
Interest rate swaps— 51,249 — 51,249 
TBAs— 5,082 — 5,082 
Options— 248 — 248 
Warrants— 1,058 — 1,058 
Futures5,794 — — 5,794 
Total assets
$5,794 $1,691,921 $3,348,826 $5,046,541 
Liabilities:
Securities sold short, at fair value:
Government debt
$— $(79,679)$— $(79,679)
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value:
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices— (38)— (38)
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds— (84)— (84)
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices— (3,321)— (3,321)
Interest rate swaps— (11,945)— (11,945)
TBAs— (937)— (937)
Futures(131)— — (131)
Forwards— (72)— (72)
Other secured borrowings, at fair value
— — (1,216,542)(1,216,542)
Senior notes, at fair value— — (210,000)(210,000)
Total liabilities
$(131)$(96,076)$(1,426,542)$(1,522,749)
December 31, 2021:
DescriptionLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
(In thousands)
Assets:
Securities, at fair value:
Agency RMBS$— $1,686,906 $9,710 $1,696,616 
Non-Agency RMBS— 81,666 134,888 216,554 
CMBS— 12,509 13,134 25,643 
CLOs— 35,651 26,678 62,329 
Asset-backed securities, backed by consumer loans— — 73,108 73,108 
Corporate debt securities— 356 5,198 5,554 
Corporate equity securities— — 7,556 7,556 
Loans, at fair value:
Residential mortgage loans— — 2,016,228 2,016,228 
Commercial mortgage loans— — 326,197 326,197 
Consumer loans
— — 62,365 62,365 
Corporate loans
— — 10,531 10,531 
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at fair value— — 195,643 195,643 
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value:
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities— — 303 303 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices— 1,751 — 1,751 
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices— 156 — 156 
Interest rate swaps— 13,993 — 13,993 
TBAs— 1,229 — 1,229 
Options— 278 — 278 
Warrants— 706 — 706 
Futures478 — — 478 
Total assets
$478 $1,835,201 $2,881,539 $4,717,218 
Liabilities:
Securities sold short, at fair value:
Government debt
$— $(120,525)$— $(120,525)
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value:
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices— (39)— (39)
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds— (99)— (99)
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices— (1,870)— (1,870)
Interest rate swaps— (9,098)— (9,098)
TBAs— (909)— (909)
Futures(75)— — (75)
Forwards— (208)— (208)
Other secured borrowings, at fair value
— — (984,168)(984,168)
Total liabilities
$(75)$(132,748)$(984,168)$(1,116,991)
Schedule of Significant Unobservable Inputs, Qualitative Information
The following tables identify the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
March 31, 2022:
Fair ValueValuation 
Technique
Unobservable InputRangeWeighted
Average
DescriptionMinMax
(In thousands)
Non-Agency RMBS
$80,893 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$0.45 $178.25 $75.78 
35,883 Discounted Cash Flows
116,776 
Yield(1)
— %112.1 %10.0 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments— %73.6 %44.0 %
Projected Collateral Losses— %88.6 %17.6 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries— %61.4 %14.6 %
Non-Agency CMBS8,634 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$6.92 $84.56 $43.77 
892 Discounted Cash Flows
9,526 Yield8.0 %24.5 %11.9 %
Projected Collateral Losses1.6 %26.8 %4.6 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries0.6 %95.9 %93.3 %
CLOs
18,052 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$7.00 $99.60 $62.93 
4,772 Discounted Cash Flows
22,824 
Yield(2)
9.4 %197.8 %36.8 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments— %96.5 %84.9 %
Projected Collateral Losses2.6 %16.7 %6.7 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries0.7 %5.7 %3.8 %
Agency interest only RMBS
4,122 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$0.38 $15.29 $5.41 
4,499 Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS")
8,621 
LIBOR OAS(3)(4)
89 21,381 733 
Projected Collateral Prepayments24.7 %100.0 %61.7 %
ABS backed by consumer loans
76,504 Discounted Cash FlowsYield6.4 %22.6 %15.5 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments0.0 %11.2 %9.3 %
Projected Collateral Losses1.0 %25.8 %19.9 %
Corporate debt and equity
10,341 Discounted Cash FlowsYield0.0 %19.0 %10.2 %
Performing and re-performing residential mortgage loans
35,429 Recent TransactionsTransaction Pricen/an/an/a
1,060,745 Discounted Cash Flows
1,096,174 Yield3.4 %92.2 %5.5 %
Fair ValueValuation 
Technique
Unobservable InputRangeWeighted
Average
DescriptionMinMax
(continued)(In thousands)
Securitized residential mortgage loans(5)(6)
$1,218,736 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$0.47 $99.26 $96.91 
98,831 Discounted Cash Flows
1,317,567 Yield2.6 %13.3 %5.1 %
Non-performing residential mortgage loans
19,266 Discounted Cash FlowsYield3.3 %61.3 %14.8 %
Recovery Amount— %193.4 %33.5 %
Months to Resolution5.8 159.7 26.7 
Performing commercial mortgage loans398,494 Discounted Cash FlowsYield4.8 %8.5 %6.5 %
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans
31,460 Discounted Cash FlowsYield10.8 %15.1 %12.9 %
Recovery Amount100.0 %100.3 %100.0 %
Months to Resolution2.84.83.8
Consumer loans
9,878 Discounted Cash FlowsYield8.0 %28.0 %9.8 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments0.0 %26.6 %15.9 %
Projected Collateral Losses0.8 %38.2 %9.0 %
Corporate loans
7,000 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$100.00 $100.00 $100.00 
4,788 Discounted Cash Flows
11,788 Yield3.0 %21.9 %15.2 %
Investment in unconsolidated entities—Loan origination entities116,234 Enterprise Value
Equity Price-to-Book(7)
 1.3x 1.7x 1.5x
Investment in unconsolidated entities—Other89,033 Enterprise ValueNet Asset Valuen/an/an/a
Investment in unconsolidated entities—Loan origination-related entities14,036 Recent TransactionsTransaction Pricen/an/an/a
219,303 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
304 Net Discounted Cash FlowsProjected Collateral Prepayments30.1 %37.3 %35.7 %
Projected Collateral Losses6.1 %8.4 %6.6 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries10.1 %13.6 %10.2 %
Other secured borrowings, at fair value(5)
(1,216,542)Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$80.17 $99.26 $97.27 
Yield3.6%5.2%4.0%
Projected Collateral Prepayments—%100.0%99.0%
Senior notes, at fair value(210,000)Recent TransactionsTransaction Pricen/an/an/a
(1)For the range minimum, the range maximum, and the weighted average yield, excludes non-Agency RMBS with a negative yield, with a total fair value of $0.2 million. Including these securities the weighted average yield was 10.6%.
(2)For the range minimum, the range maximum, and the weighted average yield, excludes CLOs with a negative yield, with a total fair value of $2.9 million. Including these securities the weighted average yield was 24.0%.
(3)Shown in basis points.
(4)For range minimum, range maximum, and the weighted average of LIBOR OAS, excludes Agency interest only securities with a negative LIBOR OAS, with a total fair value of $1.0 million. Including these securities the weighted average was 1,456 basis points.
(5)Securitized residential mortgage loans and Other secured borrowings, at fair value, represent financial assets and liabilities of the Company's CFEs as discussed in Note 2.
(6)Includes $8.9 million of non-performing securitized residential mortgage loans.
(7)Represents an estimation of where market participants might value an enterprise on a price-to-book basis.
December 31, 2021:
Fair ValueValuation 
Technique
Unobservable InputRangeWeighted
Average
DescriptionMinMax
(In thousands)
Non-Agency RMBS
$89,344 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$0.34 $222.87 $85.17 
45,544 Discounted Cash Flows
134,888 
Yield(1)
— %38.6 %6.8 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments— %74.4 %39.1 %
Projected Collateral Losses— %82.9 %22.5 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries— %91.5 %17.5 %
Non-Agency CMBS12,866 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$7.00 $90.77 $56.98 
268 Discounted Cash Flows
13,134 Yield7.6 %26.3 %10.3 %
Projected Collateral Losses— %6.5 %2.3 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries10.0 %100.0 %95.0 %
CLOs
18,664 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$14.00 $99.75 $54.99 
8,014 Discounted Cash Flows
26,678 
Yield(2)
9.0 %292.1 %32.8 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments13.4 %94.5 %91.3 %
Projected Collateral Losses1.9 %68.9 %4.4 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries1.3 %17.8 %3.4 %
Agency interest only RMBS
3,558 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$0.72 $20.36 $7.31 
6,152 Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS")
9,710 
LIBOR OAS(3)(4)
135 19,247 683 
Projected Collateral Prepayments49.5 %100.0 %78.8 %
ABS backed by consumer loans
73,108 Discounted Cash FlowsYield9.5 %22.8 %15.7 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments0.0 %11.6 %9.0 %
Projected Collateral Losses1.0 %31.1 %20.9 %
Corporate debt and equity
12,754 Discounted Cash FlowsYield8.1 %44.3 %14.7 %
Performing and re-performing residential mortgage loans
933 Recent TransactionsTransaction Pricen/an/an/a
951,723 Discounted Cash Flows
952,656 Yield0.9 %57.5 %4.7 %
Securitized residential mortgage loans(5)(6)
1,003,164 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$88.36 $102.14 $99.83 
38,381 Discounted Cash Flows
1,041,545 Yield1.3 %23.5 %4.2 %
Fair ValueValuation 
Technique
Unobservable InputRangeWeighted
Average
DescriptionMinMax
(Continued)(In thousands)
Non-performing residential mortgage loans
$22,027 Discounted Cash FlowsYield0.8 %35.9 %11.5 %
Recovery Amount0.5 %174.8 %34.8 %
Months to Resolution5.8 100.8 29.5 
Performing commercial mortgage loans310,735 Discounted Cash FlowsYield5.1 %10.6 %7.2 %
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans15,462 Discounted Cash FlowsYield10.6 %10.6 %10.6 %
Recovery Amount100.2 %100.2 %100.2 %
Months to Resolution1.81.81.8
Consumer loans
62,365 Discounted Cash FlowsYield5.2 %75.6 %9.3 %
Projected Collateral Prepayments0.0 %28.4 %14.1 %
Projected Collateral Losses0.9 %86.6 %9.7 %
Corporate loans
7,000 Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$100.00 $100.00 $100.00 
3,531 Discounted Cash Flows
10,531 Yield3.0 %21.9 %16.1 %
Investment in unconsolidated entities—Loan Originators(6)
123,779 Enterprise Value
Equity Price-to-Book(7)
1.2x1.9x1.5x
Investment in unconsolidated entities—Other(6)
57,828 Enterprise ValueNet Asset Valuen/an/an/a
14,036 Recent TransactionsTransaction Pricen/an/an/a
195,643 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
303 Net Discounted Cash FlowsProjected Collateral Prepayments33.9 %41.9 %40.1 %
Projected Collateral Losses6.5 %8.8 %7.0 %
Projected Collateral Recoveries11.2 %11.4 %11.3 %
Other secured borrowings, at fair value(5)
(984,168)Market QuotesNon Binding Third-Party Valuation$93.34 $102.14 $99.94 
Yield1.8%2.5%2.1%
Projected Collateral Prepayments—%97.2%68.1%
(1)For the range minimum, the range maximum, and the weighted average yield, excludes non-Agency RMBS with a negative yield, with a total fair value of $2.1 million. Including these securities the weighted average yield was 6.5%.
(2)For the range minimum, the range maximum, and the weighted average yield, excludes CLOs with a negative yield, with a total fair value of $14 thousand. Including these securities the weighted average yield was 32.7%.
(3)Shown in basis points.
(4)For range minimum, range maximum, and the weighted average of LIBOR OAS, excludes Agency interest only securities with a negative LIBOR OAS, with a total fair value of $2.1 million. Including these securities the weighted average was 485 basis points.
(5)Securitized residential mortgage loans and Other secured borrowings, at fair value, represent financial assets and liabilities of the Company's CFEs as discussed in Note 2.
(6)Includes $8.8 million of non-performing securitized residential mortgage loans.
(7)Represent an estimation of where market participants might value an enterprise on a price-to-book basis.
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
The tables below includes a roll-forward of the Company's financial instruments for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2022
(In thousands)Beginning Balance as of 
December 31, 2021
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
Change in Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
Purchases/Payments(1)
Sales/Issuances(2)
Transfers Into Level 3Transfers Out of Level 3Ending
Balance as of 
March 31, 2022
Assets:
Securities, at fair value:
Agency RMBS$9,710 $(573)$362 $(1,211)$399 $(514)$1,500 $(1,052)$8,621 
Non-Agency RMBS134,888 479 (126)(2,391)3,401 (6,688)5,998 (18,785)116,776 
CMBS13,134 41 1,143 (747)3,101 (2,234)2,926 (7,838)9,526 
CLOs26,678 (716)953 1,610 — (5,781)2,876 (2,796)22,824 
Asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans73,108 (1,113)(274)(2,023)18,792 (11,986)— — 76,504 
Corporate debt securities5,198 — 1,535 (1,508)1,728 (6,453)— — 500 
Corporate equity securities7,556 — 1,625 (829)4,127 (2,638)— — 9,841 
Loans, at fair value:
Residential mortgage loans2,016,228 (4,467)1,511 (70,512)723,095 (232,848)— — 2,433,007 
Commercial mortgage loans326,197 — 10 164 267,642 (164,059)— — 429,954 
Consumer loans62,365 (2,139)(180)(466)10,946 (60,648)— — 9,878 
Corporate loan10,531 — — — 1,650 (393)— — 11,788 
Investments in unconsolidated entities, at fair value195,643 — 878 (6,384)139,208 (110,042)— — 219,303 
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value:
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities303 — (4)— — — 304 
Total assets, at fair value$2,881,539 $(8,488)$7,433 $(84,296)$1,174,093 $(604,284)$13,300 $(30,471)$3,348,826 
Liabilities:
Other secured borrowings, at fair value$(984,168)$— $— $55,641 $114,754 $(402,769)$— $— $(1,216,542)
Senior notes, at fair value— — — — — (210,000)— — (210,000)
Total liabilities, at fair value$(984,168)$— $— $55,641 $114,754 $(612,769)$— $— $(1,426,542)
(1)For Investments in unconsolidated entities, at fair value, amount represents contributions to investments in unconsolidated entities.
(2)For Investments in unconsolidated entities, at fair value, amount represents distributions from investments in unconsolidated entities.
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2022, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three-month period ended March 31, 2022. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2022, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $(4.3) million, $(70.3) million, $(7.8) million, $1 thousand, and $55.6 million, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022 relate to securities, loans, investments in unconsolidated entities, financial derivatives–assets, and other secured borrowings, at fair value, respectively.
At March 31, 2022, the Company transferred $30.5 million of assets from Level 3 to Level 2 and $13.3 million from Level 2 to Level 3. Transfers between these hierarchy levels were based on the availability of sufficient observable inputs to meet Level 2 versus Level 3 criteria. The leveling of each financial instrument is reassessed at the end of each period, and is based on pricing information received from third-party pricing sources.
Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2021
(In thousands)Beginning Balance as of 
December 31, 2020
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
Change in Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
Purchases/Payments(1)
Sales/Issuances(2)
Transfers Into Level 3Transfers Out of Level 3Ending
Balance as of 
March 31, 2021
Assets:
Securities, at fair value:
Agency RMBS$11,663 $(1,121)$(26)$(136)$1,814 $— $5,857 $(649)$17,402 
Non-Agency RMBS127,838 679 (226)(557)20,742 (18,639)1,998 (4,506)127,329 
CMBS63,148 218 2,082 2,525 — (39,705)— (10,974)17,294 
CLOs111,100 734 912 5,334 1,812 (43,210)1,511 (40,608)37,585 
Asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans44,925 (657)33 (485)24,334 (8,677)— — 59,473 
Corporate debt securities4,082 — 180 1,027 (533)— — 4,761 
Corporate equity securities1,590 — (385)604 2,311 — — — 4,120 
Loans, at fair value:
Residential mortgage loans1,187,069 (2,470)194 2,214 222,081 (128,451)— — 1,280,637 
Commercial mortgage loans213,031 436 (263)57,166 (34,431)— — 235,948 
Consumer loans47,525 (1,843)(1,265)327 16,749 (8,788)— — 52,705 
Corporate loan5,855 — — — 7,371 — — — 13,226 
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at fair value141,620 — 128 6,507 12,870 (13,441)— — 147,684 
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value:
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities347 — 26 (27)(30)— — 320 
Total return swaps— 141 (6)— (142)— — 
Total assets, at fair value$1,959,802 $(4,451)$2,230 $16,042 $368,281 $(296,047)$9,366 $(56,737)$1,998,486 
Liabilities:
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value:
Total return swaps$(484)$— $(500)$146 $500 $— $— $— $(338)
Other secured borrowings, at fair value(3)
(754,921)— — 1,180 92,993 (250,508)— — (911,256)
Total liabilities, at fair value$(755,405)$— $(500)$1,326 $93,493 $(250,508)$— $— $(911,594)
(1)For Investments in unconsolidated entities, at fair value, amount represents contributions to investments in unconsolidated entities.
(2)For Investments in unconsolidated entities, at fair value, amount represents distributions from investments in unconsolidated entities.
(3)Conformed to current period presentation.
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2021, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three-month period ended March 31, 2021. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2021, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $3.2 million, $2.0 million, $6.3 million, $(33) thousand, $0.1 million, and $1.2 million, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2021 relate to securities, loans, investments in unconsolidated entities, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and other secured borrowings, at fair value, respectively.
At March 31, 2021, the Company transferred $56.7 million of assets from Level 3 to Level 2 and $9.4 million from Level 2 to Level 3. Transfers between these hierarchy levels were based on the availability of sufficient observable inputs to meet Level 2 versus Level 3 criteria. The leveling of each financial instrument is reassessed at the end of each period, and is based on pricing information received from third-party pricing sources.
Schedule of Financial Instruments
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of all other financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
As of
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(In thousands)Fair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying Value
Other financial instruments
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$363,529 $363,529 $92,661 $92,661 
Restricted cash175 175 175 175 
Due from brokers122,825 122,825 93,549 93,549 
Reverse repurchase agreements131,243 131,243 123,250 123,250 
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements2,717,638 2,717,638 2,469,763 2,469,763 
Other secured borrowings47,941 47,941 96,622 96,622 
Senior notes, net86,017 85,890 86,249 85,802 
Due to brokers36,043 36,043 2,233 2,233 
Cash and cash equivalents generally includes cash held in interest bearing overnight accounts, for which fair value equals the carrying value, and investments which are liquid in nature, such as investments in money market accounts or U.S. Treasury Bills, for which fair value equals the carrying value; such assets are considered Level 1. Restricted cash includes cash held in a segregated account for which fair value equals the carrying value; such assets are considered Level 1. Due from brokers and Due to brokers include collateral transferred to or received from counterparties, along with receivables and payables for open and/or closed derivative positions. These receivables and payables are short term in nature and any collateral transferred consists primarily of cash; fair value of these items is approximated by carrying value and such items are considered Level 1. The Company's reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, and other secured borrowings are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short term nature. Reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, and other secured borrowings are classified as Level 2 based on the adequacy of the collateral and their short term nature. Senior notes, net are considered Level 3 liabilities given the relative unobservability of the most significant inputs to valuation estimation as well as the lack of trading activity of these instruments. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of the estimated fair value of the Company's Senior notes was based on a third-party valuation.