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Investment in Loans
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Investment in Loans Investment in Loans
The Company invests in various types of loans, such as residential mortgage, commercial mortgage, consumer, and corporate loans. As discussed in Note 2, the Company has elected the FVO for its investments in loans. The following table is a summary of the Company's investments in loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 
 
As of
(In thousands)
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Loan Type
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair
Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair
Value
Residential mortgage loans
 
$
937,154

 
$
948,447

 
$
911,705

 
$
932,203

Commercial mortgage loans
 
295,621

 
295,496

 
277,870

 
274,759

Consumer loans
 
163,043

 
166,681

 
179,743

 
186,954

Corporate loans
 
6,687

 
6,227

 
18,415

 
18,510

Total
 
$
1,402,045

 
$
1,416,851

 
$
1,387,733

 
$
1,412,426


The Company is subject to credit risk in connection with its investments in loans. The two primary components of credit risk are default risk, which is the risk that a borrower fails to make scheduled principal and interest payments, and severity risk, which is the risk of loss upon a borrower default on a mortgage loan or other secured or unsecured loan. Severity risk includes the risk of loss of value of the property or other asset, if any, securing the loan, as well as the risk of loss associated with taking over the property or other asset, if any, including foreclosure costs. Credit risk in our loan portfolio can be amplified by exogenous shocks impacting our borrowers such as man-made or natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
The following table provides details, by accrual status, for loans that are 90 days or more past due as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 
 
As of
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(In thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
90 days or more past due—non-accrual status
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage loans
 
$
69,375

 
$
65,618

 
$
22,092

 
$
19,401

Commercial mortgage loans
 
24,123

 
23,888

 
28,936

 
26,545

Consumer loans
 
2,067

 
1,935

 
5,633

 
5,225


Residential Mortgage Loans
The tables below detail certain information regarding the Company's residential mortgage loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
June 30, 2020:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Premium (Discount)
 
 Amortized Cost
 
 Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Coupon
 
Yield
 
Life (Years)(1)
Residential mortgage loans, held-for-investment(2)
 
$
937,154

 
$
9,063

 
$
946,217

 
$
10,597

 
$
(8,367
)
 
$
948,447

 
6.26
%
 
5.33
%
 
2.43
(1)
Average lives of loans are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Average lives are affected by scheduled periodic payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments of principal.
(2)
Includes $806.1 million of non-QM loans that have been securitized and are held in consolidated securitization trusts. Such loans had $9.4 million and $(3.2) million of gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses, respectively; such unrealized gains (losses) are presented on a gross basis on the Company's Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations. See Note 10.
December 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Premium (Discount)
 
 Amortized Cost
 
 Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Coupon
 
Yield
 
Life (Years)(1)
Residential mortgage loans, held-for-investment(2)
 
$
911,705

 
$
9,354

 
$
921,059

 
$
13,082

 
$
(1,938
)
 
$
932,203

 
6.44
%
 
5.79
%
 
1.90
(1)
Average lives of loans are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Average lives are affected by scheduled periodic payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments of principal.
(2)
Includes $628.4 million of non-QM loans that have been securitized and are held in consolidated securitization trusts.
The table below summarizes the geographic distribution of the real estate collateral underlying the Company's residential mortgage loans as a percentage of total outstanding unpaid principal balance as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
Property Location by U.S. State
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
California
 
45.1
%
 
46.6
%
Florida
 
12.7
%
 
11.9
%
Texas
 
10.8
%
 
11.9
%
Colorado
 
3.1
%
 
3.2
%
Massachusetts
 
3.0
%
 
2.9
%
Oregon
 
2.4
%
 
2.2
%
Illinois
 
2.1
%
 
1.7
%
Arizona
 
2.0
%
 
2.4
%
Utah
 
1.9
%
 
1.9
%
Nevada
 
1.8
%
 
1.6
%
Washington
 
1.7
%
 
1.6
%
New Jersey
 
1.4
%
 
1.1
%
New York
 
1.3
%
 
1.3
%
Maryland
 
1.1
%
 
1.1
%
Connecticut
 
1.0
%
 
—
%
North Carolina
 
1.0
%
 
—
%
Other
 
7.6
%
 
8.6
%
 
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%

The following table presents information on the Company's residential mortgage loans by re-performing or non-performing status, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
 
 
As of
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
(In thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
Re-performing
 
$
23,438

 
$
20,920

 
$
27,663

 
$
25,323

Non-performing
 
66,170

 
62,957

 
17,757

 
15,580


As described in Note 2, the Company evaluates the cost basis of its residential mortgage loans for impairment on at least a quarterly basis. At June 30, 2020, the Company had expected future credit losses, which it tracks for purposes of calculating interest income, of $3.2 million related to adverse changes in estimated future cash flows on its residential mortgage loans, primarily due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain of the Company's residential mortgage loans, at the date of acquisition, have experienced or are expected to experience more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination and the Company has established an initial estimate for credit losses on such loans; as of June 30, 2020, the estimated credit losses on such loans was $0.3 million. As of June 30, 2020, the Company determined for certain of its residential mortgage loans that a portion of such loans' cost basis is not collectible; the Company recognized a realized loss of $(0.5) million, which is reflected in Net realized gains (losses) on securities and loans, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, on the cost basis of its residential mortgage loans, which is included in Realized gains (losses) on securities and loans, net, on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had residential mortgage loans that were in the process of foreclosure with a fair value of $12.2 million and $10.9 million, respectively.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
The tables below detail certain information regarding the Company's commercial mortgage loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
June 30, 2020:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Premium (Discount)
 
 Amortized Cost
 
 Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Coupon
 
Yield(1)
 
Life (Years)(2)
Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment
 
$
295,621

 
$
(182
)
 
$
295,439

 
$
808

 
$
(751
)
 
$
295,496

 
8.28
%
 
8.25
%
 
0.94
(1)
Excludes commercial mortgage loans, in non-accrual status, with a fair value of $23.9 million.
(2)
Average lives of loans are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Average lives are affected by scheduled periodic payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments of principal.
December 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Premium (Discount)
 
 Amortized Cost
 
 Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Coupon
 
Yield(1)
 
Life (Years)(2)
Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment
 
$
277,870

 
$
(3,302
)
 
$
274,568

 
$
253

 
$
(62
)
 
$
274,759

 
7.65
%
 
8.58
%
 
1.07
(1)
Excludes commercial mortgage loans, held at par in non-accrual status, with a fair value of $10.7 million.
(2)
Average lives of loans are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Average lives are affected by scheduled periodic payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments of principal.
The table below summarizes the geographic distribution of the real estate collateral underlying the Company's commercial mortgage loans as a percentage of total outstanding unpaid principal balance as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
Property Location by U.S. State
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Florida
 
17.4
%
 
31.7
%
New York
 
15.7
%
 
17.7
%
Pennsylvania
 
9.8
%
 
—
%
Virginia
 
9.4
%
 
6.8
%
Connecticut
 
9.1
%
 
8.2
%
New Jersey
 
6.7
%
 
13.3
%
Utah
 
5.8
%
 
—
%
Missouri
 
5.7
%
 
4.6
%
California
 
4.9
%
 
—
%
Massachusetts
 
4.4
%
 
4.7
%
Arizona
 
3.1
%
 
3.8
%
Indiana
 
2.0
%
 
2.1
%
North Carolina
 
1.7
%
 
1.8
%
Nevada
 
1.4
%
 
1.5
%
Tennessee
 
1.4
%
 
1.5
%
Illinois
 
1.2
%
 
1.2
%
Other
 
0.3
%
 
1.1
%
 
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had three non-performing commercial mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance and fair value of $24.1 million and $23.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had three non-performing commercial mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance and fair value of $28.9 million and $26.5 million, respectively.
As described in Note 2, the Company evaluates the cost basis of its commercial mortgage loans for impairment on at least a quarterly basis. At June 30, 2020, the expected future credit losses, which it tracks for purposes of calculating interest income, of $0.2 million related to adverse changes in estimated future cash flows on its commercial mortgage loans. For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company did not recognize any impairment charge on the cost basis of its commercial mortgage loans.
As of June 30, 2020, the Company had one commercial mortgage loan with a fair value of $10.7 million that was in the process of foreclosure. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had two commercial mortgage loans with a fair value of $16.0 million that were in the process of foreclosure.
Consumer Loans
The tables below detail certain information regarding the Company's consumer loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
June 30, 2020:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Premium (Discount)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value(1)
 
Life (Years)(2)
 
Delinquency (Days)
Consumer loans, held-for-investment
 
$
163,043

 
$
6,811

 
$
169,854

 
$
1,912

 
$
(5,085
)
 
$
166,681

 
0.87
 
4
(1)
Includes $0.6 million of charged-off loans for which the Company has determined that it is probable the servicer will be able to collect principal and interest.
(2)
Average lives of loans are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Average lives are affected by scheduled periodic payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments of principal.
December 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Premium (Discount)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value(1)
 
Life (Years)(2)
 
Delinquency (Days)
Consumer loans, held-for-investment
 
$
179,743

 
$
5,027

 
$
184,770

 
$
2,561

 
$
(377
)
 
$
186,954

 
0.82
 
4
(1)
Includes $0.6 million of charged-off loans for which the Company has determined that it is probable the servicer will be able to collect principal and interest.
(2)
Average lives of loans are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Average lives are affected by scheduled periodic payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments of principal.
The table below provides details on the delinquency status as a percentage of total unpaid principal balance of the Company's consumer loans, which the Company uses as an indicator of credit quality, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
Days Past Due
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Current
 
95.9
%
 
95.3
%
30-59 Days
 
1.6
%
 
2.1
%
60-89 Days
 
1.1
%
 
1.4
%
90-119 Days
 
1.2
%
 
1.2
%
>120 Days
 
0.2
%
 
—
%
 
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%

During the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company charged off $5.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively, of unpaid principal balance of consumer loans that were greater than 120 days delinquent. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company charged off $10.0 million and $9.0 million, respectively, of unpaid principal balance of consumer loans that were greater than 120 days delinquent. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company held charged-off consumer loans with an aggregate fair value of $0.6 million for which the Company has determined that it is probable the servicer will be able to collect principal and interest.
As described in Note 2, the Company evaluates the cost basis of its consumer loans for impairment on at least a quarterly basis. At June 30, 2020, the Company had expected future credit losses, which it tracks for purposes of calculating interest income, of $3.5 million on its consumer loans.
For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $1.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively, on the cost basis of its consumer loan pools, which is included in Realized gains (losses) on securities and loans, net, on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Corporate Loans
The tables below detail certain information regarding the Company's corporate loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
June 30, 2020:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid
Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Rate
 
Remaining Term (Years)
Corporate loans, held-for-investment(1)
 
$
6,687

 
$
6,227

 
19.36
%
 
2.23
(1)
See Note 21 for further details on the Company's unfunded commitments related to certain of its corporate loans.
December 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid
Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Rate
 
Remaining Term (Years)
Corporate loans, held-for-investment(1)(2)
 
$
18,415

 
$
18,510

 
17.62
%
 
0.87
(1)
See Note 13 for further details on the Company's transactions involving a loan originator in which the Company also holds an equity investment.
(2)
See Note 21 for further details on the Company's unfunded commitments related to certain of its corporate loans.