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Valuation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Valuation
Valuation
The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at September 30, 2015:
Description
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
(In thousands)
Cash equivalents
 
$
50,000

 
$

 
$

 
$
50,000

Investments, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$

 
$
1,247,960

 
$
28,355

 
$
1,276,315

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
 

 
153,526

 
150,457

 
303,983

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
 

 

 
42,515

 
42,515

Commercial mortgage loans
 

 

 
54,620

 
54,620

Residential mortgage loans
 

 

 
17,659

 
17,659

Collateralized loan obligations
 

 

 
56,803

 
56,803

Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans
 

 

 
77,701

 
77,701

Corporate debt
 

 

 
28,247

 
28,247

Real estate owned
 

 

 
14,830

 
14,830

Private corporate equity investments
 

 

 
22,006

 
22,006

Total investments, at fair value
 

 
1,401,486

 
493,193

 
1,894,679

Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
 

 

 
8,927

 
8,927

Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices
 

 
34,580

 

 
34,580

Credit default swaps on corporate bonds
 

 
1

 

 
1

Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices
 

 
2,971

 

 
2,971

Interest rate swaps
 

 
24,601

 

 
24,601

Total return swaps
 

 
5

 
176

 
181

Swaptions
 

 
362

 

 
362

Options
 
177

 
898

 

 
1,075

Futures
 
211

 

 

 
211

Forwards
 

 
974

 

 
974

Warrants
 

 

 
100

 
100

Mortgage loan purchase commitments
 

 
11

 

 
11

Total financial derivatives–assets, at fair value
 
388

 
64,403

 
9,203

 
73,994

Repurchase agreements
 

 
109,591

 

 
109,591

Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value and repurchase agreements
 
$
388

 
$
1,575,480

 
$
502,396

 
$
2,078,264

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments sold short, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$

 
$
(882,650
)
 
$

 
$
(882,650
)
Government debt
 

 
(105,105
)
 

 
(105,105
)
Total investments sold short, at fair value
 

 
(987,755
)
 

 
(987,755
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Description
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Liabilities (continued):
 
(In thousands)
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices
 
$

 
$
(32,108
)
 
$

 
$
(32,108
)
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds
 

 
(453
)
 

 
(453
)
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices
 

 
(4,540
)
 

 
(4,540
)
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
 

 

 
(262
)
 
(262
)
Interest rate swaps
 

 
(27,638
)
 

 
(27,638
)
Total return swaps
 

 
(1
)
 
(3,055
)
 
(3,056
)
Options
 
(59
)
 
(1,200
)
 

 
(1,259
)
Swaptions
 

 
(265
)
 

 
(265
)
Futures
 
(1,203
)
 

 

 
(1,203
)
Forwards
 

 
(141
)
 

 
(141
)
Total financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value
 
(1,262
)
 
(66,346
)
 
(3,317
)
 
(70,925
)
Securitized debt(1)
 

 

 
(503
)
 
(503
)
Guarantees(2)
 

 

 
(1,229
)
 
(1,229
)
Total investments sold short, financial derivatives–liabilities, securitized debt, and guarantees, at fair value
 
$
(1,262
)
 
$
(1,054,101
)
 
$
(5,049
)
 
$
(1,060,412
)

(1)
The asset subject to the resecuritization had a fair value of $1.9 million as of September 30, 2015, which is included on the Consolidated Schedule of Investments under Principal and Interest – Private Label Securities Mortgage-related—Residential.
(2)
Included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity.
There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine month period ended September 30, 2015.
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2015:
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation 
Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average
Description
 
 
 
Min
 
Max
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities (1)
$
104,505

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
1.84

 
$
114.86

 
$
70.70

Collateralized loan obligations
51,520

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
14.00

 
$
127.50

 
$
89.83

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
45,449

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
4.0
%
 
56.2
%
 
13.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
5.3
%
 
78.0
%
 
37.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
1.1
%
 
31.2
%
 
13.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
1.4
%
 
19.0
%
 
8.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
0.0
%
 
70.7
%
 
41.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
17,485

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
12.1
%
 
38.0
%
 
23.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
0.2
%
 
100.0
%
 
16.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
0.0
%
 
13.2
%
 
4.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
0.0
%
 
98.4
%
 
78.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Corporate debt and non-exchange traded corporate equity
23,798

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
3.00

 
$
200.00

 
$
68.31

(continued)
Fair Value
 
Valuation 
Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average
Description
 
 
 
Min
 
Max
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt and warrants
$
10,500

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
15.0
%
 
15.0
%
 
15.0
%
Collateralized loan obligations
5,283

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
12.0
%
 
33.6
%
 
17.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
50.9
%
 
70.1
%
 
58.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
2.4
%
 
8.1
%
 
4.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
1.4
%
 
4.8
%
 
2.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
25.0
%
 
45.1
%
 
34.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans
77,701

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
9.0
%
 
15.3
%
 
10.7
%
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
25,030

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
6.16

 
$
98.50

 
$
44.95

Performing commercial mortgage loans
48,342

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
9.8
%
 
17.8
%
 
12.3
%
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans
6,278

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
10.2
%
 
10.2
%
 
10.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
Months to Resolution
 
11.2

 
11.2

 
11.2

Non-performing residential mortgage loan pools and real estate owned
32,489

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
5.7
%
 
12.0
%
 
8.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Months to Resolution
 
4.0

 
116.7

 
32.5

Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities
22,943

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
3.16

 
$
23.81

 
$
10.70

Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities
5,412

 
Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS")
 
LIBOR OAS(2)
 
12

 
1,469

 
419

 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
21.2
%
 
85.3
%
 
69.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
14.7
%
 
78.8
%
 
30.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
8,665

 
Net Discounted Cash Flows
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
26.5
%
 
43.7
%
 
31.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
17.2
%
 
35.0
%
 
27.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
7.0
%
 
17.8
%
 
12.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
24.8
%
 
32.6
%
 
28.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Total return swaps
(2,879
)
 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation (3)
 
$
47.78

 
$
100.50

 
$
59.03

Non-exchange traded equity investments in commercial mortgage-related private partnerships
10,817

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
16.5
%
 
12.3
%
 
13.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Expected Holding Period (Months)
 
8.7

 
17.1

 
10.9

Non-exchange traded preferred and common equity investment in mortgage-related entities
5,238

 
Recent Transactions
 
Enterprise Value
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Guarantees
(1,229
)
 
Recent Transactions
 
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
(1)
Includes securitized debt with a fair value of $0.5 million as of September 30, 2015.
(2)
Shown in basis points.
(3)
Represents valuations on underlying assets.
Third-party non-binding valuations are validated by comparing such valuations to internally generated prices based on the Company's models and to recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments.
For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset. The Company considers the expected timeline to resolution in the determination of fair value for its non-performing commercial and residential loans.
Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, for instruments subject to prepayments and credit losses, such as non-Agency RMBS and consumer loans and ABS backed by consumer loans, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such credit default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise.
The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at December 31, 2014:
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Description
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents(2)
 
$
100,000

 
$

 
$

 
$
100,000

Investments, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$

 
$
1,258,699

 
$
31,385

 
$
1,290,084

U.S. Treasury securities
 

 
1,636

 

 
1,636

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
 

 
284,748

 
274,369

 
559,117

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
 

 

 
53,311

 
53,311

Commercial mortgage loans
 

 

 
28,309

 
28,309

Residential mortgage loans
 

 

 
27,482

 
27,482

Collateralized loan obligations(2)
 

 

 
121,994

 
121,994

Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans(2)
 

 

 
24,294

 
24,294

Corporate debt
 

 

 
42,708

 
42,708

Real estate owned
 

 

 
8,635

 
8,635

Private corporate equity investments
 

 

 
14,512

 
14,512

Total investments, at fair value
 

 
1,545,083

 
626,999

 
2,172,082

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Description
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
 
$

 
$

 
$
11,387

 
$
11,387

Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices
 

 
35,865

 

 
35,865

Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices
 

 
1,881

 

 
1,881

Interest rate swaps
 

 
28,654

 

 
28,654

Total return swaps
 

 
8

 

 
8

Swaptions
 

 
344

 

 
344

Options
 

 
645

 

 
645

Futures
 
261

 

 

 
261

Forwards
 

 
884

 

 
884

Warrants
 

 

 
100

 
100

Total financial derivatives–assets, at fair value
 
261

 
68,281

 
11,487

 
80,029

Repurchase agreements
 

 
172,001

 

 
172,001

Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value and repurchase agreements
 
$
261

 
$
1,785,365

 
$
638,486

 
$
2,424,112

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments sold short, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$

 
$
(1,209,539
)
 
$

 
$
(1,209,539
)
Government debt
 

 
(55,315
)
 

 
(55,315
)
Common stock
 
(26,516
)
 

 

 
(26,516
)
Total investments sold short, at fair value
 
(26,516
)
 
(1,264,854
)
 

 
(1,291,370
)
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices
 

 
(28,588
)
 

 
(28,588
)
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds
 

 
(2,953
)
 

 
(2,953
)
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices
 

 
(4,410
)
 

 
(4,410
)
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
 

 

 
(239
)
 
(239
)
Interest rate swaps
 

 
(29,405
)
 

 
(29,405
)
Total return swaps
 

 
(21
)
 

 
(21
)
Options
 

 
(146
)
 

 
(146
)
Swaptions
 

 
(137
)
 

 
(137
)
Futures
 
(81
)
 

 

 
(81
)
Forwards
 

 
(136
)
 

 
(136
)
Total financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value
 
(81
)
 
(65,796
)
 
(239
)
 
(66,116
)
Securitized debt(1)
 

 

 
(774
)
 
(774
)
Total investments sold short, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, at fair value
 
$
(26,597
)
 
$
(1,330,650
)
 
$
(1,013
)
 
$
(1,358,260
)

(1)
The asset subject to the resecuritization had a fair value of $2.2 million as of December 31, 2014, which is included on the Consolidated Schedule of Investments under Principal and Interest – Private Label Securities Mortgage-related—Residential.
(2)
Conformed to current period presentation.
There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended December 31, 2014.
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2014:
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation 
Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average
Description
 
 
 
Min
 
Max
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities (1)
$
201,373

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
1.83

 
$
119.58

 
$
73.58

Collateralized loan obligations(3)
121,674

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
21.50

 
137.00

 
94.85

Asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans(3)
1,344

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
100.00

 
100.00

 
100.00

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
72,222

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
3.0
%
 
13.6
%
 
7.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
6.7
%
 
100.0
%
 
45.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
0.0
%
 
44.5
%
 
11.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
0.0
%
 
22.4
%
 
8.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
0.0
%
 
86.4
%
 
35.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
12,392

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
12.0
%
 
51.1
%
 
23.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
0.1
%
 
2.5
%
 
0.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
0.9
%
 
13.5
%
 
6.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
85.3
%
 
99.0
%
 
93.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Corporate debt, non-exchange traded corporate equity, and warrants
45,668

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
7.5
%
 
24.3
%
 
13.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
73.00

 
108.00

 
95.08

Collateralized loan obligations(3)
320

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
14.4
%
 
14.4
%
 
14.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
62.7
%
 
62.7
%
 
62.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
4.0
%
 
4.0
%
 
4.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
1.7
%
 
1.7
%
 
1.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
31.6
%
 
31.6
%
 
31.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans(3)
22,950

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
0.0
%
 
12.0
%
 
9.1
%
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
40,919

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
5.62

 
$
103.25

 
$
66.56

Performing commercial mortgage loans
21,328

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
9.2
%
 
13.1
%
 
10.3
%
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans
6,981

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
15.3
%
 
20.1
%
 
16.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Months to Resolution
 
0.5

 
10.5

 
8.2

Non-performing residential mortgage loan pools and real estate owned
36,117

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
6.1
%
 
12.0
%
 
7.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
Months to Resolution
 
4.1

 
79.1

 
24.6

Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities
22,928

 
Market Quotes
 
Non Binding Third-Party Valuation
 
$
3.62

 
$
24.86

 
$
11.38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation 
Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average
Description
 
 
 
Min
 
Max
 
(continued)
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities
$
8,457

 
Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS")
 
LIBOR OAS(2)
 
(154
)
 
1,796

 
359

 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
50.2
%
 
100.0
%
 
75.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
0.0
%
 
49.8
%
 
24.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
11,148

 
Net Discounted Cash Flows
 
Projected Collateral Prepayments
 
17.8
%
 
55.8
%
 
32.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Losses
 
16.5
%
 
37.7
%
 
29.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Recoveries
 
7.7
%
 
18.5
%
 
12.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization
 
15.9
%
 
43.4
%
 
25.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
%
Non-exchange traded preferred equity investment in commercial mortgage-related private partnership
6,241

 
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Yield
 
10.0
%
 
10.0
%
 
10.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Expected Holding Period (Months)
 
17

 
17

 
17

Non-exchange traded preferred and common equity investment in mortgage-related entities
5,411

 
Recent Transactions
 
Transaction Price
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

(1)
Includes securitized debt with a fair value of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2014.
(2)
Shown in basis points.
(3)
Conformed to current period presentation.
For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset.
Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise.
The tables below include a roll-forward of the Company's financial instruments for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2015
(In thousands)
Ending
Balance as of 
June 30, 2015
 
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
 
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
 
Change in Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
 
Purchases/
Payments
 
Sales/
Issuances
 
Transfers Into Level 3
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance as of 
September30, 2015
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
$
30,385

 
$
(2,249
)
 
$

 
$
(1,135
)
 
$
1,354

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
28,355

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
160,046

 
2,682

 
4,139

 
(5,191
)
 
10,138

 
(27,217
)
 
20,154

 
(14,294
)
 
150,457

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
49,834

 
579

 
25

 
(151
)
 
1,250

 
(9,022
)
 

 

 
42,515

Commercial mortgage loans
55,310

 
(2
)
 
543

 
(192
)
 
4,305

 
(5,344
)
 

 

 
54,620

Residential mortgage loans
20,929

 
279

 
714

 
(9
)
 
3,902

 
(8,156
)
 

 

 
17,659

Collateralized loan obligations
98,388

 
(4,862
)
 
2,581

 
(2,678
)
 
5,946

 
(42,572
)
 

 

 
56,803

Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans
52,457

 
(1,413
)
 

 
180

 
43,830

 
(17,353
)
 

 

 
77,701

Corporate debt
26,278

 
75

 
(28
)
 
(3,212
)
 
9,609

 
(4,475
)
 

 

 
28,247

Real estate owned
9,502

 

 
437

 
(299
)
 
8,007

 
(2,817
)
 

 

 
14,830

Private corporate equity investments
22,349

 

 

 
(285
)
 

 
(58
)
 

 

 
22,006

Total investments, at fair value
525,478

 
(4,911
)
 
8,411

 
(12,972
)
 
88,341

 
(117,014
)
 
20,154

 
(14,294
)
 
493,193

Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
9,449

 

 
446

 
(310
)
 
10

 
(668
)
 

 

 
8,927

Total return swaps
247

 

 
51

 
(71
)
 
18

 
(69
)
 

 

 
176

Warrants
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
100

Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value
9,796

 

 
497

 
(381
)
 
28

 
(737
)
 

 

 
9,203

Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value
$
535,274

 
$
(4,911
)
 
$
8,908

 
$
(13,353
)
 
$
88,369

 
$
(117,751
)
 
$
20,154

 
$
(14,294
)
 
$
502,396

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
$
(280
)
 
$

 
$
(18
)
 
$
18

 
$

 
$
18

 
$

 
$

 
$
(262
)
Total return swaps
(1,903
)
 

 
854

 
(1,152
)
 
(869
)
 
15

 

 

 
(3,055
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value
(2,183
)
 

 
836

 
(1,134
)
 
(869
)
 
33

 

 

 
(3,317
)
Securitized debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitized debt
(655
)
 
(3
)
 

 
1

 
154

 

 

 

 
(503
)
Total securitized debt
(655
)
 
(3
)
 

 
1

 
154

 

 

 

 
(503
)
Guarantees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantees(1)
(13
)
 

 

 
(1,216
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,229
)
Total guarantees
(13
)
 

 

 
(1,216
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,229
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, securitized debt, and guarantees at fair value
$
(2,851
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
836

 
$
(2,349
)
 
$
(715
)
 
$
33

 
$

 
$

 
$
(5,049
)
(1) Conformed to current period presentation.
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2015, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three month period ended September 30, 2015. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2015, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $(11.8) million, $(0.3) million, $(1.3) million, $1 thousand, and $(1.2) million for the three month period ended September 30, 2015 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, securitized debt, and guarantees, respectively.
For the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company transferred $14.3 million of non-Agency RMBS from Level 3 to Level 2. These assets were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 based on an increased volume of observed trading of these and similar assets. This increase in observed trading activity has led to greater price transparency for these assets, thereby making a Level 2 designation appropriate in the Company's view. However, changes in the volume of observable inputs for these assets, such as a decrease in the volume of observed trading, could impact price transparency, and thereby cause a change in the level designation for these assets in future periods.
In addition, for the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company transferred $20.2 million of non-Agency RMBS from Level 2 to Level 3. These securities have exhibited indications of a reduced level of price transparency. Examples of such indications include wider spreads relative to similar securities and a reduction in observable transactions involving these and similar securities. Changes in these indications could impact price transparency, and thereby cause a change in the level designation in future periods.
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2014
(In thousands)
Ending
Balance as of June 30, 2014
 
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
 
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
 
Change in
Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
 
Purchases/
Payments
 
Sales/
Issuances
 
Transfers Into Level 3
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance as of
September 30, 2014
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
$
36,240

 
$
(2,188
)
 
$
286

 
$
492

 
$
4,695

 
$
(953
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
38,572

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
485,902

 
4,770

 
3,684

 
(5,030
)
 
79,431

 
(66,687
)
 

 

 
502,070

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
28,047

 
145

 
1,089

 
(378
)
 
29,496

 
(12,082
)
 

 

 
46,317

Commercial mortgage loans
37,415

 
832

 
1,029

 
(382
)
 
8,113

 
(17,155
)
 

 

 
29,852

Residential mortgage loans
23,371

 
878

 
501

 
(131
)
 
(547
)
 
(6,925
)
 

 

 
17,147

Collateralized loan obligations
81,315

 
(2,791
)
 
(170
)
 
(637
)
 
43,353

 
(11,918
)
 

 

 
109,152

Real estate owned
1,641

 

 
18

 
229

 
6,033

 
(457
)
 

 

 
7,464

Private corporate equity investments

 

 

 
(239
)
 
7,925

 

 

 

 
7,686

Total investments, at fair value
693,931

 
1,646

 
6,437

 
(6,076
)
 
178,499

 
(116,177
)
 

 

 
758,260

Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
14,162

 

 
(2,860
)
 
3,004

 
75

 
(1,593
)
 

 

 
12,788

Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value
14,162

 

 
(2,860
)
 
3,004

 
75

 
(1,593
)
 

 

 
12,788

Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value
$
708,093

 
$
1,646

 
$
3,577

 
$
(3,072
)
 
$
178,574

 
$
(117,770
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
771,048

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
Ending
Balance as of June 30, 2014
 
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
 
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
 
Change in
Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
 
Purchases/
Payments
 
Sales/
Issuances
 
Transfers Into Level 3
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance as of
September 30, 2014
(continued)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
$
(350
)
 
$

 
$
(20
)
 
$
(28
)
 
$

 
$
20

 
$

 
$

 
$
(378
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value
(350
)
 

 
(20
)
 
(28
)
 

 
20

 

 

 
(378
)
Securitized debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitized debt
(925
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(2
)
 
58

 

 

 

 
(870
)
Total securitized debt
(925
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(2
)
 
58

 

 

 

 
(870
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities and securitized debt, at fair value
$
(1,275
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(20
)
 
$
(30
)
 
$
58

 
$
20

 
$

 
$

 
$
(1,248
)
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2014, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three month period ended September 30, 2014. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2014, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $(2.9) million, $(0.7) million, $(29) thousand, and $(2) thousand for the three month period ended September 30, 2014 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, respectively.
Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2015
(In thousands)
Ending
Balance as of 
December 31, 2014
 
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
 
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
 
Change in Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
 
Purchases/
Payments
 
Sales/
Issuances
 
Transfers Into Level 3
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance as of 
September 30, 2015
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
$
31,385

 
$
(6,196
)
 
$
472

 
$
373

 
$
8,860

 
$
(6,539
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
28,355

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
274,369

 
7,524

 
16,855

 
(11,589
)
 
64,366

 
(163,848
)
 
9,667

 
(46,887
)
 
150,457

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
53,311

 
2,507

 
549

 
(2,844
)
 
21,382

 
(32,390
)
 

 

 
42,515

Commercial mortgage loans
28,309

 
1,273

 
542

 
(812
)
 
55,115

 
(29,807
)
 

 

 
54,620

Residential mortgage loans
27,482

 
1,127

 
2,378

 
(80
)
 
13,660

 
(26,908
)
 

 

 
17,659

Collateralized loan obligations
123,338

 
(9,335
)
 
2,533

 
(4,131
)
 
55,533

 
(111,135
)
 

 

 
56,803

Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans
22,950

 
(4,832
)
 

 
956

 
84,969

 
(26,342
)
 

 

 
77,701

Corporate debt
42,708

 
121

 
80

 
(5,601
)
 
22,239

 
(31,300
)
 

 

 
28,247

Real estate owned
8,635

 

 
685

 
228

 
13,252

 
(7,970
)
 

 

 
14,830

Private corporate equity investments
14,512

 

 
116

 
213

 
7,689

 
(524
)
 

 

 
22,006

Total investments, at fair value
626,999

 
(7,811
)
 
24,210

 
(23,287
)
 
347,065

 
(436,763
)
 
9,667

 
(46,887
)
 
493,193

Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
11,387

 

 
(717
)
 
392

 
35

 
(2,170
)
 

 

 
8,927

Total return swaps

 

 
336

 
176

 
39

 
(375
)
 

 

 
176

Warrants
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
100

Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value
11,487

 

 
(381
)
 
568

 
74

 
(2,545
)
 

 

 
9,203

Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value
$
638,486

 
$
(7,811
)
 
$
23,829

 
$
(22,719
)
 
$
347,139

 
$
(439,308
)
 
$
9,667

 
$
(46,887
)
 
$
502,396

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
$
(239
)
 
$

 
$
(60
)
 
$
(23
)
 
$

 
$
60

 
$

 
$

 
$
(262
)
Total return swaps

 

 
1,207

 
(3,054
)
 
(1,223
)
 
15

 

 

 
(3,055
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value
(239
)
 

 
1,147

 
(3,077
)
 
(1,223
)
 
75

 

 

 
(3,317
)
Securitized debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitized debt
(774
)
 
(5
)
 

 
21

 
255

 

 

 

 
(503
)
Total securitized debt
(774
)
 
(5
)
 

 
21

 
255

 

 

 

 
(503
)
Guarantees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantees

 

 

 
(1,229
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,229
)
Total guarantees

 

 

 
(1,229
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,229
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, securitized debt, and guarantees at fair value
$
(1,013
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
1,147

 
$
(4,285
)
 
$
(968
)
 
$
75

 
$

 
$

 
$
(5,049
)
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2015, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the nine month period ended September 30, 2015. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2015, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $(21.8) million, $(71) thousand, $(3.0) million, $21 thousand, and $(1.2) million, for the nine month period ended September 30, 2015 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, securitized debt, and guarantees, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company transferred $46.9 million of non-Agency RMBS from Level 3 to Level 2. These assets were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 based on an increased volume of observed trading of these and similar assets. This increase in observed trading activity has led to greater price transparency for these assets, thereby making a Level 2 designation appropriate in the Company's view. However, changes in the volume of observable inputs for these assets, such as a decrease in the volume of observed trading, could impact price transparency, and thereby cause a change in the level designation for these assets in future periods.
In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company transferred $9.7 million of non-Agency RMBS from Level 2 to Level 3. Since year end, these securities have exhibited indications of a reduced level of price transparency. Examples of such indications include wider spreads relative to similar securities and a reduction in observable transactions involving these and similar securities. Changes in these indications could impact price transparency, and thereby cause a change in the level designation in future periods.
Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2014
(In thousands)
Ending
Balance as of December 31, 2013
 
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
 
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
 
Change in
Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
 
Purchases/
Payments
 
Sales/
Issuances
 
Transfers Into Level 3
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance as of June 30, 2014
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
$
40,504

 
$
(6,523
)
 
$
457

 
$
515

 
$
7,249

 
$
(3,630
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
38,572

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities
580,772

 
15,359

 
34,862

 
(14,366
)
 
233,654

 
(348,211
)
 

 

 
502,070

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities
32,994

 
497

 
5,479

 
(842
)
 
95,665

 
(87,476
)
 

 

 
46,317

Commercial mortgage loans
23,887

 
1,916

 
1,901

 
(673
)
 
32,117

 
(29,296
)
 

 

 
29,852

Residential mortgage loans
24,062

 
878

 
878

 
823

 
1,148

 
(10,642
)
 

 

 
17,147

Collateralized loan obligations
38,069

 
(3,444
)
 
184

 
(581
)
 
97,539

 
(22,615
)
 

 

 
109,152

Real estate owned

 

 
7

 
212

 
7,792

 
(547
)
 

 

 
7,464

Private corporate equity investments

 

 

 
(239
)
 
7,925

 

 

 

 
7,686

Total investments, at fair value
740,288

 
8,683

 
43,768

 
(15,151
)
 
483,089

 
(502,417
)
 

 

 
758,260

Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
16,646

 

 
(2,135
)
 
2,379

 
530

 
(4,632
)
 

 

 
12,788

Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value
16,646

 

 
(2,135
)
 
2,379

 
530

 
(4,632
)
 

 

 
12,788

Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value
$
756,934

 
$
8,683

 
$
41,633

 
$
(12,772
)
 
$
483,619

 
$
(507,049
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
771,048

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities
$
(350
)
 
$

 
$
(59
)
 
$
(28
)
 
$

 
$
59

 
$

 
$

 
$
(378
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value
(350
)
 

 
(59
)
 
(28
)
 

 
59

 

 

 
(378
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
Ending
Balance as of December 31, 2013
 
Accreted
Discounts /
(Amortized
Premiums)
 
Net Realized
Gain/
(Loss)
 
Change in
Net
Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
 
Purchases/
Payments
 
Sales/
Issuances
 
Transfers Into Level 3
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance as of June 30, 2014
(continued)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitized debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitized debt
$
(983
)
 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
(17
)
 
$
144

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(870
)
Total securitized debt
(983
)
 
(14
)
 

 
(17
)
 
144

 

 

 

 
(870
)
Total financial derivatives– liabilities and securitized debt, at fair value
$
(1,333
)
 
$
(14
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
(45
)
 
$
144

 
$
59

 
$

 
$

 
$
(1,248
)

All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2014, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the nine month period ended September 30, 2014. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at September 30, 2014, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $2.3 million, $(1.9) million, $(28) thousand, and $(17) thousand for the nine month period ended September 30, 2014 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, respectively.