e10vk
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form 10-K
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(Mark one)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2010
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or
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period
from to
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Commission file number: 001-33801
APPROACH RESOURCES
INC.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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51-0424817
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(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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One Ridgmar Centre
6500 West Freeway, Suite 800
Fort Worth, Texas
(Address of principal
executive offices)
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76116
(Zip Code)
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Registrants telephone
number, including area code
(817) 989-9000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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Title of Each Class
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Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
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Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
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NASDAQ Global Select Market
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known
seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file
reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted
electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K
is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best
of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or
information statements incorporated by reference in
Part III of this
Form 10-K
or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in Rule
12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large
accelerated
filer o
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Accelerated
filer þ
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Non-accelerated
filer o
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Smaller reporting
company o
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(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 12b-2). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common
equity held by non-affiliates (excluding voting shares held by
officers and directors) as of June 30, 2010 was
$101.5 million. This amount is based on the closing price
of the registrants common stock on the NASDAQ Global
Select Market on that date.
The number of shares of the registrants common stock, par
value $0.01, outstanding as of March 10, 2011 was
28,434,194.
DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants proxy statement for its 2011
annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference in
Part III,
Items 10-14
of this report.
Certain exhibits previously filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission are incorporated by reference into
Part IV of this report.
APPROACH
RESOURCES INC.
Unless the context otherwise indicates, all references in
this report to Approach, the Company,
we, us, our or
ours are to Approach Resources Inc. and its
subsidiaries. Unless otherwise noted, (i) all information
in this report relating to oil and natural gas reserves and the
estimated future net cash flows attributable to reserves is
based on estimates and is net to our interest, and (ii) all
information in this report relating to oil and natural gas
production is net to our interest. Natural gas is converted
throughout this report at a rate of six Mcf of gas to one barrel
of oil equivalent. NGLs are converted throughout this report at
a rate of one barrel of NGLs to one barrel of oil equivalent. If
you are not familiar with the oil and gas terms or abbreviations
used in this report, please refer to the definitions of these
terms and abbreviations under the caption Glossary
at the end of Item 15 of this report.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
ii
Cautionary
Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Various statements in this report, including those that express
a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are
not statements of historical fact, are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities
Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). The
forward-looking statements may include projections and estimates
concerning the timing and success of specific projects, typical
well economics and our future reserves, production, revenues,
costs, income, capital spending,
3-D seismic
operations, interpretation and results and obtaining permits and
regulatory approvals. When used in this report, the words
will, believe, intend,
expect, may, should,
anticipate, could, estimate,
plan, predict, project,
potential or their negatives, other similar
expressions or the statements that include those words, are
intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not
all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words.
These forward-looking statements are largely based on our
expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by
our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best
judgment based on currently known market conditions and other
factors. Although we believe such estimates and assumptions to
be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a
number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control.
In addition, managements assumptions about future events
may prove to be inaccurate. We caution all readers that the
forward-looking statements contained in this report are not
guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any
reader that such statements will be realized or the
forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual
results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied
in the forward-looking statements due to the factors listed in
the Risk Factors section and elsewhere in this
report. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date
of this report. We expressly disclaim all responsibility to
publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements as a
result of new information, future events or otherwise. These
cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements
attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf. The risks,
contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters,
the following:
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our business strategy, including our ability to recover oil and
gas in place associated with our Wolffork oil resource play in
the Permian Basin;
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estimated quantities of oil, NGL and gas reserves;
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uncertainty of commodity prices in oil, gas and NGLs;
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overall United States and global economic and financial market
conditions;
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domestic and foreign demand and supply for oil, gas, NGLs and
the products derived from such hydrocarbons;
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disruption of credit and capital markets;
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our financial position;
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our cash flow and liquidity;
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replacing our oil and gas reserves;
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our inability to retain and attract key personnel;
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uncertainty regarding our future operating results;
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uncertainties in exploring for and producing oil and gas;
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high costs, shortages, delivery delays or unavailability of
drilling and completion, equipment, materials, labor or other
services;
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disruptions to, capacity constraints in or other limitations on
the pipeline systems that deliver our gas and NGLs and other
processing and transportation considerations;
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our inability to obtain additional financing necessary to fund
our operations and capital expenditures and to meet our other
obligations;
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competition in the oil and gas industry;
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marketing of oil, gas and NGLs;
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interpretation of
3-D seismic
data;
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development of our current asset base or property acquisitions;
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the effects of government regulation and permitting and other
legal requirements;
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plans, objectives, expectations and intentions contained in this
report that are not historical; and
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other factors discussed under Item 1A. Risk
Factors in this report.
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PART I
General
Approach Resources Inc. is an independent energy company engaged
in the exploration, development, production and acquisition of
oil and gas properties. We focus on oil and natural gas reserves
in oil shale and tight sands. Our management and technical team
has a proven track record of finding and developing reservoirs
through advanced completion, fracturing and drilling techniques.
Our core properties are primarily located in the Permian Basin
in West Texas (Clearfork, Wolfcamp Shale, Canyon Sands, Strawn
and Ellenburger). We also own interests in the East Texas Basin
(Cotton Valley Sands and Cotton Valley Lime) and in the Chama
Basin in Northern New Mexico (Mancos Shale). As the operator of
all of our estimated proved reserves and production, we have a
high degree of control over capital expenditures and other
operating matters.
At December 31, 2010, we had estimated proved oil and gas
reserves of 50.7 MMBoe. Important characteristics of our
proved reserves at December 31, 2010, include:
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51% oil and NGLs and 49% natural gas;
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51% proved developed;
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100% operated;
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Reserve life of over 30 years based on 2010 production of
1.6 MMBoe;
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Standardized after-tax measure of discounted future net cash
flows (Standardized Measure) of
$204.2 million; and
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PV-10 of
$325.8 million.
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PV-10 is our
estimate of the present value of future net revenues from proved
oil and gas reserves after deducting estimated production and ad
valorem taxes, future capital costs and operating expenses, but
before deducting any estimates for future income taxes.
Estimated future net revenues are discounted at an annual rate
of 10% to determine their present value.
PV-10 is a
non-GAAP, financial measure and generally differs from the
Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP
financial measure, because it does not include the effects of
income taxes on future cash flows.
PV-10 should
not be considered as an alternative to the Standardized Measure
as computed under GAAP. See Item 2.
Properties Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
for a reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
Standardized Measure.
Over 95% of our proved reserves and production at
December 31, 2010, were located in the Permian Basin in
Crockett and Schleicher Counties, Texas, where we owned working
interests in 548 producing oil and gas wells. At
December 31, 2010, we leased approximately 102,000 net
acres in the Permian Basin. No proved reserves had been recorded
for our Wolffork oil shale resource play in the Permian Basin as
of December 31, 2010. In addition to our producing wells,
we had an estimated 2,300 potential drilling locations in the
Permian Basin at December 31, 2010, of which 311 were
proved. We also had an estimated 480 potential Wolffork
recompletion opportunities in the Permian Basin, none of which
were proved. We owned working interests in nine producing gas
wells in the East Texas Basin, and have identified 23 proved
drilling locations in the East Texas Basin at December 31,
2010.
During 2010, we drilled a total of 91 gross (56.2 net)
wells in the Permian Basin with a 100% success rate. In 2010,
our production totaled 1,556 MBoe, or 4.3 MBoe/d, and
was 67% natural gas and 33% oil and NGLs.
We were incorporated in 2002. Our common stock began trading on
the NASDAQ Global Market in the United States under the symbol
AREX on November 8, 2007, and is now listed on
the NASDAQ Global Select Market (NASDAQ). Our
principal executive offices are located at One Ridgmar Centre,
6500 West Freeway, Suite 800, Fort Worth,
Texas 76116. Our telephone number is
(817) 989-9000.
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Business
Strategy
Our goal is to build long-term stockholder value by growing
reserves and production in a cost-efficient manner. To
accomplish our goal, we plan to carry out a balanced program of
(1) developing our core Permian Basin drilling inventory,
(2) evaluating and developing our Wolffork oil shale
resource play, (3) operating as a low-cost producer,
(4) completing strategic, complementary acquisitions and
(5) maintaining financial flexibility. The following are
key elements of our strategy:
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Continue to develop our low risk, multi-year drilling
inventory. Since 2004, we have been operating in
the Permian Basin, where we have drilled approximately
525 wells and, as of March 1, 2011, lease
approximately 133,000 net acres. Focusing on our Permian
Basin properties allows us to develop operating, technical and
regional expertise important to interpreting geological and
operating trends, enhancing production rates, maximizing well
recovery and building a low-risk, multi-year drilling inventory.
We believe we have a large inventory of low-risk drilling
locations that provide us the ability to continue to increase
production and reserves at a competitive cost. During 2010, we
drilled a total of 91 gross (56.2 net) wells in the Permian
Basin with a 100% success rate.
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Evaluate and develop our Wolffork oil shale resource
play. Our core properties, located in the Permian
Basin of West Texas, are characterized by stacked-pay,
development opportunities. In October 2010, we announced the
results of a detailed geological, petrophysical and engineering
study of the Wolfcamp Shale and Clearfork formations, which we
refer to together as the Wolffork, located across
our acreage position in the Permian Basin. We refer to our
Wolffork drilling program in the Permian Basin as Project
Pangea. We identified the Wolffork through extensive
regional mapping and whole-core data,
3-D seismic
data from over 135,000 acres and well data from over
400 wellbores that we drilled and completed while targeting
deeper zones. We plan to dedicate substantially all of our 2011
exploration and development drilling budget to the Wolffork oil
shale resource play as well as our traditional Canyon Sands
drilling.
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Operate our properties as a low-cost
producer. We strive to minimize our operating
costs by concentrating our assets within geographic areas where
we can consolidate operating control and thus create operating
efficiencies. We operate 100% of our reserve base and plan to
continue to operate a substantial portion of our producing
properties in the future. Operating control allows us to better
manage timing and risk as well as the cost of exploration and
development, drilling and ongoing operations.
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Acquire strategic, complementary assets. We
continually review opportunities to acquire producing
properties, undeveloped acreage and drilling prospects in our
existing core area in the Permian Basin. We focus particularly
on opportunities where we believe our operational efficiency,
reservoir management and geological expertise in unconventional
oil and gas properties will enhance value and performance. We
remain focused on unconventional resource opportunities, but
will also look at conventional opportunities based on individual
project economics.
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Maintain financial flexibility. Our financial
results depend on many factors, particularly the price of oil,
gas and NGLs. We believe in maintaining financial flexibility
given the volatility of these prices, fluctuation in drilling
and oilfield service costs and the risks involved in drilling.
During times of severe price declines, we may from time to time
reduce capital expenditures and curtail drilling in order to
preserve our financial flexibility and the net asset value of
our existing proved reserves. We believe that a strong balance
sheet and liquidity provide us with significant financial
flexibility to pursue our strategic and financial objectives.
Also, we may from time to time enter into commodity price swaps
and collars to partially mitigate the risk of commodity price
volatility.
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2010
Activity
During 2010, we drilled a total of 91 gross (56.2 net)
wells in the Permian Basin with a 100% success rate. Production
for 2010 totaled 1,556 MBoe (4.3 MBoe/d), compared to
1,468 MBoe (4 MBoe/d) in 2009, a 6% increase. Our
costs incurred in 2010 totaled $90 million, and included
$59.8 million for exploration and
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development drilling, $21.2 million, net of purchase price
adjustments, for the purchase of an additional working interest
in Cinco Terry and $9 million for acreage acquisitions in
the Permian Basin. Additional highlights for 2010 include:
Wolffork
Oil Shale Resource Play
We were founded in 2002 to explore and develop unconventional
oil and gas reservoirs at a competitive cost structure. In 2004,
we began to assemble underdeveloped acreage in the Permian Basin
and began a drilling program targeting the Canyon Sands, Strawn
and Ellenburger formations in 27,000 net acres. Since 2004,
we have drilled approximately 525 wells in the Permian
Basin and, as of March 1, 2011, we lease approximately
133,000 net acres in the Permian Basin. For a majority of
our wells, we collected more log data, including mud logs that
help identify hydrocarbon-bearing formations, than, based on our
operating experience in the area, we believe is typical for the
area where we operate. The log data indicated that hydrocarbons
were present in the Clearfork and Wolfcamp Shale formations
above the Canyon Sands, Strawn and Ellenburger zones.
In October 2010, we announced our Wolffork oil shale resource
play. We performed a detailed geological and petrophysical
evaluation using extensive regional mapping,
3-D seismic
data from over 135,000 acres, whole-core data and well data
from over 400 wellbores that we have drilled and completed
while targeting the Canyon Sands, Strawn and Ellenburger zones
at depths of 7,250 to 8,900 feet. The Wolffork is composed
of three stacked pay zones, the Clearfork, Dean and Wolfcamp
Shale formations, totaling more than 2,500 feet of
potential gross pay. We believe that the Wolffork oil shale
resource play will significantly enhance our opportunities in
the Permian Basin, and we plan to continue our pilot program
targeting the Wolffork in 2011 with a combination of vertical,
horizontal and recompletion projects.
Acquisition
of Acreage
We acquired approximately 41,500 gross (34,800 net) acres
in the Permian Basin in Crockett and Schleicher Counties, Texas,
during 2010. The acreage acquisitions joined our legacy asset in
the southeast part of Project Pangea, Ozona Northeast, to Cinco
Terry, in the northwest part of Project Pangea.
2010
Acquisition of Working Interest
In October 2010, we acquired a 10% working interest in Cinco
Terry from a non-operating partner for $21.2 million, net
of purchase price adjustments, which was funded with borrowings
under our revolving credit facility. We believe the acquisition
of additional interests in Cinco Terry increases our
opportunities in this area and enhances our leverage to the
reserve potential of the Wolffork oil shale resource play.
Proved
Reserve and Production Growth
In 2010, our estimated proved reserves increased 39%, or
14.2 MMBoe, to 50.7 MMBoe from 36.5 MMBoe, and
our production increased 6% to 4.3 MBoe/d. Planned
processing upgrades contributed to the increase in proved
reserves at year end 2010. On April 1, 2011, we will begin
realizing NGL revenues from the liquids-rich gas stream in Ozona
Northeast under a gas purchase and processing contract with DCP
Midstream, LP. See Item 1. Business
Markets and Customers. Development drilling and planned
processing upgrades in Cinco Terry, the acquisition of an
additional working interest in Cinco Terry and improved pricing
also contributed to the increase in proved reserves at
December 31, 2010. The increase in production is
attributable to our drilling program in the Permian Basin during
2010. On average, we operated three rigs in 2010, and drilled a
total of 91 gross (56.2 net) wells, with a 100% success
rate.
Balanced
Reserve Profile
Our proved reserve profile at year end 2010 was 51% oil and NGLs
and 49% natural gas, compared to 23% oil and NGLs and 77%
natural gas at year end 2009. During 2010, our proved oil and
NGL reserves increased over 200%, or 17.2 MMBbls, to
25.6 MMBbls from 8.4 MMBbls in 2009. Our increase in
proved
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oil and NGL reserves is primarily due to planned processing
upgrades in Ozona Northeast. On April 1, 2011, we will
begin realizing NGL revenues from the liquids-rich gas stream in
Ozona Northeast.
2010
Equity Offering
In November 2010, we completed an equity offering and issued an
aggregate of 6.6 million shares of our common stock at
$16.25 per share in an underwritten public offering (the
2010 Offering). After deducting underwriting
discounts and transaction costs of approximately
$5.7 million, we received net proceeds of approximately
$101.8 million, which we intend to use to fund our capital
expenditures for the Wolffork oil shale resource play, working
interest and leasehold acquisitions in the Permian Basin and
general working capital needs. Pending these uses, we used a
portion of the proceeds of the 2010 Offering to repay all
outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Additional
Working Interest Acquisition 2011
In February 2011, we acquired a 38% working interest in Cinco
Terry from two non-operating partners for $76 million,
subject to usual and customary post-closing adjustments (the
Working Interest Acquisition). The Working Interest
Acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under
our revolving credit facility. As a result of the Working
Interest Acquisition, our working and net revenue interests in
Cinco Terry are now approximately 100% and 76%, respectively.
Our 2010 results of operations do not include production,
revenues or costs from the Working Interest Acquisition.
Further, our year-end 2010 estimated proved reserves,
PV-10 and
Standardized Measure do not include estimated proved reserves
associated with the Working Interest Acquisition.
Plans for
2011
In November 2010, we announced a 2011 capital budget of
approximately $100 million. In January 2011, we acquired
approximately 10,900 contiguous, net acres approximately nine
miles west of our existing acreage in northeast Crockett County,
Texas. In addition, in March 2011, we announced the Working
Interest Acquisition for $76 million. Given our recent
activity, in March 2011 we increased our capital budget to
$220 million, of which approximately $130 million will
be allocated to drilling and recompletion projects in the
Permian Basin and approximately $90 million will be
allocated to the Working Interest Acquisition and lease
extensions, renewals and lease acquisitions in the Permian Basin.
The 2011 drilling program includes operating one rig to drill
11 gross (11 net) horizontal wells targeting the Wolfcamp
Shale, one rig to drill 19 gross (19 net) vertical wells
targeting the Wolffork and Canyon Sands, one rig to drill
26 gross (26 net) vertical wells targeting the Canyon Sands
(which we expect to recomplete in the Wolffork in 2012) and one
workover rig to recomplete 10 gross (10 net) wells in the
Wolffork. Our objectives for the 2011 drilling program include
delineating the Clearfork and Wolfcamp Shale zones across
Project Pangea, improving initial production rates by refining
our stimulation strategy, advancing our understanding of optimal
well spacing and hydrocarbon recovery and improving our cost
structure.
Our 2011 capital budget is subject to change depending upon a
number of factors, including additional data on our Wolffork oil
shale resource play, results of Wolfcamp Shale and Wolffork
drilling and recompletions, economic and industry conditions at
the time of drilling, prevailing and anticipated prices for oil,
gas and NGLs, the availability of sufficient capital resources
for drilling prospects, our financial results and the
availability of lease extensions and renewals on reasonable
terms.
Markets
and Customers
The revenues generated by our operations are highly dependent
upon the prices of, and supply and demand for, oil and gas. The
price we receive for our oil and gas production depends on
numerous factors beyond our control, including seasonality, the
condition of the domestic and global economies, particularly in
the manufacturing sectors, political conditions in other oil and
gas producing countries, the extent of domestic production and
imports of oil and gas, the proximity and capacity of gas
pipelines and other transportation facilities, supply and demand
for oil and gas, the marketing of competitive fuels and the
effects of federal,
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state and local regulation. The oil and gas industry also
competes with other industries in supplying the energy and fuel
requirements of industrial, commercial and individual consumers.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, Ozona Pipeline
Energy Company (Ozona Pipeline), Shell Trading
U.S. Company (Shell) and WTG Benedum/Belvan
Partners, LP (WTG) were our most significant
purchasers, accounting for approximately 34.3%, 32.4% and 31.8%,
respectively, of our total oil, NGL and gas sales for 2010,
excluding realized commodity derivative settlements. In
addition, in January 2011, we entered into an agreement with DCP
Midstream, LP to purchase natural gas and process NGLs from
Ozona Northeast after our agreement with Ozona Pipeline expires
on March 31, 2011.
Commodity
Derivative Activity
We enter into financial swaps and options to mitigate portions
of the risk of market price fluctuations related to future oil
and gas production.
All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value. Changes in the derivatives fair value are
currently recognized in the statement of operations unless
specific commodity derivative accounting criteria are met and
contracts have been designated as cash flow hedge instruments.
For qualifying cash-flow commodity derivatives, the gain or loss
on the derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive
income to the extent the commodity derivative is effective. The
ineffective portion of the commodity derivative is recognized
immediately in the statement of operations. Gains and losses on
commodity derivative instruments included in accumulated other
comprehensive income are reclassified to oil and gas sales
revenue in the period that the related production is delivered.
Derivative contracts that do not qualify for commodity
derivative accounting treatment are recorded as derivative
assets and liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet, and
the associated unrealized gains and losses are recorded as
current income or expense in the statement of operations.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow commodity derivatives. We record our open
derivative instruments at fair value on our consolidated balance
sheets as either unrealized gains or losses on commodity
derivatives. We record changes in such fair value in earnings on
our consolidated statements of operations under the caption
entitled unrealized gain (loss) on commodity
derivatives.
Title to
Properties
Our properties are subject to customary royalty interests, liens
incident to operating agreements, liens for current taxes and
other burdens, including other mineral encumbrances and
restrictions. We do not believe that any of these burdens
materially interfere with our use of the properties in the
operation of our business.
We believe that we have generally satisfactory title to or
rights in all of our producing properties. As is customary in
the oil and gas industry, we make a general investigation of
title at the time we acquire undeveloped properties. We receive
title opinions of counsel before we commence drilling
operations. We believe that we have satisfactory title to all of
our other assets. Although title to our properties is subject to
encumbrances in certain cases, we believe that none of these
burdens will materially detract from the value of our properties
or from our interest therein or will materially interfere with
our use of the properties in the operation of our business.
Competition
The oil and gas industry is highly competitive, and we compete
for prospective properties, producing properties, personnel and
services with a substantial number of other companies that have
greater resources. Many of these companies explore for, produce
and market oil and gas, carry on refining operations and market
the resultant products on a worldwide basis. The primary areas
in which we encounter substantial competition are in locating
and acquiring desirable leasehold acreage for our drilling and
development operations, locating and acquiring attractive
producing oil and gas properties, attracting highly-skilled
personnel and obtaining purchasers and transporters of the oil
and gas we produce. We also face competition from alternative
fuel
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sources, including coal, heating oil, imported LNG, nuclear and
other nonrenewable fuel sources, and renewable fuel sources such
as wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower and biomass. Competitive
conditions may also be substantially affected by various forms
of energy legislation
and/or
regulation considered from time to time by the United States
government. However, it is not possible to predict the nature of
any such legislation or regulation that may ultimately be
adopted or its effects upon our future operations. Such laws and
regulations may, however, substantially increase the costs of
exploring for, developing or producing oil and gas and may
prevent or delay the commencement or continuation of a given
operation. The effect of these risks cannot be accurately
predicted.
Regulation
The oil and gas industry in the United States is subject to
extensive regulation by federal, state and local authorities. At
the federal level, various federal rules, regulations and
procedures apply, including those issued by the United States
Department of Interior and the United States Department of
Transportation (Office of Pipeline Safety). At the state and
local level, various agencies and commissions regulate drilling,
production and midstream activities. These federal, state and
local authorities have various permitting, licensing and bonding
requirements. Various remedies are available for enforcement of
these federal, state and local rules, regulations and
procedures, including fines, penalties, revocation of permits
and licenses, actions affecting the value of leases, wells or
other assets, and suspension of production. As a result, there
can be no assurance that we will not incur liability for fines
and penalties or otherwise subject us to the various remedies as
are available to these federal, state and local authorities.
However, we believe that we are currently in material compliance
with these federal, state and local rules, regulations and
procedures.
Transportation
and Sale of Natural Gas
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
regulates interstate gas pipeline transportation rates and
service conditions. Although FERC does not regulate oil and gas
producers such as us, FERCs actions are intended to foster
increased competition within all phases of the oil and gas
industry and its regulation of third-party pipelines and
facilities could indirectly affect our ability to transport or
market our production. To date, FERCs policies have not
materially affected our business or operations. It is unclear
what impact, if any, future rules or increased competition
within the oil and gas industry will have on our sales efforts.
FERC or other federal or state regulatory agencies may consider
additional proposals or proceedings that might affect the oil
and gas industry. In addition, new legislation may affect the
industries and markets in which we operate. We cannot predict
when or if these proposals will become effective or any effect
they may have on our operations. We do not believe, however,
that any of these proposals will affect us any differently than
other oil and gas producers with which we compete.
Regulation
of Production
Oil and gas production is regulated under a wide range of
federal and state statutes, rules, orders and regulations. State
and federal statutes and regulations require permits for
drilling operations, drilling bonds and reports concerning
operations. The states in which we own and operate properties
have regulations governing conservation matters, including
provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil and gas
properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production
from oil and gas wells, the regulation of spacing, and
requirements for plugging and abandonment of wells. Also, each
state generally imposes an ad valorem, production or severance
tax with respect to production and sales of oil, NGLs and gas
within its jurisdiction.
Environmental
Regulations
In the United States, the exploration for and development of oil
and gas and the drilling and operation of wells, fields and
gathering systems are subject to extensive federal, state and
local laws and regulations
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governing environmental protection as well as discharge of
materials into the environment. These laws and regulations may,
among other things:
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require the acquisition of various permits before drilling
begins;
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require the installation of expensive pollution controls or
emissions monitoring equipment;
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restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various
substances that can be released into the environment in
connection with oil and gas drilling, completion, production,
transportation and processing activities;
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suspend, limit or prohibit construction, drilling and other
activities in certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands
and other protected areas; and
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require remedial measures to mitigate and remediate pollution
from historical and ongoing operations, such as the closure of
waste pits and plugging of abandoned wells.
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These laws, rules and regulations may also restrict the rate of
oil and gas production below the rate that would otherwise be
possible. The regulatory burden on the oil and gas industry
increases the cost of doing business in the industry and
consequently affects profitability.
Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance
with environmental laws, regulations and permits, and violations
are subject to injunction, as well as administrative, civil and
criminal penalties. The effects of existing and future laws and
regulations could have a material adverse impact on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. While
we believe that we are in substantial compliance with existing
environmental laws and regulations and that continued compliance
with current requirements would not have a material adverse
effect on us, there is no assurance that this will continue in
the future.
The following is a summary of some of the existing laws, rules
and regulations to which our business operations are subject.
Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) also known as the
Superfund law, and comparable state statutes impose strict
liability, and under certain circumstances, joint and several
liability, on classes of persons who are considered to be
responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the
environment. These persons include the owner or operator of the
site where the release occurred, and anyone who disposed or
arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance released at
the site. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to strict,
joint and several liabilities for the costs of cleaning up the
hazardous substances that have been released into the
environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs
of certain health studies. In addition, it is not uncommon for
neighboring landowners and other third-parties to file claims
for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the
hazardous substances released into the environment. While we
generate materials in the course of our operations that may be
regulated as hazardous substances, we have not received
notification that we may be potentially responsible for cleanup
costs under CERCLA.
Waste
Handling
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
and comparable state statutes, regulate the generation,
transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of
hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Under the auspices of the
federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the
individual states administer some or all of the provisions of
RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent
requirements. Drilling fluids, produced waters and most of the
other wastes associated with the exploration, development and
production of oil or gas are currently regulated under
RCRAs non-hazardous waste provisions. However, it is
possible that certain oil and gas exploration and production
wastes now classified as non-hazardous could be classified as
hazardous wastes in the future. Any such change could result in
an increase in our operating expenses, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
7
We currently own or lease, and have in the past owned or leased,
properties that for many years have been used for oil and gas
exploration, production and development activities. Although we
used operating and disposal practices that were standard in the
industry at the time, petroleum hydrocarbons or wastes may have
been disposed of or released on, under or from the properties
owned or leased by us or on, under or from other locations where
such wastes have been taken for disposal. In addition, some of
these properties have been operated by third parties whose
treatment and disposal or release of petroleum hydrocarbons and
wastes was not under our control. These properties and the
materials disposed or released on, at, under or from them may be
subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws. Under such
laws, we could be required to remove or remediate previously
disposed wastes or contamination, or to perform remedial
activities to prevent future contamination.
Air
Emissions
The federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws regulate
emissions of various air pollutants through air emissions
permitting programs and the imposition of other requirements. In
addition, the EPA has developed, and continues to develop,
stringent regulations governing emissions of hazardous and toxic
air pollutants at specified sources. These regulatory programs
may require us to obtain permits before beginning construction
on a new source of air emissions and may require us to reduce
emissions at existing facilities. As a result, we may be
required to incur increased capital and operating costs.
Additionally, federal and state regulatory agencies can impose
administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance
with air permits or other requirements of the federal Clean Air
Act and analogous state laws and regulations.
In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (the
Protocol) became effective. Pursuant to the
Protocol, adopting countries are required to implement national
programs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses
(GHGs), which are suspected of contributing to
global warming. The United States is not currently a participant
in the Protocol. However, Congress has considered legislation
directed at reducing GHG emissions and the EPA may be required
to regulate GHG emissions, and many states have already adopted
legislation or undertaken regulatory initiatives addressing GHG
emissions from various sources. The oil and gas industry is a
direct source of certain GHG emissions, namely carbon dioxide
and methane, and future restrictions on such emissions would
likely adversely impact our future business, financial condition
and results of operations.
In December 2010, the EPA enacted final rules on mandatory
reporting of GHGs. Under the final rules, owners or operators of
facilities that contain petroleum and natural gas systems and
emit 25,000 metric tons or more of GHGs per year (expressed as
carbon dioxide equivalent or
CO2E) will
be required to report emissions. Owners or operators are
required to collect emission data, calculate GHG emissions and
follow specified procedures for quality assurance, missing data,
recordkeeping and reporting. Our operations in the Permian Basin
are subject to the EPAs mandatory reporting rules. As a
result, we will be required to incur increased capital and
operating costs, although as of the date of this report we do
not expect these costs to be material.
At this time, although it is not possible to accurately estimate
how potential future laws or regulations addressing GHG
emissions would impact our business, passage of such laws or
regulation affecting areas in which we conduct business could
have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Water
Discharges
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean
Water Act, and analogous state laws, impose restrictions and
strict controls with respect to the discharge of pollutants,
including spills and leaks of oil and other substances into
regulated waters, including wetlands. The discharge of
pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in
accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or an
analogous state agency. Federal and state regulatory agencies
can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for
non-compliance with discharge permits or other requirements of
the Clean Water Act and analogous state laws and regulations.
8
The
Safe Drinking Water Act, Groundwater Protection and the
Underground Injection Control Program
The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SWDA) and the
Underground Injection Control program (the UIC
program) promulgated under the SWDA and state programs
regulate the drilling and operation of salt water disposal
wells. The EPA has delegated administration of the UIC program
in Texas to the Texas Railroad Commission. Permits must be
obtained before drilling salt water disposal permits, and casing
integrity monitoring must be conducted periodically to ensure
the casing is not leaking saltwater to groundwater.
Contamination of groundwater by oil and natural gas drilling,
production and related operations may result in fines, penalties
and remediation costs, among other sanctions and liabilities
under the SWDA and state laws. In addition, third party claims
may be filed by landowners and other parties claiming damages
for alternative water supplies, property damages and bodily
injury. We engage third parties to provide hydraulic fracturing
or other well stimulation services to us for many of the wells
that we drill and operate.
Threatened
and Endangered Species, Migratory Birds and Natural
Resources
Various state and federal statues prohibit certain actions that
adversely affect endangered or threatened species and their
habitat, migratory birds, wetlands and natural resources. These
statutes include the Endangered Species Act, the Migratory Bird
Treaty Act, the Clean Water Act and CERCLA. The United States
Fish and Wildlife Service may designate critical habitat and
suitable habitat areas that it believes are necessary for
survival of threatened or endangered species. A critical habitat
or suitable habitat designation could result in further material
restrictions to federal land use and private land use and could
delay or prohibit land access or development. Where takings of
or harm to species or damages to wetlands, habitat or natural
resources occur or may occur, government entities or at times
private parties may act to prevent oil and gas exploration
activities or seek damages for harm to species, habitat or
natural resources resulting from drilling or construction or
releases of oil, wastes, hazardous substances or other regulated
materials, and may seek natural resources damages and, in some
cases, criminal penalties.
OSHA
and Other Laws and Regulations
We are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational
Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and comparable state
statutes. The OSHA hazard communication standard, the EPA
community
right-to-know
regulations under Title III of CERCLA and similar state
statutes require that we organize
and/or
disclose information about hazardous materials used or produced
in our operations. We believe that we are in substantial
compliance with these applicable requirements and with other
OSHA and comparable requirements.
We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all
existing environmental laws and regulations that apply to our
current operations and that our ongoing compliance with existing
requirements will not have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition or results of operations. We did
not incur any material capital expenditures for remediation or
pollution control activities for the year ended
December 31, 2010. In addition, as of the date of this
report, we are not aware of any environmental issues or claims
that will require material capital or operating expenditures
during 2011. However, the passage of additional or more
stringent laws or regulations in the future could have a
negative effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operations, including our ability to develop our undeveloped
acreage. For example, see our discussion of regulatory
proceedings in New Mexico below.
State
and Local Regulations New Mexico
In April 2008, the Board of County Commissioners of Rio Arriba
County, New Mexico (the County) imposed a moratorium
on all oil and gas drilling on private lands the County, pending
the adoption of an ordinance that would regulate oil and gas
operations. The moratorium covered all of our El Vado East
prospect in the County. In May 2009, the Board of County
Commissioners lifted the moratorium and adopted a final oil and
gas drilling ordinance. The ordinance requires special use
permits for oil and gas operations in the eastern part of the
County where our El Vado East prospect is located.
Our mineral lease for El Vado East currently requires us to
drill a minimum of eight wells before the end of the primary
term of the lease, which originally was set to expire on
April 2, 2009. However, the drilling
9
moratorium, regulatory proceedings and an inability to obtain
permits delayed our drilling plans in El Vado East and,
accordingly, we have invoked our right to assert force
majeure under our mineral lease and extended the primary
term of the lease during the period of force majeure, up to a
maximum of four years past the original primary term, or
April 2, 2013.
In 2010, we received conditional permits for eight drilling
locations from the County. After the County denied a ninth
location, we filed a lawsuit in New Mexico state court
challenging the denial and have since reached a settlement with
the County to reverse its prior decision and grant a conditional
permit for a ninth location. The conditional permits require
that additional conditions be met and additional County approval
received before drilling can begin. In addition, we have
received notice from the State of New Mexico that public
hearings on requested proration units will be required for at
least two potential drilling locations in the County.
Assuming no further, unexpected delays in the permitting
process, we believe we will be able to satisfy our initial
drilling commitment before the end of the primary term as
extended by force majeure. However, our inability to timely meet
this drilling commitment or negotiate appropriate extensions
under the lease could result in the termination of the lease and
an impairment of our investment in El Vado East, the current
carrying value of which is $3.2 million.
Employees
At February 28, 2011, we had 55 full-time employees,
22 of whom are field personnel. We regularly use independent
contractors and consultants to perform various field and other
services. None of our employees are represented by a labor union
or covered by any collective bargaining agreement. We believe
that our relations with our employees are excellent.
Insurance
Matters
As is common in the oil and gas industry, we will not insure
fully against all risks associated with our business either
because such insurance is not available or because premium costs
are considered prohibitive. A loss not fully covered by
insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Available
Information
We maintain an internet website under the name
www.approachresources.com. The information on our website
is not a part of this report. We make available, free of charge,
on our website, our annual report on
Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q,
current reports on
Form 8-K
and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably
practicable after providing such reports to the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the SEC). Also, the charters of
our Audit Committee and Compensation and Nominating Committee,
and our Code of Conduct, are available on our website and in
print to any stockholder who provides a written request to the
Corporate Secretary at One Ridgmar Centre, 6500 West
Freeway, Suite 800, Fort Worth, Texas 76116.
We file annual reports on
Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q
and current reports on
Form 8-K,
proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the
Exchange Act. The public may read and copy any materials that we
file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at
100 F Street, NE, Washington DC 20549. The public may
obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room
by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330.
Also, the SEC maintains an internet website that contains
reports, proxy and information statements, and other information
regarding issuers, including Approach, that file electronically
with the SEC. The public can obtain any document we file with
the SEC at www.sec.gov. Information contained on or
connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into
this
Form 10-K
and should not be considered part of this report or any other
filing that we make with the SEC.
10
You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below
as well as the other information contained in this report before
investing in our common stock. Any of the following risks could
materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations. In such a case, you may
lose all or part of your investment. The risks described below
are not the only we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not
currently known to us or those we currently view to be
immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Risks
Related to the Oil and Natural Gas Industry and Our
Business
Our
future reserve and production growth is highly dependent on the
success of our Wolffork oil shale resource play, which has a
limited operational history and is subject to
change.
We began drilling wells in the Wolffork play only recently. The
wells that have been drilled or recompleted in these areas only
represent a very small sample of our large acreage position, and
we cannot assure you that our new vertical or horizontal wells
or recompletions of existing wells will be successful. As of
December 31, 2010, we had no proved reserves attributable
to this play. Accordingly, we have limited information on the
amount of reserves that will ultimately be recovered from our
Wolffork wells. Our drilling plans in the Wolffork are flexible
and depend on a number of factors, including the extent to which
our initial pilot wells are successful. The determination of
whether we continue to drill prospects in the Wolffork may,
among other things, depend on any one or a combination of the
following factors:
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our ability to determine the most effective and economic
fracture stimulation for the Wolffork play;
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changes in the estimates of costs to drill or complete wells;
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the extent of our success in drilling and completing horizontal
wells;
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our ability to reduce our exposure to costs and drilling
risks; and
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the costs and availability of drilling and completion services
and equipment, particularly fracture stimulation services and
equipment.
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We continue to gather data about our prospects in the Wolffork
play, and it is possible that additional information may cause
us to change our drilling schedule or determine that prospects
in some portion of our acreage position should not be developed
at all.
The
use of geoscientific, petrophysical and engineering analyses and
other technical or operating data to evaluate drilling prospects
is uncertain and does not guarantee drilling success or recovery
of economically producible reserves.
Our decisions to explore, develop and acquire prospects or
properties targeting Wolffork and other zones in the Permian
Basin and other areas depend on data obtained through
geoscientific, petrophysical and engineering analyses, the
results of which can be uncertain. Even when properly used and
interpreted, data from whole cores, regional well log analyses
and 3-D
seismic only assist our technical team in identifying
hydrocarbon indicators and subsurface structures and estimating
hydrocarbons in place. They do not allow us to know conclusively
the amount of hydrocarbons in place and if those hydrocarbons
are producible economically. In addition, the use of advanced
drilling and completion technologies for our Wolffork
development, such as horizontal drilling and multi-stage
fracture stimulations, requires greater expenditures than our
traditional development drilling strategies. Our ability to
commercially recover and produce the hydrocarbons that we
believe are in place and attributable to the Wolffork and other
zones will depend on the effective use of advanced drilling and
completion techniques, the scope of our drilling program (which
will be directly affected by the availability of capital),
drilling and production costs, availability of drilling and
completion services and equipment, drilling results, lease
expirations, regulatory approval and geological and mechanical
factors affecting recovery rates. Our estimates of unproved
reserves, estimated ultimate recoveries per well, hydrocarbons
in place and resource potential may change significantly as
development of our oil and gas assets provides additional data.
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Oil
and gas prices are volatile, and a decline in oil or gas prices
could significantly affect our business, financial condition and
results of operations and our ability to meet our capital
expenditure requirements and financial
commitments.
Our revenues, profitability and cash flow depend substantially
upon the prices and demand for oil and gas. The markets for
these commodities are volatile, and even relatively modest drops
in prices can affect significantly our financial results and
impede our growth. Prices for oil and gas fluctuate widely in
response to relatively minor changes in the supply and demand
for oil and gas, market uncertainty and a variety of additional
factors beyond our control, such as:
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domestic and foreign supply of oil and gas;
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domestic and foreign consumer demand for oil and gas;
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overall United States and global economic conditions;
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commodity processing, gathering and transportation availability
and the availability of refining capacity;
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price and availability of alternative fuels;
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price and quantity of foreign imports;
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domestic and foreign governmental regulations;
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political conditions in or affecting other gas producing and oil
producing countries;
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the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries to agree to and maintain oil price and
production controls;
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weather conditions, including unseasonably warm winter weather
and tropical storms; and
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technological advances affecting oil and gas consumption.
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Further, oil and gas prices do not necessarily fluctuate in
direct relationship to each other. Because 49% of our estimated
proved reserves as of December 31, 2010, were gas reserves,
our financial results are also sensitive to movements in gas
prices. Recent gas prices have been extremely volatile, and we
expect this volatility to continue. For example, from
January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, NYMEX natural
gas prices ranged from a high of $6.01 per MMBtu to a low of
$3.29 per MMBtu.
The results of higher investment in the exploration for and
production of oil and gas and other factors, such as global
economic and financial conditions discussed below, may cause the
price of oil and gas to fall. Lower oil and gas prices may not
only cause our revenues to decrease but also may reduce the
amount of oil and gas that we can produce economically.
Substantial decreases in oil and gas prices would render
uneconomic some or all of our drilling locations. This may
result in our having to make substantial downward adjustments to
our estimated proved reserves and could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations. Further, if oil, gas and NGL prices significantly
decline for an extended period of time, we may, among other
things, be unable to maintain or increase our borrowing
capacity, repay current or future debt or obtain additional
capital on attractive terms, all of which can affect the value
of our common stock.
A
substantial portion of our estimated proved reserves at
December 31, 2010, are NGLs. A decline in the price of NGLs
or a disruption in our ability to transport NGLs to a market
could materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
At December 31, 2010, 41% of our estimated proved reserves
were NGL reserves. Accordingly, our financial results are
sensitive to movements in NGL prices, which are impacted by,
among other things, NGL supply, transportation capacity of
midstream operators and demand for NGLs from downstream
processing facilities. In addition, NGLs can be subject to
curtailment in certain circumstances, such as pipeline
interruptions due to scheduled and unscheduled maintenance,
ability of downstream processing facilities to
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accept NGLs, physical damage to the gathering or transportation
system or lack of contracted capacity on such systems. The
curtailments arising from these and similar circumstances may
last from a few days to several months or longer, and in many
cases we are provided with limited, if any, notice as to when
these circumstances will arise and their duration.
Changes
in the differential between NYMEX or other benchmark prices of
oil and gas and the reference or regional index price used to
price our actual oil and gas sales could have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
The reference or regional index prices that we use to price our
oil and gas sales sometimes reflect a discount to the relevant
benchmark prices, such as NYMEX. The difference between the
benchmark price and the price we reference in our sales
contracts is called a differential. We cannot accurately predict
oil and gas differentials. Changes in differentials between the
benchmark price for oil and gas and the reference or regional
index price we reference in our sales contracts could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations and
financial condition.
Future
economic conditions in the U.S. and international markets could
materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
The U.S. and other world economies continue to experience
the effects of a global recession and credit market crisis. More
volatility may occur before a sustainable growth rate is
achieved either domestically or globally. Even if such growth
rate is achieved, such a rate may be lower than the
U.S. and international economies have experienced in the
past. Global economic growth drives demand for energy from all
sources, including fossil fuels. A lower, future economic growth
rate will result in decreased demand for our oil, gas and NGL
production and lower commodity prices, which will reduce our
cash flows from operations and our profitability.
Difficult
conditions in the credit and capital markets may limit our
ability to obtain funding under our current revolving credit
facility or other sources of debt or equity financing. The
inability to obtain funding could prevent us from meeting our
future capital needs to fund our development
program.
Credit and capital markets have experienced unprecedented
volatility and disruption. Although domestic markets continued
to recover in 2010, they may remain volatile and unpredictable,
particularly if weaker than expected economic growth persists.
We have a significant inventory of development properties that
will require substantial future investment. We will need
financing to fund these and other activities. Our future access
to capital could be limited if the credit or broader capital
markets are constrained. This could prevent or significantly
delay development of our assets.
Our
lenders can limit our borrowing capabilities, which may
materially impact our operations.
At December 31, 2010, we had no outstanding debt under our
revolving credit facility, and our borrowing base was
$150 million. At February 28, 2011, we had
$67 million outstanding under our revolving credit
facility, primarily as a result of financing the
$76 million Working Interest Acquisition. The borrowing
base under our revolving credit facility is redetermined
semi-annually based upon a number of factors, including
commodity prices and reserve levels. In addition to such
semi-annual redeterminations, our lenders may request one
additional redetermination during any
12-month
period. Upon a redetermination, our borrowing base could be
substantially reduced, and if the amount outstanding under our
credit facility at any time exceeds the borrowing base at such
time, we may be required to repay a portion of our outstanding
borrowings. We use cash flow from operations and bank borrowings
to fund our exploration, development and acquisition activities.
A reduction in our borrowing base could limit those activities.
In addition, we may significantly change our capital structure
to make future acquisitions or develop our properties. Changes
in capital structure may significantly increase our debt. If we
incur additional debt for these or other purposes, the related
risks that we now face could intensify. A higher level of debt
also increases the risk that we may default on our debt
obligations. Our ability to meet our debt obligations and to
reduce our level of debt
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depends on our future performance, which is affected by general
economic conditions and financial, business and other factors,
many of which are beyond our control.
Drilling
and exploring for, and producing, oil and gas are high risk
activities with many uncertainties that could adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Drilling and exploration are the main methods we use to replace
our reserves. However, drilling and exploration operations may
not result in any increases in reserves for various reasons.
Exploration activities involve numerous risks, including the
risk that no commercially productive oil or gas reservoirs will
be discovered. In addition, the future cost and timing of
drilling, completing and producing wells is often uncertain.
Furthermore, drilling operations may be curtailed, delayed or
canceled as a result of a variety of factors, including:
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reductions in oil and gas prices;
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limitations in the market for oil and gas;
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inadequate capital resources;
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unavailability or high cost of drilling and completion
equipment, materials or labor;
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compliance with governmental regulations;
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unexpected drilling conditions, pressure or irregularities in
formations, equipment failures or accidents;
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lack of acceptable prospective acreage;
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adverse weather conditions;
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surface access restrictions;
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title problems; and
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mechanical difficulties.
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Currently,
substantially all of our producing properties are located in two
counties in Texas, making us vulnerable to risks associated with
having our production concentrated in a small
area.
Substantially all of our producing properties and estimated
proved reserves are geographically concentrated in two counties
in Texas, Crockett and Schleicher. Our current production is
primarily attributable to two areas in Crockett and Schleicher
Counties, Ozona Northeast and the Angus field in Cinco Terry. As
a result of this concentration, we are disproportionately
exposed to the natural decline of production from these fields,
and particularly Ozona Northeast, as well as the impact of
delays or interruptions of production from these wells caused by
significant governmental regulation, transportation capacity
constraints, curtailments of production, natural disasters,
interruption of transportation of gas produced from the wells in
these areas or other events that impact these areas.
Potential
identified drilling locations that we decide to drill may not
yield oil or gas in commercially viable quantities and are
susceptible to uncertainties that could materially alter the
occurrence or timing of their drilling.
Our drilling locations are in various stages of evaluation,
ranging from locations that are ready to be drilled to locations
that will require substantial additional evaluation and
interpretation. There is no way to predict before drilling and
testing whether any particular drilling location will yield oil
or gas in sufficient quantities to recover drilling or
completion costs or to be economically viable. The use of
seismic data and other technologies and the study of producing
fields in the same area will not enable us to know conclusively
before drilling whether oil or gas will be present or, if
present, whether oil or gas will be present in commercial
quantities. The analysis that we perform may not be useful in
predicting the characteristics and potential reserves associated
with our drilling locations. As a result, we may not find
commercially viable quantities of oil and gas.
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Our potential drilling locations represent a significant part of
our growth strategy. Our ability to drill and develop these
locations depends on a number of factors, including oil and gas
prices, costs and availability of drilling and completion
services and equipment, the availability of capital, seasonal
conditions, regulatory approvals and drilling results. Because
of these uncertainties, we do not know when the drilling
locations we have identified will be drilled or if they will
ever be drilled or if we will be able to produce oil or gas from
these or any proved drilling locations. As such, our actual
drilling activities may be materially different from those
presently identified, which could adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Unless
we replace our oil and gas reserves, our reserves and production
will decline.
Our future oil and gas production depends on our success in
finding or acquiring additional reserves. If we fail to replace
reserves through drilling or acquisitions, our level of
production and cash flows will be adversely affected. In
general, production from oil and gas properties declines as
reserves are depleted, with the rate of decline depending on
reservoir characteristics. Our total proved reserves will
decline as reserves are produced unless we conduct other
successful exploration and development activities or acquire
properties containing proved reserves, or both. Our ability to
make the necessary capital investment to maintain or expand our
asset base of oil and gas reserves would be limited to the
extent cash flow from operations is reduced and external sources
of capital become limited or unavailable. We may not be
successful in exploring for, developing or acquiring additional
reserves.
Our
actual production, revenues and expenditures related to our
reserves are likely to differ from our estimates of our proved
reserves. We may experience production that is less than
estimated and drilling costs that are greater than estimated in
our reserve reports. These differences may be
material.
The proved oil, NGL and gas reserve data included in this report
are estimates. Petroleum engineering is a subjective process of
estimating underground accumulations of oil and gas that cannot
be measured in an exact manner. Estimates of economically
recoverable oil, NGL and gas reserves and of future net cash
flows necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and
assumptions, including:
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historical production from the area compared with production
from other similar producing areas;
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the assumed effects of regulations by governmental agencies;
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assumptions concerning future oil, NGL and gas prices; and
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assumptions concerning future operating costs, severance and
excise taxes, development costs and workover and remedial costs.
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Because all reserve estimates are to some degree subjective,
each of the following items may differ materially from those
assumed in estimating proved reserves:
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the quantities of oil, NGL and gas that are ultimately recovered;
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the production and operating costs incurred;
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the amount and timing of future development
expenditures; and
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future oil, NGL and gas prices.
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As of December 31, 2010, approximately 49% of our proved
reserves were proved undeveloped. Estimates of proved
undeveloped reserves are even less reliable than estimates of
proved developed reserves. Furthermore, different reserve
engineers may make different estimates of reserves and future
net revenues based on the same available data. Our actual
production, revenues and expenditures with respect to reserves
will likely be different from estimates and the differences may
be material. The
PV-10
included in this report should not be considered as the current
market value of the estimated oil and gas reserves attributable
to our properties.
PV-10 is
based on the average of the closing price on the first day of
the month for the
12-month
period prior to fiscal year end, while actual future prices and
costs may be materially higher or lower. If natural gas, oil and
NGL prices decline by 10% from $4.38 per MMBtu, $79.40 per Bbl
of oil and $39.25 per
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Bbl of NGLs to $3.94 per MMBtu, $71.46 per Bbl of oil and $35.33
per Bbl of NGLs, then our
PV-10 as of
December 31, 2010, would decrease from $325.8 million
to $263 million. The average market price received for our
production for the month of December 2010 was $4.31 per Mcf
(after basis differential and Btu adjustments), $85.05 per Bbl
of oil and $45.85 per Bbl of NGLs.
Actual future net revenues also will be affected by factors such
as:
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the amount and timing of actual production;
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supply and demand for oil and gas;
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increases or decreases in consumption; and
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changes in governmental regulations or taxation.
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The
unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs, equipment,
materials, personnel and oilfield services could adversely
affect our ability to execute our exploration and development
plans on a timely basis and within our budget.
Our industry is cyclical and, from time to time, there is a
shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies or qualified
personnel. During these periods, the costs and delivery times of
rigs, equipment and supplies are substantially greater. In
addition, the demand for, and wage rates of, qualified drilling
and completion crews rise as the number of active rigs in
service increases. Increasing levels of exploration and
production will increase the demand for oilfield services, and
the costs of these services may increase, while the quality of
these services may suffer. Our primary area of operation, the
Permian Basin, is currently experiencing increased demand for
fracture stimulation materials, crews and services and the
availability of such crews, materials and services has been
severely restricted. If the availability of fracture stimulation
crews, materials and services in the Permian Basin remains
particularly severe, our business, results of operations and
financial condition could be materially and adversely affected
because our operations and properties are concentrated in the
Permian Basin.
We
have leases and options for undeveloped acreage that may expire
in the near future.
As of December 31, 2010, we held mineral leases or options
in each of our areas of operations that are still within their
original lease term and are not currently held by production.
Unless we establish commercial production on the properties
subject to these leases, most of these leases will expire
between 2011 and 2015. If these leases or options expire, we
will lose our right to develop the related properties. See
Item 2. Properties Undeveloped Acreage
Expirations for a table summarizing the expiration
schedule of our undeveloped acreage over the next three years.
Competition
in the oil and gas industry is intense, and many of our
competitors have resources that are greater than
ours.
We operate in a highly competitive environment for acquiring
prospects and productive properties, marketing oil and gas and
securing equipment and trained personnel. Many of our
competitors are major and large independent oil and gas
companies that possess and employ financial, technical and
personnel resources substantially greater than ours. Those
companies may be able to develop and acquire more prospects and
productive properties than our financial or personnel resources
permit. Our ability to acquire additional prospects and discover
reserves in the future will depend on our ability to evaluate
and select suitable properties and consummate transactions in a
highly competitive environment. Also, there is substantial
competition for capital available for investment in the oil and
gas industry. Larger competitors may be better able to withstand
sustained periods of unsuccessful drilling and absorb the burden
of changes in laws and regulations more easily than we can,
which would adversely affect our competitive position. We may
not be able to compete successfully in the future in acquiring
prospective reserves, developing reserves, marketing
hydrocarbons, attracting and retaining quality personnel and
raising additional capital.
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Our
customer base is concentrated, and the loss of our key customers
could, therefore, adversely affect our financial
results.
In 2010, Ozona Pipeline, Shell and WTG accounted for
approximately 34.3%, 32.4% and 31.8%, respectively, of our total
oil, NGL and gas sales, excluding realized commodity derivative
settlements. In addition, in January 2011, we entered into an
agreement with DCP Midstream LP to purchase gas and process NGLs
from Ozona Northeast when our agreement with Ozona Pipeline
expires, which will be March 31, 2011. To the extent that
any of our major purchasers reduces their purchases in gas or
oil or defaults on their obligations to us, we would be
adversely affected unless we were able to make comparably
favorable arrangements with other customers. These
purchasers default or non-performance could be caused by
factors beyond our control. A default could occur as a result of
circumstances relating directly to one or more of these
customers, or due to circumstances related to other market
participants with which the customer has a direct or indirect
relationship.
We
depend on our management team and other key personnel.
Accordingly, the loss of any of these individuals could
adversely affect our business, financial condition and the
results of operations and future growth.
Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and
efforts of our management team and other key personnel. The loss
of the services of one or more members of our senior management
team or of our other employees with critical skills needed to
operate our business could have a negative effect on our
business, financial condition, results of operations and future
growth. In January 2011, we entered into amended and restated
employment agreements with J. Ross Craft, P.E., our President
and Chief Executive Officer; and Steven P. Smart, our Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and new employment
agreements with J. Curtis Henderson, our Executive Vice
President and General Counsel; Qingming Yang, our Executive Vice
President Business Development and Geosciences; and
Ralph P. Manoushagian, our Executive Vice President
Land. If any of these officers or other key personnel resign or
become unable to continue in their present roles and are not
adequately replaced, our business operations could be materially
adversely affected. Our ability to manage our growth, if any,
will require us to continue to train, motivate and manage our
employees and to attract, motivate and retain additional
qualified personnel. Competition for these types of personnel is
intense, and we may not be successful in attracting,
assimilating and retaining the personnel required to grow and
operate our business profitably.
We
have three affiliated stockholders who, together with our board
and management, have a 24.4% interest in our company, whose
interests may differ from your interests and who will be able to
control or substantially influence the outcome of matters voted
upon by our stockholders.
At December 31, 2010, Yorktown Energy Partners V,
L.P., Yorktown Energy Partners VI, L.P. and Yorktown Energy
Partners VII, L.P. (collectively Yorktown), which
are under common management, beneficially owned approximately
14.6% of our outstanding common stock in the aggregate, together
with a Yorktown representative who serves on our board of
directors. In addition, our non-Yorktown directors and
management team beneficially own or control approximately 9.8%
of our common stock outstanding. As a result of this ownership
and control, Yorktown, together with our board and management,
has the ability to control or substantially influence the vote
in any election of directors. Yorktown, together with our board
and management, also has control or substantial influence over
our decisions to enter into significant corporate transactions
and, in their capacity as our majority stockholders, these
stockholders may have the ability to effectively block any
transactions that they do not believe are in Yorktowns or
managements best interest. As a result, Yorktown, together
with our board and management, is able to control, directly or
indirectly and subject to applicable law, or substantially
influence all matters affecting us, including the following:
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any determination with respect to our business direction and
policies, including the appointment and removal of officers;
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any determinations with respect to mergers, business
combinations or dispositions of assets;
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our capital structure;
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compensation, equity programs and other human resources policy
decisions;
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changes to other agreements that may adversely affect
us; and
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the payment, or nonpayment, of dividends on our common stock.
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Yorktown, together with our board and management, also may have
an interest in pursuing transactions that, in their judgment,
enhance the value of their respective equity investments in our
company, even though those transactions may involve risks to you
as a minority stockholder. In addition, circumstances could
arise under which their interests could be in conflict with the
interests of our other stockholders or you, a minority
stockholder. Also, Yorktown and their affiliates have and may in
the future make significant investments in other companies, some
of which may be competitors. Yorktown and its affiliates are not
obligated to advise us of any investment or business
opportunities of which they are aware, and they are not
restricted or prohibited from competing with us.
We
have renounced any interest in specified business opportunities,
and certain members of our board of directors and certain of our
stockholders generally have no obligation to offer us those
opportunities.
In accordance with Delaware law, we have renounced any interest
or expectancy in any business opportunity, transaction or other
matter in which our outside directors and certain of our
stockholders, each referred to as a Designated Party,
participates or desires to participate in that involves any
aspect of the exploration and production business in the oil and
industry. If any such business opportunity is presented to a
Designated Party who also serves as a member of our board of
directors, the Designated Party has no obligation to communicate
or offer that opportunity to us, and the Designated Party may
pursue the opportunity as he sees fit, unless:
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it was presented to the Designated Party solely in that
persons capacity as a director of our company and with
respect to which, at the time of such presentment, no other
Designated Party has independently received notice of or
otherwise identified the business opportunity; or
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the opportunity was identified by the Designated Party solely
through the disclosure of information by or on behalf of us.
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As a result of this renunciation, our outside directors should
not be deemed to have breached any fiduciary duty to us if they
or their affiliates or associates pursue opportunities as
described above and our future competitive position and growth
potential could be adversely affected.
We are
subject to complex governmental laws and regulations that may
adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing
business.
Our operations and facilities are subject to extensive federal,
state and local laws and regulations relating to the exploration
for, and the development, production and transportation of, oil
and gas, operating safety and protection of the environment,
including those relating to air emissions, wastewater
discharges, land use, storage and disposal of wastes and
remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Future laws or
regulations, any adverse changes in the interpretation of
existing laws and regulations or our failure to comply with
existing legal requirements may harm our business, results of
operations and financial condition. We may encounter reductions
in reserves or be required to make large and unanticipated
capital expenditures to comply with governmental laws and
regulations, such as:
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price control;
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taxation;
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lease permit restrictions;
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drilling bonds and other financial responsibility requirements,
such as plug and abandonment bonds;
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spacing of wells;
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unitization and pooling of properties;
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safety precautions; and
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permitting requirements.
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Under these laws and regulations, we could be liable for:
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personal injuries;
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property and natural resource damages;
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well reclamation costs, soil and groundwater remediation
costs; and
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governmental sanctions, such as fines and penalties.
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Our operations could be significantly delayed or curtailed, and
our cost of operations could significantly increase as a result
of environmental safety and other regulatory requirements or
restrictions. We are unable to predict the ultimate cost of
compliance with these requirements or their effect on our
operations. We may be unable to obtain all necessary licenses,
permits, approvals and certificates for proposed projects.
Intricate and changing environmental and other regulatory
requirements may require substantial expenditures to obtain and
maintain permits. If a project is unable to function as planned,
for example, due to costly or changing requirements or local
opposition, it may create expensive delays, extended periods of
non-operation or significant loss of value in a project. See
Item 1. Business Regulation.
Environmental
laws and regulations may expose us to significant costs and
liabilities.
There is inherent risk of incurring significant environmental
costs and liabilities in our oil and gas operations due to the
handling of petroleum hydrocarbons and generated wastes, the
occurrence of air emissions and water discharges from
work-related activities and the legacy of pollution from
historical industry operations and waste disposal practices. We
may incur joint and several or strict liability under these
environmental laws and regulations in connection with spills,
leaks or releases of petroleum hydrocarbons and wastes on, under
or from our properties and facilities, many of which have been
used for exploration, production or development activities for
many years, oftentimes by third parties not under our control.
Private parties, including the owners of properties upon which
we conduct drilling and production activities as well as
facilities where our petroleum hydrocarbons or wastes are taken
for reclamation or disposal, may also have the right to pursue
legal actions to enforce compliance as well as to seek damages
for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations or
for personal injury or property damage. In addition, changes in
environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any
such changes that result in more stringent and costly waste
handling, storage, transport, disposal or remediation
requirements could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. We may
not be able to recover some or any of these costs from
insurance. See Item 1., Business
Regulation.
Climate
change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of GHGs
could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for
the oil and gas we produce.
Both houses of Congress have actively considered legislation to
reduce emissions of GHGs, and many states have already taken
measures to reduce emissions of GHGs, primarily through the
planned development of GHG emission inventories
and/or
regional GHG cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade
programs require either major sources of emissions or major
producers of fuels to acquire and surrender emission allowances,
with the number of allowances available for purchase reduced
each year until the overall GHG emission reduction goal is
achieved. These allowances are expected to escalate
significantly in cost over time. Any law that may be adopted to
restrict or reduce emissions of GHGs could have an adverse
effect on demand for the oil and gas that we produce.
In December 2009, the EPA published its findings that GHGs
present an endangerment to public health and the environment
because emissions of such gasses are, according to the EPA,
contributing to the warming of the earths atmosphere and
other climate changes. These findings allow the EPA to adopt and
implement regulations that would restrict emissions of GHGs
under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act. The EPA
has adopted two sets of regulations under the Clean Air Act
pertaining to GHGs. The first limits
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emissions of GHGs from motor vehicles beginning with the 2012
model year. The EPA has asserted that these final motor vehicle
GHG emission standards trigger Clean Air Act construction and
operating permit requirements for stationary sources, commencing
when the motor vehicle standards took effect in January 2011. In
June 2010, the EPA published its final rule to address the
permitting of GHG emissions from stationary sources under the
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and
Title V permitting programs. This rule tailors
these permitting programs to apply to certain stationary sources
of GHG emissions in a multi-step process, with the largest
sources first subject to permitting. It is widely expected that
facilities required to obtain PSD permits for their GHG
emissions also will be required to reduce those emissions
according to best available control technology
standards for GHGs that have yet to be developed. The EPAs
rules and regulations regarding GHGs could have an adverse
effect on demand for the oil and gas that we produce.
In December 2010, the EPA enacted final rules on mandatory
reporting of GHGs. Under the final rules, owners or operators of
facilities that contain petroleum and natural gas systems and
emit 25,000 metric tons or more of GHGs per year (expressed as
carbon dioxide equivalent or
CO2E) from
processing operations, stationary combustion, miscellaneous use
of carbonates and other source categories will report GHG
emissions from all source categories located at the facility for
which emission calculation methods are defined in the rule.
Beginning in 2011, operators are required to collect emission
data, calculate GHG emissions and follow specified procedures
for quality assurance, missing data, recordkeeping and
reporting. Our operations in the Permian Basin are subject to
the EPAs mandatory reporting rules. As a result, we will
be required to incur increased capital and operating costs to
monitor and report GHG emissions.
Federal,
state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives relating
to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and
additional operating restrictions or delays in our production of
oil and gas and lower returns on our capital
investments.
Bills were introduced in the previous U.S. Congress to
regulate hydraulic fracturing operations and related injection
of fracturing fluids and propping agents used in fracturing
fluids by the oil and natural gas industry under the federal
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and to require the
disclosure of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process
under the SDWA, Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know
Act (EPCRA) or other authority. Hydraulic fracturing
is an important and commonly used process in the completion of
unconventional oil and natural gas wells in shale and tight sand
formations. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of
water, sand and chemicals under pressure into rock formations to
stimulate oil and natural gas production. We engage third
parties to provide hydraulic fracturing or other well
stimulation services to us for many of the wells that we drill
and operate. Sponsors of such bills have asserted that chemicals
used in the fracturing process could adversely affect drinking
water supplies, surface waters, and other natural resources, and
threaten health and safety. In addition, in March 2010, the EPA
announced its intention to conduct a comprehensive research
study on the potential adverse impacts that hydraulic fracturing
may have on water quality and public health and, in February
2011, the EPA issued a draft study plan on hydraulic fracturing.
Certain states have also considered or imposed reporting
obligations relating to the use of hydraulic fracturing
techniques.
Additional legislation or regulation could make it easier for
parties opposing the hydraulic fracturing process to initiate
legal proceedings based on allegations that specific chemicals
used in the fracturing process could adversely affect
groundwater. There has also been increasing public controversy
regarding hydraulic fracturing with regard to use of fracturing
fluids, impacts on drinking water supplies, use of water and the
potential for impacts to surface water, groundwater and the
environment generally. A number of lawsuits and enforcement
actions have been initiated in Texas and other states
implicating hydraulic fracturing practices.
Legislation, regulation, litigation and enforcement actions at
the federal, state or local level that restrict the provision of
hydraulic fracturing services could limit the availability and
raise the cost of such services, delay completion of new wells
and production of our oil and gas, lower our return on capital
expenditures and have a material adverse impact on our business,
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and
quantities of oil and gas reserves that may be economically
produced.
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Changes
in tax laws may adversely affect our results of operations and
cash flows.
President Obamas Proposed Fiscal Year 2011 and 2012
Budgets include proposed legislation that would, if enacted into
law, make significant changes to U.S. tax laws, including
the elimination of certain key United States federal income tax
incentives currently available to oil and gas exploration and
production companies. These changes include, but are not limited
to:
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repeal of the percentage depletion allowance for oil and gas
properties;
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elimination of current deductions for intangible drilling costs;
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elimination of the domestic manufacturing deduction for oil and
gas companies; and
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extension of the amortization period for certain geological and
geophysical expenditures.
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It is unclear whether any such changes will be enacted or how
soon any such changes could become effective. The passage of any
legislation as a result of these proposals or any other similar
changes in U.S. federal income tax laws could eliminate or
otherwise limit certain tax deductions that are currently
available with respect to oil and gas exploration and
development, and any such change could negatively impact our
financial condition and results of operations.
The
adoption and implementation of new statutory and regulatory
requirements for derivative transactions could have an adverse
impact on our ability to hedge risks associated with our
business.
The U.S. Congress has passed, and the President has signed
into law, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). The Dodd-Frank Act
provides for new statutory and regulatory requirements for
derivative transactions, including oil and gas hedging
transactions. Certain transactions will be required to be
cleared on exchanges, and cash collateral will be required for
these transactions. The Dodd-Frank Act provides for a potential
exception from these clearing and cash collateral requirements
for commercial end-users, and it includes a number of defined
terms that will be used in determining how this exception
applies to particular derivative transactions and to the parties
to those transactions. The Dodd-Frank Act requires the SEC and
the Commodities Futures and Trading Commission
(CFTC) to promulgate rules to define these terms in
detail, and in December 2010, the SEC and CFTC proposed such
rules.
We enter into financial swaps and options from time to time in
order to hedge against commodity price uncertainty and enhance
the predictability of cash flows from oil and gas sales.
Depending on the rules and definitions ultimately adopted by the
SEC and CFTC, we might in the future be required to provide cash
collateral for our commodities hedging transactions. Posting of
cash collateral could cause significant liquidity issues for us
by reducing our ability to use our cash for capital expenditures
or other corporate purposes. A requirement to post cash
collateral could therefore significantly reduce our ability to
execute strategic hedges to reduce commodity price uncertainty
and thus protect cash flows.
We are at risk until the SEC and CFTC adopt final rules and
definitions that confirm that companies such as ourselves are
not required to post cash collateral for our derivative hedging
contracts. In addition, even if we are not required to post cash
collateral for our derivative contracts, the banks and other
derivatives dealers who are our contractual counterparties will
be required to comply with the Dodd-Frank Acts new
requirements, and the costs of their compliance will likely be
passed on to customers such as ourselves, thus decreasing the
benefits to us of hedging transactions and reducing our
profitability.
Operating
hazards, natural disasters or other interruptions of our
operations could result in potential liabilities, which may not
be fully covered by our insurance.
The oil and gas business involves certain operating hazards such
as:
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well blowouts;
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cratering;
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explosions;
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uncontrollable flows of gas, oil or well fluids;
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fires;
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pollution; and
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releases of toxic gas.
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The occurrence of one of the above may result in injury, loss of
life, suspension of operations, environmental damage and
remediation
and/or
governmental investigations and penalties.
In addition, our operations in Texas are especially susceptible
to damage from natural disasters such as tornados and involve
increased risks of personal injury, property damage and
marketing interruptions. Any of these operating hazards could
cause serious injuries, fatalities or property damage, which
could expose us to liabilities. The payment of any of these
liabilities could reduce, or even eliminate, the funds available
for exploration, development and acquisition, or could result in
a loss of our properties. Consistent with insurance coverage
generally available to the industry, our insurance policies
provide limited coverage for losses or liabilities relating to
pollution, with broader coverage for sudden and accidental
occurrences. Our insurance might be inadequate to cover our
liabilities. The insurance market in general and the energy
insurance market in particular have been difficult markets over
the past several years. Insurance costs are expected to continue
to increase over the next few years and we may decrease coverage
and retain more risk to mitigate future cost increases. If we
incur substantial liability and the damages are not covered by
insurance or are in excess of policy limits, or if we incur
liability at a time when we are not able to obtain liability
insurance, then our business, results of operations and
financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Our
results are subject to quarterly and seasonal
fluctuations.
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and
could be negatively impacted in the future as a result of a
number of factors, including:
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seasonal variations in oil, NGL and gas prices;
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variations in levels of production; and
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the completion of exploration and production projects.
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Market
conditions or transportation impediments may hinder our access
to oil, NGL and gas markets or delay our
production.
Market conditions and the unavailability of satisfactory oil and
gas processing and transportation may hinder our access to oil
and gas markets or delay our production. Although currently we
control the gathering system operations for some of our
production in the Permian Basin, we do not have such control
over the regional or downstream pipelines in the Permian Basin
or in other areas where we operate or expect to conduct
operations. The availability of a ready market for our oil, NGL
and gas production depends on a number of factors, including the
demand for and supply of oil, NGLs and gas and the proximity of
reserves to pipelines or trucking and terminal facilities. In
addition, the amount of oil, NGLs and gas that can be produced
and sold is subject to curtailment in certain circumstances,
such as pipeline interruptions due to scheduled and unscheduled
maintenance, excessive pressure, ability of downstream
processing facilities to accept unprocessed gas, physical damage
to the gathering or transportation system or lack of contracted
capacity on such systems. The curtailments arising from these
and similar circumstances may last from a few days to several
months, and in many cases we are provided with limited, if any,
notice as to when these circumstances will arise and their
duration. As a result, we may not be able to sell, or may have
to transport by more expensive means, the oil, NGL and gas
production from wells or we may be required to shut in oil or
gas wells or delay initial production until the necessary
gathering and transportation systems are available. Any
significant curtailment in gathering system or pipeline
capacity, or significant delay in construction of
22
necessary gathering and transportation facilities, could
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Our
growth strategy could fail or present unanticipated problems for
our business in the future, which could adversely affect our
ability to make acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits of
those acquisitions.
Our growth strategy includes acquiring oil and gas businesses
and properties. We may not be able to identify suitable
acquisition opportunities or finance and complete any particular
acquisition successfully. Furthermore, acquisitions involve a
number of risks and challenges, including:
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diversion of managements attention;
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the need to integrate acquired operations;
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potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies;
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potential lack of operating experience in a geographic market of
the acquired business; and
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an increase in our expenses and working capital requirements.
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Any of these factors could adversely affect our ability to
achieve anticipated levels of cash flows from the acquired
businesses or realize other anticipated benefits of those
acquisitions.
Joint
drilling ventures and similar arrangements could expose us to
risks.
As the operator in a joint drilling venture, we could be exposed
to a risk of loss if a non-operating participant fails to meet
its obligations to fund its portion of the drilling and
operating costs as agreed under a joint operating or other
applicable agreement. In addition, as a non-operator in a joint
drilling venture, we could have limited or no ability to
influence or control the future development of non-operated
properties or the amount of capital expenditures that we are
required to fund. The failure of an operator to adequately
perform operations, an operators breach of the applicable
agreements or an operators failure to act in ways that are
in our best interest could reduce our production and revenues
and increase our capital expenditures and operating costs. If we
are a non-operator, our dependence on an operator and our
limited ability to influence or control operations and future
development could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
Severe
weather could have a material adverse impact on our
business.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by
severe weather. Repercussions of severe weather conditions may
include:
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curtailment of services;
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weather-related damage to drilling rigs, resulting in suspension
of operations;
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weather-related damage to our producing wells or facilities;
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inability to deliver materials to jobsites in accordance with
contract schedules; and
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loss of production.
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A
terrorist attack or armed conflict could harm our
business.
Terrorist activities, anti-terrorist efforts and other armed
conflict involving the United States may adversely affect the
United States and global economies and could prevent us from
meeting our financial and other obligations. If any of these
events occurs or escalates, the resulting political instability
and societal disruption could reduce overall demand for oil and
gas, potentially putting downward pressure on demand for our
services and causing a reduction in our revenue. Oil and gas
related facilities could be direct targets for terrorist
attacks, and our operations could be adversely impacted if
significant infrastructure or facilities we use for the
production, transportation or marketing of our oil and gas
production are destroyed or damaged.
23
Costs for insurance and other security may increase as a result
of these threats, and some insurance coverage may become
difficult to obtain, if available at all.
Risks
Related to Our Financial Condition
We
will require additional capital to fund our future activities.
If we fail to obtain additional capital, we may not be able to
fully implement our business plan, which could lead to a decline
in reserves.
We depend on our ability to obtain financing beyond our cash
flow from operations. Historically, we have financed our
business plan and operations primarily with internally generated
cash flows, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and
issuances of common stock. We also require capital to fund our
exploration and development budget. As of December 31,
2010, approximately 49% of our total estimated proved reserves
were proved undeveloped. Recovery of such reserves will require
significant capital expenditures and successful drilling
operations. According to our year-end 2010 reserve report, the
estimated capital required to develop our current proved
developed and proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves is
$259 million. We will be required to meet our needs from
our internally-generated cash flows, debt financings and equity
financings.
If our revenues decrease as a result of lower commodity prices,
operating difficulties, declines in reserves or for any other
reason, we may have limited ability to obtain the capital
necessary to sustain our operations at current levels. We may,
from time to time, need to seek additional financing. Our
revolving credit facility contains covenants restricting our
ability to incur additional indebtedness without lender consent.
There can be no assurance that our bank lenders will provide
this consent or as to the availability or terms of any
additional financing. If we incur additional debt, the related
risks that we now face could intensify.
Even if additional capital is needed, we may not be able to
obtain debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us, or at
all. If cash generated by operations and available under our
revolving credit facility is not sufficient to meet our capital
requirements, the failure to obtain additional financing could
result in a curtailment of our operations relating to
exploration and development of our projects, which in turn could
lead to a possible loss of properties and a decline in our oil
and gas reserves.
Our
bank lenders can limit our borrowing capabilities, which may
materially impact our operations.
At December 31, 2010, we had no outstanding borrowings
under our revolving credit facility, and our borrowing base was
$150 million. At February 28, 2011, we had
$67 million in outstanding borrowings under our revolving
credit facility, primarily as a result of financing the
$76 million Working Interest Acquisition. The borrowing
base under our revolving credit facility is redetermined
semi-annually. Redeterminations are based upon information
contained in an annual reserves report prepared by an
independent petroleum engineering firm and a mid-year report
prepared by our own engineers. In addition, as is typical in the
oil and gas industry, our bank lenders have substantial
flexibility to reduce our borrowing base on the basis of
subjective factors. Upon a redetermination, we could be required
to repay a portion of our outstanding borrowings, including the
amount of all unpaid reimbursement obligations, to the extent
such amounts exceed the redetermined borrowing base. We may not
have sufficient funds to make such required repayment, which
could result in a default under the terms of the revolving
credit facility and an acceleration of the loan. We intend to
finance our development, exploration and acquisition activities
with cash flow from operations, borrowings under our revolving
credit facility and other financing activities. In addition, we
may significantly alter our capital structure to make future
acquisitions or develop our properties. Changes in our capital
structure may significantly increase our level of debt. If we
incur additional debt for these or other purposes, the related
risks that we now face could intensify. A higher debt level also
increases the risk that we may default on our debt obligations.
Our ability to meet our debt obligations and to reduce our level
of debt depends on our future performance which will be affected
by general economic conditions and financial, business and other
factors. Many of these factors are beyond our control. Our level
of debt affects our operations in several important ways,
including the following:
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a portion of our cash flow from operations is used to pay
interest on borrowings;
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24
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the covenants contained in the agreements governing our debt
limit our ability to borrow additional funds, pay dividends,
dispose of assets or issue shares of preferred stock and
otherwise may affect our flexibility in planning for, and
reacting to, changes in business conditions;
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a high level of debt may impair our ability to obtain additional
financing in the future for working capital, capital
expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes;
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a leveraged financial position would make us more vulnerable to
economic downturns and could limit our ability to withstand
competitive pressures; and
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any debt that we incur under our revolving credit facility will
be at variable rates which makes us vulnerable to increases in
interest rates.
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We
engage in commodity derivative transactions which involve risks
that can harm our business.
To manage our exposure to price risks in the marketing of our
gas production, we enter into gas price and basis differential
commodity derivative agreements. While intended to reduce the
effects of volatile gas prices and basis differentials, such
transactions may limit our potential gains and increase our
potential losses if gas prices were to rise substantially over
the price established by the commodity derivative, or if the
basis spread changes substantially from the basis differential
established by the commodity derivative. In addition, such
transactions may expose us to the risk of loss in certain
circumstances, including instances in which our production is
less than expected, there is a widening of price differentials
between delivery points for our production and the delivery
point assumed in the commodity derivative arrangement or the
counterparties to the commodity derivative agreements fail to
perform under the contracts. In addition, as discussed above in
this Item 1A. Risk Factors, proposed
legislation relating to derivatives transactions may restrict
our ability to execute transactions to protect against risks of
fluctuating commodity prices.
Risks
Related to Our Common Stock
The
price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which
could negatively affect us and holders of our common
stock.
The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate
significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which
are beyond our control. For instance, if our financial or
operating results, particularly related to the development of
our Wolffork play, are below the expectations of securities
analysts and investors, the market price of our common stock
could decrease significantly. Other factors that may affect the
market price of our common stock include:
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announcements relating to significant corporate transactions;
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fluctuations in our quarterly and annual financial or operating
results;
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operating and stock price performance of companies that
investors deem comparable to us; and
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changes in government regulation or proposals relating to us.
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In addition, the U.S. securities markets have recently
experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. These
fluctuations often have been unrelated to the operating
performance of companies in these markets. Market fluctuations
and broad market, economic and industry factors may negatively
affect the price of our common stock, regardless of our
operating performance. Any volatility of or a significant
decrease in the market price of our common stock could also
negatively affect our ability to make acquisitions using common
stock. Further, if we were to be the object of securities class
action litigation as a result of volatility in our common stock
price or for other reasons, it could result in substantial costs
and diversion of our managements attention and resources,
which could adversely affect our business financial results and
results of operations.
25
Common
stockholders will be diluted if additional shares are
issued.
In our initial public offering in November 2007, we sold
8.8 million shares of common stock to repay borrowings
outstanding on our revolving credit facility, repurchase
2 million shares of common stock from a selling stockholder
and acquire the 30% working interest in Ozona Northeast that we
did not already own. In November 2010, we sold 6.6 million
shares of common stock. We intend to use proceeds from the 2010
Offering to fund our capital expenditures for the Wolffork oil
shale resources play, working interest and leasehold
acquisitions in the Permian Basin and general working capital
needs. Pending these uses, we used a portion of the proceeds to
repay all outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit
facility. We may issue additional shares of common stock,
preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, rights, units and
debt securities for general corporate purposes, including
repayment or refinancing of borrowings, working capital, capital
expenditures, investments and acquisitions. We continue to
actively seek to expand our business through complementary or
strategic acquisitions of assets, and we may issue shares of
common stock in connection with those acquisitions. We also
issue restricted stock to our executive officers, employees and
independent directors as part of their compensation. If we issue
additional shares of our common stock in the future, it may have
a dilutive effect on our current outstanding stockholders.
Because
we have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock, investors
must look solely to stock appreciation for a return on their
investment in us.
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common
stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain
all future earnings to fund the development and growth of our
business. Any payment of future dividends will be at the
discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among
other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital
requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual
restrictions applying to the payment of dividends and other
considerations that our board of directors deems relevant.
Covenants contained in our revolving credit facility restrict
the payment of dividends. Investors must rely on sales of their
common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as
the only way to realize a return on their investment. Investors
seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.
The
equity trading markets may be volatile, which could result in
losses for our stockholders.
The equity trading markets may experience periods of volatility,
which could result in highly variable and unpredictable pricing
of equity securities. The market price of our common stock could
change in ways that may or may not be related to our business,
our industry or our operating performance and financial
condition.
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Item 1B.
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Unresolved
Staff Comments.
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As of the date of this filing, we have no unresolved comments
from the staff of the SEC.
26
The following map is an overview of our operating areas and the
geologic basins where we operated in Texas at March 1, 2011.
The following table is a summary of data for our operating areas
for the year ended December 31, 2010.
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Average
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Daily
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Total
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Percentage
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Proved
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Percentage
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Production
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Production
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of
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Reserves
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of Proved
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Operating Area
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(Boe/d)
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(MBoe)
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Production
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(MBoe)
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Reserves
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Permian Basin
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4.2
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1,520
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98
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%
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48,277
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95
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%
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East Texas Basin
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0.1
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36
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2
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%
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2,438
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5
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%
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Total
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4.3
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1,556
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100
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%
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50,715
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100
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%
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Permian
Basin Project Pangea and Pangea West
Clearfork,
Wolfcamp, Canyon Sands, Strawn and Ellenburger
Our properties in the Permian Basin are located in Crockett and
Schleicher Counties, Texas. We began operations in the Permian
Basin through a farm-in agreement for 27,000 net acres in
2004, and have since increased our total acreage position to
approximately 153,000 gross (133,000 net) acres as of
March 1, 2011. At December 31, 2010, we owned
interests in approximately 548 gross (482.2 net) wells, all
of which we operate. As of December 31, 2010, we had
working and net revenue interests of approximately 100% and 79%,
respectively, in our southeast Permian operations, or Ozona
Northeast, and 62% and 47%, respectively, in our northwest
Permian operations, or Cinco Terry. At December 31, 2010,
our average working and net revenue interests across our Permian
operations were approximately 88% and 68%, respectively.
27
Since we began drilling our Permian Basin properties in 2004, we
have primarily produced our reserves from the Canyon Sands,
Strawn and Ellenburger formations at depths ranging from
7,250 feet to 8,900 feet. The Canyon Sands were
deposited in submarine fan and are tight sandstone reservoirs
characterized by low permeability. We use a specialized foamed
fracture stimulation treatment to increase permeability, which
enhances production rates and well recovery. The Strawn
formation is a fractured carbonate reservoir between the Canyon
Sands and Ellenburger zones. The Ellenburger formation is a
fractured carbonate and dolomite reservoir that does not require
a specialized fracture stimulation treatment.
As of December 31, 2010, we had estimated proved reserves
of 48.3 MMBoe in the Permian Basin, composed of 53% oil and
NGLs and 47% natural gas. Our Permian proved reserves increased
42%, and oil and NGL proved reserves increased 204%, over
year-end 2009. Planned processing contributed to the increase in
proved reserves at year end 2010. On April 1, 2011, we will
begin realizing NGL revenues from the gas stream in Ozona
Northeast. Development drilling and planned processing upgrades
in Cinco Terry, acquisition of an additional working interest in
Cinco Terry and improved pricing also contributed to the
increase in proved reserves at December 31, 2010.
During 2010 in the Permian Basin, we incurred $59.8 million
to drill 91 gross (56.2 net) wells, of which five gross
(3.5 net) wells were waiting on completion at December 31,
2010. At December 31, 2010, we estimate that we had
approximately 2,300 drilling locations in inventory, including
311 proved locations in the Permian Basin targeting the
Wolffork, Canyon Sands and deeper zones. We also estimate that
we had an additional 480 recompletion opportunities in the
Permian Basin, targeting the Wolffork zones, none of which were
proved.
Wolffork
Oil Shale Resource Play
As mentioned above, since we began drilling our Permian Basin
properties in 2004, we have primarily produced our reserves from
the Canyon Sands, Strawn and Ellenburger formations at depths
ranging from 7,250 feet to 8,900 feet. While we
targeted these deeper zones, we collected log data, including
mud logs that indicate the presence of hydrocarbons in the
Clearfork and Wolfcamp Shale formations, or
Wolffork, above the Canyon Sands, Strawn and
Ellenburger zones.
We performed a detailed geological and petrophysical evaluation
of the Wolffork formations using logs,
3-D seismic,
whole core data and regional mapping. The Wolffork is composed
of three stacked pay zones, the Clearfork, Dean and Wolfcamp
Shale formations with combined gross pay thickness of
approximately 2,500 feet. We believe Wolfcamp Shale is a
source rock with significant potential for hydrocarbons, located
in the
oil-to-wet
gas window across our Permian acreage position, and is naturally
fractured due to its proximity to the Ouachita-Marathon thrust
belt and mineralogy, specifically the carbonate and quartz
minerals. The Wolfcamp Shale has gross pay thickness of
approximately 1,000 feet across our acreage position. The
Clearfork formation across our acreage position is a siltstone,
shale and carbonate reservoir approximately 1,400 feet
thick. Similarly, the Dean formation, which is approximately
150 feet thick, is a siltstone, shale and carbonate
reservoir. The Wolffork formations were deposited across Project
Pangea by debris flow and turbidite processes.
We recompleted three wells in the Wolfcamp Shale and drilled one
well and commingled production from the Canyon Sands and
Wolfcamp Shale, in a four-well, initial pilot program. In
addition, in March 2011, we announced results from a second
pilot phase with three vertical Canyon/Wolffork wells and two
vertical recompletions in the Wolfcamp Shale. We plan to
continue our pilot program in 2011 with a combination of
vertical, horizontal and recompletion projects.
In February 2011, we acquired an additional 38% working interest
in Cinco Terry from two non-operating partners for
$76 million, subject to usual and customary post-closing
adjustments. The Working Interest Acquisition was funded with
cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
As a result of the Working Interest Acquisition, our working and
net revenue interests in Cinco Terry are 100% and 76%,
respectively, and our approximate average working and net
revenue interests across our Permian Basin operations are 100%
and 78%, respectively.
28
Our estimated proved reserves at December 31, 2010, do not
include estimated proved reserves attributable to our Wolffork
oil shale resource play or the Working Interest Acquisition.
East
Texas Basin North Bald Prairie
Cotton
Valley Sands and Cotton Valley Lime
In July 2007, we entered into a joint drilling venture with
EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (EnCana) in
Limestone and Robertson Counties, Texas, in the East Texas
Cotton Valley trend. We began drilling operations in August
2007. As of December 31, 2010, we had drilled and completed
11 gross wells, including one well completed as a saltwater
disposal well. We have a 50% working interest and approximately
40% net revenue interest in the approximately 7,100 gross
(4,400 net) acre project. As of December 31, 2010, we had
estimated proved reserves of 14.6 Bcf in North Bald
Prairie. Average daily production in 2010 was
0.6 MMcf/d,
or a total of 218 MMcf.
Our primary targets in North Bald Prairie are the Cotton Valley
Sands and Cotton Valley Lime, and we have identified 23 proved
drilling locations as of December 31, 2010. These are all
unconventional tight gas formations where we believe we can
apply our geological, technical and operational expertise to
improve production and recovery rates. Secondary targets include
the shallower Rodessa, Pettit and Travis Peak formations.
We currently have no rigs running in North Bald Prairie. As
previously reported, in December 2008, EnCana notified us that
it was exercising its right to become the operator of record for
joint interest wells in North Bald Prairie under the carry and
earning agreement between the parties. We have continued to
remain the operator of record pending payment by EnCana of joint
interest billings owed to us under the joint operating agreement
(the JOA). In July 2009, our operating subsidiary
filed a lawsuit against EnCana for failure to pay joint interest
billings under the JOA. This proceeding is described in more
detail in Part I, Item 3, Legal
Proceedings, and Note 9 to our consolidated financial
statements in this report. The JOA allows either party to
propose wells in the drilling project. In addition, we have
re-leased or renewed approximately 2,700 net acres in the
project at working interests of 100% as such acreage has expired
or come up for renewal, and EnCana has elected not to
participate in such leases. We will continue to monitor natural
gas prices and offset acreage development to determine when to
resume drilling in North Bald Prairie.
Northern
New Mexico El Vado East
Mancos
Shale
Our El Vado East prospect is an approximately 90,300 gross
(79,800 net) acre Mancos Shale play located in the Chama
Basin in Northern New Mexico in proximity to several productive
fields, including the Puerto Chiquito West, Puerto Chiquito East
and Boulder fields. Our primary objective in El Vado East is the
Mancos Shale at 2,000 to 3,000 feet. The Mancos Shale is an
organic-rich, Upper Cretaceous marine shale. We have a 90%
working interest and a net revenue interest of approximately 72%
in our El Vado East prospect. At December 31, 2010, we had
no proved reserves recorded for El Vado East.
Since Rio Arriba County imposed a moratorium on permits for new
oil and gas development on private lands in the County in April
2008, regulatory proceedings and an inability to timely obtain
permits have delayed our drilling plans in El Vado East. In May
2009, the County lifted the drilling moratorium and enacted an
oil and gas ordinance regulating oil and gas operations on
private lands in the County. In addition to obtaining permits to
drill from the State of New Mexico, we are now required to
obtain special use permits from the County for drilling
locations in El Vado East. The force majeure
provisions of our mineral lease for El Vado East provide that if
our drilling operations are delayed or prevented as a result of
a governmental or regulatory order or by failure to obtain
permits, then our commitments under the lease, including our
initial drilling commitment of eight wells, will be extended for
the period of force majeure, as long as the primary term of the
lease is not extended by more than four years, or April 2013. We
have invoked our right to assert force majeure under the lease.
See Item 1. Business
Regulation New Mexico for additional
information on our New Mexico lease and the delays in drilling
in New Mexico.
29
Southwest
Kentucky Boomerang
New
Albany Shale
Our Boomerang prospect is an approximately 67,700 gross
(40,400 net) acre New Albany Shale play located in
Southwest Kentucky in the Illinois Basin. We have a 60% working
interest and a net revenue interest of approximately 50%. Our
primary objective in the Boomerang project is the New Albany
Shale, at approximately 1,500 feet to 2,000 feet. The
New Albany Shale is an organic-rich geologic formation of
Devonian and Mississippian age.
We review our long-lived assets to be held and used, including
proved and unproved oil and gas properties, accounted for under
the successful efforts method of accounting. Based on the review
of the recoverability of the carrying value of our unproved
properties in Boomerang, we determined that we may not be able
to recover costs associated with this project, and therefore
have recorded an impairment expense of $2.6 million,
related to all of our remaining carrying costs in this project.
At December 31, 2010, we had no estimated proved reserves
recorded for Boomerang. Acreage amounts in this report exclude
Boomerang.
Proved
Oil and Gas Reserves
The following table sets forth summary information regarding our
estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2010. See
Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements in this
report for additional information. Our estimated total proved
reserves of oil, NGLs and natural gas as of December 31,
2010, were 50.7 MMBoe, composed of 51% oil, condensate and
NGLs and 49% natural gas. The proved developed portion of total
proved reserves at year end 2010 was 51%. We determined the
barrel of oil equivalent using the ratio of six Mcf of natural
gas to one barrel of oil equivalent, and one barrel of NGLs to
one barrel of oil equivalent.
Summary
of Oil and Gas Reserves as of Fiscal-Year End
Based on Average Fiscal-Year Prices
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Reserves
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Oil
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NGLs
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Natural Gas
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Total
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Percent
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Reserves Category
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(MBbls)
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(MBbls)
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(MMcf)
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(MBoe)
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(%)
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Proved Developed
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
2,146
|
|
|
|
11,193
|
|
|
|
73,208
|
|
|
|
25,540
|
|
|
|
50.4
|
%
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,531
|
|
|
|
255
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
Proved Undeveloped
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
2,805
|
|
|
|
9,506
|
|
|
|
62,555
|
|
|
|
22,737
|
|
|
|
44.8
|
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,095
|
|
|
|
2,183
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL PROVED RESERVES
|
|
|
4,951
|
|
|
|
20,699
|
|
|
|
150,389
|
|
|
|
50,715
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth our estimated proved reserves,
PV-10 and a
reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
Standardized Measure at December 31, 2010. Our reserve
estimates and our calculation of Standardized Measure and
PV-10 are
based on the
12-month
average of the
first-day-of-the-month
pricing of $4.38 per MMBtu Henry Hub spot natural gas price,
$79.40 per Bbl West Texas Intermediate posted oil price and
30
$39.25 per Bbl received for NGLs during 2010. All prices were
adjusted for energy content, quality and basis differentials by
area and were held constant through the lives of the properties.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
NGLs
|
|
|
Gas
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Area
|
|
(MBbls)
|
|
|
(MBbls)
|
|
|
(MMcf)
|
|
|
(MBoe)
|
|
|
PV-10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
4,951
|
|
|
|
20,699
|
|
|
|
135,762
|
|
|
|
48,277
|
|
|
$
|
327.0
|
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,626
|
|
|
|
2,438
|
|
|
|
(1.2
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,951
|
|
|
|
20,699
|
|
|
|
150,388
|
|
|
|
50,715
|
|
|
$
|
325.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present value of future income tax discounted at 10%
|
|
|
(121.6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
204.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PV-10 is our
estimate of the present value of future net revenues from proved
oil and gas reserves after deducting estimated production and ad
valorem taxes, future capital costs and operating expenses, but
before deducting any estimates of future income taxes.
PV-10 is a
non-GAAP, financial measure and generally differs from the
Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP
financial measure, because it does not include the effects of
income taxes on future cash flows.
PV-10 should
not be considered as an alternative to the Standardized Measure
as computed under GAAP.
We believe
PV-10 to be
an important measure for evaluating the relative significance of
our oil and gas properties and that the presentation of the
non-GAAP financial measure of
PV-10
provides useful information to investors because it is widely
used by professional analysts and sophisticated investors in
evaluating oil and gas companies. Because there are many unique
factors that can impact an individual company when estimating
the amount of future income taxes to be paid, we believe the use
of a pre-tax measure is valuable for evaluating our company. We
believe that most other companies in the oil and gas industry
calculate
PV-10 on the
same basis.
Changes
to Proved Reserves
The following table sets forth the changes in our proved reserve
volumes by operating area during the year ended
December 31, 2010 (in MBoe).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions
|
|
|
Purchases
|
|
|
Revisions to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
of Minerals
|
|
|
Previous
|
|
Operating Area
|
|
Production
|
|
|
Discoveries
|
|
|
in Place
|
|
|
Estimates
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
(1,520
|
)
|
|
|
3,773
|
|
|
|
1,958
|
|
|
|
10,159
|
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(107
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
(1,556
|
)
|
|
|
3,773
|
|
|
|
1,958
|
|
|
|
10,052
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production. During 2010, we produced
1,556 MBoe (4.3 MBoe/d). Production volumes of
1,556 MBoe include two months of production from our
acquisition of an additional 10% working interest in Cinco Terry
from a non-operating partner in October 2010.
Extensions and discoveries. Extensions and
discoveries primarily resulted from our development drilling in
Cinco Terry and Ozona Northeast.
Purchases of Minerals in Place. Purchases of
minerals in place are primarily due to the acquisition of a 10%
working interest in Cinco Terry from a non-operating partner.
Revisions to Previous Estimates. Revisions to
previous estimates are primarily attributable to 9.2 MMBoe
of positive revisions due to planned processing upgrades on
April 1, 2011. At that time, we will begin realizing NGL
revenues from the gas stream in Ozona Northeast. Revisions to
previous estimates also include 1.1 MMBoe of positive
revisions resulting from an increase in the prices for oil, gas
and NGLs,
31
partially offset by 0.2 MMBoe of negative revisions
resulting from performance evaluations of Permian Basin and East
Texas Basin wells.
Preparation
of Proved Reserves Estimates
Internal
Controls Over Preparation of Proved Reserves Estimates
Our policies regarding internal controls over the recording of
reserve estimates require reserve estimates to be in compliance
with SEC rules, regulations and guidance and prepared in
accordance with Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and
Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information (Revision as of
February 19, 2007) promulgated by the Society of
Petroleum Engineers (SPE standards). Our proved
reserves are estimated at the property level and compiled for
reporting purposes by our corporate reservoir engineering staff,
all of whom are independent of our operations team. We maintain
our internal evaluations of our reserves in a secure reserve
engineering database. The corporate reservoir engineering staff
interacts with our internal staff of operations engineers and
geoscience professionals and with accounting employees to obtain
the necessary data for the reserves estimation process. Our
internal professional staff works closely with our external
engineers to ensure the integrity, accuracy and timeliness of
data that is furnished to them for their reserve estimation
process. All of the reserve information maintained in our secure
reserve engineering database is provided to the external
engineers. In addition, other pertinent data is provided such as
seismic information, geologic maps, well logs, production tests,
material balance calculations, well performance data, operating
procedures and relevant economic criteria. We make available all
information requested, including our pertinent personnel, to the
external engineers as part of their evaluation of our reserves.
Our Manger of Reservoir Engineering, John J. Marting, P.E., is
the individual responsible for overseeing the preparation of our
reserve estimates and for internal compliance of our reserve
estimates with SEC rules, regulations and SPE standards.
Mr. Marting has a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum
Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Missouri-Rolla
and over 30 years of industry experience. Mr. Marting
reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer. Our senior
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, reviews our reserves estimates before these
estimates are finalized and disclosed in a public filing or
presentation. Our Chief Executive Officer, J. Ross Craft, P.E.,
is a licensed Professional Engineer with a Bachelor of Science
Degree in Petroleum Engineering from Texas A&M University
and over 30 years of industry experience. Our Chief
Financial Officer, Steven P. Smart, is a licensed Certified
Public Accountant with over 30 years of industry experience.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, we
engaged DeGolyer and MacNaughton, independent petroleum
engineers, to prepare independent estimates of the extent and
value of the proved reserves associated with certain of our oil
and gas properties. See Third Party Reports below for
further information regarding DeGolyer and MacNaughtons
report.
Technologies
Used in Preparation of Proved Reserves Estimates
Estimates of reserves were prepared in compliance with SEC
rules, regulations and guidance and SPE standards. The method or
combination of methods used in the analysis of each reservoir
was tempered by experience with similar reservoirs, stage of
development, quality and completeness of basic data and
production history.
When applicable, the volumetric method was used to estimate the
original oil in place (OOIP) and the original gas in
place (OGIP). Structure and isopach maps were
constructed to estimate reservoir volume. Electrical logs,
radioactivity logs, core analyses and other available data were
used to prepare these maps as well as to estimate representative
values for porosity and water saturation. When adequate data
were available and when circumstances justified, material
balance and other engineering methods were used to estimate OOIP
or OGIP.
Estimates of ultimate recovery were obtained after applying
recovery factors to OOIP or OGIP. These recovery factors were
based on consideration of the type of energy inherent in the
reservoirs, analyses of the petroleum, the structural positions
of the properties and the production histories. When applicable,
material
32
balance and other engineering methods were used to estimate
recovery factors. An analysis of reservoir performance,
including production rate, reservoir pressure and gas-oil ratio
behavior, was used in the estimation of reserves.
Because our proved reserves are located in depletion-type
reservoirs and reservoirs whose performance demonstrates a
reliable decline in producing-rate trends, reserves were also
estimated by the application of appropriate decline curves or
other performance relationships. In the analyses of
production-declining curves, reserves were estimated only to the
limits of economic production or to the limit of the production
licenses or leases as appropriate.
Reporting of Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
We produce NGLs as part of the processing of our natural gas.
The extraction of NGLs in the processing of natural gas reduces
the volume of natural gas available for sale. At
December 31, 2010, NGLs represented approximately 41% of
our total proved reserves on a barrel of oil equivalent, or Boe
basis. NGLs are products sold by the gallon. In reporting proved
reserves and production of NGLs, we include these volumes and
production as barrels of oil equivalent. The prices we received
for a standard barrel of NGLs in 2010 averaged approximately 46%
lower than the average prices for equivalent volumes of oil. We
report all production information related to natural gas net of
the effect of any reduction in natural gas volumes resulting
from the processing of NGLs.
Third
Party Reports
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we
engaged DeGolyer and MacNaughton, independent, third-party
reserves engineers, to prepare estimates of the extent and value
of the proved reserves of certain of our oil and gas properties.
The estimates for 2010, 2009 and 2008 included a detailed review
of 100% of our total reported proved reserves. DeGolyer and
MacNaughtons report for 2010 is included as
Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on
Form 10-K.
Proved
Undeveloped Reserves
As of December 31, 2010, we had 24.9 MMBoe of proved
undeveloped reserves (PUDs), which is an increase of
4 MMBoe or 19.2%, compared with 20.9 MMBoe of PUDs at
December 31, 2009. Approximately 91% of our PUDs at
December 31, 2010, were associated with our core
development properties in the Permian Basin. The remaining 9% of
our PUDs at year-end 2010 were associated with North Bald
Prairie in East Texas. As a percent of our total proved
reserves, our PUDs decreased from 57% in 2009 to 49% in 2010.
The following table sets forth our PUDs converted to proved
developed reserves during 2010 and 2009 and the net investment
required to convert PUDs to proved developed reserves during the
year (dollars in thousands).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in
|
|
|
|
Proved Undeveloped Reserves Converted
|
|
|
Conversion of Proved
|
|
|
|
to Proved Developed Reserves
|
|
|
Undeveloped Reserves
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
NGLs
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
to Proved Developed
|
|
December 31,
|
|
(MBbls)
|
|
|
(MBbls)
|
|
|
(MMcf)
|
|
|
(MBoe)
|
|
|
Reserves
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
379
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
$
|
3,537
|
|
2010
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
|
2,019
|
|
|
|
12,081
|
|
|
|
4,564
|
|
|
|
35,446
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
583
|
|
|
|
2,079
|
|
|
|
12,460
|
|
|
|
4,739
|
|
|
$
|
38,983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated future development costs relating to the development
of PUDs are projected to be approximately $31.2 million in
2011, $36.8 million in 2012 and $82 million in 2013.
We monitor fluctuations in commodity prices, drilling and
completion costs, operating expenses and drilling success to
determine adjustments to our drilling and development program.
Based on current expectations for cash flows, commodity prices
and operating costs and expenses, all PUDs are scheduled to be
drilled before the end of 2015.
We have 3 MMBoe of PUDs, or approximately 6% of our total
proved reserves, that have been booked for five years or longer.
These reserves are located in Ozona Northeast, where we drilled
15 gross (15 net) wells in 2010 and plan to drill
19 gross (19 net) vertical wells targeting the Wolffork and
Canyon Sands in 2011. Despite the continued development drilling
in Ozona Northeast in 2010 and 2011, the volume of PUDs
33
in Ozona Northeast that will have been booked for five years or
longer at December 31, 2011, may increase from
December 31, 2010, and, depending on the timing and
selection of locations to be drilled in Ozona Northeast in 2011,
such increase might be material. We have a history of
significant development activity in Ozona Northeast, as we have
drilled over 345 gross (over 335 net) wells there since our
first well in February 2004, and we intend to continue the
development of PUDs in Ozona Northeast over time.
Oil and
Gas Production, Production Prices and Production Costs
The following table sets forth summary information regarding
natural gas, oil and NGL production, average sales prices and
average production costs for the last three years. We determined
the barrel of oil equivalent using the ratio of six Mcf of
natural gas to one barrel of oil equivalent, and one barrel of
NGLs to one barrel of oil equivalent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
Production
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Gas (MMcf)
|
|
|
6,290
|
|
|
|
6,320
|
|
|
|
7,092
|
|
Oil (MBbls)
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
NGLs (MBbls)
|
|
|
261
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (MBoe)
|
|
|
1,556
|
|
|
|
1,468
|
|
|
|
1,459
|
|
Total (MBoe/d)
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
Average prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas (per Mcf)
|
|
$
|
4.48
|
|
|
$
|
3.70
|
|
|
$
|
8.29
|
|
Oil (per Bbl)
|
|
|
75.67
|
|
|
|
54.97
|
|
|
|
93.79
|
|
NGLs (per Bbl)
|
|
|
41.19
|
|
|
|
28.32
|
|
|
|
45.46
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (per Boe)
|
|
|
37.00
|
|
|
|
27.69
|
|
|
|
54.74
|
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives (per Boe)
|
|
|
3.72
|
|
|
|
9.99
|
|
|
|
2.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total including derivative impact (per Boe)
|
|
$
|
40.72
|
|
|
$
|
37.68
|
|
|
$
|
56.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production costs (per Boe)(1)
|
|
$
|
4.25
|
|
|
$
|
4.20
|
|
|
$
|
4.32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Production cost per Boe is composed of lease operating expenses
excluding ad valorem taxes. Production cost per Boe also
excludes severance and production taxes. |
Drilling
Activity Prior Three Years
The following table sets forth information on our drilling
activity for the last three years. The information should not be
considered indicative of future performance, nor should it be
assumed that there is necessarily any correlation between the
number of productive wells drilled, quantities of reserves found
or economic value.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Development wells:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive
|
|
|
91.0
|
|
|
|
56.2
|
|
|
|
28.0
|
|
|
|
16.0
|
|
|
|
83.0
|
|
|
|
54.5
|
|
Dry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
|
|
7.5
|
|
Exploratory wells:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
Total wells:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive
|
|
|
91.0
|
|
|
|
56.2
|
|
|
|
28.0
|
|
|
|
16.0
|
|
|
|
83.0
|
|
|
|
54.5
|
|
Dry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
Of the 91 gross (56.2 net) productive wells drilled in
2010, five (3.5 net) wells were waiting on completion at
December 31, 2010, and have since been completed as
producers.
34
Although a well may be classified as productive upon completion,
future changes in oil and gas prices, operating costs and
production may result in the well becoming uneconomical.
Drilling
Activity Current
As of the date of this report, we had three rigs running in the
Permian Basin targeting the Wolffork and Canyon Sands
formations, including one rig drilling horizontal Wolfcamp wells.
Delivery
Commitments
We are not committed to provide a fixed and determinable
quantity of oil, gas or NGLs in the near future under existing
agreements.
Producing
Wells
The following table sets forth the number of producing wells in
which we owned a working interest at December 31, 2010.
Wells are classified as natural gas or oil according to their
predominant production stream.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Wells
|
|
|
Wells
|
|
|
Wells
|
|
|
Working
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
524.0
|
|
|
|
461.1
|
|
|
|
24.0
|
|
|
|
21.1
|
|
|
|
548.0
|
|
|
|
482.2
|
|
|
|
88.0
|
%
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
|
|
50.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
533.0
|
|
|
|
465.6
|
|
|
|
24.0
|
|
|
|
21.1
|
|
|
|
557.0
|
|
|
|
486.7
|
|
|
|
87.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acreage
The following table summarizes our developed and undeveloped
acreage as of December 31, 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed Acres
|
|
|
Undeveloped Acres
|
|
|
Total Acres
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
47,819
|
|
|
|
40,115
|
|
|
|
93,763
|
|
|
|
61,751
|
|
|
|
141,582
|
|
|
|
101,866
|
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
3,481
|
|
|
|
1,687
|
|
|
|
3,609
|
|
|
|
2,742
|
|
|
|
7,090
|
|
|
|
4,429
|
|
El Vado East
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,357
|
|
|
|
79,793
|
|
|
|
90,357
|
|
|
|
79,793
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
51,300
|
|
|
|
41,802
|
|
|
|
187,729
|
|
|
|
144,286
|
|
|
|
239,029
|
|
|
|
186,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Undeveloped
Acreage Expirations
The following table sets forth the number of gross and net
undeveloped acres as of December 31, 2010, that will expire
over the next three years by project area unless production is
established prior to lease expiration dates.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
|
20,652
|
|
|
|
16,734
|
|
|
|
15,129
|
|
|
|
7,921
|
|
|
|
27,021
|
|
|
|
21,909
|
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
El Vado East
|
|
|
90,357
|
|
|
|
79,793
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
111,009
|
|
|
|
96,527
|
|
|
|
15,411
|
|
|
|
8,174
|
|
|
|
27,021
|
|
|
|
21,909
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Undeveloped acreage in our El Vado East prospect is subject to
an eight-well drilling commitment during the primary term of the
mineral lease, which expired in April 2009. As of the filing of
this annual report on
Form 10-K,
we had extended the primary term of the lease by force majeure,
up to April 2013. If we meet the drilling commitment (as
extended by force majeure), we will have two options to extend
the primary term by
35
one year each for $15 per net acre, for a total extension of two
years at $30 per net acre. If we are not able to meet the
drilling commitment during the extended primary term, and we are
otherwise not able to negotiate appropriate extensions under the
lease, the lease will expire. See Item 1.
Business Regulation New
Mexico for additional information on our New Mexico lease
and the delays in drilling in New Mexico.
|
|
Item 3.
|
Legal
Proceedings.
|
Approach Operating, LLC v. EnCana Oil & Gas
(USA) Inc., Cause No. 29.070A, District Court of
Limestone County, Texas. On July 2, 2009, our operating
subsidiary filed a lawsuit against EnCana for breach of the JOA
covering our North Bald Prairie project in East Texas and
seeking damages for nonpayment of amounts owed under the JOA as
well as declaratory relief. We contend that such amounts owed by
EnCana are at least $2 million, plus attorneys fees,
costs and other amounts to which we might be entitled under law
or in equity. As we previously have disclosed, in December 2008,
EnCana notified us that it was exercising its right to become
operator of record for joint interest wells in North Bald
Prairie under an operator election agreement between the
parties. EnCana contends that it does not owe us for part or all
of joint interest billings incurred after EnCana provided us
with notice of EnCanas election to assume operatorship in
December 2008. EnCana also contends that certain of the disputed
operations were unnecessary, while other charges are improper
because we failed to obtain EnCanas consent under the JOA
prior to undertaking the operations. We have informed the Court
that we will transfer operatorship to EnCana when EnCana has
made all payments it owes under the JOA. Regardless of the
outcome of this proceeding, the JOA provides that either party
(operator or non-operator) may propose the drilling of wells.
We also are involved in various other legal and regulatory
proceedings arising in the normal course of business. While we
cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings with certainty,
we do not believe that an adverse result in any pending legal or
regulatory proceeding, individually or in the aggregate, would
be material to our consolidated financial condition or cash
flows; however, an unfavorable outcome could have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations for a specific
interim period or year.
|
|
Item 4.
|
(Removed
and Reserved).
|
36
PART II
|
|
Item 5.
|
Market
for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters
and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
|
Market
Information
Our common stock is traded on NASDAQ in the United States under
the symbol AREX. During 2010, trading volume
averaged 144,977 shares per day. The following table shows
the quarterly high and low sale prices of our common stock as
reported on NASDAQ for the past two years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price Per Share
|
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter
|
|
$
|
9.65
|
|
|
$
|
7.57
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
|
9.52
|
|
|
|
6.32
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
|
11.81
|
|
|
|
6.12
|
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
|
23.89
|
|
|
|
11.00
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter
|
|
$
|
8.90
|
|
|
$
|
3.20
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
|
10.47
|
|
|
|
5.13
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
|
9.77
|
|
|
|
6.38
|
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
|
10.19
|
|
|
|
6.24
|
|
Holders
As of February 28, 2011, there were 71 record holders of
our common stock. In many instances, a record holder is a broker
or other entity holding shares in street name for one or more
customers who beneficially own the shares.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do
not expect to pay any cash or other dividends in the foreseeable
future on our common stock, as we intend to reinvest cash flow
generated by operations in our business. Our revolving credit
facility currently restricts our ability to pay cash dividends
on our common stock, and we may also enter into credit
agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that
restrict or limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our
common stock.
Securities
Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation
Plans
The following table sets forth information regarding securities
authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans and
individual compensation arrangements as of December 31,
2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Weighted-
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
Securities to be
|
|
Average Exercise
|
|
Remaining Available for
|
|
|
Issued Upon
|
|
Price of
|
|
Future Issuance Under
|
|
|
Exercise of
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Equity Compensation
|
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Options,
|
|
Plans (Excluding
|
|
|
Options, Warrants
|
|
Warrants and
|
|
Securities Reflected in
|
|
|
and Rights
|
|
Rights
|
|
Column (a))(1)
|
Plan Category
|
|
(a)
|
|
(b)
|
|
(c)
|
|
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders
|
|
|
334,329
|
|
|
$
|
7.01
|
|
|
|
691,080
|
|
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Under our 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan
or Plan), and subject to adjustment for
recapitalizations or reorganizations, the maximum number of
shares of common stock that may be available for grant of awards
under the 2007 Plan is 10% of the outstanding shares of our
common stock, as adjusted on the first business day of each
calendar year, plus shares of common stock that remain available
for grant of awards under our prior plan. After adjustment for
10% of our outstanding shares of common stock on the first
business day of 2011 as set forth in the 2007 Plan, we expect
the number of shares remaining available for future issuance
under the 2007 Plan under column (c) of above table to
increase to 1,417,840. |
37
Performance
Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative return on a $100
investment in our common stock from November 8, 2007,
through December 31, 2010, to that of the cumulative return
on a $100 investment in the Standard & Poors 500
(S&P 500) index and the Dow Jones
U.S. Exploration & Production Total Stock Market
index for the same period. In calculating the cumulative return,
reinvestment of dividends, if any, is assumed. This graph is not
soliciting material, is not deemed filed with the
SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any of our
filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether
made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any
general incorporation language in any such filing. This graph is
included in accordance with the SECs disclosure rules.
This historic stock performance is not indicative of future
stock performance.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11/8/2007
|
|
12/31/2007
|
|
12/31/2008
|
|
12/31/2009
|
|
12/31/2010
|
|
|
|
|
Approach Resources Inc.
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
$
|
102.14
|
|
|
$
|
58.06
|
|
|
$
|
61.32
|
|
|
$
|
183.48
|
|
S&P 500
|
|
|
100.00
|
|
|
|
95.15
|
|
|
|
59.95
|
|
|
|
75.81
|
|
|
|
87.23
|
|
D J U.S. Exploration & Production
|
|
|
100.00
|
|
|
|
101.09
|
|
|
|
59.62
|
|
|
|
84.37
|
|
|
|
99.89
|
|
|
|
38
Issuer
Repurchases of Equity Securities
We adopted the 2007 Plan in June 2007. The 2007 Plan allows us
to withhold shares of common stock to pay withholding taxes
payable upon vesting of a restricted stock grant. The number of
shares of common stock available for grants under the 2007 Plan
is increased by the number of shares withheld as payment of such
withholding taxes. The following table shows the number of
shares of common stock withheld to satisfy the income tax
withholding obligations arising upon the vesting of restricted
shares issued to employees under the 2007 Plan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(d)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number (or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(c)
|
|
|
Approximate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Number of
|
|
|
Dollar Value) of
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
|
(b)
|
|
|
Shares Purchased
|
|
|
Shares that
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
as Part of
|
|
|
May Yet Be
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Publicly
|
|
|
Purchased Under
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Paid per
|
|
|
Announced Plans
|
|
|
the Plans or
|
|
Period
|
|
Purchased
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
or Programs
|
|
|
Programs
|
|
|
October 1, 2010 October 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 1, 2010 November 30, 2010
|
|
|
3,468
|
|
|
$
|
15.68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 1, 2010 December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,468
|
|
|
$
|
15.68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
Item 6.
|
Selected
Financial Data.
|
The following table sets forth selected financial information
for the five years ended December 31, 2010. All weighted
average shares and per share data have been adjusted for the
three-for-one
stock split and the stock issuance resulting from the
combination of Approach Oil & Gas Inc. under a
contribution agreement in November 2007. This information should
be read in conjunction with Item 7 of this report,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations, and our consolidated
financial statements, related notes and other financial
information included in this report.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per-share data)
|
|
|
Operating Results Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil, NGL and gas sales
|
|
$
|
57,581
|
|
|
$
|
40,648
|
|
|
$
|
79,869
|
|
|
$
|
39,114
|
|
|
$
|
46,672
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating
|
|
|
8,555
|
|
|
|
7,777
|
|
|
|
7,621
|
|
|
|
3,815
|
|
|
|
3,889
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
2,990
|
|
|
|
1,996
|
|
|
|
4,202
|
|
|
|
1,659
|
|
|
|
1,736
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
2,589
|
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
|
|
1,478
|
|
|
|
883
|
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
Impairment of unproved properties
|
|
|
2,622
|
|
|
|
2,964
|
|
|
|
6,379
|
|
|
|
267
|
|
|
|
558
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
11,422
|
|
|
|
10,617
|
|
|
|
8,881
|
|
|
|
12,667
|
|
|
|
2,416
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
22,224
|
|
|
|
24,660
|
|
|
|
23,710
|
|
|
|
13,098
|
|
|
|
14,551
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
50,402
|
|
|
|
49,635
|
|
|
|
52,271
|
|
|
|
32,389
|
|
|
|
24,790
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
7,179
|
|
|
|
(8,987
|
)
|
|
|
27,598
|
|
|
|
6,725
|
|
|
|
21,882
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment of investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(917
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(2,189
|
)
|
|
|
(1,787
|
)
|
|
|
(1,269
|
)
|
|
|
(5,219
|
)
|
|
|
(3,814
|
)
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
5,784
|
|
|
|
14,659
|
|
|
|
2,936
|
|
|
|
4,732
|
|
|
|
6,222
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
|
(9,899
|
)
|
|
|
7,149
|
|
|
|
(3,637
|
)
|
|
|
8,668
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes
|
|
|
11,562
|
|
|
|
(6,014
|
)
|
|
|
35,497
|
|
|
|
2,601
|
|
|
|
32,958
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
|
(785
|
)
|
|
|
12,111
|
|
|
|
(108
|
)
|
|
|
11,756
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,386
|
|
|
$
|
2,709
|
|
|
$
|
21,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|
$
|
2.26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.12
|
|
|
$
|
0.24
|
|
|
$
|
2.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statement of Cash Flows Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
|
|
$
|
42,377
|
|
|
$
|
39,761
|
|
|
$
|
56,381
|
|
|
$
|
30,746
|
|
|
$
|
34,305
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
(91,346
|
)
|
|
|
(29,553
|
)
|
|
|
(100,633
|
)
|
|
|
(52,940
|
)
|
|
|
(59,384
|
)
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
69,748
|
|
|
|
(11,618
|
)
|
|
|
43,750
|
|
|
|
22,062
|
|
|
|
26,771
|
|
Effect of Canadian exchange rate
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
23,465
|
|
|
$
|
2,685
|
|
|
$
|
4,077
|
|
|
$
|
4,785
|
|
|
$
|
4,911
|
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
17,865
|
|
|
|
9,318
|
|
|
|
30,760
|
|
|
|
12,021
|
|
|
|
12,792
|
|
Property, equipment, net, successful efforts method
|
|
|
369,210
|
|
|
|
304,483
|
|
|
|
303,404
|
|
|
|
230,819
|
|
|
|
132,520
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
2,549
|
|
|
|
2,440
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,101
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
413,089
|
|
|
$
|
318,926
|
|
|
$
|
338,241
|
|
|
$
|
248,726
|
|
|
$
|
150,309
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities
|
|
$
|
29,240
|
|
|
$
|
21,996
|
|
|
$
|
30,775
|
|
|
$
|
22,017
|
|
|
$
|
15,421
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,319
|
|
|
|
43,537
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,619
|
|
Other long-term liabilities
|
|
|
50,903
|
|
|
|
44,115
|
|
|
|
40,116
|
|
|
|
26,890
|
|
|
|
17,697
|
|
Stockholders equity
|
|
|
332,946
|
|
|
|
220,496
|
|
|
|
223,813
|
|
|
|
199,819
|
|
|
|
69,572
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
413,089
|
|
|
$
|
318,926
|
|
|
$
|
338,241
|
|
|
$
|
248,726
|
|
|
$
|
150,309
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
Item 7.
|
Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.
|
The following discussion is intended to assist in understanding
our results of operations and our financial condition. Our
consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes
included elsewhere in this report contain additional information
that should be referred to when reviewing this material.
Statements in this discussion may be forward-looking. These
forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties,
which could cause actual results to differ from those expressed.
See Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements at the beginning of this report and Risk
Factors in Item 1.A for additional discussion of some
of these factors and risks.
Overview
Approach Resources Inc. is an independent energy company engaged
in the exploration, development, production and acquisition of
oil and gas properties. We focus on oil and natural gas reserves
in oil shale and tight sands. Our management and technical team
has a proven track record of finding and developing reservoirs
through advanced completion, fracturing and drilling techniques.
Our core properties are primarily located in the Permian Basin
in West Texas (Clearfork, Wolfcamp Shale, Canyon Sands, Strawn
and Ellenburger). We also own interests in the East Texas Basin
(Cotton Valley Sands and Cotton Valley Lime) and in the Chama
Basin in Northern New Mexico (Mancos Shale). As the operator of
all of our estimated proved reserves and production, we have a
high degree of control over capital expenditures and other
operating matters.
At December 31, 2010, we had estimated proved oil and gas
reserves of 50.7 MMBoe. Important characteristics of our
proved reserves at December 31, 2010, include:
|
|
|
|
|
51% oil and NGLs and 49% natural gas;
|
|
|
|
51% proved developed;
|
|
|
|
100% operated;
|
|
|
|
Reserve life of over 30 years based on 2010 production of
1.6 MMBoe;
|
|
|
|
Standardized after-tax measure of discounted future net cash
flows (Standardized Measure) of
$204.2 million; and
|
|
|
|
PV-10 of
$325.8 million.
|
PV-10 is our
estimate of the present value of future net revenues from proved
oil and gas reserves after deducting estimated production and ad
valorem taxes, future capital costs and operating expenses, but
before deducting any estimates for future income taxes.
Estimated future net revenues are discounted at an annual rate
of 10% to determine their present value.
PV-10 is a
non-GAAP, financial measure and generally differs from the
Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP
financial measure, because it does not include the effects of
income taxes on future cash flows.
PV-10 should
not be considered as an alternative to the Standardized Measure
as computed under GAAP. See Item 2.
Properties Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
for a reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
Standardized Measure.
Over 95% of our proved reserves and production at
December 31, 2010, were located in the Permian Basin in
Crockett and Schleicher Counties, Texas, where we owned working
interests in 548 producing oil and gas wells. At
December 31, 2010, we leased approximately 102,000 net
acres in the Permian Basin. No proved reserves had been recorded
for our Wolffork oil shale resource play in the Permian Basin as
of December 31, 2010. In addition to our producing wells,
we had an estimated 2,300 potential drilling locations in the
Permian Basin at December 31, 2010, of which 311 were
proved. We also had an estimated 480 potential Wolffork
recompletion opportunities in the Permian Basin, none of which
were proved. We owned working interests in nine producing gas
wells in the East Texas Basin, and have identified 23 proved
drilling locations in the East Texas Basin at December 31,
2010.
2010
Activity
During 2010, we drilled a total of 91 gross (56.2 net)
wells in the Permian Basin with a 100% success rate. Production
for 2010 totaled 1,556 MBoe (4.3 MBoe/d), compared to
1,468 MBoe (4 MBoe/d) in 2009, a 6% increase. Our
costs incurred in 2010 totaled $90 million, and included
$59.8 million for exploration and
41
development drilling, $21.2 million, net of purchase price
adjustments, for the purchase of an additional working interest
in Cinco Terry and $9 million for acreage acquisitions in
the Permian Basin. Additional highlights for 2010 include:
Wolffork
Oil Shale Resource Play
We were founded in 2002 to explore and develop unconventional
oil and gas reservoirs at a competitive cost structure. In 2004,
we began to assemble underdeveloped acreage in the Permian Basin
and began a drilling program targeting the Canyon Sands, Strawn
and Ellenburger formations in 27,000 net acres. Since 2004,
we have drilled approximately 525 wells in the Permian
Basin and, as of March 1, 2011, we leased approximately
133,000 net acres in the Permian Basin. For a majority of
our wells, we collected more log data, including mud logs that
help identify hydrocarbon-bearing formations, than, based on our
operating experience in the area, we believe is typical for the
area where we operate. The log data indicated that hydrocarbons
were present in the Clearfork and Wolfcamp Shale formations
above the Canyon Sands, Strawn and Ellenburger zones.
In October 2010, we announced our Wolffork oil shale resource
play. We performed a detailed geological and petrophysical
evaluation using extensive regional mapping,
3-D seismic
data from over 135,000 acres, whole-core data and well data
from over 400 wellbores that we have drilled and completed
while targeting the Canyon Sands, Strawn and Ellenburger zones
at depths of 7,250 to 8,900 feet. The Wolffork is composed
of three stacked pay zones, the Clearfork, Dean and Wolfcamp
Shale formations, totaling more than 2,500 feet of
potential gross pay. We believe that the Wolffork oil shale
resource play will significantly enhance our opportunities in
the Permian Basin, and we plan to continue our pilot program
targeting the Wolffork in 2011 with a combination of vertical,
horizontal and recompletion projects.
Acquisition
of Acreage
We acquired approximately 41,500 gross (34,800 net) acres
in the Permian Basin in Crockett and Schleicher Counties, Texas,
during 2010. The acreage acquisitions joined our legacy asset in
the southeast part of Project Pangea, Ozona Northeast, to Cinco
Terry, in the northwest part of Project Pangea.
2010
Acquisition of Working Interest
In October 2010, we acquired a 10% working interest in Cinco
Terry from a non-operating partner for $21.2 million, net
of purchase price adjustments, which was funded with borrowings
under our revolving credit facility. We believe the acquisition
of additional interests in Cinco Terry increases our
opportunities in this area and enhances our leverage to the
reserve potential of the Wolffork oil shale resource play.
Proved
Reserve and Production Growth
In 2010, our estimated proved reserves increased 39%, or
14.2 MMBoe, to 50.7 MMBoe from 36.5 MMBoe, and
our production increased 6% to 4.3 MBoe/d. Planned
processing upgrades contributed to the increase in proved
reserves at year end 2010. On April 1, 2011, we will begin
realizing NGL revenues from the liquids-rich gas stream in Ozona
Northeast under a gas purchase and processing contract with DCP
Midstream, LP. See Item 1. Business
Markets and Customers. Development drilling and planned
processing upgrades in Cinco Terry, the acquisition of an
additional working interest in Cinco Terry and improved pricing
also contributed to the increase in proved reserves at
December 31, 2010. The increase in production is
attributable to our drilling program in the Permian Basin during
2010. On average, we operated three rigs in 2010, and drilled a
total of 91 gross (56.2 net) wells, with a 100% success
rate.
Balanced
Reserve Profile
Our proved reserve profile at year end 2010 was 51% oil and NGLs
and 49% natural gas, compared to 23% oil and NGLs and 77%
natural gas at year end 2009. During 2010, our proved oil and
NGL reserves increased over 200%, or 17.2 MMBbls, to
25.6 MMBbls from 8.4 MMBbls in 2009. Our increase in
proved oil and NGL reserves is primarily due to planned
processing upgrades in Ozona Northeast. On April 1, 2011,
we will begin realizing NGL revenues from the liquids-rich gas
stream in Ozona Northeast.
42
2010
Equity Offering
In November 2010, we completed an equity offering and issued an
aggregate of 6.6 million shares of our common stock at
$16.25 per share in an underwritten public offering (the
2010 Offering). After deducting underwriting
discounts and transaction costs of approximately
$5.7 million, we received net proceeds of approximately
$101.8 million, which we intend to use to fund our capital
expenditures for the Wolffork oil shale resource play, working
interest and leasehold acquisitions in the Permian Basin and
general working capital needs. Pending these uses, we used a
portion of the proceeds of the 2010 Offering to repay all
outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Additional
Working Interest Acquisition 2011
In February 2011, we acquired a 38% working interest in Cinco
Terry from two non-operating partners for $76 million,
subject to usual and customary post-closing adjustments (the
Working Interest Acquisition). The Working Interest
Acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under
our revolving credit facility. As a result of the Working
Interest Acquisition, our working and net revenue interests in
Cinco Terry are now approximately 100% and 76%, respectively.
Our 2010 results of operations do not include production,
revenues or costs from the Working Interest Acquisition.
Further, our year-end 2010 estimated proved reserves,
PV-10 and
Standardized Measure do not include estimated proved reserves
associated with the Working Interest Acquisition.
Plans for
2011
In November 2010, we announced a 2011 capital budget of
approximately $100 million. In January 2011, we acquired
approximately 10,900 contiguous, net acres approximately nine
miles west of our existing acreage in northeast Crockett County,
Texas. In addition, in March 2011, we announced the Working
Interest Acquisition for $76 million. Given our recent
activity, in March 2011 we increased our capital budget to
$220 million, of which approximately $130 million will
be allocated to drilling and recompletion projects in the
Permian Basin and approximately $90 million will be
allocated to the Working Interest Acquisition and lease
extensions, renewals and lease acquisitions in the Permian Basin.
The 2011 drilling program includes operating one rig to drill
11 gross (11 net) horizontal wells targeting the Wolfcamp
Shale, one rig to drill 19 gross (19 net) vertical wells
targeting the Wolffork and Canyon Sands, one rig to drill
26 gross (26 net) vertical wells targeting the Canyon Sands
(which we expect to recomplete in the Wolffork in 2012) and one
workover rig to recomplete 10 gross (10 net) wells in the
Wolffork. Our objectives for the 2011 drilling program include
delineating the Clearfork and Wolfcamp Shale zones across
Project Pangea, improving initial production rates by refining
our stimulation strategy, advancing our understanding of optimal
well spacing and hydrocarbon recovery and improving our cost
structure.
Our 2011 capital budget is subject to change depending upon a
number of factors, including additional data on our Wolffork oil
shale resource play, results of Wolfcamp Shale and Wolffork
drilling and recompletions, economic and industry conditions at
the time of drilling, prevailing and anticipated prices for oil,
gas and NGLs, the availability of sufficient capital resources
for drilling prospects, our financial results and the
availability of lease extensions and renewals on reasonable
terms.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
accounting policies generally accepted in the United States
(GAAP). The preparation of our consolidated
financial statements requires us to make estimates and
assumptions that affect our reported results of operations and
the amount of reported assets, liabilities and proved oil and
gas reserves. Some accounting policies involve judgments and
uncertainties to such an extent that there is reasonable
likelihood that materially different amounts could have been
reported under different conditions, or if different assumptions
had been used. Actual results may differ from the estimates and
assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated
financial statements. Described below are the most significant
policies we apply in preparing our consolidated financial
statements, some of which are subject to alternative treatments
under GAAP. We also describe the most significant estimates and
assumptions we make in applying these policies. See Note 1
to our consolidated financial statements.
43
Segment reporting is not applicable to us as we have a single,
company-wide management team that administers all properties as
a whole rather than by discrete operating segments. We track
only basic operational data by area. We do not maintain complete
separate financial statement information by area. We measure
financial performance as a single enterprise and not on an
area-by-area
basis. We use the successful efforts method of accounting for
our oil and gas activities.
Successful
Efforts Method of Accounting
Accounting for oil and gas activities is subject to special,
unique rules. We use the successful efforts method of accounting
for our oil and gas activities. The significant principles for
this method are:
|
|
|
|
|
geological and geophysical evaluation costs are expensed as
incurred;
|
|
|
|
dry holes for exploratory wells are expensed, and dry holes for
development wells are capitalized; and
|
|
|
|
capitalized costs related to proved oil and gas properties,
including wells and related equipment and facilities, are
evaluated for impairment based on an analysis of undiscounted
future net cash flows in accordance with ASC 360. If
undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the net
capitalized costs related to proved properties, then we
recognize an impairment charge in income from operations equal
to the difference between the net capitalized costs related to
proved properties and their estimated fair values based on the
present value of the related future net cash flows. We noted no
impairment of our proved properties based on our analysis for
the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 or 2008.
|
Proved
Reserves
On December 31, 2008, the SEC released a Final Rule,
Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting (the Final
Rule), approving revisions designed to modernize oil and
gas reserve reporting requirements. The Final Rule became
effective for our financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2009, and our 2009 year-end proved
reserve estimates. The most significant revisions to the
reporting requirements included:
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity prices. Economic producibility of
reserves is based on the unweighted, arithmetic average of the
closing price on the first day of the month for the
12-month
period prior to fiscal year end, unless prices are defined by
contractual arrangements.
|
|
|
|
Undeveloped oil and gas reserves. Reserves may
be classified as proved undeveloped for undrilled
areas beyond one offsetting drilling unit from a producing well
if there is reasonable certainty that the quantities will be
recovered.
|
|
|
|
Reliable technology. The Final Rule permits
the use of new technologies to establish the reasonable
certainty of proved reserves if those technologies have been
demonstrated empirically to lead to reliable conclusions about
reserves volumes.
|
|
|
|
Unproved reserves. Probable and possible
reserves may be disclosed separately on a voluntary basis.
|
|
|
|
Preparation of reserves estimates. Disclosure
is required regarding the internal controls used to assure
objectivity in the reserves estimation process and the
qualifications of the technical person primarily responsible for
preparing reserves estimates.
|
|
|
|
Third party reports. We are required to file
the report of any third party used to prepare or audit reserves
our estimates.
|
In addition, in January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued Accounting Standards Update
2010-03,
Oil and Gas Reserve Estimation and Disclosures (the
Update) to provide consistency with the new reserve
rules. The Update amends existing standards to align the
reserves calculation and disclosure requirements under GAAP with
the requirements in the SECs reserve rules. We adopted the
new standards effective December 31, 2009.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, we engaged DeGolyer
and MacNaughton, independent petroleum engineers, to prepare
independent estimates of the extent and value of the proved
reserves associated with certain of our oil and gas properties
in accordance with guidelines established by the SEC, including
the Final Rule.
44
Estimates of proved oil and gas reserves directly impact
financial accounting estimates including depletion, depreciation
and amortization expense, evaluation of impairment of properties
and the calculation of plugging and abandonment liabilities.
Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas,
which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be
estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically
producible from a given date forward, from known
reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating
methods and government regulations. The process of estimating
quantities of proved reserves is very complex, requiring
significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all
geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir.
The data for any reservoir may change substantially over time
due to results from operational activity. Proved reserve volumes
at December 31, 2010, were estimated based on the average
of the closing price on the first day of each month for the
12-month
period prior to December 31, 2010, for oil, natural gas and
NGLs in accordance with the Final Rule. Changes in commodity
prices and operations costs may increase or decrease estimates
of proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. Depletion expense
for our oil and gas properties is determined using our estimates
of proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. A hypothetical 10%
decline in our December 31, 2010, estimated proved reserves
would have increased our depletion expense by approximately
$587,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010.
See also Item 2. Properties Proved Oil
and Gas Reserves and Note 11 to our consolidated
financial statements in this report for additional information
regarding our estimated proved reserves.
Derivative
Instruments and Commodity Derivative Activities
Unrealized gains and losses, at fair value, are included on our
consolidated balance sheets as current or non-current assets or
liabilities based on the anticipated timing of cash settlements
under the related contracts. Changes in the fair value of our
commodity derivative contracts are recorded in earnings as they
occur and included in other income (expense) on our consolidated
statements of operations. We estimate the fair values of swap
contracts based on the present value of the difference in
exchange-quoted forward price curves and contractual settlement
prices multiplied by notional quantities. We internally valued
the option contracts using industry-standard option pricing
models and observable market inputs. We use our internal
valuations to determine the fair values of the contracts that
are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains
and losses are also included in other income (expense) on our
consolidated statements of operations.
We are exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance
by the counterparties on our commodity derivatives positions and
have considered the exposure in our internal valuations.
However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the
counterparties over the term of the commodity derivatives
positions.
Changes in the derivatives fair value are currently
recognized in the statement of operations unless specific
commodity derivative hedge accounting criteria are met and such
strategies are designated. For qualifying cash-flow commodity
derivatives, the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred in
accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent the
commodity derivative is effective. The ineffective portion of
the commodity derivative is recognized immediately in the
statement of operations. Gains and losses on commodity
derivative instruments included in accumulated other
comprehensive income are reclassified to oil and gas sales
revenue in the period that the related production is delivered.
Derivative contracts that do not qualify for commodity
derivative accounting treatment are recorded as derivative
assets and liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet, and
the associated unrealized gains and losses are recorded as
current income or expense in the statement of operations.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow hedges. We record our open derivative instruments
at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets as either
unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivatives. We record
changes in such fair value in earnings on our consolidated
statements of operations under the caption entitled
unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivatives.
Although we have not designated our derivative instruments as
cash-flow hedges, we use those instruments to reduce our
exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices related to our oil
and gas production. Accordingly, we record realized gains and
losses under those instruments in other revenues on our
consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended
December 31, 2010 and 2008, we recognized an unrealized
gain of $788,000 and $7.1 million, respectively, from the
change in the fair value of commodity derivatives. For the year
ended December 31, 2009, we recognized an unrealized loss
of $9.9 million from the
45
change in the fair value of commodity derivatives. A
hypothetical 10% increase in the NYMEX floating prices would
have resulted in a $1.8 million decrease in the
December 31, 2010, fair value recorded on our balance
sheet, and a corresponding increase to the loss on commodity
derivatives in our statement of operations.
Asset
Retirement Obligation
Our asset retirement obligation primarily represents the
estimated present value of the amount we will incur to plug,
abandon and remediate our producing properties at the end of
their productive lives, in accordance with applicable federal,
state and local laws. We determine our asset retirement
obligation by calculating the present value of estimated cash
flows related to the liability. The retirement obligation is
recorded as a liability at its estimated present value as of the
assets inception, with an offsetting increase to proved
properties. Periodic accretion of discount of the estimated
liability is recorded as an expense in the income statement.
Our liability is determined using significant assumptions,
including current estimates of plugging and abandonment costs,
annual inflation of these costs, the productive lives of wells
and our risk-adjusted interest rate. Changes in any of these
assumptions can result in significant revisions to the estimated
asset retirement obligation.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets
All of our long-lived assets are monitored for potential
impairment when circumstances indicate that the carrying value
of an asset may be greater than its future net cash flows. The
evaluations involve a significant amount of judgment since the
results are based on estimated future events, such as future
sales prices for oil, gas and NGLs, future costs to produce
these products, estimates of future oil and natural gas reserves
to be recovered and the timing thereof, the economic and
regulatory climates and other factors. The need to test an asset
for impairment may result from significant declines in commodity
prices or downward revisions to estimated quantities of oil and
gas reserves. Any assets held for sale are reviewed for
impairment when we approve the plan to sell. Estimates of
anticipated sales prices are highly judgmental and subject to
material revision in future periods. Because of the uncertainty
inherent in these factors, we cannot predict when or if future
impairment charges will be recorded. Based on the review of the
recoverability of the carrying value of our unproved properties
in our Boomerang project in Southwest Kentucky, we determined
that we may not be able to recover costs associated with this
project, and therefore have recorded impairment expense of
$2.6 million, related to all of our remaining carrying
costs in this project. At December 31, 2010, we had no
estimated proved reserves recorded for Boomerang. Acreage
amounts in this report exclude Boomerang.
Valuation
of Share-Based Compensation
Our 2007 Plan allows grants of stock and options to employees
and outside directors. Granting of awards may increase our
general and administrative expenses subject to the size and
timing of the grants. See Note 5 to our consolidated
financial statements.
We measure and record compensation expense for all share-based
payment awards to employees and outside directors based on
estimated grant-date fair values. Compensation costs for awards
granted are recognized over the requisite service period based
on the grant-date fair value.
There were no stock option grants during the years ended
December 31, 2010 and 2009. The fair value of each option
granted during the year ended December 31, 2008, was
estimated using an option-pricing model with the following
weighted average assumptions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
|
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
64
|
%
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
2.7
|
%
|
Expected life
|
|
|
6 years
|
|
We have not paid out dividends historically, thus the dividend
yields are estimated at zero percent.
46
Since our shares were not publicly traded prior to our initial
public offering on November 8, 2007, we used an average of
historical volatility rates based upon other companies within
our industry. Management believes that these average historical
volatility rates were the best available indicator of expected
volatility.
The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield available for
zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term of
five years.
The expected lives of our options are determined based on the
term of the option using the simplified method outlined in Staff
Accounting Bulletin 110.
Assumptions are reviewed each time there is a new grant and may
be impacted by actual fluctuation in our stock price, movements
in market interest rates and option terms. The use of different
assumptions produces a different fair value for the options
granted or modified and impacts the amount of compensation
expense recognized on the consolidated statement of operations.
Effects
of Inflation
Inflation in the United States has been relatively low in recent
years and did not have a material impact on our results of
operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 or
2008. Although the impact of inflation has been insignificant in
recent years, it is still a factor in the United States economy
and may increase the cost to acquire or replace property, plant
and equipment. It may also increase the cost of labor or
supplies.
47
Results
of Operations
The following table sets forth summary information regarding
natural gas, oil and NGL revenues, production, average product
prices and average production costs and expenses for the last
three years. We determined the barrel of oil equivalent using
the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one barrel of oil
equivalent, and one barrel of NGLs to one barrel of oil
equivalent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Revenues (in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas
|
|
$
|
28,176
|
|
|
$
|
23,406
|
|
|
$
|
58,819
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
18,640
|
|
|
|
11,323
|
|
|
|
16,413
|
|
NGLs
|
|
|
10,765
|
|
|
|
5,919
|
|
|
|
4,637
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil, NGL and gas sales
|
|
|
57,581
|
|
|
|
40,648
|
|
|
|
79,869
|
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
5,784
|
|
|
|
14,659
|
|
|
|
2,936
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil, NGL and gas sales including derivative impact
|
|
$
|
63,365
|
|
|
$
|
55,307
|
|
|
$
|
82,805
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas (MMcf)
|
|
|
6,290
|
|
|
|
6,320
|
|
|
|
7,092
|
|
Oil (MBbls)
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
NGLs (MBbls)
|
|
|
261
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (MBoe)
|
|
|
1,556
|
|
|
|
1,468
|
|
|
|
1,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (MBoe/d)
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas (per Mcf)
|
|
$
|
4.48
|
|
|
$
|
3.70
|
|
|
$
|
8.29
|
|
Oil (per Bbl)
|
|
|
75.67
|
|
|
|
54.97
|
|
|
|
93.79
|
|
NGLs (per Bbl)
|
|
|
41.19
|
|
|
|
28.32
|
|
|
|
45.46
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (per Boe)
|
|
|
37.00
|
|
|
|
27.69
|
|
|
|
54.74
|
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives (per Boe)
|
|
|
3.72
|
|
|
|
9.99
|
|
|
|
2.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total including derivative impact (per Boe)
|
|
$
|
40.72
|
|
|
$
|
37.68
|
|
|
$
|
56.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs and expenses (per Boe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating(1)
|
|
$
|
5.50
|
|
|
$
|
5.30
|
|
|
$
|
5.22
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
1.92
|
|
|
|
1.36
|
|
|
|
2.88
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
1.66
|
|
|
|
1.10
|
|
|
|
1.01
|
|
Impairment of unproved properties
|
|
|
1.68
|
|
|
|
2.02
|
|
|
|
4.37
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
7.34
|
|
|
|
7.23
|
|
|
|
6.09
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
14.28
|
|
|
|
16.80
|
|
|
|
16.25
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Lease operating expenses per Boe include ad valorem taxes. |
Oil, NGL and gas sales. Oil, NGL and gas sales
increased $16.9 million, or 42%, in 2010 to
$57.6 million from $40.6 million in 2009. Of the
$16.9 million increase in oil, NGL and gas sales in 2010,
approximately $11.9 million was attributable to an increase
in prices we received for our natural gas, oil and NGL
production, and approximately $5 million was attributable
to an increase in production volumes. In 2010, the average price
we received for our production, before the effect of commodity
derivatives, increased to $37.00 per Boe from $27.69 per Boe, or
a 34% increase. Subject to commodity prices, we expect oil, NGL
and gas sales to increase in 2011 due to increased production
volumes from our drilling program in the Permian Basin, the
Working Interest Acquisition and realization of NGL revenues in
Ozona Northeast.
48
Oil, NGL and gas sales decreased $39.2 million, or 49.2%,
in 2009 to $40.6 million from $79.9 million in 2008.
The decrease in oil, NGL and gas sales principally resulted from
sharp decreases in the price we received for our natural gas,
oil and NGL production. The average price we received for our
production, before the effect of commodity derivatives,
decreased to $27.69 per Boe from $54.74 per Boe, or a 49.4%
decrease. Of the $39.2 million decrease in oil, NGL and gas
sales, approximately $41.1 million was attributable to a
decrease in oil, NGL and gas prices, partially offset by
$1.9 million in oil, NGL and gas sales attributable to a
slight increase in production volumes over the prior year. The
following table summarizes our oil, NGL and gas sales for each
of the last three years (in thousands).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
Revenues
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Gas
|
|
$
|
28,176
|
|
|
$
|
23,406
|
|
|
$
|
58,819
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
18,640
|
|
|
|
11,323
|
|
|
|
16,413
|
|
NGLs
|
|
|
10,765
|
|
|
|
5,919
|
|
|
|
4,637
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil, NGL and gas sales
|
|
|
57,581
|
|
|
|
40,648
|
|
|
|
79,869
|
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
5,784
|
|
|
|
14,659
|
|
|
|
2,936
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil, NGL and gas sales including derivative impact
|
|
$
|
63,365
|
|
|
$
|
55,307
|
|
|
$
|
82,805
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil, NGL and gas production. Production for
2010 totaled 1,556 MBoe (4.3 MBoe/d), compared to
1,468 MBoe (4 MBoe/d) in 2009, a 6% increase. Oil and
NGL production for 2010 increased 22% to 507 MBbls,
compared to 415 MBbls produced in 2009. Production for 2010
was 67% natural gas and 33% oil and NGLs, compared to 72%
natural gas and 28% oil and NGLs in 2009. Production volumes for
2010 increased as a result of our ongoing development activities
in the Permian Basin, partially offset by the natural decline of
our production. We expect production to materially increase in
2011 due to the Working Interest Acquisition and our expected
drilling program in the Permian Basin. Production for 2009
totaled 1,468 MBoe (4 MBoe/d), compared to
1,459 MBoe (4 MBoe/d) in 2008. Production for 2009 was
72% natural gas and 28% oil and NGLs, compared to 81% natural
gas and 19% oil and NGLs for 2008. The following table
summarizes our production for each of the last three years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
Production
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Gas (MMcf)
|
|
|
6,290
|
|
|
|
6,320
|
|
|
|
7,092
|
|
Oil (MBbls)
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
NGLs (MBbls)
|
|
|
261
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (MBoe)
|
|
|
1,556
|
|
|
|
1,468
|
|
|
|
1,459
|
|
Total (MBoe/d)
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
Commodity derivative activities. Realized
gains from our commodity derivative activity increased our
earnings by $5.8 million, $14.7 million and
$2.9 million for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Realized gains and losses are derived from the relative movement
of gas prices in relation to the fixed notional pricing of our
commodity derivatives positions or the range of prices in our
collars for the respective years. The unrealized gain on
commodity derivatives was $788,000 and $7.1 million for
2010 and 2008, respectively, and the unrealized loss on
commodity derivatives was $9.9 million for 2009. As natural
gas commodity prices increase or decrease, the fair value of the
open portion of those positions decreases or increases. The
unrealized loss for 2009 primarily resulted from the settlement
of derivative contracts which were outstanding at
December 31, 2008.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow hedges. We record our open derivative instruments
at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets as either
unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivatives. We record
changes in such fair value in earnings on our consolidated
statements of
49
operations under the caption entitled unrealized gain
(loss) on commodity derivatives. The following table
summarizes the prices we received for gas, oil and NGLs for each
of the last three years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
Average prices
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Gas (per Mcf)
|
|
$
|
4.48
|
|
|
$
|
3.70
|
|
|
$
|
8.29
|
|
Oil (per Bbl)
|
|
|
75.67
|
|
|
|
54.97
|
|
|
|
93.79
|
|
NGLs (per Bbl)
|
|
|
41.19
|
|
|
|
28.32
|
|
|
|
45.46
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (per Boe)
|
|
|
37.00
|
|
|
|
27.69
|
|
|
|
54.74
|
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives (per Boe)
|
|
|
3.72
|
|
|
|
9.99
|
|
|
|
2.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total including derivative impact (per Boe)
|
|
$
|
40.72
|
|
|
$
|
37.68
|
|
|
$
|
56.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expense. Our lease operating
expense (LOE) for 2010 was $8.6 million ($5.50
per Boe), compared to $7.8 million ($5.30 per Boe) for
2009. The increase in LOE per Boe over the prior year period was
primarily due to an increase in water hauling and insurance and
ad valorem taxes, partially offset by a decrease in compressor
rental and repair over the prior year period. Compressor related
expenses declined due to the release of a rental amine plant
during the second half of 2009 and lower negotiated compressor
rentals. Ad valorem taxes and water hauling, insurance and other
LOE increased as a result of an increase in the number of wells
from our continued development in the Permian Basin. For 2011,
we expect LOE per BOE to be relatively consistent despite higher
service costs, which we expect will be partially offset by
increased production volumes.
LOE increased $156,000, or 2%, for 2009 to $7.8 million
($5.30 per Boe) from $7.6 million ($5.22 per Boe) for 2008.
Increases in ad valorem taxes and pumpers and supervision costs
were partially offset by decreases in well repair and
maintenance and workover costs. Following is a summary of lease
operating expenses (per Boe):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
Compressor rental and repair
|
|
$
|
1.45
|
|
|
$
|
1.62
|
|
|
$
|
(0.17
|
)
|
|
|
(10.5
|
)%
|
|
$
|
1.62
|
|
|
$
|
1.66
|
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
(2.4
|
)%
|
Ad valorem taxes
|
|
|
1.24
|
|
|
|
1.20
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
1.20
|
|
|
|
0.82
|
|
|
|
0.38
|
|
|
|
46.3
|
|
Water hauling, insurance and other
|
|
|
1.16
|
|
|
|
0.86
|
|
|
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
34.9
|
|
|
|
0.86
|
|
|
|
0.85
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
Pumpers and supervision
|
|
|
1.01
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
0.86
|
|
|
|
0.14
|
|
|
|
16.3
|
|
Well repair and maintenance
|
|
|
0.54
|
|
|
|
0.56
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
(3.6
|
)
|
|
|
0.56
|
|
|
|
0.80
|
|
|
|
(0.24
|
)
|
|
|
(30.0
|
)
|
Workovers
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
66.7
|
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
|
|
0.23
|
|
|
|
(0.17
|
)
|
|
|
(73.9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
5.50
|
|
|
$
|
5.30
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
|
$
|
5.30
|
|
|
$
|
5.22
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes. Our severance
and production taxes increased $1 million, or 50%, for 2010
to $3 million from $2 million for 2009. The increase
in severance and production taxes was primarily a function of
the increase in oil, NGL and gas sales between 2010 and 2009.
Severance and production taxes amounted to approximately 5.2%
and 4.9% of oil, NGL and gas sales for the respective periods.
For 2011, we expect severance and production taxes as a percent
of oil, NGL and gas sales will remain relatively consistent
compared to the severance and production taxes for 2010.
In 2009, our severance and production taxes decreased
$2.2 million, or 52.5%, for 2009 to $2 million from
$4.2 million for 2008. The decrease in production taxes was
a function of the decrease in oil, NGL and gas sales between
2009 and 2008. Severance and production taxes amounted to
approximately 4.9% and 5.3% of oil, NGL and gas sales for 2009
and 2008, respectively.
Exploration expense. We recorded
$2.6 million and $1.6 million of exploration expense
for 2010 and 2009, respectively. Exploration expense for 2010
resulted primarily from
3-D seismic
acquisition in Cinco Terry and lease renewals in Ozona
Northeast, Cinco Terry and Kentucky. Exploration expense for the
2009 period resulted primarily from the expiration of leases for
approximately 2,300 net acres in Ozona Northeast
50
and Cinco Terry. We also recorded $1.5 million of
exploration expense for 2008. Exploration expense for 2008
resulted from one dry hole drilled in Ozona Northeast and
$965,000 of lease extensions in Ozona Northeast.
Impairment of unproved properties. We review
our long-lived assets to be held and used, including proved and
unproved oil and gas properties accounted for under the
successful efforts method of accounting. As a result of this
review of the recoverability of the carrying value of our
assets, we recorded an impairment of unproved oil and gas
properties of $2.6 million, $3 million and
$6.4 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The 2010
impairment resulted from a write-off of $2.6 million in
costs in our Boomerang project, and represented the remaining
carrying value we had recorded for the project. The 2009
impairment resulted from a write-off of $3 million in costs
in Northeast British Columbia, and represented the remaining
carrying value we had recorded for the project. The 2008
impairment resulted from a write-off of $2.3 million of
drilling costs incurred for three test wells in our Boomerang
project and $4.1 related to the drilling and completion of three
wells in our Northeast British Columbia project.
General and administrative expenses. Our
general and administrative expenses (G&A)
increased $805,000, or 8%, to $11.4 million ($7.34 per Boe)
for 2010, from $10.6 million ($7.23 per Boe) for 2009. The
increase in G&A was principally due to higher share-based
compensation, salaries and benefits. For 2011, we expect
G&A to be slightly higher as compared to 2010 as result of
staffing increases that continued to occur throughout 2010.
G&A increased $1.7 million, or 19.5%, to
$10.6 million ($7.23 per Boe) for 2009 from
$8.9 million ($6.09 per Boe) for 2008. Our G&A for
2009 included higher share-based compensation, as well as higher
salaries, related employee benefit costs attributable to an
increase in staff from the prior year period and a severance
payment to a former officer. Our G&A for 2009 also included
an increase in franchise taxes. Following is a summary of
G&A (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
Salaries and benefits
|
|
$
|
5.1
|
|
|
$
|
4.9
|
|
|
$
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
4.9
|
|
|
$
|
4.0
|
|
|
$
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
22.5
|
%
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
44.4
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
63.6
|
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
1.3
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(7.1
|
)
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash incentive compensation
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
(0.5
|
)
|
|
|
(50.0
|
)
|
Rent expense
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
66.7
|
|
Data processing
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
|
|
(33.3
|
)
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
200.0
|
|
State franchise taxes
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
|
|
(50.0
|
)
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Other
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
60.0
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
(0.4
|
)
|
|
|
(44.4
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
11.4
|
|
|
$
|
10.6
|
|
|
$
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
7.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
10.6
|
|
|
$
|
8.9
|
|
|
$
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
19.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and amortization
expense. Our depletion, depreciation and
amortization expense (DD&A) decreased
$2.4 million, or 9.9%, to $22.2 million for 2010, from
$24.7 million for 2009. Our DD&A per Boe decreased by
$2.52, or 15%, to $14.28 per Boe for 2010, compared to $16.80
per Boe for 2009. The decrease in DD&A was primarily
attributable to an increase in estimated proved developed
reserves at December 31, 2010, partially offset by higher
capital costs over the prior year. Our estimated proved
developed reserves at December 31, 2010, increased
primarily due to expected NGL recoveries in Ozona Northeast
beginning April 1, 2011, higher commodity prices and well
performance and results of development drilling in Cinco Terry.
DD&A increased $950,000, or 4%, to $24.7 million for
2009 from $23.7 million for 2008. Our DD&A per Boe
increased by $0.55, or 3.4%, to $16.80 per Boe for 2009 compared
to $16.25 per Boe for 2008. The increase in DD&A was
primarily attributable to an increase in oil and gas property
costs, partially offset by an increase in estimated proved oil
and gas reserves.
Interest expense, net. Our interest expense,
net, increased $402,000, or 22.5%, to $2.2 million for
2010, from $1.8 million for 2009. This increase was the
result of higher average notes payable balances outstanding as
well as an increase in amortization of $268,000 for deferred
loan costs during 2010. The weighted average interest rate
applicable to our outstanding borrowings during 2010 and 2009,
was 3.4% and 3.2%, respectively.
51
Our interest expense increased $518,000, or 40.8%, to
$1.8 million for 2009 from $1.3 million for 2008. This
increase was substantially the result of our higher average debt
level during 2009. The weighted average interest rate applicable
to our outstanding borrowings during 2009 and 2008, was 3.2% and
4.8%, respectively.
Income taxes. Our income taxes increased
$4.9 million to $4.1 million for 2010, from a benefit
of $785,000 for 2009. The increase in income taxes was due to
higher pre-tax income in 2010, partially offset by higher taxes
in 2009 from a change in our estimated income tax provision for
the year ended December 31, 2008. Our effective income tax
rate for 2010 was 35.5%, compared with 13.1% for 2009. The lower
effective tax rate in the 2009 period primarily resulted from an
increased impact of permanent differences from book and taxable
income, partially offset by an increase in our estimated income
taxes for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Our income taxes decreased to a benefit of $785,000 for 2009
compared with expense of $12.1 million for 2008. Our
effective income tax rate for 2009 was 13.1%, compared with
34.1% for 2008. The decrease in the effective rate resulted
primarily from a change in our estimated income tax expenses for
2008, along with an increased impact of permanent differences
between book and taxable income and increased effective state
income tax rates.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
We generally will rely on cash generated from operations,
borrowings under our revolving credit facility and, to the
extent that credit and capital market conditions will allow,
future public equity and debt offerings to satisfy our liquidity
needs. Our ability to fund planned capital expenditures and to
make acquisitions depends upon our future operating performance,
availability of borrowings under our revolving credit facility,
and more broadly, on the availability of equity and debt
financing, which is affected by prevailing economic conditions
in our industry and financial, business and other factors, some
of which are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether
additional liquidity from equity or debt financings beyond our
revolving credit facility will be available on acceptable terms,
or at all, in the foreseeable future.
Our cash flow from operations is driven by commodity prices,
production volumes and the effect of commodity derivatives.
Prices for oil and gas are affected by national and
international economic and political environments, national and
global supply and demand for hydrocarbons, seasonal influences
of weather and other factors beyond our control. Cash flows from
operations are primarily used to fund exploration and
development of our oil and gas properties.
We believe we have adequate liquidity from cash generated from
operations and unused borrowing capacity under our revolving
credit facility for current working capital needs and
maintenance of our current drilling program. However, we may
determine to access the public or private equity or debt markets
for future development of reserves, acquisitions, additional
working capital or other liquidity needs, if such financing is
available on acceptable terms. We cannot guarantee that such
financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all.
Liquidity
We define liquidity as funds available under our revolving
credit facility plus year-end net cash and cash equivalents. At
December 31, 2010, we had no long-term debt outstanding
under our revolving credit facility, compared to
$32.3 million and $43.5 million in long-term debt
outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
The following table summarizes our liquidity position at
December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Borrowing base
|
|
$
|
150,000
|
|
|
$
|
115,000
|
|
|
$
|
100,000
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
23,465
|
|
|
|
2,685
|
|
|
|
4,077
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(32,319
|
)
|
|
|
(43,537
|
)
|
Unused letters of credit
|
|
|
(350
|
)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidity
|
|
$
|
173,115
|
|
|
$
|
84,966
|
|
|
$
|
60,140
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52
In November 2010, we issued 6.6 million shares of common
stock at $16.25 per share in the 2010 Offering. After deducting
underwriting discounts and estimated transaction costs of
approximately $5.7 million, we received net proceeds of
approximately $101.8 million, which we intend to use to
fund our capital expenditures for the development of our
Wolffork oil shale resource play, working interest and leasehold
acquisitions in the Permian Basin and general working capital
needs. Pending these uses, we used a portion of the proceeds of
the 2010 Offering to repay all outstanding borrowings under our
revolving credit facility. In 2009, while commodity prices were
low and demand for natural gas was reduced, we decreased our
capital spending in order to preserve our liquidity and improve
our financial position. As a result, we paid down our long-term
debt and increased our liquidity by over 40%, from
$60.5 million at December 31, 2008, to
$85.4 million at December 31, 2009.
In February 2011, we acquired an additional 38% working interest
in Cinco Terry from two non-operating partners for
$76 million. The Working Interest Acquisition was funded
with borrowings under our revolving credit facility and cash on
hand, which will materially decrease liquidity available to us
in 2011 and beyond. After giving effect to the financing of the
Working Interest Acquisition, we had approximately
$67 million in outstanding borrowings under our revolving
credit facility at February 28, 2011. We believe we have
adequate liquidity from cash generated from operations and
unused borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility
for current working capital needs and maintenance of our current
drilling program. However, we may determine to access the public
or private equity or debt markets for future development of
reserves, acquisitions, additional working capital or other
liquidity needs, if such financing is available on acceptable
terms. We cannot guarantee that such financing will be available
on acceptable terms or at all.
Working
Capital
Our working capital is affected primarily by our cash and cash
equivalents balance and our capital spending program. At
December 31, 2010, we had a working capital surplus of
$12.1 million as compared to a working capital deficit of
$10 million and a working capital surplus of
$4.1 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. The surplus for 2010 was largely caused by the
increase in our cash balance. As a result of the Working
Interest Acquisition and our planned capital expenditure budget
for 2011, we expect to operate and end the year 2011 with a
working capital deficit. Our working capital deficits have been
historically attributable to accrued liabilities and have been
more than offset by liquidity available under our revolving
credit facility. To the extent we operate or end the year 2011
with a working capital deficit, we expect such deficit to be
more than offset by liquidity available under our revolving
credit facility.
Cash
Flows
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of funds for
the periods noted (in thousands).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Cash flows provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
42,377
|
|
|
$
|
39,761
|
|
|
$
|
56,381
|
|
Cash flows used in investing activities
|
|
|
(91,346
|
)
|
|
|
(29,553
|
)
|
|
|
(100,633
|
)
|
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
69,748
|
|
|
|
(11,618
|
)
|
|
|
43,750
|
|
Effect of Canadian exchange rate
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
20,780
|
|
|
$
|
(1,392
|
)
|
|
$
|
(708
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For 2010, our primary sources of cash were from operating
activities and the 2010 Offering. Approximately
$42.4 million of cash from operations was used to fund a
portion of our drilling program and pay down our long-term debt.
In the 2010 Offering, we sold 6,612,500 shares of common
stock. After deducting underwriting discounts and estimated
transaction costs of approximately $5.7 million, we
received net proceeds of approximately $101.8 million. We
intend to use proceeds from the 2010 Offering to fund our
capital expenditures for the development of our Wolffork oil
shale resource play, working interest and leasehold acquisitions
in the Permian Basin and general working capital needs. Pending
these uses, we used a portion of the proceeds of the 2010
Offering to repay all outstanding borrowings under our revolving
credit facility.
53
In 2009, our primary sources of cash were from operating
activities. Approximately $39.8 million of cash from
operations was used to fund our drilling program and
3-D seismic
operations and pay down our long-term debt.
In 2008, our primary sources of cash were from financing and
operating activities. Approximately $43.5 million from
borrowings (net of payments) under our revolving credit facility
and $56.4 million cash from operations were used to fund
our drilling program and the acquisition of a 95% working
interest below the top of the Strawn formation and rights to
75 miles of gathering system in Ozona Northeast.
Operating
Activities
During 2010, our cash flows from operations, borrowings under
our revolving credit facility and available cash were used
primarily for drilling activities in Cinco Terry and Ozona
Northeast, leasehold acquisitions and a
3-D seismic
program in our Permian Basin operations. Cash flows from
operating activities increased by 6.8%, or $2.7 million, to
$42.4 million from 2009 partially due to a 42% increase in
oil and gas sales in 2010. Cash flows provided by operating
activities also were affected by an increase in cash flows used
by working capital during 2010.
For 2009, our cash flow from operations, borrowings under our
revolving credit facility and available cash were used for
drilling activities,
3-D seismic
operations and for the payment of a portion of our long-term
debt. The $39.8 million in cash flows generated in the 2009
period decreased $16.7 million from the same period in 2008
due primarily to a $39.2 million decline in oil and gas
sales, partially offset by a $10 million decrease in
working capital components and a net increase of
$12.5 million in other cash income and expense items.
For 2008, our cash flow from operations, borrowings under our
revolving credit facility and available cash were used for
drilling activities. The $56.4 million in cash flow
generated during 2008 period increased by $25.7 million
from 2007 due primarily to an increase in oil, NGL and gas sales
and a decrease in general and administrative expenses. Partially
offsetting the increase in oil, NGL and gas sales and decrease
in general administrative expenses was a reduction in working
capital and an increase in LOE and production taxes in the 2008
period compared to the 2007 period.
Investing
Activities
Cash flows used in investing activities increased by
$61.8 million for 2010 as compared to 2009, which primarily
reflects expenditures for drilling and acquisitions in our core
operating area in the Permian Basin. During 2010, we drilled a
total of 91 gross (56.2 net) wells, compared to
32 gross (18 net) wells in 2009. Also in 2010, we acquired
a 10% working interest in Cinco Terry from a non-operating
partner for $21.2 million, net of purchase price
adjustments.
Cash flows used in investing activities decreased by
$71.1 million in 2009 as compared to 2008, which primarily
reflects reduced expenditures for drilling and development of
our oil and gas properties. We substantially decreased our
drilling activity in 2009 as a result of low commodity prices
and to preserve liquidity. We drilled 32 gross (18 net)
wells in 2009. In 2008, we drilled or participated in
96 gross (62.5 net) wells.
54
The majority of our cash flows used in investing activities for
the years ended 2010, 2009 and 2008 have been used for drilling
and acquisitions in our core operating area in the Permian Basin
and East Texas Basin. The following table is a summary of
capital expenditures related to our oil and gas properties (in
thousands).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Permian Basin
|
|
$
|
56,211
|
|
|
$
|
26,398
|
|
|
$
|
63,725
|
|
Permian Basin Acquisitions
|
|
|
21,179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,346
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
77,390
|
|
|
|
26,398
|
|
|
|
74,071
|
|
East Texas Basin
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
1,554
|
|
|
|
15,871
|
|
Exploratory Projects
|
|
|
285
|
|
|
|
237
|
|
|
|
3,459
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
1,636
|
|
|
|
(1,959
|
)
|
|
|
2,365
|
|
Lease acquisition, geological, geophysical and other
|
|
|
11,604
|
|
|
|
2,760
|
|
|
|
4,323
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
91,016
|
|
|
$
|
28,990
|
|
|
$
|
100,089
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing
Activities
We borrowed $121.8 million under our revolving credit
facility in 2010 compared to $67.4 million in 2009 and
$121.7 million in 2008. We repaid a total of
$154.1 million, $78.6 million and $78.2 million
of amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility for
2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
In the 2010 Offering, we issued 6.6 million shares of
common stock at $16.25 per share in an underwritten public
offering. After deducting underwriting discounts and estimated
transaction costs of approximately $5.7 million, we
received net proceeds of approximately $101.8 million,
which we intend to use to fund our capital expenditures for the
development of our Wolffork oil shale resource play, working
interest and leasehold acquisitions in the Permian Basin and
general working capital needs. Pending these uses, we used a
portion of the proceeds of the 2010 Offering to repay all
outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Our current goal is to manage our borrowings to help us maintain
financial flexibility and liquidity, and to avoid the problems
associated with highly-leveraged companies with large interest
costs and possible debt reductions restricting ongoing
operations.
We believe we have adequate liquidity from cash generated from
operations and unused borrowing capacity under our revolving
credit facility for current working capital needs and
maintenance of our current drilling program. However, we may
determine to access the public or private equity or debt markets
for future development of reserves, acquisitions, additional
working capital or other liquidity needs, if such financing is
available on acceptable terms. We cannot guarantee that such
financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all.
2011
Capital Expenditures
In November 2010, we announced a 2011 capital budget of
$100 million. In January 2011, we acquired approximately
10,900 contiguous, net acres approximately nine miles west of
our existing acreage in northeast Crockett County, Texas. In
addition, in February 2011, we acquired the remaining 38%
working interest in Cinco Terry from two non-operating partners
for approximately $76 million. Given our recent activity,
in March 2011 we increased our capital budget to
$220 million, of which $130 million is allocated to
drilling and recompletion projects in the Permian Basin and
approximately $90 million will be allocated to lease
extensions and renewals in the Permian Basin as well as the
recent acreage and Working Interest Acquisition.
Our 2011 capital budget is subject to change depending upon a
number of factors, including additional data on our Wolffork oil
shale resource play, results of Wolfcamp Shale and Wolffork
drilling and recompletions, economic and industry conditions at
the time of drilling, prevailing and anticipated prices for oil,
gas and NGLs, the availability of sufficient capital resources
for drilling prospects, our financial results and the
availability of lease extensions and renewals on reasonable
terms.
55
Revolving
Credit Facility
We have a $200 million revolving credit facility with a
borrowing base set at $150 million. The borrowing base is
redetermined semi-annually on or before each April 1 and October
1 based on our oil and gas reserves. We or the lenders can each
request one additional borrowing base redetermination each
calendar year.
Currently, the maturity date under our revolving credit facility
is July 31, 2012. Borrowings bear interest based on the
agent banks prime rate plus an applicable margin ranging
from 1.25% to 2.25%, or the sum of the Eurodollar rate plus an
applicable margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.25%. Margins vary
based on the borrowings outstanding compared to the borrowing
base. In addition, we pay an annual commitment of 0.50% of
non-used borrowings available under our revolving credit
facility.
We had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit
facility at December 31, 2010. We had outstanding unused
letters of credit under our revolving credit facility totaling
$350,000 at December 31, 2010, which reduce amounts
available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility.
Loans under our revolving credit facility are secured by first
priority liens on substantially all of our West Texas assets and
are guaranteed by our subsidiaries.
At February 28, 2011, we had $67 million in
outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, with
a weighted average interest rate of 4.75%.
Covenants
Our credit agreement contains two principal financial covenants:
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a consolidated modified current ratio covenant that requires us
to maintain a ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0 at all times.
The consolidated modified current ratio is calculated by
dividing Consolidated Current Assets (as defined in the credit
agreement) by Consolidated Current Liabilities (as defined in
the credit agreement). As defined more specifically in the
credit agreement, the consolidated modified current ratio is
calculated as current assets less current unrealized gains on
commodity derivatives plus the available borrowing base at the
respective balance sheet date, divided by current liabilities
less current unrealized losses on commodity derivatives at the
respective balance sheet date.
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a consolidated funded debt to consolidated EBITDAX ratio
covenant that requires us to maintain a ratio of not more than
3.5 to 1.0 at the end of each fiscal quarter. The consolidated
funded debt to consolidated EBITDAX ratio is calculated by
dividing Consolidated Funded Debt (as defined in the credit
agreement) by Consolidated EBITDAX (as defined in the credit
agreement). As defined more specifically in the credit
agreement, consolidated EBITDAX is calculated as net income
(loss), plus (1) exploration expense, (2) depletion,
depreciation and amortization expense, (3) share-based
compensation expense, (4) unrealized loss on commodity
derivatives, (5) interest expense, (6) income and
franchise taxes and (7) certain other non-cash expenses,
less (1) gains or losses from sales or dispositions of
assets, (2) unrealized gain on commodity derivatives and
(3) extraordinary or non-recurring gains. For purposes of
calculating this ratio, consolidated EBITDAX for a fiscal
quarter is annualized pursuant to the credit agreement.
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Our credit agreement also restricts cash dividends and other
restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, incurrence of
other debt, consolidations and mergers, the level of operating
leases, assets sales, investments in other entities and liens on
properties.
In addition, our credit agreement contains customary events of
default that would permit our lenders to accelerate the debt
under our credit agreement if not cured within applicable grace
periods, including, among others, failure to make payments of
principal or interest when due, materially incorrect
representations and warranties, failure to make mandatory
prepayments in the event of borrowing base deficiencies, breach
of covenants, defaults upon other obligations in excess of
$500,000, events of bankruptcy, the occurrence of one or more
unstayed judgments in excess of $500,000 not covered by an
acceptable policy of insurance, failure to pay any obligation in
excess of $500,000 owed under any derivatives transaction or in
any amount if the obligation under the derivatives transaction
is secured by collateral under the credit agreement, any event
of default by the Company occurs under any agreement entered
into in connection with a derivatives transaction,
56
liens securing the loans under the credit agreement cease to be
in place, a Change in Control (as more specifically defined in
the credit agreement) of the Company occurs, and dissolution of
the Company.
At December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with all of our
covenants and had not committed any acts of default under the
credit agreement.
To date we have experienced no disruptions in our ability to
access our revolving credit facility. However, our lenders have
substantial ability to reduce our borrowing base on the basis of
subjective factors, including the loan collateral value that
each lender, in its discretion and using the methodology,
assumptions and discount rates as such lender customarily uses
in evaluating oil and gas properties, assigns to our properties.
Contractual
Obligations
As of December 31, 2010, our contractual obligations
consisted of daywork drilling contracts, operating lease
obligations, asset retirement obligations and employment
agreements with our executive officers.
We periodically enter into contractual arrangements under which
we are committed to expend funds to drill wells in the future,
including agreements to secure drilling rig services, which
require us to make future minimum payments to the rig operators.
We record drilling commitments in the periods in which well
capital expenditures are incurred or rig services are provided.
Our commitment under daywork drilling contracts was
$4.3 million at December 31, 2010.
In April 2007, we signed a five-year lease for approximately
13,000 square feet of office space in Fort Worth,
Texas. In August 2008, we expanded our office space under an
amendment to the lease to approximately 18,000 square feet.
In December 2010, we expanded our office space under an
amendment to the lease to approximately 23,400 square feet.
In January 2011, we began rent payments of approximately $9,000
per month, bringing our total office lease payment to
approximately $45,000 per month.
Our asset retirement obligation primarily represents the
estimated present value of the amount we will incur to plug,
abandon and remediate our producing properties at the end of
their productive lives, in accordance with applicable federal,
state and local laws. We determine our asset retirement
obligation by calculating the present value of estimated cash
flows related to the liability. The retirement obligation is
recorded as a liability at its estimated present value as of the
assets inception, with an offsetting increase to proved
properties. Periodic accretion of discount of the estimated
liability is recorded as an expense in the income statement.
At December 31, 2010, we had outstanding employment
agreements with two of our executive officers that contained
automatic renewal provisions providing that such agreements may
be automatically renewed for successive terms of one year unless
the employment is terminated at the end of the term by written
notice given to the employee not less than 60 days prior to
the end of such term. Our maximum commitment under the
employment agreements, which would apply if the employees
covered by these agreements were each terminated without cause,
was approximately $757,000 at December 31, 2010.
The following table summarizes these commitments as of
December 31, 2010 (in thousands).
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Payments Due By Period
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Less than
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More than
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Contractual Obligations
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Total
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1 Year
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1-3 Years
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3-5 Years
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5 Years
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Daywork drilling contracts(1)
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$
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4,338
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$
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4,338
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$
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$
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$
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Operating lease obligations(2)
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1,021
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548
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473
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Asset retirement obligations(3)
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5,416
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5,416
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Employment agreements with executive officers(4)
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757
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757
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Total
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$
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11,532
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$
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5,643
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$
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473
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$
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$
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5,416
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(1) |
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At December 31, 2010, daywork drilling contracts related to
two drilling rigs were contracted through March 31, 2011,
and June 30, 2011, respectively. In March 2011, we renewed
a daywork drilling contract for a third rig through August 2011
at a rate of $10,500 per day. |
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(2) |
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Operating lease obligations are for office space and equipment. |
57
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(3) |
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See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for a
discussion of our asset retirement obligations. |
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(4) |
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As of January 24, 2011, we had entered into amended and
restated or new employment agreements, each with two-year
initial terms, with five executive officers. We estimate that
our maximum commitment under these employment agreements, which
would apply if the employees covered by these agreements were
all terminated without cause, was approximately $4 million
as of the date of this report. This estimate assumes the maximum
potential bonus for 2011 is earned by each employee during 2011
with no prorated amounts due to partial year of service. |
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
From time to time, we enter into off-balance sheet arrangements
and transactions that can give rise to
off-balance
sheet obligations. As of December 31, 2010, the off-balance
sheet arrangements and transactions that we have entered into
include undrawn letters of credit, operating lease agreements
and gas transportation commitments. We do not believe that these
arrangements are reasonably likely to materially affect our
liquidity or availability of, or requirements for, capital
resources.
General
Trends and Outlook
Our financial results depend upon many factors, particularly the
price of oil and gas. Commodity prices are affected by changes
in market demand, which is impacted by overall economic
activity, weather, pipeline capacity constraints, estimates of
inventory storage levels, gas price differentials and other
factors. As a result, we cannot accurately predict future oil
and gas prices, and therefore, we cannot determine what effect
increases or decreases will have on our capital program,
production volumes and future revenues. A substantial or
extended decline in oil and gas prices could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of
operations, quantities of oil and gas reserves that may be
economically produced and liquidity that may be accessed through
our borrowing base under our revolving credit facility and
through capital markets.
In addition to production volumes and commodity prices, finding
and developing sufficient amounts of oil and gas reserves at
economical costs are critical to our long-term success. Future
finding and development costs are subject to changes in the
industry, including the costs of acquiring, drilling and
completing our projects. We focus our efforts on increasing oil
and gas reserves and production while controlling costs at a
level that is appropriate for long-term operations. Our future
cash flow from operations will depend on our ability to manage
our overall cost structure.
Like all oil and gas production companies, we face the challenge
of natural production declines. Oil and gas production from a
given well naturally decreases over time. Additionally, our
reserves have a rapid initial decline. We attempt to overcome
this natural decline by drilling to develop and identify
additional reserves, farm-ins or other joint drilling ventures,
and by acquisitions. However, during times of severe price
declines, we may from time to time reduce current capital
expenditures and curtail drilling operations in order to
preserve liquidity. A material reduction in capital expenditures
and drilling activities could materially reduce our production
volumes and revenues and increase future expected costs
necessary to develop existing reserves.
We also face the challenge of financing exploration, development
and future acquisitions. We believe we have adequate liquidity
from cash generated from operations and unused borrowing
capacity under our revolving credit facility for current working
capital needs and maintenance of our current drilling program.
However, we may determine to access the public or private equity
or debt markets for future development of reserves,
acquisitions, additional working capital or other liquidity
needs, if such financing is available on acceptable terms. We
cannot guarantee that such financing will be available on
acceptable terms or at all.
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Item 7A.
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Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
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Some of the information below contains forward-looking
statements. The primary objective of the following information
is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative
information about our potential exposure to market risks. The
term market risk refers to the risk of loss arising
from adverse changes in oil and gas prices, and other related
factors. The disclosure is not meant to be a precise indicator
of expected future losses, but rather an indicator of reasonably
possible losses. This forward-looking information
58
provides an indicator of how we view and manage our ongoing
market risk exposures. Our market risk sensitive instruments
were entered into for commodity derivative and investment
purposes, not for trading purposes.
Proved
Reserves
Estimates of proved oil and gas reserves directly impact
financial accounting estimates including depletion, depreciation
and amortization expense, evaluation of impairment of properties
and the calculation of plugging and abandonment liabilities.
Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas,
which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be
estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically
producible from a given date forward, from known
reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating
methods, and government regulations The process of estimating
quantities of proved reserves is very complex, requiring
significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all
geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir.
The data for any reservoir may change substantially over time
due to results from operational activity. Proved reserve volumes
at December 31, 2010, were estimated based on the average
of the closing price on the first day of each month for the
12-month
period prior to December 31, 2010, for natural gas, oil and
NGLs in accordance with SEC rules. Changes in commodity prices
and operations costs may increase or decrease estimates of
proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. Depletion expense for
our oil and gas properties is determined using our estimates of
proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. A hypothetical 10%
decline in our December 31, 2010, estimated proved reserves
would have increased our depletion expense by approximately
$587,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Commodity
Price Risk
Given the current economic outlook, we expect commodity prices
to remain volatile. Even modest decreases in commodity prices
can materially affect our revenues and cash flow. In addition,
if commodity prices remain suppressed for a significant amount
of time, we could be required under successful efforts
accounting rules to perform a write down of our oil and gas
properties.
We enter into financial swaps to reduce the risk of commodity
price fluctuations. We do not designate such instruments as cash
flow hedges. Accordingly, we record open commodity derivative
positions on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value and
recognize changes in such fair values as income (expense) on our
consolidated statements of operations as they occur.
At December 31, 2010, we had the following commodity
derivative positions outstanding:
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Volume (MMBtu)
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$/MMBtu
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Period
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Monthly
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Total
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Fixed
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NYMEX Henry Hub
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Price swaps 2011
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230,000
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2,760,000
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$
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4.86
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Price call 2012
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230,000
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2,760,000
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$
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6.00
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WAHA basis differential
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Basis swaps 2011
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300,000
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3,600,000
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$
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(0.53
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)
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At December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the fair
value of our open derivative contracts was a net liability of
approximately $1.1 million and $1.9 million,
respectively.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association and KeyBank National
Association are currently the only counterparties to our
commodity derivatives positions. We are exposed to credit losses
in the event of nonperformance by counterparties on our
commodity derivatives positions. However, we do not anticipate
nonperformance by the counterparties over the term of the
commodity derivatives positions. JPMorgan is the administrative
agent and a participant, and KeyBank is the documentation agent
and a participant, in our revolving credit facility and the
collateral for the outstanding borrowings under our revolving
credit facility is used as collateral for our commodity
derivatives.
Unrealized gains and losses, at fair value, are included on our
consolidated balance sheets as current or non-current assets or
liabilities based on the anticipated timing of cash settlements
under the related contracts. Changes in the fair value of our
commodity derivative contracts are recorded in earnings as they
occur and
59
included in other income (expense) on our consolidated
statements of operations. We estimate the fair values of swap
contracts based on the present value of the difference in
exchange-quoted forward price curves and contractual settlement
prices multiplied by notional quantities. We internally valued
the option contracts using industry-standard option pricing
models and observable market inputs. We use our internal
valuations to determine the fair values of the contracts that
are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains
and losses are also included in other income (expense) on our
consolidated statements of operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2008, we
recognized an unrealized gain of $788,000 and $7.1 million,
respectively, from the change in the fair value of commodity
derivatives. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we
recognized an unrealized loss of $9.9 million from the
change in the fair value of commodity derivatives. A
hypothetical 10% increase in the NYMEX floating prices would
have resulted in a $1.8 million decrease in the
December 31, 2010, fair value recorded on our balance
sheet, and a corresponding increase to the loss on commodity
derivatives in our statement of operations.
To estimate the fair value of our commodity derivatives
positions, we use market data or assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability,
including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the
inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily
observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable. We
primarily apply the market approach for recurring fair value
measurements and attempt to use the best available information.
We determine the fair value based upon the hierarchy that
prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy
gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1
measurement) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs
(Level 3 measurement). The three levels of fair value
hierarchy are as follows:
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Level 1 Quoted prices are available in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting
date. At December 31, 2010, we had no Level 1
measurements.
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Level 2 Pricing inputs are other than quoted
prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are
either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting
date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are
valued using models or other valuation methodologies.
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These models are primarily industry-standard models that
consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices
for commodities, time value, volatility factors and current
market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as
well as other relevant economic measures. Our derivatives, which
consist primarily of commodity swaps and collars, are valued
using commodity market data which is derived by combining raw
inputs and quantitative models and processes to generate forward
curves. Where observable inputs are available, directly or
indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or
liability, the instrument is categorized in Level 2. At
December 31, 2010, all of our commodity derivatives were
valued using Level 2 measurements.
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Level 3 Pricing inputs include significant
inputs that are generally less observable from objective
sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed
methodologies that result in managements best estimate of
fair value. At December 31, 2010, our Level 3
measurements were used to calculate our asset retirement
obligation and our impairment analysis of proved properties at
December 31, 2010.
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Item 8.
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Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data.
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Our consolidated financial statements and supplemental data are
included in this report beginning on
page F-1.
60
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Item 9.
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Changes
in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure.
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We had no changes in, and no disagreements with our accountants
on, accounting and financial disclosure.
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Item 9A.
|
Controls
and Procedures.
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Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our President and
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has
evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in
Rules 13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2010. Based on
this evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of
December 31, 2010, our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective, in that they ensure that information required to
be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under
the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in the SECs
rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to
our management, including our President and Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal
Control over Financial Reporting
Managements
Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and
Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting
Firm
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
we have included a report of managements assessment of the
design and effectiveness of our internal controls as part of
this annual report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.
Hein & Associates LLP (Hein), our
independent registered public accounting firm, also attested to,
and reported on, our internal control over financial reporting.
Managements report and Heins attestation report are
referenced on
page F-1
under the captions Managements Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting and Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Internal Control over Financial Reporting and are
incorporated herein by reference.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No changes to our internal control over financial reporting
occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2010, that
have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in
Rules 13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f)
under the Exchange Act).
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Item 9B.
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Other
Information.
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None.
61
PART III
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Item 10.
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Directors,
Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
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Information required under Item 10 of this report will be
contained under the captions Election of
Directors Directors, Executive
Officers and Corporate Governance to be
provided in our proxy statement for our 2011 annual meeting of
stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before
April 30, 2011, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Additional information regarding our corporate governance
guidelines as well as the complete texts of our Code of Conduct
and the charters of our Audit Committee and our Compensation and
Nominating Committee may be found on our website at
www.approachresources.com.
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Item 11.
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Executive
Compensation.
|
Information required by Item 11 of this report will be
contained under the caption Executive Compensation
in our proxy statement for our 2011 annual meeting of
stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before
April 30, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 12.
|
Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and
Related Stockholder Matters.
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Information required by Item 12 of this report will be
contained under the caption Stock Ownership Matters
in our proxy statement for our 2011 annual meeting of
stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before
April 30, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 13.
|
Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director
Independence.
|
Information required by Item 13 of this report will be
contained under the captions Certain Relationships and
Related Party Transactions and Corporate
Governance Board Independence in our
definitive proxy statement for our 2011 annual meeting of
stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before
April 30, 2011, which are incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 14.
|
Principal
Accounting Fees and Services.
|
Information required by Item 14 of this report will be
contained under the caption Independent Registered Public
Accountants in our definitive proxy statement for our 2011
annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or
before April 30, 2011, which is incorporated herein by
reference.
PART IV
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Item 15.
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Exhibits,
Financial Statement Schedules.
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(a)
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Documents
filed as part of this report
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(1)
|
and
(2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement
Schedules.
|
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on
page F-1.
See Index to Exhibits on page 68 for a
description of the exhibits filed as part of this report.
62
GLOSSARY
AND SELECTED ABBREVIATIONS
The following is a description of the meanings of some of the
oil and gas industry terms used in this report.
3-D
seismic. (Three Dimensional Seismic Data)
Geophysical data that depicts the subsurface strata in three
dimensions.
3-D seismic
data typically provides a more detailed and accurate
interpretation of the subsurface strata than two dimensional
seismic data.
Basin. A large natural depression on the
earths surface in which sediments generally brought by
water accumulate.
Bbl. One stock tank barrel, of 42
U.S. gallons liquid volume, used herein in reference to
oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.
Boe. Barrel of oil equivalent, determined
using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil equivalent,
and one Bbl of NGLs to one Bbl of oil equivalent.
Btu or British Thermal Unit. The quantity of
heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by
one degree Fahrenheit.
Completion. The installation of permanent
equipment for production of oil or gas, or, in the case of a dry
well, for reporting to the appropriate authority that the well
has been abandoned.
Developed acreage. The number of acres that
are allocated or assignable to productive wells or wells that
are capable of production.
Developed oil and gas reserves. Has the
meaning given to such term in Rule 4-10(a)(6) of
Regulation S-X,
which defines proved reserves as follows:
Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that
can be expected to be recovered:
(i) Through existing wells with existing equipment and
operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment
is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and
(ii) Through installed extraction equipment and
infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate
if the extraction is by means not involving a well.
Development well. A well drilled within the
proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a
stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Dry hole or well. An exploratory, development
or extension well that proved to be incapable of producing
either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion
as an oil or gas well.
Dry hole costs. Costs incurred in drilling a
well, assuming a well is not successful, including plugging and
abandonment costs.
Exploratory well. A well drilled to find a new
field or to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to
be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir.
Extension well. A well drilled to extend the
limits of a known reservoir.
Farm-in. An arrangement in which the owner or
lessee of mineral rights (the first party) assigns a working
interest to an operator (the second party), the consideration
for which is specified exploration
and/or
development activities. The first party retains an overriding
royalty, working interest or other type of economic interest in
the mineral production. The arrangement from the viewpoint of
the second party is termed a
farm-in
arrangement.
Field. An area consisting of either a single
reservoir or multiple reservoirs, all grouped on or related to
the same individual geological structural feature
and/or
stratigraphic condition.
Fracing or Fracture stimulation
technology. The technique of improving a
wells production or injection rates by pumping a mixture
of fluids into the formation and rupturing the rock, creating an
artificial channel. As part of this technique, sand or other
material may also be injected into the formation to keep the
channel open, so that fluids or gases may more easily flow
through the formation.
63
Gross acres or gross wells. The total acres or
wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.
Lease operating expenses. The expenses of
lifting oil or gas from a producing formation to the surface,
and the transportation and marketing thereof, constituting part
of the current operating expenses of a working interest, and
also including labor, superintendence, supplies, repairs, short
lived assets, maintenance, allocated overhead costs, ad valorem
taxes and other expenses incidental to production, but excluding
lease acquisition or drilling or completion expenses.
LNG. Liquefied natural gas.
MBbls. Thousand barrels of oil or other liquid
hydrocarbons.
MBoe. Thousand barrels of oil equivalent,
determined using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil
equivalent, and one Bbl of NGLs to one Bbl of oil equivalent.
Mcf. Thousand cubic feet of natural gas.
MMBoe. Million barrels of oil equivalent,
determined using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil,
condensate or gas liquids.
MMBtu. Million British thermal units.
MMcf. Million cubic feet of gas.
Net acres or net wells. The sum of the
fractional working interests owned in gross acres or wells, as
the case may be.
NGLs. Natural gas liquids. The portions of gas
from a reservoir that are liquefied at the surface in
separators, field facilities or gas processing plants.
NYMEX. New York Mercantile Exchange.
Play. A set of known or postulated oil
and/or gas
accumulations sharing similar geologic, geographic and temporal
properties, such as source rock, migration pathways, timing,
trapping mechanism and hydrocarbon type.
Productive well. An exploratory, development
or extension well that is not a dry well.
Prospect. A specific geographic area which,
based on supporting geological, geophysical or other data and
also preliminary economic analysis using reasonably anticipated
prices and costs, is deemed to have potential for the discovery
of commercial hydrocarbons.
Proved developed producing reserves. Proved
developed oil and gas reserves that are expected to be recovered:
(i) Through existing wells with existing equipment and
operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment
is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and
(ii) Through installed extraction equipment and
infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate
if the extraction is by means not involving a well.
Proved oil and gas reserves. Has the meaning
given to such term in
Rule 4-10(a)(22)
of
Regulation S-X,
which defines proved reserves as follows:
Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas,
which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be
estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically
producible from a given date forward, from known
reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating
methods, and government regulations prior to the
time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire,
unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain,
regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are
used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons
must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain
that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.
(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:
(A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid
contacts, if any, and
64
(B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can,
with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it
and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis
of available geoscience and engineering data.
(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved
quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known
hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless
geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable
technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.
(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has
defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential
exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be
assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir
only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and
reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable
certainty.
(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through
application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not
limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved
classification when:
(A) Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the
reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the
reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in
the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using
reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the
engineering analysis on which the project or program was
based; and
(B) The project has been approved for development by all
necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.
(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs
at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be
determined. The price shall be the average price during the
12-month
period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the
report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the
first-day-of-the-month
price for each month within such period, unless prices are
defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based
upon future conditions.
PV-10. An
estimate of the present value of the future net revenues from
proved oil and gas reserves after deducting estimated production
and ad valorem taxes, future capital costs and operating
expenses, but before deducting any estimates of federal income
taxes. The estimated future net revenues are discounted at an
annual rate of 10% to determine their present value.
The present value is shown to indicate the effect of time on the
value of the revenue stream and should not be construed as being
the fair market value of the properties. Estimates of
PV-10 are
made using oil and gas prices and operating costs at the date
indicated and held constant for the life of the reserves.
Reserve life. This index is calculated by
dividing year-end 2010 estimated proved reserves by 2010
production of 1,556 MBoe to estimate the number of years of
remaining production.
Reservoir. A porous and permeable underground
formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil
and/or gas
that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is
individual and separate from other reservoirs.
Spacing. The distance between wells producing
from the same reservoir. Spacing is expressed in terms of acres,
e.g.,
40-acre
spacing, and is established by regulatory agencies.
Standardized measure. The present value of
estimated future net revenues to be generated from the
production of proved reserves, determined in accordance with the
rules and regulations of the SEC (using prices and costs in
effect as of the period end date) without giving effect to
non-property related expenses such as general and administrative
expenses, debt service and future income tax expenses or to
depletion, depreciation and amortization and discounted using an
annual discount rate of 10%. Standardized measure does not give
effect to derivative transactions.
Successful well (and wells included in drilling success
rate). A well that is found to be capable of
producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that
proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production
expenses and taxes.
Tight gas sands. A formation with low
permeability that produces natural gas with low flow rates for
long periods of time.
65
Unconventional resources or reserves. Natural
gas or oil resources or reserves from (i) low-permeability
sandstone and shale formations, such as tight gas and gas
shales, respectively, and (ii) coalbed methane.
Undeveloped acreage. Lease acreage on which
wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would
permit the production of commercial quantities of oil or gas
regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.
Undeveloped oil and gas reserves. Has the
meaning given to such term in
Rule 4-10(a)(31)
of
Regulation S-X,
which defines proved undeveloped reserves as follows:
Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category
that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled
acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major
expenditure is required for recompletion.
(i) Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those
directly offsetting development spacing areas that are
reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence
using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable
certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.
(ii) Undrilled locations can be classified as having
undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted
indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five
years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.
(iii) Under no circumstances shall estimates for
undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an
application of fluid injection or other improved recovery
technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been
proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an
analogous reservoir or by other evidence using reliable
technology establishing reasonable certainty.
Working interest. The operating interest that
gives the owner the right to drill, produce and conduct
operating activities on the property and receive a share of
production.
Workover. Operations on a producing well to
restore or increase production.
/d. Per day when used with
volumetric units or dollars.
66
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized.
APPROACH RESOURCES INC.
J. Ross Craft
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 11, 2011
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons
on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated and
on March 11, 2011.
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|
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Signature
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Title
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|
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/s/ J.
Ross Craft
J.
Ross Craft
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
|
|
/s/ Steven
P. Smart
Steven
P. Smart
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
|
/s/ Bryan
H. Lawrence
Bryan
H. Lawrence
|
|
Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors
|
|
|
|
/s/ Alan
D. Bell
Alan
D. Bell
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
/s/ James
H. Brandi
James
H. Brandi
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
/s/ James
C. Crain
James
C. Crain
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
/s/ Sheldon
B. Lubar
Sheldon
B. Lubar
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
/s/ Christopher
J. Whyte
Christopher
J. Whyte
|
|
Director
|
67
MANAGEMENTS
REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined
in
Rule 13a-15(f)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Our internal control
over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable
assurance to management and our board of directors regarding the
preparation and fair presentation of published financial
statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal
control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be
effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to
financial statement preparation and presentation. Management
assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. In making this
assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO) in Internal Control Integrated
Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of
December 31, 2010, our internal control over financial
reporting is effective based on those criteria.
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By:
|
|
/s/ J. Ross Craft
|
|
|
|
By:
|
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/s/ Steven P. Smart
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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J. Ross Craft
|
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Steven P. Smart
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President and Chief Executive Officer
|
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Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
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Fort Worth, Texas
March 11, 2011
F-2
REPORT OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Approach Resources Inc.
We have audited Approach Resources Inc. and subsidiaries
(collectively, the Company) internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on
criteria established in Internal Control Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission. The Companys management is
responsible for maintaining effective internal control over
financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness
of internal control over financial reporting included in the
accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the Companys internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control
over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk
that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on
the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. A companys
internal control over financial reporting includes those
policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the
assets of the company; (b) provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance
with authorizations of management and directors of the company;
and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use,
or disposition of the companys assets that could have a
material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over
financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree
of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material
respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in
Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the
consolidated balance sheets of Approach Resources Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, changes in
stockholders equity, cash flows and comprehensive income
for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2010, and our report dated March 11,
2011, expressed an unqualified opinion.
/s/ HEIN &
ASSOCIATES LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 11, 2011
F-3
REPORT OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Approach Resources Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
Approach Resources Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the
Company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and
the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in
stockholders equity, cash flows and comprehensive income
for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Approach Resources Inc. and subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the
Companys internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in
Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission, and our report dated March 11, 2011 expressed
an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the
Companys internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ HEIN &
ASSOCIATES LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 11, 2011
F-4
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
(In
thousands, except shares and per-share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
CURRENT ASSETS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
23,465
|
|
|
$
|
2,685
|
|
Accounts receivable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joint interest owners
|
|
|
8,319
|
|
|
|
3,088
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
|
6,044
|
|
|
|
4,607
|
|
Unrealized gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
862
|
|
|
|
786
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
322
|
|
|
|
582
|
|
Deferred income taxes current
|
|
|
2,318
|
|
|
|
255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
41,330
|
|
|
|
12,003
|
|
PROPERTIES AND EQUIPMENT:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas properties, at cost, using the successful efforts
method of accounting
|
|
|
474,917
|
|
|
|
388,508
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
1,077
|
|
|
|
824
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
475,994
|
|
|
|
389,332
|
|
Less accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(106,784
|
)
|
|
|
(84,849
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net properties and equipment
|
|
|
369,210
|
|
|
|
304,483
|
|
OTHER ASSETS
|
|
|
2,549
|
|
|
|
2,440
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
413,089
|
|
|
$
|
318,926
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advances from non-operators
|
|
$
|
509
|
|
|
$
|
2,689
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
11,426
|
|
|
|
3,074
|
|
Oil and gas sales payable
|
|
|
5,534
|
|
|
|
3,774
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
10,686
|
|
|
|
10,935
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
1,085
|
|
|
|
1,524
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
29,240
|
|
|
|
21,996
|
|
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,319
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
871
|
|
|
|
1,144
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
44,616
|
|
|
|
38,374
|
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
5,416
|
|
|
|
4,597
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
80,143
|
|
|
|
98,430
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares
authorized none outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 90,000,000 shares
authorized, 28,226,890 and 20,959,285 issued and outstanding,
respectively
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
273,912
|
|
|
|
168,993
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
58,986
|
|
|
|
51,524
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
(234
|
)
|
|
|
(230
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
332,946
|
|
|
|
220,496
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
413,089
|
|
|
$
|
318,926
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated
Statements of Operations
(In
thousands, except shares and per-share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
REVENUES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil, NGL and gas sales
|
|
$
|
57,581
|
|
|
$
|
40,648
|
|
|
$
|
79,869
|
|
EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating
|
|
|
8,555
|
|
|
|
7,777
|
|
|
|
7,621
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
2,990
|
|
|
|
1,996
|
|
|
|
4,202
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
2,589
|
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
|
|
1,478
|
|
Impairment of unproved properties
|
|
|
2,622
|
|
|
|
2,964
|
|
|
|
6,379
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
11,422
|
|
|
|
10,617
|
|
|
|
8,881
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
22,224
|
|
|
|
24,660
|
|
|
|
23,710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
50,402
|
|
|
|
49,635
|
|
|
|
52,271
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
|
|
|
7,179
|
|
|
|
(8,987
|
)
|
|
|
27,598
|
|
OTHER:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment of investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(917
|
)
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(2,189
|
)
|
|
|
(1,787
|
)
|
|
|
(1,269
|
)
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
5,784
|
|
|
|
14,659
|
|
|
|
2,936
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
|
(9,899
|
)
|
|
|
7,149
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT)
|
|
|
11,562
|
|
|
|
(6,014
|
)
|
|
|
35,497
|
|
INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT)
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
|
(785
|
)
|
|
|
12,111
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME (LOSS)
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,386
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
22,065,797
|
|
|
|
20,869,832
|
|
|
|
20,647,339
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
22,214,070
|
|
|
|
20,869,832
|
|
|
|
20,824,905
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Retained
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
Income (Loss)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCES, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
20,622,746
|
|
|
$
|
206
|
|
|
$
|
166,141
|
|
|
$
|
33,367
|
|
|
$
|
105
|
|
|
$
|
199,819
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of stock upon exercise of stock options
|
|
|
63,459
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted stock issuance
|
|
|
29,152
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surrender of restricted shares for payment of income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to additional paid-in capital for tax shortfall upon
vesting of restricted shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,386
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,386
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of related income
tax of $256
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(601
|
)
|
|
|
(601
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCES, December 31, 2008
|
|
|
20,715,357
|
|
|
|
207
|
|
|
|
167,349
|
|
|
|
56,753
|
|
|
|
(496
|
)
|
|
|
223,813
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common shares to directors for compensation
|
|
|
50,845
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
378
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
378
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted stock issuance, net of cancellations
|
|
|
202,040
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,448
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,448
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surrender of restricted shares for payment of income taxes
|
|
|
(8,957
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(68
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(68
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to additional paid-in capital for tax shortfall upon
vesting of restricted shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of related income
tax of $118
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCES, December 31, 2009
|
|
|
20,959,285
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
168,993
|
|
|
|
51,524
|
|
|
|
(230
|
)
|
|
|
220,496
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options
|
|
|
58,798
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs
|
|
|
6,612,500
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
101,698
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common shares to directors for compensation
|
|
|
46,347
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted stock issuance, net of cancellations
|
|
|
560,870
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,248
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,248
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surrender of restricted shares for payment of income taxes
|
|
|
(10,910
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(89
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(89
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to additional paid-in capital for tax shortfall upon
vesting of restricted shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,462
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,462
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of related income
tax of $2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCES, December 31, 2010
|
|
|
28,226,890
|
|
|
$
|
282
|
|
|
$
|
273,912
|
|
|
$
|
58,986
|
|
|
$
|
(234
|
)
|
|
$
|
332,946
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-7
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In
thousands, except shares and per-share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,386
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided
by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
22,224
|
|
|
|
24,660
|
|
|
|
23,710
|
|
Unrealized (gain) loss on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
(788
|
)
|
|
|
9,899
|
|
|
|
(7,149
|
)
|
Impairment of unproved properties
|
|
|
2,622
|
|
|
|
2,964
|
|
|
|
6,379
|
|
Impairment of investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
917
|
|
Exploration expense
|
|
|
2,589
|
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
|
|
1,478
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
2,628
|
|
|
|
1,826
|
|
|
|
1,100
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
|
(785
|
)
|
|
|
12,148
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(6,581
|
)
|
|
|
12,352
|
|
|
|
(11,501
|
)
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
6,083
|
|
|
|
(7,863
|
)
|
|
|
8,051
|
|
Oil and gas sales payable
|
|
|
1,760
|
|
|
|
(857
|
)
|
|
|
2,837
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(249
|
)
|
|
|
1,102
|
|
|
|
(4,937
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
42,377
|
|
|
|
39,761
|
|
|
|
56,381
|
|
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to oil and gas properties
|
|
|
(91,016
|
)
|
|
|
(28,990
|
)
|
|
|
(100,089
|
)
|
Additions to furniture, fixtures and equipment, net
|
|
|
(330
|
)
|
|
|
(563
|
)
|
|
|
(544
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(91,346
|
)
|
|
|
(29,553
|
)
|
|
|
(100,633
|
)
|
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan origination fees
|
|
|
(448
|
)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings under credit facility
|
|
|
121,800
|
|
|
|
67,407
|
|
|
|
121,687
|
|
Repayment of amounts outstanding under credit facility
|
|
|
(154,119
|
)
|
|
|
(78,625
|
)
|
|
|
(78,150
|
)
|
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net offering costs
|
|
|
101,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from stock option exercises
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
69,748
|
|
|
|
(11,618
|
)
|
|
|
43,750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
20,779
|
|
|
|
(1,410
|
)
|
|
|
(502
|
)
|
EFFECT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION ON CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year
|
|
|
2,685
|
|
|
|
4,077
|
|
|
|
4,785
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year
|
|
$
|
23,465
|
|
|
$
|
2,685
|
|
|
$
|
4,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
1,920
|
|
|
$
|
1,790
|
|
|
$
|
894
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
397
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH TRANSACTION:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition of oil and gas properties
|
|
$
|
132
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
509
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligations capitalized
|
|
$
|
604
|
|
|
$
|
170
|
|
|
$
|
3,504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-8
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In
thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,386
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation, net of related income tax
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
(601
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
$
|
7,458
|
|
|
$
|
(4,963
|
)
|
|
$
|
22,785
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-9
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
|
|
1.
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Organization
and Nature of Operations
Approach Resources Inc. (Approach, ARI,
the Company, we, us or
our) is an independent energy company engaged in the
exploration, development, production and acquisition of oil and
gas properties. We focus on finding and developing oil and
natural gas reserves in oil shale and tight sands. Our
properties are primarily located in the Permian Basin in West
Texas. We also own interests in the East Texas Basin and
New Mexico.
Consolidation,
Basis of Presentation and Significant Estimates
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been
prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America and include the
accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. In
preparing the accompanying financial statements, management has
made certain estimates and assumptions that affect reported
amounts in the financial statements and disclosures of
contingencies. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Significant assumptions are required in the valuation of proved
oil and natural gas reserves, which affect our estimate of
depletion expense as well as our impairment analyses.
Significant assumptions also are required in our estimation of
accrued liabilities, share-based compensation and asset
retirement obligations. It is at least reasonably possible these
estimates could be revised in the near term, and these revisions
could be material.
Cash and
Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an
original maturity of three months or less to be cash
equivalents. At times, the amount of cash and cash equivalents
on deposit in financial institutions exceeds federally insured
limits. We monitor the soundness of the financial institutions
and believe the Companys risk is negligible.
Financial
Instruments
The carrying amounts of financial instruments including cash and
cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and
accrued liabilities and long-term debt approximate fair value,
as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. See Note 7 for
commodity derivative fair value disclosures.
Oil and
Gas Properties and Operations
Capitalized Costs. Our oil and gas properties
comprised the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Mineral interests in properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unproved properties
|
|
$
|
19,963
|
|
|
$
|
10,990
|
|
Proved properties
|
|
|
15,317
|
|
|
|
12,319
|
|
Wells and related equipment and facilities
|
|
|
430,810
|
|
|
|
361,573
|
|
Support equipment
|
|
|
3,098
|
|
|
|
1,462
|
|
Uncompleted wells, equipment and facilities
|
|
|
5,729
|
|
|
|
2,164
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total costs
|
|
|
474,917
|
|
|
|
388,508
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
(106,127
|
)
|
|
|
(84,347
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net capitalized costs
|
|
$
|
368,790
|
|
|
$
|
304,161
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We follow the successful efforts method of accounting for our
oil and gas producing activities. Costs to acquire mineral
interests in oil and gas properties and to drill and equip
development wells and related asset
F-10
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
retirement costs are capitalized. Costs to drill exploratory
wells are capitalized pending determination of whether the wells
have proved reserves. If we determine that the wells do not have
proved reserves, the costs are charged to expense. There were no
exploratory wells capitalized pending determination of whether
the wells have proved reserves at December 31, 2010 or
2009. Geological and geophysical costs, including seismic
studies and costs of carrying and retaining unproved properties
are charged to expense as incurred. We capitalize interest on
expenditures for significant exploration and development
projects that last more than six months while activities are in
progress to bring the assets to their intended use. Through
December 31, 2010, we have capitalized no interest costs
because our exploration and development projects generally last
less than six months. Costs incurred to maintain wells and
related equipment are charged to expense as incurred.
On the sale or retirement of a complete unit of a proved
property, the cost and related accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization are eliminated from the property
accounts, and the resultant gain or loss is recognized. On the
retirement or sale of a partial unit of proved property, the
cost is charged to accumulated depreciation, depletion and
amortization with a resulting gain or loss recognized in income.
Capitalized amounts attributable to proved oil and gas
properties are depleted by the
unit-of-production
method over proved reserves using the unit conversion ratio of
six Mcf of gas to one barrel of oil equivalent, and one barrel
of NGLs to one barrel of oil equivalent. Depreciation and
depletion expense for oil and gas producing property and related
equipment was $22.0 million, $24.5 million and
$23.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2010,
2009 and 2008, respectively.
Unproved oil and gas properties that are individually
significant are periodically assessed for impairment of value,
and a loss is recognized at the time of impairment by providing
an impairment allowance. We recorded an impairment of $2.6 and
$3 million during the years ended December 31, 2010
and 2009, respectively, related to our assessment of unproved
properties. The 2010 impairment resulted from a write-off of
$2.6 million in costs in our Boomerang project in Kentucky
and represented the remaining carrying value we had recorded for
the project. The 2009 impairment resulted from a write-off of
$3 million in costs in Northeast British Columbia, and
represented the remaining carrying value we had recorded for the
project. We also recorded an impairment during the year ended
2008, which resulted from write-offs related to drilling costs
in our Boomerang project and drilling and completion costs in
our Northeast British Columbia project. During the year ended
December 31, 2008, we determined that the future cash flows
from drilling costs relating to these projects will not exceed
the capitalized costs due to market factors.
Capitalized costs related to proved oil and gas properties,
including wells and related equipment and facilities, are
evaluated for impairment based on an analysis of undiscounted
future net cash flows in accordance with ASC 360, formerly
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 144, Accounting
for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. If
undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the net
capitalized costs related to proved properties, then we
recognize an impairment charge in income from operations equal
to the difference between the net capitalized costs related to
proved properties and their estimated fair values based on the
present value of the related future net cash flows. We noted no
impairment of our proved properties based on our analysis for
the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 or 2008.
On the sale of an entire interest in an unproved property for
cash or cash equivalent, gain or loss on the sale is recognized,
taking into consideration the amount of any recorded impairment
if the property had been assessed individually. If a partial
interest in an unproved property is sold, the amount received is
treated as a reduction of the cost of the interest retained.
Oil and
Gas Operations
Revenue and Accounts Receivable. We recognize
revenue for our production when the quantities are delivered to
or collected by the respective purchaser. Prices for such
production are defined in sales contracts and are readily
determinable based on certain publicly available indices. All
transportation costs are included in lease operating expense.
F-11
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Accounts receivable, joint interest owners, consist of
uncollateralized joint interest owner obligations due within
30 days of the invoice date. Accounts receivable, oil and
gas sales, consist of uncollateralized accrued revenues due
under normal trade terms, generally requiring payment within 30
to 60 days of production. No interest is charged on
past-due balances. Payments made on all accounts receivable are
applied to the earliest unpaid items. We review accounts
receivable periodically and reduce the carrying amount by a
valuation allowance that reflects our best estimate of the
amount that may not be collectible. No such allowance was
considered necessary at December 31, 2010 or 2009.
Oil and Gas Sales Payable. Oil and gas sales
payable represents amounts collected from purchasers for oil and
gas sales which are either revenues due to other revenue
interest owners or severance taxes due to the respective state
or local tax authorities. Generally, we are required to remit
amounts due under these liabilities within 30 days of the
end of the month in which the related production occurred.
Advances from Non-Operators. Advances from
non-operators represent amounts collected in advance for joint
operating activities. Such amounts are applied to joint interest
accounts receivable as related costs are incurred.
Production Costs. Production costs, including
compressor rental and repair, pumpers salaries, saltwater
disposal, ad valorem taxes, insurance, repairs and maintenance,
expensed workovers and other operating expenses are expensed as
incurred and included in lease operating expense on our
consolidated statements of operations.
Exploration expenses. Exploration expenses
include dry hole costs, lease extensions, delay rentals and
geological and geophysical costs.
Dependence on Major Customers. For the years
ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we sold
substantially all of our oil and gas produced to three
purchasers. Additionally, substantially all of our accounts
receivable related to oil and gas sales were due from those
three purchasers at December 31, 2010 and 2009. We believe
that there are potential alternative purchasers and that it may
be necessary to establish relationships with new purchasers.
However, there can be no assurance that we can establish such
relationships and that those relationships will result in
increased purchasers. Although we are exposed to a concentration
of credit risk, we believe that all of our purchasers are credit
worthy.
Dependence on Suppliers. Our industry is
cyclical, and from time to time there is a shortage of drilling
rigs, equipment, services, supplies and qualified personnel.
During these periods, the costs and delivery times of rigs,
equipment, services and supplies are substantially greater. If
the unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs, equipment,
services, supplies or qualified personnel were particularly
severe in the areas where we operate, we could be materially and
adversely affected. We believe that there are potential
alternative providers of drilling and completion services and
that it may be necessary to establish relationships with new
contractors. However, there can be no assurance that we can
establish such relationships and that those relationships will
result in increased availability of drilling rigs or other
services.
Other Property. Furniture, fixtures and
equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation of furniture,
fixtures and equipment is provided using the straight-line
method over estimated useful lives ranging from three to ten
years. Gain or loss on retirement or sale or other disposition
of assets is included in income in the period of disposition.
Depreciation expense for other property and equipment was
$233,000, $204,000 and $134,000 for the years ended
December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Income Taxes. We are subject to
U.S. federal income taxes along with state income taxes in
Texas and New Mexico. When tax returns are filed, it is highly
certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon
examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject
to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the
amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The
benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial
statements in the period during which, based on all available
evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that
the position will be sustained upon examination, including the
resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax
positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other
positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax
benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon
settlement with the
F-12
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits
associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount
measured as described above is reflected as a liability for
unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet
along with any associated interest and penalties that would be
payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and
penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are
classified as additional income taxes in the consolidated
statement of income.
Based on our analysis, we did not have any uncertain tax
positions as of December 31, 2010 or 2009. The
Companys income tax returns are subject to examination by
the relevant taxing authorities as follows: U.S. Federal
income tax returns for tax years 2007 and forward, Texas income
and margin tax returns for tax years 2007 and forward and New
Mexico income tax returns for years 2007 and forward. There are
currently no income tax examinations underway for these
jurisdictions.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
estimated future tax consequences attributable to the
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of
existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax
rate in effect for the year in which those temporary differences
are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change
in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is
recognized in income in the year of the enacted tax rate change.
Derivative Activity. All derivative
instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.
Changes in the instruments fair values are recognized in
the statement of operations immediately unless specific
commodity derivative accounting criteria are met. For qualifying
cash flow commodity derivatives, the gain or loss on the
derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income
to the extent the commodity derivative is effective. The
ineffective portion of the commodity derivative is recognized
immediately in the statement of operations. Gains and losses on
commodity derivative instruments included in cumulative other
comprehensive income are reclassified to oil and natural gas
sales revenue in the period that the related production is
delivered. Derivative contracts that do not qualify for
commodity derivative accounting treatment are recorded as
derivative assets and liabilities at fair value in the balance
sheet, and the associated unrealized gains and losses are
recorded as current income or expense in the statement of
operations.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow hedges. We record our open derivative instruments
at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets as either
unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivatives. We record
changes in such fair value in earnings on our consolidated
statements of operations under the caption entitled
unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivatives.
Although we have not designated our derivative instruments as
cash-flow hedges, we use those instruments to reduce our
exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices related to our
natural gas and oil production. Unrealized gains and losses, at
fair value, are included on our consolidated balance sheets as
current or non-current assets or liabilities based on the
anticipated timing of cash settlements under the related
contracts. Changes in the fair value of our commodity derivative
contracts are recorded in earnings as they occur and included in
other income (expense) on our consolidated statements of
operations. Realized gains and losses are also included in other
income (expense) on our consolidated statements of operations.
Accrued Liabilities. Following is a summary of
our accrued liabilities at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Capital expenditures accrued
|
|
$
|
8,924
|
|
|
$
|
9,362
|
|
Operating expenses and other
|
|
|
1,762
|
|
|
|
1,517
|
|
Income taxes payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
10,686
|
|
|
$
|
10,935
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Retirement Obligations. Our asset
retirement obligations relate to future plugging and abandonment
expenses on oil and gas properties. Based on the expected timing
of payments, the full asset
F-13
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
retirement obligation is classified as non-current. There were
no significant changes to the asset retirement obligations for
the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
Foreign Currency Translation. The functional
currency of the countries in which we operate is the
U.S. dollar in the United States and the Canadian Dollar in
Canada. Assets and liabilities of our Canadian subsidiary that
are denominated in currencies other than the Canadian Dollar are
translated at current exchange rates. Gains and losses resulting
from such translations, along with gains or losses realized from
transactions denominated in currencies other than the Canadian
Dollar are included in operating results on our statements of
operations. For purposes of consolidation, we translate the
assets and liabilities of our Canadian Subsidiary into
U.S. Dollars at current exchange rates while revenues and
expenses are translated at the average rates in effect for the
period. The related translation gains and losses are included in
accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders
equity on our consolidated balance sheets. During the years
ended December 31, 2010 and 2008 we recognized translation
losses of $4,000 and $601,000, net of the related income taxes,
respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2009, we
recognized translation gains, net of related income tax of
$266,000.
Share-Based Compensation. We measure and
record compensation expense for all share-based payment awards
to employees and outside directors based on estimated grant date
fair values. We recognize compensation costs for awards granted
over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair
value.
Earnings Per Common Share. We report basic
earnings per common share, which excludes the effect of
potentially dilutive securities, and diluted earnings per common
share, which includes the effect of all potentially dilutive
securities unless their impact is anti-dilutive. The following
are reconciliations of the numerators and denominators of our
basic and diluted earnings per share, (dollars in thousands,
except per-share amounts):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Income (numerator):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) basic
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
(5,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,386
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares (denominator):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares basic
|
|
|
22,065,797
|
|
|
|
20,869,832
|
|
|
|
20,647,339
|
|
Dilution effect of share-based compensation, treasury method(1)
|
|
|
148,273
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
177,566
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares diluted
|
|
|
22,214,070
|
|
|
|
20,869,832
|
|
|
|
20,824,905
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Approximately 410,000 options to purchase our common stock were
excluded from this calculation because they were anti-dilutive,
during the year ended December 31, 2009. |
F-14
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
|
|
2.
|
Working
Interest Acquisitions
|
In October 2010, we acquired an additional 10% working interest
in Cinco Terry in Crockett County, Texas. The properties were
acquired from a non-operating partner for $21.5 million,
subject to post-closing adjustments. Funding was provided
through borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The
following is a summary of the purchase price and its allocation
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase price:
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid
|
|
$
|
21,500
|
|
Asset retirement obligations assumed
|
|
|
132
|
|
Post-closing purchase price adjustments
|
|
|
(453
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
21,179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocation:
|
|
|
|
|
Wells, equipment and related facilities
|
|
$
|
15,613
|
|
Mineral interests in oil and gas properties
|
|
|
5,566
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
21,179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our 2010 oil, NGL and gas revenues included approximately
$1.3 million related to this acquisition. Our 2010 net
income included approximately $477,000 related to his
acquisition.
In February 2011, we acquired an additional 38% working interest
in Cinco Terry from two non-operating partners for
$76 million, subject to usual and customary post-closing
adjustments. We funded the acquisition with cash on hand and
borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our 2010 results
of operations do not include any production, revenues or costs
from this acquisition. Further, our 2010 estimated proved
reserves do not include reserves associated with this
acquisition.
The following condensed unaudited pro forma information gives
effect to these acquisitions as if they had occurred on
January 1, 2009. The pro forma information has been
included in the notes as required by U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles and is provided for comparison
purposes only. The pro forma financial information is not
necessarily indicative of the financial results that would have
occurred had these acquisitions been effective on the dates as
indicated and should not be viewed as indicative of operations
in the future.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unaudited
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
Financial Data
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands, except per-share amounts)
|
|
Oil, NGL and gas sales
|
|
$
|
86,114
|
|
|
$
|
57,221
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
$
|
63,384
|
|
|
$
|
63,333
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
15,714
|
|
|
$
|
(5,207
|
)
|
Earnings (loss) per share basic
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
Earnings (loss) per share diluted
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
$
|
(0.25
|
)
|
|
|
3.
|
Public
Equity Offering
|
On November 10, 2010, we completed a public offering of
5,750,000 shares of our common stock. The underwriters were
granted an option to purchase up to 862,500 additional shares of
our common stock. The underwriters fully exercised this option
and purchased the additional shares on November 11, 2010.
After deducting underwriting discounts and transaction costs of
approximately $5.7 million, we received net
F-15
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
proceeds of approximately $101.8 million. We intend to use
the proceeds to fund our capital expenditures for the Wolffork
oil shale resource play, working interest and leasehold
acquisitions in the Permian Basin and general working capital
needs. Pending these uses, we used a portion of the proceeds of
the 2010 equity offering to repay all outstanding borrowings
under our revolving credit facility.
|
|
4.
|
Revolving
Credit Facility
|
We have a $200 million revolving credit facility with a
borrowing base set at $150 million. The borrowing base is
redetermined semi-annually on or before each April 1 and October
1 based on our oil and gas reserves. We or the lenders can each
request one additional borrowing base redetermination each
calendar year.
The maturity date under our revolving credit facility is
July 31, 2012. Borrowings bear interest based on the agent
banks prime rate plus an applicable margin ranging from
1.25% to 2.25%, or the sum of the Eurodollar rate plus an
applicable margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.25%. Margins vary
based on the borrowings outstanding compared to the borrowing
base. In addition, we pay an annual commitment of 0.50% of
unused borrowings available under our revolving credit facility.
Effective February 1, 2010, we entered into a seventh
amendment to our credit agreement, which replaced The Frost
National Bank as the administrative agent under the credit
agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as successor agent.
Effective May 3, 2010, we entered into an eighth amendment
to our credit agreement, which (i) extended the maturity
date of the credit agreement by one year to July 31, 2012,
(ii) increased the Companys commodity derivatives
limit from 75% to 85% of annual projected production from proved
developed producing oil and gas properties,
(iii) reaffirmed the borrowing base and lenders
aggregate commitment of $115 million and
(iv) transferred Fortis Capital Corp.s interest in
the credit agreement to BNP Paribas.
Effective October 21, 2010, we entered into a ninth
amendment to our credit agreement, which increased the borrowing
base and lenders aggregate commitment under the credit
agreement to $150 million from $115 million.
We had no outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2010. We
had outstanding borrowings of $32.3 million under our
revolving credit facility at December 31, 2009. The
interest rate applicable to our revolving credit facility at
December 31, 2010, was 4.75%. We also had outstanding
unused letters of credit under our revolving credit facility
totaling $350,000 at December 31, 2010, which reduce
amounts available for borrowing under our revolving credit
facility.
Loans under our revolving credit facility are secured by first
priority liens on substantially all of our West Texas assets and
are guaranteed by our subsidiaries.
Covenants
Our credit agreement contains two principal financial covenants:
|
|
|
|
|
a consolidated modified current ratio covenant that requires us
to maintain a ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0 at all times.
The consolidated modified current ratio is calculated by
dividing Consolidated Current Assets (as defined in the credit
agreement) by Consolidated Current Liabilities (as defined in
the credit agreement). As defined more specifically in the
credit agreement, the consolidated modified current ratio is
calculated as current assets less current unrealized gains on
commodity derivatives plus the available borrowing base at the
respective balance sheet date, divided by current liabilities
less current unrealized losses on commodity derivatives at the
respective balance sheet date.
|
|
|
|
a consolidated funded debt to consolidated EBITDAX ratio
covenant that requires us to maintain a ratio of not more than
3.5 to 1.0 at the end of each fiscal quarter. The consolidated
funded debt to consolidated EBITDAX ratio is calculated by
dividing Consolidated Funded Debt (as defined in the credit
agreement) by Consolidated EBITDAX (as defined in the credit
agreement). As defined more
|
F-16
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
specifically in the credit agreement, consolidated EBITDAX is
calculated as net income (loss), plus (1) exploration
expense, (2) depletion, depreciation and amortization
expense, (3) share-based compensation expense,
(4) unrealized loss on commodity derivatives,
(5) interest expense, (6) income and franchise taxes
and (7) certain other noncash expenses, less (1) gains
or losses from sales or dispositions of assets,
(2) unrealized gain on commodity derivatives and
(3) extraordinary or nonrecurring gains. For purposes of
calculating this ratio, consolidated EBITDAX for a fiscal
quarter is annualized pursuant to the credit agreement.
Our credit agreement also restricts cash dividends and other
restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, incurrence of
other debt, consolidations and mergers, the level of operating
leases, assets sales, investments in other entities and liens on
properties.
In addition, our credit agreement contains customary events of
default that would permit our lenders to accelerate the debt
under our credit agreement if not cured within applicable grace
periods, including, among others, failure to make payments of
principal or interest when due, materially incorrect
representations and warranties, failure to make mandatory
prepayments in the event of borrowing base deficiencies, breach
of covenants, defaults upon other obligations in excess of
$500,000, events of bankruptcy, the occurrence of one or more
unstayed judgments in excess of $500,000 not covered by an
acceptable policy of insurance, failure to pay any obligation in
excess of $500,000 owed under any derivatives transaction or in
any amount if the obligation under the derivatives transaction
is secured by collateral under the credit agreement, any event
of default by the Company occurs under any agreement entered
into in connection with a derivatives transaction, liens
securing the loans under the credit agreement cease to be in
place, a Change in Control (as defined in the credit agreement)
of the Company occurs, and dissolution of the Company.
At December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with all of our
covenants and had not committed any acts of default under the
credit agreement.
|
|
5.
|
Share-Based
Compensation
|
In June 2007, the board of directors and stockholders approved
the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan). Under
the 2007 Plan, we may grant restricted stock, stock options,
stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, performance
awards, unrestricted stock awards and other incentive awards.
The 2007 Plan reserves 10 percent of our outstanding common
shares as adjusted on January 1 of each year, plus shares of
common stock that were available for grant of awards under our
prior plan. Awards of any stock options are to be priced at not
less than the fair market value at the date of the grant. The
vesting period of any stock award is to be determined by the
board or an authorized committee at the time of the grant. The
term of each stock option is to be fixed at the time of grant
and may not exceed 10 years. Shares issued upon stock
options exercised are issued as new shares.
Share-based compensation expense amounted to $2.6 million,
$1.8 million and $1.1 million for the years ended
December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Such
amounts represent the estimated fair value of stock awards for
which the requisite service period elapsed during those periods.
Included in share-based compensation expense for the years ended
December 31, 2010 and 2009, was $381,000 and $377,000,
respectively, related to grants to nonemployee directors.
F-17
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Stock
Options
There were no stock option grants during the years ended
December 31, 2010 and 2009. The fair value of each option
granted was estimated using an option-pricing model with the
following weighted average assumptions during the year ended
December 31, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Expected dividends
|
|
|
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
64
|
%
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
2.7
|
%
|
Expected life
|
|
|
6 years
|
|
We have not paid out dividends historically, thus the dividend
yields are estimated at zero percent.
Since our shares were not publicly traded prior to our initial
public offering on November 8, 2007, we used an average of
historical volatility rates based upon other companies within
our industry for awards in 2008. Management believes that these
average historical volatility rates are currently the best
available indicator of expected volatility.
The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield available for
zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term of
five years.
The expected lives of our options are determined based on the
term of the option using the simplified method outlined in Staff
Accounting Bulletin 110.
Assumptions are reviewed each time there is a new grant and may
be impacted by actual fluctuation in our stock price, movements
in market interest rates and option terms. The use of different
assumptions produces a different fair value for the options
granted or modified and impacts the amount of compensation
expense recognized on the consolidated statement of operations.
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and
activity as of and for the years ended December 31, 2010,
2009 and 2008, (dollars in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subject to
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Contractual
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Term
|
|
|
Intrinsic
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
(in years)
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
479,991
|
|
|
$
|
7.07
|
|
|
|
8.02
|
|
|
$
|
2,779
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
74,345
|
|
|
$
|
14.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(63,459
|
)
|
|
$
|
3.33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(56,575
|
)
|
|
$
|
12.40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
434,302
|
|
|
$
|
8.47
|
|
|
|
7.34
|
|
|
$
|
837
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(24,975
|
)
|
|
$
|
12.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
|
|
|
409,327
|
|
|
$
|
8.03
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(58,798
|
)
|
|
$
|
12.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(16,200
|
)
|
|
$
|
12.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2010
|
|
|
334,329
|
|
|
$
|
7.01
|
|
|
|
4.87
|
|
|
$
|
4,567
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable (fully vested) at December 31, 2010
|
|
|
280,607
|
|
|
$
|
5.49
|
|
|
|
4.42
|
|
|
$
|
4,941
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-18
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
The fair market value of the stock options granted during the
year ended December 31, 2008, was $8.96 per share. Total
unrecognized share-based compensation expense from unvested
stock options as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, was $44,000
and $529,000, respectively, and will be recognized over a
remaining service period of 0.25 and 1.25 years,
respectively. The intrinsic value of the options exercised
during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2008, was
$608,000 and $770,000, respectively. There was no tax benefit
recognized in relation to the stock options exercised.
Nonvested
Shares
Share grants totaling 568,142 shares, 204,790 shares
and 35,948 shares with an approximate aggregate fair market
value of $4.3 million, $1.7 million and $733,000 at
the time of grant were granted to employees during the years
ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Included in the share grants for 2010 are 400,000 shares
awarded to our executive officers. The aggregate fair market
value of these shares on the grant date was $2.7 million to
be expensed over a service period of approximately five years,
subject to certain performance restrictions. A summary of the
status of nonvested shares for the years ended December 31,
2010, 2009 and 2008, is presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grant-Date
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Nonvested at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
42,500
|
|
|
$
|
16.50
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
35,948
|
|
|
|
20.39
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
(21,250
|
)
|
|
|
16.50
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(1,175
|
)
|
|
|
15.48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
56,023
|
|
|
|
18.96
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
204,790
|
|
|
|
8.40
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
(32,182
|
)
|
|
|
18.07
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(2,751
|
)
|
|
|
12.39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2009
|
|
|
225,880
|
|
|
|
9.73
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
568,142
|
|
|
|
7.71
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
(77,969
|
)
|
|
|
10.07
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(7,272
|
)
|
|
|
9.51
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2010
|
|
|
708,781
|
|
|
$
|
8.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2010, unrecognized compensation expense
related to the nonvested shares amounted to $4.3 million,
which will be recognized over a remaining service period of four
years.
In March 2011, 204,000 shares with an aggregate fair
market value of $6.5 million on the grant date were awarded
to our executive officers. The fair market value of these awards
will be expensed over a service period of approximately four
years, subject to certain performance criteria.
F-19
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Our provision (benefit) for income taxes comprised the following
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(214
|
)
|
State
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(37
|
)
|
Deferred:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$
|
3,917
|
|
|
$
|
(1,056
|
)
|
|
$
|
11,919
|
|
State
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred
|
|
$
|
4,100
|
|
|
$
|
(785
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,148
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
|
|
$
|
4,100
|
|
|
$
|
(785
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,111
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total income tax expense (benefit) differed from the amounts
computed by applying the U.S. Federal statutory tax rates
to pre-tax income (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Statutory tax at 34%
|
|
$
|
3,931
|
|
|
$
|
(2,045
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,069
|
|
State taxes, net of federal impact
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
Permanent differences(1)
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
231
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
Other differences
|
|
|
(68
|
)
|
|
|
957
|
(2)
|
|
|
(392
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
4,100
|
|
|
$
|
(785
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,111
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amounts primarily relate to share-based compensation expense. |
|
(2) |
|
Approximately $600,000 relates to a change in our estimated
income tax for the year ended December 31, 2008. |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the result of temporary
differences between the financial statement carrying values and
tax bases of assets and liabilities. Our net deferred tax assets
and liabilities are recorded as a long-term liability of
$44.6 million and $38.4 million at December 31,
2010 and 2009, respectively. At December 31, 2010 and 2009,
$2.3 million and $255,000 of deferred taxes expected to be
realized within one year were included in current assets.
Significant components of net deferred tax assets and
liabilities are (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$
|
13,587
|
|
|
$
|
7,214
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
301
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,148
|
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
15,116
|
|
|
|
7,877
|
|
Deferred tax liability:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Difference in depreciation, depletion and capitalization
methods oil and gas properties
|
|
|
(57,414
|
)
|
|
|
(45,996
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax liability
|
|
$
|
(42,298
|
)
|
|
$
|
(38,119
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-20
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes have the
following expiration dates (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
Expiration Dates
|
|
Amounts
|
|
|
2023
|
|
$
|
1,523
|
|
2024
|
|
|
1,082
|
|
2025
|
|
|
2,594
|
|
2026
|
|
|
1,683
|
|
2027
|
|
|
1,020
|
|
2028
|
|
|
1,309
|
|
2029
|
|
|
3,299
|
|
2030
|
|
|
26,538
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
39,048
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2010, we had the following commodity
derivatives positions outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volume (MMBtu)
|
|
$/MMBtu
|
Period
|
|
Monthly
|
|
Total
|
|
Fixed
|
|
NYMEX Henry Hub
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price swaps 2011
|
|
|
230,000
|
|
|
|
2,760,000
|
|
|
$
|
4.86
|
|
Price call 2012
|
|
|
230,000
|
|
|
|
2,760,000
|
|
|
$
|
6.00
|
|
WAHA basis differential
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basis swaps 2011
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
3,600,000
|
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
The following summarizes the fair value of our open commodity
derivatives as of December 31, 2010 and December 31,
2009 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Derivatives
|
|
Liability Derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Balance Sheet
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
Balance Sheet
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
Location
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
Location
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity
derivatives
|
|
Unrealized gain on
commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
862
|
|
|
$
|
786
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on
commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
1,956
|
|
|
$
|
2,668
|
|
The following summarizes the change in the fair value of our
commodity derivatives (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Income Statement Location
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity derivatives
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
788
|
|
|
$
|
(9,899
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,149
|
|
|
|
Realized gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
5,784
|
|
|
|
14,659
|
|
|
|
2,936
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
6,572
|
|
|
$
|
4,760
|
|
|
$
|
10,085
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains and losses, at fair value, are included on our
consolidated balance sheets as current or non-current assets or
liabilities based on the anticipated timing of cash settlements
under the related contracts.
F-21
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Changes in the fair value of our commodity derivative contracts
are recorded in earnings as they occur and included in other
income (expense) on our consolidated statements of operations.
We estimate the fair values of swap contracts based on the
present value of the difference in exchange-quoted forward price
curves and contractual settlement prices multiplied by notional
quantities. We internally valued the option contracts using
industry-standard option pricing models and observable market
inputs. We use our internal valuations to determine the fair
values of the contracts that are reflected on our consolidated
balance sheets. Realized gains and losses are also included in
other income (expense) on our consolidated statements of
operations.
We are exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance
by the counterparties on our commodity derivatives positions and
have considered the exposure in our internal valuations.
However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the
counterparties over the term of the commodity derivatives
positions.
To estimate the fair value of our commodity derivatives
positions, we use market data or assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability,
including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the
inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily
observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable. We
primarily apply the market approach for recurring fair value
measurements and attempt to use the best available information.
We determine the fair value based upon the hierarchy that
prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy
gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1
measurement) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs
(Level 3 measurement). The three levels of fair value
hierarchy are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1 Quoted prices are available in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting
date. At December 31, 2010, we had no Level 1
measurements.
|
|
|
|
Level 2 Pricing inputs are other than quoted
prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are
either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting
date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are
valued using models or other valuation methodologies. These
models are primarily industry-standard models that consider
various assumptions, including quoted forward prices for
commodities, time value, volatility factors and current market
and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well
as other relevant economic measures. Our derivatives, which
consist primarily of commodity swaps and collars, are valued
using commodity market data which is derived by combining raw
inputs and quantitative models and processes to generate forward
curves. Where observable inputs are available, directly or
indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or
liability, the instrument is categorized in Level 2. At
December 31, 2010, all of our commodity derivatives were
valued using Level 2 measurements.
|
|
|
|
Level 3 Pricing inputs include significant
inputs that are generally less observable from objective
sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed
methodologies that result in managements best estimate of
fair value. At December 31, 2010, our Level 3
measurements were limited to our asset retirement obligation.
|
|
|
8.
|
Canadian
Unconventional Gas Investment
|
In May 2007, we acquired shares of common stock of a
Canadian-based private exploration company focused on tight gas
and shale gas opportunities in Canada. Our investment amounted
to approximately $917,000 and is a non-controlling interest
accounted for using the cost method. We have written off the
carrying value of our minority equity investment in the Canadian
operator by recognizing a non-cash charge to earnings because we
believe we will not recover our investment.
|
|
9.
|
Commitments
and Contingencies
|
We periodically enter into contractual arrangements under which
we are committed to expend funds to drill wells in the future,
including agreements to secure drilling rig services, which
require us to make future minimum payments to the rig operators.
We record drilling commitments in the periods in which well
capital
F-22
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
expenditures are incurred or rig services are provided. Our
commitment under daywork drilling contracts was
$4.3 million at December 31, 2010.
At December 31, 2010, we had employment agreements with two
of our officers. These agreements are automatically renewed for
successive terms of one year unless employment is terminated at
the end of the term by written notice given to the employee not
less than 60 days prior to the end of such term. Our
maximum commitment under the employment agreements, which would
apply if the executives covered by these agreements were each
terminated without cause, was approximately $757,000 at
December 31, 2010. As of January 24, 2011, we had
entered into amended and restated or new employment agreements,
each with two-year initial terms, with five executive officers.
We estimate that our maximum commitment under these employment
agreements, which would apply if the employees covered by these
agreements were all terminated without cause, was approximately
$4 million as of the date of this report. This estimate
assumes the maximum potential bonus for 2011 is earned by each
employee during 2011 with no prorated amounts due to partial
year of service.
We lease our office space in Fort Worth, Texas, under a
non-cancelable agreement that expires on December 31, 2012.
We also have non-cancelable operating lease commitments related
to office equipment that expire by 2012. The following is a
schedule by years of future minimum rental payments required
under our operating lease arrangements as of December 31,
2010 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2011
|
|
$
|
548
|
|
2012
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rent expense under our lease arrangements amounted to $463,000,
$461,000 and $299,000 for the years ended December 31,
2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Litigation
Approach Operating, LLC v. EnCana Oil & Gas
(USA) Inc., Cause No. 29.070A, District Court of
Limestone County, Texas. On July 2, 2009 our operating
subsidiary filed a lawsuit against EnCana Oil & Gas
(USA) Inc. (EnCana) for breach of the JOA covering
our North Bald Prairie project in East Texas and seeking damages
for nonpayment of amounts owed under the joint operating
agreement (JOA) as well as declaratory relief. We
contend that such amounts owed by EnCana are at least
$2 million, plus attorneys fees, costs and other
amounts to which we might be entitled under law or in equity.
The amount owed to us is included in other non-current assets on
our balance sheet at December 31, 2010. As we previously
have disclosed, in December 2008, EnCana notified us that it was
exercising its right to become operator of record for joint
interest wells in North Bald Prairie under an operator election
agreement between the parties. EnCana contends that it does not
owe us for part or all of joint interest billings incurred after
EnCana provided us with notice of EnCanas election to
assume operatorship in December 2008. EnCana also contends that
certain of the disputed operations were unnecessary, while other
charges are improper because we failed to obtain EnCanas
consent under the JOA prior to undertaking the operations. We
have informed the Court that we will transfer operatorship to
EnCana when EnCana has made all payments it owes under the JOA.
We also are involved in various other legal and regulatory
proceedings arising in the normal course of business. While we
cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings with certainty,
we do not believe that an adverse result in any pending legal or
regulatory proceeding, individually or in the aggregate, would
be material to our consolidated financial condition or cash
flows; however, an unfavorable outcome could have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations for a specific
interim period or year.
Environmental
Issues
We are engaged in oil and gas exploration and production and may
become subject to certain liabilities as they relate to
environmental clean up of well sites or other environmental
restoration procedures as they relate
F-23
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
to the drilling of oil and gas wells and the operation thereof.
In connection with our acquisition of existing or previously
drilled well bores, we may not be aware of what environmental
safeguards were taken at the time such wells were drilled or
during such time the wells were operated. Should it be
determined that a liability exists with respect to any
environmental clean up or restoration, we would be responsible
for curing such a violation. No claim has been made, nor are we
aware of any liability that exists, as it relates to any
environmental clean up, restoration or the violation of any
rules or regulations relating thereto.
|
|
10.
|
Oil and
Gas Producing Activities
|
Set forth below is certain information regarding the costs
incurred for oil and gas property acquisition, development and
exploration activities (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Property acquisition costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unproved properties
|
|
$
|
12,528
|
|
|
$
|
1,081
|
|
|
$
|
2,695
|
|
Proved properties
|
|
|
2,055
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
12,189
|
|
Exploration costs
|
|
|
2,874
|
|
|
|
1,483
|
|
|
|
5,007
|
|
Development costs(1)
|
|
|
72,528
|
|
|
|
28,121
|
|
|
|
84,193
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total costs incurred
|
|
$
|
89,985
|
|
|
$
|
30,742
|
|
|
$
|
104,084
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008,
development costs include $604,000, $170,000 and
$3.5 million in non-cash asset retirement obligations,
respectively. |
Set forth below is certain information regarding the results of
operations for oil and gas producing activities (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
57,581
|
|
|
$
|
40,648
|
|
|
$
|
79,869
|
|
Production costs
|
|
|
(11,545
|
)
|
|
|
(9,773
|
)
|
|
|
(11,823
|
)
|
Exploration expense
|
|
|
(2,589
|
)
|
|
|
(1,621
|
)
|
|
|
(1,478
|
)
|
Impairment
|
|
|
(2,622
|
)
|
|
|
(2,964
|
)
|
|
|
(6,379
|
)
|
Depletion
|
|
|
(21,991
|
)
|
|
|
(24,456
|
)
|
|
|
(23,576
|
)
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
(6,527
|
)
|
|
|
(636
|
)
|
|
|
(12,690
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Results of operations
|
|
$
|
12,307
|
|
|
$
|
1,198
|
|
|
$
|
23,923
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.
|
Disclosures
About Oil and Gas Producing Activities
(unaudited)
|
Proved
Reserves
The estimates of proved reserves and related valuations for the
years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, were prepared
by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, independent petroleum engineers.
Each years estimate of proved reserves and related
valuations were also prepared in accordance with then-current
provisions of ASC 932 and Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards 69, or SFAS 69, Disclosures about Oil and Gas
Producing Activities.
F-24
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Estimates of proved reserves are inherently imprecise and are
continually subject to revision based on production history,
results of additional exploration and development, price changes
and other factors. All of our estimated oil and natural gas
reserves are attributable to properties within the United
States. A summary of Approachs changes in quantities of
proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves for the years ended
December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved Developed and Proved
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
NGLs
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Undeveloped Reserves
|
|
(MBbls)
|
|
|
(MBbls)
|
|
|
(MMcf)
|
|
|
(MBoe)
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2007
|
|
|
2,088
|
|
|
|
1,120
|
|
|
|
161,151
|
|
|
|
30,066
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
1,656
|
|
|
|
1,572
|
|
|
|
22,879
|
|
|
|
7,041
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,312
|
|
|
|
1,286
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(175
|
)
|
|
|
(102
|
)
|
|
|
(7,092
|
)
|
|
|
(1,459
|
)
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
(98
|
)
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
|
(11,383
|
)
|
|
|
(1,756
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2008
|
|
|
3,538
|
|
|
|
2,829
|
|
|
|
172,867
|
|
|
|
35,178
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
1,392
|
|
|
|
1,290
|
|
|
|
14,301
|
|
|
|
5,066
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
|
|
(209
|
)
|
|
|
(6,320
|
)
|
|
|
(1,468
|
)
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
(386
|
)
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
(12,514
|
)
|
|
|
(2,288
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2009
|
|
|
4,338
|
|
|
|
4,094
|
|
|
|
168,334
|
|
|
|
36,488
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
984
|
|
|
|
1,395
|
|
|
|
8,365
|
|
|
|
3,773
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
|
4,736
|
|
|
|
1,958
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(247
|
)
|
|
|
(261
|
)
|
|
|
(6,290
|
)
|
|
|
(1,556
|
)
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
(507
|
)
|
|
|
14,685
|
|
|
|
(24,756
|
)
|
|
|
10,052
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2010
|
|
|
4,951
|
|
|
|
20,699
|
|
|
|
150,389
|
|
|
|
50,715
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved Developed Reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
1,454
|
|
|
|
1,560
|
|
|
|
84,217
|
|
|
|
17,050
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
1,239
|
|
|
|
1,879
|
|
|
|
74,804
|
|
|
|
15,585
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
2,146
|
|
|
|
11,193
|
|
|
|
74,739
|
|
|
|
25,795
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following is a discussion of the material changes in our
proved reserve quantities for the years ended December 31,
2010, 2009 and 2008:
Year
Ended December 31, 2010
Our drilling programs in Cinco Terry and Ozona Northeast
resulted in our classification of reserves as proved, which
accounts for the additional quantities listed under extensions
and discoveries. For the year ended December 31, 2010, we
recorded a 10,052 MBoe positive revision to our previous
estimate, resulting from 9,190 MBoe attributable to planned
processing upgrades in Ozona Northeast and 1,117 MBoe
attributable to an increase in commodity prices, partially
offset by 255 MBoe of negative performance revisions. On
April 1, 2011, we will begin realizing NGL revenues from
the natural gas production in Ozona Northeast under a gas
purchase and processing contract with DCP Midstream, LP. The
commodity prices used to estimate our proved reserves at
December 31, 2010, increased to $4.38/MMBtu of gas,
$39.25/Bbl of NGLs and $79.40/Bbl of oil from $3.87/MMBtu of
natural gas,
$27.20/Bbl
of NGLs and $56.04/Bbl of oil at December 31, 2009. The
negative revision of 255 MBoe, primarily related to
producing properties in our North Bald Prairie field in East
Texas. Well performance data collected during 2010 for North
Bald Prairie indicated that these assets underperformed our
year-end 2010 decline estimates. Accordingly, we removed
F-25
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
910 MMcf (152 MBoe) from proved reserves recorded for
North Bald Prairie. We also removed 58 MBoe and
45 MBoe in Cinco Terry and Ozona Northeast, respectively,
due to performance revisions.
Year
Ended December 31, 2009
Our drilling programs in Cinco Terry and Ozona Northeast
resulted in our classification of reserves as proved, which
accounts for the additional quantities listed under extensions
and discoveries. For the year ended December 31, 2009, of
the 2,288 MBoe downward revision of our previous estimate,
1,692 MBoe and 596 MBoe relate to price and
performance revisions, respectively. The gas price used to
estimate our proved reserves decreased from $6.04 per Mcf at
December 31, 2008, to $3.88 per Mcf at December 31,
2009. The performance revision primarily related to producing
properties in our North Bald Prairie field in East Texas. Well
performance data collected during 2009 for North Bald Prairie
indicate that these assets underperformed our year-end 2008
decline estimates. Accordingly, we removed 4,514 MMcf from
proved reserves recorded for North Bald Prairie. We also removed
103 MBoe in Ozona Northeast due to performance revisions.
Partially offsetting the removal of 856 MBoe from proved
reserves recorded for North Bald Prairie and Ozona Northeast was
a positive performance revision of 260 MBoe in our Cinco
Terry field in West Texas.
Year
Ended December 31, 2008
Our drilling programs in Ozona Northeast, Cinco Terry and North
Bald Prairie resulted in our classification of reserves as
proved, which accounts for the additional quantities listed
under extensions and discoveries. Additionally, during 2008 we
acquired 1,285 MBoe of proved reserves in Ozona Northeast,
which accounts for the additional proved reserve quantities
listed as purchases of minerals in place. Downward revisions to
proved reserves of 1,234 MBoe are the result of a
significant decline in commodity prices during the third and
fourth quarters of 2008. The gas price used to estimate our
proved reserves decreased from $8.10 per Mcf at
December 31, 2007 to $6.04 per Mcf at December 31,
2008. Downward revisions to proved reserves of 522 MBoe,
which represents 1.7% of the our estimated proved reserves of
30,067 MBoe at December 31, 2007, was based on the
accumulation of additional production results that occurred
during 2008 in Ozona Northeast and North Bald Prairie. Wells
that primarily were responsible for downward revisions had
little production history (as proved developed producing wells)
or no production history (as proved undeveloped locations) when
reserves for those wells and locations were booked at
December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2008, after
recording and reviewing a years worth of production
history, we determined to revise the estimated ultimate
recoveries for these wells downward.
Standardized
Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved
Reserves
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves and the changes
in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves were prepared in
accordance with then-current provisions of ASC 932 and
SFAS 69. Future cash inflows were computed by applying the
average on the closing price on the first day of each month for
the 12-month
period prior to December 31, 2010, to estimated future
production. Future production and development costs are computed
by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and
producing the proved oil and natural gas reserves at year end,
based on year-end costs and assuming continuation of existing
economic conditions.
Future income tax expenses are calculated by applying
appropriate year-end tax rates to future pre-tax net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves, less the tax
basis of properties involved.
Future income tax expenses give effect to permanent differences,
tax credits and loss carryforwards relating to the proved oil
and natural gas reserves. Future net cash flows are discounted
at a rate of 10% annually to derive the standardized measure of
discounted future net cash flows. This calculation procedure
does not necessarily result in an estimate of the fair market
value of Approachs oil and natural gas properties.
F-26
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves are as follows
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Future cash flows
|
|
$
|
1,804,477
|
|
|
$
|
1,007,703
|
|
|
$
|
1,248,661
|
|
Future production costs
|
|
|
(499,321
|
)
|
|
|
(358,276
|
)
|
|
|
(411,177
|
)
|
Future development costs
|
|
|
(259,005
|
)
|
|
|
(213,161
|
)
|
|
|
(201,259
|
)
|
Future income tax expense
|
|
|
(282,628
|
)
|
|
|
(88,796
|
)
|
|
|
(157,503
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future net cash flows
|
|
|
763,523
|
|
|
|
347,470
|
|
|
|
478,722
|
|
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows
|
|
|
(559,291
|
)
|
|
|
(267,479
|
)
|
|
|
(336,087
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
204,232
|
|
|
$
|
79,991
|
|
|
$
|
142,635
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash flows as shown above were reported without
consideration for the effects of commodity derivative
transactions outstanding at each period end.
Changes
in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash
Flows
The changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net
cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves are
as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
79,991
|
|
|
$
|
142,635
|
|
|
$
|
215,960
|
|
Net change in sales and transfer prices and in production
(lifting) costs related to future production
|
|
|
120,520
|
|
|
|
(89,649
|
)
|
|
|
(148,739
|
)
|
Changes in estimated future development costs
|
|
|
(65,718
|
)
|
|
|
(29,647
|
)
|
|
|
(72,754
|
)
|
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced during the period
|
|
|
(46,031
|
)
|
|
|
(30,877
|
)
|
|
|
(68,037
|
)
|
Net change due to extensions, discoveries and improved recovery
|
|
|
30,240
|
|
|
|
26,648
|
|
|
|
58,249
|
|
Net change due to purchase of minerals in place
|
|
|
15,696
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,632
|
|
Net change due to revisions in quantity estimates
|
|
|
80,564
|
|
|
|
(12,034
|
)
|
|
|
(14,526
|
)
|
Previously estimated development costs incurred during the period
|
|
|
40,265
|
|
|
|
28,121
|
|
|
|
89,942
|
|
Accretion of discount
|
|
|
17,166
|
|
|
|
18,743
|
|
|
|
29,369
|
|
Other
|
|
|
4,171
|
|
|
|
(3,449
|
)
|
|
|
(8,712
|
)
|
Net change in income taxes
|
|
|
(72,632
|
)
|
|
|
29,500
|
|
|
|
51,251
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
204,232
|
|
|
$
|
79,991
|
|
|
$
|
142,635
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The commodity prices in effect at December 31, 2010, 2009
and 2008, inclusive of adjustments for quality and location used
in determining future net revenues related to the standardized
measure calculation are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
Oil (per Bbl)
|
|
$
|
79.40
|
|
|
$
|
56.04
|
|
|
$
|
39.60
|
|
Natural gas liquids (per Bbl)
|
|
$
|
39.25
|
|
|
$
|
27.20
|
|
|
$
|
23.00
|
|
Gas (per Mcf)
|
|
$
|
4.38
|
|
|
$
|
3.88
|
|
|
$
|
6.04
|
|
F-27
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited), (dollars in
thousands, except per-share amounts):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Quarters Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
$
|
16,290
|
|
|
$
|
14,916
|
|
|
$
|
13,155
|
|
|
$
|
13,220
|
|
Net operating expenses
|
|
|
(15,493
|
)
|
|
|
(12,350
|
)
|
|
|
(10,191
|
)
|
|
|
(12,368
|
)
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(558
|
)
|
|
|
(615
|
)
|
|
|
(550
|
)
|
|
|
(466
|
)
|
Realized gain on commodity derivates
|
|
|
2,171
|
|
|
|
1,615
|
|
|
|
1,768
|
|
|
|
230
|
|
Unrealized (loss) gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
(2,094
|
)
|
|
|
(312
|
)
|
|
|
(1,901
|
)
|
|
|
5,095
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
|
3,254
|
|
|
|
2,281
|
|
|
|
5,711
|
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
|
|
730
|
|
|
|
2,148
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
261
|
|
|
$
|
2,087
|
|
|
$
|
1,551
|
|
|
$
|
3,563
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net income applicable to common stockholders per common
share
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
|
$
|
0.07
|
|
|
$
|
0.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income applicable to common stockholders per common
share
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
|
$
|
0.07
|
|
|
$
|
0.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Quarters Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
$
|
11,881
|
|
|
$
|
8,787
|
|
|
$
|
9,915
|
|
|
$
|
10,065
|
|
Net operating expenses
|
|
|
(15,650
|
)
|
|
|
(10,715
|
)
|
|
|
(10,713
|
)
|
|
|
(12,557
|
)
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(434
|
)
|
|
|
(451
|
)
|
|
|
(457
|
)
|
|
|
(445
|
)
|
Realized gain on commodity derivates
|
|
|
2,763
|
|
|
|
4,271
|
|
|
|
4,444
|
|
|
|
3,181
|
|
Unrealized (loss) gain on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
(1,310
|
)
|
|
|
(6,414
|
)
|
|
|
(4,320
|
)
|
|
|
2,145
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income before income taxes
|
|
|
(2,750
|
)
|
|
|
(4,522
|
)
|
|
|
(1,131
|
)
|
|
|
2,389
|
|
Income tax (benefit) provision
|
|
|
(468
|
)
|
|
|
(1,378
|
)
|
|
|
(460
|
)
|
|
|
1,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(2,282
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,144
|
)
|
|
$
|
(671
|
)
|
|
$
|
868
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net (loss) income applicable to common stockholders per
common share
|
|
$
|
(0.11
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.15
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net (loss) income applicable to common stockholders per
common share
|
|
$
|
(0.11
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.15
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-28
Approach
Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Quarters Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
$
|
14,692
|
|
|
$
|
22,015
|
|
|
$
|
24,144
|
|
|
$
|
19,018
|
|
Impairment of non-producing properties
|
|
|
(6,379
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating expenses
|
|
|
(14,485
|
)
|
|
|
(9,749
|
)
|
|
|
(11,855
|
)
|
|
|
(9,803
|
)
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(423
|
)
|
|
|
(343
|
)
|
|
|
(148
|
)
|
Impairment of investment
|
|
|
(917
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized gain (loss) on commodity derivates
|
|
|
3,612
|
|
|
|
(195
|
)
|
|
|
(542
|
)
|
|
|
61
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
|
|
|
3,089
|
|
|
|
18,611
|
|
|
|
(9,672
|
)
|
|
|
(4,879
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income before income taxes
|
|
|
(743
|
)
|
|
|
30,259
|
|
|
|
1,732
|
|
|
|
4,249
|
|
Income tax (benefit) provision
|
|
|
(591
|
)
|
|
|
10,411
|
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
|
1,487
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(152
|
)
|
|
$
|
19,848
|
|
|
$
|
928
|
|
|
$
|
2,762
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net (loss) income applicable to common stockholders per
common share
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
|
$
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net (loss) income applicable to common stockholders per
common share
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
|
$
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-29
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Exhibit
|
|
|
2
|
.1
|
|
Purchase and Sale Agreement dated October 29, 2010, between
Magnum Hunter Resources Corporation and Approach Oil &
Gas Inc. (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Companys
Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed November 2, 2010, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
2
|
.2
|
|
Purchase and Sale Agreement dated February 23, 2011,
between J. Cleo Thompson and James Cleo Thompson, Jr. L.P.,
Wes-Tex Drilling Company, L.P. and Approach Oil & Gas
Inc. (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Companys Current
Report on
Form 8-K
filed March 1, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Approach Resources Inc.
(filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Companys Quarterly
Report on
Form 10-Q
filed December 13, 2007, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Restated Bylaws of Approach Resources Inc. (filed as
Exhibit 3.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
filed December 13, 2007, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to
the Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed October 18, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement between Approach Resources Inc. and
each of its directors and officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1
to the Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed September 13, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
First Amendment to Form of Indemnity Agreement between Approach
Resources Inc. and each of its directors and officers (filed as
Exhibit 10.5 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between
Approach Resources Inc. and J. Ross Craft dated
January 1, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 6, 2011, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between
Approach Resources Inc. and Steven P. Smart dated
January 1, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 6, 2011, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Employment Agreement by and between Approach Resources Inc. and
J. Curtis Henderson dated January 1, 2011 (filed as
Exhibit 10.3 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 6, 2011, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Employment Agreement by and between Approach Resources Inc. and
Qingming Yang dated January 24, 2011 (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Employment Agreement by and between Approach Resources Inc. and
Ralph P. Manoushagian dated January 24, 2011 (filed as
Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, effective as
of June 28, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the
Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1
filed July 12, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
First Amendment dated December 31, 2008, to Approach
Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, effective as of
June 28, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Form of Business Opportunities Agreement among Approach
Resources Inc. and the other signatories thereto (filed as
Exhibit 10.11 to the Companys Registration Statement
on
Form S-1/A
filed October 18, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.11
|
|
Form of Option Agreement under 2003 Stock Option Plan (filed as
Exhibit 10.12 to the Companys Registration Statement
on
Form S-1
filed July 12, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
68
Approach
Resources Inc.
Index to Exhibits (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Exhibit
|
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Form of Summary of Stock Option Grant under Approach Resources
Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to
the Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed October 18, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.13
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under Approach
Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as
Exhibit 10.10 to the Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
filed November 6, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
*10
|
.14
|
|
Form of Performance-Based, Time-Vesting Restricted Stock Award
Agreement under Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive
Plan.
|
|
10
|
.15
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of November 14,
2007, by and among Approach Resources Inc. and investors
identified therein (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K/A
filed December 3, 2007, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.16
|
|
Gas Purchase Contract dated May 1, 2004, between Ozona
Pipeline Energy Company, as Buyer, and Approach
Resources I, L.P. and certain other parties identified
therein (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to the Companys
Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed September 13, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.17
|
|
Agreement Regarding Gas Purchase Contract dated May 26,
2005, between Ozona Pipeline Energy Company, as Buyer, and
Approach Resources I, L.P. and certain other parties
identified therein (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to the
Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed September 13, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.19
|
|
Gas Purchase Agreement dated as of November 21, 2007,
between WTG Benedum Joint Venture, as Buyer, and Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. and Approach Operating, LLC, as Seller
(filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report
on
Form 8-K
filed November 28, 2007, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.20
|
|
Gas Purchase Contract dated as of January 1, 2011, between
Approach Resources I, LP and Approach Oil & Gas
Inc., as Seller, and DCP Midstream, LP, as Buyer (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 14, 2011, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.21
|
|
Carry and Earning Agreement dated July 13, 2007, by and
between Approach Oil & Gas Inc. and EnCana
Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.22
to the Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed September 13, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.22
|
|
Oil & Gas Lease dated February 27, 2007, between
the lessors identified therein and Approach Oil & Gas
Inc., as successor to Lynx Production Company, Inc. (filed as
Exhibit 10.23 to the Companys Registration Statement
on
Form S-1/A
filed September 13, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.23
|
|
Amendment dated as of January 1, 2009, to Oil &
Gas Lease dated February 27, 2007, between the lessors
identified therein and Approach Oil & Gas Inc., as
successor to Lynx Production Company, Inc. (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed October 20, 2009, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.24
|
|
Specimen Oil and Gas Lease for Boomerang prospect between
lessors and Approach Oil & Gas Inc., as successor to
The Keeton Group, LLC, as lessee (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to
the Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1/A
filed September 13, 2007 (File
No. 333-144512),
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.25
|
|
$200,000,000 Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of
January 18, 2008, among Approach Resources Inc., as
borrower, The Frost National Bank, as administrative agent and
lender, and the financial institutions named therein (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed January 25, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
69
Approach
Resources Inc.
Index to Exhibits (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Exhibit
|
|
|
10
|
.26
|
|
Amendment No. 1 dated February 19, 2008, to Credit
Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among Approach
Resources Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank, and
JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, as lenders, and Approach
Oil & Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas (Canada)
Inc. and Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed February 22, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.27
|
|
Amendment No. 2 dated May 6, 2008, to Credit Agreement
dated as of January 18, 2008, among Approach Resources
Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank, as administrative
agent and lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, as lender, and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas
(Canada) Inc. and Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors
(filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Companys Current Report
on
Form 8-K
filed August 28, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.28
|
|
Amendment No. 3 dated August 26, 2008, to Credit
Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among Approach
Resources Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent and lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, Fortis
Capital Corp. and KeyBank National Association, as lenders, and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas
(Canada) Inc. and Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors
(filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report
on
Form 8-K
filed August 28, 2008, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.29
|
|
Amendment No. 4 dated April 8, 2009, to Credit
Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among Approach
Resources Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent and lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, Fortis
Capital Corp. and KeyBank National Association, as lenders, and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas
(Canada) Inc. and Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors
(filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report
on
Form 8-K
filed April 16, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.30
|
|
Amendment No. 5 dated July 8, 2009, to Credit
Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among Approach
Resources Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent and lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, Fortis
Capital Corp. and KeyBank National Association, as lenders, and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas
(Canada) Inc. and Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors
(filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report
on
Form 8-K
filed July 14, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.31
|
|
Amendment No. 6 dated as of October 30, 2009, to
Credit Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among
Approach Resources Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank,
as administrative agent and lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA,
Fortis Capital Corp. and KeyBank National Association, as
lenders, and Approach Oil & Gas Inc., Approach
Oil & Gas (Canada) Inc. and Approach Resources I,
LP, as guarantors (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed November 3, 2009, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.32
|
|
Amendment No. 7 dated as of February 1, 2010, to
Credit Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among
Approach Resources Inc., as borrower, The Frost National Bank,
as administrative agent and lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.,
as successor agent and lender, Fortis Capital Corp. and KeyBank
National Association, as lenders, and Approach Oil &
Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas (Canada) Inc. and
Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed February 4, 2010, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
10
|
.33
|
|
Amendment No. 8 dated as of May 3, 2010, to Credit
Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among Approach
Resources Inc., as Borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
administrative agent and lender, The Frost National Bank, BNP
Paribas and KeyBank National Association, as lenders, Fortis
Capital Corp., as departing lender and Approach Oil &
Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas (Canada) Inc. and
Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors (filed as
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed May 6, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
70
Approach
Resources Inc.
Index to Exhibits (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Exhibit
|
|
|
10
|
.34
|
|
Amendment No. 9 dated as of October 21, 2010, to
Credit Agreement dated as of January 18, 2008, among
Approach Resources Inc., as Borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.,
as administrative agent and lender, The Frost National Bank, BNP
Paribas and KeyBank National Association, as lenders, and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc., Approach Oil & Gas
(Canada) Inc. and Approach Resources I, LP, as guarantors
(filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report
on
Form 8-K
filed October 26, 2010, and incorporated herein by
reference).
|
|
14
|
.1
|
|
Code of Conduct (filed as Exhibit 14.1 to the
Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K
filed March 28, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
21
|
.1
|
|
Subsidiaries (filed as Exhibit 21.1 to the Companys
Annual Report on
Form 10-K
filed March 13, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
*23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of Hein & Associates LLP.
|
|
*23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of DeGolyer and MacNaughton.
|
|
*31
|
.1
|
|
Certification by the President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
|
|
*31
|
.2
|
|
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
*32
|
.1
|
|
Certification by the President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
*32
|
.2
|
|
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to U.S.C.
Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
*99
|
.1
|
|
Report of DeGolyer and MacNaughton.
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
71