Note 7: Debt

Debt is detailed as follows:



	Effective	September 30	December 31	September 30
in thousands	Interest Rates	2017	2016	2016
Short-term Debt
Bank line of credit expires 2021 1, 2, 3	n/a	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Total short-term debt		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Long-term Debt
Bank line of credit expires 2021 1, 2, 3	n/a	$ 0	$ 235,000	$ 235,000
7.00% notes due 2018	n/a	0	272,512	272,512
10.375% notes due 2018	n/a	0	250,000	250,000
Floating-rate notes due 2020	2.13%	250,000	0	0
7.50% notes due 2021	7.75%	600,000	600,000	600,000
8.85% notes due 2021	8.88%	6,000	6,000	6,000
Term loan due 2021 2, 3	2.49%	250,000	0	0
4.50% notes due 2025	4.65%	400,000	400,000	400,000
3.90% notes due 2027	4.00%	400,000	0	0
7.15% notes due 2037	8.05%	240,188	240,188	240,188
4.50% notes due 2047	4.59%	700,000	0	0
Other notes 3	6.31%	353	365	484
Total long-term debt - face value		$ 2,846,541	$ 2,004,065	$ 2,004,184
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs		(31,748)	(21,176)	(20,414)
Total long-term debt - book value		$ 2,814,793	$ 1,982,889	$ 1,983,770
Less current maturities		4,827	138	131
Total long-term debt - reported value		$ 2,809,966	$ 1,982,751	$ 1,983,639
Estimated fair value of long-term debt		$ 3,068,236	$ 2,243,213	$ 2,305,065


1	Borrowings on the bank line of credit are classified as short-term debt if we intend to repay within twelve months and as long-term debt otherwise.
2	The effective interest rate is the spread over LIBOR as of the most recent balance sheet date.
3	Non-publicly traded debt.

Our total long-term debt - book value is presented in the table above net of unamortized discounts/premiums and unamortized deferred debt issuance costs. Discounts/premiums and debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the terms of the respective notes resulting in $4,473,000 of net interest expense for these items for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The estimated fair value of our debt presented in the table above was determined by: (1) averaging several asking price quotes for the publicly traded notes and (2) assuming par value for the remainder of the debt. The fair value estimates for the publicly traded notes were based on Level 2 information (as defined in Note 5) as of their respective balance sheet dates.

LINE OF CREDIT

In December 2016, among other favorable changes, we extended the maturity date of our unsecured $750,000,000 line of credit from June 2020 to December 2021. The credit agreement contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. The primary negative covenant limits our ability to incur secured debt. The financial covenants are: (1) a maximum ratio of debt to EBITDA of 3.5:1 (upon certain acquisitions, the maximum ratio can be 3.75:1 for three quarters), and (2) a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net cash interest expense of 3.0:1. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the line of credit covenants.

Borrowings on our line of credit are classified as short-term debt if we intend to repay within twelve months and as long-term debt if we have the intent and ability to extend repayment beyond twelve months. Borrowings bear interest, at our option, at either LIBOR plus a credit margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, or SunTrust Bank’s base rate (generally, its prime rate) plus a credit margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.75%. The credit margin for both LIBOR and base rate borrowings is determined by our credit ratings. Standby letters of credit, which are issued under the line of credit and reduce availability, are charged a fee equal to the credit margin for LIBOR borrowings plus 0.175%. We also pay a commitment fee on the daily average unused amount of the line of credit that ranges from 0.10% to 0.25% determined by our credit ratings. As of September 30, 2017, the credit margin for LIBOR borrowings was 1.25%, the credit margin for base rate borrowings was 0.25%, and the commitment fee for the unused amount was 0.15%.

As of September 30, 2017, our available borrowing capacity was $706,712,000. Utilization of the borrowing capacity was as follows:

none was borrowed

$43,288,000 was used to provide support for outstanding standby letters of credit

TERM DEBT

All of our term debt is unsecured. $2,596,188,000 of such debt is governed by two essentially identical indentures that contain customary investment-grade type covenants. The primary covenant in both indentures limits the amount of secured debt we may incur without ratably securing such debt. $250,000,000 of such debt is governed, as described below, by the same credit agreement that governs our line of credit. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all term debt covenants.

In June 2017, we issued $1,000,000,000 of debt composed of three issuances as follows: (1) $700,000,000 of 4.50% senior notes due June 2047, (2) $50,000,000 of 3.90% senior notes due April 2027 (these notes are a further issuance of, and form a single series with, the 3.90% notes issued in March 2017), and (3) $250,000,000 of floating-rate senior notes due June 2020. These issuances resulted in proceeds of $989,512,000 (net of original issue discounts/premiums, underwriter fees and other transaction costs). The proceeds will be used to partially finance the pending acquisition of Aggregates USA, LLC as described in Note 16 and were used to early retire the notes due in 2018 ($272,512,000 @ 7.00% and $250,000,000 @ 10.375%). This early retirement was completed in July at a cost of $565,560,000 including a $43,020,000 premium above the principal amount of the notes and transaction costs of $28,000. As a result, in the third quarter, we recognized $3,029,000 of net noncash expense associated with the acceleration of unamortized discounts, deferred debt issuance costs and deferred interest rate derivative settlement losses. The combined charge of $46,077,000 was a component of interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In June 2017, we drew the full $250,000,000 on the unsecured delayed draw term loan entered into in December 2016. These funds were used to repay the $235,000,000 borrowed on our line of credit and for general corporate purposes. Borrowings bear interest in the same manner as the line of credit. The term loan principal will be repaid quarterly beginning March 2018 as follows: quarters 5 - 8 @ $1,562,500/quarter; 9 - 12 @ $3,125,000/quarter; 13 - 19 @ $4,687,500/quarter and $198,437,500 for quarter 20 (December 2021). The term loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty. It is provided by the same group of banks that provides our line of credit, and is governed by the same credit agreement as the line of credit. As such, it is subject to the same affirmative, negative, and financial covenants.

In March 2017, we issued $350,000,000 of 3.90% senior notes due April 2027 for proceeds of $345,450,000 (net of original issue discounts, underwriter fees and other transaction costs). The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. This series of notes now totals $400,000,000 due to the additional $50,000,000 of notes issued in June (as described above).

STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT

We provide, in the normal course of business, certain third-party beneficiaries with standby letters of credit to support our obligations to pay or perform according to the requirements of an underlying agreement. Such letters of credit typically have an initial term of one year, typically renew automatically, and can only be modified or cancelled with the approval of the beneficiary. All of our standby letters of credit are issued by banks that participate in our $750,000,000 line of credit, and reduce the borrowing capacity thereunder. Our standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2017 are summarized by purpose in the table below:



in thousands
Standby Letters of Credit
Risk management insurance	$ 38,111
Reclamation/restoration requirements	5,177
Total	$ 43,288