Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s intangible assets, which consist of the following:

	December 31, 2015						December 31, 2014
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted average amortization period (years)

Patents	$	28,213	$	(13,782)	$	14,431	$	28,213	$	(10,588)	$	17,625		8.60
Additions during the year (Note 5):
Customer relationships		1,163		(62)		1,101		—		—				3.91
Trade name		504		(21)		483		—		—				4.90
Technology		479		(18)		461		—		—				5.68
Total intangible assets	$	30,359	$	(13,883)	$	16,476	$	28,213	$	(10,588)	$	17,625

The Company’s patents consist of three major patent portfolios, which were acquired from third parties, as well as a number of internally developed patents. The costs related to internally developed patents are expensed as incurred.

The Company’s patents and other intangible assets are amortized over their expected useful lives (i.e., through the expiration date of the patent). During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded amortization expense of $3,295 and $3,768, respectively, related to its intangible assets.

During the third quarter of 2014, the Company determined that there were impairment indicators related to certain of its patents. A significant factor that was considered when making this determination included the announcement of the Federal Circuit’s decision on August 15, 2014, in which they held that the claims of the patents-in-suit asserted by I/P Engine against the Defendants are invalid for obviousness. The Company concluded that this factor was deemed a “triggering” event requiring that the related patent assets be tested for impairment during the third quarter of 2014. In performing this impairment test, the Company determined that the patent portfolio containing the patents-in-suit in I/P Engine's litigation against AOL Inc., Google Inc. et al, which represents an asset group, was subject to impairment testing. In the first step of the impairment test, the Company utilized its projections of future undiscounted cash flows based on the Company’s existing plans for the patents. As a result, it was determined that the Company’s projections of future undiscounted cash flows were less than the carrying value of the asset group. Accordingly, the Company performed the second step of the impairment test to measure the potential impairment by calculating the asset group’s fair value. This resulted in an impairment of $1,355 during the third quarter of 2014, related to the asset group, which represents the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset group. The impairment charge is included in amortization and impairment of intangibles in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014. There were no impairment charges related to the Company’s patents during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years, of the Company’s intangible assets at December 31, 2015 is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
2016	$	3,362
2017		3,291
2018		3,268
2019		2,874
2020		1,692
Thereafter		1,989
	$	16,476

Goodwill

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s goodwill:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2015		2014
Balance as of January 1:	$	—	$	67,757
Acquisition of IDG (Note 5):
Fli Charge goodwill		757		—
Group Mobile goodwill		4,106		—
Goodwill impairment		—		(67,757)
	$	4,863	$	—

As of December 31, 2015, goodwill related to the purchase of IDG, which was consummated during the fourth quarter of 2015. There were no indicators of impairment as of December 31, 2015.

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2014. The Company performed the first step of the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Similar to the interim goodwill impairment test described above, the fair value of the reporting unit was determined using certain valuation techniques, including the estimation of an implied control premium, in addition to the Company’s market capitalization on the measurement date, as the market capitalization is derived on a non-controlling basis. The implied control premium selected was consistent with the control premium utilized in the interim goodwill impairment test described above, as no new significant observable market data of comparable companies was available.

During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company’s stock price declined and the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 31, 2014 was $5.50. This decline in stock price resulted in a significantly lower market capitalization than that used when performing the interim goodwill impairment test described above. Based upon the first step of the goodwill impairment test performed as of December 31, 2014, the Company determined that the fair value of the reporting unit did not exceed its carrying amount and therefore the second step of the goodwill impairment test was required.

In performing the second step of the goodwill impairment test, the Company compared the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. In estimating the implied fair value of goodwill, the Company assigns the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities associated with the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. As part of this step, the Company estimated the fair value of its patents using an income approach. The key assumptions for this approach are projected future cash flows, ranges of royalty rates as determined by management in consultations with valuation experts, and a discount rate which is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected future cash flows. As a result, it was determined that the Company’s intangible assets were not impaired as of December 31, 2014.

Based on the estimated implied fair value of goodwill, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $65,757, to reduce the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value, which was determined to be zero. This impairment charge is included in goodwill impairment in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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