Fair Value

The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair values. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect its estimate for market assumptions.

Valuation inputs refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing a given asset or liability using one of the three valuation techniques. Inputs can be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the particular asset or liability. These inputs are based on market data and are obtained from an independent source. Unobservable inputs are assumptions based on the Company’s own information or estimate of assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are based on the best and most current information available on the measurement date.

All inputs, whether observable or unobservable, are ranked in accordance with a prescribed fair value hierarchy:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.


•	Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

The Company used the following methods to measure fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis:

•

Financial instruments with book value equal to fair value: The fair value of financial instruments that are short-term or reprice frequently and that have little or no risk are considered to have a fair value equal to book value. These instruments include cash on hand and in banks, interest-earning deposits with banks, FHLB stock, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable. FHLB stock is not publicly-traded, however it may be redeemed on a dollar-for-dollar basis, for any amount the Bank is not required to hold, subject to the FHLB’s discretion. The fair value is therefore equal to the book value.


•	Investments available-for-sale: The fair value of all investments, excluding FHLB stock, was based upon quoted market prices for similar investments in active markets, identical or similar investments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.


•	Loans receivable: The fair value of loans receivable are based on the exit price notion, and are calculated from inputs reflective of current market pricing for similar instruments, to include current origination spreads, liquidity premiums, and credit adjustments. The fair value of nonperforming loans is estimated using the fair value of the underlying collateral.


•	Derivatives: The fair value of derivatives is based on dealer quotes, pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques for which the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation.

•

Liabilities: The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as statement savings, interest-bearing checking and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows using current interest rates for certificates of deposit with similar remaining maturities. The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated based on discounting the future cash flows using current interest rates for debt with similar remaining maturities.

•

Off balance sheet commitments: No fair value adjustment is necessary for commitments made to extend credit, which represents commitments for loan originations or for outstanding commitments to purchase loans. These commitments are at variable rates, are for loans with terms of less than one year and have interest rates which approximate prevailing market rates, or are set at the time of loan closing.

Fair value estimates are based on existing balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. The fair value has not been estimated for assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.

The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 recurring measurements) at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2019
	Fair Value Measurements		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
Investments available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed investments:
Fannie Mae	$	23,716	$	—	$	23,716	$	—
Freddie Mac	6,387		—		6,387		—
Ginnie Mae	22,438		—		22,438		—
Other	11,864		—		11,864		—
Municipal bonds	7,889		—		7,889		—
U.S. Government agencies	45,947		—		45,947		—
Corporate bonds	23,340		—		23,340		—
Total available-for-sale investments	141,581		—		141,581		—
Derivative fair value asset	450		—		450		—
Total	$	142,031	$	—	$	142,031	$	—



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
	Fair Value Measurements		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
Investments available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed investments:
Fannie Mae	$	23,643	$	—	$	23,643	$	—
Freddie Mac	6,287		—		6,287		—
Ginnie Mae	22,061		—		22,061		—
Other	8,979		—		8,979		—
Municipal bonds	10,544		—		10,544		—
U.S. Government agencies	47,438		—		47,438		—
Corporate bonds	23,218		—		23,218		—
Total available-for-sale investments	142,170		—		142,170		—
Derivative fair value asset	1,662		—		1,662		—
Total	$	143,832	$	—	$	143,832	$	—

The estimated fair value of Level 2 investments is based on quoted prices for similar investments in active markets, identical or similar investments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.

The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018:



	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2019
	Fair Value Measurements		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
Impaired loans (included in loans receivable, net) ⁽¹⁾	$	18,427	$	—	$	—	$	18,427
OREO	454		—		—		454
Total	$	18,881	$	—	$	—	$	18,881

_____________

⁽¹⁾Total fair value of impaired loans is net of $38,000 of specific reserves on performing TDRs.



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
	Fair Value Measurements		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
Impaired loans (included in loans receivable, net) ⁽¹⁾	$	10,087	$	—	$	—	$	10,087
OREO	483		—		—		483
Total	$	10,570	$	—	$	—	$	10,570

_____________

⁽¹⁾Total fair value of impaired loans is net of $62,000 of specific reserves on performing TDRs.

The fair value of impaired loans reflects the exit price and is calculated using the collateral value method or on a discounted cash flow basis. Inputs used in the collateral value method include appraised values, less estimated costs to sell. Some of these inputs may not be observable in the marketplace. Appraised values may be discounted based on management’s knowledge of the marketplace, subsequent changes in market conditions, or management’s knowledge of the borrower.

OREO properties are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.

The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	June 30, 2019
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Range (Weighted Average)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired Loans	$	18,427	Market approach	Appraised value discounted by market or borrower conditions	0.0% (0.00%)

OREO	$	454	Market approach	Appraised value less selling costs	0.0% (0.00%)



	December 31, 2018
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Range (Weighted Average)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired Loans	$	10,087	Market approach	Appraised value discounted by market or borrower conditions	0.0% (0.0%)

OREO	$	483	Market approach	Appraised value less selling costs	0.0% (0.0%)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows at the dates indicated:



	June 30, 2019
			Estimated		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash on hand and in banks	$	8,119	$	8,119	$	8,119	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning deposits with banks	22,579		22,579		22,579		—		—
Investments available-for-sale	141,581		141,581		—		141,581		—
Loans receivable, net	1,052,676		1,044,364		—		—		1,044,364
FHLB stock	5,701		5,701		—		5,701		—
Accrued interest receivable	4,650		4,650		—		4,650		—
Derivative fair value asset	450		450		—		450		—

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	432,813		432,813		432,813		—		—
Certificates of deposit, retail	412,134		416,959		—		416,959		—
Certificates of deposit, brokered	180,763		181,127		—		181,127		—
Advances from the FHLB	105,000		105,555		—		105,555		—
Accrued interest payable	461		461		—		461		—



	December 31, 2018
			Estimated		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash on hand and in banks	$	8,122	$	8,122	$	8,122	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning deposits with banks	8,888		8,888		8,888		—		—
Investments available-for-sale	142,170		142,170		—		142,170		—
Loans receivable, net	1,022,904		1,012,114		—		—		1,012,114
FHLB stock	7,310		7,310		—		7,310		—
Accrued interest receivable	4,068		4,068		—		4,068		—
Derivative fair value asset	1,662		1,662		—		1,662		—

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	450,033		450,033		450,033		—		—
Certificates of deposit, retail	391,174		390,101		—		390,101		—
Certificates of deposit, brokered	97,825		97,466		—		97,466		—
Advances from the FHLB	146,500		146,357		—		146,357		—
Accrued interest payable	478		478		—		478		—