6. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE - RELATED PARTIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE - RELATED PARTIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

As of March 31, 2016, the following summarizes amounts owed under short-term convertible notes –related parties:

	Amount
Evey Note	$	83,616
Noble Note		600,000
	$	683,616

Evey Note

Prior to fiscal 2011, the Company was advanced monies by John Evey, our director, and executed a 10% convertible promissory note which was convertible into shares of common stock at $0.33 per share. There was no beneficial conversion feature at the note date and this note is subordinate to the Gemini Master Funds notes. Through a series of amendments, the conversion price of the convertible note was reduced to $0.20 and the maturity date was extended to December 31, 2015.

Effective December 31, 2015, the Company entered into a further extension agreement to extend the maturity date of this note to December 31, 2016. There were no additional fees or discounts associated with this extension. This modification was treated as an extinguishment, but as the market price of the Company’s stock was below the conversion price at the time of the modification, there was no beneficial conversion feature that needed to be recorded.

After principal payments totaling $3,000 during the three month period ended March 31, 2016, the balance of the note as of March 31, 2016 is $83,616 with accrued interest amounting to $39,795. The note continues to bear interest at a rate of 10% (See note 12).

Noble Note

At the end of 2010, the Company had a series of outstanding convertible notes to Gemini Master Fund, Ltd which were due December 31, 2011. These notes bore interest at a rate of 12% per annum and, with the exception of one note, had a conversion feature whereby, the lender, at its option, may at any time convert this loan into common stock at $0.25 per share. Interest under these notes is due on the first business day of each calendar quarter, however, upon three days advance notice, the Company may elect to add such interest to the note principal balance effectively making the interest due at note maturity. With regard to the conversion feature of these notes, the conversion rights contain price protection whereby if the Company sold equity or converted existing instruments to common stock at a price less than the effective conversion price, the conversion price will be adjusted downward to the sale price. Furthermore, if the Company issues new rights, warrants, options or other common stock equivalents at an exercise price that is less than the stated conversion price, then the conversion price shall be adjusted downward to a new price based on a stipulated formula. The holder may not convert the debt if it results in the holder beneficially holding more than 4.9% of the Company’s common stock. The note is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and its subsidiary, and is unconditionally guaranteed by the subsidiary.

Prior to June 30, 2010 all shares underlying the Gemini Master Fund convertible debt were subject to a lock-up agreement, and the shares were not easily convertible to cash thus, the embedded conversion option did not need to be bifurcated and recorded as a fair value derivative due to the price protection provision in the notes. Subsequent to June 30, 2010, such lock-up provisions expired and as such, the Company determined that the embedded conversion option met the definition of a derivative liability and needed to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative at fair value.

Through a series of amendments, the Company modified terms of all notes so that the terms of these notes became equivalent. Further, the interest rates were reduced to 10%; the conversion prices were reduced to $0.15; and the terms were extended to December 31, 2013.

Effective February 28, 2014 the Company entered into an additional extension and amendment agreement with a simultaneous principal conversion agreement related to these convertible notes payable. With this agreement, all outstanding notes were merged into one note, the term of the note was extended to June 30, 2015 and the beneficial holder ceiling was increased to 9.9%. No other terms of the notes were modified. These changes were accounted for as a debt modification but not as a debt extinguishment because the embedded conversion feature is bifurcated and treated as a derivative and no other debt extinguishment criteria were met. As a result of this transaction, the Company recorded $478,561 of embedded conversion option based effective interest based on the increase in the fair value of the embedded conversion option due to the modification which was recorded as debt discount and was amortized over the then remaining term of the loan. The Company further issued 1,500,000 common stock purchase warrants valued at $193,625 using the Black-Scholes valuation methodology, each with a three year term and $0.20 strike price, to the holder which was recorded as debt discount and was amortized over the then remaining term of the note. The Company agreed to pay a $6,500 fee to cover legal and document fees which was capitalized as an asset on the balance sheet as “Debt issue costs” and was amortized over the then remaining term of the note. Simultaneously, Gemini converted $550,000 of principal convertible debt, and all accrued interest through 2013, and further, the accrued interest through the conversion date for the converted debt, totaling $155,161 into 4,701,076 shares of common stock of the Company (3,666,666 shares for principal and 1,034,410 for interest) at the contracted conversion price of $0.15 per share. The conversion was recorded to equity with no gain or loss on such conversion related to the principal portion, while the Company recorded a loss of $20,689 related to the conversion of accrued interest. As an inducement to Gemini to convert the principal debt amount, the Company issued 3,727,778 common stock purchase warrants, each with a strike price of $0.20 and a three year term. These warrants are valued at $482,300 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and were expensed at the date of the transaction.

In June 2015, Gemini sold a 70.0066819% stake in its’ note to Robert Noble, our former Chairman, in a private transaction. The Company issued two replacement notes for their respective ownership values based on this transaction. Each note has the same terms and conditions as existed prior to this transaction and as discussed above. There were no accounting effects for this transaction.

In September 2015, the Company made a payment of $306,624 to pay off the balance of the Gemini note and its accrued interest, and recorded a loss on debt settlement of $2,925.

In regards to the remaining note, Robert Noble agreed to an extension to April 18, 2016. Additionally, during 2015, the Company made a $100,000 payment to Mr. Noble to pay down the accrued interest on this note. As Mr. Noble is a greater than 10% shareholder in the Company, the note is classified as Convertible Notes Payable- Related Parties in the accompanying balance sheets.

At March 31, 2016, the remaining note had a balance of $600,000, and accrued interest of $47,224.

Effective January 20, 2016, Mr. Noble entered into a Purchase Option Agreement with a firm affiliated with Jay S. Potter, a director of the Company (the “Optionee”), pursuant to which the Optionee has the right to purchase or arrange for the purchase of the Note from Mr. Noble and all of Mr. Noble’s shares in the Company (the “Option”), at any time until March 31, 2016. This date was subsequently amended to May 31, 2016. The Company has consented to the Purchase Option Agreement. Under a Note Settlement and General Release Agreement, provided that the Option is fully exercised and honored, the Company agreed to grant Mr. Noble the right to acquire, for one dollar, at any time until June 30, 2017, a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license to utilize all of the Company intellectual property developed prior to January 1, 2011, except for the following: (i) EV ARC™ and (ii) EnvisionTrak™. Further, provided the Option is exercised in full and Mr. Noble complies with it, the Company will extend the expiration date of the 1,138,120 warrants to purchase 1,138,120 shares of the Company’s common stock owned by Mr. Noble (the “Warrants”) from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017, and will reduce the exercise price of such Warrants from $0.24 to $0.20 per share. As of March 31, 2016, the Option has not yet been excercised.

Fair Value Measurements – Derivative liability:

The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The accounting standard established a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available.  This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows. Level 1 input are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. An asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis consisted of the following at March 31, 2016:

			Fair value Measurements at March 31, 2016
	Carrying Value at March 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Embedded Conversion Option Liability	$	233,845	$	-	$	-	$	233,845

The following is a summary of activity of Level 3 liabilities for the period ended March 31, 2016:

Balance December 31, 2015	$	87,992
Change in Fair Value		145,853
Balance March 31, 2016	$	233,845

Changes in fair value of the embedded conversion option liability are included in other income (expense) in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company estimates the fair value of the embedded conversion option liability utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is dependent upon several variables such as the expected term (based on contractual term), expected volatility of our stock price over the expected term (based on historical volatility), expected risk-free interest rate over the expected term, and the expected dividend yield rate over the expected term.  The Company believes this valuation methodology is appropriate for estimating the fair value of the derivative liability.  The following table summarizes the assumptions the Company utilized to estimate the fair value of the embedded conversion option at March 31, 2016:

Assumptions
Expected remaining term	0.25
Expected volatility	117.06%
Risk free rate	0.16%
Dividend yield	0.00%

There were no changes in the valuation techniques during the three month period ended March 31, 2016. The Company did however compute the valuation of this derivative liability using a binomial lattice model noting no material differences in valuation results.