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Employee Incentive Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Employee Incentive Plans Employee Incentive PlansThe Company’s equity incentive plans provide for granting awards, including RSUs, PBRSUs, cash awards and stock options to employees, officers and directors.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance was as follows:
December 31,20212020
Available for future RSU, PBRSU and stock option grants15,172,055 12,552,761 
Unvested RSUs, PBRSUs and stock options outstanding13,029,414 14,631,526 
Available for ESPP5,161,860 4,134,033 
Total reserved for future issuance33,363,329 31,318,320 

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,202120202019
RSUs and PBRSUs$66,552 $60,745 $70,772 
Stock options599 788 2,383 
ESPP (1)
— — 484 
Total stock-based compensation expense$67,151 $61,533 $73,639 
(1)    Purchases through the Company’s employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) were suspended effective upon the completion of the offering period on May 10, 2019.

The Company capitalized $4.4 million, $5.1 million and $6.3 million of stock-based compensation expense associated with developing software for internal use during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activities for the Company’s RSUs:
Number
of Units		Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 202011,395,112 $11.26 
Granted5,792,679 $14.39 
Vested(5,033,976)$11.98 
Forfeited/expired(2,450,064)$12.58 
Unvested at December 31, 20219,703,751 $12.44 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company granted 5,792,679 RSUs with an aggregate fair value of $83.4 million.

As of December 31, 2021, there was $109.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the next 2.1 years.
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units

PBRSUs are restricted stock unit awards that are earned and eligible for vesting (if applicable) based upon the achievement of certain pre-established performance metrics over a specific performance period. The Company’s PBRSU awards have a separate market-based component and/or a performance-based component. Certain of the Company’s PBRSU awards have additional time-based vesting for any earned shares. With respect to PBRSU awards with market-based metrics, the compensation expense of the award is fixed at the time of grant (incorporating the probability of achieving the market-based metrics) and expensed over the performance and vesting period. With respect to PBRSU awards with performance-based metrics, the compensation expense of the award is set at the time of grant (assuming a target level of achievement), adjusted for actual performance during the performance period and expensed over the performance and vesting period.

The following table summarizes the activities for the Company’s PBRSUs:
Number
of Units		Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 20201,441,311 $5.31 
Granted568,285 $22.54 
Vested(79,604)$22.59 
Forfeited/expired(158,123)$12.41 
Unvested at December 31, 20211,771,869 $9.72 

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $7.0 million, $2.8 million and $3.9 million in stock-based compensation expense related to PBRSUs, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, there was $10.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PBRSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the next 1.5 years.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the activities for the Company’s stock options:
Number of
Options		Weighted-Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share		Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Life (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic 
Value (1)
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 20201,795,116 $29.99 
Granted188,626 $5.32 
Exercised
(264,826)$9.22 
Forfeited/Expired
(165,109)$15.12 
Outstanding at December 31, 20211,553,807 $32.12 3.06$6,913 
Exercisable at December 31, 20211,511,469 $32.87 2.96$6,115 
(1)    The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the Company’s closing stock price of $24.18 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2021.
As part of the Acquisition, the Company granted service-based stock options to purchase 188,626 shares of common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $5.32 per option share, a weighted-average grant date fair value of $6.25 per option share and an aggregate estimated fair value of $1.2 million.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $5.1 million, $1.8 million and $5.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The total fair value of stock options vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $0.3 million, $1.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, there was $38.0 thousand in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options.

There were no stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.