Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount

Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:

	Real Estate Franchise Services			Company Owned Brokerage Services			Relocation Services			Title and Settlement Services			Total Company
Gross goodwill as of December 31, 2017	$	3,315		$	1,062		$	641		$	478		$	5,496
Accumulated impairment losses	(1,023		)	(158		)	(281		)	(324		)	(1,786		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	2,292			904			360			154			3,710
Goodwill acquired (a)	—			1			—			—			1
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	2,292		$	905		$	360		$	154		$	3,711

_______________

(a) Goodwill acquired during the six months endedJune 30, 2018 relates to the acquisition of two real estate brokerage operations.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are as follows:

	As of June 30, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a)	$	2,019	$	759	$	1,260	$	2,019	$	725	$	1,294
Indefinite life—Trademarks (b)	$	749			$	749	$	749			$	749
Other Intangibles
Amortizable—License agreements (c)	$	45	$	10	$	35	$	45	$	10	$	35
Amortizable—Customer relationships (d)	549		347		202		549		335		214
Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e)	18				18		18				18
Amortizable—Pendings and listings (f)	—		—		—		2		1		1
Amortizable—Other (g)	33		19		14		33		17		16
Total Other Intangibles	$	645	$	376	$	269	$	647	$	363	$	284

_______________

(a) Generally amortized over a period of 30 years.

(b) Primarily relates to the Century 21^®, Coldwell Banker^®, ERA^®, Corcoran^®, Coldwell Banker Commercial^® and Cartus tradenames, which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.

(c) Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty^® and Better Homes and Gardens^® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).

(d) Relates to the customer relationships at the Relocation Services segment, the Title and Settlement Services segment and our Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years.

(e) Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.

(f) Generally amortized over a period of 5 months.

(g) Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years.

Intangible asset amortization expense

Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Franchise agreements	$	17	$	17	$	34	$	34
License agreements	—		—		—		—
Customer relationships	6		7		12		13
Pendings and listings	—		—		1		1
Other	1		1		2		3
Total	$	24	$	25	$	49	$	51