Summary of Accounting Policies |
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Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and disclosures in the accompanying notes, including estimates of probable losses and expenses, as of the date of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements under different assumptions or conditions. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with remaining maturities at purchase of three months or less that can be liquidated without prior notice or penalty. Cash and cash equivalents may include U.S. Treasury bills, deposits, money market funds and commercial paper. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments consist of available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, corporate bonds and commercial paper with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than twelve months. These investments are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets, with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive gain (loss) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the securities. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss using the specific-identification method. The Company periodically reviews all available-for-sale securities for other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company also evaluates whether it has plans or is required to sell short-term investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. To date, the Company has not identified any other than temporary declines in fair value of its short-term investments. Concentration of Risks Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company has established guidelines to mitigate such potential risks by maintaining the Company’s cash balances with entities that management believes possess high credit quality to limit the amount of credit exposure. Substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are maintained at one financial institution domiciled in the United States. Cash and cash equivalents can exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation of up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in its accounts and management believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. The primary objectives of the Company’s investment portfolio are the preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity. The Company believes any concentration of credit risk in its accounts receivable is mitigated by its credit evaluation process, relatively short collection terms and the level of credit worthiness of its customers. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of sales or accounts receivable in 2023 or 2022. The Company sources materials and services through several vendors. Certain materials are sourced from a single vendor. The loss of certain vendors could result in a temporary disruption of the Company’s commercialization efforts. The Company’s products require clearance from the FDA and foreign regulatory agencies before commercial sales can commence. There can be no assurance that the Company’s products in development will receive any of these required clearances. The denial or delay of such clearances may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business in the future. In addition, after the clearance by the FDA, there is still an ongoing risk of adverse events that did not appear during the device clearance process. The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the medical device industry, including, but not limited to, new technological innovations, clinical development risk, establishment of appropriate commercial partnerships, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government and environmental regulations, uncertainty of market acceptance of its products, product liability and the need to obtain additional financing. Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable pertain to contracts with customers who are granted credit by the Company in the ordinary course of business and are recorded at the invoiced amount. Accounts receivable do not bear interest. Accounts receivable presented on the consolidated balance sheets are adjusted for any write-offs and net of allowance for credit losses. The Company’s allowance for credit losses is developed by using relevant available information including historical collection and loss experience, current economic conditions, prevailing economic conditions, supportable forecasted economic conditions and evaluations of customer balances. Once a receivable is deemed uncollectible after collection efforts have been exhausted, it is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The Company closely monitors the credit quality of its customers and does not generally require collateral or other security on receivables. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company’s estimate of current expected credit losses was immaterial as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and there were immaterial write-offs. Inventory Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost may include materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Cost is determined by the first in first out inventory method. The carrying value of inventory is reviewed for potential impairment whenever indicators suggest that the cost of inventory exceeds the carrying value and management adjusts the inventory to its net realizable value. The Company also periodically evaluates inventory for estimated losses from excess quantities and obsolescence and writes down the cost of inventory to net realizable value at the time such determinations are made. Net realizable value is determined using the estimated selling price, in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and disposal. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. The Company records depreciation over the estimated useful lives of the assets, typically three to five years, using the straight-line method, and amortizes leasehold improvements using a straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated economic lives or the related remaining lease term. Repairs and maintenance expenditures that do not significantly add value to property and equipment, or prolong the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions of property and equipment are included in the operating results of the related period. Leases Lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company takes possession of the leased property (the “Commencement Date”) based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. At the inception of a contract, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the facts and circumstances present. Operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made at or before lease commencement and exclude any lease incentives received. The lease terms used to calculate the right-of-use asset and related lease liability include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company elected the practical expedient to exclude short-term agreements of less than 12 months from capitalization and not to separate lease and non-lease components. The Company enters into various operating leases for office space. The leases expire at various dates, have various options to renew, and may contain escalation provisions. Rent expense on cancelable leases containing known future scheduled rent increases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective leases beginning on the Commencement Date. Landlord improvement allowances and other such lease incentives are recorded as property and equipment and as reduction of the right-of-use leased assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to operating lease costs. The key estimates for the Company’s leases include the incremental borrowing rate used to determine the present value of lease payments and the lease term. The Company’s leases generally do not include an implicit rate; therefore, management establishes a rate of interest the Company would have to pay on a collateralized borrowing, for an amount equal to the lease payments, over a similar term and in a similar economic environment. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the Company in an acquisition of a business. The determination of the value of goodwill and intangible assets arising from a business combination requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company recorded $8.5 million of goodwill in conjunction with the acquisition of TDO. The Company performs its goodwill impairment analysis at the reporting unit level, which aligns with the Company’s reporting structure and availability of discrete financial information. The Company performs its annual impairment analysis by either comparing a reporting unit’s estimated fair value to its carrying amount or doing a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit’s fair value from the last quantitative assessment to determine if there is potential impairment. The Company may do a qualitative assessment when the results of the previous quantitative test indicated the reporting unit’s estimated fair value was significantly in excess of the carrying value of its net assets and it does not believe there have been significant changes in the reporting unit’s operations that would significantly decrease its estimated fair value or significantly increase its net assets. If a quantitative assessment is performed, the evaluation includes management projections of future cash flows and/or use of a market approach by considering market values of comparable companies. Key assumptions for these projections include revenue growth, future gross and operating margin growth, and the weighted cost of capital and terminal growth rates. The revenue and margin growth is based on increased sales of new and existing products as the Company maintains investments in research and development. Additional value creators may include increased efficiencies from capital spending. The resulting cash flows are discounted using a weighted average cost of capital. Operating mechanisms and requirements to ensure that growth and efficiency assumptions will ultimately be realized are also considered in the evaluation. The Company's evaluation for goodwill impairment, which is completed annually as of October 31, consists of the TDO reporting unit from which goodwill originated. In the second half of 2023, the Company identified indicators of impairment related to the decline in its share price. The Company completed an evaluation using a quantitative method as of September 30, 2023, the annual evaluation using a qualitative method as of October 31, 2023 and an evaluation using a quantitative method as of December 31, 2023, and determined that no impairment existed in each evaluation. The assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with the past performance of the Company and are also consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current operating plans. The assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. Definite-lived intangible assets are recorded at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, which range from to ten years. In determining the useful lives of intangible assets, the Company considers the expected use of the assets and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, anticipated technological advances, market influences and other economic factors. Trademarks and trade names that are related to products are assigned lives consistent with the period in which the products bearing each brand are expected to be sold. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, which includes definite-lived intangibles, long-lived fixed assets and lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant under-performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of the Company’s use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the Company’s overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. If this evaluation indicates that the value of the long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company makes an assessment of the recoverability of the net carrying value of the asset over its remaining useful life. If this assessment indicates that the long-lived asset is not recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the technology over the remaining useful life, the Company reduces the net carrying value of the related asset to fair value and may adjust the remaining useful life. An impairment analysis is subjective and assumptions regarding future growth rates and operating expense levels can have a significant impact on the expected future cash flows and impairment analysis. In the second half of 2023, the significant decline in the Company's market capitalization was a triggering event, which resulted in the performance of an interim long-lived assets impairment assessment. The assessment indicated that the carrying amount of the Company's definite-lived intangible and long-lived fixed assets in its Product segment would not be recoverable. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $1.0 million to a definite-lived intangible, developed technology, which was recorded in operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and an impairment charge of $2.6 million to property and equipment, of which $1.6 million was recorded in cost of sales and the remainder was recorded in operating expenses, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. No impairment was identified in the year ended December 31, 2022. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company applies fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, operating lease liabilities, warrant liabilities, and a term loan. Fair value is measured as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market. Valuation techniques that are consistent with the market, income or cost approach are used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 – Observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical unrestricted assets or liabilities the Company has the ability to access. Level 2 – Inputs (other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement and reflect the reporting entity’s use of significant management judgment and assumptions when there is little or no market data. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques and significant management judgment or estimation. These include the Black-Scholes option-pricing model which uses inputs such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected term to determine fair market valuation. Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification at each reporting date. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. The Company did not have any transfers of assets and liabilities between the levels of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the periods presented. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and certain accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. Accordingly, the Company estimates that the recorded amounts approximate fair market value. Revenue Recognition Contracts with Customers The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. Specifically, the Company applies the following five core principles to recognize revenue: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Product revenue is generated from sales of the GentleWave Console and related PIs and accessories. Software revenue is generated from sales of TDO's endodontist practice management software licenses. The Company’s products are sold primarily in the United States and Canada directly to customers through its field sales force. Performance Obligations The Company’s performance obligations primarily arise from the manufacture and delivery of the GentleWave System, related PIs and accessories, and the delivery or license of TDO software and related ancillary services. Payment terms are typically on open credit terms consistent with industry practice and do not have significant financing components. Consideration may be variable based on volume. The Company considers the individual deliverables in its product offering as separate performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The total contract transaction price is determined based on the consideration expected to be received, based on the stated value in contractual arrangements or the estimated cash to be collected in no-contracted arrangements, and is allocated to the identified performance obligations based upon the relative standalone selling prices of the performance obligations. The stand-alone selling price is based on an observable price offered to other comparable customers. The Company estimates the standalone selling price using the market assessment approach considering market conditions and entity-specific factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the products and services, geographies, type of customer and market conditions. The Company regularly reviews and updates standalone selling prices as necessary. The consideration the Company receives in exchange for its goods or services is only recognized when it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. The consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled includes a stated list price, less various forms of variable consideration. The Company estimates related variable consideration at the point of sale, including discounts, product returns, refunds, and other similar obligations. Revenue is recognized over time when the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance. Revenue is recognized at a point in time if the criteria for recognizing revenue over time are not met, and the Company has transferred control of the goods to the customer. Product revenue is recognized at a point in time when the Company has transferred control to the customer, which is generally when title of the goods transfers to the customer. Software is licensed via delivery to the customer or via a service arrangement under which cloud-based access is provided on a subscription basis (software-as-a-service). When a fixed up-front license fee is received in exchange for the delivery of software, revenue is recognized at the point in time when the delivery of the software has occurred. When software is licensed on a subscription basis, revenue is recognized over the respective license period. The Company also sells extended service contracts on its GentleWave Systems. Sales of extended service contracts are recorded as deferred revenue until such time as the standard warranty expires, which is generally up to two years from the date of sale. Service contract revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over time consistent with the life of the related service contract in proportion to the costs incurred in fulfilling performance obligations under the service contract. Revenue for technical support and other services is recognized ratably over the performance obligation period. The Company generally does not experience returns. If necessary, a provision is recorded for estimated sales returns and allowances and is deducted from gross product revenue to arrive at net product revenue in the period the related revenue is recorded. These estimates are based on historical sales returns and allowances and other known factors. Actual returns and claims in any future period are inherently uncertain and thus may differ from these estimates. If actual or expected future returns and claims are significantly greater or lower than the reserves established, a reduction or increase to revenue will be recorded in the period in which such a determination is made. All non-income government-assessed taxes (sales and use taxes) collected from the Company’s customers and remitted to governmental agencies are recorded in accrued expenses until they are remitted to the government agency. The Company has adopted the practical expedient permitting the direct expensing of costs incurred to obtain contracts where the amortization of such costs would occur over one year or less, and it applied to substantially all the Company’s contracts. Contract liabilities The Company recognizes a contract liability when a customer pays for goods or services for which the Company has not yet transferred control. The balances of the Company’s contract liabilities are as follows:
Contract liabilities are included within other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 that was included in the contract liability beginning balance of each year was $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Disaggregation of revenue The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by segment and by the timing of when goods and services are transferred which depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected. The following table provides information regarding revenues disaggregated by segment and the timing of when goods and services are transferred:
Shipping and handling costs All customer related shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are charged to cost of sales. Charges to customers for shipping and handling are credited to revenue. Warranty Reserve The Company provides a standard warranty on its GentleWave Systems for a specified period of time. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, GentleWave Systems sold were covered by the warranty for a period of up to two years from the date of sale. Estimated warranty costs are recorded as a liability at the time of delivery with a corresponding provision to cost of sales. Warranty accruals are estimated based on the current product costs, the Company’s historical experience, management’s expectations of future conditions and standard maintenance schedules. The Company evaluates this reserve on a regular basis and makes adjustments as necessary. The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in estimated warranty liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
The warranty liability, current and non-current, are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
Advertising Expense Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $1.0 million and $0.3 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Research and Development Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist of costs incurred for proprietary R&D programs and are recorded to operating expenses when incurred. Research and development expenses primarily include (1) personnel-related costs, including compensation and benefits and stock-based compensation associated with R&D personnel, (2) costs related to clinical and pre-clinical testing of the Company’s technologies under development, and (3) other R&D expenses. Costs to acquire technologies to be used in R&D that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use are also expensed as incurred. Stock-Based Compensation The Company periodically grants stock-based payment awards in the form of stock options to employees, directors and non-employees and records stock-based compensation expenses for awards of stock-based payments based on their estimated fair value at the grant date. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based payments, including stock options. Stock-based compensation costs are calculated based on the estimated fair value of the underlying option using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and recognized as expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related input assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the fair value of the Company’s common stock, stock price volatility, and expected term: • Prior to the Company's IPO, given the absence of a public trading market, the fair value of the Company’s common stock was determined by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) at the time of each option grant by considering a number of objective and subjective factors. These factors included the valuation of a select group of public peer group companies within the medical device industry that focus on technological advances and development that the Board believed was comparable to the Company’s operations; operating and financial performance; the lack of liquidity of the common stock and trends in the broader economy and medical device industry also impacted the determination of the fair value of the common stock. In addition, the Company regularly engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist with estimates related to the valuation of the Company’s common stock. For options and ESPP awards granted post-IPO, the fair value for its underlying common stock is determined using the closing price on the date of grant as reported on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”); • The risk-free interest rate used is based on the published U.S. Department of Treasury interest rates in effect at the time of stock option grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximating each grant’s expected term; • The dividend yield is zero as the Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the foreseeable future; • The expected term of "plain vanilla" options granted is calculated using the “simplified method” permitted by the SEC and represents the average time that options are expected to be outstanding based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term of the award; • Expected volatility is derived from the historical volatilities of the Company and a select group of comparable peer companies, for a look-back period commensurate with the expected term of the stock options, as the Company has limited trading history of its common stock and limited data regarding company‑specific historical or implied volatility of its share price. No compensation cost is recognized for awards with performance conditions until that condition is probable of being met. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The fair values of RSUs are determined based on the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. The fair values of all Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) purchase rights are estimated using Black-Scholes option-pricing model and require the input of subjective assumptions. Employee Retention Credit The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), enacted on March 27, 2020, provided emergency economic stimulus package and other reliefs as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Employee retention credit (“ERC”) is one of the reliefs that provides a refundable payroll tax credit that encouraged business to keep employees on the payroll during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ERC is based on wages and compensation paid by an eligible employer after March 12, 2020 and before January 1, 2021. The Company qualified as an eligible employer based on the Company's evaluation of this provision and the significant pandemic-related impacts to its operations in 2020 and 2021. As a result, an ERC of $4.4 million related to qualified wages paid to the employees in 2021 was recorded in other (expense) income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company received all of the $4.4 million payment of ERC in 2023. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Accordingly, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carryforwards. A valuation allowance related to a deferred tax asset is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Current income taxes are based on the year’s taxable income for federal and state income tax reporting purposes. The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered as deductions from future taxable income. The evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance is performed on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis and includes a review of all available positive and negative evidence. Factors reviewed include projections of pre-tax book income for the foreseeable future, determination of cumulative pre-tax book income after permanent differences, earnings history and reliability of forecasting. The Company is required to file federal and state income tax returns in the United States. The preparation of state tax returns requires the Company to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. The Company’s income tax returns are based on calculations and assumptions that are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. In addition, the calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. While the Company believes it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns, the Company regularly assesses the potential outcomes of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. The Company continually assesses the likelihood and amount of potential revisions and adjusts the income tax provision, income taxes payable and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known. The Company follows the accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute criteria for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. As applicable, the Company recognizes accrued penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to Company’s stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents to the extent they are dilutive. The pre-funded warrants are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing loss per share and are included in the calculation of basic and diluted shares outstanding. As applicable, for purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, stock options, rights to purchase shares of common stock under the ESPP and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share in periods when the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. Recent Accounting Updates Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates (“ASU”). ASU’s not listed below were assessed and determined not to be applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In October 2021, the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity (acquirer) to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. The Company early adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company will evaluate the impact for each business combination transaction completed hereafter. |