6-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 2016

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-33863

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD.

27/F, China Central Place, Tower II
79 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District
Beijing 100025
People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F x                                Form 40-F ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ¨

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Explanatory Note		1
Forward-Looking Statements		1
Signature		4
Exhibit Index		5
Exhibit 99.1	Unaudited interim consolidated financial statements at June 30, 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and its Subsidiaries.
Exhibit 99.2	Selected consolidated financial data at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and its Subsidiaries.
Exhibit 99.3	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects at June 30, 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and its Subsidiaries.
Exhibit 101	The following financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from the Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.'s Report on Form 6-K for the month of August 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 (audited) and June 30, 2016 (unaudited), (ii) Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016 (unaudited), (iii) Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016 (unaudited), and (iv) Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Xinyuan” or the “Company”) is furnishing this Form 6-K to provide six-month interim financial statements and incorporate such financial statements into the Company’s registration statements referenced below.

This Form 6-K is hereby incorporated by reference into the registration statements of the Company on Form S-8 (Registration Numbers 333-152637, 333-198525 and 333-205371) and on Form F-3 (Registration Number 333-192046) and any outstanding prospectus, offering circular or similar document issued or authorized by the Company that incorporates by reference any of the Company’s reports on Form 6-K that are incorporated into its registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and this Form 6-K shall be deemed a part of each such document from the date on which this Form 6-K is filed, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Report on Form 6-K, including the Exhibits hereto, contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

1

You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “is expected to,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “potential,” “continue,” “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions or negatives of such expressions. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about:

· our anticipated growth strategies;

· our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;

· our expectations with respect to out ability to acquire adequate financing for our future business development;

· our expectations with respect to our ability to acquire adequate suitable land use rights for future development; and

· our belief with respect to market opportunities in, and growth prospects of, our target market cites in China and our targeted areas in the United States.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. However, a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could affect the accuracy of these statements. Among the important factors to consider in evaluating our forward-looking statements are:

· our ability to continue to implement our business model successfully;

· our ability to secure adequate financing for our project development;

· our ability to successfully sell or complete our property projects under construction and planning;

· our ability to enter into new geographic markets and expand our operations;

· the marketing and sales ability of our third-party sales agents;

· the performance of our third party contractors;

· laws, regulations and policies relating to real estate developers and the real estate industry in the markets in which we operate;

· our ability to obtain permits and licenses to carry on our business in compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

· competition from other real estate developers;

· the growth of the real estate industry in the markets in which we operate; and

· fluctuations in general economic and business conditions in the markets in which we operate.

Additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance, including the risks outlined in our 2015 Form 20-F under “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors.” You should read thoroughly this Report on Form 6-K and the Exhibits hereto with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and/or worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

2

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The forward-looking statements made in this Report on Form 6-K relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this Report on Form 6-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by applicable securities laws.

3

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.
By:	/s/ Huaiyu Liu
Name:	Huaiyu Liu
Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 22, 2016

4

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
Exhibit 99.1	Unaudited interim consolidated financial statements at June 30, 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and its Subsidiaries.
Exhibit 99.2	Selected consolidated financial data at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and its Subsidiaries.
Exhibit 99.3	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects at June 30, 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and its Subsidiaries.
Exhibit 101	The following financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from the Company’s Report on Form 6-K for the month of August 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 (audited) and June 30, 2016 (unaudited), (ii) Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016 (unaudited), (iii) Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016 (unaudited), and (iv) Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016.

5

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries

CONTENTS

	Pages
Condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 (audited) and June 30, 2016 (unaudited)	F-2
Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016 (unaudited)	F-4
Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016 (unaudited)	F-5
Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016	F-7

F-1 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015 (AUDITED)

AND JUNE 30, 2016 (UNAUDITED)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

	Notes	December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
		US$		US$
		(Audited)		(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents			387,528,092		416,829,316
Restricted cash			363,137,210		482,125,017
Short-term investments	3		1,244,646		32,398,227
Accounts receivable			42,040,320		17,228,400
Other receivables			147,651,234		28,330,996
Deposits for land use rights			46,199,335		49,764,748
Other deposits and prepayments			254,048,288		261,491,522
Advances to suppliers			50,534,250		55,850,055
Real estate properties development completed			24,076,559		21,987,023
Real estate properties under development (including real estate properties under development of the consolidated variable interest entities (“Consolidated VIEs”) to be used only to settle obligations of the Consolidated VIEs of US$321,477,961 and US$142,322,586 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	4		1,887,321,801		2,082,679,555
Amounts due from related party	11		58,630,172		45,590,748
Amounts due from employees	11		350,919		1,871,777
Other current assets			200,891		115,218
Total current assets			3,262,963,717		3,496,262,602
Real estate properties held for lease, net			71,132,582		68,663,976
Deposits for land use rights			107,798,448		78,417,179
Property and equipment, net			39,323,322		36,777,883
Other long-term investment	5		31,107,552		31,107,552
Investment in joint ventures			6,124,827		11,008,678
Deferred tax assets			15,488,557		28,806,865
Other assets			14,944,179		13,311,625
TOTAL ASSETS			3,548,883,184		3,764,356,360

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-2 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015 (AUDITED)

AND JUNE 30, 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

	Notes	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
		US$			US$
		(Audited)			(Unaudited)
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and notes payable (including accounts payable and notes payable of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$51,564,352 and US$42,669,182 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)			471,175,849			457,770,011
Short-term bank loans and other debt (including short-term bank loans and other debt of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of nil and US$12,064,181 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	7		222,226,246			226,678,954
Customer deposits (including customer deposits of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$11,510,875 and US$17,335,514 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)			64,451,511			63,832,972
Income tax payable (including income tax payable of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$9,011,064 and US$10,105,126 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)			106,034,490			98,036,514
Deferred tax liabilities			57,692,275			44,369,136
Other payables and accrued liabilities (including other payables and accrued liabilities of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$9,884,086 and US$12,096,352 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)			106,126,369			105,786,177
Payroll and welfare payable (including payroll and welfare payable of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$2,017,480 and US$276,353 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)			22,966,053			8,787,655
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt (including current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$122,890,230 and US$125,015,080  as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	8,9		594,834,196			809,094,078
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	2(a)		3,065,612			3,001,999
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests (including mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of nil and US$603,209 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)			2,309,967			1,206,418
Amounts due to related party	11		-			15,080,227
Total current liabilities			1,650,882,568			1,833,644,141
Long-term bank loans	8		13,859,800			51,021,927
Deferred tax liabilities			13,500,239			20,711,472
Unrecognized tax benefits	10		17,842,283			18,081,473
Other long-term debt (including other long-term debt of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$65,603,055 and nil as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	9		897,503,703			892,098,022
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities			18,111,007			16,548,786
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests (including mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$615,991 and US$452,407 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	2(a)		1,231,982			452,407
Total liabilities			2,612,931,582			2,832,558,228
Commitments and contingencies	15		-			-
Shareholders’ equity
Common shares, US$0.0001 par value:
Authorized-500,000,000; shares issued and outstanding- 133,417,607 shares as of  June 30, 2016 (December 31, 2015: 142,802,936 shares)	12		15,835			15,935
Treasury shares	12		(24,045,440	)		(45,262,256	)
Additional paid-in capital			531,233,336			533,954,918
Statutory reserves			80,049,764			79,255,415
Retained earnings			317,765,089			344,197,018
Accumulated other comprehensive income	16		30,951,837			11,516,001
Total Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders’ equity			935,970,421			923,677,031
Non-controlling interest	17		(18,819	)		8,121,101
Total equity			935,951,602			931,798,132
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY			3,548,883,184			3,764,356,360

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-3 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

		Six months ended June 30,
	Notes	2015			2016
		US$			US$
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenue:
Real estate sales, net of sales taxes of US$25,558,801 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and US$34,932,216  for the six months ended June 30, 2016			428,135,015			594,465,950
Real estate lease income			2,800,637			2,980,041
Real estate management services income			10,370,917			12,867,287
Other revenue			477,136			1,693,558
Total revenue			441,783,705			612,006,836
Costs of revenue:
Cost of real estate sales			(321,290,535	)		(471,580,587	)
Cost of real estate lease income			(1,549,902	)		(1,795,262	)
Cost of real estate management services income			(8,849,571	)		(10,052,465	)
Other costs			(1,168,942	)		(2,379,095	)
Total cost of revenue			(332,858,950	)		(485,807,409	)
Gross profit			108,924,755			126,199,427
Selling and distribution expenses			(18,647,331	)		(16,921,743	)
General and administrative expenses			(44,793,444	)		(55,604,870	)
Operating income			45,483,980			53,672,814
Interest income			11,910,810			12,693,566
Interest expense			(9,956,249	)		(10,063,297	)
Net realized gain on short-term investments			762,469			915,903
Unrealized gain on short-term investments			19,156			766,955
Other income			4,721,643			4,108,053
Share of gain/(loss) in an equity investee			478,394			(597,966	)
Exchange gain			-			235,624
Income from operations before income taxes			53,420,203			61,731,652
Income taxes			(28,747,037	)		(27,032,761	)
Net income			24,673,166			34,698,891
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interest			(267	)		(2,053,922	)
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders			24,672,899			32,644,969
Earnings per share:
Basic	13		0.17			0.24
Diluted	13		0.17			0.23
Shares used in computation:
Basic	13		147,035,708			134,617,909
Diluted	13		147,238,150			138,984,932
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation adjustments	16		267,938			(19,435,836	)
Comprehensive income			24,941,104			15,263,055
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest			(19,724	)		(2,053,922	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders			24,921,380			13,209,133

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-4 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

	Six months ended June 30,
	2015			2016
	US$			US$
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income		24,673,166			34,698,891
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)/provided operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		4,075,323			4,321,389
Stock-based compensation expenses		1,655,456			5,271,661
Changes in unrecognized tax benefit		(2,748,906	)		305,511
Deferred tax expense/(benefit)		24,577,527			(26,387,082	)
Share of income/(loss) in an equity investee		(478,394	)		597,966
Net realized gain on trading securities		(617,576	)		(915,902	)
Unrealized gain on trading securities		(19,156	)		(766,955	)
Proceeds from disposal of trading securities		22,827,583			16,410,536
Purchase of trading securities		(17,872,929	)		(29,632,698	)
Purchase of short-term investments		-			(16,781,803	)
Bargain purchase gain		-			(2,004,507	)
Gain on remeasurement of pre-existing shares		-			(2,100,563	)
Others		734,829			(1,056,139	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(10,740,962	)		25,830,383
Real estate property held for sale		1,185,217			-
Real estate property development completed		750,886			2,883,228
Real estate property under development		(377,225,106	)		20,317,523
Real estate properties held for lease		(9,273,066	)		(532,482	)
Advances to suppliers		(22,460,803	)		(3,720,032	)
Other receivables		(21,089,249	)		119,468,434
Deposits for land use rights		136,097,551			(41,387,969	)
Other deposits and prepayments		(65,808,140	)		29,395,254
Other current assets		(97,290	)		1,796,533
Amounts due from employees		(1,584,316	)		(1,538,762	)
Amount due from parties		43,367,400			(58,153,898	)
Other assets		686,286			2,059,626
Accounts payable		14,298,514			(49,788,059	)
Customer deposits		45,216,467			8,652,670
Income tax payable		(597,035	)		(6,007,499	)
Other payables and accrued liabilities		3,919,439			(884,016	)
Payroll and welfare payable		(14,842,675	)		(13,872,499	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities		(221,389,959	)		16,478,740

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-5 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

	Six months ended June 30,
	2015			2016
	US$			US$
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Disposal of properties held for lease and property and equipment		12,485			83,564
Purchase of property and equipment		(1,979,531	)		(921,985	)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities		(6,137,451	)		-
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired		-			15,055,431
Acquisition of other equity method investments		-			(11,543,711	)
Acquisition of other long-term investment		(32,633,171	)		-
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities		(40,737,668	)		2,673,299
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		27,830			1,454,020
Purchase of treasury shares		-			(21,216,816	)
Repurchase of shares under Restricted Stock Unit (“RSU”) plan		(2,067,127	)		(4,003,999	)
Dividends to shareholders		(7,375,851	)		(7,015,794	)
Decrease/(increase) in restricted cash		87,365,781			(111,232,195	)
Repayment of short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term bank loans		(201,485,778	)		(503,479,828	)
Proceeds from short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term bank loans		265,216,598			335,814,445
Repayment of long-term bank loans		(24,474,878	)		-
Proceeds from long-term bank loans		71,336,111			41,624,237
Repayment of other short-term debt		(163,165,853	)		-
Proceeds from other short-term debt		24,474,878			12,249,492
Repayment of other long-term debt		(6,925,120	)		(41,075,118	)
Proceeds from other long-term debt		239,926,458			314,944,294
Capital lease payments		(1,640,702	)		(1,204,634	)
Repayment of mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests		(399,756	)		(2,296,780	)
Proceeds from mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests		1,305,327			459,356
Net cash provided by financing activities		282,117,918			15,020,680
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		19,990,291			34,172,719
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(641,345	)		(4,871,495	)
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period		140,494,754			387,528,092
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AT END OF PERIOD		159,843,700			416,829,316

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-6 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

1. Background information of business and organization

Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) are principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In 2012, the Group expanded its business into the U.S. residential real estate market and established Vista Sierra, LLC, XIN Irvine, LLC and 421 Kent Development, LLC to acquire three projects in Reno, Nevada, Irvine, California and Brooklyn, New York, respectively. On April 6, 2012, September 25, 2012, December 4, 2015 and December 9, 2015, Zhengzhou Jiantou Xinyuan United Real Estate Co., Ltd. , Henan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd., Beijing Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Kunming Huaxia Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. subsidiaries of the Company, were liquidated, respectively. On October 18, 2013, Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Kunshan Xinyuan”) acquired a 100% equity interest in Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd. On January 27, 2014, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. acquired a 100% equity interest in Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd. (“Sanya Beida”). On April 11, 2014, Kunshan Xinyuan acquired a 100% equity interest in Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Junxin”). The Sanya Beida and Shanghai Junxin acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. In December 2014, the Group expanded its business into the Malaysia residential real estate market through acquisition of 100% equity interest in XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd (formerly named EMG Group Properties Sdn Bhd). 

On March 2 and May 15, 2015, Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Xinyuan”) acquired 82% and 18% equity interest, respectively, in Shandong Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Renju”). The Shandong Renju acquisition was accounted for as asset acquisition. Pursuant to the Share Transfer Agreement entered into by Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Xinyuan”) and Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. (“Ping’an”), an unrelated asset management company, on March 5, 2015, 20% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shengdao”) was transferred to Ping’an. Pursuant to the Share Transfer Agreement entered into by Zhengzhou Shengdao and Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. (“Wanxiang”), an unrelated asset management company, on March 23, 2015, 10% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Quansheng”) was transferred to Wanxiang.

On February 23, 2016, upon the amendment of article association, the Company obtained control over Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”), which was previously accounted under equity method investment (see Note 6) . Pursuant to the Share Transfer Agreement entered into by Zhengzhou Quansheng and Wanxiang on March 31, 2016, 10% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shunsheng”) was transferred to Wanxiang. On June 28, 2016, Henan Xinyuan, as 100% owner of Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd. (“Xinyuan Property Service”), transferred 6% of equity interests of Xinyuan Property Service to key management personnel.

As of June 30, 2016, subsidiaries of the Company and its consolidated variable interest entities included the following entities:

Company Name	Registered/Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd.	Cayman Islands October 6, 2011	US$	500,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited.	Hong Kong October 26, 2011	HK$	3,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
XIN Development Group International Inc.	United States November 10, 2011	US$	0		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. (“Xinyuan”)	Cayman Islands January 27, 2006	US$	50,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
South Glory International Ltd.	Hong Kong January 17, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Victory Good Development Ltd.	Hong Kong January 17, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.	Hong Kong November 19, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
XIN Irvine, LLC	United States July 12, 2012	US$	50,000		100	%	Real estate development
Vista Sierra, LLC	United States May 1, 2012	US$	0		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Development Management East, LLC	United States August 28, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Property management services
XIN NY Holding, LLC	United States August 29, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
421 Kent Development, LLC	United States August 29, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Real estate development

F-7 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd.	Hong Kong June 21, 2013	HK$	3,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd	Malaysia April 16, 2007	MYR	33,577,000		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd	Malaysia July 9, 2014	MYR	33,217,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan Internet Finance Co., Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
New Dawn International  Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
New Legend International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
NewPoint International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
NewGrace International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
China Online Finance Research Institute Limited	Hong Kong July 17, 2015	US$	1,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Genesis Ocean Investments Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Honest View Development Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Honour Triumph Enterprises Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Well Poly Holdings Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Zhengzhou Yasheng Construction Material Co., Ltd.	PRC October 22, 2013	US$	50,000,000		100	%	Sales of construction material
Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co., Ltd	PRC December 2, 2013	US$	60,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Yusheng Landscape Design Co., Ltd.	PRC December 25, 2013	US$	70,000,000		100	%	Landscaping engineering and management
Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. (“WFOE”)	PRC April 10, 2006	US$	307,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Xinyuan”)	PRC May 19, 1997	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC February 9, 2006	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC June 2, 2006	RMB	300,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd. (“Xinyuan Property Service”)	PRC December 28, 1998	RMB	50,000,000		94	%	Property management services
Zhengzhou Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd.	PRC February 17, 2004	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Landscaping engineering and management
Zhengzhou Xinyuan Computer Network Engineering Co., Ltd.	PRC May 26, 2004	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Installation of intercom systems
Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd.   (“Henan Wanzhuo”)	PRC December 29, 2011	RMB	20,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Xinyuan”)	PRC November 24, 2006	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC December 7, 2006	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development

F-8 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC January 31, 2008	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co., Ltd.	PRC June 12, 2007	RMB	220,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC November 09, 2009	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC November 15, 2009	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Wanzhong”)	PRC March 4, 2008	RMB	900,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Heju Management Consulting Service Co. Ltd.	PRC January 16, 2009	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd.	PRC January 16, 2009	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Jiantou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Jiantou Xinyuan”)	PRC June 13, 2005	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC March 8, 2012	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate consulting services
Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co., Ltd.	PRC August 10, 2012	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Leasing management services
Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Xinyuan”)	PRC September 20, 2012	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC March 28, 2005	RMB	150,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing XIN Media Co., Ltd.	PRC July 10, 2013	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Culture and Media services

F-9 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Xingyang Xinyuan”)	PRC July 25, 2013	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
APEC Construction Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd.	PRC August 1, 2013	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Beijing Xinxiang Huicheng Decoration Co., Ltd.	PRC October 18, 2013	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Property decoration services
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Jinan Wanzhuo”)	PRC December 4, 2013	RMB	300,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinrongji (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC December 25, 2013	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Junxin”)	PRC January 16, 2014	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	PRC January 10, 2014	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC February 21, 2014	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Hengsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC June 19, 2014	RMB	20,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Xindo Park E-commerce Co., Ltd.	PRC August 12, 2014	RMB	202,000,000		100	%	Electronic commerce
Beijing Economy Cooperation Ruifeng Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC September 15, 2014	RMB	20,000,000		90	%	Real estate development
Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC September 17, 2014	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xi’an Xinyuan Metropolitan Business Management Co., Ltd.	PRC November 25, 2014	RMB	3,000,000		100	%	Property management services
Beijing Xinleju Technology Development Co., Ltd.	PRC December 24, 2014	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Technical service
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Changsha Wanzhuo”)	PRC April 3, 2014	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC January 1, 2015	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Jinan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC December 4, 2015	RMB	3,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Henan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC March 23, 2015	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC July 27, 2015	RMB	40,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center  (Limited partnership)	PRC July 28, 2015	RMB	100,000		100	%	Property management services
Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd.	PRC May 5, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Shenzhen Xileju Technology Development Co., Ltd.	PRC June 4, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Intelligent information system development
Shenzhen Xilefu Internet Financial Service Co., Ltd.	PRC June 12, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Marketing Co., Ltd.	PRC July 30, 2015	RMB	1,000,000		100	%	Real estate marketing
Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Renju”)	PRC November 19, 2011	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”)*	PRC June 22, 1998	RMB	22,500,000		65.98	%	Real estate development
421 Kent Holding Co, Ltd	United States May 2, 2014	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Hudson 888 Owner LLC	United States October 22, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Manhattan Holding LLC	United States December 9, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Hudson 888 Holding LLC	United States December 9, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC January 20, 2016	RMB	500,000		100	%	Dormant
Shenzhen Keye Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC February 26, 2016	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Henan YueshenghangProperty Service Co., Ltd.	PRC April 15, 2016	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Property management services
VIEs:
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shengdao”)	PRC October 14, 2013	RMB	20,000,000		80	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Quansheng”)	PRC January 14, 2015	RMB	40,000,000		90	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Shunsheng”)	PRC January 13, 2016	RMB	30,000,000		90	%	Real estate development

*Acquired on February 23, 2016.

Equity holdings remained unchanged throughout the six months ended June 30, 2016 except for Jinan Wanzhuo, Shaanxi Zhongmao, Zhengzhou Shunsheng and Xinyuan Property Service. (see note 1 and 2(a)).

F-10 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation

The Group is principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In 2012, the Group expanded its business into the U.S. residential real estate market. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information using accounting policies that are consistent with those used in the preparation of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, operating results and cash flows of the Company for each of the periods presented. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the full year of 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and cease to be consolidated from the date on which control is transferred out of the Group. Where there is a loss of control of a subsidiary, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the results for the part of the reporting year during which the Group has control.

In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao as of June 30, 2016 and Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao as of December 31, 2015 are variable interest entities as they were not established with sufficient equity at risk to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was considered as the primary beneficiary of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, as it has the power to direct the activities of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao through its voting interest underlying the 95%, the 90% and the 80% equity interests, respectively, in accordance with PRC Company Law and the articles of association of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, respectively. Based on the above, Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao are consolidated by the Company. As of June 30, 2016, the Company is considered as the primary beneficiary of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, as it has the power to direct the activities of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao through its voting interest underlying the 90%, the 90% and the 80% equity interests, respectively, in accordance with PRC Company Law and the articles of association of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, respectively. Based on the above, Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao are consolidated by the Company. 

Jinan Wanzhuo, with registered capital of US$48.8 million (RMB300.0 million), was established by the Company on December 4, 2013, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Jinan, Shandong province. On June 24, 2014 (“transaction date”), an unrelated asset management company purchased 5% of the equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and lent US$111.7 million (RMB685.0 million) to Jinan Wanzhuo. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 11.24%. As of December 31, 2015, Jinan Wanzhuo had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 5% of non-controlling equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary of the transaction date or the first anniversary of the transaction date when the Company requested to repurchase the 5% equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo above. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. On June 21, 2016, the Company repurchased the 5% equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo from Ping’an and Jinan Wanzhuo ceased to be VIE.

F-11 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Zhengzhou Shengdao, with registered capital of US$3.3 million (RMB20.0 million), was established by the Company on October 14, 2013, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 5, 2015 (“transaction date”), an unrelated asset management company purchased 20% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and lent US$86.0 million (RMB526.0 million) to Zhengzhou Shengdao. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 10.984%. As of June 30, 2016, Zhengzhou Shengdao had two projects under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 20% of non-controlling equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier date of the second anniversary or 18 months of the transaction date when the Company requests to repurchase the 20% equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao above. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company planned to repurchase the 20% equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as current liability as of June 30, 2016.

Henan Quansheng, with registered capital of US$6.5 million (RMB40.0 million), was established by the Company on January 14, 2015, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 23, 2015 (“transaction date”), an unrelated trustee company purchased 10% of the equity interest in Henan Quansheng and lent US$38.1 million (RMB233.0 million) to Henan Quansheng. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 11%. As of June 30, 2016, Henan Quansheng had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 10% of non-controlling equity interest of Henan Quansheng will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier date of the second anniversary or the date stated on the purchase notice sent by the unrelated trustee company when certain conditions were met. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company planned to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Quansheng within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as current liability as of June 30, 2016.

Henan Shunsheng, with registered capital of US$4.5 million (RMB30.0 million), was established by the Company on January 13, 2016, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 31, 2016 (“transaction date”), an unrelated trustee company purchased 10% of the equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and lent US$43.3 million (RMB287.0 million) to Henan Shunsheng. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 9%. As of June 30, 2016, Henan Shunsheng had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 10% of non-controlling equity interest of Henan Shunsheng will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary date, or the date the Company elects to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Shunsheng. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company has no intention to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Shunsheng within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as non-current liability as of June 30, 2016.

F-12 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs are as follows:

	December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$ (Audited)		US$ (Unaudited)
Current assets		412,763,119		257,593,597
Non-current assets		7,469,208		11,218,510
Total assets		420,232,327		268,812,107
Current liabilities		262,759,976		220,164,997
Non-current liabilities		66,219,046		452,407
Total liabilities		328,979,022		220,617,404

The financial performance and cash flows of the VIEs are as follows:

	Six months ended June 30
	2015			2016
	US$ (Unaudited)			US$ (Unaudited)
Revenue		47,544,639			97,735,245
Cost of revenue		(41,274,288	)		(69,973,777	)
Net income		502,698			2,432,349
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities		(83,225,914	)		17,690,147
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,951,126	)		(4,627,334	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		98,722,047			20,839,240

As of June 30, 2016, the current assets of the VIEs included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group of US$ 18,973,048 (December 31, 2015: US$55,881,889), which was eliminated upon consolidation by the Company.

As of June 30, 2016, the land use rights included in real estate property under development of the VIEs of US$185,765,917 (December 31, 2015: US$289,057,933) were pledged as collateral for other debt. Creditors of the VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary.

The VIEs contributed 16.0% (Six-month period ended June 30, 2015: 10.8%) of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the six-month period ended June 30, 2016.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment and capital lease, allowance for doubtful debt associated with accounts receivable, other receivables, deposit for land use rights, other deposits and prepayments and advances to suppliers, fair values of the purchase price allocation with respect to business combinations, revenue recognition for percentage of completion method, accounting for the share-based compensation, classification of financial instruments, accounting for mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, accounting for deferred income taxes, impairment of real estate properties under development, real estate properties held for lease and long-term investments, and provision necessary for contingent liabilities. Management analyzed the forecasted cash flows for the twelve months from June 30, 2016, which indicates that the Group will have sufficient liquidity from cash flows generated by operations and existing credit facilities and therefore will be sufficient financial resources to settle borrowings and payables that will be due in the next twelve months. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates. 

(c) Foreign currency translation 

The Group’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company is U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the PRC. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia is Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), the currency of the Malaysia. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries other than those in the PRC and Malaysia is U.S. dollars. Transactions by the Company’s subsidiaries which are denominated in currencies other than RMB are remeasured into RMB at the exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) prevailing on the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than RMB are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as exchange gains. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The PRC subsidiaries’ financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

F-13 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

	June 30, 2015		December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1136		6.4936		6.6312
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1287		6.2272		6.5309

RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.

(d) Senior Secured Notes

On May 3, 2013, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due May 3, 2018 (the “May 2018 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013. Given that the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes. The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

On December 6, 2013, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due on June 6, 2019 (the "June 2019 Senior Secured Notes") at a coupon rate of 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014. Given that the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

 On February 13, 2015, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, the Company amended the May 2018 and June 2019 Indentures (collectively, known as the “Indentures”) to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include changes to: (i) incur additional Indebtedness (as defined in the Indentures) in furtherance of the Company's business plans; (ii) make certain Restricted Payments (as defined in the Indentures) and Permitted Investments (as defined in the Indentures); and (iii) make certain deemed Investments (as defined in the Indentures) without having to satisfy the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Indentures) requirement. The amendments also amend (i) the “Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries” covenant in the Indentures to the extent that the Company believes necessary as a result of the amendments to other covenants and (ii) the “Limitation on Asset Sales” covenant in the Indentures to remove the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement for Asset Dispositions (as defined in the Indentures). The amendments also amended certain related definitions in the Indentures. The Company accounted for the amendments, which did not result in a debt extinguishment pursuant to ASC 470-50, Debt – Modifications and Exchanges.

On February 3, 2016, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, the Company amended the Indentures to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include: (i) amending the provisions relating to future Subsidiary Guarantors, JV Subsidiary Guarantors and pledged subsidiary Capital Stock (each, as defined in the Indentures); (ii) amending the “Limitation on Indebtedness and Preferred Stock” covenant; (iii) amending the “Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates” covenant and the provisions relating to “Designation of Restricted Subsidiaries and Unrestricted Subsidiaries”; (iv) amending the definition of “Permitted Investment” and the “Limitation on Restricted Payments” covenant; and (v) removing the “Limitation on the Company’s Business Activities” covenant and amend the related definitions and provisions. The amendments also clarify certain other provisions in the Indentures.

F-14 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

(e) Change of accounting policy

On January 1, 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-03, “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” and, as a result, the Company reclassified deferred debt issuance costs for all periods presented such that costs are included as a discount to other long-term debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(f) Earnings per share

Earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. Common shares issuable upon the conversion of the convertible note, were included in diluted earnings per common share computation for the period during which they were outstanding using the if-converted method. Common share equivalents consists of common shares issuable upon the exercise of the share options and vesting of restricted shares units using treasury stock method. Common equivalents shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. The non-vested options granted with performance conditions are excluded in the computation of diluted EPS unless the options are dilutive and unless their conditions (a) have been satisfied at the reporting date or (b) would have been satisfied if the reporting date was the end of the contingency period.  

(g) Short-term investments

All highly liquid investments with original maturities of greater than three months, but less than 12 months, are classified as short-term investments. Investments that are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months are also included in short-term investments. The Company accounts for its investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with ASC 320-10 (“ASC 320-10”), Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Overall. The Company classifies the investments in debt and equity securities as “held-to-maturity”, “trading” or “available-for-sale”, whose classification determines the respective accounting methods stipulated by ASC 320-10. Dividend and interest income, including amortization of the premium and discount arising at acquisition, for all categories of investments in securities are included in earnings. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of the short-term investments are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected in earnings during the period in which such gains or losses are realized.

The securities that the Company has positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and stated at amortized cost. For individual securities classified as held-to-maturity securities, the Company evaluates whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary in accordance with the Company’s policy and ASC 320-10. When the Company intends to sell an impaired debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred. In these instances, the other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the entire excess of the debt security’s amortized cost basis over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. When the Company does not intend to sell an impaired debt security and it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company must determine whether or not it will recover its amortized cost basis. If the Company concludes that it will not, an other-than-temporary impairment exists and that portion of the credit loss is recognized in earnings, while the portion of loss related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

The securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities. Realized gains and losses, and unrealized holding gains and losses for trading securities are included in earnings.

Investments not classified as trading or as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains or losses are charged to earnings during the period in which the gain or loss is realized. An impairment loss on available-for-sale securities would be recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income when the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary.

F-15 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

(h) Fair value of financial instruments

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted deposit, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related party, other receivables, investment in joint venture and other long-term investment, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, and borrowings. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted deposit, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related party, other receivables, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, and short-term bank borrowings approximate their fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments. The Group is exposed to credit risk for financial assets and its maximum amount of loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty is the recorded amount. The Group generally does not require collateral for its financial assets or liabilities, except as disclosed in Note 7, Note 8 and Note 9. Trading securities were initially recognized at cost and subsequently remeasured at the end of each reporting period with the adjustment in its fair value recognized in profit and loss. Available-for-sale securities were initially recognized at cost and subsequently remeasured at the end of each reporting period with the adjustment in its fair value recognized in accumulated comprehensive income.

Investment in joint ventures and other long-term investments have no quoted market prices and it is not practicable to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive costs. The Group reviews the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may no longer be recoverable.

The carrying amounts of the long-term borrowings approximate their fair values because the stated interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable credit risk and maturities.

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets

Level 2-Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place

Level 3-Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity

The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values except for the short-term investments.

ASC 820 describes three main approaches for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

In accordance with ASC 820, the investment in equity securities, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and money market instrument classified as trading security is within Level 1 as the Company measures the fair value using quoted trading prices that are published on a regular basis.

F-16 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

(i) Asset acquisition and business combinations

Pursuant to ASC 805 (“ASC 805”), Business Combinations, the Company determines whether a transaction or other event is a business combination by applying the definition below, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. If the assets acquired are not a business, the reporting entity shall account for the transaction or other event as an asset acquisition. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs. Although businesses usually have outputs, outputs are not required for an integrated set to qualify as a business. The three elements of a business are defined as follows:

a. Input. Any economic resource that creates, or has the ability to create, outputs when one or more processes are applied to it.

b. Process. Any system, standard, protocol, convention, or rule that when applied to an input or inputs, creates or has the ability to create outputs.

c. Output. The result of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that provide or have the ability to provide a return in the form of dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors or other owners, members, or participants.

The Company accounted for its acquisitions of Shandong Renju on March 2, 2015 as asset acquisitions since the acquired entities had no processes in place to apply to inputs to have the ability to create outputs.

(j) Effect of change in estimate

Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to percentage of completion revenues are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, real estate development projects (Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid I, Chengdu Thriving Family, Suzhou Lake Royal Palace, Kunshan Royal Palace, Zhengzhou Xin City, Beijing Xindo Park, Xi’an Metropolitan, Henan Xin Central I , Zhengzhou Fancy City I, Tianjin Spring Royal Palace), which recognized gross profits in 2015, had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As of June 30, 2016, each of these projects has a percentage of completion at 31.3% or more. As the unit sales and selling prices were on an upward trend during the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Group revised upwards its prior estimates related to selling prices and total estimated sales values in conjunction with the change in total estimated costs, which led to a decrease of the percentage sold and thus a decrease in the recognized costs. As a result of the changes in estimate above, gross profit, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share increased by US$18.7 million, US$14.0 million, US$0.10 per share, and US$0.10 per share, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016. 

(k) Long-term investments

The Company’s long-term investments consist of cost method investments. In accordance with ASC subtopic 325-20 (“ASC 325-20”), Investments- Other: Cost Method Investments, for investments in an investee over which the Company does not have significant influence and which do not have readily determinable fair value, the Company carries the investment at cost and only adjusts for other-than-temporary declines in fair value and distributions of earnings that exceed the Company’s share of earnings since its investment. Management regularly evaluates the impairment of the cost method investments based on performance and financial position of the investee as well as other evidence of market value. Such evaluation includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the investee’s cash position, recent financing, projected and historical financial performance, cash flow forecasts and financing needs. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the excess of the investment’s cost over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of investment. Cost method accounting is also applied to investments that are not considered as “in-substance” common stock investments, and do not have readily determinable fair values.

F-17 

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data) 

(l) Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

In August 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the effective date (“ASU 2015-14”). The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers issued in May 2014. According to the amendments in ASU 2015-14, the new revenue guidance ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Group is currently evaluating the method of adoption to be utilized and it cannot currently estimate the financial statement impact of adoption.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes-Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). The amendments in this update simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in ASU 2015-17 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of the guidance is not expected to have significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”) which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customers. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, with the option to adopt it in the first quarter of 2017. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”) to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, an option to recognize gross share-based compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2017, and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 3. Short-term investments

The short-term investments represent investments in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) publicly traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, reverse repurchase of treasury bond, money market instruments and equity securities publicly traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, which are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months.

F-18

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data) 

The Company accounts for the short-term investments in accordance with ASC subtopic 320-10 (“ASC 320-10”), Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Overall. The Company classified the REITs, investment in equity securities and money market instruments as trading securities which are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. The Company uses quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (consistent with the Level 1 definition in the fair value hierarchy) to measure the fair value of its investments on a recurring basis pursuant to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement.

The realized gains, and unrealized holding gains presented in the accompanying statements of comprehensive income are related to trading securities held as of June 30, 2016.

The following summarizes the short-term investments measured at fair value at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016:

	December 31, 2015
	US$ (Audited)
	Aggregate fair value		Cost		Unrealized gain in profit and loss
Trading securities:
REITs		1,167,647		1,124,293		43,354
Money market instrument		76,999		70,910		6,089
Total		1,244,646		1,195,203		49,443

	June 30, 2016
	US$ (Unaudited)
	Aggregate fair value		Cost		Unrealized gain in profit and loss
Short-term investments		16,535,390		16,527,928		7,462
Trading securities:
Equity securities		5,291,933		5,262,675		29,258
REITs		10,570,904		9,840,669		730,235
Total		32,398,227		31,631,272		766,955

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, US$915,903 (June 30, 2015: US$617,576) net realized gain and US$766,955 (June 30, 2015: US$19,156) unrealized gain for trading securities are included in earnings. No other-than-temporary-impairment was recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.  

F-19

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

4. Real estate properties under development

The following summarizes the components of real estate property under development at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016:

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
Under development:
Current:
Jinan Xinyuan Splendid		40,847,827			-
Xuzhou Colorful City		54,157,809			35,692,007
Zhengzhou Xin City		46,165,101			13,201,317
Beijing Xindo Park		176,553,742			75,275,292
Kunshan Royal Palace		215,917,469			106,269,767
Suzhou Lake Royal Palace		267,569,547			160,683,079
Xingyang Splendid I		32,010,140			20,520,326
Xingyang Splendid II		43,311,674			49,770,958
Xingyang Splendid III		23,896,026			25,552,920
Xingyang Splendid IV		6,762,190			7,186,781
Zhengzhou Thriving Family		29,098,191			9,264,361
Zhengzhou Xindo Park		73,294,372			65,353,548
Jinan Royal Palace		261,268,961			224,396,572
Sanya Yazhou Bay No.1		109,896,103			113,749,483
Shanghai Royal Palace		215,117,468			178,883,202
Changsha Xinyuan Splendid		194,444,916			186,196,892
Chengdu Thriving Family		258,173,028			254,337,919
Jinan Xin Central		163,174,394			103,148,161
Zhengzhou Fancy City I		71,896,698			53,112,844
Tianjin Spring Royal Palace		65,583,961			71,453,892
Henan Xin Central II		39,117,259			41,110,480
Henan Xin Central I		127,696,203			89,942,514
Xi'an Xindo Park		-			236,612,282
Kunshan Xindo Park		-			85,803,213
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(South)		-			40,623,552
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(North)		-			37,975,124
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd (“Malaysia project”)		8,165,745			10,774,342
New York Oosten		226,208,448			258,591,803
Hudson Garden project		-			61,399,802
		2,750,327,272			2,616,882,433
Profit recognized		347,083,874			181,806,263
Less: progress billings		(1,210,089,345	)		(716,009,141	)
Total real estate property under development		1,887,321,801			2,082,679,555

As of June 30, 2016, land use rights included in the real estate properties under development totaled US$1,291,977,264 (December 31, 2015: US$1,130,109,973).

As of June 30, 2016, land use rights with an aggregate net book value of US$681,681,307 (December 31, 2015: US$1,018,987,851) were pledged as collateral for certain bank loans and other debts. As of June 30, 2016, real estate properties under development with an aggregate net book value of US$336,169,943 (December 31, 2015: 172,623,335) were pledged as collateral for certain bank loans.

F-20

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

5. Other long-term investment

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the other long-term investment accounted for at cost consisted of the following:

Cost method investee	Initial Cost		Ownership			December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$					US$		US$
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.		30,865,904		80	%		30,865,904		30,865,904
Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd.		241,648		1.85	%		241,648		241,648

On May 6, 2015, the Company acquired 80% equity interest of Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Ruihao Rongtong”) at a consideration of US$30,865,904. In accordance with ASC 325-20, Cost Method Investments, cost method accounting was applied as the investment did not qualify as in-substance common stock and did not have readily determinable fair value.

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the Group recognized no investment profit or loss. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, management noted no indicators of impairment related to these investments.

6. Acquisition of subsidiaries

Acquisition of Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd.

On February 23, 2016, the Group acquired an additional 14.98% equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”) for a consideration of US$516,086 and the article of association of Shaanxi Zhongmao was amended to require simple majority of voting interests for approval of significant financial and operating decisions. Upon completion of this acquisition, the Group obtained control over Shaanxi Zhongmao through its 65.98% voting interests of Shaanxi Zhongmao.

The purchase was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the impact related to this transaction is included in the Group’s financial statements only since the effective date of acquisition. The purchased assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. A gain is recorded equal to the amount by which the fair value of net identifiable assets exceeded the consideration paid. As such, the Group recognized a bargain purchase gain of US$2,004,507 in relation to acquisition. The seller was willing to accept a lower price due to cash need in a very short timeframe at the time of negotiation, the terms negotiated included a purchase price is lower than Shaanxi Zhongmao’s equity value as a result.

This gain is shown as a component of other income on the Group’s condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

The results of Shaanxi Zhongmao have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements since February 23, 2016.

F-21

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

An analysis of the cash flows in respect of the acquisition of Shaanxi Zhongmao is as follows:

	US$
Cash consideration paid		-
Cash and cash equivalents acquired		15,055,431
Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431

The purchase price allocation for the acquisition is primarily based on a valuation determined by the Group with the assistance of an independent third party valuation firm. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition on February 23, 2016.

	US$
Purchase consideration		516,086
Fair value of non-controlling interest		5,724,339
Fair value of previously held equity interests (i)		8,581,461
Bargain purchase gain recognized in other income		2,004,507
		16,826,393
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431
Restricted cash		16,560,251
Real estate properties under development		180,647,050
Property and equipment, net		329,582
Current assets		54,780,760
Current liabilities		(250,546,681	)
Net assets acquired		16,826,393

(i) A measurement gain of US$2,100,563 was recognized and recorded in other income in relation to the revaluation of the Group’s previously held equity interest of Shannxi Zhongmao in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for period ended June 30, 2016. As Shannxi Zhongmao is a private company, the fair value of the Group’s previously held equity interest is estimated based on asset-based approach using significant unobservable inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include estimated revenue and estimated cost for the construction project.

This acquisition was consistent with the Group’s strategy to develop residential real estate markets in high growth tier 2 cities in China.

The actual results of operation after the acquisition date and pro forma results of operations for the acquisition have not been presented because the effects were not material.

F-22

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

7. Short-term bank loans and other debt

Short-term bank loans represent amounts due to various banks and are due on the dates indicated below. Short-term bank loans at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 consisted of the following: 

	December 31,		June 30,
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Loan from China Guangfa Bank
Due January 21, 2017, at 5.0025% per annum		-		12,064,182
		-		12,064,182
Loan from Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd.
Due July 7, 2016, at 11.00% per annum(2)		-		7,540,113
Due July 24, 2016, at 9.50% per annum(3)		-		4,524,068
		-		12,064,181
Loan from The Bank of East Asia
Due June 2, 2016, at 2.00% plus 3 month LIBOR(8)		9,675,655		-
Due August 16, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		20,000,000		20,000,000
Due August 31, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		9,700,000		9,700,000
Due September 20, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		2,220,000		2,220,000
Due October 27, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		13,250,000		13,250,000
Due November 18, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		14,958,974		14,958,974
Due November 23, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		34,421,617		34,421,617
		104,226,246		94,550,591
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch
Due July 21, 2016, at 1.2% per annum(5)		30,000,000		30,000,000
Due September 26, 2016, at 1.55% per annum(5)		13,000,000		13,000,000
Due October 11, 2016, at 1.55% per annum(5)		20,000,000		20,000,000
		63,000,000		63,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited ("ICBC (Asia)")
Due May 18, 2016, at 2% plus 3 month LIBOR(1)		10,000,000		-
Due October 5, 2016, at 1.6% plus 3 month LIBOR(6)		20,000,000		20,000,000
		30,000,000		20,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Thai) Public Company Limited ("ICBC (Thai)")
Due September 21, 2016, at 1.7% plus 3 month LIBOR(7)		25,000,000		25,000,000
		25,000,000		25,000,000
Total short-term bank loans and other debt		222,226,246		226,678,954

F-23

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 1, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group’s accounts receivable with net book value of US$9,425,142.

(3) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 10, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group’s accounts receivable with net book value of US$5,655,085.

(4) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these six loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$20.0 million, US$9.7 million, US$2.2 million, US$13.3 million, US$15.0 million and US$34.4 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$20,509,108 (December 31, 2015: US$20,943,698), US$9,955,966 (December 31, 2015: US$10,166,934), US$2,337,435 (December 31, 2015: US$2,386,966), US$13,466,643 (December 31, 2015: US$13,752,002), US$15,231,029 (December 31, 2015: US$15,553,766) and US$35,133,912 (December 31, 2015: US$35,878,403) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(5) Pursuant to the loan contract with Bank of China Tokyo Branch, these three loans from Bank of China Tokyo Branch amounting to US$30.0 million, US$13.0 million and US$20.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposit of US$30,009,651 (December 31, 2015: US$30,645,559), US$13,421,402 (December 31, 2015: US$13,705,803) and US$20,659,911 (December 31, 2015: US$21,097,696) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(6) Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Asia), this loan from ICBC (Asia) amounting to US$20.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$20,810,713 (December 31, 2015: US$21,251,694). Such deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(7) Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Thai), this loan from ICBC (Thai) amounting to US$25.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$25,862,589 (December 31, 2015: US$26,410,620). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(8) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, the loan from The Bank of East Asia amounting to US$9.7 million, the maturity was extended from June 2, 2016 to June 1, 2018. Accordingly, this loan is classified as Long-term bank loans on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

As of June 30, 2016, except when otherwise indicated, the Group’s short-term bank loans were denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$23,662,794 (December 31, 2015: US$ nil), accounts receivable with net book value of US$15,080,227 (December 31, 2015: nil).

 The weighted average interest rate on short-term bank loans and other debt as of June 30, 2016 was 2.42% (December 31, 2015: 1.71%).

F-24

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

8.  Long-term bank loans

Long-term bank loans as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
Loan from ICBC
Due July 20, 2016 at 5.25% per annum (1)		10,779,845			-
		10,779,845			-
Loan from Agricultural Bank of China
Due May 18, 2016, at 5.78% per annum(1)		6,159,911			-
		6,159,911			-
Loan from China Guangfa Bank
Due May 29, 2016, at 8.00% per annum(1)		3,233,953			-
Due December 23, 2017, at 8.4% per annum(1)		6,159,911			-
Due February 17, 2018, at 5.7% per annum(2)		30,799,556			27,144,408
		40,193,420			27,144,408
Loan from China Construction Bank
Due January 23, 2017, at 5.70% per annum(2)		76,998,891			67,861,021
		76,998,891			67,861,021
Loan from Bank of Shanghai
Due April 30, 2017, at 9.10% per annum(1)		35,419,490			-
		35,419,490			-
Loan from Ping An Bank
Due March 20, 2018, at 9.25% per annum(1)		43,119,380			-
		43,119,380			-
Loan from Bo Hai Bank
Due March 14, 2019, at 5.415% per annum(2)		-			45,240,680
		-			45,240,680
Loan from The Bank of East Asia
Due April 27, 2018, at 6.18% per annum(1)		47,428,237			-
Due June 1, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			9,675,655
Due April 26, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			13,250,000
Due June 5, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			10,000,000
		47,428,237			32,925,655
Total		260,099,174			173,171,764
Less: current portion of long-term bank loans		(246,239,374	)		(122,149,837	)
Total long-term bank loans		13,859,800			51,021,927

F-25

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the loan contracts, if the Group achieves an agreed upon sales target from the sales of the underlying real estate properties under development, the Group has an obligation to repay the loan before the maturity date. Therefore, the respective current portions of these loans have been classified as current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(3) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these three loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$9.7 million, US$13.3 million and US$10.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$10,254,554, US$13,775,787, and US$10,556,159 respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

As of June 30, 2016, except when otherwise indicated, the Group’s long term bank loans were denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$48,019,199 (December 31, 2015: US$93,755,346), land use rights with net book value of US$163,967,571 (December 31, 2015: US$424,058,251).

The interest rates of these bank loans denominated in RMB are adjustable based on the range of 114% to 120% of the PBOC prime rate. The weighted average interest rate on long-term bank loans as of June 30, 2016 was 4.91% (December 31, 2015: 7.23%).

F-26

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

9. Other long-term debt

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, other long-term debt consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25%		186,703,168			179,553,073
June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13%		195,662,295			186,556,097
Corporate bonds due on December 28, 2020 at 7.5%		152,962,917			149,945,322
Corporate bonds due on January 27, 2021 at 7.47%		-			105,193,734
Corporate bonds due on March 14, 2021 at 7.09%		-			75,129,632
Collateralized loan due on April 3, 2016 at 11% (1)		38,453,246			-
Collateralized loan due on December 23, 2017 at 9%		61,221,818			44,871,215
Collateralized loan due on July 9, 2017 at 9%		54,484,415			38,946,194
Collateralized loan due on December 31, 2016 at 12.5% (1)		69,129,605			-
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 12.5% (1)		3,079,956			-
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2017 at 10%		38,499,446			30,160,454
Collateralized loan due on November 20, 2016 at 12.5% (1)		46,199,335			-
Collateralized loan due on January 7, 2017 at 8.50%		-			7,992,520
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 11.8% (1)		17,709,745			-
Collateralized loan due on July 15, 2017 at 11.8%		14,583,590			14,280,975
Collateralized loan due on June 25, 2017 at 12% (2)		69,299,002			52,780,794
Collateralized loan due on September 17, 2017 at 9%		10,779,844			10,556,159
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2018 at 11.00%		-			22,620,340
Collateralized loan due on April 25, 2018 at 8.05%		-			61,527,325
Collateralized loan due on May 10, 2018 at 9.40%		-			45,240,680
Collateralized loan due on May 30, 2018 at 9.00%(3)		-			75,401,134
Collateralized loan due on June 19, 2018 at 9.50%		-			75,401,134
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018, at 10.50% (4)		-			29,104,838
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018, at 8.50%(4)		-			52,780,794
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 30, 2018, at 9.00% (5)		-			23,072,747
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on June 30, 2016 at 11.24% (6)		28,489,590			-
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 13, 2017 at 10.98%(7)		81,002,834			79,321,993
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on May 13, 2017 at 11%(8)		35,881,483			22,620,340
Fortress Credit Co. LLC loan due on June 9, 2017 at 7.25% plus LIBOR(9)		91,956,236			110,193,778
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on January 23, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on April 30, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on June 25, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 4, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 20, 2020 at 5.95%(10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on October 1, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on November 23, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on March 15, 2021 at 5.95% (10)		-			9,500,000
Ozarks loan due on July 13, 2017 at 4.5% plus 1 month LIBOR(11)		-			26,290,991
Total principal of other long-term debt		1,246,098,525			1,579,042,263
Total		1,246,098,525			1,579,042,263
Less: current portion of other long-term debt		(348,594,822	)		(686,944,241	)
Total other long-term debt		897,503,703			892,098,022

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 100% equity interest of Shandong Renju.

(3) Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 100% equity interest of Changsha Wanzhuo.

(4)  Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 55% equity interest of Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.

(5) Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on March 31, 2016, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Shunsheng, this other debt is secured by the Group’s 90% equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$71,343,962 (December 31, 2015: US$nil). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(6) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on June 24, 2014, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Jinan Wanzhuo, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 95% equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and the Group’s land use rights. This other long-term debt was paid in full in June 2016.

(7) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on March 10, 2015, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Zhengzhou Shengdao, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 80% equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$ 92,091,611(December 31, 2015: US$136,098,821).

(8) Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on May 9, 2015, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Quansheng, this other debt is secured by the Group’s 90% equity interest in Henan Quansheng and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$22,330,344 (December 31, 2015: US$41,295,897) and Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$1,081,221(December 31, 2015: US$7,345,027). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(9) Pursuant to the agreements with Fortress Credit Co. LLC entered into on June 9, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$165 million in total with US$110.2 million utilized, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$ 30,211,282(December 31, 2015: US$29,918,940). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(10) Pursuant to the agreements with Kent EB-5 LLC entered into on September 23, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$60 million in total with US$59.5 million utilized, is denominated in US$ with mature dates vary from January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2021.  

(11) Pursuant to the Ozarks Term loan, Hudson 888 Owner LLC has agreed to provide security in the form of mortgages and assignment of leases and rents. In addition, XIN Development Group International Inc., agreed to, jointly and severally, provide a number of guarantees, including carve out guaranty, completion guaranty, repayment guaranty and carry guaranty to Ozarks and its successors in relation to the mortgaged property, liabilities of and/or payments to Ozarks.

As of June 30, 2016, except when otherwise indicated, the Group’s other long-term debt were denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$336,169,943 (December 31, 2015: US$128,389,745), land use rights with net book value of US$578,973,273 (December 31, 2015: US$731,783,438) and real estate properties held for lease with net book value of US$38,793,188 (December 31, 2015: US$36,550,198).

F-27

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes

On May 3, 2013, the Company issued senior notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due May 3, 2018 at a coupon rate of 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013.

The effective interest rate of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is 14.44%.

The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated May 3, 2013, between, the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “May 2018 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the May 2018 Indenture and the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the May 2018 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the May 2018 Indenture and the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. and Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., and the obligations of Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. as a Subsidiary Guarantor are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd. and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.

The Company may redeem the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at 106.6250% and 103.3125% of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date during the 12 month period commencing on May 3, 2016 and May 3, 2017, respectively.

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on May 3, 2016, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through May 3, 2016 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company’s common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113.25% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding after each such redemption.

The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes.

The May 2018 Indenture, as amended, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s common shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) of 2.75 to 1.0 (reduced from 3.0 to 1.0 effective February 2016). For a further discussion of the amendments to the May 2018 Indenture, see Note2(d) above.

F-28

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes

On December 6, 2013, the Company issued senior notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due June 6, 2019 at a coupon rate of 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014.

The effective interest rate of June 2019 Senior Secured Notes is 14.05%.

The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated December 6, 2013, between the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “June 2019 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the June 2019 Indenture and the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the June 2019 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the June 2019 Indenture and the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. and Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., and the obligations of Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. as a Subsidiary Guarantor are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd. and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.

The Company may redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at 106.5% and 103.25% of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date during the 12 month period commencing on June 6, 2017 and June 6, 2018, respectively.

At any time prior to June 6, 2017, the Company may at its option redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on June 6, 2017, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through June 6, 2017 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date. 

At any time prior to June 6 2017 the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company’s common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113% the principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes issued on December 6, 2013 remain outstanding after each such redemption.

The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2019 Secured Senior Notes.

The June 2019 Indenture, as amended, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s Common Shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) of 2.75 to 1.0 (reduced from 3.0 to 1.0 effective February 2016). For a further discussion of the amendments to the June 2019 Indenture, see Note2(d) above.

F-29

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Onshore corporate Bonds

On December 28, 2015, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the first tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of RMB1 billion (US$154 million) due on December 28, 2020 (the "First Tranche Bonds") at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on December 28 of each year, commencing December 28, 2015.

On January 27, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the second tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$107 million due on January 27, 2021 (the “Second Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.47% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on January 27 of each year, commencing January 27, 2016.

On March 14, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the third tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$77 million due on March 14, 2021 (the “Third Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.09% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on March 14 of each year, commencing March 14, 2016.

Given that above three tranches of onshore corporate bonds is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from these three tranches of onshore corporate bonds under the requirements of ASC 815 "Derivatives and Hedging". These three tranches of onshore corporate bonds were issued at par. Upon the third anniversary of the issuance of each tranche of bonds, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate Ltd may increase the applicable coupon rate and the holders have the right within a specified time period to require the Company to repurchase the bonds following the Company’s announcement of whether it intends to increase the interest rate.

10. Income taxes

(a) Effective tax rate

Our effective income tax rate (“ETR”) was 43.8% in the first six months of 2016 compared to 53.8% in the first six months of 2015. The ETR was different from the statutory tax rate of 25% due to the effects of the land appreciation tax (“LAT”), the corporate income tax (“CIT”) benefit of LAT, outside basis differences and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The change in the effective income tax rate is primarily due to a LAT rebate of approximately US$9.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 related to a completed project that was liquidated and settled with the local tax bureaus on favorable terms and a CIT true up reversal of approximately US$1.9 million was recognized due to the decrease of non-deductible expenses, while a non-recurring reversal of LAT liabilities of approximately US$4.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015 related to a completed project that was liquidated and settled with the local tax bureaus on favorable terms and a CIT true up reversal of approximately US$4.6 million was recognized due to the decrease of non-deductible expenses.

(b) Liability for unrecognized tax benefit

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Group’s unrecognized tax benefits:

	US$
Balance as of December 31, 2015		17,842,283
Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation		239,190
Balance as of June 30, 2016		18,081,473

The current year movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of US$239,190 was caused by the US$-RMB exchange rate, and therefore was recorded as other comprehensive income arising from foreign currency translation.

F-30

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

11. Related party and employee transactions

(a) Amounts due from related party

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd.		45,072,727		-
Beijing Starry Sky Cinema Co., Ltd		2,741,161		3,711,419
Beijing Aijieli Technology Development Co., Ltd.		-		1,478,719
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.		10,816,284		40,400,610
		58,630,172		45,590,748

As of December 31, 2015, this balance represents a receivable due from Shaanxi Zhongmao related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. The balance due from Ruihao Rongtong and Beijing Starry Sky Cinema are related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year. Since the Company purchased additional 14.98% of the equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao on February 23, 2016 (Acquisition Date), the Company held a cumulative 65.98% of the equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao as of June 30, 2016, Shaanxi Zhongmao is now a consolidated subsidiary.

As of June 30, 2016, the balance due from Beijing Starry Sky Cinema, Beijing Aijieli and Ruihao Rongtong are related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. These balance are unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year.

(b) Amounts due from employees

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Advances to employees		350,919		1,871,777

The balance represents cash advances to employees for traveling expenses and other expenses. These balances are unsecured, bear no interest and have no fixed payment terms.

(c) Amounts due to related party

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Zhengzhou Xinnan Real estate Co., Ltd.		-		15,080,227

As of June 30, 2016, the balance due to Zhengzhou Xinnan Real estate Co., Ltd. ("Xinnan”) are related to borrowings from Xinnan for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year.

(d) Others

On April 25, 2016, Henan Xinyuan, as 100% owner of Xinyuan Property Service, transferred 6% of Xinyuan Property Service’s share to key managements at a consideration of US$506,696. As of June 30, 2016, US$422,246 was not settled by key managements.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the terms of share-based compensation was modified to accelerate service vesting in connection with the termination of a key executive and the Company recognized a compensation of US$1,564,662 based on the fair value of the award on the modification date.

All other related party transactions have been disclosed in Notes 1, 2a) and 9.

12. Equity

As at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the Company’s authorized share capital was 500 million common shares, par value US$0.0001 per share.

On August 11, 2007, the Company granted share options to purchase up to 6,125,374 common shares to its directors and employees, at exercise prices ranging from US$0.0001 to US$2.50 per share. These options have a weighted average grant date fair value of US$2.67 per option, and a total expected compensation cost, net of expected forfeitures, of US$15,564,801. These options have vesting periods based on length of service ranging from 10 to 60 months and will expire no later than August 10, 2017. These options are performance-based and did not begin vesting until the Company’s IPO was in effect. However, upon the effectiveness of the IPO, these awards had an immediate vesting of all shares that would have vested between the grant date and the effectiveness of the IPO.

In November 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) which provides for the grant of options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to purchase its common shares. The maximum aggregate number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards, including options, is 10 million common shares, subject to adjustment to account for changes in the capitalization of the Company.

In June 2015, the Company approved the 2015 Stock Option Plan to provide grant of options to purchase shares of company stock with maximum aggregate number of 20 million common shares, subject to adjustment to account for changes in the capitalization of the Company.

F-31

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

On May 23, 2014, the Board of Directors approved the 2014 RSU Plan, which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The 2014 RSU Plan provides for discretionary grants of restricted stock units, or RSUs, to or for the benefit of participating employees. The maximum number of common shares that may be delivered to 2014 RSU Plan participants in connection with RSUs granted under the 2014 RSU Plan is 10,000,000, subject to adjustment if the Company's outstanding common shares are increased, decreased, changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or securities of the Company through a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction.

On May 23, 2014, the Company established a trust that is governed by a third party trustee and deposited US$7,042,725 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 4,234,884 common shares in the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The shares held by the third party trustee are legally outstanding as of June 30, 2016.

On April 10, 2015, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited $3,259,998 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 2,076,964 common shares from the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The shares held by the third party trustee are legally outstanding as of June 30, 2016.

On April 1, 2016, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited $4,003,999 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 1,614,220 common shares from the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The shares held by the third party trustee are legally outstanding as of June 30, 2016.

 (i) During the year ended December 31, 2015, 40,000 options were exercised at US$1.21 per share under the 2007 Plan.

(ii) During the year ended December 31, 2015, 2,179,902 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$3,349,172.

(iii) During the year ended December 31, 2015, 2,076,964 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$3,259,998 under the 2014 RSU Plan, which were granted to employees and directors.

(iv) During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company distributed quarterly dividends of US$0.025 per common share to common shareholders amounting to a total of US$14,751,704.

(v) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 530,600 options were exercised at US$1.21 per share under the 2007 Plan.

(vi) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 40,876 options were exercised at US$2.11 per share under the 2007 Plan.

 (vii) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 424,532 options were exercised at US$1.71 per share under the 2015 Plan.

(viii) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 10,042,496 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$21,216,816.

(ix) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 1,614,220 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$4,003,999 under the 2014 RSU Plan, which were granted to employees and directors.

(x) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company distributed quarterly dividends of US$0.025 per common share to common shareholders amounting to a total of US$7,015,794.

F-32

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

13. Earnings per share

Basic and diluted net earnings per share for each period presented are calculated as follows:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Numerator:
Net income		24,672,899		32,644,969
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders – basic		24,672,899		32,644,969
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders – diluted		24,672,899		32,644,969
Denominator:
Number of shares outstanding, basic		147,035,708		134,617,909
Stock options		202,442		859,813
Weighted average number of RSU Stocks		-		3,507,210
Number of shares outstanding-diluted		147,238,150		138,984,932
Basic earnings per share		0.17		0.24
Diluted earnings per share		0.17		0.23

During the period ended June 30, 2016, 2,492,520 (June 30, 2015: 3,825,428) stock options were excluded from the calculation of earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

14. Segment reporting

The Group’s long-lived assets and revenue are mainly located in and derived from the PRC. Starting in 2012, a small portion of the Group’s long-lived assets and revenue are located in and derived from the United States. The Group considers that each of its individual property developments is a discrete operating segment. The Group has aggregated its segments in the PRC on a provincial basis as property development projects undertaken within a province have similar expected economic characteristics, type of properties offered, customers and market and regulatory environment. The Group’s reportable operating segments are comprised of Henan Province, Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Sichuan Province, Anhui Province and Beijing, in the PRC; and the United States.

Each geographic operating segment is principally engaged in the construction and development of residential real estate units. The “other” category relates to investment holdings, property management services, installation of intercom systems, landscaping, engineering and management, real estate sale, purchase and lease activities. The accounting policies of the various segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

The Group’s chief operating decision maker relies upon net sales, gross profit and net income when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. Net sales for geographic segments are generally based on the location of the project development. Net income for each segment includes net sales to third parties, related cost of sales and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment.

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016.

F-33

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Summary information by operating segment is as follows:

June 30, 2015	Henan			Shandong			Jiangsu			Sichuan			Beijing			Hainan			Hunan			Shanghai			Tianjin			United  States			Others			Consolidated
	US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$						US$			US$			US$
Total revenue		83,113,266			78,101,128			115,802,906			15,535,284			89,953,394			5,671,045			13,023,364			27,724,031			1,354			1,530,000			11,327,933			441,783,705
Total cost of revenue		(56,018,083	)		(64,723,711	)		(89,946,525	)		(13,983,733	)		(58,326,674	)		(3,506,459	)		(11,554,758	)		(24,720,534	)		-			(1,243,112	)		(8,835,361	)		(332,858,950	)
Gross profit		27,095,183			13,377,417			25,856,381			1,551,551			31,626,720			2,164,586			1,468,606			3,003,497			1,354			286,888			2,492,572			108,924,755
Operating income (loss)		10,010,016			8,595,252			19,942,825			(150,980	)		17,884,321			(1,301,112	)		(83,874	)		1,483,101			(3,979,779	)		(2,268,540	)		(4,647,250	)		45,483,980
Total assets		1,018,085,122			506,748,344			653,384,890			210,874,155			435,069,337			127,333,437			87,647,900			152,236,524			15,665,061			90,468,027			230,709,035			3,528,221,832

June 30, 2016	Henan			Shandong			Jiangsu			Sichuan			Beijing			Hainan			Hunan			Shanghai			Tianjin			Shaanxi			United  States			Others			Consolidated
	US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$						US$			US$			US$			US$
Total revenue		119,553,302			70,374,878			202,685,834			29,813,930			(1,386,005	)		3,226,183			47,149,283			52,878,300			29,313,476			34,631,218			10,637,670			13,128,767			612,006,836
Total cost of revenue		(83,659,454	)		(58,616,170	)		(165,396,280	)		(18,113,763	)		(11,700,115	)		(2,124,254	)		(33,555,074	)		(46,647,351	)		(19,632,495	)		(27,805,359	)		(8,478,447	)		(10,078,647	)		(485,807,409	)
Gross profit		35,893,848			11,758,708			37,289,554			11,700,167			(13,086,120	)		1,101,929			13,594,209			6,230,949			9,680,981			6,825,859			2,159,223			3,050,120			126,199,427
Operating income (loss)		14,561,118			8,752,351			32,361,083			10,147,129			(26,215,331	)		(678,037	)		11,154,848			5,052,355			2,801,291			5,164,716			515,640			(9,224,349	)		53,672,814
Total assets		1,280,769,729			341,341,744			579,948,282			228,230,266			363,653,591			105,150,545			157,933,901			104,433,782			27,670,527			157,696,610			214,905,849			202,621,534			3,764,356,360

15. Commitments and contingencies

Commitments

Operating lease commitments

The Group leases certain of its office properties under non-cancellable operating lease arrangements. The terms of the leases do not contain rent escalation, or contingent rent, renewal, or purchase options. There are no restrictions placed upon the Group by entering into these leases.

As of June 30, 2016, the Group had the following operating lease obligations falling due:

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		5,587,901
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		4,583,295
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		2,978,560
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		547,412
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		417,345
Total		14,114,513

F-34

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Capital lease commitments

The Group leases a corporate aircraft under a non-cancellable capital lease arrangement. The terms of the lease do not contain contingent rent clauses.

As of June 30, 2016, the Group had the following minimum lease payments (excluding the portion of the payments representing executory costs, including any profit thereon) falling due:

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		5,129,226
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		5,129,226
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		5,129,226
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		5,129,226
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		5,129,226
Total minimum lease payments		25,646,130
Less interest		(6,095,345	)
Capital lease obligations		19,550,785
Less current maturities of capital lease obligations		(3,001,999	)
Long-term capital lease obligations		16,548,786

F-35

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

Other commitments

As of June 30, 2016, the Group had outstanding commitments with respect to non-cancelable construction contracts for real estate development and land use rights purchases as follows:

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		295,095,377
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		124,549,036
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		53,987,335
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		30,414,655
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		12,412,055
Total		516,458,458

Contingencies

As of June 30, 2016, the Group provided guarantees of US$1,680,552,328 (December 31, 2015: US$1,513,664,015), in favor of its customers in respect of mortgage loans granted by banks to such customers for their purchases of the Group’s properties where the underlying real estate ownership certificates can be provided to the banks on a time delay manner due to administrative procedures in the PRC. Pursuant to the terms of the guarantees, upon default in mortgage payments by these purchasers, the Group is responsible to repay the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty owed by the defaulted purchasers to the bank and the Group is entitled to take over the legal titles and possession of the related properties. The Group’s guarantee period starts from the date of grant of the relevant mortgage loan and ends upon issuance of real estate ownership certificate which will generally be available within six to twelve months after the purchaser takes possession of the relevant property.

 The fair value of the guarantees is not significantly different than the net realizable value of the properties and management considers that in case of default in payments, the net realizable value of the related properties can cover the repayment of the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty and therefore no provision has been made for the guarantees.

On May 30, 2014, the Modern City project developed by Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd., completed the LAT final settlement with the local tax bureau. The Company received a tax clearance certificate, which confirmed that the Company’s accrual under the deemed profit method was adequate and there were no additional tax adjustments assessed by the local tax bureau as of May 30, 2014. Based on the above, management performed a reassessment and concluded that the likelihood of the contingency amounted to US$16.2 million in relation to deemed profit method being overturned is only reasonably possible as of June 30, 2016.

In connection with Ozarks Term loan obtained by Hudson 888 Owner LLC, XIN Development Group International Inc. agreed to provide a number of guarantees jointly and severally to Ozarks Bank. As of June 30, 2016, the amount under these guarantee arrangements was approximately US$26.3 million. Based on information currently available, the Company does not believe that it is probable that XIN Development Group International Inc. be required to pay any amount under these guarantees. Therefore, no amounts have been recognized in the financial statements for the underlying of these guarantee arrangements.

16. Accumulated other comprehensive income

The movement of accumulated other comprehensive income is as follows:

	Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance as of December 31, 2015		30,951,837
Other comprehensive loss (unaudited)		(19,435,836	)
Balance as of June 30, 2016		11,516,001

F-36

XINYUAN REAL ESTATE CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

(All amounts stated in US$, except for number of shares data)

17. Non-controlling interests

The movement of non-controlling interest is as follows:

	Amount
	US$
Balance as of December 31, 2015		(18,819	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest(unaudited)		2,053,922
Acquisition of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 6)		5,724,339
Change in ownership interest of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 11 (d))		506,696
Effect of exchange rate (unaudited)		(145,037	)
Balance as of June 30, 2016		8,121,101

18. Subsequent events

On July 13, 2016, Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. acquired a parcel of land in Zhengzhou, Henan Province for a consideration of RMB357.1 million, equivalent to US$53.9 million.

On August 1, 2016, the Company acquired a parcel of land, located at 135-35 Northern Blvd in Flushing, Queens, New York for US$66.0 million. 

On August 15, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the first tranche of new onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of RMB1.5 billion (US$226 million) due on August 15, 2019 at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum. Interest is payable on August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2016.

F-37

EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2

Selected financial data

Our Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The following selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income and other financial data for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, other than the earnings per ADS data, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this report. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Except for changes in operating subsidiaries, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the relevant periods.

The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and the "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this report.

	Six months ended June 30,
	2015			2016
	US$			US$
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
	(in thousands except share, per share and per ADS data)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Total revenue		441,784			612,007
Total costs of revenue		(332,859	)		(485,807	)
Selling and distribution expenses		(18,647	)		(16,922	)
General and administrative expenses		(44,793	)		(55,605	)
Operating income		45,484			53,673
Net income		24,673			34,699
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest		-			(2,054	)
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders		24,673			32,645
Earnings per share
-Basic		0.17			0.24
-Diluted		0.17			0.23
Shares used in computation
-Basic		147,035,708			134,617,909
-Diluted		147,238,151			138,984,931
Earnings per ADS(1)
-Basic		0.34			0.49
-Diluted		0.34			0.47

(1) Earnings per ADS are calculated based on each ADS representing two common shares.

1

	Year ended December 31, 2015 and six months ended June 30, 2016
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
Cash dividends declared per ADS		0.20		0.10

	Year ended December 31, 2015 and six months
	ended June 30, 2016
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(in thousands except share, per share and per ADS data)
Other Operating Data
Number of projects launched		6		1
Aggregate GFA delivered(1) (m 2)		560,232		516,851

(1) Delivery occurs when the Company has obtained all the completion acceptance certificates required by the PRC government in respect of the apartment and delivers full access to the apartment, such as the keys, to the buyer.

The following table presents a summary of our consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, and June 30, 2016:

	As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(in thousands, except share, per share and per ADS data)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data(1)
Cash and cash equivalents		387,528		416,829
Restricted cash		363,137		482,125
Deposits for land use rights		46,199		49,765
Real estate property under development		1,887,322		2,082,680
Total current assets		3,262,964		3,496,263
Total assets		3,561,387		3,764,356
Total current liabilities		1,650,883		1,833,644
Long-term bank loans		13,860		51,022
Other long-term debt		910,008		892,098
Common shares		15,835		15,935
Total Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders’ equity		935,970		923,677

(1) Financial information for PRC subsidiaries is first prepared in RMB and then translated into U.S. dollars for assets and liabilities at the period end exchange rate and, for revenues and expenses, at the period average exchange rate. The rates used are set forth in the table below. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the transactions occurred.

2

Exchange Rate Information

Our financial statements and other financial data included in this report are presented in U.S. dollars. Our business and operations are primarily conducted in China through our PRC subsidiaries. The functional currency of our PRC subsidiaries is RMB. The financial statements of our PRC subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars, using published exchange rates in China, based on (i) period end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and (ii) period average exchange rates for revenues and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at historical exchange rates when the transactions occurred. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in our shareholders’ equity. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB at any particular rate, including the rate stated below.

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of the RMB into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. Since 2005, the People’s Bank of China, or the PBOC, has allowed the RMB to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of foreign currencies, according to market demand and supply conditions. The PBOC announces the RMB closing price each day and that rate serves as the mid-point of the next day’s trading band.

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the low, average, high and period-end noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers, in RMB per U.S. dollar. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this report or will use in the preparation of periodic reports or other information to be provided to you.

	As of and for the Year Ended December 31,										As of and for the Six Months  Ended June 30,
	2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2015		2016
Period-end US$: RMB exchange rate		6.3009		6.2855		6.0969		6.1190		6.4936		6.1136		6.6312
Period average US$: RMB exchange rate		6.4614		6.3124		6.1956		6.1424		6.2272		6.1287		6.5309

As of August 12, 2016, the US$: RMB exchange rate was 6.6324.

3

EX-99.3

Exhibit 99.3

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report on Form 6-K and with the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2016 (our "2015 Form 20-F"). This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those identified elsewhere in this Report on Form 6-K, and those listed in our 2015 Form 20-F under “Item 3. Key Information-D. Risk Factors” or in other parts of our 2015 Form 20-F.

A. Operating Results

Overview

Since our inception in 1997, we have completed 34 projects with total gross floor area ("GFA") of 4,905, 495 square meters. As of June 30, 2016, we had 28 projects in thirteen cities in China and the United States with estimated total GFA of 4,679,710 square meters under construction and planning, of which 21 projects with estimated total GFA of 3,844,045 square meters were under construction. As of June 30, 2016, we had one residential development project in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York in the construction stage with an estimated total GFA of 30,855 square meters. As of December 31, 2015, we have sold all of the certain land parcels in Reno, Nevada and condominium units in Irvine, California. In December 31, 2014, we completed our acquisition of a Malaysian company, which owns offshore landfill reclamation rights for a total area of 170 acres (approximately 687,966 square meters). In the first half of 2016, we acquired a parcel of land, located on 10th Avenue and between 44th Street and 45th Street, in Midtown Manhattan for US$57.5 million. The city block-front parcel has 200 feet of frontage on 10th Avenue and includes both corners of the side streets. The land allows for approximately 105,000 square feet (9,755 square meters) gross buildable development.

Our total revenue, derived primarily from sales of residential real estate, has increased from US$441.8 million in the first six months of 2015 to US$612.0 million in the first six months of 2016. Our net income was US$24.7 million and US$32.6 million, respectively, for the same periods. We acquire land in China primarily through auctions of government land, direct negotiation and acquisition of landowning entities. These acquisition methods allow us to obtain unoccupied land with unencumbered land use rights, which in turn enables us to save the time and expenses associated with protracted legal processes to obtain title, to demolish and re-settle and to commence construction quickly.

As a public company, we are subject to the rules and regulations of the United States securities laws and the NYSE relating to, among other things, corporate governance and internal controls. As such, we have recruited experienced management, accounting and other personnel. We have also incurred expenses to improve our enterprise resource management system and internal controls.

The most significant factors that directly or indirectly affect our financial performance and results of operations are:

• Economic growth and demand for residential property in China and since 2012 in the U.S.;

• PRC government policies and regulations, including tax guidelines and lending policies for the real estate sector;

• Location, number and type of our property developments;

1

• Availability and cost of financing;

• Acquisition of quality land use rights or title to quality properties in our target markets;

• Changes in the price of raw materials and labor costs; and

• Our execution capability to support business expansion.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Economic growth and demand for residential property in China and since 2012 in the U.S.

Our business and results of operations are significantly affected by trends and developments in the PRC economy, including disposable income levels, urbanization rate, population growth, and availability of project and consumer financing, which affect demand for residential properties in China. During the past decade, China has experienced significant economic growth, which has created a favorable operating environment for us in the cities where we operate. As of June 30, 2016, 99.0% of the units in our completed projects have been sold. We have periodically experienced some volatilities in demand due to the strict mortgage policy and other measures taken by the PRC government to slow down the rapid increase in housing prices, such as the Circular on Continuing to Improve the Regulation and Control of the Real Estate Market announced by the General Office of the State Council in February 2013, which among others, requires an individual income tax at a rate of 20% on gains generated from the sale of a self-owned property. However, we expect continuing economic growth in China, rising disposable income levels and population growth in our target cities to support demand for residential properties over the next several years. As we continue to expand our business operations in the U.S., trends and development in the U.S. economy, including developments in the U.S. housing markets, will become increasingly important to our business and results of operations.

PRC government policies and regulations

Our business and results of operations are significantly affected by PRC government policies and regulations, particularly those that relate to land sales and development, project and consumer financing, property sales and transfers, property taxation and residential property prices.

In connection with the rapid rise in housing prices as the PRC real estate market recovered from the impact of the financial crisis, the general office of the PRC State Council issued a circular on January 7, 2010, which aimed to control the rapid increase in housing prices and cool down the real estate market. Among other matters, the circular reiterated that purchasers of a second residential property for their households must make down payments of no less than 40% of the purchase price, and that real estate developers who have received approval to sell property must commence sales within the mandated period at the price they have publicly announced. The circular also asked local governments to increase the effective supply of low income housing and ordinary commodity housing and instructed the People's Bank of China ("PBOC") and the China Bank Regulatory Commission ("CBRC") to tighten the supervision of bank lending to the real estate sector.

The General Office of the State Council promulgated the Circular on Issues Relevant to Improving the Regulation and Control of the Real Property Market on January 26, 2011, which provided, among other things, that for a household purchasing a second residential household property utilizing mortgage financing, the down payment must be at least 60% of the purchase price, and the interest rate for the mortgage on the second residential household property must be at least 1.1 times the benchmark interest rate; in municipalities, the capital city of each province, and other cities where housing prices are too high, a local resident household having one residential household property, or a non-local resident household which is able to provide required certificates as to payment of income tax and social insurance contributions for a certain number of years, may only purchase one additional residential property; for a local resident household already having two or more residential property, or a non-local resident household that already has one or more residential properties or is unable to provide the requisite certificates, the purchase of any residential property in the local area is not permitted. Localities that have already promulgated their own policies on limiting the purchase of residential properties were required to bring those policies in line with the abovementioned principle as soon as possible. Municipalities, capital cities of each province, and other cities where housing prices are too high must promulgate policies to limit the purchase of residential properties.

2

In accordance with the Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Regulating the Administration of Houses Purchase by Overseas Entities and Individuals promulgated on November 4, 2010, except as otherwise provided in the law, an overseas individual may only purchase one house unit for personal residence, and an overseas entity establishing domestic branches or representative offices may only purchase non-residential houses in the city of registration for business purposes.

On February 26, 2013, the General Office of the State Council announced the Circular on Continuing to Improve the Regulation and Control of the Real Estate Market , which, among others, provided the following requirements: (i) limitations on the purchase of commodity properties must be strictly implemented, and the scope of such limitations must cover all newly constructed commodity properties and second-hand properties located within the entire administrative area of the city in question; (ii) for those cities with excessive growth in housing prices, the local counterparts of the PBOC may further increase down payment ratios and interest rates for loans to purchase second properties in accordance with the price control policies and targets of the corresponding local governments; and (iii) the gains generated from the sale of a self-owned property shall be subject to individual income tax at a rate of 20%, if the original value of such property can be verified through historical information such as tax filings and property registration.

On October 9, 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, or MOHURD, Ministry of Finance, or MOF, and PBOC jointly issued the Notice of MOHURD, MOF and PBOC on Developing the Business of Individual Housing Loan through Housing Fund, which specifies that employees who make their payments of housing fund for consecutive 6 months will apply for individual housing loan through housing fund, and local authorities may raise the amount that one can apply for under certain conditions.

On August 19, 2015, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOHURD and the SAFE, promulgated Circular 122 which, among other things, allows the branches and representative offices of foreign enterprises established in China (except enterprises that are approved to conduct real estate business in China), and foreign individuals who work or study in China to purchase commodity houses for the purposes of self-use or self-living.

On March 7, 2016, during the National People's Congress and the Chinese Political Consultative Conference, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce made a proposal concerning propelling relief of real estate inventory. The proposal includes suggestions such as introducing real estate trusts, using individual income tax to charge against interest of housing loans, etc.

We believe that it is in the PRC government’s interest to stabilize the market, and the urbanization process and that the continuous increase of disposable income will continue to support the long-term growth of China’s real estate market. Accordingly, we expect that the government will maintain policies that will foster long-term healthy growth and curb potential bubbles in the market. However, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not adopt further measures in the near future that may adversely affect our business and financial performance or that a real estate bubble will not develop despite government efforts to discourage such development.

3

Moreover, a substantial portion of our customers depend on mortgage financing to purchase our properties. Although government policies have generally fostered the growth of private home ownership, regulations have been adopted to tighten and then loosen mortgage lending rules. For example, the minimum down payment required for residential properties of 90 square meters or more was increased from 20% to 30% of the purchase price in 2006. In September 2007, the minimum down payment for any second or subsequent purchase of residential property was increased to 40% of the purchase price where the purchaser had obtained a bank loan to finance the purchase of his or her first property. Moreover, the interest rate for bank loans of such purchase may not be less than 110% of the PBOC, benchmark rate of the same term and category. Effective as of December 20, 2008, however, residents who have already purchased, with mortgages, an “ordinary property for self-use” that is smaller than the average size for their locality are entitled to the preferential loan interest rate and down payment ratio available to first-time purchasers of residential property when they purchase a second property to improve their living conditions. Since January 26, 2011, for a household purchasing a second residential household property with mortgage financing, the down payment must be at least 60% of the purchase price and the interest rate for the mortgage on such property must be at least 1.1 times the benchmark interest rate. On September 29, 2014, the PBOC and CBRC issued the Circular of PBOC and CBRC on Further Improving Financial Services for Housing , among other incentive policies, which specifies that the minimum down payment percentage is 30% for purchasers of a first residential property for their households, and the minimum loan interest rate is 70% of the benchmark rate, to be determined by banking financial institutions in light of risk conditions. For purchasers of a second residential property for their households who have paid up the loan that financed the acquisition their first house who apply again to for a loan to finance the purchase of an ordinary commodity house for the purpose of improving their living conditions, the loan policies for the first house shall apply. In light of the weakening in the property market in China, however, the PBOC, MHURD and CBRC jointly issued the Circular on Issues concerning Individual Residential Mortgage Policies on March 30, 2015, which came into effect on March 31, 2015, as a measure to shore up the market. The circular reduces the minimum down payment ratios from 30% to 20% for first home buyers who use the housing provident fund for their purchase and from 60% to 40% for second home buyers with outstanding mortgages who apply for another mortgage. In addition, the circular provides that home buyers who use the housing provident fund for their home purchase are only required to pay a minimum down payment of 30% for their purchase of a second house if all loans are settled on their first home.

On September 24, 2015, PBOC and CRBC jointly issued the Circular on Issues Concerning Further Improving Differentiated Housing Loan Policies, which provided that in the cities without restrictive measures for house purchase, the minimum down payment ratio shall be 25% or higher for the first home buyers who use the commercial individual housing loans.

On February 1, 2016, PBOC and CRBC jointly issued Circular of the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission on Issues Concerning Adjusting the Individual Housing Loan Policies. It provides that in the cities without restrictive measures for house purchase, the minimum down payment ratio, in principal, shall be 25% for the first home buyers who use the commercial individual housing loans common, and the said percentage may be lowered by 5% in different regions; with respect to second home buyers with unsettled house purchase loans who purchase for improving living conditions and use commercial individual housing loans, the minimum down payment ratio shall be at least 30%.

The down payment ratio, the loan interest rate and the size of mortgage financing are important factors that affect our results of operations, and we cannot guarantee that our operations will not be adversely affected by future government policies.

The PRC government will also from time to time introduce sales tax incentives or disincentives to either stimulate or dampen demand. For example, the required holding period for avoidance of business tax on capital gains on sale of real estate was recently reduced from five years to two years with the promulgation of Circular 39 on March 30, 2015 in an effort to stimulate the weakening property market in China.

On February 17, 2016, MOF, State Administration of Taxation and MOHURD jointly issued Circular on Adjusting Deed Tax and Business Tax Policies for Real Estate Transactions. Regarding the deed tax, the Circular provides that for first home buyers purchasing the only residence for their families (family members include the buyer, the buyer's spouse and under-age children, as applicable hereinafter) with an area of 90 square meters or less, the deed tax is reduced to 1%; for a residence with an area of more than 90 square meters, the deed tax is reduced to 1.5%. For second home buyers purchasing a second residence with an area of 90 square meters or less, the deed tax is reduced to 1%; for residences with an area of more than 90 square meters, the deed tax is reduced to 2%. Regarding the business tax, the Circular provides that for any individual who sells his/her ordinary housing that is purchased and owned less than two years, full business tax is levied; for an individual who sells his/her ordinary housing purchased and owned not less than two years, the business tax is exempted. However, the Circular specifies that the policies regarding deed tax and business tax do not apply to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where the business tax for transfer of residences by individuals as stipulated in the Circular of the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Taxation on Adjusting Business Tax Policies for Transfer of Residences by Individuals still apply.

4

Location, number and type of our property developments

The amount of revenue we record in any given period is affected by a number of factors, including the number, type and location of properties we have under construction and their stage of completion, whether the completed units have been sold and the realized selling prices for such units. The average selling prices of our projects vary depending on the types and sizes of the units sold and on the location of the projects. As the overall development moves closer to completion, the sales prices tend to increase because a more established residential community is offered to purchasers. The type of property development affects the estimated construction period of the project, which largely determines the revenue recognition method we apply. Revenue recognized in any period under the full accrual method depends on the number, aggregate GFA and average selling prices of units completed and sold during the period. Revenue recognized in any period under the percentage of completion method depends on contracted sales of units in the relevant project and the completion progress of a project (measured by the ratio of cost incurred to total estimated cost). As the completion and sales of our projects are not spread evenly over time, our results of operations may differ significantly from period to period.

Availability and cost of financing

Like other property developers, we require substantial capital investment for the acquisition of land use rights and the construction of our projects. Our ability to secure financing for such purposes affects the number of projects we are able to develop at any time. On January 18, 2010, the PBOC decided to tighten the credit supply by increasing the reserve requirement ratio for commercial banks by 0.5%, which was the first increase since June 2008. As of March 25, 2011, the PBOC raised the reserve requirement ratio for large commercial banks by 0.5% to 20%, and small and middle sized financial institutions by 0.5% to 16.5% and on June 20, 2011, the reserve requirement ratio was raised to its peak of 21.5% for large commercial banks and 18% for small and middle sized financial institutions. As of May 18, 2012, the reserve requirement ratios have been reduced to 20.0% for large commercial banks and 16.5% for small and middle sized financial institutions. As of February 4, 2015, the PBOC reduced the reserve requirement ratio by 0.5% to 19.5% for large commercial banks and to 16% for small and middle-sized financial institutions. On April 19, 2015, the PBOC further reduced the reserve requirement ratio for large commercial banks by 1% to 18.5%, and small and middle sized financial institutions by 1% to 15% in order to free up more credit in China, effective from April 20, 2015. On February 29, 2016, the PBOC further reduced the reserve requirement ratio for large commercial banks by 0.5% to 16.5%, and small and middle sized financial institutions by 0.5% to 13% in order to free up more credit in China, effective from March 1, 2016. Notwithstanding the recent reduction in the reserve requirement amount, any future increases in the reserve requirement ratio will reduce the amount of commercial bank credit available to businesses in China and may affect our ability to obtain sufficient funding from banks to finance our business expansion. The cost of our financing also affects our operating results. We typically obtain bank borrowings for up to 65% of the cost of our land use rights to fund PRC project developments after we receive the required permits. Interest rates on our commercial bank borrowings vary and are linked to benchmark lending rates published by the PBOC, which fluctuate from time to time. In 2007, we issued US$75 million principal amount of floating rate notes, which bore interest at a variable rate based on LIBOR plus 6.8% per annum, and US$25 million principal amount of convertible notes, which bore interest at 2% per annum. These notes were paid in full in April 2010, at which time we issued US$40 million principal amount of a 3-year term guaranteed senior secured note (the “Guaranteed Senior Secured Note”) which bore interest at 15.6% per annum. The Guaranteed Senior Secured Note was paid in full prior to its maturity on April 15, 2013. In 2013, we issued US$200 million aggregate principal amount of our May 2018 Senior Secured Notes which bear interest at a rate of 13.25%. We issued and sold the 5% Convertible Note in the aggregate principal amount of US$75,761,009, which was subsequently redeemed early in November 2014 on negotiated terms for an aggregate payment of US$86,272,849 with loss on extinguishment of debt US$9,848,931. We also issued US$200 million aggregate principal amount of our June 2019 Senior Secured Notes which bear interest at 13% per annum. Since 2013, we obtained borrowings from trust companies, with interest rates up to 12.50%. In 2014 and 2015, we also obtained borrowings from non-controlling shareholders of certain of our subsidiaries with interest rates up to 12% and 11%, respectively. On December 28, 2015, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the first tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$154 million due on December 28, 2020 (the "First Tranche Bonds") at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum payable annually. On January 27, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the second tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$107 million due on January 27, 2021 (the “Second Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.47% per annum payable annually. On March 14, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the third tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$77 million due on March 14, 2021 (the “Third Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.09% per annum payable annually. Upon the third anniversary of the issuance of each tranche of bonds, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd may increase the applicable coupon rate and the holders have the right within a specified time period to require the company to repurchase the bonds following the company's announcement of whether it intends to increase the interest rate. We expect our interest costs to fluctuate in future periods as a result of changes in interest rates and the amount of our outstanding borrowings.

5

Acquisition of land use rights or title to properties in target markets

Our business model depends to a large extent on our ability to acquire land use rights for development sites and proceed quickly with construction to shorten our development cycle. As a consequence, we are frequently surveying the market for attractive development opportunities in our target cities. Under current regulations and market practice, land use rights for residential development purposes in China may be acquired from local governments through a competitive auction or other bidding process, in which the minimum reserve price is determined based on the appraised value. Land use rights may also be acquired in the secondary markets. We also utilize a negotiated land acquisition model, which involves deposits on certain lands that we are most interested in acquiring, which we believe may improve our chances of successfully acquiring desired land. Land use rights prices vary significantly from city to city.

Government land auctions are a transparent and competitive process for bringing development land to market in China, allowing the developer to acquire clean title and the ability to proceed immediately with development. However, as competition for development sites increases, the auction mechanism tends to lead to higher prices. In late 2009, land use rights costs started to increase slightly again due to the recovery of the real estate market in China and a sudden rise in housing prices in certain cities. Commencing in the fourth quarter of 2011, land use rights costs showed a slight decrease due to lower demand in the real estate market, but started to increase again in the first quarter of 2013.Land use rights costs, including auction price and taxes, constituted 40.1% and 34.9% of our cost of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively. During 2015 and six months ended June 30, 2016, we incurred an aggregate of US$99.6 million and US$110.8 million, respectively, for land acquisitions in China, including deposits for potential acquisitions under the negotiated land acquisition model.

We acquire our developments sites or land held for sale in the U.S. generally through off-market transactions, including resales and distressed sales. During 2015, we did not purchase any new properties in the U.S. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we incurred an aggregate of US$57.5 million for land acquisitions in the U.S.

Increases in the price of raw materials and labor costs

We outsource the design and construction of our property developments to third-party service providers. Our third-party contractors are responsible for providing labor and procuring a majority of the raw materials used in our project developments. Our construction contracts typically provide for flexible payments, subject to changes in certain cases, such as design changes during construction, changes in government-suggested steel prices, cement prices, as well as labor costs. Any increase in labor costs or other costs which may result in adjustments in payments under our construction contracts could result in an increase in our construction costs. In addition, the increase in the price of raw materials, such as cement, concrete blocks and bricks, in the long run could be passed on to us by our contractors, which could increase our construction costs. Any input cost increase could reduce our earnings to the extent we are unable to pass these increased costs to our customers.

6

Our execution capability to support business expansion

Since 2006, we have been expanding our residential property development operations from Zhengzhou in Henan Province into other high growth cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Xingyang in Henan Province, Chengdu in Sichuan Province, Hefei in Anhui Province, Jinan in Shandong Province, Sanya in Hainan Province, Changsha in Hunan Province, Xi’an in Shaanxi Province, and Suzhou, Kunshan and Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province. We plan to expand into additional high growth cities as suitable opportunities arise. The development of real estate projects across additional high growth cities will impose significant demand on our management and other operational resources. Moreover, we will face increased competition and will need to establish brand recognition and market acceptance for our developments in these new markets. Each of our targeted high growth cities has its own market conditions, customer requirements and local regulations related to the real estate industry. In addition, while our primary focus continues to be residential real estate markets in the high growth cities in China, beginning in 2012, we expanded into the U.S. market.. Our expansion in the U.S. market, which is significantly different from China in terms of market conditions, regulatory compliance requirement and customers, imposes significant demands on our management and other operational resources. In 2014, we acquired 100% of the shares of a Malaysian company, which owns offshore land fill development rights for a total areas of 170 acres (approximately 687,966 sq.m). We have no development experience in Malaysia, nor have we ever engaged in landfill reclamation projects. Such expansion also imposes significant demands on our capital and management resources to develop and generate future revenues from projects. The success of our business expansion depends on our ability to develop, market and deliver quality development projects on time. In addition, the progress and costs of a development project can be adversely affected by many factors, such as delays in obtaining necessary licenses, permits or approvals from relevant government authorities, failure by local contractors to comply with our designs, specifications or standards, and disputes with our third-party contractors. As we are not permitted to commence pre-sales in China until we have reached certain milestones in the construction progress for a project, any significant delay in construction could restrict our ability to pre-sell our properties, which could extend the recovery period for our investments. This, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our cash flow, investment returns, results of operations and financial position.

Operating Results

Revenues

Our revenues are derived mainly from the development and sale of real estate. In addition, we generate a small percentage of revenue from leasing ancillary facilities and residential units in certain of our residential developments, as well as from the provision of related services, including property management and real estate-related services that we provide to residents and purchasers of our residential units.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015				2016
	US$		%		US$		%
	(US$ in thousands, except for percentages)
Real estate sales		428,135		96.9		594,466		97.1
Real estate leasing		2,801		0.6		2,980		0.5
Real Estate Management Services		10,371		2.4		12,867		2.1
Other revenue		477		0.1		1,694		0.3
Total revenue		441,784		100.0		612,007		100.0

The impact of foreign exchange rate variances on the reported revenues in U.S. dollars was an unfavorable 6.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to a favorable 0.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2015. These variances were due to the depreciation of the RMB versus the U.S. dollar during the six months ended June 30, 2016 as compared to the appreciation of the RMB versus the U.S. dollar during the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Real Estate Sales

Real estate sales mainly represent revenues from the sales of residential properties we develop. Throughout this Report on Form 6-K, real estate sales are stated at net of sales tax levied on the relevant contracted sales value. Sales tax is a one-time tariff which consists of a business tax at the rate of 5%, an urban construction tax at the rate of 0.35% and an education surcharge at the rate of 0.15%. Total sales tax amounted to US$25.6 million and US$34.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Beginning May 1, 2016, a value added tax instead of the business tax was levied on the relevant contracted sales value at the rate of 5%.

7

For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, we recognized all our real estate sales revenues in China under the percentage of completion method. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, we had three and four projects in the U.S., respectively. All the revenues related to projects in the U.S. were recognized under the full accrual method.

Our real estate sales revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased significantly principally due to higher percentage of completion from three of our major development projects Kunshan Royal Palace, Henan Xin Central I and Zhengzhou Fancy City I launched in the third quarter of 2014, the third quarter of 2015 and the third quarter of 2015, respectively.

Real Estate Leasing

Real estate leasing revenues represent the income from the rental of ancillary facilities, including a retail property, parking facilities, kindergartens, elementary schools and clubhouses in a number of our developments.

Real Estate Management Services

Real Estate management services revenues represent the income of our property management services.

Other Revenue

Other revenue consists primarily of fees received for landscaping and computer network engineering and other real estate-related services that we provide to residents and purchasers of our residential units.

Cost of Revenues

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our cost of revenues for the period indicated.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015				2016
	US$		%		US$		%
	(US$ in thousands, except for percentages)
Cost of real estate sales
Land use rights costs		133,445		40.1		169,528		34.9
Construction costs		187,846		56.4		302,053		62.2
Total cost of real estate sales		321,291		96.5		471,581		97.1
Cost of real estate leasing		1,550		0.5		1,795		0.4
Cost of real estate management services		8,850		2.7		10,052		2.1
Other costs		1,168		0.3		2,379		0.4
Total costs of revenues		332,859		100.0		485,807		100.0

Cost of Real Estate Sales

Cost of real estate sales consist primarily of land use rights costs and construction costs. Impairment charges, if any, are also recorded under cost of real estate sales. Cost of real estate sales are capitalized and allocated to development projects using the specific identification method. When the full accrual method of revenue recognition is applied, costs are recorded based on the ratio of the sales value of the relevant units completed and sold to the estimated total project sales value, multiplied by the estimated total project costs. When the percentage of completion method of revenue recognition is applied, capitalized costs are released to our statement of comprehensive income based on the completion progress of a project.

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Land use rights costs. Land use rights costs include the amount we pay to acquire land use rights for our property development sites in China, plus taxes, and the amount we pay to acquire land for our property development in the U.S., plus taxes. We acquire our development sites in the PRC mainly by auctions of government land, direct negotiation and acquisition of land-owning entities. Before 2016, we acquired our development sites or land held for sale in the U.S. generally through off-market transactions, including resale and distressed sales. In the first half of 2016, we acquired a parcel of land through normal market transactions. Our land use rights costs for different projects vary according to the size and location of the site and the minimum reserve price for the site, all of which are influenced by government policies, as well as prevailing market conditions. Our land use rights costs have increased in the past few years due to several factors including geographic expansion into certain higher priced markets, generally rising prices in each of our served markets, and increased competition from a growing number of bidders at government land auctions.

Construction costs. We outsource the construction of all of our projects to third party contractors, whom we select through a competitive tender process. Our construction contracts provide for flexible payments which cover substantially most of all labor, materials, fittings and equipment costs, subject to adjustments for certain prescribed contingencies, such as design changes during the construction process or changes in government-suggested steel prices or cement prices. Our construction costs consist primarily of the payments to our third-party contractors, which are paid over the construction period based on specified milestones. In addition, we directly purchase and supply a limited range of fittings and equipment, including elevators, window frames and door frames. Our construction costs also include capitalized interest costs in the amount of US$20.0 million and US$36.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively.

Future losses and impairment charges

When the profitability of a current project deteriorates due to a slowdown in the sales pace, reduction of pricing or some other factor, this indicates that there may be a possible future loss on delivery and possible impairment in the recoverability of the assets. Accordingly, the assets of such project are subsequently reviewed for future losses and impairment by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for the project to the carrying value of such project. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying value, such deficit will be charged as a future loss and the asset will then be written down to its estimated fair value.

We determine estimated fair value primarily by discounting the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset. In estimating the cash flows for a project, we use various factors including (a) the expected pace at which the planned number of units will be sold, based on competitive market conditions, historical trends in sales pace and actual average selling prices of similar product offerings and any other long or short-term economic conditions which may impact the market in which the project is located; (b) the estimated net sales prices expected to be attained based on the current market conditions and historical price trends, as well as any estimated increases in future sales prices based upon the projected rate of unit sales, the estimated time gap between presale and expected delivery, the impact of government policies, the local and regional competitive environment, and certain external factors such as the opening of a subway line, school or factory; and (c) the expected costs to be incurred in the future by us, including, but not limited to, construction cost, construction overhead, sales and marketing, sales taxes and interest costs.

Our determination of fair value requires discounting the estimated cash flow at a rate commensurate with the inherent risk associated with the assets and related estimated cash flow. The discount rate used in determining each project’s fair value depends on the stage of development, location and other specific factors that increase or decrease the risk associated with the estimated cash flows. In accordance with our accounting policies, we consider on a quarterly basis whether indicators of impairment of long-lived assets are present. See also “-Critical Accounting Policies” for our policy on impairment of long-lived assets.

For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2016, we did not recognize any impairment for our active projects, consisting of projects under construction or planning or held for sale or held for lease.

9

Cost of Real Estate Leasing

Our cost of real estate leasing consists primarily of depreciation expenses and maintenance expenses associated with the leased properties. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of our properties held for lease are 20-60 years.

Cost of real estate management services

Cost of real estate management services represents costs that relate to property management services.

Other Costs

Other costs represent costs incurred in connection with the landscaping and computer network engineering services and other real estate-related services that we provide to residents and purchasers of our residential units.

Selling and Distribution Expenses

Our selling and distribution expenses include:

• advertising and promotion expenses, such as print advertisement costs, billboard and other display advertising costs, and costs associated with our showrooms and illustrative units;

• sales and marketing staff costs, which consist primarily of salaries, welfares and sales commissions;

• agency commissions of approximately 1.0% of contracted sales on outsourced project sales; and

• other related expenses.

As of June 30, 2016, we employed 218 full-time sales and marketing personnel. We expect our selling and marketing expenses to increase in the near future as we increase our sales efforts, launch more projects and target new markets to expand our operations.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses principally include:

• staff salaries and benefits, quarterly and annual bonuses, and stock-based compensation;

• traveling and office expenses;

• professional fees, such as audit and legal fees; and

• other expenses.

Interest Income

Interest income represents interest earned on our bank balances.

Interest Expenses

Interest expenses include (i) interest paid on our bank borrowings and other indebtedness, mainly including US$200 million principal amount of our May 2018 Senior Secured Notes issued in May 2013, US$154 million principal amount of our first tranche of the Onshore Corporate Bonds issued in December 2015, US$107million principal amount of our second tranche of the Onshore Corporate Bonds issued in January 2016, US$77 million principal amount of our third tranche of the Onshore Corporate Bonds issued in March 2016, US$200 million principal amount of our June 2019 Senior Secured Notes issued in December 2013, and US$125.0 million principal amount from loans from non-controlling shareholders of certain of our subsidiaries, (ii) amortization of debt issuance cost, and (iii) interest expense on corporate aircraft capital lease.

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Except for an aggregate principal amount of US$431.5 million US$ denominated borrowing (US$63.0 million US$ denominated borrowings from Bank of China Tokyo Branch, US$127.5 million US$ denominated borrowings from The Bank of East Asia, US$20.0 million US$ denominated borrowings from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited, US$25.0 million US$ denominated borrowing from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Thai) Public Company Limited, US$110.2 million US$ denominated borrowing from Fortress Credit Co. LLC, US$59.5 million US$ denominated borrowings from Kent EB-5 LLC and US$26.3 million US$ denominated borrowings from Bank of the Ozarks), all of our borrowings are granted by PRC commercial banks or financing institutions and denominated in RMB. Our Senior Secured Notes (see below) are also denominated in US$. Interest rates on our long-term PRC bank borrowings are typically variable and linked to benchmark rates published by the PBOC. As of June 30, 2016, the PBOC benchmark rate for a one-year loan was 4.35% per annum and those for loans of more than one year ranged from 4.75% to 4.9% per annum. The above mentioned bank borrowings from Bank of China Tokyo Branch, The Bank of East Asia, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Thai) Public Company Limited are secured by RMB deposits in these banks’ local branches and bear interest rates ranging from 1.2% to LIBOR plus 1.7%. Our weighted average interest rate on short-term bank loans and other debt as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 was 1.71% and 2.42%.

The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes in the principal amount of US$200 million bear interest at the fixed rate of 13.25% per annum. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes in the principal amount of US$200 million bear interest at the fixed rate of 13.0% per annum. The loans from non-controlling shareholders of certain of our subsidiaries amount to US$125.0 million and bear interest at rates of up to 11% per annum.

For the six months ended June 30, 2016, out of US$90.7 million total interest expenses incurred, US$10.1 million was charged to current year Statement of Comprehensive Income since the interest that was charged did not qualify for capitalization under U.S. GAAP. 

Income Taxes

The following table sets forth the components of income taxes for the periods indicated.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015			2016
	US$			US$
Income before taxes		53,420,203			61,731,652
Provision for taxes		28,747,037			27,032,761
Effective tax rate		53.8	%		43.8	%

For a discussion of corporate income tax and land appreciation tax, see below.

Corporate Income Tax and Unrecognized Tax Benefit

Cayman Islands

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current law of the Cayman Islands, we are not subject to income or capital gains tax. In addition, dividend payments are not subject to withholding tax in the Cayman Islands.

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People’s Republic of China

In general, enterprises in the PRC are subject to income tax at a statutory rate of 25%. For our subsidiaries located in various cities, income tax is levied at the statutory rate of 25% on income as reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments except in 2009 and 2010 when, in accordance with local provisional tax regulations in Henan province, the local tax authority in Zhengzhou determined that the taxable income of our PRC subsidiaries in Henan province should be deemed from 12% to 20% of their total cash receipts from sales of residential units. Total cash receipts include cash receipts proceeds from pre-sales of our properties that are recorded as customer deposits, which partly comprise mortgage loan proceeds received in our account from mortgage lending banks. In addition, the local tax authority of Zhengzhou city approved the application of the deemed profit method for the CIT settlement of Zhengzhou Modern City project in 2013. We have made provision for the corporate income tax, or CIT, payable by our PRC subsidiaries based on the statutory income tax rate of 25%, after appropriate adjustments to our taxable income used in the calculation. The difference between tax payable on our actual taxable income and tax levied on the deemed taxable income basis had been treated as an unrecognized tax benefit under ASC 740-10 “Income Tax”, or ASC 740-10, which has a balance of US$17.8 million and US$18.1 million as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 respectively. The current year movement in ASC 740-10 liability of US$0.3 million was mainly recognized due to the undeclared exchange gain.

Land Appreciation Tax

Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries engaging in property development are subject to land appreciation tax ("LAT"), which is levied by the local tax authorities upon the “appreciation value” as defined in the relevant tax laws. All taxable gains from the sale or transfer of land use rights, buildings and related facilities in China are subject to LAT at progressive rates that range from 30% to 60%. Certain exemptions are allowed for sales of ordinary residential properties if the appreciation value does not exceed a threshold specified in the relevant tax laws. Gains from sales of commercial properties are not eligible for this exemption. Whether a property qualifies for the ordinary residential property exemption is determined by the local government taking into consideration the property’s plot ratio, aggregate GFA and sales price.

In prior years, the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) has settled the LAT for three of its projects based on the deemed profit method, which was approved by the local tax bureau. Out of the three projects, one project was liquidated on April 6, 2012 and the statute of limitations for another project expired as of December 31, 2013. The statute of limitations for the remaining project expired on April 27, 2014. Based on the above, there is no longer any contingency related to LAT for the foregoing three projects settled in prior years.

On May 30, 2014, the Modern City project developed by Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd., completed the LAT final settlement with the local tax bureau. We received a tax clearance certificate, which confirmed that our accrual under the deemed profit method was adequate and there was no additional tax adjustments assessed by the local tax bureau as of May 30, 2014. Based on the above, management performed a reassessment and concluded that the likelihood of the deemed profit method being overturned is only reasonably possible, and accordingly reversed the LAT liability accrued for the project amounting to US$16.2 million as of December 31, 2015. Our estimate for the reasonably possible contingency for LAT related to the Modern City project amounted to US$16.2 million as of June 30, 2016.

We have recorded a provision for LAT on the remaining projects completed since the date of incorporation. For the remaining projects, we have also accrued LAT payable on our property sales and transfers in accordance with the progressive rates specified in relevant tax laws, less amounts previously paid under the levy method applied by relevant local tax authorities.

Share-based compensation expense

We have four share-based compensation plans, our 2007 equity incentive plan, our 2007 long-term incentive plan, our 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Plan and our 2015 Incentive Plan. Under our 2007 equity incentive plan, we granted share option awards for an aggregate of 6,802,495 common shares at a weighted average exercise price of US$1.08 on August 11, 2007. Under our 2007 long-term incentive plan, we may grant options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards for the purchase of up to 10,000,000 common shares. As of June 30, 2016, 601,944 shares remained eligible for future grants under the plan. Under our 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Plan, we have granted 7,926,068 restricted common shares to employees and directors that vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. Under our 2015 long-term incentive plan, we may grant options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards for the purchase of up to 20,000,000 common shares. As of June 30, 2016, 14,064,200 shares remained eligible for future grants under the plan.

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We charged compensation cost of US$1.9 million and US$4.9 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2016 in the general and administrative expenses.

Results of Operations

The following table presents a summary of our consolidated statements of comprehensive income by amount and as a percentage of our total revenue during the periods indicated. Our historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other future period.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015						2016
	US$			%			US$			%
	(in thousands, except for percentages)
Revenue		441,784			100.0			612,007			100.0
Cost of revenue		(332,859	)		(75.3	)		(485,807	)		(79.4	)
Gross profit		108,925			24.7			126,200			20.6
Selling and distribution expenses		(18,648	)		(4.2	)		(16,922	)		(2.8	)
General and administrative expenses		(44,793	)		(10.1	)		(55,605	)		(9.1	)
Operating income		45,484			10.4			53,673			8.7
Interest income		11,911			2.7			12,694			2.1
Interest expenses		(9,956	)		(2.3	)		(10,063	)		(1.6	)
Net realized gain on trading securities		762			0.2			916			0.1
Unrealized gain on trading securities		19			-			767			0.1
Exchange gains		-			-			235			-
Other income		4,722			1.1			4,108			0.7
Share of (loss)/gain of an equity investee		478			0.1			(598	)		(0.1	)
Income from operations before income taxes		53,420			12.2			61,732			10.0
Income taxes		(28,747	)		(6.5	)		(27,033	)		(4.4	)
Net income		24,673			5.7			34,699			5.6
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest		-			-			(2,054	)		(0.3	)
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders		24,673			5.7			32,645			5.3

Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2015

Revenue

Revenue increased by US$170.2 million, or 38.5%, to US$612.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$441.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Real Estate Sales

Revenue from real estate sales increased by US$166.4 million, or 38.9%, to US$594.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$428.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, mainly due to projects newly commenced pre-sales in 2016.

Revenues related to the projects in the U.S. are recognized under the full accrual method. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, revenue was recognized in the amount of US$1.5 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, revenue was recognized in the amount of US$10.6 million for the sale of 3 units in the New York Oosten project.

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Revenue and profit from the sale of development properties is recognized utilizing the percentage of completion method. The following table sets forth the percentage of completion, the percentage sold and related revenues for our projects recognized under the percentage of completion method in China and our project recognized under the full accrual method in the U.S. for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016. For information regarding revenue recognition under the percentage of completion and the full accrual methods, see "Critical Accounting Policies," below.

Project	Total GFA		Percentage Complete as of June 30, (1)				Percentage Sold (2) Accumulated as of June 30,				Revenues Recognized For Six Months Ended June 30,
			2015		2016		2015		2016		2015				2016
	m²		%		%		%		%		US$		%(3)		US$			%(4)
Chengdu Segment
Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid I		231,032		100.0		100.0		100.0		95.8		515,880		0.1		428,673			0.1
Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid II		217,010		100.0		100.0		99.9		99.9		40,578		-		-			-
Chengdu Thriving Family		211,369		73.9		84.9		9.6		23.3		14,971,581		3.5		29,358,913			4.9
Jiangsu Segment
Suzhou International City Garden		204,872		100.0		100.0		99.4		99.5		-		-		-			-
Suzhou Lake Splendid		198,113		100.0		100.0		99.9		100.0		-		-		-			-
Suzhou Colorful Garden		81,506		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Suzhou Xin City		127,212		94.7		99.9		98.4		100.0		12,815,247		3.0		1,306,349			0.2
Suzhou Lake Royal Palace		169,631		81.1		97.3		18.5		66.7		37,449,808		8.7		77,247,203			13.0
Kunshan International City Garden		497,938		100.0		100.0		99.6		99.8		37,535		-		638,039			0.1
Kunshan Royal Palace		279,926		67.1		91.9		37.9		81.8		49,515,081		11.6		117,164,202			19.7
Xuzhou Colorful Garden		101,821		100.0		100.0		98.8		99.1		-		-		-			-
Xuzhou Colorful City		130,170		63.1		77.3		41.9		49.9		15,970,132		3.7		6,165,070			1.0
Shandong Segment
Jinan Elegant Scenery		100,386		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Jinan International City Garden		264,335		100.0		100.0		99.4		99.2		-		-		-			-
Jinan Xinyuan Splendid		572,235		95.3		99.4		98.0		99.1		42,392,809		9.9		6,181,865			1.0
Shandong Royal Palace		448,886		53.1		63.1		11.4		27.7		17,994,902		4.2		36,590,229			6.2
Jinan Xin Central		194,653		42.9		63.1		10.8		36.9		17,599,727		4.1		27,430,966			4.6
Henan Segment
Zhengzhou XinyuanColorful Garden		191,891		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Zhengzhou Finance Square		67,225		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Zhengzhou Modern City		231,019		100.0		100.0		99.9		100.0		1,811,829		0.4		(1,168,330	)		(0.2	)
Zhengzhou Royal Palace		135,825		98.3		98.9		100.0		100.0		3,738,779		0.9		1,134,470			0.2
Zhengzhou International City Garden		280,748		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Zhengzhou Yipin Xiangshan Phase I		94,249		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Zhengzhou Yipin Xiangshan Phase II		199,610		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		90,087		-		162,402			-
Zhengzhou Century East A		76,579		100.0		100.0		99.6		99.6		1,843,773		0.4		97,027			-
Zhengzhou Century East B		166,288		98.7		100.0		99.6		99.7		473,657		0.1		47,717			-
Henan Xin City		211,075		82.3		94.5		95.5		89.8		43,963,250		10.3		3,464,680			0.6
Henan Thriving Family		131,510		62.0		85.1		92.2		82.6		16,522,658		3.9		8,067,188			1.4
Henan Xin Central I		262,208		-		56.8		-		43.1		-		-		42,862,608			7.2
Zhengzhou Xindo Park		144,431		39.9		55.3		7.8		25.9		6,001,926		1.4		8,035,427			1.4
Xingyang Splendid I		117,264		53.9		75.8		51.3		69.1		6,238,950		1.5		3,281,592			0.6
Xingyang Splendid II		136,916		33.8		50.0		4.4		10.1		709,822		0.2		4,002,380			0.7
Zhengzhou Fancy City I		166,652		-		52.2		-		61.4		-		-		43,721,223			7.4
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(South)		83,409		-		42.6		-		5.6		-		-		3,079,465			0.5
Anhui Segment
Hefei Wangjiang Garden		145,455		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		-		-		-			-
Beijing Segment
Beijing Xindo Park		132,969		90.9		96.9		67.1		79.5		89,496,253		20.9		(1,905,398	)		(0.3	)
Changsha Segment
Changsha Xinyuan Splendid		252,746		56.1		76.2		8.8		35.0		13,020,995		3.0		46,404,819			7.8
Sanya Segment
Sanya Yazhou Bay No.1		116,815		55.5		68.1		7.7		6.6		5,665,725		1.3		3,224,766			0.5
Shanghai Segment
Shanghai Royal Palace		57,778		81.1		96.0		12.0		44.8		27,724,031		6.5		52,865,969			8.9
Xi’an Segment
Xi’an Metropolitan		290,518		-		68.5		-		34.6		-		-		34,626,285			5.8
Tianjin Segment
Tianjin Spring Royal Palace		274,264		-		31.3		-		28.6		-		-		29,312,481			4.9
US Segment
Lennox Project(6)		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		780,000		0.2		-			-
Northern Nevada project(5)		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		750,000		0.2		-			-
New York Oosten Project(7)		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		-		-		10,637,670			1.8
Total		7,998,539										428,135,015		100.0		594,465,950			100.0

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(1) Percentage of completion is calculated by dividing total costs incurred by total estimated costs for the relevant project, estimated as of the time of preparation of our financial statements as of and for the period indicated.

(2) Percentage sold is calculated by dividing contracted sales value from property sales by total estimated sales value of the relevant project, estimated as of the time of preparation of our financial statements as of and for the period indicated.

(3) Percentage of all real estate sales revenues for the financial period, including revenues recognized under the percentage of completion method.

(4) Percentage of all real estate sales revenues for the financial period, including revenues recognized under the percentage of completion method and under the full accrual method.

(5) Northern Nevada project is a land portfolio, comprised of 325 finished lots and 185 acres of undeveloped land, at eight sites, in the northern Nevada region near the Reno-Spark metropolitan area. We have sold all the 325 finished lots and 185 acres of undeveloped land as of December 31, 2015.

(6) Lennox Project is a finished condominium project located in Irvine, California, United States. We acquired 15 units with a total GFA of 2,865 square meters out of the total 72 units from a major U.S. developer in August 2012. We resold several condominium units and recognized revenue in the amount of US$0.8 million in the six months period ended June 30, 2015. We have sold all the15 units as of December 31, 2015.

(7) New York Oosten project is located in Brooklyn, New York, United States and consists of 216 units with a total GFA of 30,855 square meters. For the six months ended 30 June, 2016, we delivered 3 units and recognized revenue in the amount of US$10.6 million.

The following table sets forth the square meters sold and average selling price per square meter by each project, each reportable segment and on a consolidated basis for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016.

15

	For Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015						2016
Project	Contract Sales		Square Meters Sold		Average Selling Price		Contract Sales			Square Meters Sold			Average Selling Price
	US$		m²		US$/m²		US$			m²			US$/m²
Chengdu region
Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid I		547,634		-		-		449,051			-			-
Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid II		-		-		-		-			-			-
Chengdu Thriving Family		19,868,194		21,582		921		35,123,850			41,383			849
Total		20,415,828		21,582		946		35,572,901			41,383			860
Jiangsu region
Suzhou International City Garden		-		-		-		-			-			-
Suzhou Lake Splendid		-		-		-		-			-			-
Suzhou Colorful Garden		-		-		-		-			-			-
Suzhou Xin City		5,143,753		2,683		1,917		1,280,599			430			2,978
Suzhou Lake Royal Palace		47,719,841		32,626		1,463		74,117,246			25,896			2,862
Kunshan International City Garden		-		-		-		261,428			230			1,137
Kunshan Royal Palace		63,087,800		43,107		1,464		111,140,562			53,678			2,071
Xuzhou Colorful Garden		-		-		-		-			-			-
Xuzhou Colorful City		17,704,318		12,587		1,407		7,797,893			4,900			1,591
Total		133,655,712		91,003		1,469		194,597,728			85,134			2,286
Shandong region
Jinan International City Garden		-		-		-		93,280			118			791
Jinan Xinyuan Splendid		20,441,950		14,086		1,451		2,928,039			1,900			1,541
Shandong Royal Palace		31,871,595		31,076		1,026		45,887,616			45,344			1,012
Jinan Xin Central		43,441,146		28,541		1,522		37,142,868			24,401			1,522
Total		95,754,691		73,703		1,299		86,051,803			71,763			1,199
Henan region
Zhengzhou Royal Palace		106,410		224		475		(12,490	)		(52	)		240
Zhengzhou Finance Square		-		-		-		-			-			-
Zhengzhou Modern City		2,186,579		44		49,695		51,540			-			-
Zhengzhou Yipin Xiangshan Phase II		94,898		-		-		95,132			-			-
Zhengzhou Century East A		249,644		-		-		102,693			34			3,020
Zhengzhou Century East B		260,963		-125		-2,088		243,081			(21	)		(11,575	)
Henan Xin City		37,156,018		14,930		2,489		(72,128	)		-			-
Henan Thriving Family		14,829,005		12,889		1,151		329,263			300			1,098
Henan Xin Central I		-		-		-		67,936,684			55,988			1,213
Zhengzhou Xindo Park		15,926,979		10,175		1,565		12,274,936			12,102			1,014
Xingyang Splendid I		7,441,171		8,843		841		2,103,585			2,624			802
Xingyang Splendid II		2,071,721		990		2,093		7,514,888			9,500			791
Zhengzhou Fancy City I		-		-		-		77,195,588			58,600			1,317
Zhengzhou Fancy City II (South)		-		-		-		7,653,580			5,609			1,365
Total		80,323,388		47,970		1,674		175,416,352			144,684			1,212
Beijing region
Beijing Xindo Park		80,912,048		20,290		3,988		(482,168	)		(400	)		1,205
Changsha region
Changsha Xinyuan Splendid		23,434,203		25,562		917		58,845,873			63,794			922
Sanya region
Sanya Yazhou Bay No.1		7,882,807		3,684		2,140		7,392,029			3,982			1,856
Shanghai region
Shanghai Royal Palace		36,211,389		10,521		3,442		52,035,525			12,200			4,265
Xi’an region
Xi’an Metropolitan		-		-		-		49,035,970			47,495			1,032
Tianjin region
Tianjin Spring Royal Palace		-		-		-		95,582,632			81,200			1,177
Grand Total		478,590,066		294,315		1,626		754,048,646			551,235			1,368

The total square meters sold increased to 551,235 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from 294,315 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was mainly due to the ongoing positive momentum of real estate market in the first half year of 2016.

The overall aggregate average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to US$1,368 from US$1,626 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 primarily due to the average selling price of projects with higher GFA sales in the first half year of 2016 is lower.

16

Chengdu region. The square meters in this region sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to 41, 383square meters from 21,582 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to increased sales of Chengdu Thriving Family which was launched in September 2014.

Jiangsu region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to 85,134 square meters from 91,003 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to decreased sales of Suzhou Lake Royal Palace and Xuzhou Colorful City, for which presales were launched -sale in July 2014 and November 2013. The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to US$2,286 from US$1,469 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, which is attributable to the general increase of selling price in Suzhou market.

Shandong region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to 71,763 square meters from 73,703 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to decreased sales of Jinan Xinyuan Splendid which was completed in January, 2016. The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to US$1,199 from US$1,299 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, resulting from the reduction in high margin sales of Jinan Xinyuan Splendid.

Henan region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to 144, 684 square meters from 47,970 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, mainly due to the launch of Henan Xin Central I, Zhengzhou Fancy City I and Zhengzhou Fancy City II (South). The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to US$1,212 from US$1,674 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, resulting from decreased sales of higher-priced commercial space (as compared to residential space) as a percentage of total sales.

Beijing region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to minus 400 square meters from 20,290 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, mainly due to the reduction of saleable units and sales return. The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to US$1,205 from US$3,988 for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Changsha region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to 63,794 square meters from 25,562 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, mainly due to increased sales of Changsha Xinyuan Splendid with the growing polularity  of Changsha real estate market. The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased slightly to US$922 from US$917 for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Sanya region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to 3,982 square meters from 3,684 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased to US$1,856 from US$2,140 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, resulting from the decreased sales of higher-priced commercial space.

Shanghai region. The square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to 12,200 square meters from 10,521 square meters for the six months ended June 30, 2015, mainly due to increased sales of Shanghai Royal Palace which was launched in January 2015. The average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased to US$4,265 from US$3,442 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, resulting from sales of higher-priced commercial space.

Tianjin region. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we commenced sales of our first project in the Tianjin region, Tianjin Spring Royal Palace. Total square meters sold for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was 81,200 square meters and the average selling price per square meter for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was US$1,177.

17

Real estate leasing

Real estate leasing income increased by US$0.2 million to US$3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Real estate management services 

Real estate management aervices increased by US$2.5 million to US$12.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Other revenue

Other revenue increased by US$1.2 million, to US$1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue increased by US$152.9 million, or 45.9%, to US$485.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$332.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, generally in line with our revenue increases.

Cost of real estate sales

Cost of real estate sales increased by US$150.3 million, or 46.8%, to US$471.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$321.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Total land use rights cost increased by US$36.1 million, or 27.1%, from US$133.4 million (41.5% of cost of real estate sales) for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$169.5 million (35.9% of cost of real estate sales) for the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to increased sales of properties. The construction cost, including capitalized interest, increased by US$114.3 million, or 60.9%, to US$302.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$187.8million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Cost of real estate leasing

Cost of real estate leasing increased by US$0.2 million, or 12.5%, to US$1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Cost of real estate management services

Cost of real estate management services increased by US$1.2 million, or 13.5%, to US$10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$8.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Other costs

Other costs increased by US$1.2 million, or 100.0%, to US$2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased by US$17.3 million, or 15.9%, to US$126.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$108.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Gross profit margin was 20.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to 24.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Selling and distribution expenses

Selling and distribution expenses decreased by US$1.7 million, or 9.1%, to US$16.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$18.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to our maintaining strict cost controls. As a percentage of revenue, selling and distribution expenses was 2.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to 4.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2015. As revenue expands in the future, we expect selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of revenue to be flat.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by US$10.8 million, or 24.1%, to US$55.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$44.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses were 9.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to 10.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2015.The increase was primarily due to an increase in salary and welfare expenses as the average level of salary and bonus increased, increased share-based compensation due to additional awards granted in 2016.

18

Interest income

Interest income was US$12.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to US$11.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase in interest income mainly resulted from the increase in the average cash balance.

Interest expenses

For the period ended June 30, 2016, out of total interest costs incurred, US$10.1 million was charged to current year Statement of Comprehensive Income, due to non-qualification of U.S. GAAP interest capitalization rule. Total gross interest costs incurred amounted to US$90.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, including US$86.6 million of interest on loans and notes, US$3.0 million of amortization of debt issuance costs and US$1.1 million of amortization of aircraft finance lease related interest.

For the period ended June 30, 2015, out of total interest costs incurred, US$10.0 million was charged to current year Statement of Comprehensive Income, due to non-qualification of U.S. GAAP interest capitalization rule. Total gross interest costs incurred amounted to US$92.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, including US$88.5 million of interest on loans and notes, US$2.9 million of amortization of debt issuance costs and US$1.1 million of amortization of aircraft finance lease related interest.

Exchange gains

For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, we recorded nil and US$0.2 million unrealized foreign exchange gain, respectively.

Income taxes

Income taxes decreased by US$1.7 million, to US$27.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$28.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

 Our effective income tax rate (“ETR”) was 43.8% in the first six months of 2016 compared to 53.8% in the first six months of 2015. The ETR was different from the statutory tax rate of 25% due to the effects of the LAT, the corporate income tax (“CIT”) benefit of LAT, outside basis differences and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The change in the effective income tax rate is primarily due to a LAT rebate of approximately US$9.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 related to a completed project that was liquidated and settled with the local tax bureaus on favorable terms and a CIT true up reversal of approximately US$1.9 million was recognized due to the decrease of non-deductible expenses, while a non-recurring reversal of LAT liabilities of approximately US$4.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015 related to a completed project that was liquidated and settled with the local tax bureaus on favorable terms and a CIT true up reversal of approximately US$4.6 million was recognized due to the decrease of non-deductible expenses.

Net income attributable to our shareholders

Net income increased by US$10.0 million to US$34.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, from US$24.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

19

Discussion of Segment Operations

We consider each of our individual property developments as a discrete operating segment. As a presentation of segment information for each property development would not be meaningful, we have aggregated our segments on a provincial basis as property development projects undertaken within a province have similar expected economic characteristics, type of properties offered, customers and market and regulatory environment. Our reporting segments are: (i) property developments in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, (ii) property developments in Jinan, Shandong Province, (iii) property developments in Suzhou, Xuzhou and Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, (iv) property developments in Chengdu, Sichuan Province (v) property developments in Beijing, (vi) property developments in Sanya, Hainan Province, (vii) property developments in Changsha, Hunan province, (viii) property developments in Shanghai, (ix) property developments in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, (x) property developments in Tianjin, (xi) property developments in the U.S. and (xii)"other." Each geographic operating segment is principally engaged in the construction and development of residential real estate units. The “other” category relates to investment holdings, property management services, installation of intercom systems, landscaping, engineering and management, real estate sale, purchase and lease activities. The accounting policies of the various segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.

	For Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015			2016
	(US$ in thousands, except for percentages)
Zhengzhou, Henan
Total revenue		83,113			119,553
Total cost of revenue		(56,018	)		(83,659	)
Gross profit		27,095			35,894
Gross margin		32.6	%		30.0	%
Operating income		10,010			14,561
Jinan, Shandong
Total revenue		78,101			70,375
Total cost of revenue		(64,724	)		(58,616	)
Gross profit		13,377			11,759
Gross margin		17.1	%		16.7	%
Operating income		8,595			8,752
Suzhou, Kunshan and Xuzhou, Jiangsu
Total revenue		115,803			202,686
Total cost of revenue		(89,947	)		(165,396	)
Gross profit		25,856			37,290
Gross margin		22.3	%		18.4	%
Operating income		19,943			32,361
Chengdu, Sichuan
Total revenue		15,535			29,814
Total cost of revenue		(13,983	)		(18,114	)
Gross profit		1,552			11,700
Gross margin		10.0	%		39.2	%
Operating income(loss)		(151	)		10,147
Beijing
Total revenue		89,954			(1,386	)
Total cost of revenue		(58,327	)		(11,700	)
Gross profit		31,627			(13,086	)
Gross margin		35.2	%		944.2	%
Operating income(loss)		17,884			(26,215	)
Sanya, Hainan
Total revenue		5,671			3,226
Total cost of revenue		(3,506	)		(2,124	)
Gross profit		2,165			1,102
Gross margin		38.2	%		34.2	%
Operating loss		(1,301	)		(678	)
Changsha, Hunan
Total revenue		13,024			47,149
Total cost of revenue		(11,555	)		(33,555	)
Gross profit		1,469			13,594
Gross margin		11.3	%		28.8	%
Operating income(loss)		(84	)		11,155
Shanghai
Total revenue		27,724			52,878
Total cost of revenue		(24,721	)		(46,647	)
Gross profit		3,003			6,231
Gross margin		10.8	%		11.8	%
Operating income		1,483			5,052
Xi’an, Shaanxi
Total revenue		-			34,631
Total cost of revenue		-			(27,805	)
Gross profit		-			6,826
Gross margin		-			19.7	%
Operating income		-			5,165
Tianjin
Total revenue		1			29,313
Total cost of revenue		-			(19,632	)
Gross profit		1			9,681
Gross margin		100	%		33.0	%
Operating income		(3,980	)		2,081
US
Total revenue		1,530			10,638
Total cost of revenue		(1,243	)		(8,478	)
Gross profit		287			2,160
Gross margin		18.8	%		20.3	%
Operating income(loss)		(2,269	)		516
Others
Total revenue		11,328			13,130
Total cost of revenue		(8,835	)		(10,081	)
Gross profit		2,493			3,049
Gross margin		22.0	%		23.2	%
Operating loss		(4,647	)		(9,224	)

20

Six Months ended June 30, 2016 Compared to Six Months ended June 30, 2015

 Zhengzhou, Henan. Total revenue increased by US$36.5 million, or 43.9%, from US$83.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$119.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to sales of units in Henan Xin Central I, Zhengzhou Fancy City I and Zhengzhou Fancy City II. The gross profit for this region was US$35.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016, representing an increase of US$8.8 million, or 32.5%, as compared to US$27.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating income was US$14.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, representing an increase of US$4.6 million, or 46.0%, from US$10.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015. Such increase was due to the increase in revenues as described above.

Jinan, Shandong. Total revenue decreased by US$7.7million, from US$78.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$70.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The gross profit decreased to US$11.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 from US$13.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating income was US$8.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, from US$8.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Such increase was primarily due to the increase of gross margin.

Suzhou, Kunshan and Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Total revenue increased by US$86.9 million, or 75.0%, from US$115.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$202.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the increase in sales of units in Suzhou Lake Royal Palace and Kunshan Royal Palace. The gross profit for the Jiangsu segment was US$37.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, increasing by US$11.4 million from US$25.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating income was US$32.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, an increase of US$12.5 million, or 62.8%, compared to US$19.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Such increase was due to the increase in revenues as described above.

Chengdu, Sichuan. Total revenue increased by US$14.3 million from US$15.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$29.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the increase in sales of units in Chengdu Thriving Family. The gross profit for the Sichuan segment was US$11.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, an increase of US$10.1 million from US$1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating income was US$10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to an operating loss of US$0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. 

Beijing. Total revenue decreased by US$91.4 million, or 101.6%, from US$90.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to minus US$1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in sellable units of Beijing Xindo Park as the projects were near completion. The gross profit for the Beijing segment was minus US$13.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, decreasing by US$44.7 million from US$31.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating loss was US$26.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, a decrease of US$44.1 million, or 246.4%, compared to US$17.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. 

21

Sanya, Hainan. Total revenue decreased by US$2.5 million, or 43.9%, from US$5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the slow-down of construction. The gross profit for the Sanya segment was US$1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, decreasing by US$1.1 million from US$2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating loss was US$0.7 million for the six months ended June 30,2016, a decrease of US$0.6 million, or 46.2%, compared to US$1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Such increase was due to the decrease in revenues as described above.

Changsha, Hunan. Total revenue increased by US$34.1 million, or 262.3%, from US$13.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$47.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to sales of units in Changsha Xinyuan Splendid. The gross profit for the Changsha segment was US$13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, increasing by US$12.1 million from US$1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating income was US$11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to an operating loss of US$0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Such result was due to the increase in revenues as described above.

Shanghai. Total revenue increased by US$25.2 million, or 91.0%, from US$27.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$52.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to sales of units in Shanghai Royal Palace. The gross profit for the Shanghai segment was US$6.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, increasing by US$3.2 million from US$3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The operating income was US$5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, an increase of US$3.6 million, or 240.0%, compared to US$1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Such increase was due to the increase in revenues as described above.

Xi’an, Shaanxi. Before 2016, the investment in Shaanxi Zhongmao was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. On February 23, 2016, the Company purchased additional 14.98% of the equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao and held a cumulative 65.98% of the equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao, making it a consolidated subsidiary. Total revenue, gross profit and the operating income recognized in the period from February 23, 2016 to June 30, 2016 was US$34.6 million, US$6.8 million and US$5.2 million, respectively.

Tianjin. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we commenced sales of our first project in the Tianjin region, Tianjin Spring Royal Palace. Total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was US$29.3 million. Gross profit was US$9.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and the operating income was US$2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

 The U.S. Total revenue increased by US$9.1 million, or 606.7%, from US$1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 to US$10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the delivery of units in New York Oosten project. This region had a gross profit of US$2.2 million and an operating income of US$0.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Others. Other revenue of US$13.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 consisted of real estate-related services, including property management services, broadband network installation, landscaping services and consulting services. These services generated a gross profit of US$3.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to a gross profit of US$2.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015.

22

Status of Projects as of June 30, 2016

The status of each of our projects under construction and under planning as of June 30, 2016, which were accounted for using the percentage of completion method and full accrual method, is discussed below.

Jinan Xinyuan Splendid

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$1.1 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$559.9 million relative to total estimated cost of US$563.4 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$2.9 million with area sold of 1,900 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,541 per square meter. Sales for this project began in May 2011 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$751.0 million with total area sold of 562, 602 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$758.2 million, or US$715.4 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$563.4 million, generating a gross margin of 21.2%.

Henan Xin City

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$9.9 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$212.2 million relative to total estimated cost of US$224.6 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales reverse of US$0.1 million. Sales for this project began in September 2013 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$325.1 million with total area sold of 206,175 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$362.2 million, or US$341.7 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$224.6 million, generating a gross margin of 34.3%.

Suzhou Xin City

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$17.6 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$112.7 million relative to total estimated cost of US$112.9 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$1.3 million with area sold of 430 square meters at an average selling price of US$2,978 per square meter. Sales for this project began in September 2013 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$175.7 million with total area sold of 127,312 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$175.7 million, or US$166.0 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$112.9 million, generating a gross margin of 32.0%.

Xuzhou Colorful City

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$29.9 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$102.9 million relative to total estimated cost of US$133.3 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$7.8 million with area sold of 4,900 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,591 per square meter. Sales for this project began in November 2013 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$98.7 million with total area sold of 72,470 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$197.8 million, or US$186.7 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$133.3 million, generating a gross margin of 28.6%.

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Kunshan Royal Palace

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$54.8 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$369.8 million relative to total estimated cost of US$402.4 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$111.1 million with area sold of 53, 678 square meters at an average selling price of US$2,071 per square meter. Sales for this project began in November 2013 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$392.9 million with total area sold of 253,126 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$480.5 million, or US$454.1 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$402.4 million, generating a gross margin of 11.4%.

Beijing Xindo Park

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$61.3 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$314.5 million relative to total estimated cost of US$324.5 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales reversal of US$0.5 million. Sales for this project began in February 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$365.5 million with total area sold of 119,069 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$459.9 million, or US$434.1 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$324.5 million, generating a gross margin of 25.2%.

Shandong Royal Palace

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$181.0 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$331.6 million relative to total estimated cost of US$525.7 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$45.9 million with area sold of 45,344 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,012 per square meter. Sales for this project began in June 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$186.2 million with total area sold of 191,886 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$671.2 million, or US$633.3 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$525.7 million, generating a gross margin of 17.0%.

Suzhou Lake Royal Palace

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$103.6 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$280.9 million relative to total estimated cost of US$288.7 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$74.1 million with area sold of 25,896 square meters at an average selling price of US$2,862 per square meter. Sales for this project began in July 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$253.4 million with total area sold of 140,331 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$379.7 million, or US$358.8 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$288.7 million, generating a gross margin of 19.5%.

Henan Thriving Family

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$2.3 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$94.8 million relative to total estimated cost of US$111.4 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$0.3 million with area sold of 300 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,098 per square meter. Sales for this project began June 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$127.4 million with total area sold of 115,310 square meters.

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We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$154.3 million, or US$145.7 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$111.4 million, generating a gross margin of 23.5%.

Xingyang Splendid Phase I

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$14.2 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$52.5 million relative to total estimated cost of US$69.2 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$2.1 million with area sold of 2,624 square meters at an average selling price of US$802 per square meter. Sales for this project began in May 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$59.0 million with total area sold of 75,664 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$85.4 million, or US$80.6 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$69.2 million, generating a gross margin of 14.1%.

Xingyang Splendid Phase II

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$47.0 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$43.2 million relative to total estimated cost of US$86.3 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$7.5 million with area sold of 9,500 square meters at an average selling price of US$791 per square meter. Sales for this project began in December 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$14.5 million with total area sold of 16,716 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$143.7 million, or US$135.7 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$86.3 million, generating a gross margin of 36.4%.

Chengdu Thriving Family

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$230.4 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$270.3 million relative to total estimated cost of US$318.5 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$35.1 million with area sold of 41,383 square meters at an average selling price of US$849 per square meter. Sales for this project began in September 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$88.6 million with total area sold of 105,704 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$381.2 million, or US$360.1 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$318.5 million, generating a gross margin of 11.6%.

Changsha Xinyuan Splendid

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$147.3 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$187.4 million relative to total estimated cost of US$245.9 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$58.8 million with area sold of 63,794 square meters at an average selling price of US$922 per square meter. Sales for this project began in November 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$125.8 million with total area sold of 147,246 square meters.

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We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$359.0 million, or US$338.9 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$245.9 million, generating a gross margin of 27.4%.

Sanya Yazhou Bay No.1

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$108.8 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$123.7 million relative to total estimated cost of US$181.6 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$7.4 million with area sold of 3,982 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,856 per square meter. Sales for this project began in November 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$19.9 million with total area sold of 15,815 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$303.1 million, or US$286.1 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$181.6 million, generating a gross margin of 36.5%.

Shanghai Royal Palace

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$132.9 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$236.8 million relative to total estimated cost of US$246.7 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$52.0 million with area sold of 12,200 square meters at an average selling price of US$4,265 per square meter. Sales for this project began in January 2015 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$132.1 million with total area sold of 36,578 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$294.8 million, or US$278.3 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$246.7 million, generating a gross margin of 11. 4%.

Jinan Xin Central

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$77.4 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$173.5 million relative to total estimated cost of US$275.2 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$37.1 million with area sold of 24,401 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,522 per square meter. Sales for this project began in May 2015 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$135.2 million with total area sold of 91,653 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$366.0 million, or US$345.5 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$275.2 million, generating a gross margin of 20.3%.

Henan Xin Central I

 As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$32.0 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$144.6 million relative to total estimated cost of US$254.6 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$67.9 million with area sold of 55,988 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,213 per square meter. Sales for this project began in April 2015 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$157.7 million with total area sold of 133,408 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$366.2 million, or US$345.7 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$254.6 million, generating a gross margin of 26.4%.

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Zhengzhou Xindo Park

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$54.7 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$73.1 million relative to total estimated cost of US$132.3 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$12.3 million with area sold of 12,102 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,014 per square meter. Sales for this project began in April 2015 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$52.4 million with total area sold of 44,031 square meters..

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$202.3 million, or US$191.0 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$132.3 million, generating a gross margin of 30.7%.

Tianjin Spring Royal Palace

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$30.1 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$80.5 million relative to total estimated cost of US$256.9 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$95.6 million with area sold of 81,200 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,177 per square meter. Sales for this project began in October 2015 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$114.1 million with total area sold of 95,264 square meters..

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$399.4 million, or US$377.0 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$256.9 million, generating a gross margin of 31.9%.

Xi’an Metropolitan

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$197.1 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$248.5 million relative to total estimated cost of US$362.8 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$49.0 million with area sold of 47,495 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,032 per square meter. Sales for this project began in December 2014 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$167.3 million with total area sold of 169,818 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$483.4 million, or US$456.3 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$362.8 million, generating a gross margin of 20.5%.

Zhengzhou Fancy City I

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$1.1 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$83.5 million relative to total estimated cost of US$160.1 million. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$77.2 million with area sold of 58,600 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,317 per square meter. Sales for this project began in October 2015 and cumulative contract sales through June 30, 2016 were US$147.6 million with total area sold of 116,152 square meters.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$240.1 million, or US$226.7 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$160.1 million, generating a gross margin of 29.4%.

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Zhengzhou Fancy City II (South)

As of June 30, 2016, the carrying value of this project was US$38.3 million, net of profit recognized and progress billings. As of June 30, 2016 the cumulative cost incurred on the project was US$42.1 million relative to total estimated cost of US$98.7 million. Sales for this project began in May 2016. In the period ended June 30, 2016, we had contract sales of US$7.7 million with area sold of 5,609 square meters at an average selling price of US$1,365 per square meter.

We estimate that over the full life of the project we will achieve aggregate gross sales revenue of US$136.7 million, or US$129.0 million net of business tax, relative to the total estimated cost of US$98.7 million, generating a gross margin of 23.5%.

Northern Nevada Land Portfolio

As of December 31, 2015, we have sold 325 finished lots and 185 acres of undeveloped land, out of the total 325 finished lots and 185 acres of undeveloped land we purchased through a foreclosure sale from a major U.S. bank in 2012. We recognized revenue of US$0.8 million and US$ nil for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Lennox Project

As of December 31, 2015, we have sold all the 15 units of the project with a total GFA of 2,865 square meters, for a total amount of US$11.1 million.

New York Oosten

As of June 30, 2016, we have delivered three units with a total GFA of 953 square meters out of the total 216 units with a total GFA of 30,855 square meters, for a total of US$10.6 million. We acquired the site in September 2012 and commenced construction of this project in November 2013.

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each reporting period and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates based on our own experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, and our expectations regarding the future based on available information and reasonable assumptions, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.

When reading our financial statements and other financial information, you should consider (i) our selection of critical accounting policies, (ii) the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and (iii) the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements and other financial information.

Revenue recognition

We apply either of two different methods for revenue recognition, full accrual method and percentage-of-completion method, depending on the expected construction period and timing of collection of sales prices.

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Full accrual method

Revenue from sales of development properties where the construction period, the period from the construction permit award date to the unit delivery date, is expected to be 12 months or less, or the construction period is expected to be longer than 12 months and sales prices are not certain to be collected, is recognized by the full accrual method when the sale is consummated and the unit has been delivered. Revenue from and the sale of properties held for sale is recognized by the full accrual method at the time of the closing of an individual unit sale. This occurs when title to the property is transferred to the buyer. A sale is considered to be consummated when(a) the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, (b) all consideration has been exchanged, (c) any permanent financing of which we are responsible has been arranged, (d) all conditions precedent to closing have been performed, (e) the seller does not have substantial continuing involvement with the property, and (f) the usual risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. In addition, the buyer’s initial and continuing investment must be adequate to demonstrate a commitment to pay for the property, and the buyer’s receivable, if any, must not be subject to future subordination. Sales transactions not meeting all the conditions of the full accrual method are accounted for using the deposit method in which all costs are capitalized as incurred, and payments received from the buyer are recorded as a deposit liability.

Percentage of completion method

Revenue and profit from the sale of development properties is recognized by the percentage-of-completion method on the sale of individual units when the following conditions are met:

• Construction is beyond a preliminary stage.

• The buyer is committed to the extent of being unable to require a refund except for non-delivery of the unit.

• Sufficient units have already been sold to assure that the entire property will not revert to rental property.

• Sales prices are collectible.

• Aggregate sales proceeds and costs can be reasonably estimated.

If any of the above criteria is not met, proceeds are accounted for as customer deposits until the criteria are met.

If any of the above criteria is not met, proceeds are accounted for as customer deposits until the criteria are met. During parts of 2011 and 2012 we offered certain homebuyers seller-financing arrangements. All the homebuyers entered into such arrangement were subject to credit verification procedures. In addition, accounts receivable balances are unsecured, but monitored on an ongoing basis via our management reporting procedures. We provided longer payment terms, ranging between six months to two years to particular home buyers after applying strict credit requirements based on our credit policy. In the second half of 2012, execution of seller-financed contracts dropped significantly to the point that we did not offer seller-financed contracts to second home buyers starting in the fourth quarter of 2012. Commencing in the second quarter of 2014, we again offer seller-financed contracts. Under current seller-financed contract arrangements, the buyer pays the purchase price for the residential unit in installment payments over one year. These contracts generally require a 10% down payment upon the contract execution date, the second payment of 20% to 70% within 180 days to 270 days and the final payment 30 days before delivery.

Since 2013, PRC banks have tightened the distributions of mortgage loans to homebuyers. Therefore, mortgage loans for homebuyers have been subject to longer processing periods or even denied by the banks. We took the position that the processing periods of the contracts with underlying mortgage loans exceeding one year cannot be recognized as revenue under the percentage of completion method. As a result, we reversed contracted sales amounts of US$10.7 million related to sales contracts of 77 apartments when determining revenue to be recognized under the percentage of completion method in the period ended June 30, 2016.

Under the percentage of completion method, revenues from units sold and related costs are recognized over the course of the construction period, based on the completion progress of a project. In relation to any project, revenue is determined by calculating the ratio of incurred costs, including land use rights costs and construction costs, to total estimated costs and applying that ratio to the contracted sales amounts. Cost of sales is recognized by determining the ratio of contracted sales during the period to total estimated sales value, and applying that ratio to the incurred costs. Current period amounts are calculated based on the difference between the life-to-date project totals and the previously recognized amounts.

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The effect of changes to total estimated contract cost or revenues, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Revenue recognized to date in excess of amounts received from customers is classified as current assets under real estate properties under development. Amounts received from customers in excess of revenue recognized to date are classified as current liabilities under customer deposits. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the gross amounts received from customers in excess of revenues recognized were US$280.2 million and US$411.6 million, respectively.

Any losses occurred or forecast to occur on real estate transactions are recognized in the period in which the loss is first anticipated.

Income taxes

We account for income tax using the balance sheet method. Deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as unutilized net operating losses. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before we are able to realize their benefits, or that future utilization is uncertain. We assess the need for valuation allowances by tax reporting unit by jurisdiction. Generally, each of our reportable operating segments is organized in a separate tax reporting unit in a single tax jurisdiction.

Interest and penalties arising from underpayment of income taxes is recognized according to the relevant tax law. The amount of interest expense to be recognized is computed by applying the applicable statutory rate of interest to the difference between the tax position recognized and the amount previously taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interest recognized in accordance with ASC 740-10, “Income Tax” (“ASC 740-10”) is classified in the consolidated financial statements as interest expense, while penalties recognized in accordance with this Interpretation are classified in the consolidated financial statements as other expenses.

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740-10, we recognize in our consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position if a tax return’s position or future tax position is “more likely than not” to prevail (defined as a likelihood of more than fifty percent of being sustained upon audit, based on the technical merits of the tax position). Tax positions that meet the “more likely than not” threshold are measured (using a probability weighted approach) at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Our estimated liability for unrecognized tax benefits is periodically assessed for adequacy and may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities, certain changes and/or developments with respect to audits, and expiration of the statute of limitations. The outcome for a particular audit cannot be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of the audit and, in some cases, appeal or litigation process. The actual benefits ultimately realized may differ from our estimates. As each audit is concluded, adjustments, if any, are appropriately recorded in our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, in future periods, changes in facts, circumstances, and new information may require us to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regards to individual tax positions. Changes in recognition and measurement estimates are recognized in the period in which the changes occur.

Please see the more detailed discussion in note 10 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report on Form 6-K.

Share-based compensation

Under ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”, we are required to recognize share-based compensation as compensation expense based on the fair value of stock options and other equity awards on the date of the grant. We have elected to recognize compensation expense using the straight-line method for all restricted shares and stock options granted with service conditions that have a graded vesting schedule. We have a policy of using newly issued shares in the existing pool to satisfy any future exercise of share options and shares repurchased and held by a third party trustee to satisfy the restricted shares granted under our 2014 Restricted Stock Unit plan.

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For options granted with performance conditions, share-based compensation expense is recognized based on the probable outcome of the performance condition. A performance condition is not taken into consideration in determining fair value of the non-vested shares granted.

Real estate properties development completed, under development and held for sale

Real estate properties consist of finished residential unit sites, commercial offices and residential unit sites under development. We lease the land for the residential unit sites under land use right leases with various terms from the PRC. Real estate properties development completed, under development and held for sale are stated at the lower of carrying amounts or fair value less selling costs.

Expenditures for land development, including cost of land use rights, deed tax, pre-development costs and engineering costs, are capitalized and allocated to development projects by the specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales value of units to the estimated total sales value times the total project costs.

Costs of amenities transferred to buyers are allocated as common costs of the project that are allocated to specific units as a component of total construction costs. For amenities retained by us, costs in excess of the related fair value of the amenities are also treated as common costs. Results of operations of amenities retained by us are included in current operating results.

In accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”), real estate property development completed, under development and held for sale are subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets.

When the profitability of a current project deteriorates due to a slowdown in the sales pace, reduction of pricing or some other factor, this indicates that there may be a possible future loss on delivery and possible impairment in the recoverability of the assets. Accordingly, the assets of such project are subsequently reviewed for future losses and impairment by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for the project to the carrying value of such project. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying value, such deficit will be charged as a future loss and the asset will then be written down to its estimated fair value.

We determine estimated fair value primarily by discounting the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset. In estimating the cash flows for a project, we use various factors including (a) the expected pace at which the planned number of units will be sold, based on competitive market conditions, historical trends in sales pace and actual average selling prices of similar product offerings and any other long or short-term economic conditions which may impact the market in which the project is located; (b) the estimated net sales prices expected to be attained based on the current market conditions and historical price trends, as well as any estimated increases in future sales prices based upon the projected rate of unit sales, the estimated time gap between presale and expected delivery, the impact of government policies, the local and regional competitive environment, and certain external factors such as the opening of a subway line, school or factory; and (c) the expected costs to be incurred in the future by us, including, but not limited to, construction cost, construction overhead, sales and marketing, sales taxes and interest costs.

Our determination of fair value requires discounting the estimated cash flows at a rate commensurate with the inherent risk associated with the assets and related estimated cash flows. The discount rate used in determining each project’s fair value depends on the stage of development, location and other specific factors that increase or decrease the risk associated with the estimated cash flows.

The properties held for sale consist of finished lots for single family home communities and custom homes located in Reno, Nevada, U.S., and finished condominium units located in Irvine, California, U.S., which were acquired in the second and third quarter of 2012, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had sold all lots and units.

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Leases

 In accordance with ASC 840, “Leases”, leases are classified at the inception date as either a capital lease or an operating lease. For the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exist: ( a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, (b) there is a bargain purchase option, (c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life or (d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the lessor at the inception date. A capital lease is accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and an incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease.

 On October 23, 2012, we entered into an agreement with Minsheng Hongtai (Tianjin) Aircraft Leasing Co., Ltd. to lease a corporate aircraft. The lease meets the transfer-of-ownership criterion and is classified as capital lease. The capital lease is measured at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance expenses in the statement of comprehensive income. A leased asset is amortized in a manner consistent with the Company’s normal depreciation policy for owned assets.

All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred. Certain lease arrangements contain escalation clauses.

Treasury Shares

We accounted for shares repurchased as treasury shares at cost in accordance to ASC Subtopic 505-30 (“ASC 505-30”), “ Treasury Shares ”. Those shares are shown separately in the Shareholders’ Equity as we have not yet decided on the ultimate disposition of the shares acquired. When we decide to retire the treasury shares, the difference between the original issuance price and the repurchase price may be allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings.

On May 26, 2011, our Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$10 million of our shares within 12 months of the approval date. On June 19, 2012, we announced the approval of the repurchase of an additional US$20 million within 24 months of the approval date. On July 12, 2013, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$60 million of our shares from the approval date to July 5, 2015. On December 28, 2015, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$40 million of the Company’s shares from the approval date to the end of 2017. The Board of Directors also agreed to review our share repurchase program periodically and to adjust the amount authorized for repurchase as necessary. On September 19, 2013, 12,000,000 out of our treasury shares were issued to TPG Asia as part of the TPG private placement and we received gross proceeds of approximately US$32.88 million from the issuance of the common shares. As of June 30, 2016, we had a balance of 23,512,984 treasury shares amounting to US$45,262,256.

Debt Securities

On May 3, 2013, we issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 (the "May 2018 Senior Secured Notes") at a coupon rate of 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013. The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes have a final maturity date of May 3, 2018. Given that the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it have been classified as other long-term debt. We have evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC815 " Derivatives and Hedging ". The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes. The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

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On December 6, 2013, we issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 (the "June 2019 Senior Secured Notes") at a coupon rate of 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes have a final maturity date of June 7, 2019. Given that the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it have been classified as other long-term debt. We have evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC815. The embedded optional redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

In February 2015, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, we amended the May 2018 and June 2019 Indentures (collectively, known as the “Indentures”) to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include changes: (i) to incur additional Indebtedness (as defined in the Indentures) in furtherance of the our business plans; (ii) make certain Restricted Payments (as defined in the Indentures) and Permitted Investments (as defined in the Indentures); and (iii) make certain deemed Investments (as defined in the Indentures) without having to satisfy the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Indentures) requirement. The amendments also amend (i) the “Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries” covenant in the Indentures to the extent that we believe necessary as a result of the amendments to other covenants and (ii) the “Limitation on Asset Sales” covenant in the Indentures to remove the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement for Asset Dispositions (as defined in the Indentures). The amendments also amended certain related definitions in the Indentures. The Company accounted for the amendments, which did not result in a debt extinguishment pursuant to ASC 470-50, Debt – Modifications and Exchanges.

In February 2016, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, we amended the Indentures to give us additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include: (i) amending the provisions relating to future Subsidiary Guarantors, JV Subsidiary Guarantors and pledged subsidiary Capital Stock (each, as defined in the Indentures); (ii) amending the “Limitation on Indebtedness and Preferred Stock” covenant; (iii) amending the “Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates” covenant and the provisions relating to “Designation of Restricted Subsidiaries and Unrestricted Subsidiaries”; (iv) amending the definition of “Permitted Investment” and the “Limitation on Restricted Payments” covenant; and (v) removing the “Limitation on the Company’s Business Activities” covenant and amend the related definitions and provisions. The amendments also clarify certain other provisions in the Indentures.

On December 28, 2015, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the first tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$154 million due on December 28, 2020 (the "First Tranche Bonds") at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on December 28 of each year, commencing December 28, 2015.

On January 27, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the second tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$107 million due on January 27, 2021 (the “Second Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.47% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on January 27 of each year, commencing January 27, 2016.

On March 14, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the third tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$77 million due on March 14, 2021 (the “Third Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.09% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on March 14 of each year, commencing March 14, 2016. these three tranches of onshore corporate bonds were issued at par.

Given that these three tranches of onshore corporate bonds is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the First Tranche Bonds under the requirements of ASC 815 "Derivatives and Hedging". These three tranches of onshore corporate bonds were issued at par. Upon the third anniversary of the issuance of each tranche of bonds, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate Ltd may increase the applicable coupon rate and the holders have the right within a specified time period to require the Company to repurchase the bonds following the Company’s announcement of whether it intends to increase the interest rate.

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For additional information regarding the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, and onshore corporate bonds, see "B. Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt Securities Issued in 2013 - May 2018 Senior Secured Notes," and "- June 2019 Senior Secured Notes," and - "Onshore Corporate Bonds" below.

Effect of change in estimate

 Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to percentage of completion revenues are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, real estate development projects (Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid I, Chengdu Thriving Family, Suzhou Lake Royal Palace, Kunshan Royal Palace, Zhengzhou Xin City, Beijing Xindo Park, Xi’an Metropolitan, Henan Xin Central I , Zhengzhou Fancy City I, Tianjin Spring Royal Palace), which recognized gross profits in 2015, had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As of June 30, 2016, each of these projects has a percentage of completion at 31.3% or more. As the unit sales and selling prices were on an upward trend during the six months ended June 30, 2016, we revised upwards our prior estimates related to selling prices and total estimated sales values in conjunction with the change in total estimated costs, which led to a decrease of the percentage sold and thus a decrease in the recognized costs. As a result of the changes in estimate above, gross profit, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share increased by US$18.7 million, US$14.0 million, US$0.10 per share, US$0.10 per share, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the effective date (“ASU 2015-14”). The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers issued in May 2014. According to the amendments in ASU 2015-14, the new revenue guidance ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Group is currently evaluating the method of adoption to be utilized and it cannot currently estimate the financial statement impact of adoption.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which illustrates certain guidance governing adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. Such adjustments are required when new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement amounts initially recognized or would have resulted in the recognition of additional assets and liabilities. ASU No. 2015-16 eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for such adjustments. ASU No. 2015-16 is effective for the fiscal year commencing after December 15, 2016. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes-Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). The amendments in this update simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in ASU 2015-17 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of the guidance is not expected to have significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”) which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customers. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, with the option to adopt it in the first quarter of 2017. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”) to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, an option to recognize gross share-based compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2017, and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

A principal factor affecting our results of operations and our growth is the acquisition of land and land use rights in target markets. Under current regulations and market practice, land use rights for residential development purposes in the PRC may be acquired from local governments through a competitive auction or other bidding process. These competitive auctions and bidding processes are typically announced 20 days before they are about to take place. To participate in these auctions, we are required to make a minimum deposit of 20-50% of the opening auction price in cash. If we are successful on our bids, we are also generally required to remit the remaining purchase price within one to six months of the auction. Further, under current regulations we are not permitted to borrow money from local banks to fund land purchases. As a result we have to fund land purchases either from cash flows from project sales or from financing transactions in foreign markets which have been and continue to be relatively expensive and not easily accessible. Our failure to obtain adequate financing in a timely manner could severely adversely (1) restrict our ability to complete existing projects, expand our business, or repay our debts and (2) affect our financial performance and condition.” As a result of our activities in the U.S. market, we also require adequate U.S. dollar financing for our U.S. operations, primarily through back-to-back loan arrangements with our subsidiaries (which is subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuation and regulatory risk).

 In addition to our land acquisitions, we expect to incur material project development costs on the acquired land. Our cash needs can only be partially satisfied by construction loans and future cash flows from real estate projects under development in the upcoming fiscal year. To ensure that we have sufficient funds to secure attractive land parcels and cover material project development costs, which are vital to our growth strategy, we have chosen to maintain a certain level of cash reserves on hand. In addition, we are required to maintain restricted cash deposits by banks that provide loans to us and our customers. The amount of the restricted cash deposits will vary based on the amount of the related loans. As of June 30, 2016, approximately US$482.1 million, or 53.6% of our total cash balance reserve, were restricted cash.

In 2014, we entered into one framework cooperation agreement with a local government and paid advances in the aggregate amount of US$209.2 million. These advances have been or will be deducted from land cost if we succeed in auction bids. A total US$131.5 million of advance payments related to land parcels we successfully acquired were transferred to land cost, including payments for three parcels of land in Xingyang for the amount of US$27.1 million and two parcels of land in Xi’an for the amount of US$104.4 million. In 2015, we acquired six parcels in Zhengzhou City and Tianjin City for aggregate land costs of approximately US$232.9 million. In the six months ended June 30, 2016, we acquired two parcels in Zhengzhou City for aggregate land costs of approximately US$63.4 million.

From 2013, we started to acquire parcels of land by acquisitions of the equity interests of companies holding land. In 2014, we purchased two parcels of land in Sanya City and Shanghai City through acquisition of local real estate companies for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$58.3 million and US$149.4 million, respectively. In 2015, we acquired one parcel in Jinan City through the acquisition of one company for consideration of US$16.2 million.

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We have and will continue to closely monitor our cash flow position to support our operations. We believe we manage land acquisition activities in a rational manner to control land expenditure and achieve reasonable profit of each project investment. We also closely monitor collection of accounts receivable, and obtain funds through a variety of both domestic and overseas financing activities to provide a solid cash flow position for sustainable development.

Cash Flows

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015			2016
	(US$ in thousands)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities		(221,390	)		16,479
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		(40,738	)		2,673
Net cash provided by financing activities		282,118			15,021
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		19,990			34,173
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(641	)		(4,872	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		140,495			387,528
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		159,844			416,829

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was US$16.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily attributable to a decrease in other deposits and prepayments of US$29.4 million, a decrease in other receivables of US$119.5 million, US$34.7 million in net income, partially offset by an increase in deposits for land use right of US$41.4 million, an increase in amounts due to related parties of US$58.2 million, an increase in accounts payable of US$49.8 million. 

Net cash used in operating activities was US$221.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily attributable to an increase in real estate property under development of US$377.2 million, an increase in other deposits and prepayments of US$65.8 million, partially offset by US$24.7 million in net income, a decrease in deposits for land use right of US$136.1 million and an increase in customer deposits of US$45.2 million.  The operational reason of the negative cash flows from operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily due to more acquisition of land parcels. We will rely on the external financing to meet our cash requirements and maintain our operations. We have assessed the continued anticipated availability of external financing

Proceeds from pre-sales of our properties under development are an important source of cash flow for our operations. PRC law allows us to pre-sell properties before their completion upon satisfaction of certain requirements and requires us to use the pre-sales proceeds to develop the particular project pre-sold. The amount and timing of cash flows from pre-sales are affected by a number of factors, including restrictions on pre-sales imposed by PRC law, market demand for our properties subject to pre-sales, prices at which we can pre-sell and the number of properties we have available for pre-sale. Any pre-sales payments we receive before we recognize revenue are recorded as current liabilities under customer deposits. At June 30, 2015 and 2016, we recorded current liabilities consisting of customer deposits of US$152.6 million and US$63.8 million, respectively. We actively market pre-sales of our properties in accordance with regulations to accelerate cash in flow to the extent possible.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was US$2.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016, and was mainly attributable to the acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired of US$15.1 million, partially offset by acquisition of other equity method investments of US$11.5 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was US$40.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015, and was mainly attributable to the acquisition of other long-term investment of US$32.6 million and purchase of available-for-sale securities of US$6.1 million.

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Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was US$15.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016, and was primarily attributable to the proceeds from short-term, long-term bank loans and short-term, long-term other debt in the aggregate of US$704.6 million, partially offset by repayment of short-term and long-term bank loans and short-term, long-term other debt in the aggregate of US$544.6 million, an increase in restricted cash of US$111.2 million, and dividend distributions of US$7.0 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was US$282.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015, and was primarily attributable to the proceeds from short-term, long-term bank loans and short-term, long-term other debt in the aggregate of US$601.0 million, an decrease in restricted cash of US$87.4 million, partially offset by repayment of short-term and long-term bank loans and short-term, long-term other debt in the aggregate of US$392.9 million and dividend distributions of US$7.4 million.

Bank Borrowings and other debt

Bank borrowings and other debt are an important source of funding for our property developments. Our borrowings as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively, were as follows.

	As of December 31, 2015		As of June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
Short-term bank loans and other debt		222,226,246		226,678,954
Long-term bank loans		13,859,800		51,021,927
Other long-term debt		897,503,703		892,098,022
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt		594,834,196		809,094,078
Total		1,728,423,945		1,978,892,981

As of December 31, 2015, and June 30, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on our short-term bank loans was 1.71% and 2.42%, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, US$24.1 million of the short-term bank loans were denominated in Renminbi and are secured by certain property certificates and real estate under development. The remaining US$202.6 million was denominated in U.S. dollars and was secured by the equivalent amount of RMB bank deposit.

As of December 31, 2015, and June 30, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on our long-term bank loans, including their current portion, was 7.23% and 4.91%, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, US$18.1 million of the long-term bank loans were denominated in Renminbi and were secured by associated land use rights, real estate under development, and restricted cash. The remaining US$32.9 million was denominated in U.S. dollars and was secured by the equivalent amount of RMB bank deposit.

Since June 2003, commercial banks have been prohibited under PBOC guidelines from advancing loans to fund the payment of land use rights. In addition, the PRC government also encourages property developers to use internal funds to develop their property projects. Under guidelines jointly issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development and other PRC government authorities in August 2004, commercial banks in China are not permitted to lend funds to property developers with an internal capital ratio, calculated by dividing the internal funds available by the total capital required for the project, of less than 35%. These internal capital ratio requirements have limited the amount of bank financing that property developers, including us, are able to obtain.

Pursuant to the agreements with Cinda Asset Management Corporation, this other long-term debt is secured by our 100% equity interest of Henan Xinyuan. Per the agreements, from February 28, 2014 to November 28, 2015, each of Shandong Xinyuan and Henan Wanzhuo, respectively, needed to make quarterly payments to repay the outstanding principal amount and related interest expense. This debt was repaid on November 28, 2015.

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Senior Secured Notes

Our obligations under the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes and June 2019 Senior Secured Notes and the indentures governing the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes and the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes (the “May 2018 Indenture”, and the “June 2019 Indenture”, respectively) have been guaranteed initially by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited, Elite Quest Holdings Limited and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the "Subsidiary Guarantors") and will be guaranteed by such other of our future subsidiaries as set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the applicable debt instrument. Our obligations under the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes and the May 2018 Indenture and the June 2019 Indenture are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. and Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., and the obligations of Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. as a Subsidiary Guarantor, are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited and Elite Quest Holdings Limited.

In February 2015, pursuant to a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, we amended the Indentures to give us additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include amendments that allow us to: (i) incur additional Indebtedness (as defined in the Indentures) in furtherance of our business plans; (ii) make certain Restricted Payments (as defined in the Indentures) and Permitted Investments (as defined in the Indentures); and (iii) make certain deemed Investments (as defined in the Indentures) without having to satisfy the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Indentures) requirement. The amendments also amend (i) the “Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries” covenant in the Indentures to the extent that we believe necessary as a result of the amendments to other covenants and (ii) the “Limitation on Asset Sales” covenant in the Indentures to remove the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement for Asset Dispositions (as defined in the Indentures). The amendments also amended certain related definitions in the Indentures.

In February 2016, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, we amended the Indentures to give us additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include: (i) amending the provisions relating to future Subsidiary Guarantors, JV Subsidiary Guarantors and pledged subsidiary Capital Stock (each, as defined in the Indentures); (ii) amending the “Limitation on Indebtedness and Preferred Stock” covenant; (iii) amending the “Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates” covenant and the provisions relating to “Designation of Restricted Subsidiaries and Unrestricted Subsidiaries”; (iv) amending the definition of “Permitted Investment” and the “Limitation on Restricted Payments” covenant; and (v) removing the “Limitation on the Company’s Business Activities” covenant and amend the related definitions and provisions. The amendments also clarify certain other provisions in the Indentures.

The Indentures, as amended, continue to contain certain covenants that, among others, restrict our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries (as defined in the applicable Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes or the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, as applicable, or other assets, to make certain other payments and to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the our common shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and the satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the applicable Indenture) of 2.75 to 1.0 (reduced from 3.0 to 1.0 effective February 2016). Certain of these limitations, including restrictions on the incurrence of certain indebtedness or issuances of preferred stock, the making of certain payment or investments, payments of dividends, and sales of assets will be suspended if the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes or the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, as applicable, obtain and retain an investment grade rating.

Additional information regarding the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes is set forth below.

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May 2018 Senior Secured Notes

The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes bear interest at 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013. The final maturity date of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is May 3, 2018.

We may redeem the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 106.6250% of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date, during the 12 month period commencing on May 3, 2016 or at a redemption price equal to 103.3125% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any to (but excluding) the redemption date, during the 12 month period commencing on May 3, 2017.

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, we had the right at our option to redeem the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. "Applicable Premium" means with respect to any Senior Note due 2018 at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on May 3, 2016, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through May 3, 2016 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the 2018 Senior Note Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113.25% the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes issued on May 3, 2013 remain outstanding after each such redemption.

Following any Change of Control Triggering Event, we must make an offer to purchase all outstanding May 2018 Senior Secured Notes at a purchase price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any to (but not including) the offer to purchase payment date. A "Change of Control Triggering Event" means the occurrence of both a Change of Control (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) and specified decline in the ratings of the Senior Notes within six month after the date of public notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control or the intention by us or any other person to effect a Change of Control.

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes

On December 6, 2013, we issued an aggregate principal amount of US$200 million of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes bear interest at 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes have a five and a half year term maturing on June 6, 2019.

We may redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 106.5% of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date, during the 12 month period commencing on June 6, 2017 or at a redemption price equal to 103.25% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any to (but excluding) the redemption date, during the 12 month period commencing on June 6, 2018.

At any time prior to June 6, 2017, we may at our option redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on June 6, 2017, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through June 6, 2017 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

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At any time prior to June 6, 2017, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes issued on December 6, 2013 remain outstanding after each such redemption.

Following any Change of Control Triggering Event, we must make an offer to purchase all outstanding June 2019 Senior Notes at a purchase price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any to (but not including) the offer to purchase payment date. A “Change of Control Triggering Event” means the occurrence of both a Change of Control (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) and specified decline in the ratings of the Notes within six month after the date of public notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control or the intention by us or any other person to effect a Change of Control.

Onshore Corporate Bonds

On December 28, 2015, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the First Tranche Bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$154 million due on December 28, 2020 at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on December 28 of each year, commencing December 28, 2015. Given that First Tranche Bonds is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the First Tranche Bonds under the requirements of ASC 815 "Derivatives and Hedging ". The First Tranche Bonds were issued at par. On January 27, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the Second Ttranche Bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$107 million due on January 27, 2021 at a coupon rate of 7.47% per annum payable annually. On March 14, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the Third Tranche Bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$77 million due on March 14, 2021 at a coupon rate of 7.09% per annum payable annually.

Upon the third anniversary of the issuance of each tranche of bonds, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd may increase the applicable coupon rate and the holders have the right within a specified time period to require the company to repurchase the bonds following the company's announcement of whether it intends to increase the interest rate.

The bonds contain restrictions on certain business activities of Xinyuan (China) Real Estate Ltd. when in default on payment of interest or principal, including , among others, limitations on distributions of net income, limitations on certain expenditures, or business combination transactions.

Capital Expenditures

In the six months ended June 30, 2016, our capital expenditures were US$13.7 million, compared to US$36.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015. Our capital expenditures in the six months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2016 were mainly used for capital contributions to other long-term investment, building improvements, purchase of vehicles, fixtures and furniture and computer network equipment and accumulation of properties held for lease related to newly completed projects. The source of our capital expenditures is primarily the cash flow generated from operating activities.

As of June 30, 2016, we had outstanding commitments with respect to non-cancelable construction contracts for real estate development in the amount of US$516.5 million.

C. Research and Development, Patent and Licenses, etc.

Not applicable.

40

D. Trend Information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Report on Form 6-K, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2016 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As is customary in the property industry in China, we provide guarantees to commercial banks in respect of the mortgage loans they extend to our customers prior to the issuance of their property ownership certificates. These guarantees remain outstanding until the completion of the registration of the mortgage with the relevant mortgage registration authorities. In most cases, guarantees for mortgages on residential properties are discharged when we submit the individual property ownership certificates and certificates of other interests in the property to the mortgagee bank. In our experience, the application for and issuance of the individual property ownership certificates typically takes 6 to 12 months, so the guarantee periods typically last for up to 6 to 12 months after we deliver the related property.

As of June 30, 2016, we guaranteed mortgage loans in the aggregate outstanding amount of US$1,680.6 million.

We generally pre-sell properties prior to the completion of their construction. Sales contracts are executed during the pre-sales period and mortgages are generally executed within 30 days after the buyer signs the sales contract.

The pre-sales period begins upon receipt of a government permit which is issued soon after groundbreaking on a given phase of the project. The period from groundbreaking to delivery consists of building construction, landscaping, municipal government inspections and issuance of a certificate of occupancy. This “delivery period” will generally range from one to two years. The buyers only request the government to record buyer ownership in their official records after the delivery period is completed. Typically, the government will provide certificates of ownership six to 12 months after being requested to record. Therefore, the total elapsed time between our receipt of mortgage proceeds and the buyer’s receipt of an ownership certificate can range from one and a half years to three years.

Due to the time lag above, our mortgage guarantees will exceed the real estate balances at any given point in time.

We paid US$0.1 million and US$1.1 million to satisfy guarantee obligations related to customer defaults for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of the guarantees is not significant and we consider that in case of default in payments, the net realizable value of the related properties can cover the repayment of the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty and therefore, no provision has been made for the guarantees in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Except for the contingent liabilities set forth above, we have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities, derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Other than as described above, there are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have effect on our financial position.

We have no obligation arising out of a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us, or that engages in leasing, hedging, or research and development arrangements with us.

41

F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2016, our contractual obligations amounted to US$ 2,859.8 million, primarily arising from contracted construction costs or other capital commitments for future property developments and debt obligations. The following table sets forth our contractual obligations for the periods indicated.

	Payments due by period
	Total		less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		more than 5 years
	(US$ in thousands)
Long-term debt obligations:
long-term bank loans		51,022		-		51,022		-		-
interest on long-term bank loans(1)		3,837		1,610		2,227		-		-
Other long-term debt		892,098		-		502,329		389,769		-
interest on other long-term debt(2)		259,105		85,968		130,525		42,612		-
current portion of long-term bank loan and other debt		809,094		809,094		-		-		-
interest on current portion of long-term bank loan and other debt(1)		60,420		60,420		-		-		-
Short-term debt obligations
short-term bank loans		226,679		226,679		-		-		-
interest on short-term debt obligations (3)		1,315		1,315		-		-		-
Operating lease obligations		14,115		5,588		7,562		965
Non-cancellable construction contract obligations		516,458		295,095		178,536		42,827		-
Financing lease obligations(4)		25,646		5,130		10,258		10,258		-
Total		2,859,789		1,490,899		882,459		486,431		-

(1) Our long-term bank loans, including current portion, bear variable interest at rates adjustable based on the PBOC benchmark rate. Interest on long-term loans, including current portion, is calculated based on the current interest rate of each loan, ranging from 1.88% to 5.70% per annum, using the PBOC benchmark rate of 4.75% as of June 30, 2016 or Libor benchmark rates in the following years.

(2) Interest on other long-term debt is calculated based on the interest rates for relevant loans, ranging from 4.5% plus 1 month LIBOR to 13.25% per annum.

(3) Interest on short-term loans is calculated based on the interest rates for relevant loans, at a rate of ranging from 1.20% to 11.00% per annum.

(4) In 2012, one of our subsidiaries entered into a capital lease agreement to lease an aircraft as described further below.

42

We have projected cash flows for each of our existing projects, considering a number of factors, including the relative stage of each of our projects under construction and our projects under planning and the demand for and the average selling prices of our projects. For any given project, we use cash early in the project life and generate cash later in the project life. Costs for land acquisition, site preparation, foundation, and early above-ground framing are all incurred before we obtain licenses from local governing authorities to enter into pre-sales activity. The construction of many of our projects is carried-out in phases, the timing of which is primarily determined by us based on the pace of the market demand for units in the project. Accordingly, after receiving the pre-sale permits relating to a project, we are in a better position to manage some of our construction activities to coincide with the timing of expected pre-sales. During 2013, we acquired one parcel of land in Suzhou for the amount US$159.1 million. During 2014, we acquired three parcels of land in Jinan, Chengdu and Changsha in the amount of US$196.3 million, US$152.6 million and US$111.5 million, respectively. During 2015, we acquired six parcels of land in Zhengzhou and Tianjin City for aggregate land costs of approximately US$232.9 million. In the six months ended June 30, 2016, we acquired four parcels of land in Zhengzhou, Kunshan and New York for aggregate land costs of approximately US$190.9 million.

Starting in 2013, we adopted a negotiated land acquisition model. We entered into two framework cooperation agreements with local governments in 2013, one such agreements in 2014, nil such agreement in 2015, nil such agreement in the first half year of 2016, all with local governments, relating to prospective land parcel planning and preparation, pursuant to which we paid advances in the aggregate amount of US$333.1 million, US$209.2 million, US$83.4 million and US$40.8 milliion respectively. These advances have been or will be transfer to land cost through our success in auction bids. In 2013, we chose not to participate in the bidding for one parcel of land in Jiangsu Province through this negotiated land acquisition model; the advance payment and related interest of US$28.6 million were refunded to us, and total US$92.3 million of the advance payments related to the other land parcels successfully acquired were transferred to land cost, including three parcels of land in Xingyang for the amount of US$39.7 million and two parcels of land in Zhengzhou of US$52.6 million. In 2014, a total of US$131.5 million of advance payments related to the land parcels successfully acquired were transferred to land cost, including payments related to three parcels of land in Xingyang for the amount of US$27.1 million and two parcels of land in Xi’an for the amount of US$104.4 million. In 2015, a total of US$232.9 million of advance payments related to the remaining land parcels successfully acquired were transferred to land cost, including four parcels of land in Zhengzhou for the amount of US$180.7 million and two parcels of land in Tianjin for US$52.2 million. In the six months ended June 30, 2016, we paid advances in the aggregate amount of US$63.4 million of advance payments related to the land parcels successfully acquired were transferred to land cost, including payments related to two parcels of land in Zhengzhou for the amount of US$63.4 million.

In 2013, we started to acquire parcels of land by acquisitions of equity interests in companies holding land. In 2013, we purchased one parcel of land in Kunshan through acquisition of a local real estate company for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$93.1 million. In 2014, we purchased two parcels of land in Sanya City and Shanghai City through acquisition of local real estate companies for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$58.3 million US$149.4 million, respectively. In 2015, we purchased one parcel of land in Jinan City through acquisition of local real estate companies for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$16.2 million.

On October 23, 2012, Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Xinyuan"), one of our subsidiaries, entered into a capital lease agreement with Minsheng Hongtai (Tianjin) Aviation Leasing Co., Ltd. ("Minsheng") to lease an aircraft. Pursuant to the agreement, Minsheng purchased a Gulf 450 from Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation and leased the aircraft to Henan Xinyuan for a term of 96 months starting from September 12, 2013. We measured a capital lease asset and capital lease obligation at an amount equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments during the lease term, excluding the portion of the payments representing executory costs (such as insurance, maintenance, and taxes to be paid by the lessor) as well as any profit thereon. As of June 30, 2016, we are contractually committed to pay the amount of US$25.6 million.

43

 During 2013, we issued approximately US$475.76 million aggregate principal amount of debt securities in three separate transactions. On May 3, 2013, we issued US$200 million aggregate principal amount of May 2018 Senior Secured Notes that bear interest at a rate of 13.25% per annum . On September 19, 2013 we issued the Convertible Note in the aggregate principal amount of approximately US$75.76 million together with 12,000,000 common shares for aggregate proceeds to us of approximately US$106 million. The Convertible Note bore interest at a rate of 5% per annum. On December 6, 2013, we issued US$200 million aggregate principal amount of June 2019 Senior Secured Notes that bear interest at a rate of 13% per annum. On November 21, 2014, we redeemed the Convertible Note in full. The total cash redemption amount (including the principal, accrued interest up to and including November 21, 2014 and loss on extinguishment of debt amounted to US$86.27 million. On December 28, 2015, our subsidiary, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued US$154 million aggregate principal amount of First Tranche Bonds that bear interest at a rate of 7.5% per annum. On January 27, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the Second Tranche Bonds that bear interest at a rate of 7.47% per annum. On March 14, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the Third Tranche Bonds that bear interest at a rate of 7.09% per annum. Upon the third anniversary of the issuance of each tranche of bonds, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd may increase the applicable coupon rate and the holders have the right within a specified time period to require the company to repurchase the bonds following the company's announcement of whether it intends to increase the interest rate.

We believe our cash on hand, projected cash flow from operations, available construction loan borrowing capability, and potential access to capital markets, should be sufficient to meet our expected cash requirements, including our non-cancellable construction contract obligations and corporate aircraft capital lease obligations that are due on various dates through December 31, 2016, US$200 million principal amount of our May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due in May 2018, US$200 million principal amount of our June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due in June 2019 and forXinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. to satisfy its obligations under the First, Second and Third Tranche Bonds. 

Our ability to secure sufficient financing for land use rights acquisition and property development depends on internal cash flows in addition to a number of other factors that are not completely under our control, including lenders’ perceptions of our creditworthiness, market conditions in the capital markets, investors’ perception of our securities, the PRC economy and the PRC government regulations that affect the availability and cost of financing for real estate companies or property purchasers and the U.S. economy and recovery of the U.S. real estate markets.

There can be no assurance that our internally generated cash flow and external financing will be sufficient for us to meet our contractual and financing obligations in a timely manner. We may require additional cash due to changing business conditions or other future developments, including any decline in cash flow from operations or any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. In the event that proceeds from the sale of units for a project are insufficient to meet our contractual and financing obligations, we would need to raise the required funds through new borrowings, refinancing of existing borrowings, public or private sales of equity securities, or a combination of one or more of the above. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain adequate funding in a timely manner and on reasonable terms, or at all.

44

XML

Document and Entity Information	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Entity Central Index Key	0001398453
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Document Type	6-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 416,829,316	$ 387,528,092
Restricted cash	482,125,017	363,137,210
Short-term investments	32,398,227	1,244,646
Accounts receivable	17,228,400	42,040,320
Other receivables	28,330,996	147,651,234
Deposits for land use rights	49,764,748	46,199,335
Other deposits and prepayments	261,491,522	254,048,288
Advances to suppliers	55,850,055	50,534,250
Real estate properties development completed	21,987,023	24,076,559
Real estate properties under development (including real estate properties under development of the consolidated variable interest entities ("Consolidated VIEs") to be used only to settle obligations of the Consolidated VIEs of US$321,477,961 and US$142,322,586 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	2,082,679,555	1,887,321,801
Amounts due from related party	45,590,748	58,630,172
Amounts due from employees	1,871,777	350,919
Other current assets	115,218	200,891
Total current assets	3,496,262,602	3,262,963,717
Real estate properties held for lease, net	68,663,976	71,132,582
Deposits for land use rights	78,417,179	107,798,448
Property and equipment, net	36,777,883	39,323,322
Other long-term investment	31,107,552	31,107,552
Investment in joint ventures	11,008,678	6,124,827
Deferred tax assets	28,806,865	15,488,557
Other assets	13,311,625	14,944,179
TOTAL ASSETS	3,764,356,360	3,548,883,184
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and notes payable (including accounts payable and notes payable of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$51,564,352 and US$42,669,182 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	457,770,011	471,175,849
Short-term bank loans and other debt (including short-term bank loans and other debt of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of nil and US$12,064,181 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	226,678,954	222,226,246
Customer deposits (including customer deposits of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$11,510,875 and US$17,335,514 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	63,832,972	64,451,511
Income tax payable (including income tax payable of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$9,011,064 and US$10,105,126 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	98,036,514	106,034,490
Deferred tax liabilities	44,369,136	57,692,275
Other payables and accrued liabilities (including other payables and accrued liabilities of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$9,884,086 and US$12,096,352 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	105,786,177	106,126,369
Payroll and welfare payable (including payroll and welfare payable of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$2,017,480 and US$276,353 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	8,787,655	22,966,053
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt (including current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$122,890,230 and US$125,015,080 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	809,094,078	594,834,196
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	3,001,999	3,065,612
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests (including mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$615,991 and US$452,407 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	1,206,418	2,309,967
Amounts due to related party	15,080,227	0
Total current liabilities	1,833,644,141	1,650,882,568
Long-term bank loans	51,021,927	13,859,800
Deferred tax liabilities	20,711,472	13,500,239
Unrecognized tax benefits	18,081,473	17,842,283
Other long-term debt (including other long-term debt of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$65,603,055 and nil as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	892,098,022	897,503,703
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	16,548,786	18,111,007
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests (including mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests of the Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$615,991 and US$452,407 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, respectively)	452,407	1,231,982
Total liabilities	2,832,558,228	2,612,931,582
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity
Common shares, US$0.0001 par value: Authorized-500,000,000; shares issued and outstanding- 133,417,607 shares as of June 30, 2016 (December 31, 2015: 142,802,936 shares)	15,935	15,835
Treasury shares	(45,262,256)	(24,045,440)
Additional paid-in capital	533,954,918	531,233,336
Statutory reserves	79,255,415	80,049,764
Retained earnings	344,197,018	317,765,089
Accumulated other comprehensive income	11,516,001	30,951,837
Total Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders' equity	923,677,031	935,970,421
Non-controlling interest	8,121,101	(18,819)
Total equity	931,798,132	935,951,602
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 3,764,356,360	$ 3,548,883,184

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Real estate properties under development	$ 2,082,679,555	$ 1,887,321,801
Accounts payable and notes payable	457,770,011	471,175,849
Short-term bank loans and other debt	226,678,954	222,226,246
Customer deposits	63,832,972	64,451,511
Income tax payable	98,036,514	106,034,490
Other payables and accrued liabilities	105,786,177	106,126,369
Payroll and welfare payable	8,787,655	22,966,053
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt	809,094,078	594,834,196
Other long-term debt	892,098,022	897,503,703
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, current	1,206,418	2,309,967
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, non-current	$ 452,407	$ 1,231,982
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	133,417,607	142,802,936
Common stock, shares outstanding	133,417,607	142,802,936
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary, Aggregated Disclosure [Member]
Real estate properties under development	$ 142,322,586	$ 321,477,961
Accounts payable and notes payable	42,669,182	51,564,352
Short-term bank loans and other debt	12,064,181	0
Customer deposits	17,335,514	11,510,875
Income tax payable	10,105,126	9,011,064
Other payables and accrued liabilities	12,096,352	9,884,086
Payroll and welfare payable	276,353	2,017,480
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt	125,015,080	122,890,230
Other long-term debt	0	65,603,055
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, current	603,209	0
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, non-current	$ 452,407	$ 615,991

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Revenue:
Real estate sales, net of sales taxes of US$25,558,801 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and US$34,932,216 for the six months ended June 30, 2016	$ 594,465,950	$ 428,135,015
Real estate lease income	2,980,041	2,800,637
Real estate management services income	12,867,287	10,370,917
Other revenue	1,693,558	477,136
Total revenue	612,006,836	441,783,705
Costs of revenue:
Cost of real estate sales	(471,580,587)	(321,290,535)
Cost of real estate lease income	(1,795,262)	(1,549,902)
Cost of real estate management services income	(10,052,465)	(8,849,571)
Other costs	(2,379,095)	(1,168,942)
Total cost of revenue	(485,807,409)	(332,858,950)
Gross profit	126,199,427	108,924,755
Selling and distribution expenses	(16,921,743)	(18,647,331)
General and administrative expenses	(55,604,870)	(44,793,444)
Operating income	53,672,814	45,483,980
Interest income	12,693,566	11,910,810
Interest expense	(10,063,297)	(9,956,249)
Net realized gain on short-term investments	915,903	762,469
Unrealized gain on short-term investments	766,955	19,156
Other income	4,108,053	4,721,643
Share of gain/(loss) in an equity investee	(597,966)	478,394
Exchange gain	235,624	0
Income from operations before income taxes	61,731,652	53,420,203
Income taxes	(27,032,761)	(28,747,037)
Net income	34,698,891	24,673,166
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(2,053,922)	(267)
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	$ 32,644,969	$ 24,672,899
Earnings per share:
Basic	$ 0.24	$ 0.17
Diluted	$ 0.23	$ 0.17
Shares used in computation:
Basic	134,617,909	147,035,708
Diluted	138,984,932	147,238,150
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$ (19,435,836)	$ 267,938
Comprehensive income	15,263,055	24,941,104
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	(2,053,922)	(19,724)
Comprehensive income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	$ 13,209,133	$ 24,921,380

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Real estate sales taxes	$ 34,932,216	$ 25,558,801
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax	$ 0	$ 0

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 34,698,891	$ 24,673,166
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,321,389	4,075,323
Stock-based compensation expenses	5,271,661	1,655,456
Changes in unrecognized tax benefit	305,511	(2,748,906)
Deferred tax expense/(benefit)	(26,387,082)	24,577,527
Share of income/(loss) in an equity investee	597,966	(478,394)
Net realized gain on trading securities	(915,902)	(617,576)
Unrealized gain on trading securities	(766,955)	(19,156)
Proceeds from disposal of trading securities	16,410,536	22,827,583
Purchase of trading securities	(29,632,698)	(17,872,929)
Purchase of short-term investments	(16,781,803)	0
Bargain purchase gain	(2,004,507)	0
Gain on remeasurement of pre-existing shares	(2,100,563)	0
Others	(1,056,139)	734,829
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	25,830,383	(10,740,962)
Real estate property held for sale	0	1,185,217
Real estate property development completed	2,883,228	750,886
Real estate property under development	20,317,523	(377,225,106)
Real estate properties held for lease	(532,482)	(9,273,066)
Advances to suppliers	(3,720,032)	(22,460,803)
Other receivables	119,468,434	(21,089,249)
Deposits for land use rights	(41,387,969)	136,097,551
Other deposits and prepayments	29,395,254	(65,808,140)
Other current assets	1,796,533	(97,290)
Amounts due from employees	(1,538,762)	(1,584,316)
Amount due from parties	(58,153,898)	43,367,400
Other assets	2,059,626	686,286
Accounts payable	(49,788,059)	14,298,514
Customer deposits	8,652,670	45,216,467
Income tax payable	(6,007,499)	(597,035)
Other payables and accrued liabilities	(884,016)	3,919,439
Payroll and welfare payable	(13,872,499)	(14,842,675)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities	16,478,740	(221,389,959)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Disposal of properties held for lease and property and equipment	83,564	12,485
Purchase of property and equipment	(921,985)	(1,979,531)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities	0	(6,137,451)
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired	15,055,431	0
Acquisition of other equity method investments	(11,543,711)	0
Acquisition of other long-term investment	0	(32,633,171)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities	2,673,299	(40,737,668)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1,454,020	27,830
Purchase of treasury shares	(21,216,816)	0
Repurchase of shares under Restricted Stock Unit ("RSU") plan	(4,003,999)	(2,067,127)
Dividends to shareholders	(7,015,794)	(7,375,851)
Decrease/(increase) in restricted cash	(111,232,195)	87,365,781
Repayment of short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term bank loans	(503,479,828)	(201,485,778)
Proceeds from short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term bank loans	335,814,445	265,216,598
Repayment of long-term bank loans	0	(24,474,878)
Proceeds from long-term bank loans	41,624,237	71,336,111
Repayment of other short-term debt	0	(163,165,853)
Proceeds from other short-term debt	12,249,492	24,474,878
Repayment of other long-term debt	(41,075,118)	(6,925,120)
Proceeds from other long-term debt	314,944,294	239,926,458
Capital lease payments	(1,204,634)	(1,640,702)
Repayment of mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests	(2,296,780)	(399,756)
Proceeds from mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests	459,356	1,305,327
Net cash provided by financing activities	15,020,680	282,117,918
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	34,172,719	19,990,291
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(4,871,495)	(641,345)
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period	387,528,092	140,494,754
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AT END OF PERIOD	$ 416,829,316	$ 159,843,700

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Background information of business and organization

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Background information of business and organization

1. Background information of business and organization

Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) are principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In 2012, the Group expanded its business into the U.S. residential real estate market and established Vista Sierra, LLC, XIN Irvine, LLC and 421 Kent Development, LLC to acquire three projects in Reno, Nevada, Irvine, California and Brooklyn, New York, respectively. On April 6, 2012, September 25, 2012, December 4, 2015 and December 9, 2015, Zhengzhou Jiantou Xinyuan United Real Estate Co., Ltd. , Henan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd., Beijing Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Kunming Huaxia Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. subsidiaries of the Company, were liquidated, respectively. On October 18, 2013, Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Kunshan Xinyuan”) acquired a 100% equity interest in Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd. On January 27, 2014, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. acquired a 100% equity interest in Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd. (“Sanya Beida”). On April 11, 2014, Kunshan Xinyuan acquired a 100% equity interest in Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Junxin”). The Sanya Beida and Shanghai Junxin acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. In December 2014, the Group expanded its business into the Malaysia residential real estate market through acquisition of 100% equity interest in XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd (formerly named EMG Group Properties Sdn Bhd). 

On March 2 and May 15, 2015, Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Xinyuan”) acquired 82% and 18% equity interest, respectively, in Shandong Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Renju”). The Shandong Renju acquisition was accounted for as asset acquisition. Pursuant to the Share Transfer Agreement entered into by Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Xinyuan”) and Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. (“Ping’an”), an unrelated asset management company, on March 5, 2015, 20% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shengdao”) was transferred to Ping’an. Pursuant to the Share Transfer Agreement entered into by Zhengzhou Shengdao and Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. (“Wanxiang”), an unrelated asset management company, on March 23, 2015, 10% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Quansheng”) was transferred to Wanxiang.

On February 23, 2016, upon the amendment of article association, the Company obtained control over Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”), which was previously accounted under equity method investment (see Note 6) . Pursuant to the Share Transfer Agreement entered into by Zhengzhou Quansheng and Wanxiang on March 31, 2016, 10% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shunsheng”) was transferred to Wanxiang. On June 28, 2016, Henan Xinyuan, as 100% owner of Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd. (“Xinyuan Property Service”), transferred 6% of equity interests of Xinyuan Property Service to key management personnel.

As of June 30, 2016, subsidiaries of the Company and its consolidated variable interest entities included the following entities:

Company Name	Registered/Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd.	Cayman Islands October 6, 2011	US$	500,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited.	Hong Kong October 26, 2011	HK$	3,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
XIN Development Group International Inc.	United States November 10, 2011	US$	0		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. (“Xinyuan”)	Cayman Islands January 27, 2006	US$	50,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
South Glory International Ltd.	Hong Kong January 17, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Victory Good Development Ltd.	Hong Kong January 17, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.	Hong Kong November 19, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
XIN Irvine, LLC	United States July 12, 2012	US$	50,000		100	%	Real estate development
Vista Sierra, LLC	United States May 1, 2012	US$	0		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Development Management East, LLC	United States August 28, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Property management services
XIN NY Holding, LLC	United States August 29, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
421 Kent Development, LLC	United States August 29, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Real estate development

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd.	Hong Kong June 21, 2013	HK$	3,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd	Malaysia April 16, 2007	MYR	33,577,000		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd	Malaysia July 9, 2014	MYR	33,217,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan Internet Finance Co., Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
New Dawn International  Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
New Legend International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
NewPoint International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
NewGrace International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
China Online Finance Research Institute Limited	Hong Kong July 17, 2015	US$	1,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Genesis Ocean Investments Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Honest View Development Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Honour Triumph Enterprises Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Well Poly Holdings Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Zhengzhou Yasheng Construction Material Co., Ltd.	PRC October 22, 2013	US$	50,000,000		100	%	Sales of construction material
Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co., Ltd	PRC December 2, 2013	US$	60,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Yusheng Landscape Design Co., Ltd.	PRC December 25, 2013	US$	70,000,000		100	%	Landscaping engineering and management
Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. (“WFOE”)	PRC April 10, 2006	US$	307,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Xinyuan”)	PRC May 19, 1997	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC February 9, 2006	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC June 2, 2006	RMB	300,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd. (“Xinyuan Property Service”)	PRC December 28, 1998	RMB	50,000,000		94	%	Property management services
Zhengzhou Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd.	PRC February 17, 2004	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Landscaping engineering and management
Zhengzhou Xinyuan Computer Network Engineering Co., Ltd.	PRC May 26, 2004	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Installation of intercom systems
Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd.   (“Henan Wanzhuo”)	PRC December 29, 2011	RMB	20,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Xinyuan”)	PRC November 24, 2006	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC December 7, 2006	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC January 31, 2008	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co., Ltd.	PRC June 12, 2007	RMB	220,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC November 09, 2009	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC November 15, 2009	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Wanzhong”)	PRC March 4, 2008	RMB	900,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Heju Management Consulting Service Co. Ltd.	PRC January 16, 2009	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd.	PRC January 16, 2009	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Jiantou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Jiantou Xinyuan”)	PRC June 13, 2005	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC March 8, 2012	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate consulting services
Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co., Ltd.	PRC August 10, 2012	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Leasing management services
Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Xinyuan”)	PRC September 20, 2012	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC March 28, 2005	RMB	150,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing XIN Media Co., Ltd.	PRC July 10, 2013	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Culture and Media services

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Xingyang Xinyuan”)	PRC July 25, 2013	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
APEC Construction Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd.	PRC August 1, 2013	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Beijing Xinxiang Huicheng Decoration Co., Ltd.	PRC October 18, 2013	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Property decoration services
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Jinan Wanzhuo”)	PRC December 4, 2013	RMB	300,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinrongji (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC December 25, 2013	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Junxin”)	PRC January 16, 2014	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	PRC January 10, 2014	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC February 21, 2014	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Hengsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC June 19, 2014	RMB	20,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Xindo Park E-commerce Co., Ltd.	PRC August 12, 2014	RMB	202,000,000		100	%	Electronic commerce
Beijing Economy Cooperation Ruifeng Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC September 15, 2014	RMB	20,000,000		90	%	Real estate development
Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC September 17, 2014	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xi’an Xinyuan Metropolitan Business Management Co., Ltd.	PRC November 25, 2014	RMB	3,000,000		100	%	Property management services
Beijing Xinleju Technology Development Co., Ltd.	PRC December 24, 2014	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Technical service
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Changsha Wanzhuo”)	PRC April 3, 2014	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC January 1, 2015	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Jinan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC December 4, 2015	RMB	3,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Henan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC March 23, 2015	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC July 27, 2015	RMB	40,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center  (Limited partnership)	PRC July 28, 2015	RMB	100,000		100	%	Property management services
Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd.	PRC May 5, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Shenzhen Xileju Technology Development Co., Ltd.	PRC June 4, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Intelligent information system development
Shenzhen Xilefu Internet Financial Service Co., Ltd.	PRC June 12, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Marketing Co., Ltd.	PRC July 30, 2015	RMB	1,000,000		100	%	Real estate marketing
Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Renju”)	PRC November 19, 2011	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”)*	PRC June 22, 1998	RMB	22,500,000		65.98	%	Real estate development
421 Kent Holding Co, Ltd	United States May 2, 2014	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Hudson 888 Owner LLC	United States October 22, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Manhattan Holding LLC	United States December 9, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Hudson 888 Holding LLC	United States December 9, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC January 20, 2016	RMB	500,000		100	%	Dormant
Shenzhen Keye Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC February 26, 2016	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Henan YueshenghangProperty Service Co., Ltd.	PRC April 15, 2016	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Property management services
VIEs:
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shengdao”)	PRC October 14, 2013	RMB	20,000,000		80	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Quansheng”)	PRC January 14, 2015	RMB	40,000,000		90	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Shunsheng”)	PRC January 13, 2016	RMB	30,000,000		90	%	Real estate development

*Acquired on February 23, 2016.

Equity holdings remained unchanged throughout the six months ended June 30, 2016 except for Jinan Wanzhuo, Shaanxi Zhongmao, Zhengzhou Shunsheng and Xinyuan Property Service. (see note 1 and 2(a)).

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Summary of significant accounting policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation

The Group is principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In 2012, the Group expanded its business into the U.S. residential real estate market. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information using accounting policies that are consistent with those used in the preparation of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, operating results and cash flows of the Company for each of the periods presented. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the full year of 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and cease to be consolidated from the date on which control is transferred out of the Group. Where there is a loss of control of a subsidiary, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the results for the part of the reporting year during which the Group has control.

In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao as of June 30, 2016 and Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao as of December 31, 2015 are variable interest entities as they were not established with sufficient equity at risk to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was considered as the primary beneficiary of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, as it has the power to direct the activities of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao through its voting interest underlying the 95%, the 90% and the 80% equity interests, respectively, in accordance with PRC Company Law and the articles of association of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, respectively. Based on the above, Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao are consolidated by the Company. As of June 30, 2016, the Company is considered as the primary beneficiary of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, as it has the power to direct the activities of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao through its voting interest underlying the 90%, the 90% and the 80% equity interests, respectively, in accordance with PRC Company Law and the articles of association of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, respectively. Based on the above, Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao are consolidated by the Company. 

Jinan Wanzhuo, with registered capital of US$48.8 million (RMB300.0 million), was established by the Company on December 4, 2013, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Jinan, Shandong province. On June 24, 2014 (“transaction date”), an unrelated asset management company purchased 5% of the equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and lent US$111.7 million (RMB685.0 million) to Jinan Wanzhuo. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 11.24%. As of December 31, 2015, Jinan Wanzhuo had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 5% of non-controlling equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary of the transaction date or the first anniversary of the transaction date when the Company requested to repurchase the 5% equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo above. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. On June 21, 2016, the Company repurchased the 5% equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo from Ping’an and Jinan Wanzhuo ceased to be VIE.

Zhengzhou Shengdao, with registered capital of US$3.3 million (RMB20.0 million), was established by the Company on October 14, 2013, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 5, 2015 (“transaction date”), an unrelated asset management company purchased 20% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and lent US$86.0 million (RMB526.0 million) to Zhengzhou Shengdao. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 10.984%. As of June 30, 2016, Zhengzhou Shengdao had two projects under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 20% of non-controlling equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier date of the second anniversary or 18 months of the transaction date when the Company requests to repurchase the 20% equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao above. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company planned to repurchase the 20% equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as current liability as of June 30, 2016.

Henan Quansheng, with registered capital of US$6.5 million (RMB40.0 million), was established by the Company on January 14, 2015, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 23, 2015 (“transaction date”), an unrelated trustee company purchased 10% of the equity interest in Henan Quansheng and lent US$38.1 million (RMB233.0 million) to Henan Quansheng. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 11%. As of June 30, 2016, Henan Quansheng had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 10% of non-controlling equity interest of Henan Quansheng will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier date of the second anniversary or the date stated on the purchase notice sent by the unrelated trustee company when certain conditions were met. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company planned to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Quansheng within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as current liability as of June 30, 2016.

Henan Shunsheng, with registered capital of US$4.5 million (RMB30.0 million), was established by the Company on January 13, 2016, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 31, 2016 (“transaction date”), an unrelated trustee company purchased 10% of the equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and lent US$43.3 million (RMB287.0 million) to Henan Shunsheng. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 9%. As of June 30, 2016, Henan Shunsheng had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 10% of non-controlling equity interest of Henan Shunsheng will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary date, or the date the Company elects to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Shunsheng. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company has no intention to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Shunsheng within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as non-current liability as of June 30, 2016.

The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs are as follows:

	December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$ (Audited)		US$ (Unaudited)
Current assets		412,763,119		257,593,597
Non-current assets		7,469,208		11,218,510
Total assets		420,232,327		268,812,107
Current liabilities		262,759,976		220,164,997
Non-current liabilities		66,219,046		452,407
Total liabilities		328,979,022		220,617,404

The financial performance and cash flows of the VIEs are as follows:

	Six months ended June 30
	2015			2016
	US$ (Unaudited)			US$ (Unaudited)
Revenue		47,544,639			97,735,245
Cost of revenue		(41,274,288	)		(69,973,777	)
Net income		502,698			2,432,349
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities		(83,225,914	)		17,690,147
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,951,126	)		(4,627,334	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		98,722,047			20,839,240

As of June 30, 2016, the current assets of the VIEs included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group of US$ 18,973,048 (December 31, 2015: US$55,881,889), which was eliminated upon consolidation by the Company.

As of June 30, 2016, the land use rights included in real estate property under development of the VIEs of US$185,765,917 (December 31, 2015: US$289,057,933) were pledged as collateral for other debt. Creditors of the VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary.

The VIEs contributed 16.0% (Six-month period ended June 30, 2015: 10.8%) of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the six-month period ended June 30, 2016.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment and capital lease, allowance for doubtful debt associated with accounts receivable, other receivables, deposit for land use rights, other deposits and prepayments and advances to suppliers, fair values of the purchase price allocation with respect to business combinations, revenue recognition for percentage of completion method, accounting for the share-based compensation, classification of financial instruments, accounting for mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, accounting for deferred income taxes, impairment of real estate properties under development, real estate properties held for lease and long-term investments, and provision necessary for contingent liabilities. Management analyzed the forecasted cash flows for the twelve months from June 30, 2016, which indicates that the Group will have sufficient liquidity from cash flows generated by operations and existing credit facilities and therefore will be sufficient financial resources to settle borrowings and payables that will be due in the next twelve months. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates. 

(c) Foreign currency translation 

The Group’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company is U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the PRC. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia is Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), the currency of the Malaysia. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries other than those in the PRC and Malaysia is U.S. dollars. Transactions by the Company’s subsidiaries which are denominated in currencies other than RMB are remeasured into RMB at the exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) prevailing on the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than RMB are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as exchange gains. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The PRC subsidiaries’ financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

	June 30, 2015		December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1136		6.4936		6.6312
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1287		6.2272		6.5309

RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.

(d) Senior Secured Notes

On May 3, 2013, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due May 3, 2018 (the “May 2018 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013. Given that the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes. The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

On December 6, 2013, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due on June 6, 2019 (the "June 2019 Senior Secured Notes") at a coupon rate of 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014. Given that the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

 On February 13, 2015, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, the Company amended the May 2018 and June 2019 Indentures (collectively, known as the “Indentures”) to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include changes to: (i) incur additional Indebtedness (as defined in the Indentures) in furtherance of the Company's business plans; (ii) make certain Restricted Payments (as defined in the Indentures) and Permitted Investments (as defined in the Indentures); and (iii) make certain deemed Investments (as defined in the Indentures) without having to satisfy the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Indentures) requirement. The amendments also amend (i) the “Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries” covenant in the Indentures to the extent that the Company believes necessary as a result of the amendments to other covenants and (ii) the “Limitation on Asset Sales” covenant in the Indentures to remove the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement for Asset Dispositions (as defined in the Indentures). The amendments also amended certain related definitions in the Indentures. The Company accounted for the amendments, which did not result in a debt extinguishment pursuant to ASC 470-50, Debt – Modifications and Exchanges.

On February 3, 2016, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, the Company amended the Indentures to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include: (i) amending the provisions relating to future Subsidiary Guarantors, JV Subsidiary Guarantors and pledged subsidiary Capital Stock (each, as defined in the Indentures); (ii) amending the “Limitation on Indebtedness and Preferred Stock” covenant; (iii) amending the “Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates” covenant and the provisions relating to “Designation of Restricted Subsidiaries and Unrestricted Subsidiaries”; (iv) amending the definition of “Permitted Investment” and the “Limitation on Restricted Payments” covenant; and (v) removing the “Limitation on the Company’s Business Activities” covenant and amend the related definitions and provisions. The amendments also clarify certain other provisions in the Indentures.

(e) Change of accounting policy

On January 1, 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-03, “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” and, as a result, the Company reclassified deferred debt issuance costs for all periods presented such that costs are included as a discount to other long-term debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(f) Earnings per share

Earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. Common shares issuable upon the conversion of the convertible note, were included in diluted earnings per common share computation for the period during which they were outstanding using the if-converted method. Common share equivalents consists of common shares issuable upon the exercise of the share options and vesting of restricted shares units using treasury stock method. Common equivalents shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. The non-vested options granted with performance conditions are excluded in the computation of diluted EPS unless the options are dilutive and unless their conditions (a) have been satisfied at the reporting date or (b) would have been satisfied if the reporting date was the end of the contingency period.  

(g) Short-term investments

All highly liquid investments with original maturities of greater than three months, but less than 12 months, are classified as short-term investments. Investments that are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months are also included in short-term investments. The Company accounts for its investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with ASC 320-10 (“ASC 320-10”), Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Overall. The Company classifies the investments in debt and equity securities as “held-to-maturity”, “trading” or “available-for-sale”, whose classification determines the respective accounting methods stipulated by ASC 320-10. Dividend and interest income, including amortization of the premium and discount arising at acquisition, for all categories of investments in securities are included in earnings. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of the short-term investments are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected in earnings during the period in which such gains or losses are realized.

The securities that the Company has positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and stated at amortized cost. For individual securities classified as held-to-maturity securities, the Company evaluates whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary in accordance with the Company’s policy and ASC 320-10. When the Company intends to sell an impaired debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred. In these instances, the other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the entire excess of the debt security’s amortized cost basis over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. When the Company does not intend to sell an impaired debt security and it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company must determine whether or not it will recover its amortized cost basis. If the Company concludes that it will not, an other-than-temporary impairment exists and that portion of the credit loss is recognized in earnings, while the portion of loss related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

The securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities. Realized gains and losses, and unrealized holding gains and losses for trading securities are included in earnings.

Investments not classified as trading or as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains or losses are charged to earnings during the period in which the gain or loss is realized. An impairment loss on available-for-sale securities would be recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income when the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary.

(h) Fair value of financial instruments

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted deposit, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related party, other receivables, investment in joint venture and other long-term investment, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, and borrowings. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted deposit, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related party, other receivables, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, and short-term bank borrowings approximate their fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments. The Group is exposed to credit risk for financial assets and its maximum amount of loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty is the recorded amount. The Group generally does not require collateral for its financial assets or liabilities, except as disclosed in Note 7, Note 8 and Note 9. Trading securities were initially recognized at cost and subsequently remeasured at the end of each reporting period with the adjustment in its fair value recognized in profit and loss. Available-for-sale securities were initially recognized at cost and subsequently remeasured at the end of each reporting period with the adjustment in its fair value recognized in accumulated comprehensive income.

Investment in joint ventures and other long-term investments have no quoted market prices and it is not practicable to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive costs. The Group reviews the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may no longer be recoverable.

The carrying amounts of the long-term borrowings approximate their fair values because the stated interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable credit risk and maturities.

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets

Level 2-Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place

Level 3-Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity

The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values except for the short-term investments.

ASC 820 describes three main approaches for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

In accordance with ASC 820, the investment in equity securities, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and money market instrument classified as trading security is within Level 1 as the Company measures the fair value using quoted trading prices that are published on a regular basis.

(i) Asset acquisition and business combinations

Pursuant to ASC 805 (“ASC 805”), Business Combinations, the Company determines whether a transaction or other event is a business combination by applying the definition below, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. If the assets acquired are not a business, the reporting entity shall account for the transaction or other event as an asset acquisition. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs. Although businesses usually have outputs, outputs are not required for an integrated set to qualify as a business. The three elements of a business are defined as follows:

a. Input. Any economic resource that creates, or has the ability to create, outputs when one or more processes are applied to it.

b. Process. Any system, standard, protocol, convention, or rule that when applied to an input or inputs, creates or has the ability to create outputs.

c. Output. The result of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that provide or have the ability to provide a return in the form of dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors or other owners, members, or participants.

The Company accounted for its acquisitions of Shandong Renju on March 2, 2015 as asset acquisitions since the acquired entities had no processes in place to apply to inputs to have the ability to create outputs.

(j) Effect of change in estimate

Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to percentage of completion revenues are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, real estate development projects (Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid I, Chengdu Thriving Family, Suzhou Lake Royal Palace, Kunshan Royal Palace, Zhengzhou Xin City, Beijing Xindo Park, Xi’an Metropolitan, Henan Xin Central I , Zhengzhou Fancy City I, Tianjin Spring Royal Palace), which recognized gross profits in 2015, had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As of June 30, 2016, each of these projects has a percentage of completion at 31.3% or more. As the unit sales and selling prices were on an upward trend during the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Group revised upwards its prior estimates related to selling prices and total estimated sales values in conjunction with the change in total estimated costs, which led to a decrease of the percentage sold and thus a decrease in the recognized costs. As a result of the changes in estimate above, gross profit, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share increased by US$18.7 million, US$14.0 million, US$0.10 per share, and US$0.10 per share, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016. 

(k) Long-term investments

The Company’s long-term investments consist of cost method investments. In accordance with ASC subtopic 325-20 (“ASC 325-20”), Investments- Other: Cost Method Investments, for investments in an investee over which the Company does not have significant influence and which do not have readily determinable fair value, the Company carries the investment at cost and only adjusts for other-than-temporary declines in fair value and distributions of earnings that exceed the Company’s share of earnings since its investment. Management regularly evaluates the impairment of the cost method investments based on performance and financial position of the investee as well as other evidence of market value. Such evaluation includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the investee’s cash position, recent financing, projected and historical financial performance, cash flow forecasts and financing needs. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the excess of the investment’s cost over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of investment. Cost method accounting is also applied to investments that are not considered as “in-substance” common stock investments, and do not have readily determinable fair values.

(l) Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

In August 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the effective date (“ASU 2015-14”). The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers issued in May 2014. According to the amendments in ASU 2015-14, the new revenue guidance ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Group is currently evaluating the method of adoption to be utilized and it cannot currently estimate the financial statement impact of adoption.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes-Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). The amendments in this update simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in ASU 2015-17 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of the guidance is not expected to have significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”) which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customers. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, with the option to adopt it in the first quarter of 2017. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”) to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, an option to recognize gross share-based compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2017, and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Short-term investments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Short-term investments

3. Short-term investments

The short-term investments represent investments in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) publicly traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, reverse repurchase of treasury bond, money market instruments and equity securities publicly traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, which are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months. 

The Company accounts for the short-term investments in accordance with ASC subtopic 320-10 (“ASC 320-10”), Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Overall. The Company classified the REITs, investment in equity securities and money market instruments as trading securities which are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. The Company uses quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (consistent with the Level 1 definition in the fair value hierarchy) to measure the fair value of its investments on a recurring basis pursuant to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement.

The realized gains, and unrealized holding gains presented in the accompanying statements of comprehensive income are related to trading securities held as of June 30, 2016.

The following summarizes the short-term investments measured at fair value at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016:

	December 31, 2015
	US$ (Audited)
	Aggregate fair value		Cost		Unrealized gain in profit and loss
Trading securities:
REITs		1,167,647		1,124,293		43,354
Money market instrument		76,999		70,910		6,089
Total		1,244,646		1,195,203		49,443

	June 30, 2016
	US$ (Unaudited)
	Aggregate fair value		Cost		Unrealized gain in profit and loss
Short-term investments		16,535,390		16,527,928		7,462
Trading securities:
Equity securities		5,291,933		5,262,675		29,258
REITs		10,570,904		9,840,669		730,235
Total		32,398,227		31,631,272		766,955

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, US$915,903 (June 30, 2015: US$617,576) net realized gain and US$766,955 (June 30, 2015: US$19,156) unrealized gain for trading securities are included in earnings. No other-than-temporary-impairment was recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

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Real estate properties under development

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Real estate properties under development

4. Real estate properties under development

The following summarizes the components of real estate property under development at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016:

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
Under development:
Current:
Jinan Xinyuan Splendid		40,847,827			-
Xuzhou Colorful City		54,157,809			35,692,007
Zhengzhou Xin City		46,165,101			13,201,317
Beijing Xindo Park		176,553,742			75,275,292
Kunshan Royal Palace		215,917,469			106,269,767
Suzhou Lake Royal Palace		267,569,547			160,683,079
Xingyang Splendid I		32,010,140			20,520,326
Xingyang Splendid II		43,311,674			49,770,958
Xingyang Splendid III		23,896,026			25,552,920
Xingyang Splendid IV		6,762,190			7,186,781
Zhengzhou Thriving Family		29,098,191			9,264,361
Zhengzhou Xindo Park		73,294,372			65,353,548
Jinan Royal Palace		261,268,961			224,396,572
Sanya Yazhou Bay No.1		109,896,103			113,749,483
Shanghai Royal Palace		215,117,468			178,883,202
Changsha Xinyuan Splendid		194,444,916			186,196,892
Chengdu Thriving Family		258,173,028			254,337,919
Jinan Xin Central		163,174,394			103,148,161
Zhengzhou Fancy City I		71,896,698			53,112,844
Tianjin Spring Royal Palace		65,583,961			71,453,892
Henan Xin Central II		39,117,259			41,110,480
Henan Xin Central I		127,696,203			89,942,514
Xi'an Xindo Park		-			236,612,282
Kunshan Xindo Park		-			85,803,213
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(South)		-			40,623,552
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(North)		-			37,975,124
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd (“Malaysia project”)		8,165,745			10,774,342
New York Oosten		226,208,448			258,591,803
Hudson Garden project		-			61,399,802
		2,750,327,272			2,616,882,433
Profit recognized		347,083,874			181,806,263
Less: progress billings		(1,210,089,345	)		(716,009,141	)
Total real estate property under development		1,887,321,801			2,082,679,555

As of June 30, 2016, land use rights included in the real estate properties under development totaled US$1,291,977,264 (December 31, 2015: US$1,130,109,973).

As of June 30, 2016, land use rights with an aggregate net book value of US$681,681,307 (December 31, 2015: US$1,018,987,851) were pledged as collateral for certain bank loans and other debts. As of June 30, 2016, real estate properties under development with an aggregate net book value of US$336,169,943 (December 31, 2015: 172,623,335) were pledged as collateral for certain bank loans

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Other long-term investment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Other long-term investment

5. Other long-term investment

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the other long-term investment accounted for at cost consisted of the following:

Cost method investee	Initial Cost		Ownership			December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$					US$		US$
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.		30,865,904		80	%		30,865,904		30,865,904
Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd.		241,648		1.85	%		241,648		241,648

On May 6, 2015, the Company acquired 80% equity interest of Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Ruihao Rongtong”) at a consideration of US$30,865,904. In accordance with ASC 325-20, Cost Method Investments, cost method accounting was applied as the investment did not qualify as in-substance common stock and did not have readily determinable fair value.

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the Group recognized no investment profit or loss. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, management noted no indicators of impairment related to these investments.

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Acquisition of subsidiaries

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Acquisition of subsidiaries [Abstract]

Acquisition of subsidiaries

6. Acquisition of subsidiaries

Acquisition of Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd.

On February 23, 2016, the Group acquired an additional 14.98% equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”) for a consideration of US$516,086 and the article of association of Shaanxi Zhongmao was amended to require simple majority of voting interests for approval of significant financial and operating decisions. Upon completion of this acquisition, the Group obtained controls over Shaanxi Zhongmao through its 65.98% voting interests of Shaanxi Zhongmao.

The purchase was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the impact related to this transaction is included in the Group’s financial statements only since the effective date of acquisition. The purchased assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. A gain is recorded equal to the amount by which the fair value of net identifiable assets exceeded the consideration paid. As such, the Group recognized a bargain purchase gain of US$2,004,507 in relation to acquisition. The seller was willing to accept a lower price due to cash need in a very short timeframe at the time of negotiation, the terms negotiated included a purchase price is lower than Shaanxi Zhongmao’s equity value as a result.

This gain is shown as a component of other income on the Group’s condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

The results of Shaanxi Zhongmao have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements since February 23, 2016.

An analysis of the cash flows in respect of the acquisition of Shaanxi Zhongmao is as follows:

	US$
Cash consideration paid		-
Cash and cash equivalents acquired		15,055,431
Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431

The purchase price allocation for the acquisition is primarily based on a valuation determined by the Group with the assistance of an independent third party valuation firm. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition on February 23, 2016.

	US$
Purchase consideration		516,086
Fair value of non-controlling interest		5,724,339
Fair value of previously held equity interests (i)		8,581,461
Bargain purchase gain recognized in other income		2,004,507
		16,826,393
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431
Restricted cash		16,560,251
Real estate properties under development		180,647,050
Property and equipment, net		329,582
Current assets		54,780,760
Current liabilities		(250,546,681	)
Net assets acquired		16,826,393

(i) A measurement gain of US$2,100,563 was recognized and recorded in other income in relation to the revaluation of the Group’s previously held equity interest of Shannxi Zhongmao in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for period ended June 30, 2016. As Shannxi Zhongmao is a private company, the fair value of the Group’s previously held equity interest is estimated based on asset-based approach using significant unobservable inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include estimated revenue and estimated cost for the construction project.

This acquisition was consistent with the Group’s strategy to develop residential real estate markets in high growth tier 2 cities in China.

The actual results of operation after the acquisition date and pro forma results of operations for the acquisition have not been presented because the effects were not material.

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Short-term bank loans and other debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Short-term Debt [Abstract]

Short-term bank loans and other debt

7. Short-term bank loans and other debt

Short-term bank loans represent amounts due to various banks and are due on the dates indicated below. Short-term bank loans at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 consisted of the following: 

	December 31,		June 30,
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Loan from China Guangfa Bank
Due January 21, 2017, at 5.0025% per annum		-		12,064,182
		-		12,064,182
Loan from Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd.
Due July 7, 2016, at 11.00% per annum(2)		-		7,540,113
Due July 24, 2016, at 9.50% per annum(3)		-		4,524,068
		-		12,064,181
Loan from The Bank of East Asia
Due June 2, 2016, at 2.00% plus 3 month LIBOR(8)		9,675,655		-
Due August 16, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		20,000,000		20,000,000
Due August 31, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		9,700,000		9,700,000
Due September 20, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		2,220,000		2,220,000
Due October 27, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		13,250,000		13,250,000
Due November 18, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		14,958,974		14,958,974
Due November 23, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		34,421,617		34,421,617
		104,226,246		94,550,591
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch
Due July 21, 2016, at 1.2% per annum(5)		30,000,000		30,000,000
Due September 26, 2016, at 1.55% per annum(5)		13,000,000		13,000,000
Due October 11, 2016, at 1.55% per annum(5)		20,000,000		20,000,000
		63,000,000		63,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited ("ICBC (Asia)")
Due May 18, 2016, at 2% plus 3 month LIBOR(1)		10,000,000		-
Due October 5, 2016, at 1.6% plus 3 month LIBOR(6)		20,000,000		20,000,000
		30,000,000		20,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Thai) Public Company Limited ("ICBC (Thai)")
Due September 21, 2016, at 1.7% plus 3 month LIBOR(7)		25,000,000		25,000,000
		25,000,000		25,000,000
Total short-term bank loans and other debt		222,226,246		226,678,954

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 1, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group’s accounts receivable with net book value of US$9,425,142.

(3) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 10, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group’s accounts receivable with net book value of US$5,655,085.

(4) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these six loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$20.0 million, US$9.7 million, US$2.2 million, US$13.3 million, US$15.0 million and US$34.4 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$20,509,108 (December 31, 2015: US$20,943,698), US$9,955,966 (December 31, 2015: US$10,166,934), US$2,337,435 (December 31, 2015: US$2,386,966), US$13,466,643 (December 31, 2015: US$13,752,002), US$15,231,029 (December 31, 2015: US$15,553,766) and US$35,133,912 (December 31, 2015: US$35,878,403) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(5) Pursuant to the loan contract with Bank of China Tokyo Branch, these three loans from Bank of China Tokyo Branch amounting to US$30.0 million, US$13.0 million and US$20.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposit of US$30,009,651 (December 31, 2015: US$30,645,559), US$13,421,402 (December 31, 2015: US$13,705,803) and US$20,659,911 (December 31, 2015: US$21,097,696) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(6) Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Asia) this loan from ICBC (Asia), amounting to US$20.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$20,810,713 (December 31, 2015: US$21,251,694). Such deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(7) Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Thai) this loan from ICBC (Thai), amounting to US$25.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$25,862,589 (December 31, 2015: US$26,410,620). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(8) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, the loan from The Bank of East Asia amounting to US$9.7 million, the maturity was extended from June 2, 2016 to June 1, 2018. Accordingly, this loan is classified as Long-term bank loans on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

As of June 30, 2016, except when otherwise indicated, the Group’s short-term bank loans were denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$23,662,794 (December 31, 2015: US$ nil), accounts receivable with net book value of US$15,080,227 (December 31, 2015: nil).

The weighted average interest rate on short-term bank loans and other debt as of June 30, 2016 was 2.42% (December 31, 2015: 1.71%).

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Long-term bank loans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Long-term Debt, Unclassified [Abstract]

Long-term bank loans

8.  Long-term bank loans

Long-term bank loans as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
Loan from ICBC
Due July 20, 2016 at 5.25% per annum (1)		10,779,845			-
		10,779,845			-
Loan from Agricultural Bank of China
Due May 18, 2016, at 5.78% per annum(1)		6,159,911			-
		6,159,911			-
Loan from China Guangfa Bank
Due May 29, 2016, at 8.00% per annum(1)		3,233,953			-
Due December 23, 2017, at 8.4% per annum(1)		6,159,911			-
Due February 17, 2018, at 5.7% per annum(2)		30,799,556			27,144,408
		40,193,420			27,144,408
Loan from China Construction Bank
Due January 23, 2017, at 5.70% per annum(2)		76,998,891			67,861,021
		76,998,891			67,861,021
Loan from Bank of Shanghai
Due April 30, 2017, at 9.10% per annum(1)		35,419,490			-
		35,419,490			-
Loan from Ping An Bank
Due March 20, 2018, at 9.25% per annum(1)		43,119,380			-
		43,119,380			-
Loan from Bo Hai Bank
Due March 14, 2019, at 5.415% per annum(2)		-			45,240,680
		-			45,240,680
Loan from The Bank of East Asia
Due April 27, 2018, at 6.18% per annum(1)		47,428,237			-
Due June 1, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			9,675,655
Due April 26, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			13,250,000
Due June 5, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			10,000,000
		47,428,237			32,925,655
Total		260,099,174			173,171,764
Less: current portion of long-term bank loans		(246,239,374	)		(122,149,837	)
Total long-term bank loans		13,859,800			51,021,927

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the loan contracts, if the Group achieves an agreed upon sales target from the sales of the underlying real estate properties under development, the Group has an obligation to repay the loan before the maturity date. Therefore, the respective current portions of these loans have been classified as current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(3) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these three loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$9.7 million, US$13.3 million and US$10.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$10,254,554, US$13,775,787, and US$10,556,159 respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

As of June 30, 2016, except when otherwise indicated, the Group’s long term bank loans were denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$48,019,199 (December 31, 2015: US$93,755,346), land use rights with net book value of US$163,967,571 (December 31, 2015: US$424,058,251).

The interest rates of these bank loans denominated in RMB are adjustable based on the range of 114% to 120% of the PBOC prime rate. The weighted average interest rate on long-term bank loans as of June 30, 2016 was 4.91% (December 31, 2015: 7.23%).

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Other long-term debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Other Long-term Debt [Abstract]

Other long-term debt

9. Other long-term debt

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, other long-term debt consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25%		186,703,168			179,553,073
June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13%		195,662,295			186,556,097
Corporate bonds due on December 28, 2020 at 7.5%		152,962,917			149,945,322
Corporate bonds due on January 27, 2021 at 7.47%		-			105,193,734
Corporate bonds due on March 14, 2021 at 7.09%		-			75,129,632
Collateralized loan due on April 3, 2016 at 11% (1)		38,453,246			-
Collateralized loan due on December 23, 2017 at 9%		61,221,818			44,871,215
Collateralized loan due on July 9, 2017 at 9%		54,484,415			38,946,194
Collateralized loan due on December 31, 2016 at 12.5% (1)		69,129,605			-
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 12.5% (1)		3,079,956			-
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2017 at 10%		38,499,446			30,160,454
Collateralized loan due on November 20, 2016 at 12.5% (1)		46,199,335			-
Collateralized loan due on January 7, 2017 at 8.50%		-			7,992,520
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 11.8% (1)		17,709,745			-
Collateralized loan due on July 15, 2017 at 11.8%		14,583,590			14,280,975
Collateralized loan due on June 25, 2017 at 12% (2)		69,299,002			52,780,794
Collateralized loan due on September 17, 2017 at 9%		10,779,844			10,556,159
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2018 at 11.00%		-			22,620,340
Collateralized loan due on April 25, 2018 at 8.05%		-			61,527,325
Collateralized loan due on May 10, 2018 at 9.40%		-			45,240,680
Collateralized loan due on May 30, 2018 at 9.00%(3)		-			75,401,134
Collateralized loan due on June 19, 2018 at 9.50%		-			75,401,134
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018, at 10.50% (4)		-			29,104,838
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018, at 8.50%(4)		-			52,780,794
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 30, 2018, at 9.00% (5)		-			23,072,747
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on June 30, 2016 at 11.24% (6)		28,489,590			-
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 13, 2017 at 10.98%(7)		81,002,834			79,321,993
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on May 13, 2017 at 11%(8)		35,881,483			22,620,340
Fortress Credit Co. LLC loan due on June 9, 2017 at 7.25% plus LIBOR(9)		91,956,236			110,193,778
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on January 23, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on April 30, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on June 25, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 4, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 20, 2020 at 5.95%(10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on October 1, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on November 23, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on March 15, 2021 at 5.95% (10)		-			9,500,000
Ozarks loan due on July 13, 2017 at 4.5% plus 1 month LIBOR(11)		-			26,290,991
Total principal of other long-term debt		1,246,098,525			1,579,042,263
Total		1,246,098,525			1,579,042,263
Less: current portion of other long-term debt		(348,594,822	)		(686,944,241	)
Total other long-term debt		897,503,703			892,098,022

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 100% equity interest of Shandong Renju.

(3) Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 100% equity interest of Changsha Wanzhuo.

(4)  Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 55% equity interest of Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.

(5) Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on March 31, 2016, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Shunsheng, this other debt is secured by the Group’s 90% equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$71,343,962 (December 31, 2015: US$nil). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(6) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on June 24, 2014, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Jinan Wanzhuo, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 95% equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and the Group’s land use rights. This other long-term debt was paid in full in June 2016.

(7) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on March 10, 2015, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Zhengzhou Shengdao, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 80% equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$ 92,091,611(December 31, 2015: US$136,098,821).

(8) Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on May 9, 2015, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Quansheng, this other debt is secured by the Group’s 90% equity interest in Henan Quansheng and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$22,330,344 (December 31, 2015: US$41,295,897) and Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$1,081,221(December 31, 2015: US$7,345,027). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(9) Pursuant to the agreements with Fortress Credit Co. LLC entered into on June 9, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$165 million in total with US$110.2 million utilized, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$ 30,211,282(December 31, 2015: US$29,918,940). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(10) Pursuant to the agreements with Kent EB-5 LLC entered into on September 23, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$60 million in total with US$59.5 million utilized, is denominated in US$ with mature dates vary from January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2021.  

(11) Pursuant to the Ozarks Term loan, Hudson 888 Owner LLC has agreed to provide security in the form of mortgages and assignment of leases and rents. In addition, XIN Development Group International Inc., agreed to, jointly and severally, provide a number of guarantees, including carve out guaranty, completion guaranty, repayment guaranty and carry guaranty to Ozarks and its successors in relation to the mortgaged property, liabilities of and/or payments to Ozarks.

As of June 30, 2016, except when otherwise indicated, the Group’s other long-term debt were denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$336,169,943 (December 31, 2015: US$128,389,745), land use rights with net book value of US$578,973,273 (December 31, 2015: US$731,783,438) and real estate properties held for lease with net book value of US$38,793,188 (December 31, 2015: US$36,550,198).

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes

On May 3, 2013, the Company issued senior notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due May 3, 2018 at a coupon rate of 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013.

The effective interest rate of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is 14.44%.

The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated May 3, 2013, between, the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “May 2018 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the May 2018 Indenture and the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the May 2018 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the May 2018 Indenture and the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. and Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., and the obligations of Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. as a Subsidiary Guarantor are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd. and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.

The Company may redeem the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at 106.6250% and 103.3125% of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date during the 12 month period commencing on May 3, 2016 and May 3, 2017, respectively.

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on May 3, 2016, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through May 3, 2016 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company’s common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113.25% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding after each such redemption.

The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes.

The May 2018 Indenture, as amended, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s common shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) of 2.75 to 1.0 (reduced from 3.0 to 1.0 effective February 2016). For a further discussion of the amendments to the May 2018 Indenture, see Note2(d) above.

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes

On December 6, 2013, the Company issued senior notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due June 6, 2019 at a coupon rate of 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014.

The effective interest rate of June 2019 Senior Secured Notes is 14.05%.

The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated December 6, 2013, between the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “June 2019 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the June 2019 Indenture and the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the June 2019 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the June 2019 Indenture and the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. and Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., and the obligations of Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. as a Subsidiary Guarantor are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd. and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.

The Company may redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at 106.5% and 103.25% of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date during the 12 month period commencing on June 6, 2017 and June 6, 2018, respectively.

At any time prior to June 6, 2017, the Company may at its option redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on June 6, 2017, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through June 6, 2017 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date. 

At any time prior to June 6 2017 the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company’s common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113% the principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes issued on December 6, 2013 remain outstanding after each such redemption.

The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2019 Secured Senior Notes.

The June 2019 Indenture, as amended, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s Common Shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) of 2.75 to 1.0 (reduced from 3.0 to 1.0 effective February 2016). For a further discussion of the amendments to the June 2019 Indenture, see Note2(d) above.

Onshore corporate Bonds

On December 28, 2015, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the first tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of RMB1 billion (US$154 million) due on December 28, 2020 (the "First Tranche Bonds") at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on December 28 of each year, commencing December 28, 2015.

On January 27, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the second tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$107 million due on January 27, 2021 (the “Second Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.47% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on January 27 of each year, commencing January 27, 2016.

On March 14, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the third tranche of the onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of US$77 million due on March 14, 2021 (the “Third Tranche Bonds”) at a coupon rate of 7.09% per annum payable annually. Interest is payable on March 14 of each year, commencing March 14, 2016.

Given that above three tranches of onshore corporate bonds is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from these three tranches of onshore corporate bonds under the requirements of ASC 815 "Derivatives and Hedging". These three tranches of onshore corporate bonds were issued at par. Upon the third anniversary of the issuance of each tranche of bonds, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate Ltd may increase the applicable coupon rate and the holders have the right within a specified time period to require the Company to repurchase the bonds following the Company’s announcement of whether it intends to increase the interest rate.

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Income taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income taxes

10. Income taxes

(a) Effective tax rate

Our effective income tax rate (“ETR”) was 43.8% in the first six months of 2016 compared to 53.8% in the first six months of 2015. The ETR was different from the statutory tax rate of 25% due to the effects of the land appreciation tax (“LAT”), the corporate income tax (“CIT”) benefit of LAT, outside basis differences and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The change in the effective income tax rate is primarily due to a LAT rebate of approximately US$9.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 related to a completed project that was liquidated and settled with the local tax bureaus on favorable terms and a CIT true up reversal of approximately US$1.9 million was recognized due to the decrease of non-deductible expenses, while a non-recurring reversal of LAT liabilities of approximately US$4.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015 related to a completed project that was liquidated and settled with the local tax bureaus on favorable terms and a CIT true up reversal of approximately US$4.6 million was recognized due to the decrease of non-deductible expenses.

(b) Liability for unrecognized tax benefit

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Group’s unrecognized tax benefits:

	US$
Balance as of December 31, 2015		17,842,283
Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation		239,190
Balance as of June 30, 2016		18,081,473

The current year movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of US$239,190 was caused by the US$-RMB exchange rate, and therefore was recorded as other comprehensive income arising from foreign currency translation.

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Related party and employee transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related party and employee transactions

11. Related party and employee transactions

(a) Amounts due from related party

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd.		45,072,727		-
Beijing Starry Sky Cinema Co., Ltd		2,741,161		3,711,419
Beijing Aijieli Technology Development Co., Ltd.		-		1,478,719
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.		10,816,284		40,400,610
		58,630,172		45,590,748

As of December 31, 2015, this balance represents a receivable due from Shaanxi Zhongmao related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. The balance due from Ruihao Rongtong and Beijing Starry Sky Cinema are related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year. Since the Company purchased additional 14.98% of the equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao on February 23, 2016 (Acquisition Date), the Company held a cumulative 65.98% of the equity interest of Shaanxi Zhongmao as of June 30, 2016, Shaanxi Zhongmao is now a consolidated subsidiary.

As of June 30, 2016, the balance due from Beijing Starry Sky Cinema, Beijing Aijieli and Ruihao Rongtong are related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. These balance are unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year.

(b) Amounts due from employees

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Advances to employees		350,919		1,871,777

The balance represents cash advances to employees for traveling expenses and other expenses. These balances are unsecured, bear no interest and have no fixed payment terms.

(c) Amounts due to related party

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Zhengzhou Xinnan Real estate Co., Ltd.		-		15,080,227

As of June 30, 2016, the balance due to Zhengzhou Xinnan Real estate Co., Ltd. ("Xinnan”) are related to borrowings from Xinnan for operational needs without any fixed payments terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year.

(d) Others

On April 25, 2016, Henan Xinyuan, as 100% owner of Xinyuan Property Service, transferred 6% of Xinyuan Property Service’s share to key managements at a consideration of US$506,696. As of June 30, 2016, US$422,246 was not settled by key managements.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the terms of share-based compensation was modified to accelerate service vesting in connection with the termination of a key executive and the Company recognized a compensation of US$1,564,662 based on the fair value of the award on the modification date.

All other related party transactions have been disclosed in Notes 1, 2a) and 9.

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Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

12. Equity

As at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, the Company’s authorized share capital was 500 million common shares, par value US$0.0001 per share.

On August 11, 2007, the Company granted share options to purchase up to 6,125,374 common shares to its directors and employees, at exercise prices ranging from US$0.0001 to US$2.50 per share. These options have a weighted average grant date fair value of US$2.67 per option, and a total expected compensation cost, net of expected forfeitures, of US$15,564,801. These options have vesting periods based on length of service ranging from 10 to 60 months and will expire no later than August 10, 2017. These options are performance-based and did not begin vesting until the Company’s IPO was in effect. However, upon the effectiveness of the IPO, these awards had an immediate vesting of all shares that would have vested between the grant date and the effectiveness of the IPO.

In November 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) which provides for the grant of options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to purchase its common shares. The maximum aggregate number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards, including options, is 10 million common shares, subject to adjustment to account for changes in the capitalization of the Company.

In June 2015, the Company approved the 2015 Stock Option Plan to provide grant of options to purchase shares of company stock with maximum aggregate number of 20 million common shares, subject to adjustment to account for changes in the capitalization of the Company.

On May 23, 2014, the Board of Directors approved the 2014 RSU Plan, which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The 2014 RSU Plan provides for discretionary grants of restricted stock units, or RSUs, to or for the benefit of participating employees. The maximum number of common shares that may be delivered to 2014 RSU Plan participants in connection with RSUs granted under the 2014 RSU Plan is 10,000,000, subject to adjustment if the Company's outstanding common shares are increased, decreased, changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or securities of the Company through a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction.

On May 23, 2014, the Company established a trust that is governed by a third party trustee and deposited US$7,042,725 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 4,234,884 common shares in the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The shares held by the third party trustee are legally outstanding as of June 30, 2016.

On April 10, 2015, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited $3,259,998 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 2,076,964 common shares from the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The shares held by the third party trustee are legally outstanding as of June 30, 2016.

On April 1, 2016, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited $4,003,999 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 1,614,220 common shares from the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The shares held by the third party trustee are legally outstanding as of June 30, 2016.

 (i) During the year ended December 31, 2015, 40,000 options were exercised at US$1.21 per share under the 2007 Plan.

(ii) During the year ended December 31, 2015, 2,179,902 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$3,349,172.

(iii) During the year ended December 31, 2015, 2,076,964 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$3,259,998 under the 2014 RSU Plan, which were granted to employees and directors.

(iv) During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company distributed quarterly dividends of US$0.025 per common share to common shareholders amounting to a total of US$14,751,704.

(v) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 530,600 options were exercised at US$1.21 per share under the 2007 Plan.

(vi) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 40,876 options were exercised at US$2.11 per share under the 2007 Plan.

 (vii) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 424,532 options were exercised at US$1.71 per share under the 2015 Plan.

(viii) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 10,042,496 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$21,216,816.

(ix) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, 1,614,220 common shares were repurchased at a total cost of US$4,003,999 under the 2014 RSU Plan, which were granted to employees and directors.

(x) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company distributed quarterly dividends of US$0.025 per common share to common shareholders amounting to a total of US$7,015,794.

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Earnings per share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Earnings per share [Abstract]

Earnings per share

13. Earnings per share

Basic and diluted net earnings per share for each period presented are calculated as follows:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Numerator:
Net income		24,672,899		32,644,969
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders – basic		24,672,899		32,644,969
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders – diluted		24,672,899		32,644,969
Denominator:
Number of shares outstanding, basic		147,035,708		134,617,909
Stock options		202,442		859,813
Weighted average number of RSU Stocks		-		3,507,210
Number of shares outstanding-diluted		147,238,150		138,984,932
Basic earnings per share		0.17		0.24
Diluted earnings per share		0.17		0.23

During the period ended June 30, 2016, 2,492,520 (June 30, 2015: 3,825,428) stock options were excluded from the calculation of earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

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Segment reporting

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment reporting

14. Segment reporting

The Group’s long-lived assets and revenue are mainly located in and derived from the PRC. Starting in 2012, a small portion of the Group’s long-lived assets and revenue are located in and derived from the United States. The Group considers that each of its individual property developments is a discrete operating segment. The Group has aggregated its segments in the PRC on a provincial basis as property development projects undertaken within a province have similar expected economic characteristics, type of properties offered, customers and market and regulatory environment. The Group’s reportable operating segments are comprised of Henan Province, Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Sichuan Province, Anhui Province and Beijing, in the PRC; and the United States.

Each geographic operating segment is principally engaged in the construction and development of residential real estate units. The “other” category relates to investment holdings, property management services, installation of intercom systems, landscaping, engineering and management, real estate sale, purchase and lease activities. The accounting policies of the various segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

The Group’s chief operating decision maker relies upon net sales, gross profit and net income when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. Net sales for geographic segments are generally based on the location of the project development. Net income for each segment includes net sales to third parties, related cost of sales and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment.

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2016.

Summary information by operating segment is as follows:

June 30, 2015	Henan			Shandong			Jiangsu			Sichuan			Beijing			Hainan			Hunan			Shanghai			Tianjin			United  States			Others			Consolidated
	US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$						US$			US$			US$
Total revenue		83,113,266			78,101,128			115,802,906			15,535,284			89,953,394			5,671,045			13,023,364			27,724,031			1,354			1,530,000			11,327,933			441,783,705
Total cost of revenue		(56,018,083	)		(64,723,711	)		(89,946,525	)		(13,983,733	)		(58,326,674	)		(3,506,459	)		(11,554,758	)		(24,720,534	)		-			(1,243,112	)		(8,835,361	)		(332,858,950	)
Gross profit		27,095,183			13,377,417			25,856,381			1,551,551			31,626,720			2,164,586			1,468,606			3,003,497			1,354			286,888			2,492,572			108,924,755
Operating income (loss)		10,010,016			8,595,252			19,942,825			(150,980	)		17,884,321			(1,301,112	)		(83,874	)		1,483,101			(3,979,779	)		(2,268,540	)		(4,647,250	)		45,483,980
Total assets		1,018,085,122			506,748,344			653,384,890			210,874,155			435,069,337			127,333,437			87,647,900			152,236,524			15,665,061			90,468,027			230,709,035			3,528,221,832

June 30, 2016	Henan			Shandong			Jiangsu			Sichuan			Beijing			Hainan			Hunan			Shanghai			Tianjin			Shaanxi			United  States			Others			Consolidated
	US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$						US$			US$			US$			US$
Total revenue		119,553,302			70,374,878			202,685,834			29,813,930			(1,386,005	)		3,226,183			47,149,283			52,878,300			29,313,476			34,631,218			10,637,670			13,128,767			612,006,836
Total cost of revenue		(83,659,454	)		(58,616,170	)		(165,396,280	)		(18,113,763	)		(11,700,115	)		(2,124,254	)		(33,555,074	)		(46,647,351	)		(19,632,495	)		(27,805,359	)		(8,478,447	)		(10,078,647	)		(485,807,409	)
Gross profit		35,893,848			11,758,708			37,289,554			11,700,167			(13,086,120	)		1,101,929			13,594,209			6,230,949			9,680,981			6,825,859			2,159,223			3,050,120			126,199,427
Operating income (loss)		14,561,118			8,752,351			32,361,083			10,147,129			(26,215,331	)		(678,037	)		11,154,848			5,052,355			2,801,291			5,164,716			515,640			(9,224,349	)		53,672,814
Total assets		1,280,769,729			341,341,744			579,948,282			228,230,266			363,653,591			105,150,545			157,933,901			104,433,782			27,670,527			157,696,610			214,905,849			202,621,534			3,764,356,360

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Commitments and contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

15. Commitments and contingencies

Commitments

Operating lease commitments

The Group leases certain of its office properties under non-cancellable operating lease arrangements. The terms of the leases do not contain rent escalation, or contingent rent, renewal, or purchase options. There are no restrictions placed upon the Group by entering into these leases.

As of June 30, 2016, the Group had the following operating lease obligations falling due:

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		5,587,901
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		4,583,295
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		2,978,560
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		547,412
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		417,345
Total		14,114,513

 Capital lease commitments

The Group leases a corporate aircraft under a non-cancellable capital lease arrangement. The terms of the lease do not contain contingent rent clauses.

As of June 30, 2016, the Group had the following minimum lease payments (excluding the portion of the payments representing executory costs, including any profit thereon) falling due:

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		5,129,226
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		5,129,226
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		5,129,226
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		5,129,226
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		5,129,226
Total minimum lease payments		25,646,130
Less interest		(6,095,345	)
Capital lease obligations		19,550,785
Less current maturities of capital lease obligations		(3,001,999	)
Long-term capital lease obligations		16,548,786

Other commitments

As of June 30, 2016, the Group had outstanding commitments with respect to non-cancelable construction contracts for real estate development and land use rights purchases as follows:

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		295,095,377
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		124,549,036
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		53,987,335
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		30,414,655
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		12,412,055
Total		516,458,458

Contingencies

As of June 30, 2016, the Group provided guarantees of US$1,680,552,328 (December 31, 2015: US$1,513,664,015), in favor of its customers in respect of mortgage loans granted by banks to such customers for their purchases of the Group’s properties where the underlying real estate ownership certificates can be provided to the banks on a time delay manner due to administrative procedures in the PRC. Pursuant to the terms of the guarantees, upon default in mortgage payments by these purchasers, the Group is responsible to repay the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty owed by the defaulted purchasers to the bank and the Group is entitled to take over the legal titles and possession of the related properties. The Group’s guarantee period starts from the date of grant of the relevant mortgage loan and ends upon issuance of real estate ownership certificate which will generally be available within six to twelve months after the purchaser takes possession of the relevant property.

 The fair value of the guarantees is not significantly different than the net realizable value of the properties and management considers that in case of default in payments, the net realizable value of the related properties can cover the repayment of the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty and therefore no provision has been made for the guarantees.

On May 30, 2014, the Modern City project developed by Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd., completed the LAT final settlement with the local tax bureau. The Company received a tax clearance certificate, which confirmed that the Company’s accrual under the deemed profit method was adequate and there were no additional tax adjustments assessed by the local tax bureau as of May 30, 2014. Based on the above, management performed a reassessment and concluded that the likelihood of the contingency amounted to US$16.2 million in relation to deemed profit method being overturned is only reasonably possible as of June 30, 2016.

In connection with Ozarks Term loan obtained by Hudson 888 Owner LLC, XIN Development Group International Inc. agreed to provide a number of guarantees jointly and severally to Ozarks Bank. As of June 30, 2016, the amount under these guarantee arrangements was approximately US$26.3 million. Based on information currently available, the Company does not believe that it is probable that XIN Development Group International Inc. be required to pay any amount under these guarantees. Therefore, no amounts have been recognized in the financial statements for the underlying of these guarantee arrangements.

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Accumulated other comprehensive income

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated other comprehensive income

16. Accumulated other comprehensive income

The movement of accumulated other comprehensive income is as follows:

	Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance as of December 31, 2015		30,951,837
Other comprehensive loss (unaudited)		(19,435,836	)
Balance as of June 30, 2016		11,516,001

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Non-controlling interests

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Non-controlling interests [Abstract]

Non-controlling interests

17. Non-controlling interests

The movement of non-controlling interest is as follows:

	Amount
	US$
Balance as of December 31, 2015		(18,819	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest(unaudited)		2,053,922
Acquisition of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 6)		5,724,339
Change in ownership interest of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 11 (d))		506,696
Effect of exchange rate (unaudited)		(145,037	)
Balance as of June 30, 2016		8,121,101

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Subsequent events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

18. Subsequent events

On July 13, 2016, Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. acquired a parcel of land in Zhengzhou, Henan Province for a consideration of RMB357.1 million, equivalent to US$53.9 million.

On August 1, 2016, the Company acquired a parcel of land, located at 135-35 Northern Blvd in Flushing, Queens, New York for US$66.0 million. 

On August 15, 2016, Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. issued the first tranche of new onshore corporate bonds with an aggregate principal amount of RMB1.5 billion (US$226 million) due on August 15, 2019 at a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum. Interest is payable on August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2016.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policy)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation

(a) The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation

The Group is principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In 2012, the Group expanded its business into the U.S. residential real estate market. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information using accounting policies that are consistent with those used in the preparation of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, operating results and cash flows of the Company for each of the periods presented. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the full year of 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and cease to be consolidated from the date on which control is transferred out of the Group. Where there is a loss of control of a subsidiary, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the results for the part of the reporting year during which the Group has control.

In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao as of June 30, 2016 and Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao as of December 31, 2015 are variable interest entities as they were not established with sufficient equity at risk to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was considered as the primary beneficiary of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, as it has the power to direct the activities of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao through its voting interest underlying the 95%, the 90% and the 80% equity interests, respectively, in accordance with PRC Company Law and the articles of association of Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, respectively. Based on the above, Jinan Wanzhuo, Henan Quansheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao are consolidated by the Company. As of June 30, 2016, the Company is considered as the primary beneficiary of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, as it has the power to direct the activities of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao through its voting interest underlying the 90%, the 90% and the 80% equity interests, respectively, in accordance with PRC Company Law and the articles of association of Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao, respectively. Based on the above, Henan Quansheng, Henan Shunsheng and Zhengzhou Shengdao are consolidated by the Company. 

Jinan Wanzhuo, with registered capital of US$48.8 million (RMB300.0 million), was established by the Company on December 4, 2013, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Jinan, Shandong province. On June 24, 2014 (“transaction date”), an unrelated asset management company purchased 5% of the equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and lent US$111.7 million (RMB685.0 million) to Jinan Wanzhuo. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 11.24%. As of December 31, 2015, Jinan Wanzhuo had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 5% of non-controlling equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary of the transaction date or the first anniversary of the transaction date when the Company requested to repurchase the 5% equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo above. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. On June 21, 2016, the Company repurchased the 5% equity interest of Jinan Wanzhuo from Ping’an and Jinan Wanzhuo ceased to be VIE.

Zhengzhou Shengdao, with registered capital of US$3.3 million (RMB20.0 million), was established by the Company on October 14, 2013, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 5, 2015 (“transaction date”), an unrelated asset management company purchased 20% of the equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and lent US$86.0 million (RMB526.0 million) to Zhengzhou Shengdao. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 10.984%. As of June 30, 2016, Zhengzhou Shengdao had two projects under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 20% of non-controlling equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier date of the second anniversary or 18 months of the transaction date when the Company requests to repurchase the 20% equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao above. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company planned to repurchase the 20% equity interest of Zhengzhou Shengdao within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as current liability as of June 30, 2016.

Henan Quansheng, with registered capital of US$6.5 million (RMB40.0 million), was established by the Company on January 14, 2015, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 23, 2015 (“transaction date”), an unrelated trustee company purchased 10% of the equity interest in Henan Quansheng and lent US$38.1 million (RMB233.0 million) to Henan Quansheng. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 11%. As of June 30, 2016, Henan Quansheng had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 10% of non-controlling equity interest of Henan Quansheng will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier date of the second anniversary or the date stated on the purchase notice sent by the unrelated trustee company when certain conditions were met. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company planned to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Quansheng within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as current liability as of June 30, 2016.

Henan Shunsheng, with registered capital of US$4.5 million (RMB30.0 million), was established by the Company on January 13, 2016, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Zhengzhou, Henan province. On March 31, 2016 (“transaction date”), an unrelated trustee company purchased 10% of the equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and lent US$43.3 million (RMB287.0 million) to Henan Shunsheng. The loan is for a two-year term and bears interest at an annual rate of 9%. As of June 30, 2016, Henan Shunsheng had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 10% of non-controlling equity interest of Henan Shunsheng will be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary date, or the date the Company elects to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Shunsheng. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. In addition, since the Company has no intention to repurchase the 10% equity interest of Henan Shunsheng within the next 12 months, the liability is classified as non-current liability as of June 30, 2016.

The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs are as follows:

	December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$ (Audited)		US$ (Unaudited)
Current assets		412,763,119		257,593,597
Non-current assets		7,469,208		11,218,510
Total assets		420,232,327		268,812,107
Current liabilities		262,759,976		220,164,997
Non-current liabilities		66,219,046		452,407
Total liabilities		328,979,022		220,617,404

The financial performance and cash flows of the VIEs are as follows:

	Six months ended June 30
	2015			2016
	US$ (Unaudited)			US$ (Unaudited)
Revenue		47,544,639			97,735,245
Cost of revenue		(41,274,288	)		(69,973,777	)
Net income		502,698			2,432,349
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities		(83,225,914	)		17,690,147
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,951,126	)		(4,627,334	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		98,722,047			20,839,240

As of June 30, 2016, the current assets of the VIEs included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group of US$ 18,973,048 (December 31, 2015: US$55,881,889), which was eliminated upon consolidation by the Company.

As of June 30, 2016, the land use rights included in real estate property under development of the VIEs of US$185,765,917 (December 31, 2015: US$289,057,933) were pledged as collateral for other debt. Creditors of the VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary.

The VIEs contributed 16.0% (Six-month period ended June 30, 2015: 10.8%) of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the six-month period ended June 30, 2016.

Use of Estimates

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment and capital lease, allowance for doubtful debt associated with accounts receivable, other receivables, deposit for land use rights, other deposits and prepayments and advances to suppliers, fair values of the purchase price allocation with respect to business combinations, revenue recognition for percentage of completion method, accounting for the share-based compensation, classification of financial instruments, accounting for mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, accounting for deferred income taxes, impairment of real estate properties under development, real estate properties held for lease and long-term investments, and provision necessary for contingent liabilities. Management analyzed the forecasted cash flows for the twelve months from June 30, 2016, which indicates that the Group will have sufficient liquidity from cash flows generated by operations and existing credit facilities and therefore will be sufficient financial resources to settle borrowings and payables that will be due in the next twelve months. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Foreign currency translation

(c) Foreign currency translation 

The Group’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company is U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the PRC. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia is Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), the currency of the Malaysia. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries other than those in the PRC and Malaysia is U.S. dollars. Transactions by the Company’s subsidiaries which are denominated in currencies other than RMB are remeasured into RMB at the exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) prevailing on the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than RMB are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as exchange gains. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The PRC subsidiaries’ financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

	June 30, 2015		December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1136		6.4936		6.6312
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1287		6.2272		6.5309

RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.

Senior Secured Notes

(d) Senior Secured Notes

On May 3, 2013, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due May 3, 2018 (the “May 2018 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 13.25% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on May 3 and November 3 of each year, commencing November 3, 2013. Given that the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes. The May 2018 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

On December 6, 2013, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due on June 6, 2019 (the "June 2019 Senior Secured Notes") at a coupon rate of 13% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing June 6, 2014. Given that the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2019 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par.

 On February 13, 2015, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, the Company amended the May 2018 and June 2019 Indentures (collectively, known as the “Indentures”) to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include changes to: (i) incur additional Indebtedness (as defined in the Indentures) in furtherance of the Company's business plans; (ii) make certain Restricted Payments (as defined in the Indentures) and Permitted Investments (as defined in the Indentures); and (iii) make certain deemed Investments (as defined in the Indentures) without having to satisfy the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Indentures) requirement. The amendments also amend (i) the “Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries” covenant in the Indentures to the extent that the Company believes necessary as a result of the amendments to other covenants and (ii) the “Limitation on Asset Sales” covenant in the Indentures to remove the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement for Asset Dispositions (as defined in the Indentures). The amendments also amended certain related definitions in the Indentures. The Company accounted for the amendments, which did not result in a debt extinguishment pursuant to ASC 470-50, Debt – Modifications and Exchanges.

On February 3, 2016, through a consent solicitation to the holders of the May 2018 Secured Notes and the June 2019 Secured Notes, the Company amended the Indentures to provide it with additional flexibility in pursuing new business opportunities and new sources of capital. The amendments to the Indentures include: (i) amending the provisions relating to future Subsidiary Guarantors, JV Subsidiary Guarantors and pledged subsidiary Capital Stock (each, as defined in the Indentures); (ii) amending the “Limitation on Indebtedness and Preferred Stock” covenant; (iii) amending the “Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates” covenant and the provisions relating to “Designation of Restricted Subsidiaries and Unrestricted Subsidiaries”; (iv) amending the definition of “Permitted Investment” and the “Limitation on Restricted Payments” covenant; and (v) removing the “Limitation on the Company’s Business Activities” covenant and amend the related definitions and provisions. The amendments also clarify certain other provisions in the Indentures.

Change of accounting policy

(e) Change of accounting policy

On January 1, 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-03, “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” and, as a result, the Company reclassified deferred debt issuance costs for all periods presented such that costs are included as a discount to other long-term debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Earnings per share

(f) Earnings per share

Earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. Common shares issuable upon the conversion of the convertible note, were included in diluted earnings per common share computation for the period during which they were outstanding using the if-converted method. Common share equivalents consists of common shares issuable upon the exercise of the share options and vesting of restricted shares units using treasury stock method. Common equivalents shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. The non-vested options granted with performance conditions are excluded in the computation of diluted EPS unless the options are dilutive and unless their conditions (a) have been satisfied at the reporting date or (b) would have been satisfied if the reporting date was the end of the contingency period.  

Short-term investments

(g) Short-term investments

All highly liquid investments with original maturities of greater than three months, but less than 12 months, are classified as short-term investments. Investments that are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months are also included in short-term investments. The Company accounts for its investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with ASC 320-10 (“ASC 320-10”), Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Overall. The Company classifies the investments in debt and equity securities as “held-to-maturity”, “trading” or “available-for-sale”, whose classification determines the respective accounting methods stipulated by ASC 320-10. Dividend and interest income, including amortization of the premium and discount arising at acquisition, for all categories of investments in securities are included in earnings. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of the short-term investments are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected in earnings during the period in which such gains or losses are realized.

The securities that the Company has positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and stated at amortized cost. For individual securities classified as held-to-maturity securities, the Company evaluates whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary in accordance with the Company’s policy and ASC 320-10. When the Company intends to sell an impaired debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred. In these instances, the other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the entire excess of the debt security’s amortized cost basis over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. When the Company does not intend to sell an impaired debt security and it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company must determine whether or not it will recover its amortized cost basis. If the Company concludes that it will not, an other-than-temporary impairment exists and that portion of the credit loss is recognized in earnings, while the portion of loss related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

The securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities. Realized gains and losses, and unrealized holding gains and losses for trading securities are included in earnings.

Investments not classified as trading or as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains or losses are charged to earnings during the period in which the gain or loss is realized. An impairment loss on available-for-sale securities would be recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income when the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Fair value of financial instruments

(h) Fair value of financial instruments

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted deposit, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related party, other receivables, investment in joint venture and other long-term investment, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, and borrowings. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted deposit, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related party, other receivables, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, and short-term bank borrowings approximate their fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments. The Group is exposed to credit risk for financial assets and its maximum amount of loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty is the recorded amount. The Group generally does not require collateral for its financial assets or liabilities, except as disclosed in Note 7, Note 8 and Note 9. Trading securities were initially recognized at cost and subsequently remeasured at the end of each reporting period with the adjustment in its fair value recognized in profit and loss. Available-for-sale securities were initially recognized at cost and subsequently remeasured at the end of each reporting period with the adjustment in its fair value recognized in accumulated comprehensive income.

Investment in joint ventures and other long-term investments have no quoted market prices and it is not practicable to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive costs. The Group reviews the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may no longer be recoverable.

The carrying amounts of the long-term borrowings approximate their fair values because the stated interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable credit risk and maturities.

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets

Level 2-Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place

Level 3-Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity

The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values except for the short-term investments.

ASC 820 describes three main approaches for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

In accordance with ASC 820, the investment in equity securities, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and money market instrument classified as trading security is within Level 1 as the Company measures the fair value using quoted trading prices that are published on a regular basis.

Asset acquisition and business combinations

(i) Asset acquisition and business combinations

Pursuant to ASC 805 (“ASC 805”), Business Combinations, the Company determines whether a transaction or other event is a business combination by applying the definition below, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. If the assets acquired are not a business, the reporting entity shall account for the transaction or other event as an asset acquisition. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs. Although businesses usually have outputs, outputs are not required for an integrated set to qualify as a business. The three elements of a business are defined as follows:

a. Input. Any economic resource that creates, or has the ability to create, outputs when one or more processes are applied to it.

b. Process. Any system, standard, protocol, convention, or rule that when applied to an input or inputs, creates or has the ability to create outputs.

c. Output. The result of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that provide or have the ability to provide a return in the form of dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors or other owners, members, or participants.

The Company accounted for its acquisitions of Shandong Renju on March 2, 2015 as asset acquisitions since the acquired entities had no processes in place to apply to inputs to have the ability to create outputs.

Effect of change in estimate

(j) Effect of change in estimate

Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to percentage of completion revenues are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, real estate development projects (Chengdu Xinyuan Splendid I, Chengdu Thriving Family, Suzhou Lake Royal Palace, Kunshan Royal Palace, Zhengzhou Xin City, Beijing Xindo Park, Xi’an Metropolitan, Henan Xin Central I , Zhengzhou Fancy City I, Tianjin Spring Royal Palace), which recognized gross profits in 2015, had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As of June 30, 2016, each of these projects has a percentage of completion at 31.3% or more. As the unit sales and selling prices were on an upward trend during the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Group revised upwards its prior estimates related to selling prices and total estimated sales values in conjunction with the change in total estimated costs, which led to a decrease of the percentage sold and thus a decrease in the recognized costs. As a result of the changes in estimate above, gross profit, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share increased by US$18.7 million, US$14.0 million, US$0.10 per share, and US$0.10 per share, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Long-term investments

(k) Long-term investments

The Company’s long-term investments consist of cost method investments. In accordance with ASC subtopic 325-20 (“ASC 325-20”), Investments- Other: Cost Method Investments, for investments in an investee over which the Company does not have significant influence and which do not have readily determinable fair value, the Company carries the investment at cost and only adjusts for other-than-temporary declines in fair value and distributions of earnings that exceed the Company’s share of earnings since its investment. Management regularly evaluates the impairment of the cost method investments based on performance and financial position of the investee as well as other evidence of market value. Such evaluation includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the investee’s cash position, recent financing, projected and historical financial performance, cash flow forecasts and financing needs. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the excess of the investment’s cost over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of investment. Cost method accounting is also applied to investments that are not considered as “in-substance” common stock investments, and do not have readily determinable fair values.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(l) Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

In August 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the effective date (“ASU 2015-14”). The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers issued in May 2014. According to the amendments in ASU 2015-14, the new revenue guidance ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Group is currently evaluating the method of adoption to be utilized and it cannot currently estimate the financial statement impact of adoption.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes-Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). The amendments in this update simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in ASU 2015-17 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of the guidance is not expected to have significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”) which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customers. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, with the option to adopt it in the first quarter of 2017. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”) to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, an option to recognize gross share-based compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2017, and early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Background information of business and organization (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Subsidiaries and its Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

Company Name	Registered/Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd.	Cayman Islands October 6, 2011	US$	500,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited.	Hong Kong October 26, 2011	HK$	3,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
XIN Development Group International Inc.	United States November 10, 2011	US$	0		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. (“Xinyuan”)	Cayman Islands January 27, 2006	US$	50,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
South Glory International Ltd.	Hong Kong January 17, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Victory Good Development Ltd.	Hong Kong January 17, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Elite Quest Holdings Ltd.	Hong Kong November 19, 2001	HK$	10,000		100	%	Investment holding company
XIN Irvine, LLC	United States July 12, 2012	US$	50,000		100	%	Real estate development
Vista Sierra, LLC	United States May 1, 2012	US$	0		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Development Management East, LLC	United States August 28, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Property management services
XIN NY Holding, LLC	United States August 29, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
421 Kent Development, LLC	United States August 29, 2012	US$	1,000		100	%	Real estate development

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd.	Hong Kong June 21, 2013	HK$	3,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd	Malaysia April 16, 2007	MYR	33,577,000		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd	Malaysia July 9, 2014	MYR	33,217,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Xinyuan Internet Finance Co., Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
New Dawn International  Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
New Legend International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
NewPoint International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
NewGrace International Ltd.	Cayman Islands July 7, 2015	US$	50,000		100	%	Investment holding company
China Online Finance Research Institute Limited	Hong Kong July 17, 2015	US$	1,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Genesis Ocean Investments Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Honest View Development Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Honour Triumph Enterprises Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Well Poly Holdings Ltd.	Hong Kong August 19, 2015	HK$	100		100	%	Investment holding company
Zhengzhou Yasheng Construction Material Co., Ltd.	PRC October 22, 2013	US$	50,000,000		100	%	Sales of construction material
Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co., Ltd	PRC December 2, 2013	US$	60,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Yusheng Landscape Design Co., Ltd.	PRC December 25, 2013	US$	70,000,000		100	%	Landscaping engineering and management
Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. (“WFOE”)	PRC April 10, 2006	US$	307,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Xinyuan”)	PRC May 19, 1997	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC February 9, 2006	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC June 2, 2006	RMB	300,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd. (“Xinyuan Property Service”)	PRC December 28, 1998	RMB	50,000,000		94	%	Property management services
Zhengzhou Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd.	PRC February 17, 2004	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Landscaping engineering and management
Zhengzhou Xinyuan Computer Network Engineering Co., Ltd.	PRC May 26, 2004	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Installation of intercom systems
Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd.   (“Henan Wanzhuo”)	PRC December 29, 2011	RMB	20,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Xinyuan”)	PRC November 24, 2006	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC December 7, 2006	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC January 31, 2008	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co., Ltd.	PRC June 12, 2007	RMB	220,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC November 09, 2009	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC November 15, 2009	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Wanzhong”)	PRC March 4, 2008	RMB	900,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Heju Management Consulting Service Co. Ltd.	PRC January 16, 2009	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd.	PRC January 16, 2009	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Jiantou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Jiantou Xinyuan”)	PRC June 13, 2005	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC March 8, 2012	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Real estate consulting services
Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co., Ltd.	PRC August 10, 2012	RMB	2,000,000		100	%	Leasing management services
Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Xinyuan”)	PRC September 20, 2012	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC March 28, 2005	RMB	150,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing XIN Media Co., Ltd.	PRC July 10, 2013	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Culture and Media services

Company Name	Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Paid-up Capital		Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			Principal Activities
Subsidiary companies:
Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Xingyang Xinyuan”)	PRC July 25, 2013	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
APEC Construction Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd.	PRC August 1, 2013	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Beijing Xinxiang Huicheng Decoration Co., Ltd.	PRC October 18, 2013	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Property decoration services
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Jinan Wanzhuo”)	PRC December 4, 2013	RMB	300,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xinrongji (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC December 25, 2013	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Junxin”)	PRC January 16, 2014	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	PRC January 10, 2014	RMB	200,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC February 21, 2014	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Zhengzhou Hengsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC June 19, 2014	RMB	20,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Xinyuan Xindo Park E-commerce Co., Ltd.	PRC August 12, 2014	RMB	202,000,000		100	%	Electronic commerce
Beijing Economy Cooperation Ruifeng Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC September 15, 2014	RMB	20,000,000		90	%	Real estate development
Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC September 17, 2014	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Xi’an Xinyuan Metropolitan Business Management Co., Ltd.	PRC November 25, 2014	RMB	3,000,000		100	%	Property management services
Beijing Xinleju Technology Development Co., Ltd.	PRC December 24, 2014	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Technical service
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Changsha Wanzhuo”)	PRC April 3, 2014	RMB	100,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Beijing Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC January 1, 2015	RMB	30,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Jinan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC December 4, 2015	RMB	3,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Henan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd.	PRC March 23, 2015	RMB	10,000,000		100	%	Retail store
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.	PRC July 27, 2015	RMB	40,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center  (Limited partnership)	PRC July 28, 2015	RMB	100,000		100	%	Property management services
Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd.	PRC May 5, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Shenzhen Xileju Technology Development Co., Ltd.	PRC June 4, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Intelligent information system development
Shenzhen Xilefu Internet Financial Service Co., Ltd.	PRC June 12, 2015	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Marketing Co., Ltd.	PRC July 30, 2015	RMB	1,000,000		100	%	Real estate marketing
Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Renju”)	PRC November 19, 2011	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Real estate development
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi Zhongmao”)*	PRC June 22, 1998	RMB	22,500,000		65.98	%	Real estate development
421 Kent Holding Co, Ltd	United States May 2, 2014	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Hudson 888 Owner LLC	United States October 22, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Real estate development
XIN Manhattan Holding LLC	United States December 9, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Hudson 888 Holding LLC	United States December 9, 2015	US$	1,000		100	%	Investment holding company
Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC January 20, 2016	RMB	500,000		100	%	Dormant
Shenzhen Keye Investment Co., Ltd.	PRC February 26, 2016	RMB	5,000,000		100	%	Dormant
Henan YueshenghangProperty Service Co., Ltd.	PRC April 15, 2016	RMB	50,000,000		100	%	Property management services
VIEs:
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Shengdao”)	PRC October 14, 2013	RMB	20,000,000		80	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Quansheng”)	PRC January 14, 2015	RMB	40,000,000		90	%	Real estate development
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Shunsheng”)	PRC January 13, 2016	RMB	30,000,000		90	%	Real estate development

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Information Related to VIE's

	December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$ (Audited)		US$ (Unaudited)
Current assets		412,763,119		257,593,597
Non-current assets		7,469,208		11,218,510
Total assets		420,232,327		268,812,107
Current liabilities		262,759,976		220,014,195
Non-current liabilities		66,219,046		603,209
Total liabilities		328,979,022		220,617,404

	Six months ended June 30
	2015			2016
	US$ (Unaudited)			US$ (Unaudited)
Revenue		47,544,639			97,735,245
Cost of revenue		(41,274,288	)		(69,973,777	)
Net income		502,698			2,432,349
Net cash used in operating activities		(83,225,914	)		17,690,147
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,951,126	)		(4,627,334	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		98,722,047			20,839,240

Schedule Of Foreign Currency Translation

	June 30, 2015		December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1136		6.4936		6.6312
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		6.1287		6.2272		6.5309

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Short-term investments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Short-Term Investments

	December 31, 2015
	US$ (Audited)
	Aggregate fair value		Cost		Unrealized gain in profit and loss
Trading securities:
REITs		1,167,647		1,124,293		43,354
Money market instrument		76,999		70,910		6,089
Total		1,244,646		1,195,203		49,443

	June 30, 2016
	US$ (Unaudited)
	Aggregate fair value		Cost		Unrealized gain in profit and loss
Short-term investments		16,535,390		16,527,928		7,462
Trading securities:
Equity securities		5,291,933		5,262,675		29,258
REITs		10,570,904		9,840,669		730,235
Total		32,398,227		31,631,272		766,955

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Real estate properties under development (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Real Estate Properties Under Development

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
Under development:
Current:
Jinan Xinyuan Splendid		40,847,827			-
Xuzhou Colorful City		54,157,809			35,692,007
Zhengzhou Xin City		46,165,101			13,201,317
Beijing Xindo Park		176,553,742			75,275,292
Kunshan Royal Palace		215,917,469			106,269,767
Suzhou Lake Royal Palace		267,569,547			160,683,079
Xingyang Splendid I		32,010,140			20,520,326
Xingyang Splendid II		43,311,674			49,770,958
Xingyang Splendid III		23,896,026			25,552,920
Xingyang Splendid IV		6,762,190			7,186,781
Zhengzhou Thriving Family		29,098,191			9,264,361
Zhengzhou Xindo Park		73,294,372			65,353,548
Jinan Royal Palace		261,268,961			224,396,572
Sanya Yazhou Bay No.1		109,896,103			113,749,483
Shanghai Royal Palace		215,117,468			178,883,202
Changsha Xinyuan Splendid		194,444,916			186,196,892
Chengdu Thriving Family		258,173,028			254,337,919
Jinan Xin Central		163,174,394			103,148,161
Zhengzhou Fancy City I		71,896,698			53,112,844
Tianjin Spring Royal Palace		65,583,961			71,453,892
Henan Xin Central II		39,117,259			41,110,480
Henan Xin Central I		127,696,203			89,942,514
Xi'an Xindo Park		-			236,612,282
Kunshan Xindo Park		-			85,803,213
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(South)		-			40,623,552
Zhengzhou Fancy City II(North)		-			37,975,124
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd (“Malaysia project”)		8,165,745			10,774,342
New York Oosten		226,208,448			258,591,803
Hudson Garden project		-			61,399,802
		2,750,327,272			2,616,882,433
Profit recognized		347,083,874			181,806,263
Less: progress billings		(1,210,089,345	)		(716,009,141	)
Total real estate property under development		1,887,321,801			2,082,679,555

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Other long-term investment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Long-term Investment

Cost method investee	Initial Cost		Ownership			December 31, 2015		June 30, 2016
	US$					US$		US$
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.		30,865,904		80	%		30,865,904		30,865,904
Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd.		241,648		1.85	%		241,648		241,648

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Acquisition of subsidiaries (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Acquisition of subsidiaries [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Flow In Respect of Business Acquisition

	US$
Cash consideration paid		-
Cash and cash equivalents acquired		15,055,431
Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

	US$
Purchase consideration		516,086
Fair value of non-controlling interest		5,724,339
Fair value of previously held equity interests (i)		8,581,461
Bargain purchase gain recognized in other income		2,004,507
		16,826,393
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431
Restricted cash		16,560,251
Real estate properties under development		180,647,050
Property and equipment, net		329,582
Current assets		54,780,760
Current liabilities		(250,546,681	)
Net assets acquired		16,826,393

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Short-term bank loans and other debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Short-term Debt [Abstract]

Schedule of Short-Term Loans

	December 31,		June 30,
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Loan from China Guangfa Bank
Due January 21, 2017, at 5.0025% per annum		-		12,064,182
		-		12,064,182
Loan from Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd.
Due July 7, 2016, at 11.00% per annum(2)		-		7,540,113
Due July 24, 2016, at 9.50% per annum(3)		-		4,524,068
		-		12,064,181
Loan from The Bank of East Asia
Due June 2, 2016, at 2.00% plus 3 month LIBOR(8)		9,675,655		-
Due August 16, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		20,000,000		20,000,000
Due August 31, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		9,700,000		9,700,000
Due September 20, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		2,220,000		2,220,000
Due October 27, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		13,250,000		13,250,000
Due November 18, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		14,958,974		14,958,974
Due November 23, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(4)		34,421,617		34,421,617
		104,226,246		94,550,591
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch
Due July 21, 2016, at 1.2% per annum(5)		30,000,000		30,000,000
Due September 26, 2016, at 1.55% per annum(5)		13,000,000		13,000,000
Due October 11, 2016, at 1.55% per annum(5)		20,000,000		20,000,000
		63,000,000		63,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited ("ICBC (Asia)")
Due May 18, 2016, at 2% plus 3 month LIBOR(1)		10,000,000		-
Due October 5, 2016, at 1.6% plus 3 month LIBOR(6)		20,000,000		20,000,000
		30,000,000		20,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Thai) Public Company Limited ("ICBC (Thai)")
Due September 21, 2016, at 1.7% plus 3 month LIBOR(7)		25,000,000		25,000,000
		25,000,000		25,000,000
Total short-term bank loans and other debt		222,226,246		226,678,954

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 1, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group’s accounts receivable with net book value of US$9,425,142.

(3) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 10, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group’s accounts receivable with net book value of US$5,655,085.

(4) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these six loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$20.0 million, US$9.7 million, US$2.2 million, US$13.3 million, US$15.0 million and US$34.4 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$20,509,108 (December 31, 2015: US$20,943,698), US$9,955,966 (December 31, 2015: US$10,166,934), US$2,337,435 (December 31, 2015: US$2,386,966), US$13,466,643 (December 31, 2015: US$13,752,002), US$15,231,029 (December 31, 2015: US$15,553,766) and US$35,133,912 (December 31, 2015: US$35,878,403) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(5) Pursuant to the loan contract with Bank of China Tokyo Branch, these three loans from Bank of China Tokyo Branch amounting to US$30.0 million, US$13.0 million and US$20.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposit of US$30,009,651 (December 31, 2015: US$30,645,559), US$13,421,402 (December 31, 2015: US$13,705,803) and US$20,659,911 (December 31, 2015: US$21,097,696) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(6) Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Asia) this loan from ICBC (Asia), amounting to US$20.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$20,810,713 (December 31, 2015: US$21,251,694). Such deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(7) Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Thai) this loan from ICBC (Thai), amounting to US$25.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$25,862,589 (December 31, 2015: US$26,410,620). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(8) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, the loan from The Bank of East Asia amounting to US$9.7 million, the maturity was extended from June 2, 2016 to June 1, 2018. Accordingly, this loan is classified as Long-term bank loans on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

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Long-term bank loans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Long-term Debt, Unclassified [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Bank Loans

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
Loan from ICBC
Due July 20, 2016 at 5.25% per annum (1)		10,779,845			-
		10,779,845			-
Loan from Agricultural Bank of China
Due May 18, 2016, at 5.78% per annum(1)		6,159,911			-
		6,159,911			-
Loan from China Guangfa Bank
Due May 29, 2016, at 8.00% per annum(1)		3,233,953			-
Due December 23, 2017, at 8.4% per annum(1)		6,159,911			-
Due February 17, 2018, at 5.7% per annum(2)		30,799,556			27,144,408
		40,193,420			27,144,408
Loan from China Construction Bank
Due January 23, 2017, at 5.70% per annum(2)		76,998,891			67,861,021
		76,998,891			67,861,021
Loan from Bank of Shanghai
Due April 30, 2017, at 9.10% per annum(1)		35,419,490			-
		35,419,490			-
Loan from Ping An Bank
Due March 20, 2018, at 9.25% per annum(1)		43,119,380			-
		43,119,380			-
Loan from Bo Hai Bank
Due March 14, 2019, at 5.415% per annum(2)		-			45,240,680
		-			45,240,680
Loan from The Bank of East Asia
Due April 27, 2018, at 6.18% per annum(1)		47,428,237			-
Due June 1, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			9,675,655
Due April 26, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			13,250,000
Due June 5, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR(3)		-			10,000,000
		47,428,237			32,925,655
Total		260,099,174			173,171,764
Less: current portion of long-term bank loans		(246,239,374	)		(122,149,837	)
Total long-term bank loans		13,859,800			51,021,927

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the loan contracts, if the Group achieves an agreed upon sales target from the sales of the underlying real estate properties under development, the Group has an obligation to repay the loan before the maturity date. Therefore, the respective current portions of these loans have been classified as current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(3) Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these three loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$9.7 million, US$13.3 million and US$10.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$10,254,554, US$13,775,787, and US$10,556,159 respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

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Other long-term debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Other Long-term Debt [Abstract]

Other Long-term Debt

	December 31, 2015			June 30, 2016
	US$			US$
	(Audited)			(Unaudited)
May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25%		186,703,168			179,553,073
June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13%		195,662,295			186,556,097
Corporate bonds due on December 28, 2020 at 7.5%		152,962,917			149,945,322
Corporate bonds due on January 27, 2021 at 7.47%		-			105,193,734
Corporate bonds due on March 14, 2021 at 7.09%		-			75,129,632
Collateralized loan due on April 3, 2016 at 11% (1)		38,453,246			-
Collateralized loan due on December 23, 2017 at 9%		61,221,818			44,871,215
Collateralized loan due on July 9, 2017 at 9%		54,484,415			38,946,194
Collateralized loan due on December 31, 2016 at 12.5% (1)		69,129,605			-
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 12.5% (1)		3,079,956			-
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2017 at 10%		38,499,446			30,160,454
Collateralized loan due on November 20, 2016 at 12.5% (1)		46,199,335			-
Collateralized loan due on January 7, 2017 at 8.50%		-			7,992,520
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 11.8% (1)		17,709,745			-
Collateralized loan due on July 15, 2017 at 11.8%		14,583,590			14,280,975
Collateralized loan due on June 25, 2017 at 12% (2)		69,299,002			52,780,794
Collateralized loan due on September 17, 2017 at 9%		10,779,844			10,556,159
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2018 at 11.00%		-			22,620,340
Collateralized loan due on April 25, 2018 at 8.05%		-			61,527,325
Collateralized loan due on May 10, 2018 at 9.40%		-			45,240,680
Collateralized loan due on May 30, 2018 at 9.00%(3)		-			75,401,134
Collateralized loan due on June 19, 2018 at 9.50%		-			75,401,134
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018, at 10.50% (4)		-			29,104,838
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018, at 8.50%(4)		-			52,780,794
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 30, 2018, at 9.00% (5)		-			23,072,747
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on June 30, 2016 at 11.24% (6)		28,489,590			-
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 13, 2017 at 10.98%(7)		81,002,834			79,321,993
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on May 13, 2017 at 11%(8)		35,881,483			22,620,340
Fortress Credit Co. LLC loan due on June 9, 2017 at 7.25% plus LIBOR(9)		91,956,236			110,193,778
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on January 23, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on April 30, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on June 25, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 4, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 20, 2020 at 5.95%(10)		5,000,000			5,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on October 1, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on November 23, 2020 at 5.95% (10)		10,000,000			10,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on March 15, 2021 at 5.95% (10)		-			9,500,000
Ozarks loan due on July 13, 2017 at 4.5% plus 1 month LIBOR(11)		-			26,290,991
Total principal of other long-term debt		1,246,098,525			1,579,042,263
Total		1,246,098,525			1,579,042,263
Less: current portion of other long-term debt		(348,594,822	)		(686,944,241	)
Total other long-term debt		897,503,703			892,098,022

(1) These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

(2) Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 100% equity interest of Shandong Renju.

(3) Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 100% equity interest of Changsha Wanzhuo.

(4)  Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 55% equity interest of Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.

(5) Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on March 31, 2016, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Shunsheng, this other debt is secured by the Group’s 90% equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$71,343,962 (December 31, 2015: US$nil). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(6) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on June 24, 2014, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Jinan Wanzhuo, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 95% equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and the Group’s land use rights. This other long-term debt was paid in full in June 2016.

(7) Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping’an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on March 10, 2015, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Zhengzhou Shengdao, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group’s 80% equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$ 92,091,611(December 31, 2015: US$136,098,821).

(8) Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on May 9, 2015, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Quansheng, this other debt is secured by the Group’s 90% equity interest in Henan Quansheng and the Group’s land use rights with net book value of US$22,330,344 (December 31, 2015: US$41,295,897) and Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$1,081,221(December 31, 2015: US$7,345,027). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

(9) Pursuant to the agreements with Fortress Credit Co. LLC entered into on June 9, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$165 million in total with US$110.2 million utilized, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$ 30,211,282(December 31, 2015: US$29,918,940). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

(10) Pursuant to the agreements with Kent EB-5 LLC entered into on September 23, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$60 million in total with US$59.5 million utilized, is denominated in US$ with mature dates vary from January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2021.  

(11) Pursuant to the Ozarks Term loan, Hudson 888 Owner LLC has agreed to provide security in the form of mortgages and assignment of leases and rents. In addition, XIN Development Group International Inc., agreed to, jointly and severally, provide a number of guarantees, including carve out guaranty, completion guaranty, repayment guaranty and carry guaranty to Ozarks and its successors in relation to the mortgaged property, liabilities of and/or payments to Ozarks.

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Income taxes (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

	US$
Balance as of December 31, 2015		17,842,283
Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation		239,190
Balance as of June 30, 2016		18,081,473

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Related party and employee transactions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd.		45,072,727		-
Beijing Starry Sky Cinema Co., Ltd		2,741,161		3,711,419
Beijing Aijieli Technology Development Co., Ltd.		-		1,478,719
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.		10,816,284		40,400,610
		58,630,172		45,590,748

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Advances to employees		350,919		1,871,777

	December 31,  2015		June 30, 2016
	US$		US$
	(Audited)		(Unaudited)
Zhengzhou Xinnan Real estate Co., Ltd.		-		15,080,227

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Earnings per share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Earnings per share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

	Six months ended June 30,
	2015		2016
	US$		US$
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Numerator:
Net income		24,672,899		32,644,969
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders – basic		24,672,899		32,644,969
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders – diluted		24,672,899		32,644,969
Denominator:
Number of shares outstanding, basic		147,035,708		134,617,909
Stock options		202,442		859,813
Weighted average number of RSU Stocks		-		3,507,210
Number of shares outstanding-diluted		147,238,150		138,984,932
Basic earnings per share		0.17		0.24
Diluted earnings per share		0.17		0.23

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Segment reporting (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Information by Segment

June 30, 2015	Henan			Shandong			Jiangsu			Sichuan			Beijing			Hainan			Hunan			Shanghai			Tianjin			United  States			Others			Consolidated
	US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$						US$			US$			US$
Total revenue		83,113,266			78,101,128			115,802,906			15,535,284			89,953,394			5,671,045			13,023,364			27,724,031			1,354			1,530,000			11,327,933			441,783,705
Total cost of revenue		(56,018,083	)		(64,723,711	)		(89,946,525	)		(13,983,733	)		(58,326,674	)		(3,506,459	)		(11,554,758	)		(24,720,534	)		-			(1,243,112	)		(8,835,361	)		(332,858,950	)
Gross profit		27,095,183			13,377,417			25,856,381			1,551,551			31,626,720			2,164,586			1,468,606			3,003,497			1,354			286,888			2,492,572			108,924,755
Operating income (loss)		10,010,016			8,595,252			19,942,825			(150,980	)		17,884,321			(1,301,112	)		(83,874	)		1,483,101			(3,979,779	)		(2,268,540	)		(4,647,250	)		45,483,980
Total assets		1,018,085,122			506,748,344			653,384,890			210,874,155			435,069,337			127,333,437			87,647,900			152,236,524			15,665,061			90,468,027			230,709,035			3,528,221,832

June 30, 2016	Henan			Shandong			Jiangsu			Sichuan			Beijing			Hainan			Hunan			Shanghai			Tianjin			Shaanxi			United  States			Others			Consolidated
	US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$			US$						US$			US$			US$			US$
Total revenue		119,553,302			70,374,878			202,685,834			29,813,930			(1,386,005	)		3,226,183			47,149,283			52,878,300			29,313,476			34,631,218			10,637,670			13,128,767			612,006,836
Total cost of revenue		(83,659,454	)		(58,616,170	)		(165,396,280	)		(18,113,763	)		(11,700,115	)		(2,124,254	)		(33,555,074	)		(46,647,351	)		(19,632,495	)		(27,805,359	)		(8,478,447	)		(10,078,647	)		(485,807,409	)
Gross profit		35,893,848			11,758,708			37,289,554			11,700,167			(13,086,120	)		1,101,929			13,594,209			6,230,949			9,680,981			6,825,859			2,159,223			3,050,120			126,199,427
Operating income (loss)		14,561,118			8,752,351			32,361,083			10,147,129			(26,215,331	)		(678,037	)		11,154,848			5,052,355			2,801,291			5,164,716			515,640			(9,224,349	)		53,672,814
Total assets		1,280,769,729			341,341,744			579,948,282			228,230,266			363,653,591			105,150,545			157,933,901			104,433,782			27,670,527			157,696,610			214,905,849			202,621,534			3,764,356,360

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Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		5,587,901
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		4,583,295
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		2,978,560
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		547,412
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		417,345
Total		14,114,513

Schedule of Capital Lease Obligations

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		5,129,226
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		5,129,226
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		5,129,226
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		5,129,226
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		5,129,226
Total minimum lease payments		25,646,130
Less interest		(6,095,345	)
Capital lease obligations		19,550,785
Less current maturities of capital lease obligations		(3,001,999	)
Long-term capital lease obligations		16,548,786

Schedule of Outstanding Commitments

	Amount
	US$
	(Unaudited)
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017		295,095,377
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018		124,549,036
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019		53,987,335
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020		30,414,655
July 1, 2020 and thereafter		12,412,055
Total		516,458,458

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Accumulated other comprehensive income (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

	Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance as of December 31, 2015		30,951,837
Other comprehensive loss (unaudited)		(19,435,836	)
Balance as of June 30, 2016		11,516,001

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Non-controlling interests (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Schedule of Movement of Non-Controlling Interest

	Amount
	US$
Balance as of December 31, 2015		(18,819	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest(unaudited)		2,053,922
Acquisition of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 6)		5,724,339
Change in ownership interest of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 11 (d))		506,696
Effect of exchange rate (unaudited)		(145,037	)
Balance as of June 30, 2016		8,121,101

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Background information of business and organization (Details)			6 Months Ended
		Feb. 23, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016 CNY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2016 HKD	Jun. 30, 2016 MYR	Jun. 21, 2016	Apr. 25, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	May 15, 2015	Mar. 23, 2015	Mar. 05, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 02, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Jun. 24, 2014 USD ($)	Apr. 11, 2014	Jan. 27, 2014	Oct. 18, 2013
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			90.00%	90.00%	90.00%	90.00%
Management [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired								6.00%
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity interest held by partners													20.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Oct. 14, 2013
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 3,300,000										$ 3,300,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			80.00%	80.00%	80.00%	80.00%
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital				¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			80.00%	80.00%	80.00%	80.00%
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Quansheng") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity interest held by partners												10.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 14, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 6,500,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			90.00%	90.00%	90.00%	90.00%
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Quansheng") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital				¥ 40,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			90.00%	90.00%	90.00%	90.00%
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Shunsheng") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity interest held by partners			10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 13, 2016
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 4,500,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			90.00%	90.00%	90.00%	90.00%
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Shunsheng") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital				¥ 30,000,000
Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Oct. 06, 2011
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 500,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Oct. 26, 2011
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 3,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
XIN Development Group International Inc. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 10, 2011
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 0
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. ("Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 27, 2006
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
South Glory International Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 17, 2001
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 10,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Victory Good Development Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 17, 2001
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 10,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 19, 2001
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 10,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
XIN Irvine, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 12, 2012
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Vista Sierra, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			May 01, 2012
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 0
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
XIN Development Management East, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 28, 2012
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
XIN NY Holding, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 29, 2012
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
421 Kent Development, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 29, 2012
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 21, 2013
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 3,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Apr. 16, 2007
Paid-up Capital | MYR						MYR 33,577,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd ("Malaysia project") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired															100.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 09, 2014
Paid-up Capital | MYR						MYR 33,217,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan Internet Finance Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 07, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
New Dawn International Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 07, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
New Legend International Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 07, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
NewPoint International Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 07, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
NewGrace International Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 07, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
China Online Finance Research Institute Limited [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 17, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Genesis Ocean Investments Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 19, 2015
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 100
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Honest View Development Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 19, 2015
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 100
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Honour Triumph Enterprises Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 19, 2015
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 100
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Well Poly Holdings Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 19, 2015
Paid-up Capital | HKD					HKD 100
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Zhengzhou Yasheng Construction Material Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Oct. 22, 2013
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 02, 2013
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 60,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Zhengzhou Yusheng Landscape Design Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 25, 2013
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 70,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. ("WFOE") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Apr. 10, 2006
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 307,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			May 19, 1997
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Feb. 09, 2006
Paid-up Capital				¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 02, 2006
Paid-up Capital				¥ 300,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd. ("Xinyuan Property Service") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 28, 1998
Paid-up Capital				¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			94.00%	94.00%	94.00%	94.00%
Zhengzhou Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Feb. 17, 2004
Paid-up Capital				¥ 2,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Zhengzhou Xinyuan Computer Network Engineering Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			May 26, 2004
Paid-up Capital				¥ 2,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Wanzhuo") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 29, 2011
Paid-up Capital				¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Suzhou Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 24, 2006
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 07, 2006
Paid-up Capital				¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired																			100.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 31, 2008
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 12, 2007
Paid-up Capital				¥ 220,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 09, 2009
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 15, 2009
Paid-up Capital				¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Xinyuan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Wanzhong") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Mar. 04, 2008
Paid-up Capital				¥ 900,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Heju Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 16, 2009
Beijing Heju Construction Material Co. Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital				¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 16, 2009
Paid-up Capital				¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Zhengzhou Jiantou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jiantou Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 13, 2005
Paid-up Capital				¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Mar. 08, 2012
Paid-up Capital				¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 10, 2012
Paid-up Capital				¥ 2,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Suzhou Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Sep. 20, 2012
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Mar. 28, 2005
Paid-up Capital				¥ 150,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing XIN Media Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 10, 2013
Paid-up Capital				¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Xingyang Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 25, 2013
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
APEC Construction Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 01, 2013
Paid-up Capital				¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Xinxiang Huicheng Decoration Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Oct. 18, 2013
Paid-up Capital				¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jinan Wanzhuo") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired							5.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 04, 2013
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 48,800,000													$ 48,800,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			95.00%	95.00%	95.00%	95.00%
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jinan Wanzhuo") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital				¥ 300,000,000
Xinrongji (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 25, 2013
Paid-up Capital				¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai Junxin") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired																	100.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 16, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%				51.00%
Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired																		100.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 10, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Feb. 21, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Zhengzhou Hengsheng Real Estate Co. Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 19, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Xinyuan Xindo Park E-commerce Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Aug. 12, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 202,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Economy Cooperation Ruifeng Investment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Sep. 15, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			90.00%	90.00%	90.00%	90.00%
Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Sep. 17, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Xi'an Xinyuan Metropolitan Business Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 25, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 3,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Xinleju Technology Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 24, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Changsha Wanzhuo") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Apr. 03, 2014
Paid-up Capital				¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 05, 2015
Paid-up Capital				¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Jinan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 04, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 3,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Yue-Mart Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Mar. 23, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 27, 2015
Paid-up Capital				¥ 40,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center (Limited partnership) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 28, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 100,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			May 05, 2015
Paid-up Capital				¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shenzhen Xileju Technology Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 04, 2015
Paid-up Capital				¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shenzhen Xilefu Internet Financial Service Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jun. 12, 2015
Paid-up Capital				¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Marketing Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jul. 30, 2015
Paid-up Capital				¥ 1,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shandong Renju") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired											18.00%			82.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation			Nov. 19, 2011
Paid-up Capital				¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shaanxi Zhongmao") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired		14.98%							10.00%
Registered Date of Incorporation	[1]		Jun. 22, 1998
Paid-up Capital	[1]			¥ 22,500,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		65.98%	65.98%	65.98%	65.98%	65.98%				51.00%
Consideration for equity interest | $		$ 516,086
421 Kent Holding Co, Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			May 02, 2014
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Hudson 888 Owner LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Oct. 22, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
XIN Manhattan Holding LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 09, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Hudson 888 Holding LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Dec. 09, 2015
Paid-up Capital | $			$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Jan. 20, 2016
Paid-up Capital				¥ 500,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Shenzhen Keye Investment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Feb. 26, 2016
Paid-up Capital				¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Henan Yueshenghang Property Service Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Date of Incorporation			Apr. 15, 2016
Paid-up Capital				¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

[1] Acquired on February 23, 2016.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation) (Details)										6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Feb. 23, 2016 USD ($)	Mar. 23, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 23, 2015 CNY (¥)	Mar. 05, 2015 CNY (¥)	Jun. 24, 2014 USD ($)	Jun. 24, 2014 CNY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) item	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016 CNY (¥) item	Jun. 21, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 05, 2015 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										90.00%		90.00%
Current assets										$ 3,496,262,602				$ 3,262,963,717
Total assets										3,764,356,360	$ 3,528,221,832			3,548,883,184
Current liabilities										1,833,644,141				1,650,882,568
Total liabilities										2,832,558,228				2,612,931,582
Revenue										612,006,836	441,783,705
Cost of revenue										(485,807,409)	(332,858,950)
Net loss										32,644,969	24,672,899
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities										16,478,740	(221,389,959)
Net cash used in investing activities										2,673,299	(40,737,668)
Net cash provided by financing activities										15,020,680	282,117,918
Amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group										15,080,227				0
Land Use Right Securing Long-term Bank Loan										$ 163,967,571				$ 424,058,251
Non-controlling Shareholder's Loan Due on June 30, 2016 at 11.24% [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Stated rate										11.24%		11.24%
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jinan Wanzhuo") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										95.00%		95.00%
Paid-up Capital								$ 48,800,000		$ 48,800,000
Percentage of equity interest acquired													5.00%
Proceeds from other debt								$ 111,700,000
Debt term								2 years	2 years
Stated rate								11.24%
Number Of Projects Under Construction | item										1		1
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										80.00%		80.00%
Paid-up Capital | ¥												¥ 20,000,000
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)															20.00%
Debt term							2 years
Stated rate															10.984%
Number Of Projects Under Construction | item										1		1
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Quansheng") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Proceeds from other debt					$ 38,100,000
Debt term					2 years	2 years
Number Of Projects Under Construction | item										1		1
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shaanxi Zhongmao") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group				65.98%						65.98%		65.98%		51.00%
Paid-up Capital | ¥	[1]											¥ 22,500,000
Percentage of equity interest acquired		10.00%	10.00%	14.98%
Consideration for equity interest				$ 516,086
CNY [Member] | Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jinan Wanzhuo") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital | ¥												¥ 300,000,000
Proceeds from other debt | ¥									¥ 685,000,000
CNY [Member] | Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Proceeds from other debt | ¥							¥ 526,000,000
CNY [Member] | Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Quansheng") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Proceeds from other debt | ¥						¥ 233,000,000
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Current assets										$ 257,593,597				$ 412,763,119
Non-current assets										11,218,510				7,469,208
Total assets										268,812,107				420,232,327
Current liabilities										220,164,997				262,759,976
Non-current liabilities										452,407				66,219,046
Total liabilities										220,617,404				328,979,022
Revenue										97,735,245	47,544,639
Cost of revenue										(69,973,777)	(41,274,288)
Net loss										2,432,349	502,698
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities										17,690,147	(83,225,914)
Net cash used in investing activities										(4,627,334)	(5,951,126)
Net cash provided by financing activities										20,839,240	$ 98,722,047
Land Use Right Securing Long-term Bank Loan										185,765,917				289,057,933
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] | Consolidation, Eliminations [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group										$ 18,973,048				$ 55,881,889
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | RevenuesFrom Consolidated Vie [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue										16.00%	10.80%
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Quansheng") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										90.00%		90.00%
Paid-up Capital										$ 6,500,000
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)					10.00%	10.00%
Stated rate					11.00%	11.00%
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Quansheng") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										90.00%		90.00%
Paid-up Capital | ¥												¥ 40,000,000
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Shunsheng") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										90.00%		90.00%
Paid-up Capital										$ 4,500,000
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)										10.00%		10.00%
Proceeds from other debt		$ 43,300,000
Debt term		2 years	2 years
Stated rate		9.00%	9.00%
Number Of Projects Under Construction | item										1		1
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Shunsheng") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital | ¥												¥ 30,000,000
Proceeds from other debt | ¥			¥ 287,000,000
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										80.00%		80.00%
Paid-up Capital										$ 3,300,000					$ 3,300,000
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)															20.00%
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member] | CNY [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group										80.00%		80.00%
Paid-up Capital | ¥												¥ 20,000,000
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jinan Wanzhuo") [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Paid-up Capital | ¥												¥ 300,000,000

[1] Acquired on February 23, 2016.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Details)	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) ¥ / $	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($) ¥ / $	Dec. 31, 2015 ¥ / $	Feb. 01, 2016	Nov. 21, 2014	Dec. 06, 2013 USD ($)	May 03, 2013 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate | ¥ / $	6.1136	6.6312	6.4936
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate | ¥ / $	6.5309	6.1287	6.2272
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note and sale of common shares	$ 0
Total redemption amount	$ 41,075,118	$ 6,925,120
May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance date	May 03, 2013
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount							$ 200,000,000
Maturity date	May 03, 2018
Interest rate	13.25%
Fixed charge coverage ratio	1.0			3.0
June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance date	Dec. 06, 2013
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount						$ 200,000,000
Maturity date	Jun. 06, 2019
Interest rate	13.00%
Fixed charge coverage ratio	1.0			3.0
Convertible Note due in September 19, 2018 at 5% [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed charge coverage ratio					3.0

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Effect of change in estimate) (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) units $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Gross profit | $	$ 126,199,427	$ 108,924,755
Net income | $	$ 32,644,969	$ 24,672,899
Basic | $ / shares	$ 0.24	$ 0.17
Diluted | $ / shares	$ 0.23	$ 0.17
Certain Real Estate Development Projects [Member]
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Percentage completion	31.30%
Contracts Accounted for under Percentage of Completion [Member] | Certain Real Estate Development Projects [Member]
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Real estate development projects affected by changes in estimates | units	10
Gross profit | $	$ 18,700,000
Net income | $	$ 14,000,000
Basic | $ / shares	$ 0.10
Diluted | $ / shares	$ 0.10

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Short-term investments (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value	$ 32,398,227		$ 1,244,646
Cost	31,631,272		1,195,203
Unrealized (loss)/gain in profit and loss	766,955	$ 19,156	49,443
Net realized gain on short-term investments	915,902	$ 617,576	456,149
Short-term investments [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value	16,535,390
Cost	16,527,928
Unrealized (loss)/gain in profit and loss	7,462
REITs [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value	10,570,904		1,167,647
Cost	9,840,669		1,124,293
Unrealized (loss)/gain in profit and loss	730,235		43,354
Money Market Instrument [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value			76,999
Cost			70,910
Unrealized (loss)/gain in profit and loss			$ 6,089
Equity Securities [Member]
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value	5,291,933
Cost	5,262,675
Unrealized (loss)/gain in profit and loss	$ 29,258

XML

Real estate properties under development (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	$ 2,616,882,433	$ 2,750,327,272
Profit recognized	181,806,263	347,083,874
Less: progress billings	(716,009,141)	(1,210,089,345)
Total real estate properties under development	2,082,679,555	1,887,321,801
Land use rights	1,291,977,264	1,130,109,973
Aggregate net book value of land use right pledged as collateral for bank loans	681,681,307	1,018,987,851
Real estate properties under development pledged as collateral for certain bank loans	336,169,943	172,623,335
Jinan Xinyuan Splendid [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	0	40,847,827
Xuzhou Colorful City [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	35,692,007	54,157,809
Zhengzhou Xin City [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	13,201,317	46,165,101
Beijing Xindo Park [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	75,275,292	176,553,742
Kunshan Royal Palace [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	106,269,767	215,917,469
Suzhou Lake Royal Palace [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	160,683,079	267,569,547
Xingyang Splendid I [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	20,520,326	32,010,140
Xingyang Splendid II [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	49,770,958	43,311,674
Xingyang Splendid III [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	25,552,920	23,896,026
Xingyang Splendid IV [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	7,186,781	6,762,190
Zhengzhou Thriving Family [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	9,264,361	29,098,191
Zhengzhou Xindo Park [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	65,353,548	73,294,372
Jinan Royal Palace [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	224,396,572	261,268,961
Sanya Yazhou Bay No. 1 [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	113,749,483	109,896,103
Shanghai Royal Palace [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	178,883,202	215,117,468
Changsha Xinyuan Splendid [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	186,196,892	194,444,916
Chengdu Thriving Family [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	254,337,919	258,173,028
Jinan Xin Central [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	103,148,161	163,174,394
Zhengzhou Fancy City I [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	53,112,844	71,896,698
Tianjin Spring Royal Palace [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	71,453,892	65,583,961
Henan Xin Central II [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	41,110,480	39,117,259
Henan Xin Central I [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	89,942,514	127,696,203
Xi'an Xindo Park [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	236,612,282	0
Kunshan Xindo Park [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	85,803,213	0
Zhengzhou Fancy City II (South) [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	40,623,552	0
Zhengzhou Fancy City II (North) [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	37,975,124	0
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd ("Malaysia project") [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	10,774,342	8,165,745
New York Oosten [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	258,591,803	226,208,448
Hudson Garden project [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Under development	$ 61,399,802	$ 0

XML

Other long-term investment (Details) - USD ($)	May 06, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Cost-method Investments [Line Items]
Other long-term investment		$ 31,107,552	$ 31,107,552
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Cost-method Investments [Line Items]
Initial Cost		$ 30,865,904
Cost method investment, ownership interest		80.00%	80.00%
Other long-term investment		$ 30,865,904	$ 30,865,904
Payments to acquire other long-term investment	$ 30,865,904
Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Cost-method Investments [Line Items]
Initial Cost		$ 241,648
Cost method investment, ownership interest		1.85%
Other long-term investment		$ 241,648	$ 241,648

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Acquisition of subsidiaries (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 23, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		90.00%
Bargain purchase gain		$ 2,004,507	$ 0
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shaanxi Zhongmao") [Member]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group	65.98%	65.98%			51.00%
Percentage of equity interest acquired	14.98%			10.00%
Consideration for equity interest	$ 516,086

XML

Acquisition of subsidiaries (Shaanxi Zhongmao) (Details) - USD ($)			6 Months Ended
		Feb. 23, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Total consideration:
Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents			$ 15,055,431	$ 0
Bargain purchase gain recognized in other income			(2,004,507)	0
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired:
Gain on remeasurement of pre-existing shares			$ 2,100,563	$ 0
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Total consideration:
Cash consideration paid		$ 0
Cash and cash equivalents acquired		15,055,431
Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431
Purchase consideration		516,086
Fair value of non-controlling interest		5,724,339
Fair value of previously held equity interests	[1]	8,581,461
Bargain purchase gain recognized in other income		(2,004,507)
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents		15,055,431
Restricted cash		16,560,251
Real estate properties under development		180,647,050
Property and equipment, net		329,582
Current assets		54,780,760
Current liabilities		(250,546,681)
Net assets acquired		$ 16,826,393

[1] A measurement gain of US$2,100,563 was recognized and recorded in other income in relation to the revaluation of the Group's previously held equity interest of Shannxi Zhongmao in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for period ended June 30, 2016. As Shannxi Zhongmao is a private company, the fair value of the Group's previously held equity interest is estimated based on asset-based approach using significant unobservable inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include estimated revenue and estimated cost for the construction project.

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Short-term bank loans and other debt (Details) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		$ 226,678,954	$ 222,226,246
Accounts receivable securing debt		15,080,227	0
Restricted deposit		482,125,017	363,137,210
Land Use Right Securing Short-term Bank Loan		$ 23,662,794	$ 0
Notes Payable to Banks [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Stated rate		2.42%	1.71%
Loan from China Guangfa Bank [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		$ 12,064,182	$ 0
Loan from China Guangfa Bank [Member] | Loan From China Guangfa Bank Due January 21, 2017, at 5.0025% per annum [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		$ 12,064,182	0
Maturity date		Jan. 21, 2017
Stated rate		5.0025%
Loan from Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		$ 12,064,181	0
Loan from Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan From Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Due July 7, 2016, at 11.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[1]	$ 7,540,113	0
Maturity date		Jul. 07, 2016
Stated rate		11.00%
Accounts receivable securing debt		$ 9,425,142	9,425,142
Loan from Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan From Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Due July 24, 2016, at 9.50% per annum [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[2]	$ 4,524,068	0
Maturity date		Jul. 24, 2016
Stated rate		9.50%
Accounts receivable securing debt		$ 5,655,085	5,655,085
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		94,550,591	104,226,246
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due June 2, 2016, at 2.00% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[3]	$ 0	9,675,655
Maturity date		Jun. 02, 2016
Stated rate		2.00%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due August 16, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[4]	$ 20,000,000	20,000,000
Maturity date		Aug. 16, 2016
Stated rate		1.40%
Restricted deposit		$ 20,509,108	20,943,698
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due August 31, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[4]	$ 9,700,000	9,700,000
Maturity date		Aug. 31, 2016
Stated rate		1.40%
Restricted deposit		$ 9,955,966	10,166,934
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due September 20, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[4]	$ 2,220,000	2,220,000
Maturity date		Sep. 20, 2016
Stated rate		1.40%
Restricted deposit		$ 2,337,435	2,386,966
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due October 27, 2016, at 1.40% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[4]	$ 13,250,000	13,250,000
Maturity date		Oct. 27, 2016
Stated rate		1.40%
Restricted deposit		$ 13,466,643	13,752,002
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due November 18, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[4]	$ 14,958,974	14,958,974
Maturity date		Nov. 18, 2016
Stated rate		1.25%
Restricted deposit		$ 15,231,029	15,553,766
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from the Bank of East Asia Due November 23, 2016, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[4]	$ 34,421,617	34,421,617
Maturity date		Nov. 23, 2016
Stated rate		1.25%
Restricted deposit		$ 35,133,912	35,878,403
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		63,000,000	63,000,000
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch [Member] | Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch Due July 21, 2016, at 1.2% per annum [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[5]	$ 30,000,000	30,000,000
Maturity date		Jul. 21, 2016
Stated rate		1.20%
Restricted deposit		$ 30,009,651	30,645,559
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch [Member] | Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch Due September 26, 2016, at 1.55% per annum [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[5]	$ 13,000,000	13,000,000
Maturity date		Sep. 26, 2016
Stated rate		1.55%
Restricted deposit		$ 13,421,402	13,705,803
Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch [Member] | Loan from Bank of China Tokyo Branch Due October 11, 2016, at 1.55% per annum [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[5]	$ 20,000,000	20,000,000
Maturity date		Oct. 11, 2016
Stated rate		1.55%
Restricted deposit		$ 20,659,911	21,097,696
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Asia Limited [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		20,000,000	30,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Asia Limited [Member] | Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited ("ICBC (Asia)") Due May 18, 2016, at 2% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[6]	$ 0	10,000,000
Maturity date		May 18, 2016
Stated rate		2.00%
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Asia Limited [Member] | Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited ("ICBC (Asia)") Due October 5, 2016, at 1.6% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[7]	$ 20,000,000	20,000,000
Maturity date		Oct. 05, 2016
Stated rate		1.60%
Restricted deposit		$ 20,810,713	21,251,694
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Thai Public Company Limited [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt		25,000,000	25,000,000
Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Thai Public Company Limited [Member] | Loan from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Thai) Public Company Limited ("ICBC (Thai)") Due September 21, 2016, at 1.7% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans and other debt	[8]	$ 25,000,000	25,000,000
Maturity date		Sep. 21, 2016
Stated rate		1.70%
Restricted deposit		$ 25,862,589	$ 26,410,620

[1] Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 1, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group's accounts receivable with net book value of US$9,425,142.

[2] Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Yingzhongtong Financial Information Services Co., Ltd. entered into on April 10, 2016, this other debt is secured by the Group's accounts receivable with net book value of US$5,655,085.

[3] Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, the loan from The Bank of East Asia amounting to US$9.7 million, the maturity was extended from June 2, 2016 to June 1, 2018. Accordingly, this loan is classified as Long-term bank loans on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

[4] Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these six loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$20.0 million, US$9.7 million, US$2.2 million, US$13.3 million, US$15.0 million and US$34.4 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$20,509,108 (December 31, 2015: US$20,943,698), US$9,955,966 (December 31, 2015: US$10,166,934), US$2,337,435 (December 31, 2015: US$2,386,966), US$13,466,643 (December 31, 2015: US$13,752,002), US$15,231,029 (December 31, 2015: US$15,553,766) and US$35,133,912 (December 31, 2015: US$35,878,403) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

[5] Pursuant to the loan contract with Bank of China Tokyo Branch, these three loans from Bank of China Tokyo Branch amounting to US$30.0 million, US$13.0 million and US$20.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposit of US$30,009,651 (December 31, 2015: US$30,645,559), US$13,421,402 (December 31, 2015: US$13,705,803) and US$20,659,911 (December 31, 2015: US$21,097,696) respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

[6] These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

[7] Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Asia), this loan from ICBC (Asia) amounting to US$20.0million , is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$20,810,713 (December 31, 2015: US$21,251,694). Such deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

[8] Pursuant to the loan contract with ICBC (Thai), this loan from ICBC (Thai) amounting to US$25.0 million, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$25,862,589 (December 31, 2015: US$26,410,620). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

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Long-term bank loans (Details) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 173,171,764		$ 260,099,174
Less: current portion of long term bank loans		(122,149,837)		(246,239,374)
Total long-term bank loans		51,021,927		13,859,800
Real estate properties under development securing long term loans		336,169,943		128,389,745
Land Use Right Securing Long-term Bank Loan		163,967,571		424,058,251
Restricted cash		$ 482,125,017		$ 363,137,210
Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Prime Rate Range		114.00%
Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Prime Rate Range		120.00%
Notes Payable to Banks [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loans payable, weighted average interest rate		4.91%		7.23%
Loans from ICBC [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 0		$ 10,779,845
Loans from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC Due July 20, 2016 at 5.25% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[1]	$ 0		10,779,845
Maturity date		Jul. 20, 2016
Stated rate		5.25%
Loans From Agricultural Bank Of China [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 0		6,159,911
Loans From Agricultural Bank Of China [Member] | Loan From Agricultural Bank Of China Due May 18, 2016, at 5.78% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[1]	$ 0		6,159,911
Maturity date		May 18, 2016
Stated rate		5.78%
Loan from China Guangfa Bank [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 27,144,408		40,193,420
Loan from China Guangfa Bank [Member] | Loan From China Guangfa Bank Due May 29, 2016, at 8.00% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[1]	$ 0		3,233,953
Maturity date		May 29, 2016
Stated rate		8.00%
Loan from China Guangfa Bank [Member] | Loan from China Guangfa Bank, December 23, 2017, at 8.4% per Annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[1]	$ 0		6,159,911
Maturity date		Dec. 23, 2017
Stated rate		8.40%
Loan from China Guangfa Bank [Member] | Loan From China Guangfa Bank Due February 17, 2018, at 5.7% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[2]	$ 27,144,408		30,799,556
Maturity date		Feb. 17, 2018
Stated rate		5.70%
Loan From China Construction Bank [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 67,861,021		76,998,891
Loan From China Construction Bank [Member] | Loan From China Construction Bank Due January 23, 2017, at 5.70% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[2]	$ 67,861,021		76,998,891
Maturity date		Jan. 23, 2017
Stated rate		5.70%
Loan from Bank of Shanghai [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 0		35,419,490
Loan from Bank of Shanghai [Member] | Loan From Bank Of Shanghai Due April 30, 2017, at 9.10% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 0	[1]	35,419,490	[3]
Maturity date		Apr. 30, 2017
Stated rate		9.10%
Loan from Ping An Bank [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 0		43,119,380
Loan from Ping An Bank [Member] | Loan From Ping An Bank March 20, 2018, at 9.25% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[1]	$ 0		43,119,380
Maturity date		Mar. 20, 2018
Stated rate		9.25%
Loan from Bo Hai Bank [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 45,240,680		0
Loan from Bo Hai Bank [Member] | Loan from Bo Hai Bank Due March 14, 2019, at 5.415% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[2]	$ 45,240,680		0
Maturity date		Mar. 14, 2019
Stated rate		5.415%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans		$ 32,925,655		47,428,237
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia Due April 27, 2018, at 6.18% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[1]	$ 0		47,428,237
Maturity date		Apr. 27, 2018
Stated rate		6.18%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia Due June 1, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[4]	$ 9,675,655		0
Maturity date		Jun. 01, 2018
Stated rate		1.25%
Restricted cash		$ 10,254,554
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia Due April 26, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[4]	$ 13,250,000		0
Maturity date		Apr. 26, 2018
Stated rate		1.25%
Restricted cash		$ 13,775,787
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia Due June 5, 2018, at 1.25% plus 3 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term bank loans	[4]	$ 10,000,000		$ 0
Maturity date		Jun. 05, 2018
Stated rate		1.25%
Restricted cash		$ 10,556,159

[1] These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

[2] Pursuant to the loan contracts, if the Group achieves an agreed upon sales target from the sales of the underlying real estate properties under development, the Group has an obligation to repay the loan before the maturity date. Therefore, the respective current portions of these loans have been classified as current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

[3] Pursuant to the loan contracts, if the Group achieves an agreed upon sales target from the sales of the underlying real estate properties under development, the Group has an obligation to repay the loan before the maturity date. Therefore, the respective current portions of these loans have been classified as current liabilities as of June 30, 2015.

[4] Pursuant to the loan contract with The Bank of East Asia, these three loans from The Bank of East Asia, amounting to US$9.7 million, US$13.3 million and US$10.0 million respectively, are denominated in US$ and are secured by the deposits of US$10,254,554, US$13,775,787, and US$10,556,159 respectively. Such deposits are classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

XML

Other long-term debt (Schedule of Other Long Term Debt) (Details)		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Feb. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)		Mar. 05, 2015	Jun. 24, 2014
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 1,579,042,263			$ 1,246,098,525
Total		1,579,042,263			1,246,098,525
Less: current portion of other long-term debt		(686,944,241)			(348,594,822)
Total other long-term debt		$ 892,098,022			897,503,703
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		90.00%
Land use right securing other long-term bank loan		$ 578,973,273			731,783,438
Real estate property under development securing long term debt		336,169,943			128,389,745
Real estate properties held for lease securing debt		38,793,188			36,550,198
Restricted cash		482,125,017			363,137,210
Repayments of other debt		$ 41,075,118	$ 6,925,120
Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shandong Renju") [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		100.00%
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Changsha Wanzhuo") [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		100.00%
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		55.00%
Kent EB-5 LLC [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan facility, amount utilized		$ 59,500,000
Loan facility, maximum borrowing amount		$ 60,000,000
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Shunsheng") [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		90.00%
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Jinan Wanzhuo") [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		95.00%
Stated rate								11.24%
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhengzhou Shengdao") [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group		80.00%
Stated rate							10.984%
May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 179,553,073			186,703,168
Maturity date		May 03, 2018
Stated rate		13.25%
Debt Instrument Covenant Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio		1.0		3.0
June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 186,556,097			195,662,295
Maturity date		Jun. 06, 2019
Stated rate		13.00%
Debt Instrument Covenant Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio		1.0		3.0
Corporate bonds due on December 28, 2020 at 7.5% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 149,945,322			152,962,917
Maturity date		Dec. 28, 2020
Stated rate		7.50%
Corporate bonds due on January 27, 2021 at 7.47% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 105,193,734			0
Maturity date		Jan. 27, 2021
Stated rate		7.47%
Corporate bonds due on March 14, 2021 at 7.09% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 75,129,632			0
Maturity date		Mar. 14, 2021
Stated rate		7.09%
Collateralized loan due on April 3, 2016 at 11% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[1]	$ 0			38,453,246
Maturity date		Apr. 03, 2016
Stated rate		11.00%
Collateralized loan due on December 23, 2017 at 9% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 44,871,215			61,221,818
Maturity date		Dec. 23, 2017
Stated rate		9.00%
Collateralized loan due on July 9, 2017 at 9% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 38,946,194			54,484,415
Maturity date		Jul. 09, 2017
Stated rate		9.00%
Collateralized loan due on December 31, 2016 at 12.5% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[1]	$ 0			69,129,605
Maturity date		Dec. 31, 2016
Stated rate		12.50%
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 12.5% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[1]	$ 0			3,079,956
Maturity date		Jun. 30, 2017
Stated rate		12.50%
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2017 at 11% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 30,160,454			38,499,446
Maturity date		Mar. 31, 2017
Stated rate		10.00%
Collateralized loan due on November 20, 2016 at 12.5% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[1]	$ 0			46,199,335
Maturity date		Nov. 20, 2016
Stated rate		12.50%
Collateralized loan due on January 7, 2017 at 8.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 7,992,520			0
Maturity date		Jan. 07, 2017
Stated rate		8.50%
Collateralized loan due on June 30, 2017 at 11.8% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[1]	$ 0			17,709,745
Maturity date		Jul. 15, 2017
Stated rate		11.80%
Collateralized loan due on July 15, 2017 at 11.8% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 14,280,975			14,583,590
Maturity date		Jul. 15, 2017
Stated rate		11.80%
Collateralized loan due on June 25, 2017 at 12% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[2]	$ 52,780,794			69,299,002
Maturity date		Jun. 25, 2016
Stated rate		12.00%
Collateralized loan due on September 17, 2017 at 9% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 10,556,159			10,779,844
Maturity date		Sep. 17, 2017
Stated rate		9.00%
Collateralized loan due on March 31, 2018 at 11.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 22,620,340			0
Maturity date		Mar. 31, 2018
Stated rate		11.00%
Collateralized loan due on April 25, 2018 at 8.05% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 61,527,325			0
Maturity date		Apr. 25, 2018
Stated rate		8.05%
Collateralized loan due on May 10, 2018 at 9.4008% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 45,240,680			0
Maturity date		May 10, 2018
Stated rate		9.40%
Collateralized loan due on May 30, 2018 at 9.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[3]	$ 75,401,134			0
Maturity date		May 30, 2018
Stated rate		9.00%
Collateralized loan due on June 19, 2018 at 9.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 75,401,134			0
Maturity date		Jun. 19, 2018
Stated rate		9.50%
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018 at 10.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[4]	$ 29,104,838			0
Maturity date		Feb. 28, 2018
Stated rate		10.50%
Collateralized loan due on February 28, 2018 at 8.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[4]	$ 52,780,794			0
Maturity date		Feb. 28, 2018
Stated rate		8.50%
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 30, 2018, at 9.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[5]	$ 23,072,747			0
Maturity date		Mar. 30, 2018
Stated rate		9.00%
Land use right securing other long-term bank loan		$ 71,343,962			0
Non-controlling Shareholder's Loan Due on June 30, 2016 at 11.24% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[6]	$ 0			28,489,590
Maturity date		Jun. 30, 2016
Stated rate		11.24%
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on March 13, 2017 at 10.98% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt		$ 79,321,993			81,002,834	[7]
Maturity date		Mar. 13, 2017
Stated rate		10.98%
Land use right securing other long-term bank loan		$ 92,091,611			136,098,821
Non-controlling shareholder's loan due on May 13, 2017 at 11% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[8]	$ 22,620,340			35,881,483
Maturity date		May 13, 2017
Stated rate		11.00%
Land use right securing other long-term bank loan		$ 22,330,344			41,295,897
Real estate property under development securing long term debt		1,081,221			7,345,027
Fortress Credit Co. LLC loan due on June 9, 2017 at 7.25% plus LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[9]	$ 110,193,778			91,956,235
Maturity date		Jun. 09, 2017
Stated rate		7.25%
Restricted cash		$ 30,211,282			29,918,940
Loan facility, amount utilized		110,200,000			110,200,000
Loan facility, maximum borrowing amount		165,000,000			165,000,000
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on January 23, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 10,000,000			10,000,000
Maturity date		Jan. 23, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on April 30, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 5,000,000			5,000,000
Maturity date		Apr. 30, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on June 25, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 5,000,000			5,000,000
Maturity date		Jun. 25, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 4, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 5,000,000			5,000,000
Maturity date		Aug. 04, 2016
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on August 20, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 5,000,000			5,000,000
Maturity date		Aug. 20, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on October 1, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 10,000,000			10,000,000
Maturity date		Oct. 01, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on November 23, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 10,000,000			10,000,000
Maturity date		Nov. 23, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on March 15, 2021 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[10]	$ 9,500,000			0
Maturity date		Mar. 15, 2020
Stated rate		5.95%
Ozarks loan due on July 13, 2017 at 4.5% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt	[11]	$ 26,290,991			$ 0
Maturity date		Jul. 13, 2017
Stated rate		4.50%

[1] These loans were paid in full during first half year of 2016.

[2] Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group's 100% equity interest of Shandong Renju.

[3] Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group's 100% equity interest of Changsha Wanzhuo.

[4] Pursuant to the agreements with Ping An Trust Co., Ltd., this other long-term debt is secured by the Group's 55% equity interest of Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real estate development Co., Ltd.

[5] Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on March 31, 2016, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Shunsheng, this other debt is secured by the Group's 90% equity interest in Henan Shunsheng and the Group's land use rights with net book value of US$71,343,962 (December 31, 2015: US$nil). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

[6] Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping'an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on June 24, 2014, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Jinan Wanzhuo, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group's 95% equity interest in Jinan Wanzhuo and the Group's land use rights. This other long-term debt was paid in full in June 2016.

[7] Pursuant to the agreements with Shenzhen Ping'an Dahua Huitong Wealth Management Co., Ltd. entered into on March 10, 2015, which is the noncontrolling shareholder of Zhengzhou Shengdao, this other long-term debt is secured by the Group's 80% equity interest in Zhengzhou Shengdao and the Group's land use rights with net book value of US$ 92,091,611(December 31, 2015: US$136,098,821).

[8] Pursuant to the agreements with Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. entered into on May 9, 2015, which is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Quansheng, this other debt is secured by the Group's 90% equity interest in Henan Quansheng and the Group's land use rights with net book value of US$22,330,344 (December 31, 2015: US$41,295,897) and Group's real estate properties under development with net book value of US$1,081,221(December 31, 2015: US$7,345,027). In addition, Wanxiang Trustee Co., Ltd. has the right to request early repayment at any time and the trust loan has been reclassified to current liabilities as of June 30, 2016.

[9] Pursuant to the agreements with Fortress Credit Co. LLC entered into on June 9, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$165 million in total with US$110.2 million utilized, is denominated in US$ and is secured by the deposit of US$ 30,211,282(December 31, 2015: US$29,918,940). This deposit is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

[10] Pursuant to the agreements with Kent EB-5 LLC entered into on September 23, 2014, this other long-term debt amounting to US$60 million in total with US$59.5 million utilized, is denominated in US$ with mature dates vary from January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2021.

[11] Pursuant to the Ozarks Term loan, Hudson 888 Owner LLC has agreed to provide security in the form of mortgages and assignment of leases and rents. In addition, XIN Development Group International Inc., agreed to, jointly and severally, provide a number of guarantees, including carve out guaranty, completion guaranty, repayment guaranty and carry guaranty to Ozarks and its successors in relation to the mortgaged property, liabilities of and/or payments to Ozarks.

XML

Other long-term debt (Narrative) (Details)
¥ in Billions

6 Months Ended

Mar. 14, 2016

USD ($)

Jan. 27, 2016

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2016

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2015

USD ($)

Feb. 01, 2016

Dec. 28, 2015

USD ($)

Dec. 28, 2015

CNY (¥)

Dec. 06, 2013

USD ($)

May 03, 2013

USD ($)

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Repayments of other debt

$ 41,075,118

$ 6,925,120

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

May 03, 2013

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

May 03, 2018

Stated rate

13.25%

Effective interest rate

14.44%

Ownership rate

10.00%

Consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio

1.0

3.0

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

103.3125%

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

106.625%

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

100.00%

Percentage of principal redeemable

35.00%

Redemption terms

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on May 3, 2016, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through May 3, 2016 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the May 2018 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

May 2018 Senior Secured Notes due on May 3, 2018 at 13.25% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

113.25%

Percentage of principal redeemable

35.00%

Redemption terms

At any time prior to May 3, 2016, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company's common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113.25% of the principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the May 2018 Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding after each such redemption.

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Dec. 06, 2013

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Jun. 06, 2019

Stated rate

13.00%

Effective interest rate

14.05%

Ownership rate

10.00%

Consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio

1.0

3.0

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

103.25%

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

106.50%

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

100.00%

Redemption terms

At any time prior to June 6, 2017, the Company may at its option redeem the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the redemption price of such Note on June 6, 2017, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through June 6, 2017 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2019 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

June 2019 Senior Secured Notes due on June 6, 2019 at 13% [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

113.00%

Percentage of principal redeemable

35.00%

Redemption terms

At any time prior to June 6, 2017, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company's common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 113% the principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes issued on December 6, 2013, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2019 Senior Secured Notes issued on December 6, 2013 remain outstanding after each such redemption.

Corporate bonds due in December 28, 2020 at 7.5% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Dec. 28, 2015

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 154,000,000

Maturity date

Dec. 28, 2020

Corporate bonds due in December 28, 2020 at 7.5% [Member] | CNY [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount | ¥

¥ 1

Corporate bonds due on December 28, 2020 at 7.5% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Maturity date

Dec. 28, 2020

Stated rate

7.50%

Corporate bonds due in January 27, 2021 at 7.47% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Jan. 27, 2016

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 107,000,000

Maturity date

Jan. 27, 2021

Stated rate

7.47%

Corporate bonds due in March 14, 2021 at 7.09% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Mar. 14, 2016

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 77,000,000

Maturity date

Mar. 14, 2021

Stated rate

7.09%

XML

Income taxes (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate (as a percentage)	43.80%	53.80%
Statutory tax rate (as a percentage)	25.00%
LAT rebate	$ 9,100,000
Non-deductible expenses	4,600,000
Difference between statutory rate and effective rate resulting from unrecognized tax benefit	1,900,000	$ 4,200,000
Unrecognized tax benefit
Balance as of December 31, 2015	17,842,283
Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation	239,190
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$ 18,081,473

XML

Related party and employee transactions (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Apr. 25, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Feb. 23, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from related party	$ 45,590,748				$ 58,630,172
Amounts due to related parties	15,080,227				0
Advances to employees	$ 1,871,777				$ 350,919
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group	90.00%
Management [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired		6.00%
Share transfer consideration		$ 506,696
Amount not settled		$ 422,246
Shaanxi Zhongmao Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Shaanxi Zhongmao") [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired			10.00%	14.98%
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group	65.98%			65.98%	51.00%
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from related party	$ 0				$ 45,072,727
Beijing Starry Sky Cinema Co Ltd [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from related party	3,711,419				2,741,161
Beijing Aijieli Technology Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from related party	1,478,719				0
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Development Co. Ltd [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from related party	40,400,610				10,816,284
Zhengzhou Xinnan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from related party	15,080,227				$ 0
Key Executive [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	$ 1,564,662

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Equity (Details) - USD ($)					6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2016	Apr. 10, 2015	May 23, 2014	Aug. 11, 2007	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015	Nov. 30, 2007
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized					500,000,000		500,000,000
Common stock, par value per share					$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Treasury share repurchases, shares					10,042,496		2,179,902
Treasury share repurchases					$ 21,216,816		$ 3,349,172
Dividends per share					$ 0.025		$ 0.025
Distribution of dividends to common shareholders					$ 7,015,794		$ 14,751,704
Total cost of shares repurchased for RSU Plan					$ 4,003,999	$ 2,067,127
2007 Plan [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of share options, shares							40,000
Options exercised, price							$ 1.21
2007 Plan [Member] | Exercise Price One [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of share options, shares					530,600
Options exercised, price					$ 1.21
2007 Plan [Member] | Exercise Price Two [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of share options, shares					40,876
Options exercised, price					$ 2.11
2007 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total number of shares authorized								10,000,000
2015 Stock Option Plan [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of share options, shares					424,532
Options exercised, price					$ 1.71
2015 Stock Option Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total number of shares authorized					20,000,000
2014 RSU Plan [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased under plan							2,076,964
Total cost of shares repurchased for RSU Plan							$ 3,259,998
2014 RSU Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period for plan	3 years	3 years	3 years
Shares repurchased under plan	1,614,220	2,076,964	4,234,884		1,614,220
Total cost of shares repurchased for RSU Plan	$ 4,003,999	$ 3,259,998	$ 7,042,725		$ 4,003,999
2014 RSU Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total number of shares authorized					10,000,000
Directors and Employees [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Options granted				6,125,374
Total expected compensation cost, net of expected forfeitures				$ 15,564,801
Stock options granted, expiration date				Aug. 10, 2017
Weighted-average fair value of options granted				$ 2.67
Directors and Employees [Member] | Exercise Price One [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of options granted				0.0001
Directors and Employees [Member] | Exercise Price Two [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of options granted				$ 2.50
Directors and Employees [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period for plan				10 months
Directors and Employees [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period for plan				60 months
Stock options granted, expiration date				Aug. 10, 2017

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Earnings per share (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Numerator:
Net income	$ 32,644,969	$ 24,672,899
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. Shareholders - basic	32,644,969	24,672,899
Net income attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders - diluted	$ 32,644,969	$ 24,672,899
Denominator:
Number of shares outstanding, basic	134,617,909	147,035,708
Stock options	859,813	202,442
Weighted average number of RSU Stocks	3,507,210	0
Number of shares outstanding-diluted	138,984,932	147,238,150
Basic earnings per share	$ 0.24	$ 0.17
Diluted earnings per share	$ 0.23	$ 0.17
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Denominator:
Anti-dilutive shares	2,492,520	3,825,428

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Segment reporting (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 612,006,836	$ 441,783,705
Total cost of revenue	(485,807,409)	(332,858,950)
Gross profit	126,199,427	108,924,755
Operating income (loss)	53,672,814	45,483,980
Total assets	3,764,356,360	3,528,221,832	$ 3,548,883,184
Henan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	119,553,302	83,113,266
Total cost of revenue	(83,659,454)	(56,018,083)
Gross profit	35,893,848	27,095,183
Operating income (loss)	14,561,118	10,010,016
Total assets	1,280,769,729	1,018,085,122
Shandong [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	70,374,878	78,101,128
Total cost of revenue	(58,616,170)	(64,723,711)
Gross profit	11,758,708	13,377,417
Operating income (loss)	8,752,351	8,595,252
Total assets	341,341,744	506,748,344
Jiangsu [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	202,685,834	115,802,906
Total cost of revenue	(165,396,280)	(89,946,525)
Gross profit	37,289,554	25,856,381
Operating income (loss)	32,361,083	19,942,825
Total assets	579,948,282	653,384,890
Sichuan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	29,813,930	15,535,284
Total cost of revenue	(18,113,763)	(13,983,733)
Gross profit	11,700,167	1,551,551
Operating income (loss)	10,147,129	(150,980)
Total assets	228,230,266	210,874,155
Beijing [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	(1,386,005)	89,953,394
Total cost of revenue	(11,700,115)	(58,326,674)
Gross profit	(13,086,120)	31,626,720
Operating income (loss)	(26,215,331)	17,884,321
Total assets	363,653,591	435,069,337
Hainan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,226,183	5,671,045
Total cost of revenue	(2,124,254)	(3,506,459)
Gross profit	1,101,929	2,164,586
Operating income (loss)	(678,037)	(1,301,112)
Total assets	105,150,545	127,333,437
Hunan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	47,149,283	13,023,364
Total cost of revenue	(33,555,074)	(11,554,758)
Gross profit	13,594,209	1,468,606
Operating income (loss)	11,154,848	(83,874)
Total assets	157,933,901	87,647,900
Shanghai [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	52,878,300	27,724,031
Total cost of revenue	(46,647,351)	(24,720,534)
Gross profit	6,230,949	3,003,497
Operating income (loss)	5,052,355	1,483,101
Total assets	104,433,782	152,236,524
Tianjin [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	29,313,476	1,354
Total cost of revenue	(19,632,495)	0
Gross profit	9,680,981	1,354
Operating income (loss)	2,801,291	(3,979,779)
Total assets	27,670,527	15,665,061
Shaanxi [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	34,631,218
Total cost of revenue	(27,805,359)
Gross profit	6,825,859
Operating income (loss)	5,164,716
Total assets	157,696,610
United States [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	10,637,670	1,530,000
Total cost of revenue	(8,478,447)	(1,243,112)
Gross profit	2,159,223	286,888
Operating income (loss)	515,640	(2,268,540)
Total assets	214,905,849	90,468,027
Others [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	13,128,767	11,327,933
Total cost of revenue	(10,078,647)	(8,835,361)
Gross profit	3,050,120	2,492,572
Operating income (loss)	(9,224,349)	(4,647,250)
Total assets	$ 202,621,534	$ 230,709,035

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Commitments and contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Operating lease commitments
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017	$ 5,587,901
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018	4,583,295
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019	2,978,560
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020	547,412
July 1, 2020 and thereafter	417,345
Total	14,114,513
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017	5,129,226
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018	5,129,226
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019	5,129,226
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020	5,129,226
July 1, 2020 and thereafter	5,129,226
Total minimum lease payments	25,646,130
Less interest	(6,095,345)
Capital lease obligations	19,550,785
Less current maturities of capital lease obligations	(3,001,999)	$ (3,065,612)
Long-term capital lease obligations	16,548,786	18,111,007
Guarantee arrangements	26,300,000
Construction Contracts for Real Estate and Land Use Rights [Member]
Other commitments
July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017	295,095,377
July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018	124,549,036
July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019	53,987,335
July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020	30,414,655
July 1, 2020 and thereafter	12,412,055
Total	516,458,458
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Estimated amount for the contingency	16,200,000
Financial Guarantee [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Aggregate amount of guarantee	$ 1,680,552,328	$ 1,513,664,015

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Accumulated other comprehensive income (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 30,951,837
Ending balance	11,516,001
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	30,951,837
Other comprehensive loss (unaudited)	(19,435,836)
Ending balance	$ 11,516,001

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Non-controlling interests (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$ (18,819)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest (unaudited)	2,053,922	$ 267
Acquisition of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 6)	5,724,339
Change in ownership interest of a subsidiary (unaudited) (see Note 11 (d))	506,696
Effect of exchange rate (unaudited)	(145,037)
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$ 8,121,101

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Subsequent events (Details) - Subsequent Event [Member] ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions	Aug. 15, 2016 USD ($)	Aug. 01, 2016 USD ($)	Jul. 13, 2016 USD ($)	Jul. 13, 2016 CNY (¥)	Aug. 15, 2016 CNY (¥)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Payments to acquire land		$ 66.0
Corporate bonds due on August 15, 2019 at 7.5% [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount	$ 226.0
Debt issuance date	Aug. 15, 2016
Maturity date	Aug. 15, 2019
Interest rate	7.50%				7.50%
CNY [Member] | Corporate bonds due on August 15, 2019 at 7.5% [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount | ¥					¥ 1,500.0
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Payments to acquire land			$ 53.9
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member] | CNY [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Payments to acquire land | ¥				¥ 357.1