10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from                      to                    

Commission File Number: 001-37582

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	16-1755067
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Adesto Technologies Corporation
3600 Peterson Way
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408) 400-0578

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒    No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer   ☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
	Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	Class		Outstanding at June 11, 2020
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share		31,249,484 shares

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock	IOTS	The Nasdaq Stock Market

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2020

INDEX

	PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48
	PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	49
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	75
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	75
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	75
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	75
Item 5.	Other Information	75
Item 6.	Exhibits	76
Signatures		77

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,965	$	21,262
Restricted cash		504		460
Accounts receivable, net		38,074		40,492
Inventories		22,210		20,023
Prepaid expenses		1,678		2,052
Other current assets		1,007		249
Total current assets		73,438		84,538
Property and equipment, net		7,798		8,113
Intangible assets, net		27,320		29,108
Operating lease right-of-use assets		4,118		4,300
Other non-current assets		3,113		2,503
Goodwill		38,640		38,640
Total assets	$	154,427	$	167,202
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	24,245	$	22,844
Accrued compensation and benefits		1,941		5,279
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		7,106		9,368
Price adjustments and other revenue reserves		3,453		3,640
Earn-out liability		2,000		2,911
Operating lease liabilities, current		1,266		1,230
Total current liabilities		40,011		45,272
Convertible long-term debt		57,264		56,589
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		4,400		4,726
Deferred tax liability, non-current		1,281		1,363
Other non-current liabilities		401		476
Total liabilities		103,357		108,426
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 10)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 30,816,165 and 30,268,685 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		3		3
Additional paid-in capital		209,984		206,356
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(10)		309
Accumulated deficit		(158,907)		(147,892)
Total stockholders' equity		51,070		58,776
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	154,427	$	167,202

(1) The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenue, net	$	20,021	$	28,113
Cost of revenue		11,384		14,893
Gross profit		8,637		13,220
Operating expenses:
Research and development		7,664		7,522
Selling, general and administrative		8,823		7,935
Amortization of intangible assets		1,788		1,788
Acquisition related expenses		1,901		222
Impairment and other charges		—		1,694
Total operating expenses		20,176		19,161
Loss from operations		(11,539)		(5,941)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net		(1,515)		(1,370)
Other income, net		1,936		220
Total other income (expense), net		421		(1,150)
Loss before benefit from income taxes		(11,118)		(7,091)
Benefit from income taxes		(103)		(31)
Net loss	$	(11,015)	$	(7,060)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.36)	$	(0.24)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted		30,561,076		29,592,247

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Net loss	$	(11,015)	$	(7,060)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(319)		(128)
Comprehensive loss	$	(11,334)	$	(7,188)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balances as of January 1, 2020	30,268,685	$	3	$	206,356	$	309	$	(147,892)	$	58,776
Options exercised	299,737		—		1,172		—		—		1,172
Employee stock purchase plan	128,601		—		777		—		—		777
Restricted stock units, net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards	119,142		—		(246)		—		—		(246)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		1,925		—		—		1,925
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		(319)		—		(319)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(11,015)		(11,015)
Balances as of March 31, 2020	30,816,165	$	3	$	209,984	$	(10)	$	(158,907)	$	51,070

6

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data) (continued)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balances as of January 1, 2019	29,442,065	$	3	$	184,158	$	(135)	$	(121,284)	$	62,742
ASC 842 adoption adjustment	—		—		—		—		248		248
Options exercised	9,712		—		26		—		—		26
Employee stock purchase plan	129,815		—		544		—		—		544
Restricted stock units, net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards	66,995		—		(85)		—		—		(85)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		1,075		—		—		1,075
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		(128)		—		(128)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(7,060)		(7,060)
Balances as of March 31, 2019	29,648,587	$	3	$	185,718	$	(263)	$	(128,096)	$	57,362

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(11,015)	$	(7,060)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense		1,925		1,075
Depreciation and amortization		997		646
Amortization of intangible assets		1,788		1,788
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		675		401
Deferred income taxes		(82)		(75)
Decrease in fair value of earn-out liability		(911)		(320)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		2,418		(9)
Inventories		(2,187)		1,992
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(384)		(301)
Other non-current assets		(316)		176
Accounts payable		2,112		545
Accrued compensation and benefits		(3,338)		57
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(2,262)		756
Price adjustments and other revenue reserves		(187)		1
Other non-current liabilities		(365)		(303)
Net cash used in operating activities		(11,132)		(631)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment		(1,114)		(600)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate		(112)		(4)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,226)		(604)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan		1,949		570
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of restricted stock units		(246)		(85)
Payments on term loan		—		(437)
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,703		48
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(598)		203
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(11,253)		(984)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of year		21,722		9,088
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period	$	10,469	$	8,104
Supplemental disclosures of other cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest expense	$	1,531	$	981
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing information:
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	711	$	165

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Organization and Nature of Operations.

Adesto Technologies Corporation (together with its subsidiaries; “Adesto”, “we”, “our”, “us” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of California in January 2006 and reincorporated in Delaware in October 2015. We are a leading provider of innovative, application-specific semiconductor and systems for the Internet of Things era. Our corporate headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California.

On May 9, 2018 we acquired 100% of the issued capital of S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited and on September 14, 2018 we acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon Corporation. Our financial results include the operating results of those entities from the date of acquisition.

On February 20, 2020, we entered into a definitive merger agreement with Dialog Semiconductor plc (“Dialog”), a company incorporated in England and Wales. According to the terms of the merger, Dialog will acquire 100% of the issued capital of the Company (see Note 17, “Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc”).

Basis of Presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10 Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP to complete annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of our management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company and its results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, for any other interim period or for any other future year.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2020.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of our operations, and the operations of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies described in Note 1, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, except as described below..

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. As part of the FASB's disclosure framework project, it has eliminated, amended and added disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of, and reasons for, transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy of timing of transfers between

9

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

levels of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. Public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. This ASU was adopted on January 1, 2020 and changed disclosure requirements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. This ASU was adopted on January 1, 2020 and did not have an impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvement to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The subsequent ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU No. 2016-13. Instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within ASU No. 2016-13.

Additionally, ASU No. 2019-10 defers the effective date for the adoption of the new standard on credit losses for public filers that are considered small reporting companies (“SRC”) as defined by the SEC to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which will be fiscal 2023 for the Company if it continues to be classified as a SRC. In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, which provides guidance regarding methodologies, documentation, and internal controls related to expected credit losses. The subsequent amendments will have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU No. 2016-13. Early adoption is permitted. Topic 326 requires a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of Topic 326, Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and the related disclosures.

Revenue from contracts with customers.

 Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales of products with alternative use account for the majority of our revenue and are recognized at a point in time, the timing of such recognition remained the same under Topic 606.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer and deposited with the relevant government authority, are excluded from revenue. Our revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components.

10

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Revenue is recognized over a period of time when it is assessed that performance obligations are satisfied over a period rather than at a point in time. When any of the following criteria is fulfilled, revenue is recognized over a period of time:

(a)	The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the performance as Adesto performs.
(b)	Adesto’s performance creates or enhances an asset (for example, work in process) that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced.
(c)	Adesto’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use, and Adesto has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

If revenue is recognized over a period of time, we would then select an appropriate method for measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, usually costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation. Typically, our revenue from NVM and Embedded Systems products is recognized at a point in time. Revenues from our ASIC and IP solutions products are generally recognized over of period of time.

Sales to certain distributors are made under arrangements which provide the distributors with price adjustments, price protection, stock rotation and other allowances under certain circumstances. These adjustments and allowances are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenue recognized. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

If a customer pays consideration, or Adesto has a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional before we transfer a good or service to the customer, those amounts are classified as deferred income/ advances received from customers which are included in other current liabilities or other long-term liabilities when the payment is made or it is due, whichever is earlier.

If the arrangement includes variable contingent consideration, we recognize revenue over time if we can reasonably measure its progress, or we are capable of providing reliable information that would be required to apply an appropriate method of measuring progress. To date, we have not had any arrangements incorporating contingent consideration.

Sales commissions are owed and are recorded at the time of sell through of our products to end customers. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Company has entered into, and will continue to enter into, development agreements. Typically, revenue is recognized over time on a percentage of completion basis based on resources expended to date as compared to budgeted resources. Cost associated with these contracts can be classified as cost of revenue or research and development expense depending on the terms of the contract.

The Company has entered into, and will continue to enter into, development agreements. Typically, revenue is recognized over time on a percentage of completion basis based on resources expended to date as compared to budgeted resources. Cost associated with these contracts can be classified as cost of revenue or research and development expense depending on the terms of the contract.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

11

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Timing of Revenue Recognition.

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
	2020		2019
Products transferred at a point in time	$	18,009	$	24,135
Products and services transferred over time		2,012		3,978
	$	20,021	$	28,113

The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as accounts receivable, unbilled and our contract liabilities which we classify as deferred revenue:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
	(in thousands)
Contract assets:
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$	5,593	$	4,795	$	798
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	224	$	415	$	(191)

Accounts receivable, unbilled represents revenue recognized on certain development contracts for which invoicing has not yet occurred based on the terms of the development contract. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $5.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, classified as unbilled accounts receivable within accounts receivable.

Deferred revenue represents amounts invoiced to customers for certain development contracts for which revenue has yet to be recognized based on actual development hours performed. Typically, the timing of invoicing is based on the terms of the contract. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of deferred revenue classified as accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Reclassifications.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not result in any change in previously reported total assets, stockholders’ equity or net loss.

Use of Estimates.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate those estimates, including those related to allowances for doubtful accounts, price adjustments and other revenue reserves, warranty accrual, inventory write-downs, valuation of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, loss on purchase commitments, valuation of deferred taxes and contingencies. In addition, we use assumptions when employing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to value certain restricted stock units with market-based vesting conditions. We base our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

12

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Product Warranty.

Our non-volatile memory (“NVM”) products are sold with a limited warranty for a period of one year, warranting that the product conforms to specifications and is free from material defects in design, materials and workmanship. To date, we have had insignificant returns of any defective production parts. During 2019 and the first three months of 2020 we did not record any additional liability related to potential warranty claims. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the warranty accrual related to NVM products was $51,000 and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

At the time of the Echelon acquisition we recorded a warranty liability of $401,000 related to Echelon products. For the period ended December 31, 2018 we recorded an increase in the warranty liability of $53,000. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the warranty accrual related to Echelon products was $453,000 of which $186,000 was recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and $267,000 is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Currency Translation.

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. In consolidation, we translate assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date. We translate revenue and expense accounts at the average exchange rates during the period in which the transaction takes place. Net gains and losses from foreign currency translation of assets and liabilities were losses of $319,000 and $128,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 respectively, and are included in the cumulative translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, a component of stockholders’ equity. Net gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency were a gain of $271,000 and a loss of $97,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Concentration of Risk.

Our products are primarily manufactured, assembled and tested by third-party foundries and other contractors in Asia and we are heavily dependent on a single foundry in Taiwan for the manufacture of wafers and a single contractor in the Philippines for assembly and testing of our products. We do not have long-term agreements with either of these suppliers. A significant disruption in the operations of these parties would adversely impact the production of our products for a substantial period of time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivables. We place substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and investments on deposit with three reputable, high credit quality financial institutions in the United States of America. We believe that the banks that holds substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and are investments is financially sound and, accordingly, subject to minimal credit risk. Deposits held with the banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.

We generally do not require collateral or other security in support of accounts receivable. We periodically review the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $60,000 and $60,000, respectively.

13

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Customer concentrations as a percentage of revenue, net were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Customer A	*	%	26	%
Customer B	12	%	*	%

* less than 10%

Customer concentrations as a percentage of gross accounts receivable were as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Customer C	47	%	45	%

Note 2. Acquisitions.

Echelon Corporation

On September 14, 2018, we acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Echelon”), pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 28, 2018. The purchase price was approximately $44.1 million paid in cash.

The assets and liabilities of Echelon were recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values. Fair value is estimated based on one or a combination of income, cost and/or market approaches, as determined based on the nature of the asset or liability, and the level of inputs available. With respect to assets and liabilities, the determination of fair value requires management to make subjective judgments as to projections of future operating performance, the appropriate discount rate to apply, long-term growth rates, and other factors, which affect the amounts recorded in the purchase price allocation. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets, net of liabilities, is recorded as goodwill, which is indicative of the expected continued growth and development of Echelon. The purchase price allocation that follows is based on these estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

14

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash	$	15,270
Short term investments		1,274
Accounts receivable		3,020
Inventories		5,710
Other current assets		2,845
Property and equipment, net		614
Intangible assets		17,690
Goodwill		4,266
Other non-current assets		252
Accounts payable		(3,630)
Other current liabilities		(2,642)
Other non-current liabilities		(563)
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	44,106

Intangible assets reflect the following:

		Fair Value	Useful Life (in Years)
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	6,520	7
Developed technology		10,670	4
Trademarks		500	8
Total acquired intangible assets	$	17,690

S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited

On May 9, 2018, we acquired 100% of the issued capital of S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited, a private company limited by shares and incorporated in Ireland (“S3 Semiconductors”), pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement dated May 9, 2018 (the “Agreement”). S3 Semiconductors is headquartered in Ireland and its subsidiaries are in the United States, Portugal and the Czech Republic. S3 Semiconductors and its subsidiaries are engaged in the business of providing advanced mixed signal semiconductor devices and intellectual property to customers in the industrial and communications markets. The aggregate consideration was approximately $35.0 million in cash and contingent consideration in the form of a $15.0 million earn-out. The earn-out is based on achievement of certain milestones through 2019, including minimum total revenue targets, revenue derived from sales of semiconductor devices and new customer engagements with minimum value thresholds. Based on revised estimates of performance against the earn-out thresholds we recorded a change in the fair value of the earn-out liability to approximately $10.5 million as of December 31, 2018. During 2019 we revalued the earn-out liability and recorded a reduction in that liability of approximately $0.3 million. In October 2019, we paid approximately $7.2 million against the liability and during the three months ended March 31, 2020 we revalued the earn-out liability and recorded a reduction in that liability of $0.9 million which was recorded as other income in the statement of operations. As of March 31, 2020, we estimated the fair value of the earn-out liability to be $2.0 million.

The assets and liabilities of S3 Semiconductors were recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values. Fair value is estimated based on one or a combination of income, cost and/or market approaches, as determined based on the nature of the asset or liability, and the level of inputs available. With respect to assets and liabilities, the determination of fair value requires management to make subjective judgments as to projections of future operating performance, the appropriate discount rate to apply, long-term growth rates, and other factors, which affect the amounts recorded in the purchase price allocation. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets, net of liabilities, is recorded as goodwill, which is

15

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

indicative of the expected continued growth and development of S3 Semiconductors. The purchase price allocation that follows is based on these estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash	$	267
Accounts receivable		192
Other current assets		883
Property and equipment, net		191
Intangible assets		15,340
Goodwill		34,352
Accounts payable		(37)
Deferred revenue		(129)
Earn-out liability, current		(10,218)
Other current liabilities		(761)
Deferred tax liability		(1,918)
Earn-out liability, non-current		(3,279)
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	34,883

Intangible assets reflect the following:

		Fair Value	Useful Life (in Years)
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	12,880	7
Contract backlog		210	0.5
Developed technology		1,080	5
Non-compete agreements		380	2
Trademarks		790	12
Total	$	15,340

16

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 3. Balance Sheet Components.

Accounts Receivable, Net.

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts receivable	$	32,541	$	35,757
Accounts receivable, unbilled		5,593		4,795
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(60)		(60)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	38,074	$	40,492

Inventories.

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	1,843	$	6,081
Work-in-process		10,051		6,715
Finished goods		10,316		7,227
Total inventories	$	22,210	$	20,023

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not record any additional write-downs related to excess inventory. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a write-down of $0.3 million related to excess inventory.

Inventory write-downs are primarily associated with products built in excess of customer demand which resulted in excess inventory levels, legacy products for which no demand exists, lower of cost or net realizable value write-downs associated with products for which costs exceeded net realizable value, and write-downs associated with the closing of the Echelon lighting business.

Property and Equipment, Net.

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Machinery and equipment	$	17,057	$	17,522
Leasehold improvements		4,444		4,445
Computer software		4,791		4,142
Furniture and fixtures		744		733
Construction in progress		299		115
Property and equipment, at cost		27,335		26,957
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,537)		(18,844)
Property and equipment, net	$	7,798	$	8,113

The Company incurs costs for the fabrication of masks used by its foundry partners to manufacture its products. Beginning the first fiscal quarter of 2017, the Company capitalizes mask costs that are expected to be utilized in

17

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

production manufacturing as the Company’s product development process has become more predictable and thus supports capitalization of the mask. The capitalized mask costs begin depreciating to cost of revenue once the products go into production. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over a three- year period which is the expected useful life of the mask. Previously mask sets were expensed to research and development.

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accrued sales commission payable	$	258	$	389
Accrued manufacturing expenses		1,686		1,106
Liabilities to certain customers		2,242		4,144
Warranty reserve		504		513
Income tax payable		513		132
Deferred revenue, current portion		224		415
Interest payable		171		950
Other accrued liabilities		1,508		1,719
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,106	$	9,368

18

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We measure financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices which are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.

Level 3. Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and which are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
			Significant
	Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
	Active Markets		Observable		Unobservable
	for Identical		Inputs		Inputs
	Assets (Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
	(in thousands)
As of March 31, 2020
Assets:
Money market funds	$	504	$	—	$	—	$	504
U.S. government securities		300		—		—		300
	$	804	$	—	$	—	$	804
Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Money market funds	$	460	$	—	$	—	$	460
U.S. government securities		300		—		—		300
	$	760	$	—	$	—	$	760
Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	—	$	—	$	2,911	$	2,911

As of March 31, 2020, we had an earn-out liability of $2.0 million, all of which related to the acquisition of S3 Semiconductors, which was completed in May 2018 (see Note 2). The earn-out liability was calculated using the present value of a probability weighted income approach. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 we reached a settlement on the final amount of the earn-out liability and reduced the balance to $2.0 million.

19

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Changes in the earn-out liability during 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	2,911
Acquisitions		—
Change in fair value		(911)
Change in foreign currency exchange rate		—
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	2,000

The Company’s cash equivalents include U.S. government securities with a minimum and weighted average credit rating of A-1+. The Company values these securities based on pricing from pricing vendors, who may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value. As of March 31, 2020 the Company classified all of its fixed income securities as having Level 1 inputs. The Company's procedures include controls to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded by comparing prices obtained from a third party independent source.

Note 5. Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill

In 2012, in connection with our purchase of the serial flash memory product line assets from Atmel Corporation, we recorded $16.4 million of intangible assets.

In connection with the acquisition of S3 (Note 2), we recorded $15.3 million of intangible assets.

In connection with the acquisition of Echelon (Note 2), we recorded $17.7 million of intangible assets.

Intangible assets, net were as follows (in thousands):

			March 31, 2020
	Estimated Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying  Amount	Net Carrying  Amount
Developed technology	4 - 10		$	16,032		$	7,734		$	8,298
Customer relationships	7 - 12			28,411			10,489			17,922
Customer backlog	1			2,779			2,779			—
Contract backlog	0.5			210			210			—
Non-compete agreement	2 - 5			662			635			27
Trademarks	8 - 12			1,290			217			1,073
Total intangible assets subject to amortization			$	49,384		$	22,064		$	27,320

20

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

		December 31, 2019
	Estimated Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying  Amount
Developed technology	4 - 10	$	16,032	$	6,905	$	9,127
Customer relationships	7 - 12		28,411		9,608		18,803
Customer backlog	1		2,779		2,779		—
Contract backlog	0.5		210		210		—
Non-compete agreement	2 - 5		662		588		74
Trademarks	8 - 12		1,290		186		1,104
Total intangible assets subject to amortization		$	49,384	$	20,276	$	29,108

We recorded amortization expense related to the acquisition-related intangible assets as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating expense category:
Research and development	$	828	$	828
Selling, general and administrative		960		960
Total	$	1,788	$	1,788

The estimated future amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets subject to amortization after September 30, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$	5,249
2021		6,962
2022		6,070
2023		3,735
2024		3,463
Thereafter		1,841
Total	$	27,320

Note 6. Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliates.

During 2017 and 2016, we made investments in Semitech Semiconductor Pty. Ltd., an Australian corporation (“Semitech”), as part of a license and development agreement dated April 16, 2016. Semitech has developed Narrowband-Power Line Communications (“N-PLC”) products and market knowledge in the N-PLC devices space and plans to sell its products into the smart grid, solar, smart lighting and industrial space. Investments during 2016 through June 14, 2017 were recorded as notes receivable. On June 15, 2017, $0.4 million of notes receivable and accrued interest were converted into 233,335 shares of preferred stock in Semitech. In June 2018, we converted $0.5 million of notes receivable and accrued interest into 312,076 shares of preferred stock in Semitech. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 we invested $0.11 million in additional notes receivable in Semitech. This investment is recorded at cost in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we held investments in notes receivable in Semitech in the amount of $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which were classified in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

21

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 7. Borrowings.

Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Term Loan.

On May 8, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement with Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“Tennenbaum”) (“Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a first lien senior secured term loan of $35.0 million (“Term Loan”). The Term Loan bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the Libor Rate plus 8.75% and was payable in consecutive quarterly installments starting December 31, 2018. The Term Loan was scheduled to mature on May 8, 2022. The Credit Agreement provided that any indebtedness we incurred thereunder was collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company and any domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain customary exceptions.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, contained customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum consolidated leverage ratios and minimum liquidity. Upon an occurrence of an event of default, under the Credit Facility we could have been required to pay interest on all outstanding obligations under the agreement at a rate of 2% above the otherwise applicable interest rate, and the lender may have accelerated our obligations under the agreement.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, Tennenbaum received a warrant to purchase 850,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.62 and a term of six years. In addition, we paid financing costs of $1.4 million. The financing costs and the value of the warrant, $4.8 million, were recorded as a debt discount and were being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement.

Borrowings of $33.8 million under this facility were repaid in full in September 2019. In addition, the Company was required to pay a prepayment premium of $0.8 million which represented 2% of the outstanding loan balance.

Note 8. Convertible Notes.

On September 23, 2019, the Company completed offering of $80.5 million aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the "Notes"). The Notes were sold pursuant to an indenture, dated September 23, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association (the “Trustee”), referred to herein as the “Indenture.” The Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes pay interest at a rate equal to 4.25% per year. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning March 15, 2020. Interest accrues on the Notes from the last date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for or, if no interest has been paid or duly provided for, from September 23, 2019. Unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased, the Notes mature on September 15, 2024.

The implied estimated effective rate of the liability component of the Notes is 12.3%.

The Notes are convertible into Company common stock at an initial conversion rate of 83.3021 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to adjustment upon certain events.

The Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at the option of the holder, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 15, 2024, but only in the following circumstances:

(1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price on such trading day;

22

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

(2) during the five business day period immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (the five consecutive trading day period being referred to as the ‘‘measurement period’’) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on such trading day;

(3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events, including fundamental changes (as described in the Indenture); or

(4) if the Company calls the Notes for redemption.

In addition, regardless of the foregoing circumstances, holders may convert their Notes at any time on or after June 15, 2024 and prior to the close of business on the day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Notes. Upon conversion, the Company may elect to settle by paying or delivering either solely cash, shares of Company common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock.

In accordance with ASC 470-20, the initial measurement of the Notes at fair value resulted in a liability of $57.9 million, as such, the calculated discount resulted in an implied value of the convertible feature recognized in Capital in excess of Par Value of $22.6 million. Issuance costs include initial purchasers’ discounts of $3.22 million and other costs of $0.3 million amounting to $3.5 million were allocated to components on a ratable basis as follows; Additional Paid-In Capital, $1.0 million, and Convertible Notes, $2.5 million.

The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, restricts the Company’s ability to merge, consolidate or sell, or otherwise dispose of, all or substantially all of its assets. These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions.

The Indenture contains customary Events of Default (as defined in the Indenture), including default in the event the Company fails to pay interest on the Notes when due, and such failure continues for 30 days, or the Company fails to pay the principal of the Notes when due, including at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise; failure to comply with covenants and other obligations under the Indenture, including delivery of required notices and obligations in connection with conversion, in certain cases subject to notice and grace periods; payment defaults and accelerations with respect to other indebtedness of the Company and its significant subsidiaries in the aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million or more; failure by the Company or its significant subsidiaries to pay certain final judgments aggregating in excess of $15.0 million within 60 consecutive days of such final judgment; and specified events involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company or its significant subsidiaries.

Upon an Event of Default, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. In the case of Events of Default relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable immediately without further action or notice.

On September 18, 2019, in connection with the pricing of the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Base Capped Call Transactions”) with each of Credit Suisse Capital LLC and Société Générale (the “option counterparties). On September 19, 2019, in connection with the exercise of the option in full by the initial purchasers, Adesto entered into additional privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Additional Capped Call Transactions,” and together with the Base Capped Call Transactions, the “Capped Call Transactions”) with each of the option counterparties.

The Capped Call Transactions relating to the Notes will initially cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of common stock that initially underlie the Notes. The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions is initially $15.86 per share of common stock, representing a premium of 75.0% above the last reported

23

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

sales price of $9.06 per share of common stock on September 18, 2019, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the common stock as a result of any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments that Adesto would be required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price.

In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the Capped Call Transactions, the Company expects that the option counterparties or their respective affiliates will purchase shares of common stock and/or enter into various derivative transactions with respect to common stock concurrently with, or shortly after, the pricing of the Notes. This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) the market price of common stock or Notes at that time.

In addition, the Company expects that the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to common stock and/or purchasing or selling common stock in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the Notes and prior to the maturity of the Notes. This activity could cause or avoid an increase or decrease in the market price of common stock or the Notes which could affect holders’ ability to convert the Notes.

The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions entered into by Adesto with the option counterparties, are not part of the terms of the Notes, and will not affect any holder’s rights under the Notes. Holders of the Notes will not have any right with respect to the Capped Calls Transactions. The premium paid for the purchase of the capped calls in the amount of $6.2 million has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and will not be remeasured.

24

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

The following table summarizes information about the equity and liability components of the Notes (in thousands): 

	March 31,
	2020
Principal amount	$	80,500
Unamortized discount		(20,908)
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,328)
Total convertible senior notes	$	57,264
Equity component, net of issuance costs	$	21,662

Note 9. Segment Information.

We operate in one business segment: application-specific, semiconductors and embedded systems. Our chief decision-maker, the President and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates our performance based on company-wide consolidated results. Revenue is evaluated by product category and by geographic region.

Product revenue from customers is designated based on the geographic region to which the product is delivered. Revenue by geographic region was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	3,006	$	7,470
Rest of Americas		485		1,861
Europe		3,454		4,788
Asia Pacific		13,008		13,716
Rest of world		68		278
Total	$	20,021	$	28,113

Long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic region where they are located. Long-lived assets by geographic region were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	3,191	$	3,248
Asia Pacific		3,831		4,093
Europe		776		772
Total property and equipment, net	$	7,798	$	8,113

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	1,985	$	2,078
Asia Pacific		171		185
Europe		1,962		2,037
Total operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,118	$	4,300

25

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies.

Operating Leases.

We lease certain manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office space, and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various times up to November 2033 and have options to renew most leases, with rentals to be negotiated. Certain of our leases contain provisions for rental adjustments. Operating lease rentals are expensed on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease beginning on the date we take possession of the property. At lease inception, we determine the lease term by assuming the exercise of those renewal options that are reasonably assured. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The lease term is used to determine whether a lease is financing or operating and is used to calculate straight-line rent expense. Additionally, the depreciable life of leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table reflects our lease assets and our lease liabilities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands).

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,118	$	4,300
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	1,266	$	1,230
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$	4,400	$	4,726

Lease Costs:

The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	473	$	551

As of March 31, 2020, the maturity of operating lease liabilities was as follows (in thousands):

(In thousands)
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$	1,512
2021		1,691
2022		1,552
2023		1,015
2024		221
Thereafter		1,954
Total lease payments		7,945
Less: Interest		(2,279)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	5,666

26

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Lease Term and Discount Rate:

	March 31,
	2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	7.3
Weighted-average discount rate	11.56	%

Other Information:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	473	$	551
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Purchase Commitments.

As of March 31, 2020, we had purchase commitments with our third-party foundries of $9.1 million due within one year.

Litigation.

We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation, including intellectual property litigation, arising in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes and are not predictable with assurance. We accrue amounts that we believe are adequate to address any liabilities related to legal proceedings and other loss contingencies that we believe will result in a probable loss that is reasonably estimable.

Indemnification.

During the normal course of business, we may make certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees which may include intellectual property indemnities to certain of our customers in connection with the sales of our products and indemnities for liabilities associated with the infringement of other parties’ technology based upon our products. Our exposure under these indemnification provisions is generally limited to the total amount paid by a customer under the agreement. However, certain agreements include indemnification provisions that could potentially expose us to losses in excess of the amount received under the agreement. In addition, we indemnify our officers, directors and certain key employees while they are serving in good faith in such capacities.

We have not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and guarantees in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Where necessary, we accrue for losses for any known contingent liabilities, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable.

27

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 11. Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan.

Common Stock.

We are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock with $0.0001 par value per share as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share. As of March 31, 2020, no dividends have been declared by the Board of Directors, however, the holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends, when and if declared by our Board of Directors.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had reserved shares of common stock for future issuances as follows:

	March 31,	December 31,
	2020	2019
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,165,282	1,165,282
Options outstanding	1,626,244	1,929,391
Restricted stock units outstanding	2,253,181	1,451,507
Shares available for future grants	557,671	288,813
Shares available for ESPP	547,513	373,428
Shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Notes	8,885,204	8,885,204
Total	15,035,095	14,093,625

Common Stock Warrants.

In connection with the Credit Agreement (Note 7), the Company issued Tennenbaum a warrant to purchase 850,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.62 per share with a term of six years.

The following common stock warrants were outstanding:

As of March 31, 2020
Total amount of securities issuable
under the outstanding warrants	Exercise Price		Issuance Date	Expiration Date
315,282	$	2.38	2014-2015	2022-2024
850,000	$	8.62	2018	2024
1,165,282	$	6.93

Common stock warrants are exercisable at the option of the holder any time after the date of issuance into shares of our common stock.

Employee Benefit Plans.

2007 Equity Incentive Plan.

In 2007, our Board of Directors and shareholders approved the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) under which 272,727 shares of common stock were reserved and available for the issuance of stock options and restricted stock to eligible participants. The 2007 Plan was subsequently amended to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2007 Plan to 787,878 and during the year ended December 31, 2015, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2007 Plan was increased to 2,651,515. Options and restricted stock

28

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

awards were granted at a price per share not less than the 85% of the fair value at the date of grant or award, respectively. Restricted stock awarded to persons controlling more than 10% of our stock were granted at a price per share not less than the 100% of the fair value at the date of the award. Options that were granted to new employees generally vest over a four-year period with 25% vesting at the end of one year and the remaining to vest monthly thereafter, while options that were granted to existing employees generally vest over a four-year period. Options granted generally are exercisable up to 10 years from the date of grant. As of October 26, 2015, no shares were available for grant under the 2007 Plan and all outstanding options would continue to be governed and remain outstanding in accordance with their existing terms. In addition, any shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2007 Plan that are issuable upon the exercise of options that expire or become unexercisable for any reason without having been exercised in full will be available for future grant and issuance under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

In September 2015, our Board of Directors adopted, and in October 2015 our stockholders approved, our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. The 2015 Equity Incentive Plan became effective on the date immediately prior to the date of our initial public offering (“IPO”). As a result, 1,813,272 shares of common stock previously reserved but unissued under the 2007 Plan on the effective date of the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan became reserved for issuance under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, and we ceased granting awards under our 2007 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January of each of 2016 through 2025 by the number of shares equal to 4% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31. However, our Board of Directors may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year.

Our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance awards and stock bonuses. No person will be eligible to receive more than 2,000,000 shares in any calendar year under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan other than a new employee of ours, who will be eligible to receive no more than 4,000,000 shares under the plan in the calendar year in which the employee commences employment. The aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be subject to awards granted to any one non-employee director pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan in any calendar year shall not exceed 300,000. Our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan provides that no more than 25,000,000 shares will be issued as incentive stock options.

2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

In September 2015, our Board of Directors adopted, and in October 2015 our stockholders approved, our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan became effective on the date of our IPO. We reserved 150,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January following the first offering date by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31 (rounded to the nearest whole share). However, our Board of Directors may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year. The aggregate number of shares issued over the term of our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will not exceed 2,250,000 shares of our common stock.

Under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, eligible employees will be able to acquire shares of our common stock by accumulating funds through payroll deductions. Eligible employees will be able to select a rate of payroll deduction up to 15% of their base cash compensation. The purchase price for shares of our common stock purchased under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. Except for the first offering period, each offering period will run for no more than six months, with purchases occurring every six months. The first offering period began upon the effective date of our IPO and was originally set to end on June 30, 2016. On May 25, 2016, the Board of Directors extended the initial

29

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

offering period to July 31, 2016. Subsequent purchase periods will be 6 months in duration beginning on August 1, 2016. On July 29, 2016, we issued 68,392 shares of common stock in conjunction with the end date of the initial purchase window. During 2017, we issued 110,711 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On January 31, 2018 we issued 55,806 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On July 31, 2018 we issued 69,761 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On January 31, 2019 we issued 129,815 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On July 31, 2019 we issued 154,116 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On January 31, 2020 we issued 128,601 shares of common stock in conjunction with the end date of the latest purchase window.

No participant will have the right to purchase shares of our common stock in an amount that has a fair market value greater than $25,000, determined as of the first day of the applicable purchase period, for each calendar year in which that right is outstanding. In addition, no participant will be permitted to purchase more than 2,500 shares during any one purchase period or a lesser amount as determined by our compensation committee.

Our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will continue until the earlier to occur of its termination by our Board of Directors, the issuance of all shares reserved for issuance under it or the tenth anniversary of its effective date.

30

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

A summary of stock option and RSUs (including performance-based RSU) activity under the 2007 Plan and the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan is as follows:

	Stock Options
				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
		Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		Term (Years)	Value
	(aggregate intrinsic value in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	1,560,453	$	3.63	7.6	$	4,632
Granted	479,375		7.25
Exercised	(112,965)		2.48
Canceled	(61,448)		3.65
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,865,415		4.63	7.6	$	1,540
Granted	189,856		6.16
Exercised	(112,647)		3.36
Canceled	(13,233)		6.53
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,929,391		4.84	6.9	$	7,146
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(299,737)		3.91
Canceled	(3,410)		6.94
Outstanding as of March 31, 2020	1,626,244	$	5.01	6.9	$	10,057
Options vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2020	1,582,822	$	4.97	6.9	$	9,849
Options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2020	1,034,771	$	4.42	6.3	$	7,002

	Restricted Stock Units
				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
		Grant Date		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Fair Value		Term (Years)	Value
	(aggregate intrinsic value in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	509,894	$	2.84	1.4	$	3,288
Granted	925,578		6.55
Released	(264,568)		4.02
Forfeited/expired	(15,924)		8.34
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,154,980		5.50	1.4	$	5,082
Granted	978,851		6.35
Released	(512,703)		5.31
Forfeited/expired	(169,621)		5.15
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,451,507		6.18	1.3	$	12,314
Granted	958,825		7.88
Released	(143,625)		5.40
Forfeited/expired	(13,526)		7.67
Outstanding as of March 31, 2020	2,253,181	$	6.94	1.5	$	25,182

31

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 12. Stock-based Compensation.

We record stock-based compensation based on fair value as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options granted and Monte Carlo simulation techniques for certain RSUs with performance-based vesting conditions. We recognize such costs as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the employee’s requisite service period, which is generally four years. Our valuation assumptions are as follows:

Risk-free interest rate. We base the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent expected term of the options for each option group.

Expected term. The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumption is based on the simplified method in which the expected term is equal to the average of the stock-based award’s weighted-average vesting period and its contractual term. We expect to continue using the simplified method until sufficient information about historical behavior is available.

Volatility. We determine volatility based on the historical stock volatility of our publicly traded stock.

Dividend yield. We have never declared or paid any cash dividend and do not currently plan to pay a cash dividend in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine fair value of stock options:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2019
Volatility	66	%
Expected dividend yield	—
Risk-free rate	2.27	%
Expected term (in years)	6

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the options granted under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was $3.57 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019. There were no options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

On March 25, 2019, our compensation committee granted 147,954 RSUs that do not begin vesting unless certain performance goals are met. Vesting of these shares will not begin unless the stock price performance goals are met and the number of shares eligible to begin vesting are based on Adesto’s share performance as compared to the Russell 2000 stock index which is the performance threshold established by the compensation committee. The evaluation period for the stock performance is from March 15, 2019 through March 15, 2020. Vesting would begin on the one-year anniversary of the grant date with 20% of the shares vesting immediately and the remaining 80% of the shares vesting over the next eight quarters. As a result of these performance-based vesting conditions we valued these RSUs using Monte Carlo simulation techniques to establish a fair value per share of $4.05 at the time of grant. Expense for these RSUs is being amortized over three years. As of March 15, 2020 it was determined that the performance criteria had been met and that these RSU’s had been earned and would begin vesting.

On February 17, 2019, our compensation committee granted 97,087 RSUs that do not begin vesting unless certain performance goals are met. Vesting of these shares will not begin unless the stock price performance goals are met and the number of shares eligible to begin vesting are based on Adesto’s share performance as compared to the Russell 2000 stock index which is the performance threshold established by the compensation committee. The

32

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

evaluation period for the stock performance is from January 31, 2020 through January 31, 2021. Vesting would begin on January 31, 2021 with 25% of the shares vesting every six months over two years. As a result of these performance-based vesting conditions we valued these RSUs using Monte Carlo simulation techniques to establish a fair value per share of $10.75 at the time of grant. Expense for these RSUs is being amortized over three years.

The following table presents the effects of stock-based compensation for stock options, RSUs (including performance-based RSUs), and ESPP purchase rights (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	142	$	65
Research and development		696		389
Selling, general and administrative		1,087		621
Total	$	1,925	$	1,075

Stock-based compensation expense capitalized to inventories was not material during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

We did not realize any income tax benefit from stock option exercises in any of the periods presented due to recurring losses and valuation allowances.

As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, was approximately $1.9 million, and this amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs (including performance-based RSUs) and ESPP purchase rights was $12.1 million and $0.2 million respectively, and these amounts are expected to be recognized over 2.5 years and 0.3 years, respectively.

Note 13. Income Taxes.

We recorded a benefit from income tax of ($103,000) and ($31,000), respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The income tax provision is comprised of estimates of current and deferred taxes in domestic and foreign jurisdictions. The income tax provision reflects tax expense associated with foreign current and deferred taxes, state income tax, and uncertain tax positions. The decrease in the tax provision between 2020 and 2019 is primarily due to a deferred tax benefit associated with our foreign deferred tax liability and release of tax reserves due to the statute of limitations lapse on such reserve.

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions of the 2017 Tax Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or to treat any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period cost are both acceptable methods subject to an accounting policy election. Effective January 1, 2018, we elected to treat any potential GILTI inclusions as a period cost as we are not projecting any material impact from GILTI inclusions and any deferred taxes related to any inclusion would be immaterial.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted on March 27, 2020. It contains several provisions that may have financial statement effects. Key Aspects of the CARES Act include the following:

33

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

● Repealed the 80% taxable income limitation for 2018, 2019 and 2020. Also allows those years to be carried back up to five years;

● Allows corporations to claim 100% of AMT credits in 2019.  It also provides for an election to take the entire refundable credit amount in 2018;

● Section 163(j) Adjusted Taxable Income limit raised from 30% to 50% for businesses; and

● Technical corrections to TCJA for Qualified Improvement Property (“QIP”). Designates as 15-year property for depreciation purposes, which makes QIP a category eligible for 100% bonus depreciation.

The CARES Act is not expected have a material impact to Income Taxes in the Company's financial statements.

As of March 31, 2020, our deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance except in those jurisdictions where it is determined that a valuation allowance is not required. Accounting for income taxes provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not. Based on the weight of available evidence, which includes historical operating performance, reported cumulative net losses since inception and difficulty in accurately forecasting our future results, we provided a full valuation allowance against our net U.S. deferred tax assets. We reassess the need for our valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. If it is later determined that a portion or all of the valuation allowance is not required, the valuation allowance release will generally be a benefit to the income tax provision in the period that such determination is made.

We evaluate tax positions for recognition using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, and those tax positions eligible for recognition are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon the effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. We believe that we have provided adequate reserves for our income tax uncertainties in all open tax years. We do not anticipate a material change in the total amount or composition of its unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months of March 31, 2020.

We file federal, state, and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. Due to our net operating loss and credit carryforwards, our income tax returns generally remain subject to examination by federal, state, and international authorities.

Note 14. Net Loss Per Share.

The following outstanding common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020	2019
Stock options	1,626,244	2,018,469
Restricted stock units	2,253,181	1,346,031
Common stock warrants	1,165,282	1,239,423
Shares from the convertible senior notes	6,705,819	—
	11,750,526	4,603,923

34

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 15. Related Party Transactions.

The Company purchases certain wafers from Altis Semiconductor S.N.C., which was acquired by X-FAB Silicon Foundries, a stockholder of the Company, in 2016. There were no payments to X-Fab Silicon Foundries during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no amounts due.

On July 27, 2019, Susan Uthayakumar, the president of Schneider Electric, Canada joined the Company’s board of directors. The Company, through Echelon, sells Embedded Systems products to Schneider Electric. From September 14, 2018 (the date on which the Company acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon) and through the period ending March 31, 2020, the Company has recognized revenues of approximately $0.6 million from Schneider Electric. As of March 31, 2020 we had approximately $11,000 of outstanding accounts receivable with Schneider Electric.

Note 16. Restructuring

During 2019, the Company made the decision to close the lighting business which was acquired as part of the Echelon acquisition in September 2018. The lighting disposal liabilities included accrued costs for certain estimated warranty expenses, employee severance, additional inventory write-downs, additional bad debts, and additional materials at the Company’s subcontractors which have yet to be delivered.

Note 17. Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc

On February 20, 2020, the Company, Dialog Semiconductor plc, a company incorporated in England and Wales (“ Parent ”), and Azara Acquisition Corp. (“ Merger Sub ”), a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Parent, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “ Merger Agreement ”). The Board of Directors of the Company has unanimously determined that the Merger is advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of, the Company and its stockholders, and unanimously recommended the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the holders of the Company’s common stock (the “ Shares ”).

Pursuant to the terms of, and subject to the conditions specified in, the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, and the Company will become a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Parent (the “ Merger ”). If the Merger is consummated, each Share outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (other than (i) shares held, directly or indirectly, by any wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, (ii) shares held by the Company (or held in the Company’s treasury) or held, directly or indirectly by Parent, Merger Sub or any other wholly owned subsidiary of Parent and (iii) stockholders of the Company who are entitled to and who properly exercise appraisal rights under Delaware law) will be converted into the right to receive $12.55 in cash, without interest and subject to any required tax withholding.

The consummation of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, including, among other things, (i) the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the holders of a majority of the Company’s Shares outstanding on the record date, which occurred on May 5, 2020 at a special meeting of the stockholders called for such purpose; (ii) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended without the imposition of a Burdensome Condition (as defined in the Merger Agreement); (iii) obtainment of CFIUS Approval (as defined in the Merger Agreement); (iv) the absence of any order or other legal restraint or injunction preventing the consummation of the Merger and the absence of any law making the consummation of the Merger illegal, in any case, by any court or governmental entity having jurisdiction over the parties to the Merger Agreement; (v) the absence of certain legal proceedings brought by certain governmental entities relating to the Merger; (vi) the continued accuracy of the Company’s representations and warranties, subject to specified

35

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

materiality qualifications; (vii) the performance of the Company’s obligations and covenants under the Merger Agreement (to be performed at or prior to the consummation of the Merger) in all material respects and (vii) the absence of a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Merger Agreement). The transaction is not subject to a financing condition. The Company has filed the definitive proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2020. The Merger was approved by the stockholders of the Company on May 5, 2020. Subject to satisfaction of the closing conditions, the Company currently expects the merger to close in the second calendar quarter of 2020.

The Company has made customary representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement and has agreed to customary covenants, including (i) subject to certain limitations set forth in the Merger Agreement, to conduct the business and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, in all material respects, in the ordinary course and in accordance with past practices prior to the consummation of the Merger and (ii) to not engage in certain specified transactions or activities prior to the consummation of the Merger without Parent’s prior written consent. In addition, the Company has agreed (i) not to solicit, initiate, knowingly encourage, or knowingly facilitate any alternative acquisition proposals or acquisition inquiries or take any action that could reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry; (ii) not to furnish or otherwise provide access to any information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries to any person or entity in connection with or in response to an acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry; (iii) not to engage in discussions or negotiations with any person or entity with respect to any acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry; (iv) not to approve, endorse or recommend any acquisition proposal; and (v) not to enter into any letter of intent, memorandum of understanding, agreement in principle or similar document or any contract constituting or relating directly or indirectly to, or that contemplates or is intended or could reasonably be expected to result directly or indirectly in, an acquisition transaction, subject to customary exceptions in the exercise of the Board’s fiduciary duties.

The Merger Agreement contains customary termination rights for the parties, including the right to terminate the Merger Agreement if the Merger has not been consummated at or prior to 11:59 p.m. (California time) on August 20, 2020 (or, if so extended by either party in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, November 20, 2020) (the “End Date”). The Merger Agreement provides that the Company will be required to pay Parent a termination fee of $15.76 million if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, including by the Company to accept a Superior Offer (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and enter into a definitive agreement providing for consummation of the transaction contemplated by such Superior Offer. The Merger Agreement also provides that Parent will be required to pay to the Company a termination fee of $15.76 million if the Merger is not consummated due to a failure to obtain CFIUS Approval prior to the End Date.

Note 18. Subsequent events.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the operations and purchasing decisions of companies worldwide. It also has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty in the global economy. The Company has undertaken measures to protect its employees, partners, customers, and vendors. In addition, the Company’s personnel worldwide are subject to various travel restrictions, which limit the ability of the Company to provide services to customers and affiliates. This impacts the Company's normal operations. To date, the Company has been able to provide uninterrupted access to its products and services due to its globally distributed workforce, many of whom are working remotely, and its pre-existing infrastructure that supports secure access to the Company’s internal systems. If, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on the productivity of the Company’s employees or its partners’ or customers’ decision to use the Company’s products and services, the results of the Company’s operations and overall financial performance may be adversely impacted. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time. As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require updates to the Company’s estimates and judgments or revisions to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the condensed

36

ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the financial statements.

37

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-looking statements and factors that may affect future results

The discussion below contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to safe harbors under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or to our future financial or operating performance. You can generally identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. We have based these forward-looking statements primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events occurring or circumstances arising after the date of this report. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and our actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements on the basis of several factors, including those that we discuss in Risk Factors, set forth in Part II, Item 1A, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We encourage you to read that section carefully.

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes to audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. In this Quarterly Report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, “Adesto,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Adesto Technologies Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Impact of COVID-19

The global COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the operations and purchasing decisions of companies worldwide. It also has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty in the global economy. We have undertaken measures to protect our employees, partners, customers, and vendors. In addition, our personnel worldwide are subject to various travel restrictions and, which limit our ability of to provide services to customers and affiliates. This impacts our normal operations. To date, We have been able to provide uninterrupted access to our products and services due to our globally distributed workforce, many of whom are working remotely, and our pre-existing infrastructure that supports secure access to our internal systems. If, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on the productivity of our employees or our partners’ or customers’ decision to use our products and services, the results of our operations and overall financial performance may be adversely impacted. The extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on our business will depend largely on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. For a discussion of risks of COVID-19 relating to our business, see “Part II: Other Information-Item 1A.- Risk Factors- Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry- The recent coronavirus outbreak could have an adverse effect on our business.”

Overview

We are a leading provider of innovative, application-specific semiconductors and embedded systems that provide the key building blocks of Internet of Things (“IOT”) edge devices operating on networks worldwide. Our broad portfolio of semiconductor and embedded technologies are optimized for connected IoT devices used in industrial, consumer, communications and medical applications. Through expert design, systems expertise and proprietary intellectual property, we enable our customers to differentiate their systems where it matters most for IoT: longer battery life, greater reliability, integrated intelligence and lower cost. Through our solutions, we enable seamless access to data and control of ‘things’ in the connected world. Our product portfolio includes analog, digital and non-volatile memory

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(“NVM”) technologies delivered in the form of standard products, application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”) and intellectual property (“IP”) cores.

Our revenue is primarily derived from the sale of our NVM products, specifically our serial flash memory products, which represented substantially all of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020. In recent years, we have invested in developing new flash memory products that are well suited for low-power, high-growth applications. Revenue from our next-generation NVM products were $13.7 million and $17.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. With the acquisition of S3 Semiconductors, in May 2018, we expanded our product offering and began selling analog, mixed-signal and radio frequency ASICs and IP blocks, and managing the supply of high-quality devices to our customers. We acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Echelon”), on September 14, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 S3 Semiconductors and Echelon revenues were approximately $6.3 million and $10.9 million, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, our products were sold to more than 5,000 end customers. In general, we work directly with our customers to have our NVM devices designed into and qualified for their products. Although we maintain direct sales, support and development relationships with our customers, once our products are designed into a customer’s product, we sell a majority of our products to those customers through distributors. We generated 55% and 61% of our revenue from distributors in each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Sales to three distributors generated approximately 31% and 40% of our revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, we derived approximately 85% and 73% of our revenue internationally during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, the majority of which was recognized in the Asia Pacific (“APAC”) region. Revenue by geography is recognized based on the region to which our products are sold, and not to where the end products are shipped.

We employ a fabless manufacturing strategy and use market-leading suppliers for all phases of the manufacturing process, including wafer fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging. This strategy significantly reduces the capital investment that would otherwise be required to operate manufacturing facilities of our own.

On February 20, 2020, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Dialog and Merger Sub, pursuant to which Merger Sub will, pursuant to the terms of and subject to the conditions specified in the Merger Agreement, merge with and into us, and we will be the surviving corporation of the Merger and become a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Dialog. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, each share of our common stock (subject to certain exceptions) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger will be canceled and automatically converted into the right to receive $12.55 in cash, without interest and subject to any required tax withholding. Our Board of Directors has unanimously determined that the Merger is advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of, us and our stockholders, and unanimously recommended the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the holders of our common stock. The Company has filed the definitive proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2020. The Merger was approved by the stockholders of the Company on May 5, 2020. Subject to satisfaction of the closing conditions, we currently expect the merger to close in the second calendar quarter of 2020. For more information see Note 17, “Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc,” in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Product adoption in new markets and applications. We optimize our products to meet the technical requirements of the emerging IoT market. The growth in the IoT market is dependent on many factors, most of which are outside of our control. Should the IoT market not develop or develop more slowly, our financial results could be adversely affected.

Ability to attract and retain customers that make large orders. In 2019, our products were sold to more than 5,000 end customers, of which approximately 25 generated more than half of our revenue. One end customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in the first three months of 2020. One end customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in 2019. While we expect the composition of our customers to change over time, especially given our recent

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acquisitions, our business and operating results will depend on our ability to continually target new customers and retain existing customers that place large orders, particularly those in growth markets which are less dependent on macroeconomic conditions.

Design wins with new and existing customers. We believe our solutions significantly improve the performance and potentially lower the system cost of our customers’ designs, particularly if we are part of the early design phase. Accordingly, we work closely with our customers and targeted prospects to understand their product roadmaps and strategies. We consider design wins to be critical to our future success. We define a design win as the successful completion of the evaluation stage, where a customer has tested our product, verified that our product meets its requirements and qualified our NVM device for their products. The number of our design wins has grown from 417 in 2017 to 570 in 2018. We had 459 additional design wins in 2019. The revenue that we generate, if any, from each design win can vary significantly. Our long-term sales expectations are based on forecasts from customers, internal estimates of customer demand factoring in expected time to market for end customer products incorporating our solutions and associated revenue potential and internal estimates of overall demand based on historical trends. We had 159 new design wins during the first three months of 2020.

Pricing, product cost and gross margins of our products. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including the timing of changes in pricing, shipment volumes, new product introductions, changes in product mixes, changes in our purchase price of fabricated wafers and assembly and test service costs, the cost of raw materials for our embedded systems products, manufacturing yields and inventory write downs, if any. In general, newly introduced products and products with higher performance and more features tend to be priced higher than older, more mature products. Average selling prices in the semiconductor industry typically decline as products mature. Consistent with this historical trend, we expect that the average selling prices of our products will decline as they mature. In the normal course of business, we will seek to offset the effect of declining average selling prices on existing products by reducing manufacturing costs and introducing new and higher value-added products. More recently, certain of our suppliers have increased costs although such increase did not have a material impact on our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020. If we are unable to maintain overall average selling prices or offset any declines in average selling prices with realized savings on product costs, our gross margin will decline.

Investment in growth. We have invested, and intend to continue to invest, in expanding our operations, increasing our headcount, developing our products and differentiated technologies to support our growth and expanding our infrastructure. We expect our total operating expenses to increase in the foreseeable future to meet our growth objectives. We plan to continue to invest in our sales and support operations throughout the world, with a particular focus in adding additional sales and field applications personnel to further broaden our support and coverage of our existing customer base, in addition to developing new customer relationships and generating design wins. We also intend to continue to invest additional resources in research and development to support the development of our products and differentiated technologies. Any investments we make in our sales and marketing organization or research and development will occur in advance of experiencing any benefits from such investments, and the return on these investments may be lower than we expect. In addition, as we invest in expanding our operations internationally, our business and results will become further subject to the risks and challenges of international operations, including higher operating expenses and the impact of legal and regulatory developments outside the United States.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 we derived approximately 68% of our revenue through the sale of our NVM products to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and original design manufacturers (“ODMs”), primarily through distributors. We generated 55%, and 61% of our revenue from distributors for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. We derived approximately 32% and 39% of our revenue from the operations of S3 Semiconductors and Echelon for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. We sell the majority of our

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NVM products to distributors and generally recognize revenue when we ship the product directly to the distributors since title and risk of loss transfers at that time.

Because our distributors market and sell their products worldwide, our revenue by geographic location is not necessarily indicative of where our end customers’ product sales and design win activity occur, but rather of where their manufacturing operations occur.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Cost of revenue primarily consists of costs paid to our third-party manufacturers for wafer fabrication, assembly and testing of our NVM products, raw material purchases for embedded products, and write-downs of NVM and embedded inventory for excess and obsolete inventories. To a lesser extent, cost of revenue also includes depreciation of test equipment and expenses relating to manufacturing support activities, including personnel-related costs for both NVM and embedded products, logistics and quality assurance and shipping.  Cost of revenue for ASIC and IP products is driven primarily by personnel-related costs including outside consultants along with facilities costs.

Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including the timing of changes in pricing, shipment volumes, new product introductions, changes in product mix, changes in our purchase price of fabricated wafers and assembly and test service costs, manufacturing yields and inventory write downs, if any. We expect our gross margin to fluctuate over time depending on the factors described above.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, selling, general and administrative expense, amortization of intangible assets, acquisition related expenses and impairment and other charges. Personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, are the most significant component of each of our operating expense categories. In addition, in the near term we expect to hire additional personnel, primarily in our selling and marketing functions, and increase research and development expenditures. Accordingly, we expect our operating expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we invest in these initiatives.

Research and Development. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for the design and development of our products and technologies. Additional research and development expenses include product prototype costs, amortization of mask costs and other materials costs, external test and characterization expenses, depreciation, amortization of design tool software licenses, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and allocated overhead expenses. We also incur costs related to outsourced research and development activities and joint venture activities. We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to improve our product features and increase our portfolio of solutions.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for our sales, business development, marketing, and applications engineering activities, third-party sales representative commissions, promotional and other marketing expenses, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and travel expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, consulting expenses and professional fees. Professional fees principally consist of legal, audit, tax and accounting services. We expect sales, general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we hire additional personnel, increase our marketing activities, and make improvements to our infrastructure and incur additional costs for legal, insurance and accounting expenses associated with our recent acquisitions.

Amortization of intangible assets.  Amortization of intangible assets is the periodic expense related to the use of intangible assets created as a result of the acquisitions with respect to S3 Semiconductors, Echelon and Atmel Corporation.  The periodic expense is based on useful lives determined as part of the initial valuation of the assets acquired.

Acquisition related expenses.  Acquisition related expenses are those costs incurred as a result of the S3 Semiconductors and Echelon acquisitions and the proposed merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc and include banking

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fees, legal, accounting, and tax fees, and certain professional fees including costs related to the valuation of each acquisition.

Impairment and other charges.  Impairment and other charges are costs incurred related to write-downs of certain equipment and assets, terminated projects and excess facilities.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net is comprised of interest income (expense) and other income (expense). Interest expense consists of cash interest on our outstanding debt and the amortization of debt discount. Other expense, net consists of foreign exchange gains and losses and the change in the fair value of the earn-out liability which was part of the S3 Semiconductors share purchase agreement. The earn-out liability is tied to certain financial performance criteria defined in the S3 Semiconductors share purchase agreement. Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions and asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We expect our foreign currency gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Benefit from Income Taxes

Benefit from income taxes consists primarily of U.S. federal and state income taxes in the United States and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We have a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, and tax credits related primarily to research and development. We expect to maintain this full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future.

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands, except percentage data):

Revenue

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,			Change
		2020		2019	$	%
Revenue, net	$	20,021	$	28,113	(8,092)	-29	%

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenue by geography:
United States	15	%	27	%
Europe	17	%	17	%
Asia Pacific	65	%	49	%
Rest of world	2	%	7	%

Revenue decreased by $8.1 million, or 29%, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease was due primarily to decreased unit shipments of NVM products to Tier 1 customers along with a decrease in revenues from the S3 Semiconductors and Echelon businesses of $4.6 million.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

	Three Months Ended
		March 31,					Change
	2020			2019			$		%
Cost of revenue	$	11,384		$	14,893		$	(3,509)	-24	%
Gross profit		8,637			13,220			(4,583)	-35	%
Gross margin		43	%		47	%

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Cost of revenue decreased by $3.5 million, or 24%, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease was due primarily to a decrease in unit shipments of NVM products to Tier 1 customers offset by relatively stable expenses resulting from our S3 Semiconductors and Echelon businesses.

Gross profit decreased by $4.6 million, or 35%, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 due primarily to a decrease in unit shipments of NVM products along with decreased revenues and gross profits from S3 Semiconductors and Echelon.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	7,664	$	7,522	$	142	2	%
Selling, general and administrative		8,823		7,935		888	11
Amortization of intangible assets		1,788		1,788		—	—
Acquisition related expenses		1,901		222		1,679	756
Impairment and other charges		—		1,694		(1,694)	(100)
Total operating expenses	$	20,176	$	19,161	$	1,015	5	%

Research and Development. Research and development expense decreased by $0.1 million, or 2%, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease was due primarily to a reduction in outside services.

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $0.9 million, or 11%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was due primarily to a $0.4 million increase in personnel-related costs, a $0.2 million increase in legal and accounting costs, a $0.2 million increase in facilities costs, and a $0.1 million increase in travel costs.

Amortization of Intangible Assets. There was no change in the amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Acquisition expenses. Acquisition related expenses increased by $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 and were primarily due to increased legal and accounting costs related to the announced acquisition of the Company by Dialog Semiconductor plc.

Impairment and Other Charges. There was no impairment and other charges for the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 we recorded $1.7 million of impairment and other charges for inventory write-downs and additional warranty and other liabilities related to exiting the Echelon lighting business.

Other Income (Expense), Net

	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Interest expense, net	$	(1,515)		(1,370)	$	(145)	(11)	%
Other income (expense), net		1,936		220		1,716	780
Total other income (expense), net	$	421	$	(1,150)	$	1,571	137	%

Interest expense, net increased by approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, as a result of our increased indebtedness related to the issuance of our convertible notes.

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Other income (expense), net increased by approximately $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 due primarily to a change in the fair value of an earn-out liability incurred in connection with the S3 Semiconductors acquisition and certain other credits recognized at S3 Semiconductors.

Benefit from Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Benefit from income taxes	$	(103)	$	(31)	$	72	232	%

Benefit from income taxes increased by $72,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was due primarily to a reduction in tax expense related to our foreign subsidiaries as well as an increase in the benefit related to deferred taxes in the United States.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal source of liquidity as of March 31, 2020 consisted of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $10.5 million. Our outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2020 were $80.5 million. Substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents are held in the United States.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs over the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of our spending to support research and development activities, the timing and cost of establishing additional sales and marketing capabilities, the introduction of new and enhanced products and our costs to implement new manufacturing technologies. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. Any additional debt financing obtained by us in the future could also involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Additionally, if we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Cash flows used in operating activities	$	(11,132)	$	(631)
Cash flows used in investing activities		(1,226)		(604)
Cash flows provided by financing activities		1,703		48

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our primary source of cash from operating activities has been from cash collections from our customers. We expect cash inflows from operating activities to be affected by increases in sales and timing of collections. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities have been for personnel costs, investments in research and development and sales and marketing, and procurement of inventory. Net cash used in operating activities for the periods presented consisted of net losses adjusted for certain noncash items and changes in working capital. Within changes in working capital, changes in accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable generally account for the largest adjustments, as we typically use more cash to fund accounts receivable and build inventory as our business grows. Increases in accounts payable typically

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provides more cash as we do more business with our contract foundries and other third parties, depending on the timing of payments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash used in operating activities was approximately $11.1 million and was due primarily to a net loss of $11.0 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $1.9 million related to stock-based compensation expense, $1.0 million related to depreciation and amortization, $1.8 million related to the amortization of intangible assets, $0.7 million related to amortization of debt discount, offset by the change in fair value of our earn-out liability of $0.9 million, and an increase in our net assets and liabilities of $4.6 million. The increase in net assets and liabilities is due primarily to an decrease in accounts receivable of $2.4, an increase in inventories of $2.2 million, an increase in prepaids and other current and non-current assets of $0.7 million, a decrease in accounts payable, accrued compensation and other accrued expenses of $3.5 million, and a decrease in price adjustments and other non-current liabilities of $0.6 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash used in operating activities was approximately $0.6 million and was due primarily to a net loss of $7.1 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $1.1 million related to stock-based compensation expense, $0.6 million related to depreciation and amortization, $1.8 million related to the amortization of intangible assets, $0.4 million related to amortization of debt discount, offset by the change in fair value of our earn-out liability of $0.3 million, and a decrease in our net assets and liabilities of $2.9 million. The decrease in net assets and liabilities is due primarily to an increase in accounts receivable of $9,000, a decrease in inventories of $2.0 million, a decrease in deferred rent of $0.3 million, an increase in accounts payable, accrued compensation and other accrued expenses of $1.3 million, and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.1 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash used in investing activities was $1.2 million, primarily due to purchases of equipment for our operations and research and development functions along with investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash used in investing activities was $0.6 million, primarily due to purchases of equipment for our operations and research and development functions.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $1.7 million and was due primarily to proceeds of $1.7 million from the exercise of stock options and purchases of stock associated with our employee stock purchase plan net of withholdings related to the net settlement of restricted stock units.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash provided by financing activities was $48,000 and was due primarily to proceeds of $0.5 million from the exercise of stock options and purchases of stock associated with our employee stock purchase plan net of withholdings related to the net settlement of restricted units offset by a $0.4 million paydown of our term loan.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purpose.

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Credit Facility

Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Term Loan.

On May 8, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement with Tennenbaum (“Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provided for a first lien senior secured term loan of $35.0 million (“Term Loan”). The Term Loan bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the Libor Rate plus 8.75% and was payable in consecutive quarterly installments starting December 31, 2018. The Term Loan was scheduled to mature on May 8, 2022. The Credit Agreement provided that any indebtedness we incurred thereunder was collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company and any domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain customary exceptions.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, contained customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum consolidated leverage ratios and minimum liquidity. Upon an occurrence of an event of default, under the Credit Facility we could have been required to pay interest on all outstanding obligations under the agreement at a rate of 2% above the otherwise applicable interest rate, and the lender could have accelerated our obligations under the agreement.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, Tennenbaum received a warrant to purchase 850,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.62 and a term of six years. We paid financing costs of $1.4 million. The financing costs and the value of the warrant, $4.8 million, were recorded as a debt discount and were being amortized over the life of the agreement. Amortization of debt discount was $1.2 million prior to the loan payoff with the remaining $3.6 million of unamortized debt discount being recognized as interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2019. Borrowings of $33.8 million under this term loan were repaid in full on September 23, 2019 along with a contractual prepayment premium of $0.7 million which represented 2% of the outstanding loan balance.

Senior Convertible Notes

On September 23, 2019, we completed offering of $80.5 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes. The Notes were sold pursuant to an indenture, dated September 23, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association. The Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes pay interest at a rate equal to 4.25% per year. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning March 15, 2020. Interest accrues on the Notes from the last date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for or, if no interest has been paid or duly provided for, from September 23, 2019. Unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased, the Notes mature on September 15, 2024. In connection with the pricing of the Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with each of Credit Suisse Capital LLC and Société Générale.

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, we separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amounts of the liability components of the Notes were calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component represents the conversion option and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the respective Notes. This difference represents the debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the respective term of the Notes using the effective interest rate method. The carrying amount of the equity component that represents the conversion option was $22.6 million gross and $21.6 million net of issuance costs. The equity component is recorded in additional paid-in capital and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following is a summary of our contractual obligations and commitments as of March 31, 2020:

			Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		4 - 5 Years		More than 5 Years
	(in thousands)
Operating leases (1)	$	7,945	$	1,512	$	4,258	$	2,175	$	—
Inventory-related commitments (2)		9,088		9,088		—		—		—
Financing arrangements (3)		80,500		—		—		80,500		—
Interest obligation on convertible senior notes		16,137		2,566		10,264		3,307
Total contractual cash obligations	$	113,670	$	13,166	$	14,522	$	85,982	$	—

(1) Operating leases primarily relate to our leases of office space with terms expiring through July 31, 2023.

(2) Represents outstanding purchase orders for wafer commitments that we have placed with our suppliers as of March 31, 2020.

(3) Financing arrangements represent debt maturities under our senior convertible notes.

As of March 31, 2020, we had a liability of $274,000 for uncertain tax positions.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include foreign exchange rate and interest rate sensitivities as follows:

Foreign Currency Risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The majority of our revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies in which our operations are located, which is primarily in the United States and to a lesser extent in Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and APAC. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchanges rates applicable to our business would not have a material impact on our historical consolidated financial statements.

We have not hedged exposures denominated in foreign currencies or used any other derivative financial instruments. Although we transact the substantial majority of our business in U.S. dollars, future fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar may affect the competitiveness of our products and thus may impact our results of operations and cash flows.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

We had cash and cash equivalents of $10.5 million as of March 31, 2020, consisting of bank deposits, money market funds and U.S. government securities. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in interest income have not been significant. We also had total outstanding gross debt of $80.5 million offset by $21.7 million related to the conversion option recorded in equity and $2.3 million of issuance costs as of March 31, 2020. The outstanding debt relates to our 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024. See Note 8, Convertible Notes, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed

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to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. Our exposure to interest rates relates to the change in the amounts of interest we must pay on our variable rate borrowings. A hypothetical 10% increase in our borrowing rates would result in a $0.3 million increase in annual interest expense on our gross principal balance of $80.5 million.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures.

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining our disclosure controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting means a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. We may, from time to time, become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business and as our business grows, we may become a party to an increasing number of legal proceedings.

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ITEM 1A.Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making a decision to invest in our common stock. Our business, operating results, financial condition, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks and uncertainties. If any of these risks actually occurs, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. Our business, operating results, financial performance, or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.

Risks Related to the Merger

The announcement and pendency of our agreement to be acquired by Dialog Semiconductor plc could have an adverse effect on our business.

On February 20, 2020, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Dialog and Merger Sub, pursuant to which Merger Sub will, pursuant to the terms of, and subject to the conditions specified in, the Merger Agreement, merge with and into us, and we will be the surviving corporation in the Merger and become a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Dialog. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, each share of our common stock (subject to certain exceptions) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger will be canceled and automatically converted into the right to receive $12.55 in cash, without interest and subject to any required tax withholding. In connection with the closing of the Merger, we expect our common stock to be delisted from NASDAQ, deregistered under the Exchange Act, and will no longer trade.

Uncertainty about the effect of the proposed Merger on our employees, customers, partners, and suppliers may have an adverse effect on our business and operations that may be material to our company. Our employees may experience uncertainty about their roles following the Merger. There can be no assurance we will be able to attract and retain key talent, including senior leaders, to the same extent that we have previously been able to attract and retain employees. Any loss or distraction of such employees could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations. In addition, we have diverted, and will continue to divert, significant management attention and resources towards the completion of the Merger, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. It is also possible that lawsuits related to the Merger (in addition to those that have already been filed and dismissed) may be filed against us and our Board of Directors, which could result in material and adverse effects on us, our business and the Merger. These or other related lawsuits could require management to devote significant time and resources in defense thereof.

Our customers may experience uncertainty associated with the Merger, including with respect to concerns about possible changes to our products. Similarly, our partners and suppliers may experience uncertainty associated with the Merger, including with respect to current or future business relationships with us. Uncertainty may cause customers to refrain from purchasing our products, and partners and suppliers may seek to change existing business relationships, which could result in an adverse effect on our business, operations, financial condition and prospects in a way that may be material to our company.

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, we are subject to certain restrictions on the conduct of our business, including the ability in certain cases to enter into contracts, incur indebtedness or incur capital expenditures, until the Merger becomes effective or the Merger Agreement is terminated. These restrictions may prevent us from taking actions with respect to our business that we may consider advantageous and may result in our inability to respond effectively to competitive pressures and industry developments, and may otherwise harm our business and operations.

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The failure to complete the merger with Dialog could adversely affect our business.

Completion of the Merger with Dialog is subject to conditions beyond our control that may prevent, delay, or otherwise adversely affect its completion in a material way. Such conditions include clearance from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”). If the Merger is not completed, the share price of our common stock may drop to the extent that the current market price of our common stock reflects an assumption that a transaction will be completed. In addition, the Merger Agreement provides that we will be required to pay Dialog a termination fee of $15.76 million in certain circumstances. Further, a failure to complete the Merger may result in negative publicity and a negative impression of us in the investment community. Any disruption to our business resulting from the announcement or pendency of the Merger or from intensifying competition from our competitors, including any adverse changes in our relationships with our customers, partners, and suppliers, could continue or accelerate in the event of a failure to complete the Merger. There can be no assurance that our business, these relationships, or our financial condition will not be adversely affected, as compared to the condition prior to the announcement of the Merger, if the Merger is not consummated.

The Merger Agreement limits our ability to pursue alternative transactions, which could deter a third-party from proposing an alternative transaction.

The Merger Agreement contains provisions that, subject to the exceptions set forth in the next paragraph, limit our ability to solicit, initiate, knowingly encourage or knowingly facilitate, or engage in any discussions or negotiations regarding, or furnish information in response to inquiries with respect to, an alternative transaction. It is possible that these or other provisions in the Merger Agreement might discourage a potential competing acquirer that might have an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of our outstanding common stock from considering or proposing an acquisition or might result in a potential competing acquirer proposing to pay a lower per share price to acquire our common stock than it might otherwise have proposed to pay.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, however, Adesto has the right to engage in negotiations with, and provide information, to a third party that makes an unsolicited proposal that is received prior to the approval of the Merger by Adesto stockholders, if our board of directors determines in good faith, after consultation with our financial advisor and outside legal counsel, that (a) such proposal constitutes, or could reasonably be expected to result in, a superior offer and (b) failure to take such action could reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its directors’ fiduciary obligations under applicable Delaware law.

We will incur substantial transaction fees and costs in connection with the Merger.

We have and expect to continue to incur significant costs, expenses and fees for professional services and other transaction costs in connection with the Merger. A material portion of these expenses are payable by us whether or not the Merger is completed. Further, while we have assumed that a certain amount of transaction expenses will be incurred, factors beyond our control could affect the total amount or the timing of these expenses. Many of the expenses that will be incurred, by their nature, are difficult to estimate accurately. These expenses may exceed the costs historically borne by us. These costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

The recent coronavirus outbreak could have an adverse effect on our business.

COVID-19 has caused significant volatility in financial markets and has raised the prospect of an extended global recession. Public health problems resulting from COVID-19, and precautionary measures instituted by governments and businesses to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in countries or regions where we, our customers or our suppliers operate or are considering operations, including travel restrictions and quarantines, could contribute to a general slowdown in the global economy, adversely impact the businesses of our customers, third-party foundries, assembly and testing service providers, logistic providers and other business partners, and disrupt our operations. Changes in our operations in response to COVID-19 or employee illnesses resulting from the pandemic may result in inefficiencies or delays, including in product development efforts and additional costs related to business continuity

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initiatives, that cannot be fully mitigated through succession planning, employees working remotely or teleconferencing technologies.

COVID-19 and related governmental reactions may have a material negative impact on our business, liquidity, results of operations, and stock price due to the occurrence of some or all of the following events or circumstances among others:

● We may not be able to manage our business effectively due to key employees becoming ill, working from home inefficiently and being unable to travel to our facilities.

● We and our third-party foundries and assembly and testing service providers and other business partners may be prevented from operating worksites due to employee illness or reluctance to appear at work and "stay-at-home" regulations.

● There may be interruptions in manufacturing.

● Industry trade shows that are important for our business and our customers may be cancelled or have decreased attendance.

● The growth of consumer demand may slow down.

● The operations of our customers or distributors may be disrupted thereby increasing the likelihood that our customers and distributors may attempt to delay or cancel orders, may reduce orders for our products in the future or may cease to operate as going concerns.

● Disruptions of the operations of third party foundries and assembly and testing service providers have occurred and may continue to occur, which could impact our ability to purchase components at efficient prices and in sufficient amounts.

● The market price of our common stock may drop or remain volatile.

● We may incur significant employee health care costs under our insurance programs.

● In addition, a prolonged economic downturn could result in reduced demand for our products and services.

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business and financial results will depend largely on future developments, including the duration of the spread of the outbreak, the impact on capital and financial markets and the related impact on the financial circumstances of our customers, distributors and retailers, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. This situation is changing rapidly, and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently.

We have a history of losses which may continue in the future, and we cannot be certain that we will achieve or sustain profitability.

We have incurred net losses since our inception. We incurred net losses of $26.9 million, $21.4 million, and $5.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively and $11.0 during the first three months of 2020. As of March 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $158.9 million. We expect to incur significant expenses related to the continued development and expansion of our business, including in connection with our efforts to pursue opportunities in emerging IoT markets, develop and improve upon our products and technology, maintain and enhance our research and development and sales and marketing activities and hire additional personnel. Further, revenue may not grow or revenue may decline for a number of possible reasons, many of which are outside our control, including a decline in demand for our products, increased competition, business conditions that adversely affect the semiconductor industry, including reduced demand for products in the end markets that we serve, or our failure to capitalize on growth

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opportunities. If we fail to generate sufficient revenue to support our operations, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

We rely on third parties to manufacture, package, assemble and test the semiconductor components comprising our products, which exposes us to a number of risks, including reduced control over manufacturing and delivery timing and potential exposure to price fluctuations, which could result in a loss of revenue or reduced profitability.

As a fabless semiconductor company, we outsource the manufacturing, packaging, assembly and testing of our semiconductor components to, and rely on a limited number of, third-party foundries and assembly and testing service providers. For example, we use three foundries, United Microelectronics Corporation in Taiwan, and XMC and SMIC in China, for the production of our flash memory products and a single foundry, Altis Semiconductor S.N.C. in France (acquired by X-FAB Silicon Foundries in 2016), for our Mavriq and Moneta products. Our primary assembly and testing contractors are Amkor Technology, Inc. in Taiwan, Korea, the Philippines, and Malaysia and Greatek Electronics in Taiwan. Our wafer probing is performed by King Yuan Electronics Co., Ltd. in Taiwan.

Relying on third-party manufacturing, assembly and testing presents a number of risks, including but not limited to:

●                  capacity and materials shortages during periods of high demand;

●                  reduced control over delivery schedules, inventories and quality;

●                  the unavailability of, or potential delays in obtaining access to, key process technologies;

●                  the inability to achieve required production or test capacity and acceptable yields on a timely basis;

●                  misappropriation of our intellectual property;

●                  the third parties’ ability to perform their obligations due to bankruptcy or other financial constraints;

●                  limited warranties on wafers or products supplied to us;

●                  potential increases in prices; and

●                potential manufacturing disruptions (including natural disasters or pandemics such as COVID-19).

We currently do not have long-term supply contracts with our third-party contract manufacturers for the products we sell to generate the bulk of our revenue, our NVM products, including United Microelectronics Corporation and Amkor Technology, Inc. Therefore, they are not obligated to perform services or supply components to us for any specific period, in any specific quantities, or at any specific price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. During periods of high demand and tight inventories, our third-party foundries and assembly and testing contractors may allocate capacity to the production of other companies’ components while reducing deliveries to us, or significantly raise their prices. In particular, they may allocate capacity to other customers that are larger and better financed than us or that have long-term agreements, decreasing the capacity available to us. Shortages of capacity available to us may be caused by the actions of their other, large customers that may be difficult to predict, such as major product launches. If we need other foundries or assembly and test contractors because of increased demand, or if we are unable to obtain timely and adequate deliveries from our providers, we might not be able to cost-effectively and quickly retain other vendors to satisfy our requirements. Because the lead-time needed to establish a relationship with a new third-party supplier could be several quarters, there is no readily available alternative source of supply for any specific component. In addition, the time and expense to qualify a new foundry could result in additional expense, diversion of resources or lost sales, any of which would negatively impact our financial results.

In the event that we expand production of a component to include a new contract manufacturer, it may take approximately 18 to 24 months to allow a transition from our current foundry or assembly services provider to the new provider. We may experience difficulty migrating production to a new contract manufacturer and, consequently, may experience reduced yields, delays in component deliveries and increased research and development expense. The inability by us or our third-party manufacturers to effectively and efficiently transition our technology to their infrastructure may adversely affect our operating results and our gross margin. There can be no assurance that we will be able to find suitable replacements for our third-party contract manufacturers.

If any of our current or future foundry partners or assembly and test subcontractors significantly increases the costs of wafers or other materials, interrupts or reduces our supply, including for reasons outside of their control, or if any of

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our relationships with our suppliers is terminated, our operating results could be adversely affected. During 2017, one of our foundry partners increased the costs of wafers to us. Although such increase did not have a material impact on our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and is not expected to have a material impact in the near term, there can be no assurances that any additional increases will not have a material adverse impact on our future operating results. Any increases could also damage our customer relationships, result in lost revenue, cause a loss in market share or damage our reputation.

We may be unable to match production with customer demand for a variety of reasons, including our inability to accurately forecast customer demand or the capacity constraints of contract manufacturers, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We make planning and spending decisions, including determining production levels, production schedules, component procurement commitments, personnel needs and other resource requirements, based on our estimates of product demand and customer requirements. Our products are typically purchased pursuant to individual purchase orders. While our customers may provide us with their demand forecasts, they are not contractually committed to buy any quantity of products beyond purchase orders. Furthermore, many of our customers may increase, decrease, cancel or delay purchase orders already in place without significant penalty. The short-term nature of commitments by our customers and the possibility of unexpected changes in demand for their products reduce our ability to accurately estimate future customer requirements. On occasion, customers may require rapid increases in production, which can strain our resources, necessitate more onerous procurement commitments and reduce our gross margin. If we overestimate customer demand, we may purchase products that we may not be able to sell, which could result in decreases in our prices or write-downs of unsold inventory. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand or if sufficient manufacturing capacity was unavailable, we would lose sales opportunities and could lose market share or damage our customer relationships. The rapid pace of innovation in our industry could also render significant portions of our inventory obsolete. Excess or obsolete inventory levels could result in unexpected expenses or write-downs of inventory values that could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our quarterly operating results or other operating metrics may fluctuate significantly, which could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

Our quarterly operating results and other operating metrics have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. We expect that this trend will continue as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including:

●                the impact of our announced Merger with Dialog;

●                  the receipt, reduction, delay or cancellation of orders by large customers , a limited number of which we rely upon for a significant portion of our revenue;

●                  the gain or loss of significant customers and distributors;

●                  the timing and success of our launch of new or enhanced products and those of our competitors;

●                  market acceptance of our products and our customers’ products;

●                  the level of growth or decline in the IoT market;

●                  the timing and extent of research and development and sales and marketing expenditures;

●                  the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure; 

●                  changes in our product mix;

●                  our ability to reduce the manufacturing costs of our products;

●                  competitive pressures resulting in lower than expected average selling prices;

●                  fluctuations in sales by and inventory levels of OEMs and ODMs who incorporate our products in their products;

●                  cyclical and seasonal fluctuations in our markets;

●                  fluctuations in the manufacturing yields of our third-party contract manufacturers;

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●                  events that impact the availability of production capacity at our third-party subcontractors and other interruptions in the supply chain including due to geopolitical events, natural disasters, pandemics such as COVID-19, materials shortages, bankruptcy or other causes;

●                  supply constraints for and changes in the cost of the other components incorporated into our customers’ products;

●                  the timing of expenses related to the acquisition and integration of technologies or businesses;

●                  product rates of return or price concessions in excess of those expected or forecasted;

●                  costs associated with the repair and replacement of defective products;

●                  unexpected inventory write-downs or write-offs;

●                  costs associated with litigation over intellectual property rights and other litigation;

●                  the length and unpredictability of the purchasing and budgeting cycles of our customers;

●                  loss of key personnel or the inability to attract qualified engineers; and

●                  geopolitical events, such as war, threat of war or terrorist actions, the occurrence of natural disasters, or pandemics such as COVID-19.

Any one of the factors above or other factors not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial or the cumulative effect of some of such factors may result in significant fluctuations in our operating results.

The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and our markets may experience significant cyclical fluctuations in demand as a result of changing economic conditions, budgeting and buying patterns of customers and other factors. As a result of these and other factors affecting demand for our products and our results of operations in any given period, the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods should not be relied upon as indicative of our future revenue or operating performance. Fluctuations in our revenue and operating results could also cause our stock price to decline. In connection with the closing of the Merger, we expect our common stock to be delisted from NASDAQ, deregistered under the Exchange Act, and will no longer trade.

We may experience difficulties in realizing the expected benefits of the acquisitions of S3 Semiconductors and Echelon and may continue to incur significant acquisition-related costs and transition costs in connection with these completed acquisitions.

We completed the acquisition of S3 Semiconductors on May 9, 2018, and the acquisition of Echelon on September 14, 2018. The integration of these businesses with ours has resulted in and continues to result in substantial financial costs and the investment of personnel time and attention and other resources. The success of each acquisition depends in part on our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities, including certain cost savings and operational efficiencies or synergies, and growth prospects from combining the respective companies with Adesto in an efficient and effective manner. We may never realize these business opportunities and growth prospects and, we may incur additional costs to maintain employee morale and to retain key employees. Our management cannot ensure that the elimination of duplicative costs or the realization of other efficiencies will offset the transaction and integration costs in the near term or at all.

Moreover, risks specific to the acquired businesses and the sectors of the semiconductor market in which they compete could also delay or prevent our achievement of the expected benefits from the respective acquisition.

The market for semiconductor products is characterized by declines in average selling prices, which we expect to continue, and which could negatively affect our revenue and margins.

Our customers expect the average selling price of our products to decrease year-over-year and we expect this trend to continue. When such pricing declines occur, we may not be able to mitigate the effects by selling more or higher margin units, or by reducing our manufacturing costs. In such circumstances, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. Our flash memory products have experienced declining average selling prices over their life cycle. The rate of decline may be affected by a number of factors, including relative supply and demand, the level of competition, production costs and technological changes. As a result of the decreasing average selling prices of our products following their launch, our ability to increase or maintain our margins depends on our ability to introduce new

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or enhanced products with higher average selling prices and to reduce our per-unit cost of sales and our operating costs. We may not be able to reduce our costs as rapidly as companies that operate their own manufacturing, assembly and testing facilities, and our costs may even increase because we do not operate our own manufacturing, assembly or testing facilities, which could also reduce our gross margins. In addition, our new or enhanced products may not be as successful or enjoy as high margins as we expect. If we are unable to offset any reductions in average selling prices by introducing new products with higher average selling prices or reducing our costs, our revenue and margins will be negatively affected and may decrease.

The semiconductor market is highly cyclical and has experienced severe downturns in the past, generally as a result of wide fluctuations in supply and demand, constant and rapid technological change, continuous new product introductions and price erosion. During downturns, periods of intense competition, or the presence of oversupply in the industry, the selling prices for our products may decline at a high rate over relatively short time periods as compared to historical rates of decline. We are unable to predict selling prices for any future periods and may experience unanticipated, sharp declines in selling prices for our products.

Our prospects for growth depend on the growth and development of the emerging IoT industry, and if the market does not develop as we expect, our business prospects may be harmed.

Our products are increasingly being utilized in IoT edge devices. The IoT industry is nascent and is characterized by rapidly changing technologies, devices and connectivity requirements, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. The continued development of IoT depends in part on significant growth in the number of connected devices. Such growth is affected by various factors, including the continued growth in the use of mobile operator networks and the Internet to connect an increasing number and variety of devices, price reductions for key hardware and software components, innovation of other components of the IoT nodes toward low-power formats, and the continued development of IoT standards and protocols. Without these continued developments, IoT might not gain widespread market acceptance and our business could suffer. Security and privacy concerns, evolving business practices and consumer preferences may also slow the growth and development of IoT. Because our revenue growth ultimately depends upon the success of IoT, our business may suffer as a result of slowing or declining growth in IoT adoption. Even if the IoT industry does develop, we may not be well positioned or able to penetrate and capitalize on this new market. As a result of these factors, the future revenue and income potential of our business is uncertain.

The markets for our products are evolving, and changing market conditions, such as the introduction of new technologies or changes in customer preferences, may negatively affect demand for our products. If we fail to properly anticipate or respond to changing market conditions, our business prospects and results of operations will suffer.

The semiconductor industry is subject to constant and rapid changes in technology, frequent new product introductions, short product life cycles, rapid product obsolescence and evolving technical standards. New technologies may be introduced that make the current technologies on which our products are based less competitive or obsolete or require us to make changes to our technology that could be expensive and time consuming to implement. Due to the evolving nature of our markets, our future success depends on our ability to accurately anticipate and respond to changes in industry standards, technological requirements, customer and consumer preferences and other market conditions. Our technologies could become obsolete sooner than we expect because of faster than anticipated, or unanticipated, changes in one or more of the industry standards and technological requirements. We may be unable to develop and introduce new or enhanced technologies that satisfy customer requirements and achieve market acceptance in a timely manner or at all, succeed in commercializing the technologies on which we have focused our research and development expenditures to develop or otherwise made significant investments to acquire, and anticipate new industry standards and technological changes. If we fail to adapt successfully to technological changes or fail to obtain access to important new technologies, we may be unable to retain customers or attract new customers. Any decrease in demand for our products, or the need for low-power products in general, due to the emergence of competing technologies, changes in customer preferences and requirements or other factors, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

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We must continuously develop new and enhanced products, and if we are unable to successfully market our new and enhanced products for which we incur significant expenses to develop, our results of operations and financial condition will be materially adversely affected.

In order to compete effectively in our markets, we must continually design, develop and introduce new and improved products with improved features in a cost-effective manner in response to changing technologies and market demand. This requires us to devote substantial financial and other resources to research and development. We have developed and are continuing to develop next-generation products, such as our Moneta and EcoXiP products, which we expect to be one of the drivers of our future revenue growth. However, we may not succeed in developing and marketing these new and enhanced products. We also face the risk that customers may not value or be willing to bear the cost of incorporating our new and enhanced products into their products, particularly if they believe their customers are satisfied with current solutions. Regardless of the improved features or superior performance of our new and enhanced products, customers may be unwilling to adopt our solutions due to design or pricing constraints, or because they do not want to rely on a single or limited supply source. Because of the extensive time and resources that we invest in developing new and enhanced products, if we are unable to sell customers new generations of our products, our revenue could decline and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would be negatively affected. For example, we have generated limited revenue from sales of our Mavriq products to date. While we expect revenue from our Mavriq products to grow, we may not be able to materially increase our revenue from this product family. Similarly, any of our more recently-introduced products or product families, such as Moneta and EcoXiP, may not achieve market acceptance and contribute significantly to our revenue. If we are unable to successfully develop and market our new and enhanced products that we have incurred significant expenses developing, our results of operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

Our success and future revenue depend on our ability to secure design wins and on our customers’ ability to successfully sell the products that incorporate our solutions. Securing design wins is a lengthy, expensive and competitive process, and may not result in actual orders and sales, which could cause our revenue to decline.

We sell to customers that incorporate our products into their products. A design win occurs after a customer has tested our product, verified that it meets the customer’s requirements, qualified our solutions for their products and placed an order for the purchase of our products. Our customers may need several months to years to test, evaluate and adopt our product and additional time to begin volume production of the product that incorporates our solution. Due to this generally lengthy design cycle, we may experience significant delays from the time we increase our operating expenses and make investments in our products to the time that we generate revenue from sales of these products. Moreover, even if a customer selects our solution, we cannot guarantee that this will result in any sales of our products, as the customer may ultimately change or cancel its product plans, or efforts by our customer to market and sell its product may not be successful. We may not generate any revenue from design wins after incurring the associated costs, which would cause our business and operating results to suffer.

If a current or prospective customer designs a competitor’s solution into its product, it becomes significantly more difficult for us to sell our solutions to that customer because changing suppliers involves significant time, cost, effort and risk for the customer even if our solutions remain compatible with their product design. If current or prospective customers do not include our solutions in their products and we fail to achieve a sufficient number of design wins, our results of operations and business may be harmed.

We rely on our relationships with a limited number of OEMs and ODMs to enhance our solutions and market position, and our failure to continue to develop or maintain such relationships in the future would harm our ability to remain competitive.

We develop our products for a limited number of leading OEMs and ODMs that serve a variety of end markets and are developing devices for wearables, sensors, Bluetooth 4.0 and other IoT applications. For each application, manufacturers create products that incorporate specialized semiconductor technology, which makers of semiconductor products use as the basis for their products. These manufacturers set the specifications for many of the key components to be used on each generation of their products and, in the case of memory components, generally qualify only a few vendors to provide memory components for their products. As each new generation of their products is released, vendors

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are validated in a similar fashion. We must work closely with semiconductor manufacturers to ensure our products become qualified for use in their products. As a result, maintaining close relationships with leading product manufacturers that are developing devices for wearables, Bluetooth 4.0 and other IoT applications is crucial to the long-term success of our business. We could lose these relationships for a variety of reasons, including our failure to qualify as a vendor, our failure to demonstrate the value of our new solutions, declines in product quality, or if OEMs or ODMs seek to work with vendors with broader product suites, greater production capacity or greater financial resources. If our relationships with key industry participants were to deteriorate or if our solutions were not qualified by our customers, our market position and revenue could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business is dependent on selling through distributors.

Sales through distributors accounted for approximately 55% and 61% of our revenues during the first three months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. We do not have long-term agreements with our distributors, and we and our distributors may each terminate our relationship with little or no advance notice.

Any future adverse conditions in the U.S. or global economies or in the U.S. or global credit markets could materially impact the operations of our distributors. Any deterioration in the financial condition of our distributors or any disruption in the operations of our distributors could adversely impact the flow of our products to our end customers and adversely impact our results of operation. In addition, during an industry or economic downturn, it is possible there will be an oversupply of products and a decrease in demand for our products from our distributors, which could reduce our revenues in a given period. Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar regulations, or similar laws, by our distributors could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Changes to industry standards and technical requirements relevant to our products and markets could adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

Our products are only a part of larger electronic systems. All products incorporated into these systems must comply with various industry standards and technical requirements created by regulatory bodies or industry participants in order to operate efficiently together. Industry standards and technical requirements in our markets are evolving and may change significantly over time. For our products, the industry standards are developed by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council, an industry trade organization. In addition, large industry-leading semiconductor and electronics companies play a significant role in developing standards and technical requirements for the product ecosystems within which our products can be used. Our customers also may design certain specifications and other technical requirements specific to their products and solutions. These technical requirements may change as the customer introduces new or enhanced products and solutions.

Our ability to compete in the future will depend on our ability to identify and comply with evolving industry standards and technical requirements. The emergence of new industry standards and technical requirements could render our products incompatible with products developed by other suppliers or make it difficult for our products to meet the requirements of certain of our customers in consumer, industrial, IoT and other markets. As a result, we could be required to invest significant time and effort and to incur significant expense to redesign our products to ensure compliance with relevant standards and requirements. If our products are not in compliance with prevailing industry standards and technical requirements for a significant period of time, we could miss opportunities to achieve crucial design wins, our revenue may decline and we may incur significant expenses to redesign our products to meet the relevant standards, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

If sales of our customers’ products decline or if their products do not achieve market acceptance, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our revenue depends on our customers’ ability to commercialize their products successfully. The markets for our customers’ products are extremely competitive and are characterized by rapid technological change. Competition in our customers’ markets is based on a variety of factors including price, performance, product quality, marketing and distribution capability, customer support, name recognition and financial strength. As a result of rapid technological change, the markets for our customers’ products are characterized by frequent product introductions, short product life

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cycles, fluctuating demand and increasing product capabilities. As a result, our customers’ products may not achieve market success or may become obsolete. We cannot assure you that our customers will dedicate the resources necessary to promote and commercialize their products, successfully execute their business strategies for such products, or be able to manufacture such products in quantities sufficient to meet demand or cost-effectively manufacture products at a high volume. Our customers do not have contracts with us that require them to manufacture, distribute or sell any products. Moreover, our customers may develop internally, or in collaboration with our competitors, technology that they may utilize instead of the technology available to them through us. Our customers’ failure to achieve market success for their products, including as a result of general declines in our customers’ markets or industries, could negatively affect their willingness to utilize our products, which may result in a decrease in our revenue and negatively affect our business and operating results.

Our revenue also depends on the timely introduction, quality and market acceptance of our customers’ products that incorporate our solutions. Our customers’ products are often very complex and subject to design complexities that may result in design flaws, as well as potential defects, errors and bugs. We have in the past been subject to delays and project cancellations as a result of design flaws in the products developed by our customers. For example, in 2014, flaws in one of our customer’s products that were unrelated to our solutions generated negative publicity for our customer and delayed the product’s release until it could be redesigned. In the past, we have also been subject to delays and project cancellations as a result of changing market requirements, such as the customer adding a new feature, or because a customer’s product fails their end customer’s evaluation or field trial. Customer products may also be delayed due to issues with other vendors of theirs. We incur significant design and development costs in connection with designing our solutions for customers’ products. If our customers discover design flaws, defects, errors or bugs in their products, or if they experience changing market requirements, failed evaluations or field trials, or issues with other vendors, they may delay, change or cancel a project. If we have already incurred significant development costs, we may not be able to recoup those costs, which in turn would adversely affect our business and financial results.

We face competition and expect competition to increase in the future. If we fail to compete effectively, our revenue growth and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

The global semiconductor market in general, and the IoT semiconductor market in particular, are highly competitive. We expect competition to increase and intensify as other semiconductor companies enter our markets, many of which have greater financial and other resources with which to pursue technology development, product design, manufacturing, marketing and sales and distribution of their products. Increased competition could result in price pressure, reduced profitability and loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, revenue and operating results. Currently, our competitors range from large, international companies offering a wide range of semiconductor products or systems to companies specializing in other alternative, specialized emerging memory technologies. Our primary competitors include GigaDevice Semiconductor, Macronix International Co. Ltd., Microchip Technology Inc., Micron Technology, Inc., Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Winbond Electronics Corp., Cree Inc., Digi International, General Electric, Maxim Integrated Products, Philips, Siemens, Silver Spring Networks, STMicroelectronics, Telensa, Texas Instruments, Tridium, On Semiconductor, Socionext, Ansem, IC Sense and Verisilicon. Key industry standard and trade group competitors include BACnet, DALI, DeviceNet, HART, Konnex, Profibus, ZigBee, and the ZWave Alliance in the IoT market. Each of these standards and/or alliances is backed by one or more competitors. In addition, as the IoT market opportunity grows, we expect new entrants will enter these markets and existing competitors, including leading semiconductor companies, may make significant investments to compete more effectively against our products. These competitors could develop technologies or architectures that make our products or technologies obsolete.

Our ability to compete successfully depends on factors both within and outside of our control, including:

●                  the functionality and performance of our products and those of our competitors;

●                  our relationships with our customers and other industry participants;

●                  prices of our products and prices of our competitors’ products;

●                  our ability to develop innovative products;

●                  our ability to retain high-level talent, including our management team and engineers; and

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●                  the actions of our competitors, including merger and acquisition activity, launches of new products and other actions that could change the competitive landscape.

Competition could result in pricing pressure, reduced revenue and profitability and loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects. In the event of a market downturn, competition in the markets in which we operate may intensify as our customers reduce their purchase orders. Our competitors that are significantly larger and have greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, customer support and other resources or more established market recognition than us may be better positioned to accept lower prices and withstand adverse economic or market conditions.

Our customers require our products and our third-party contractors to undergo a lengthy and expensive qualification process. If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying any of our products with a customer, our business and operating results would suffer.

Prior to selecting and purchasing our products, our customers typically require that our products undergo extensive qualification processes, which involve testing of our products in the customers’ systems, as well as testing for reliability. This qualification process may continue for several months or years. However, obtaining the requisite qualifications for a product does not assure any sales of the product. Even after successful qualification and sales of a product to a customer, a subsequent revision in our third-party contractors’ manufacturing process or our selection of a new contract manufacturer may require a new qualification process, which may result in delays and excess or obsolete inventory. After our products are qualified and selected, it can and often does take several months or more before the customer commences volume production of systems that incorporate our products. Despite these uncertainties, we devote substantial resources, including design, engineering, sales, marketing and management efforts, to qualify our products with customers in anticipation of sales. If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying any of our products with a customer, sales of those products may be precluded or delayed, which may impede our growth and harm our business.

Our costs may increase substantially if our third-party manufacturing contractors do not achieve satisfactory product yields or quality.

The fabrication process is extremely complicated and small changes in design, specifications or materials can result in material decreases in product yields or even the suspension of production. From time to time, the third-party foundries that we contract to manufacture our products may experience manufacturing defects and reduced manufacturing yields related to errors or problems in their manufacturing processes or the interrelationship of their processes with our designs. In some cases, our third-party foundries may not be able to detect these defects early in the fabrication process or determine the cause of such defects in a timely manner.

Generally, in pricing our products, we assume that manufacturing yields will continue to improve, even as the complexity of our products increases. Once our products are initially qualified with our third-party foundries, minimum acceptable yields are established. We are responsible for the costs of the units if the actual yield is above the minimum. If actual yields are below the minimum we are not required to purchase the units. Typically, minimum acceptable yields for our new products are generally lower at first and gradually improve as we achieve full production. Unacceptably low product yields or other product manufacturing problems could substantially increase overall production time and costs and adversely impact our operating results. Product yield losses will increase our costs and reduce our gross margin. In addition to significantly harming our results of operations and cash flow, poor yields may delay shipment of our products and harm our relationships with existing and potential customers.

The complexity of our products may lead to errors, defects and bugs, which could negatively impact our reputation with customers and result in liability.

Products as complex as ours may contain errors, defects and bugs when first introduced to customers or as new versions are released. Our products have in the past experienced such errors, defects and bugs. Delivery of products with production defects or reliability, quality or compatibility problems could significantly delay or hinder market acceptance of the products or result in a costly recall and could damage our reputation and adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers. Errors, defects or bugs could cause problems with the functionality of our

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products, resulting in interruptions, delays or cessation of sales of these products to our customers. We may also be required to make significant expenditures of capital and resources to resolve such problems. We cannot assure you that problems will not be found in new products, both before and after commencement of commercial production, despite testing by us, our suppliers or our customers. Any such problems could result in:

●                  delays in development, manufacture and roll-out of new products;

●                  additional development costs;

●                  loss of, or delays in, market acceptance;

●                  diversion of technical and other resources from our other development efforts;

●                  claims for damages by our customers or others against us; and

●                  loss of credibility with our current and prospective customers.

Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our IoT solutions become subject to cyber-attacks, or if public perception is that they are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, our reputation and business would suffer.

We have designed our IoT products, including our outdoor lighting solutions products acquired from Echelon, to interoperate with other third-party products and systems.  Although we attempt to safeguard our products and solutions from cybersecurity threats, the potential for cyber security attacks and other incidents continues to evolve in scope and frequency.

Advances in and expanding availability of technical tools to enable cybersecurity attacks, and increasing sophistication of the threats, deepen the risk of potential security incidents.  This risk expands as new protocols and devices are implemented into our products and systems, and as customer requirements evolve.  Should our products, or the combination of our products into third party systems, fail to prevent or be unable to withstand any such threats or cyber-attacks, or if our partners or customers fail to safeguard applicable technologies, products or the systems with adequate security policies and measures or otherwise, our business and reputation may be harmed.

We have attempted to design certain of our products to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification or other activities related to those products and the systems into which the products are intended to be placed. Despite our security measures, our products or systems may be subject to unauthorized break ins, viruses, disruptions, high-jacking, cyber terrorism, misuse, tampering, other unauthorized access or modification, or unauthorized access to, or acquisition, loss, or alteration of, data. Should our products fail to perform, be unable to withstand a cyber-attack, or otherwise suffer a security incident, or be perceived to have suffered any kind of security vulnerability or cyber incidents, we could face legal liability, and encounter material adverse financial and reputational harm.

In addition, we believe that there could be incidents of security breaches in the future which could receive significant publicity and visibility. Any such publicity or visibility, regardless of whether the problem is due or related to the performance or security measures of our products or systems, could have a negative effect on public confidence, or cause a perception that our solutions are or could be subject to similar attacks or breaches, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. Such an event could also result in a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock, independent of the direct effects on our business.

Furthermore, because some of the information collected by some of our solutions is or may be considered personal data or otherwise may be alleged to be confidential or proprietary to our customers or third parties, a cyber-attack or other data security incident, including any unauthorized access to, loss of, or acquisition of data collected or maintained by our solutions, could violate, or be alleged to violate, applicable privacy, consumer or information security laws, regulations or other obligations. Any of the foregoing could cause us to face regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, private litigation, and other financial or legal liability, as well as harm to our reputation and business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance.

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We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Personal privacy, data protection and information security are significant issues in the United States and the other jurisdictions where we offer our products and services. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies and various state, local and foreign bodies and agencies.

The United States federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals, including end-customers and employees. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws to the online collection, use and dissemination of data. Additionally, many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including in Australia, the European Union (“EU”), India, Japan and numerous other jurisdictions in which we operate or conduct our business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of personal information obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations often are more restrictive than those in the United States. Such laws and regulations may require companies to implement new privacy and security policies, permit individuals to access, correct and delete personal information stored or maintained by such companies, inform individuals of security breaches that affect their personal information, and, in some cases, obtain individuals’ consent to use personal information for certain purposes.

We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States, the EU and other jurisdictions, and we cannot yet determine the impact of such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. For example, in June 2018, California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act which provides new data privacy rights for consumers and new operational requirements for companies effective in 2020. Additionally, we expect that existing laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted differently in the future. There remains significant uncertainty surrounding the regulatory framework for the future of personal data transfers from the EU to the United States with regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) which imposes more stringent EU data protection requirements, provides an enforcement authority, and imposes large penalties for noncompliance. Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, as well as changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could impair our ability to collect, use or disclose information relating to individuals, which could decrease demand for our products, require us to restrict our business operations, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.

Although we are working to comply with those federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations that apply to us, those laws, regulations, standards and obligations are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another, other requirements or legal obligations, our practices or the features of our products. As such, we cannot assure ongoing compliance with all such laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with federal, state or foreign laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected security incident, whether or not resulting in unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of personal information or other data, may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. Any inability to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales, and adversely affect our business and operating results.

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We may experience difficulties in transitioning to new wafer fabrication process technologies or in achieving higher levels of design integration, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

We aim to use the most advanced manufacturing process technology appropriate for our solutions that is available from our third-party foundries. As a result, we periodically evaluate the benefits of migrating our solutions to other technologies in order to improve performance and reduce costs. These ongoing efforts require us from time to time to modify the manufacturing processes for our products and to redesign some products, which in turn may result in delays in product deliveries. We may face difficulties, delays and increased expense as we transition our products to new processes, and potentially to new foundries. We will depend on our third-party foundries as we transition to newprocesses. We cannot assure you that our third-party foundries will be able to effectively manage such transitions or that we will be able to maintain our relationship with our third-party foundries or develop relationships with new third-party foundries. If we or any of our third-party foundries experience significant delays in transitioning to new processes or fail to efficiently implement transitions, we could experience reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses, any of which could harm our relationships with our customers and our operating results.

As smaller line width geometry manufacturing processes become more prevalent, we intend to move our future products to increasingly smaller geometries in order to reduce costs while integrating greater levels of functionality into our products. This transition will require us and our third-party foundries to migrate to new designs and manufacturing processes for smaller geometry products. We may not be able to achieve smaller geometries with higher levels of design integration or to deliver new integrated products on a timely basis. We periodically evaluate the benefits, on a product-by-product basis, of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies to reduce our costs and increase performance. We are dependent on our relationships with our third-party foundries to transition to smaller geometry processes successfully. We cannot assure you that our third-party foundries will be able to effectively manage any such transition. If we or our third-party foundries experience significant delays in any such transition or fail to implement a transition, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed.

If we fail to retain qualified finance personnel and strengthen our financial reporting systems and infrastructure, we may not be able to timely and accurately report our financial results or comply with the requirements of being a public company, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and SEC reporting requirements.

If we remain an independent public company, our ability to timely and accurately report our financial results and comply with the requirements of being a public company depends on our maintaining adequate numbers of accounting and finance staff with technical accounting, Securities and Exchange Commission reporting and Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance expertise. Any inability to recruit or retain qualified accounting and finance staff would have an adverse impact on our ability to accurately and timely prepare our financial statements. We may be unable to hire qualified professionals with requisite technical and public company experience when and as needed, including following any significant acquisitions such as our acquisitions of S3 Semiconductors and Echelon in 2018, which increased the size of our operations and the requirements on our finance and accounting organization. In addition, new employees will require time and training to learn our business and operating processes and procedures. If our finance and accounting organization is unable for any reason to meet the demands of being a public company or increased requirements following any significant acquisitions, the quality and timeliness of our financial reporting may suffer, which could result in the identification of material weaknesses in our internal controls. Any consequences resulting from inaccuracies or delays in our reported financial statements could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline and could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we fail to strengthen our financial reporting systems, infrastructure and internal control over financial reporting to meet the demands placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may be unable to report our financial results timely and accurately and prevent fraud. We expect to incur significant expense and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the internal control over financial reporting requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, particularly with respect to the requirement for an attestation report by our independent registered public accounting firm, which we expect to be required to comply with beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020, if we remain an independent public company.

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A breach of our security systems may damage our reputation and adversely affect our business.

Our security systems are designed to protect our customers’, suppliers’ and employees’ confidential information, as well as maintain the physical security of our facilities. We also rely on a number of third-party “cloud-based” service providers of corporate infrastructure services relating to, among other things, human resources, electronic communication services and some finance functions, and we are, of necessity, dependent on the security systems of these third-party providers. Any security breaches or other unauthorized access by third parties to the systems of our cloud-based service providers or the existence of computer viruses in their data or software could expose us to a risk of information loss and misappropriation of confidential information. Accidental or willful security breaches or other unauthorized access by third parties to our information systems or facilities, or the existence of computer viruses in our data or software, could expose us to a risk of information loss and misappropriation of proprietary and confidential information belonging to us, our customers or our suppliers. Any theft or misuse of this information could result in, among other things, unfavorable publicity, damage to our reputation, difficulty in marketing our products, allegations by our customers that we have not performed our contractual obligations, litigation by affected parties and possible financial obligations for liabilities and damages related to the theft or misuse of this information, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, our reputation, and our relationships with our customers and partners. Since the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and are often not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.

Failure to protect our intellectual property could substantially harm our business.

Our success and ability to compete depend in part upon our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, including patents, mask work protection, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and know-how, in the United States and other jurisdictions. The steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate, particularly in foreign jurisdictions such as China. Any patents we hold may not adequately protect our intellectual property rights or our products against competitors and third parties may challenge the scope, validity or enforceability of our issued patents. In addition, other parties may independently develop similar or competing technologies designed around any patents or patent applications that we hold. Some of our products and technologies are not covered by any patent or patent application, as we do not believe patent protection of these products and technologies is critical to our business strategy at this time. A failure to timely seek patent protection on products or technologies generally precludes us from seeking future patent protection on these products or technologies.

In addition to patents, we also rely on contractual protections with our customers, suppliers, distributors, employees and consultants, and we implement security measures designed to protect our trade secrets and know-how. However, we cannot assure you that these contractual protections and security measures will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any such breach or that our customers, suppliers, distributors, employees or consultants will not assert rights to intellectual property or damages arising out of such contracts.

We may initiate claims against third parties to protect our intellectual property rights if we are unable to resolve matters satisfactorily through negotiation. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management. It could also result in the restructuring or loss of portions of our intellectual property, as an adverse decision could limit our ability to assert our intellectual property rights, limit the value of our technology or otherwise negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, any enforcement of our patents or other intellectual property may provoke third parties to assert counterclaims against us. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could materially harm our business.

We may face claims of intellectual property infringement, which could be time-consuming, costly to defend or settle, result in the loss of significant rights, harm our relationships with our customers and distributors, or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The semiconductor industry is characterized by companies that hold patents and other intellectual property rights and that vigorously pursue, protect and enforce intellectual property rights. These companies include patent holding

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companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenue and against whom our own patents may provide little or no deterrence. From time to time, third parties may assert against us and our customers’ patent and other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business.

Claims that our products, processes or technology infringe third-party intellectual property rights, regardless of their merit or resolution, could be costly to defend or settle and could divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners in connection with any such litigation, which could result in increased costs. Infringement claims also could harm our relationships with our customers or distributors and might deter future customers from doing business with us. If any such proceedings result in an adverse outcome, we could be required to:

● cease the manufacture, use or sale of the infringing products, processes or technology;

● pay substantial damages for infringement;

● expend significant resources to develop non-infringing products, processes or technology, which may not be successful;

● license technology from the third-party claiming infringement, which license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all;

● cross-license our technology to a competitor to resolve an infringement claim, which could weaken our ability to compete with that competitor; or

● pay substantial damages to our customers to discontinue their use of or to replace infringing technology sold to them with non-infringing technology, if available.

Any of the foregoing results could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, our exposure to the foregoing risks may also be increased as a result of acquisitions of other companies or technologies. For example, we may have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to intellectual property or the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks with respect to the acquired company or technology. In addition, third parties may make infringement and similar or related claims after we have acquired technology that had not been asserted prior to the acquisition.

We rely upon third-party licensed technology to develop our products. If licenses of third-party technology are inadequate, our ability to develop and commercialize our products or product enhancements could be negatively impacted.

Our products incorporate technology licensed from third parties. In connection with our acquisition of certain flash memory assets from Atmel Corporation (“Atmel”) in 2012, we obtained a perpetual license to Atmel’s flash memory technology. In addition, a component of our CBRAM technology is licensed from Axon Technologies Corporation. While we believe these licenses enable us to develop our products and pursue our current product strategies, these licenses may not provide us with the benefits we expect from them. From time to time, we may be required to license additional technology from third parties to develop our products or product enhancements. However, these third-party licenses may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our inability to obtain third-party licenses necessary to develop products and product enhancements could require us to obtain substitute technology at a greater cost or of lower quality or performance standards or delay product development. Any of these results may limit our ability to develop new products, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have expanded in the past and expect to continue to expand in the future through acquisitions of, or investments in, other companies, each of which may divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to stockholders or use resources that are necessary to operate our business.

We have grown our business through acquisitions and, subject to Dialog’s approval in accordance with the Merger Agreement, we may continue to evaluate and enter into discussions regarding potential strategic transactions. We completed the acquisition of S3 Semiconductors in May 2018 and the acquisition of Echelon in September 2018. These transactions are and any new acquisitions or investments could be material to our financial condition and results of

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operations. The process of integrating businesses and technology can create unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures as could the integration of any future acquisitions. Such transactions could create risks for us, including:

●                  difficulties in assimilating acquired personnel, operations and technologies or realizing synergies expected in connection with an acquisition, particularly with acquisitions of companies with large and widespread operations, complex products or that operate in markets in which we historically have had limited experience;

●                  unanticipated costs or liabilities, including possible litigation associated with the acquisition;

●                  failure to realize expected revenue growth and higher than expected operating, transaction and integration costs;

●                  incurrence of acquisition-related costs;

● inability to maintain, develop and deepen relationships with end customers of newly acquired businesses and otherwise expand our sales channels;

●                  diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;

●                  use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and

●                  use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate an acquisition.

Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities and harm our business generally. Future acquisitions could also result in the use of substantial amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses or the write-off of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition. We do not have an extensive history of acquiring other companies and managing integrations, and the risk of failing to achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies of our acquisitions of S3 Semiconductors and Echelon may be increased by the risks inherent to managing concurrent integrations.  Also, the anticipated benefits of any acquisitions may not materialize, may be less beneficial, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. If we do not receive the benefits anticipated from these acquisitions and investments, or if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, our operating results may be adversely affected and our stock price could decline.

In our embedded systems business, we are increasingly dependent on third-party developers.

We are increasingly reliant on various third parties for the development of software used in our embedded systems products. There is a risk that the software provided by these third parties could contain errors or defects that could adversely impact the quality of our products. In addition, these third parties may use open source or other code that contains security flaws, which may cause our products to be more prone to hacking or other security incidents. We may also be negatively impacted by employee turnover or other challenges that these third-party developers face in their own businesses. Third parties may also choose not to develop software for our products if we do not have adequate market share or sufficient perception of future success. The materialization of any of these risks would impact our ability to deliver quality products on a timely basis, which could adversely impact our reputation and brand and harm our business and results of operations.

In addition, many of these third-party developers are located in markets that are subject to political risk, intellectual property misappropriation, corruption, infrastructure problems, natural disasters and pandemics such as COVID-19, in addition to country specific privacy and data security risks, given current legal and regulatory environments. The failure of these third parties to meet their obligations and adequately deploy business continuity plans in the event of a crisis and/or the development of significant disagreements, natural or man-made disasters or other factors that materially disrupt our ongoing relationship with these developers could negatively affect our operations.

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain key employees, and our failure to do so could harm our ability to grow our business and execute our business strategies.

 Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain our key employees, including our management team and experienced engineers. Competition for personnel in the semiconductor technology field is intense, and the availability of suitable and qualified candidates is limited. We compete to attract and retain qualified research and development personnel with other semiconductor companies, universities and research institutions, particularly those in the San Francisco Bay Area where our headquarters is located. The members of our management and key employees are at-will

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employees. In addition, our management and employees, including those recently added from S3 Semiconductors and Echelon, may experience uncertainty about their future roles with us as we integrate the acquired businesses into our existing organizational structure. We must continue to attract and motivate all our employees and keep them focused on our strategies and goals following the acquisitions. If we lose the services of any key senior management member or employee, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new personnel, which could severely impact our business and prospects. The loss of the services of one or more of our key employees, especially our key engineers, or our inability to attract and retain qualified engineers, could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to effectively manage our growth, and we may need to incur significant expenditures to address the additional operational and control requirements of our growth, either of which could harm our business and operating results.

We expect to increase headcount and the overall size of our operations to support our growth. To effectively manage our growth, we must continue to expand our operational, engineering and financial systems, procedures and controls and to improve our accounting and other internal management systems if we remain an independent public company. This may require substantial managerial and financial resources, and our efforts in this regard may not be successful. Our current systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support our future operations. If we fail to adequately manage our growth, or to improve our operational, financial and management information systems, or fail to effectively motivate or manage our new and future employees, the quality of our products and the management of our operations could suffer, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We have operations outside of the United States and intend to expand our international operations, which exposes us to significant risks.

With the acquisitions of S3 Semiconductors and Echelon, we expanded our global footprint beyond the limited operations we once had in Europe and Asia. We intend to further expand our operations in Asia. The success of our business depends, in large part, on our ability to operate successfully from geographically disparate locations and to further expand our international operations and sales. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and subjects us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those we face in the United States. We cannot be sure that further international expansion will be successful. In addition, we face risks in doing business internationally that could expose us to reduced demand for our products, lower prices for our products or other adverse effects on our operating results. Among the risks we believe are most likely to affect us are:

●                  difficulties, inefficiencies and costs associated with staffing and managing foreign operations;

●                  longer and more difficult customer qualification and credit checks;

●                  greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable and longer payment cycles;

●                  the need for various local approvals to operate in some countries;

●                  difficulties in entering some foreign markets without larger-scale local operations;

●                  compliance with local laws and regulations;

●                  unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, including the elimination of tax holidays;

●                  reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

●                  adverse tax consequences as a result of repatriating cash generated from foreign operations to the United States;

●                  adverse tax consequences, including potential additional tax exposure if we are deemed to have established a permanent establishment outside of the United States;

●                  adverse tax consequences, including potential additional tax costs, resulting from the new tax legislation signed into law on December 22, 2017, that imposes a minimum domestic tax on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries;

● the effectiveness of our policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and similar regulations;

● the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers on the importation of our products;

●                  fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could increase the prices of our products to customers outside of the United States, increase the expenses of our international operations by reducing the purchasing power of the

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U.S. dollar and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk if, in the future, we denominate our international sales in currencies other than the U.S. dollar;

●                  new and different sources of competition; and

●                  political and economic instability, and terrorism.

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our operations and reduce our revenue.

Because our business is highly dependent on growth in the electronics manufacturing supply chain in China, any slowdown in this growth could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our business is highly dependent upon the economy and the business environment in China, which has recently been adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, our growth strategy is based upon the assumption that demand in China for devices that use semiconductors will continue to grow. Therefore, any slowdown in the growth of consumer demand in China, including as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise, for products that use semiconductors, such as computers, mobile phones or other consumer electronics, could have a serious adverse effect on our business. In addition, our business plan assumes that an increasing number of non-Chinese integrated device manufacturers, fabless semiconductor companies and systems companies will establish operations in China. That assumption may not prove to be correct as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19, or other reasons. Any decline in the rate of migration to China of semiconductor design companies or companies that require semiconductors as components for their products could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Significant tariffs or other restrictions on Chinese imports, and any related counter-measures taken by China, may materially harm our revenue and results of operations. In March 2018, the United States imposed a 25% tariff on steel imports and a 10% tariff on aluminum imports and announced additional tariffs on goods imported from China specifically, as well as certain other countries. The materials subject to these tariffs to date do not constitute a significant percentage of our raw material costs. However, if retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in response to the tariffs cause the cost of our products to increase, we may be required to raise our prices, which may result in the loss of customers and harm to our operating performance and reputation.

In order to comply with environmental laws and regulations, we may need to modify our activities or incur substantial costs, and if we fail to comply with environmental regulations we could be subject to substantial fines or be required to have our suppliers alter their processes.

 The semiconductor industry is subject to a variety of international, federal, state and local governmental regulations directed at preventing or mitigating environmental harm, as well as to the storage, discharge, handling, generation, disposal and labeling of toxic or other hazardous substances. Failure to comply with environmental regulations could subject us to civil or criminal sanctions and property damage or personal injury claims. Compliance with current or future environmental laws and regulations could restrict our ability to expand our business or require us to modify processes or incur other substantial expenses which could harm our business. In response to environmental concerns, some customers and government agencies impose requirements for the elimination of hazardous substances, such as lead (which is widely used in soldering connections in the process of semiconductor packaging and assembly), from electronic equipment. For example, the EU adopted its Restriction on Hazardous Substance Directive which prohibits, with specified exceptions, the sale in the EU market of new electrical and electronic equipment containing more than agreed levels of lead or other hazardous materials and China has enacted similar regulations. Environmental laws and regulations such as these could become more stringent over time, causing a need to redesign technologies, imposing greater compliance costs and increasing risks and penalties associated with violations, which could seriously harm our business.

The issuance of new accounting standards or future interpretations of existing accounting standards could adversely affect our operating results.

 We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). A change in those principles could have a significant effect on our reported results and might affect our reporting of transactions completed before a change is announced. GAAP is issued and subject to

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interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the SEC and various other bodies formed to promulgate and interpret accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. The issuance of new accounting standards or future interpretations of existing accounting standards, or changes in our business practices or estimates, could result in future changes in our revenue recognition or other accounting policies that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which will require significant interest payments. We have approximately $80.5 million aggregate principal amount of indebtedness outstanding as of March 31, 2020, representing the 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (“Notes”) we issued in September 2019. Our substantial level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including the following:

● we must use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay interest and principal on the Notes, which will reduce funds available to us for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures, other general corporate purposes and potential acquisitions;

● our ability to refinance such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes may be impaired;

● we will be exposed to fluctuations in interest rates;

● our leverage may be greater than that of some of our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage and reduce our flexibility in responding to current and changing industry and financial market conditions;

● we may be more vulnerable to the economic downturns and adverse developments in our business;

● we may be unable to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants in our debt agreements, which could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, may result in acceleration of certain of our debt and would have an adverse effect on our business and prospects and could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation; and

● in the event of the insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up of our business, if there are not sufficient assets remaining to pay all creditors, then all or a portion of the amounts due on the Notes then outstanding would remain unpaid.

We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our existing credit facility and the terms of any of our other indebtedness.  For example, we may incur additional debt to fund our business and strategic initiatives.  If we incur additional debt and other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial leverage and the ability to service such debt would increase.

Our ability to meet expenses, to remain in compliance with our covenants under our debt arrangements and to make future principal and interest payments in respect of our debt arrangements depends on, among other things, our operating performance, competitive developments and financial market conditions, all of which are significantly affected by financial, business, economic and other factors. We are not able to control many of these factors. Accordingly, our cash flow may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations.

We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs.

We have funded our operations since inception through equity financings, our borrowing arrangements, our public offerings of common stock in October 2015, June 2017, and July 2018, and issuance of the Notes. We have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since our inception, and we expect we will continue to incur operating and net losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. We do not know when or if our operations will generate sufficient cash to fund our ongoing operations. In the future, we may require additional capital to fund our ongoing operations, respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities, but we may not be

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able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing or raise additional capital in the public market on favorable terms or at all.

Our current credit facility limits our ability to incur indebtedness, and these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions subject to the consent of our lender. Any additional debt financing obtained by us in the future could also involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions.

If we raise additional funds through issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.

Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

In general, under Sections 382 and 383 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses (“NOLs”) and certain other tax credit carryforwards (including research credit carryforwards) to offset its post-change taxable income or taxes. The Company does not expect to undergo an ownership change (other than the ownership change that will result from the closing of the Merger). The potential change in our stock ownership that would result from the closing of the merger could constitute an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code and could cause our ability to utilize our NOLs and tax credits to be further limited. Our NOLs and tax credits could also be impaired under state laws. As a result of the foregoing limitations, we might not be able to utilize a material portion of our federal and/or state NOLs and tax credits.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. We are required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and provide a management report on our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 , should we remain an independent public company, we expect that we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm issue an attestation report regarding management’s report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we have one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to determine that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the Nasdaq Stock Market, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

If our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

We review our intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. As of March 31, 2020, we had a net total of $66.0 million of goodwill and other intangible assets.

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In connection with our ongoing operations, additional insight could be gained that may impact: (1) identified intangible assets; (2) the estimated total value assigned to intangible assets; and (3) the estimated useful life of each category of intangible assets. An adverse change in market conditions, particularly if such change has the effect of changing one of our critical assumptions or estimates, could result in a change to the estimation of fair value that could result in an impairment charge to our goodwill or intangible assets. Any such material charges may have a material negative impact on our operating results.

Regulations related to “conflict minerals” may force us to incur additional expenses, may make our supply chain more complex and may result in damage to our reputation with customers.

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC has adopted requirements for companies that use certain minerals and metals, known as conflict minerals, in their products, whether or not these products are manufactured by third parties. These requirements require companies to diligence, disclose and report whether or not such minerals originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of minerals used in the manufacture of our products, and affect our costs and relationships with customers, distributors and suppliers as we must obtain additional information from them to ensure our compliance with the disclosure requirement. In addition, we incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the source of any of the relevant minerals and metals used in our products. Since our supply chain is complex, we may not be able to sufficiently verify the origins for these minerals and metals used in our products through the due diligence procedures that we implement, which may harm our reputation. In such event, we may also face difficulties in satisfying customers who require that all of the components of our products are certified as conflict mineral free and these customers may discontinue, or materially reduce, purchases of our products, which could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our financial condition may be adversely affected.

Some of our facilities and the facilities of our suppliers are located near known earthquake fault zones, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other catastrophic disaster could damage our facilities, which could cause us to curtail our operations.

 Our principal offices, and our contract manufacturers’ and suppliers’ facilities in Asia, are located near known earthquake fault zones and, therefore, are vulnerable to damage from earthquakes. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, such as power loss, fire, floods and similar events. If any such disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business could be seriously impaired. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other similar significant business interruptions. Any significant losses that are not recoverable under our insurance policies could seriously impair our business and financial condition.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock has been and will likely continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our common stock has been, and will likely continue to be, volatile. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in October 2015 at a price of $5.00 per share, our stock price has fluctuated significantly. In addition to the factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

● the impact of our announced Merger with Dialog;

● overall performance of the equity markets in general, in our industry or in the markets we address;

● our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

● changes in the estimates of our results of operations that we provide to the public, our failure to meet these projected results or changes in recommendations by securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;

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● announcements of technological innovations, new products or enhancements to products, acquisitions, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;

● announcements of new business partners, on the termination of existing business partner arrangements or changes to our relationships with such business partners;

● recruitment or departure of key personnel;

● announcements of litigation or claims against us;

● changes in legal requirements relating to our business;

● the economy as a whole, market conditions in our industry, and the industries of our customers and end customers

● natural disasters or pandemics such as COVID-19;

● trading activity by our principal stockholders;

● any further issuances of securities, including by conversion of the Notes in certain circumstances;

● the expiration of contractual lock-up or market standoff agreements; and

● sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business. In connection with the closing of the Merger, we expect our common stock to be delisted from NASDAQ, deregistered under the Exchange Act, and will no longer trade.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock, the market price of our stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. If few analysts cover our company, the price and trading volume of our stock could suffer. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, or publish unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline rapidly. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, from February 20, 2020 until the effective time of the Merger, we may not declare any dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital stock without Dialog’s prior written consent. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock is likely to be restricted by any future debt financing arrangement. Any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to increases in the price of our common stock, if any.

Provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management.

Delaware corporate law and our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our board of directors that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. Among other things, these provisions:

● establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board are elected at one time;

● provide that directors may be removed only “for cause” and only with the approval of stockholders representing sixty-six percent (66%) of our outstanding common stock;

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● require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws;

● authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares and to discourage a takeover attempt;

● eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;

● prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which means that all stockholder actions will be required to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

● provide that our board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and

● establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our management could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Risks Related to the Notes

Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.

Should we remain an independent public company, our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including the Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Notes in cash or torepurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and any future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Notes.

Holders of Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change before the maturity date, such as the Merger, at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, should we remain an independent public company, upon conversion of the Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of the Notes surrendered therefor or pay cash with respect to the Notes being converted.

In addition, our ability to repurchase the Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the Notes may be limited by law, regulatory authority, or any agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the applicable indenture or to pay any cash upon conversions of Notes as required by the indenture would constitute a default under the applicable indenture. A default under the applicable indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing any future indebtedness. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the Notes.

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The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, including as a result of the Merger, holders of notes will be entitled to convert their notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation in cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results should we remain an independent public company.

In May 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), issued FASB Staff Position No. APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement), which has subsequently been codified as Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”). Under ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet at issuance, and the value of the equity component would be treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Notes. As a result we are required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense in current periods presented as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the Notes to their face amount over the term of the Notes. We will report larger net losses or lower net income in our financial results because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s non-convertible coupon interest rate, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of the Notes.

In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash are currently accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes are not included in the calculation of diluted net income per share except to the extent that the conversion value of the Notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted net income per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable or otherwise elect not to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, then our diluted earnings per share would be adversely affected.

In July 2019, the FASB issued an exposure draft that proposes to change the accounting for the convertible debt instruments described above. Under the exposure draft, an entity may no longer be required to separately account for the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments. This could have the impact of reducing non-cash interest expense, and thereby increasing net income or decreasing net loss. Additionally, as currently proposed, the treasury stock method for calculating earnings per share will no longer be allowed for convertible debt instruments whose principal amount may be settled using shares. Rather, the if-converted method may be required, which would increase the total number of potential dilutive common shares and could decrease our diluted weighted-average earnings per share. We cannot be sure that this exposure draft will be issued, or will be issued in its current format. We also cannot be sure whether other changes may be made to the current accounting standards related to the Notes, or otherwise, that could have an adverse impact on our financial statements.

Future sales of our common stock or equity-linked securities in the public market could lower the market price for our common stock and adversely impact the trading price of the Notes.

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Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, from February 20, 2020 until the effective time of the Merger, we generally may not sell, issue, grant or authorize the sale, issuance or grant of any shares of our common stock or other security, or any option, performance stock unit, restricted stock award or other equity-based compensation award, or right to acquire any capital stock or other security; or any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security, other than the issuance of shares upon the valid exercise of outstanding options, or the vesting or scheduled settlement of other outstanding equity awards or outstanding warrants, or the conversion of the Notes, in each case in accordance with their terms.

We may sell additional shares of our common stock or equity-linked securities to raise capital, however, should we remain an independent public company. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options and upon conversion of the Notes, which, as noted in the paragraph above, are issuable pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. The issuance and sale of substantial amounts of our common stock or equity-linked securities, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the trading price of the Notes and the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities.

Provisions in the indenture for the Notes may deter or prevent a business combination that may be favorable to holders of the Notes or our stockholders.

If a fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date, such as the Merger, holders of the Notes will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes. In addition, if a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date, such as the Merger, we will in some cases be required to increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. Furthermore, the indenture for the Notes will prohibit us from engaging in certain mergers or acquisitions unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Notes, which we expect to occur in connection with the closing of the Merger. These and other provisions in the indenture could deter or prevent a third party from acquiring us even when the acquisition may be favorable to holders of the Notes or our stockholders.

The capped call transactions may affect the value of the Notes and our common stock.

In connection with the pricing of the Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with Credit Suisse Capital LLC and Société Générale, or the option counterparties. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of our common stock that was initially underlie the Notes. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock as a result of any conversion of the Notes.

In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the capped call transactions, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates purchased/will purchase shares of our common stock and/or entered/will enter into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock concurrently with or shortly after the pricing of the Notes. This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) the market price of our common stock or the Notes at that time.

In addition, should we remain an independent public company, we expect the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the Notes and prior to the maturity date (and are likely to do so on each exercise date for the capped call transactions, which are expected to occur during each 30 trading day period beginning on the 31st scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the Notes, or following any termination of any portion of the capped call transactions in connection with any repurchase, redemption or conversion of the Notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock or the Notes, which could affect the holder of the Notes’ ability to convert the Notes and, to the extent the activity occurs during any observation period related to a conversion of notes, it could affect the amount and value of the consideration that the holder of the Notes will receive upon conversion of the Notes.

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The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our common stock, should we remain an independent public company, or the Notes will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our common stock and the value of the Notes (and as a result, the amount and value of the consideration that the holder of the Notes would receive upon the conversion of any notes) and, under certain circumstances, the holder of the Notes’ ability to convert the notes.

We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the capped call transactions.

The option counterparties to the capped call transactions we have entered into are financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that one or more of the option counterparties may default or otherwise fail to perform, or may exercise certain rights to terminate, their obligations under the capped call transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. If an option counterparty to one or more capped call transactions becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at the time under such transaction. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, our exposure will increase if the market price or the volatility of our common stock increases, should we remain an independent public company. In addition, upon a default or other failure to perform, or a termination of obligations, by an option counterparty, we may suffer more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our common stock, should we remain an independent public company. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the option counterparties.

ITEM 1B.            UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.              UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a) Sales of Unregistered Securities

(b) Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock

None.

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.Exhibits

The exhibits filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are set forth below.

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.	Exhibit	Form	File No	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed Herewith
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(a)-, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.1+	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.2+	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document					X
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document					X
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document					X
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document					X
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document					X
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document					X

+ This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Adesto Technologies Corporation
Dated: June 22, 2020	By:	/s/ Ron Shelton
		Ron Shelton Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Narbeh Derhacobian, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Adesto Technologies Corporation;

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 22, 2020	By:	/s/ Narbeh Derhacobian
		Narbeh Derhacobian
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Ron Shelton, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Adesto Technologies Corporation;

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 22, 2020	By:	/s/ Ron Shelton
		Ron Shelton
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Narbeh Derhacobian, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

● the Quarterly Report of Adesto Technologies Corporation on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

● the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Adesto Technologies Corporation.

Date:    June 22, 2020
	By:	/s/ Narbeh Derhacobian
	Narbeh Derhacobian
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Ron Shelton, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

●the Quarterly Report of Adesto Technologies Corporation on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

● the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Adesto Technologies Corporation.

Date:    June 22, 2020
	By:	/s/ Ron Shelton
	Ron Shelton
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
			Significant
	Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
	Active Markets		Observable		Unobservable
	for Identical		Inputs		Inputs
	Assets (Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
	(in thousands)
As of March 31, 2020
Assets:
Money market funds	$	504	$	—	$	—	$	504
U.S. government securities		300		—		—		300
	$	804	$	—	$	—	$	804
Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Money market funds	$	460	$	—	$	—	$	460
U.S. government securities		300		—		—		300
	$	760	$	—	$	—	$	760
Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	—	$	—	$	2,911	$	2,911

Schedule of Reconciliation of Change Fair Value

Changes in the earn-out liability during 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	2,911
Acquisitions		—
Change in fair value		(911)
Change in foreign currency exchange rate		—
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	2,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities

The following table reflects our lease assets and our lease liabilities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands).

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,118	$	4,300
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	1,266	$	1,230
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$	4,400	$	4,726

Schedule of Lease Costs

The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	473	$	551

Schedule of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities

As of March 31, 2020, the maturity of operating lease liabilities was as follows (in thousands):

(In thousands)
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$	1,512
2021		1,691
2022		1,552
2023		1,015
2024		221
Thereafter		1,954
Total lease payments		7,945
Less: Interest		(2,279)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	5,666

Schedule of Lease Term and Discount Rate

	March 31,
	2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	7.3
Weighted-average discount rate	11.56	%

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	473	$	551
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Organization and Nature of Operations (Details)	Sep. 14, 2018	May 09, 2018	Aug. 20, 2020
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Business Acquisition, Date of Acquisition [Abstract]
Date of Acquisition		May 09, 2018
Business Combination, Description [Abstract]
Percentage of issued capital acquired (as a percent)		100.00%
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Business Acquisition, Date of Acquisition [Abstract]
Date of Acquisition	Sep. 14, 2018
Business Combination, Description [Abstract]
Percentage of issued capital acquired (as a percent)	100.00%
Dialog Semiconductor plc [Member] | Adesto Technologies Corporation [Member] | Forecast [Member]
Business Combination, Description [Abstract]
Percentage of issued capital acquired (as a percent)			100.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies.

Operating Leases.

We lease certain manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office space, and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various times up to November 2033 and have options to renew most leases, with rentals to be negotiated. Certain of our leases contain provisions for rental adjustments. Operating lease rentals are expensed on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease beginning on the date we take possession of the property. At lease inception, we determine the lease term by assuming the exercise of those renewal options that are reasonably assured. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The lease term is used to determine whether a lease is financing or operating and is used to calculate straight-line rent expense. Additionally, the depreciable life of leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table reflects our lease assets and our lease liabilities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands).

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,118	$	4,300
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	1,266	$	1,230
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$	4,400	$	4,726

Lease Costs:

The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	473	$	551

As of March 31, 2020, the maturity of operating lease liabilities was as follows (in thousands):

(In thousands)
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$	1,512
2021		1,691
2022		1,552
2023		1,015
2024		221
Thereafter		1,954
Total lease payments		7,945
Less: Interest		(2,279)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	5,666

Lease Term and Discount Rate:

	March 31,
	2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	7.3
Weighted-average discount rate	11.56	%

Other Information:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	473	$	551
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Purchase Commitments.

As of March 31, 2020, we had purchase commitments with our third-party foundries of $9.1 million due within one year.

Litigation.

We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation, including intellectual property litigation, arising in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes and are not predictable with assurance. We accrue amounts that we believe are adequate to address any liabilities related to legal proceedings and other loss contingencies that we believe will result in a probable loss that is reasonably estimable.

Indemnification.

During the normal course of business, we may make certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees which may include intellectual property indemnities to certain of our customers in connection with the sales of our products and indemnities for liabilities associated with the infringement of other parties’ technology based upon our products. Our exposure under these indemnification provisions is generally limited to the total amount paid by a customer under the agreement. However, certain agreements include indemnification provisions that could potentially expose us to losses in excess of the amount received under the agreement. In addition, we indemnify our officers, directors and certain key employees while they are serving in good faith in such capacities.

We have not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and guarantees in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Where necessary, we accrue for losses for any known contingent liabilities, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable.

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Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliates

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Note 6. Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliates.

During 2017 and 2016, we made investments in Semitech Semiconductor Pty. Ltd., an Australian corporation (“Semitech”), as part of a license and development agreement dated April 16, 2016. Semitech has developed Narrowband-Power Line Communications (“N-PLC”) products and market knowledge in the N-PLC devices space and plans to sell its products into the smart grid, solar, smart lighting and industrial space. Investments during 2016 through June 14, 2017 were recorded as notes receivable. On June 15, 2017, $0.4 million of notes receivable and accrued interest were converted into 233,335 shares of preferred stock in Semitech. In June 2018, we converted $0.5 million of notes receivable and accrued interest into 312,076 shares of preferred stock in Semitech. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 we invested $0.11 million in additional notes receivable in Semitech. This investment is recorded at cost in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we held investments in notes receivable in Semitech in the amount of $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which were classified in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Organization and Nature of Operations.

Adesto Technologies Corporation (together with its subsidiaries; “Adesto”, “we”, “our”, “us” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of California in January 2006 and reincorporated in Delaware in October 2015. We are a leading provider of innovative, application-specific semiconductor and systems for the Internet of Things era. Our corporate headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California.

On May 9, 2018 we acquired 100% of the issued capital of S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited and on September 14, 2018 we acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon Corporation. Our financial results include the operating results of those entities from the date of acquisition.

On February 20, 2020, we entered into a definitive merger agreement with Dialog Semiconductor plc (“Dialog”), a company incorporated in England and Wales. According to the terms of the merger, Dialog will acquire 100% of the issued capital of the Company (see Note 17, “Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc”).

Basis of Presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10 Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP to complete annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of our management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company and its results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, for any other interim period or for any other future year.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2020.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of our operations, and the operations of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies described in Note 1, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, except as described below..

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. As part of the FASB's disclosure framework project, it has eliminated, amended and added disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of, and reasons for, transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy of timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. Public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  This ASU was adopted on January 1, 2020 and changed disclosure requirements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. This ASU was adopted on January 1, 2020 and did not have an impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326):  Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses.  Subsequent to the issuance of ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvement to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.  The subsequent ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU No. 2016-13.  Instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within ASU No. 2016-13.

Additionally, ASU No. 2019-10 defers the effective date for the adoption of the new standard on credit losses for public filers that are considered small reporting companies (“SRC”) as defined by the SEC to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which will be fiscal 2023 for the Company if it continues to be classified as a SRC.  In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, which provides guidance regarding methodologies, documentation, and internal controls related to expected credit losses.  The subsequent amendments will have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU No. 2016-13.  Early adoption is permitted.  Topic 326 requires a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.  While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of Topic 326, Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and the related disclosures.

Revenue from contracts with customers.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales of products with alternative use account for the majority of our revenue and are recognized at a point in time, the timing of such recognition remained the same under Topic 606.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer and deposited with the relevant government authority, are excluded from revenue. Our revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components.

Revenue is recognized over a period of time when it is assessed that performance obligations are satisfied over a period rather than at a point in time. When any of the following criteria is fulfilled, revenue is recognized over a period of time:

(a)	The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the performance as Adesto performs.
(b)	Adesto’s performance creates or enhances an asset (for example, work in process) that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced.
(c)	Adesto’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use, and Adesto has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

If revenue is recognized over a period of time, we would then select an appropriate method for measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, usually costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation. Typically, our revenue from NVM and Embedded Systems products is recognized at a point in time. Revenues from our ASIC and IP solutions products are generally recognized over of period of time.

Sales to certain distributors are made under arrangements which provide the distributors with price adjustments, price protection, stock rotation and other allowances under certain circumstances. These adjustments and allowances are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenue recognized. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

If a customer pays consideration, or Adesto has a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional before we transfer a good or service to the customer, those amounts are classified as deferred income/ advances received from customers which are included in other current liabilities or other long-term liabilities when the payment is made or it is due, whichever is earlier.

If the arrangement includes variable contingent consideration, we recognize revenue over time if we can reasonably measure its progress, or we are capable of providing reliable information that would be required to apply an appropriate method of measuring progress. To date, we have not had any arrangements incorporating contingent consideration.

Sales commissions are owed and are recorded at the time of sell through of our products to end customers. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Company has entered into, and will continue to enter into, development agreements. Typically, revenue is recognized over time on a percentage of completion basis based on resources expended to date as compared to budgeted resources. Cost associated with these contracts can be classified as cost of revenue or research and development expense depending on the terms of the contract.

The Company has entered into, and will continue to enter into, development agreements. Typically, revenue is recognized over time on a percentage of completion basis based on resources expended to date as compared to budgeted resources. Cost associated with these contracts can be classified as cost of revenue or research and development expense depending on the terms of the contract.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Timing of Revenue Recognition.

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
	2020		2019
Products transferred at a point in time	$	18,009	$	24,135
Products and services transferred over time		2,012		3,978
	$	20,021	$	28,113

The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as accounts receivable, unbilled and our contract liabilities which we classify as deferred revenue:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
	(in thousands)
Contract assets:
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$	5,593	$	4,795	$	798
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	224	$	415	$	(191)

Accounts receivable, unbilled represents revenue recognized on certain development contracts for which invoicing has not yet occurred based on the terms of the development contract. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $5.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, classified as unbilled accounts receivable within accounts receivable.

Deferred revenue represents amounts invoiced to customers for certain development contracts for which revenue has yet to be recognized based on actual development hours performed. Typically, the timing of invoicing is based on the terms of the contract. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of deferred revenue classified as accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Reclassifications.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not result in any change in previously reported total assets, stockholders’ equity or net loss.

Use of Estimates.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate those estimates, including those related to allowances for doubtful accounts, price adjustments and other revenue reserves, warranty accrual, inventory write-downs, valuation of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, loss on purchase commitments, valuation of deferred taxes and contingencies. In addition, we use assumptions when employing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to value certain restricted stock units with market-based vesting conditions. We base our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Product Warranty.

Our non-volatile memory (“NVM”) products are sold with a limited warranty for a period of one year, warranting that the product conforms to specifications and is free from material defects in design, materials and workmanship. To date, we have had insignificant returns of any defective production parts. During 2019 and the first three months of 2020 we did not record any additional liability related to potential warranty claims. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the warranty accrual related to NVM products was $51,000 and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

At the time of the Echelon acquisition we recorded a warranty liability of $401,000 related to Echelon products. For the period ended December 31, 2018 we recorded an increase in the warranty liability of $53,000. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the warranty accrual related to Echelon products was $453,000 of which $186,000 was recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and $267,000 is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. 

Foreign Currency Translation.

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. In consolidation, we translate assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date. We translate revenue and expense accounts at the average exchange rates during the period in which the transaction takes place. Net gains and losses from foreign currency translation of assets and liabilities were losses of $319,000 and $128,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 respectively, and are included in the cumulative translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, a component of stockholders’ equity. Net gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency were a gain of $271,000 and a loss of $97,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Concentration of Risk.

Our products are primarily manufactured, assembled and tested by third-party foundries and other contractors in Asia and we are heavily dependent on a single foundry in Taiwan for the manufacture of wafers and a single contractor in the Philippines for assembly and testing of our products. We do not have long-term agreements with either of these suppliers. A significant disruption in the operations of these parties would adversely impact the production of our products for a substantial period of time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivables. We place substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and investments on deposit with three reputable, high credit quality financial institutions in the United States of America. We believe that the banks that holds substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and are investments is financially sound and, accordingly, subject to minimal credit risk. Deposits held with the banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.

We generally do not require collateral or other security in support of accounts receivable. We periodically review the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $60,000 and $60,000, respectively.

Customer concentrations as a percentage of revenue, net were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Customer A	*	%	26	%
Customer B	12	%	*	%

*less than 10%

Customer concentrations as a percentage of gross accounts receivable were as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Customer C	47	%	45	%

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Segment Information - General Information (Details) - segment	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of business segments	1	1

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Purchase Commitments with Third-party Foundries [Member]
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-term Commitment [Line Items]
Purchase commitments	$ 9.1

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - Common Stock Warrants - Tabular Disclosure (Details) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	May 08, 2018
Common Stock Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	1,165,282	1,165,282
Exercise price of warrant	$ 6.93	$ 8.11
Common Stock Warrants Three [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	315,282	315,282
Exercise price of warrant	$ 2.38	$ 2.38
Common Stock Warrants, Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	850,000	850,000	850,000
Exercise price of warrant	$ 8.62	$ 8.30	$ 8.62

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases - Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets and Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	$ 4,118	$ 4,300
Operating lease liabilities, current	1,266	1,230
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$ 4,400	$ 4,726

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue, net	$ 20,021	$ 28,113
Cost of revenue	11,384	14,893
Gross profit	8,637	13,220
Operating expenses:
Research and development	7,664	7,522
Selling, general and administrative	8,823	7,935
Amortization of intangible assets	1,788	1,788
Acquisition related expenses	1,901	222
Impairment and other charges		1,694
Total operating expenses	20,176	19,161
Loss from operations	(11,539)	(5,941)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(1,515)	(1,370)
Other income (expense), net	1,936	220
Total other income (expense), net	421	(1,150)
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes	(11,118)	(7,091)
(Benefit from) income taxes	(103)	(31)
Net loss	$ (11,015)	$ (7,060)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.24)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted (in shares)	30,561,076	29,592,247

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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, type	us-gaap:USTreasuryAndGovernmentMember	us-gaap:USTreasuryAndGovernmentMember
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 300	$ 300
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total	804	760
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Earn-out liability	2,000	2,911
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value disclosure	504	460
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale	300	300
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total	804	760
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value disclosure	504	460
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Earn-out liability	$ 2,000	$ 2,911

XML

Balance Sheet Components - Property and Equipment - Tabular Disclosure (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 27,335	$ 26,957
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(19,537)	(18,844)
Property and equipment, net	7,798	8,113
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	17,057	17,522
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	4,444	4,445
Software and Software Development Costs [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	4,791	4,142
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	744	733
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 299	$ 115

XML

Acquisitions - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 14, 2018	May 09, 2018	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 17,690
Echelon Corporation [Member] | Customer Relationships [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 6,520
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	7 years
Echelon Corporation [Member] | Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 10,670
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	4 years
Echelon Corporation [Member] | Trademarks [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 500
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	8 years
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 15,340
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member] | Customer Relationships [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 12,880
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		7 years
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member] | Order or Production Backlog [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 210
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		6 months	6 months	6 months
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member] | Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 1,080
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		5 years
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member] | Non-compete Agreements [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 380
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		2 years
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member] | Trademarks [Member]
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 790
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		12 years

XML

Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliates (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 15, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long-term Investments and Receivables, Net [Abstract]
Notes receivable and accrued interest converted to shares	$ 400	$ 500
Shares resulting from the conversion of notes receivable and accrued interest (in shares)	233,335	312,076
Semitech Semiconductor Pty Ltd [Member]
Long-term Investments and Receivables, Net [Abstract]
Invested in notes receivable			$ 110
Other Noncurrent Assets [Member] | Semitech Semiconductor Pty Ltd [Member]
Long-term Investments and Receivables, Net [Abstract]
Investments in notes receivable				$ 800	$ 700

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Stock-based Compensation - Unrecognized Compensation Cost (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost, options	$ 1.9
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized [Abstract]
Expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period	1 year 10 months 24 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost, excluding options	$ 12.1
Expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period	2 years 6 months
Employee Stock [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost, excluding options	$ 0.2
Expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period	3 months 18 days

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Value Options (Details) - Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Volatility (as a percent)	66.00%
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%
Risk-free rate (as a percent)	2.27%
Expected term (in years)	6 years

XML

Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Estimated Useful Life (Details)		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 09, 2018	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Developed Technology Rights [Member] | S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	5 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		4 years	4 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		10 years	10 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		7 years	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		12 years	12 years
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | Certain Flash Memory Product Assets from Atmel Corporation [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		1 year	1 year
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	6 months	6 months	6 months
Non-compete Agreements [Member] | S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	2 years
Non-compete Agreements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		2 years	2 years
Non-compete Agreements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		5 years	5 years
Trademarks [Member] | S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life	12 years
Trademarks [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		8 years	8 years
Trademarks [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, estimated useful life		12 years	12 years

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition - Practical Expedients (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Optional Exemption [Abstract]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Optional Exemption, Performance Obligation	true

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Foreign Currency Translation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Net gains and losses from foreign currency translation of assets and liabilities	$ (319)		$ (128)
Net gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency		$ 271		$ (97)

XML

Acquisitions - General Information (Details)	Sep. 14, 2018	May 09, 2018
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Business Acquisition, Date of Acquisition [Abstract]
Date of Acquisition	Sep. 14, 2018
Business Combination, Description [Abstract]
Percentage of issued capital acquired (as a percent)	100.00%
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Business Acquisition, Date of Acquisition [Abstract]
Date of Acquisition		May 09, 2018
Business Combination, Description [Abstract]
Percentage of issued capital acquired (as a percent)		100.00%

XML

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts receivable	$	32,541	$	35,757
Accounts receivable, unbilled		5,593		4,795
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(60)		(60)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	38,074	$	40,492

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	1,843	$	6,081
Work-in-process		10,051		6,715
Finished goods		10,316		7,227
Total inventories	$	22,210	$	20,023

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Machinery and equipment	$	17,057	$	17,522
Leasehold improvements		4,444		4,445
Computer software		4,791		4,142
Furniture and fixtures		744		733
Construction in progress		299		115
Property and equipment, at cost		27,335		26,957
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,537)		(18,844)
Property and equipment, net	$	7,798	$	8,113

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accrued sales commission payable	$	258	$	389
Accrued manufacturing expenses		1,686		1,106
Liabilities to certain customers		2,242		4,144
Warranty reserve		504		513
Income tax payable		513		132
Deferred revenue, current portion		224		415
Interest payable		171		950
Other accrued liabilities		1,508		1,719
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,106	$	9,368

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Subsequent events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

Note 18. Subsequent events.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the operations and purchasing decisions of companies worldwide. It also has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty in the global economy. The Company has undertaken measures to protect its employees, partners, customers, and vendors. In addition, the Company’s personnel worldwide are subject to various travel restrictions, which limit the ability of the Company to provide services to customers and affiliates. This impacts the Company's normal operations. To date, the Company has been able to provide uninterrupted access to its products and services due to its globally distributed workforce, many of whom are working remotely, and its pre-existing infrastructure that supports secure access to the Company’s internal systems. If, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on the productivity of the Company’s employees or its partners’ or customers’ decision to use the Company’s products and services, the results of the Company’s operations and overall financial performance may be adversely impacted. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time. As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require updates to the Company’s estimates and judgments or revisions to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the financial statements.

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Net Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Note 14. Net Loss Per Share.

The following outstanding common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020	2019
Stock options	1,626,244	2,018,469
Restricted stock units	2,253,181	1,346,031
Common stock warrants	1,165,282	1,239,423
Shares from the convertible senior notes	6,705,819	—
	11,750,526	4,603,923

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Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Estimated Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$ 5,249
2021	6,962
2022	6,070
2023	3,735
2024	3,463
Thereafter	1,841
Net carrying amount	$ 27,320	$ 29,108

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Share-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,925	$ 1,075
Cost of Sales [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	142	65
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	696	389
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,087	$ 621

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Stock-based Compensation - General Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee's requisite service period	4 years
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)		0.00%

XML

Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 14, 2018	May 09, 2018	Sep. 28, 2012
Certain Flash Memory Product Assets from Atmel Corporation [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired			$ 16,400
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 15,340
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 17,690

XML

Acquisitions - Consideration Transferred (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 14, 2018	May 09, 2018	Oct. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Cash consideration	$ 44.1
Aggregate consideration	$ 44.1
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Aggregate consideration		$ 35.0
Earn-out		$ 15.0
Fair Value of earn-out liability				$ 2.0		$ 10.5
Liability reduction				$ 0.9	$ 0.3
Payment of contingent liability			$ 7.2

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition - Timing of Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, net	$ 20,021	$ 28,113
Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, net	18,009	24,135
Transferred over Time [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, net	$ 2,012	$ 3,978

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentrations Risk - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 60	$ 60

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Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Merger [Abstract]

Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc

Note 17. Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc

On February 20, 2020, the Company, Dialog Semiconductor plc, a company incorporated in England and Wales (“ Parent ”), and Azara Acquisition Corp. (“ Merger Sub ”), a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Parent, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “ Merger Agreement ”). The Board of Directors of the Company has unanimously determined that the Merger is advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of, the Company and its stockholders, and unanimously recommended the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the holders of the Company’s common stock (the “ Shares ”).

Pursuant to the terms of, and subject to the conditions specified in, the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, and the Company will become a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Parent (the “ Merger ”). If the Merger is consummated, each Share outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (other than (i) shares held, directly or indirectly,  by any wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, (ii) shares held by the Company (or held in the Company’s treasury) or held, directly or indirectly by Parent, Merger Sub or any other wholly owned subsidiary of Parent and (iii) stockholders of the Company who are entitled to and who properly exercise  appraisal rights under Delaware law) will be converted into the right to receive $12.55 in cash, without interest and subject to any required tax withholding.

The consummation of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, including, among other things,  (i) the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the holders of a majority of the Company’s Shares outstanding on the record date, which occurred on May 5, 2020 at a special meeting of the stockholders called for such purpose; (ii) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended without the imposition of a Burdensome Condition (as defined in the Merger Agreement); (iii)  obtainment of CFIUS Approval  (as defined in the Merger Agreement); (iv) the absence of any order or other legal restraint or injunction preventing the consummation of the Merger and the absence of any law making the consummation of the Merger illegal, in any case, by any court or governmental entity having jurisdiction over the parties to the Merger Agreement; (v) the absence of certain legal proceedings brought by certain governmental entities relating to the Merger; (vi) the continued accuracy of the Company’s representations and warranties, subject to specified materiality qualifications; (vii) the performance of the Company’s obligations and covenants under the Merger Agreement (to be performed at or prior to the consummation of the Merger) in all material respects and (vii) the absence of a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Merger Agreement). The transaction is not subject to a financing condition.  The Company has filed the definitive proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2020. The Merger was approved by the stockholders of the Company on May 5, 2020. Subject to satisfaction of the closing conditions, the Company currently expects the merger to close in the second calendar quarter of 2020.

The Company has made customary representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement and has agreed to customary covenants, including (i) subject to certain limitations set forth in the Merger Agreement, to conduct the business and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, in all material respects, in the ordinary course and in accordance with past practices prior to the consummation of the Merger and (ii) to not engage in certain specified transactions or activities prior to the consummation of the Merger without Parent’s prior written consent. In addition, the Company has agreed (i) not to solicit, initiate, knowingly encourage, or knowingly facilitate any alternative acquisition proposals or acquisition inquiries or take any action that could reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry; (ii) not to furnish or otherwise provide access to any information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries to any person or entity in connection with or in response to an acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry; (iii) not to engage in discussions or negotiations with any person or entity with respect to any acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry; (iv) not to approve, endorse or recommend any acquisition proposal; and (v) not to enter into any letter of intent, memorandum of understanding, agreement in principle or similar document or any contract constituting or relating directly or indirectly to, or that contemplates or is intended or could reasonably be expected to result directly or indirectly in, an acquisition transaction, subject to customary exceptions in the exercise of the Board’s fiduciary duties.

The Merger Agreement contains customary termination rights for the parties, including the right to terminate the Merger Agreement if the Merger has not been consummated at or prior to 11:59 p.m. (California time) on August 20, 2020 (or, if so extended by either party in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, November 20, 2020) (the “End Date”). The Merger Agreement provides that the Company will be required to pay Parent a termination fee of $15.76 million if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, including by the Company to accept a Superior Offer (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and enter into a definitive agreement providing for consummation of the transaction contemplated by such Superior Offer. The Merger Agreement also provides that Parent will be required to pay to the Company a termination fee of $15.76 million if the Merger is not consummated due to a failure to obtain CFIUS Approval prior to the End Date.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 13. Income Taxes.

We recorded a benefit from income tax of ($103,000) and ($31,000), respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The income tax provision is comprised of estimates of current and deferred taxes in domestic and foreign jurisdictions. The income tax provision reflects tax expense associated with foreign current and deferred taxes, state income tax, and uncertain tax positions. The decrease in the tax provision between 2020 and 2019 is primarily due to a deferred tax benefit associated with our foreign deferred tax liability and release of tax reserves due to the statute of limitations lapse on such reserve.

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions of the 2017 Tax Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or to treat any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period cost are both acceptable methods subject to an accounting policy election. Effective January 1, 2018, we elected to treat any potential GILTI inclusions as a period cost as we are not projecting any material impact from GILTI inclusions and any deferred taxes related to any inclusion would be immaterial.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted on March 27, 2020. It contains several provisions that may have financial statement effects. Key Aspects of the CARES Act include the following:

· Repealed the 80% taxable income limitation for 2018, 2019 and 2020. Also allows those years to be carried back up to five years;

· Allows corporations to claim 100% of AMT credits in 2019.  It also provides for an election to take the entire refundable credit amount in 2018;

· Section 163(j) Adjusted Taxable Income limit raised from 30% to 50% for businesses; and

· Technical corrections to TCJA for Qualified Improvement Property (“QIP”). Designates as 15-year property for depreciation purposes, which makes QIP a category eligible for 100% bonus depreciation.

The CARES Act is not expected have a material impact to Income Taxes in the Company's financial statements.

As of March 31, 2020, our deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance except in those jurisdictions where it is determined that a valuation allowance is not required. Accounting for income taxes provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not. Based on the weight of available evidence, which includes historical operating performance, reported cumulative net losses since inception and difficulty in accurately forecasting our future results, we provided a full valuation allowance against our net U.S. deferred tax assets. We reassess the need for our valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. If it is later determined that a portion or all of the valuation allowance is not required, the valuation allowance release will generally be a benefit to the income tax provision in the period that such determination is made.

We evaluate tax positions for recognition using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, and those tax positions eligible for recognition are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon the effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. We believe that we have provided adequate reserves for our income tax uncertainties in all open tax years. We do not anticipate a material change in the total amount or composition of its unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months of March 31, 2020.

We file federal, state, and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. Due to our net operating loss and credit carryforwards, our income tax returns generally remain subject to examination by federal, state, and international authorities.

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Acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Echelon Corporation [Member]

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Purchase Price Allocation

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash	$	15,270
Short term investments		1,274
Accounts receivable		3,020
Inventories		5,710
Other current assets		2,845
Property and equipment, net		614
Intangible assets		17,690
Goodwill		4,266
Other non-current assets		252
Accounts payable		(3,630)
Other current liabilities		(2,642)
Other non-current liabilities		(563)
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	44,106

Schedule of Intangible Assets Acquired

		Fair Value	Useful Life (in Years)
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	6,520	7
Developed technology		10,670	4
Trademarks		500	8
Total acquired intangible assets	$	17,690

S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Purchase Price Allocation

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash	$	267
Accounts receivable		192
Other current assets		883
Property and equipment, net		191
Intangible assets		15,340
Goodwill		34,352
Accounts payable		(37)
Deferred revenue		(129)
Earn-out liability, current		(10,218)
Other current liabilities		(761)
Deferred tax liability		(1,918)
Earn-out liability, non-current		(3,279)
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	34,883

Schedule of Intangible Assets Acquired

		Fair Value	Useful Life (in Years)
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	12,880	7
Contract backlog		210	0.5
Developed technology		1,080	5
Non-compete agreements		380	2
Trademarks		790	12
Total	$	15,340

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details)	Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Standards Update 2018-13 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted	false
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jan. 01, 2020
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Early Adoption	false
Accounting Standards Update 2017-04 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted	false
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jan. 01, 2020
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Early Adoption	false
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted	false
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Early Adoption	false

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Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net were as follows (in thousands):

			March 31, 2020
	Estimated Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying  Amount	Net Carrying  Amount
Developed technology	4 - 10		$	16,032		$	7,734		$	8,298
Customer relationships	7 - 12			28,411			10,489			17,922
Customer backlog	1			2,779			2,779			—
Contract backlog	0.5			210			210			—
Non-compete agreement	2 - 5			662			635			27
Trademarks	8 - 12			1,290			217			1,073
Total intangible assets subject to amortization			$	49,384		$	22,064		$	27,320

		December 31, 2019
	Estimated Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying  Amount
Developed technology	4 - 10	$	16,032	$	6,905	$	9,127
Customer relationships	7 - 12		28,411		9,608		18,803
Customer backlog	1		2,779		2,779		—
Contract backlog	0.5		210		210		—
Non-compete agreement	2 - 5		662		588		74
Trademarks	8 - 12		1,290		186		1,104
Total intangible assets subject to amortization		$	49,384	$	20,276	$	29,108

Schedule of Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets

We recorded amortization expense related to the acquisition-related intangible assets as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating expense category:
Research and development	$	828	$	828
Selling, general and administrative		960		960
Total	$	1,788	$	1,788

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Annual Expected Amortization Expense

The estimated future amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets subject to amortization after September 30, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$	5,249
2021		6,962
2022		6,070
2023		3,735
2024		3,463
Thereafter		1,841
Total	$	27,320

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

	March 31,	December 31,
	2020	2019
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,165,282	1,165,282
Options outstanding	1,626,244	1,929,391
Restricted stock units outstanding	2,253,181	1,451,507
Shares available for future grants	557,671	288,813
Shares available for ESPP	547,513	373,428
Shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Notes	8,885,204	8,885,204
Total	15,035,095	14,093,625

Summary of Outstanding Common Stock Warrants

As of March 31, 2020
Total amount of securities issuable
under the outstanding warrants	Exercise Price		Issuance Date	Expiration Date
315,282	$	2.38	2014-2015	2022-2024
850,000	$	8.62	2018	2024
1,165,282	$	6.93

Summary of Stock Option Activity

	Stock Options
				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
		Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		Term (Years)	Value
	(aggregate intrinsic value in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	1,560,453	$	3.63	7.6	$	4,632
Granted	479,375		7.25
Exercised	(112,965)		2.48
Canceled	(61,448)		3.65
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,865,415		4.63	7.6	$	1,540
Granted	189,856		6.16
Exercised	(112,647)		3.36
Canceled	(13,233)		6.53
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,929,391		4.84	6.9	$	7,146
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(299,737)		3.91
Canceled	(3,410)		6.94
Outstanding as of  March 31, 2020	1,626,244	$	5.01	6.9	$	10,057
Options vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2020	1,582,822	$	4.97	6.9	$	9,849
Options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2020	1,034,771	$	4.42	6.3	$	7,002

Summary of Restricted Stock Units Activity

	Restricted Stock Units
				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
		Grant Date		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Fair Value		Term (Years)	Value
	(aggregate intrinsic value in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	509,894	$	2.84	1.4	$	3,288
Granted	925,578		6.55
Released	(264,568)		4.02
Forfeited/expired	(15,924)		8.34
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,154,980		5.50	1.4	$	5,082
Granted	978,851		6.35
Released	(512,703)		5.31
Forfeited/expired	(169,621)		5.15
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,451,507		6.18	1.3	$	12,314
Granted	958,825		7.88
Released	(143,625)		5.40
Forfeited/expired	(13,526)		7.67
Outstanding as of March 31, 2020	2,253,181	$	6.94	1.5	$	25,182

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Note 9. Segment Information.

We operate in one business segment: application-specific, semiconductors and embedded systems. Our chief decision-maker, the President and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates our performance based on company-wide consolidated results. Revenue is evaluated by product category and by geographic region.

Product revenue from customers is designated based on the geographic region to which the product is delivered. Revenue by geographic region was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	3,006	$	7,470
Rest of Americas		485		1,861
Europe		3,454		4,788
Asia Pacific		13,008		13,716
Rest of world		68		278
Total	$	20,021	$	28,113

Long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic region where they are located. Long-lived assets by geographic region were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	3,191	$	3,248
Asia Pacific		3,831		4,093
Europe		776		772
Total property and equipment, net	$	7,798	$	8,113

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	1,985	$	2,078
Asia Pacific		171		185
Europe		1,962		2,037
Total operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,118	$	4,300

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Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets, net

Note 5. Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill

In 2012, in connection with our purchase of the serial flash memory product line assets from Atmel Corporation, we recorded $16.4 million of intangible assets.

In connection with the acquisition of S3 (Note 2), we recorded $15.3 million of intangible assets.

In connection with the acquisition of Echelon (Note 2), we recorded $17.7 million of intangible assets.

Intangible assets, net were as follows (in thousands):

			March 31, 2020
	Estimated Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying  Amount	Net Carrying  Amount
Developed technology	4 - 10		$	16,032		$	7,734		$	8,298
Customer relationships	7 - 12			28,411			10,489			17,922
Customer backlog	1			2,779			2,779			—
Contract backlog	0.5			210			210			—
Non-compete agreement	2 - 5			662			635			27
Trademarks	8 - 12			1,290			217			1,073
Total intangible assets subject to amortization			$	49,384		$	22,064		$	27,320

		December 31, 2019
	Estimated Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying  Amount
Developed technology	4 - 10	$	16,032	$	6,905	$	9,127
Customer relationships	7 - 12		28,411		9,608		18,803
Customer backlog	1		2,779		2,779		—
Contract backlog	0.5		210		210		—
Non-compete agreement	2 - 5		662		588		74
Trademarks	8 - 12		1,290		186		1,104
Total intangible assets subject to amortization		$	49,384	$	20,276	$	29,108

We recorded amortization expense related to the acquisition-related intangible assets as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating expense category:
Research and development	$	828	$	828
Selling, general and administrative		960		960
Total	$	1,788	$	1,788

The estimated future amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets subject to amortization after September 30, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$	5,249
2021		6,962
2022		6,070
2023		3,735
2024		3,463
Thereafter		1,841
Total	$	27,320

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Segment Information - Revenue by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue, net	$ 20,021	$ 28,113
United States [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue, net	3,006	7,470
Rest of Americas [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue, net	485	1,861
Europe [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue, net	3,454	4,788
Asia Pacific [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue, net	13,008	13,716
Rest of World [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue, net	$ 68	$ 278

XML

Document and Entity Information - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 11, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Central Index Key	0001395848
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-37582
Entity Registrant Name	ADESTO TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	16-1755067
Entity Address, Address Line One	3600 Peterson Way
Entity Address, City or Town	Santa Clara
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	95054
City Area Code	408
Local Phone Number	400-0578
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share	$ 0.0001
Trading Symbol	IOTS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		31,249,484
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - Common Stock (Details)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 Vote $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2019 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019 Vote $ / shares shares
Common Stock, Number of Shares, Par Value and Other Disclosures [Abstract]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | shares	100,000,000		100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Voting right common stock holder	Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share.		Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share.
Common stock, votes per share (in votes) | Vote	1		1
Common stock, dividends declared	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2015	Oct. 26, 2015	Dec. 31, 2007	Jan. 31, 2007
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	15,035,095	14,093,625
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	1,626,244	1,929,391
2007 Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)			2,651,515		787,878	272,727
Percentage of fair market value of common stock (as a percent)	85.00%
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)				0
2007 Plan [Member] | New Employee [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	25.00%
2007 Plan [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Exercisable period	10 years
2007 Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member] | Persons controlling more than 10% of Company's stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of fair market value of common stock (as a percent)	100.00%

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 473	$ 551

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (11,015)	$ (7,060)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(319)	(128)
Comprehensive loss	$ (11,334)	$ (7,188)

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Acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisition

Note 2. Acquisitions.

Echelon Corporation

On September 14, 2018, we acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Echelon”), pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 28, 2018. The purchase price was approximately $44.1 million paid in cash.

The assets and liabilities of Echelon were recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values. Fair value is estimated based on one or a combination of income, cost and/or market approaches, as determined based on the nature of the asset or liability, and the level of inputs available. With respect to assets and liabilities, the determination of fair value requires management to make subjective judgments as to projections of future operating performance, the appropriate discount rate to apply, long-term growth rates, and other factors, which affect the amounts recorded in the purchase price allocation. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets, net of liabilities, is recorded as goodwill, which is indicative of the expected continued growth and development of Echelon. The purchase price allocation that follows is based on these estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash	$	15,270
Short term investments		1,274
Accounts receivable		3,020
Inventories		5,710
Other current assets		2,845
Property and equipment, net		614
Intangible assets		17,690
Goodwill		4,266
Other non-current assets		252
Accounts payable		(3,630)
Other current liabilities		(2,642)
Other non-current liabilities		(563)
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	44,106

Intangible assets reflect the following:

		Fair Value	Useful Life (in Years)
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	6,520	7
Developed technology		10,670	4
Trademarks		500	8
Total acquired intangible assets	$	17,690

S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited

On May 9, 2018, we acquired 100% of the issued capital of S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited, a private company limited by shares and incorporated in Ireland (“S3 Semiconductors”), pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement dated May 9, 2018 (the “Agreement”). S3 Semiconductors is headquartered in Ireland and its subsidiaries are in the United States, Portugal and the Czech Republic. S3 Semiconductors and its subsidiaries are engaged in the business of providing advanced mixed signal semiconductor devices and intellectual property to customers in the industrial and communications markets. The aggregate consideration was approximately $35.0 million in cash and contingent consideration in the form of a $15.0 million earn-out. The earn-out is based on achievement of certain milestones through 2019, including minimum total revenue targets, revenue derived from sales of semiconductor devices and new customer engagements with minimum value thresholds. Based on revised estimates of performance against the earn-out thresholds we recorded a change in the fair value of the earn-out liability to approximately $10.5 million as of December 31, 2018. During 2019 we revalued the earn-out liability and recorded a reduction in that liability of approximately $0.3 million. In October 2019, we paid approximately $7.2 million against the liability and during the three months ended March 31, 2020 we revalued the earn-out liability and recorded a reduction in that liability of $0.9 million which was recorded as other income in the statement of operations.  As of March 31, 2020, we estimated the fair value of the earn-out liability to be $2.0 million.

The assets and liabilities of S3 Semiconductors were recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values. Fair value is estimated based on one or a combination of income, cost and/or market approaches, as determined based on the nature of the asset or liability, and the level of inputs available. With respect to assets and liabilities, the determination of fair value requires management to make subjective judgments as to projections of future operating performance, the appropriate discount rate to apply, long-term growth rates, and other factors, which affect the amounts recorded in the purchase price allocation. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets, net of liabilities, is recorded as goodwill, which is indicative of the expected continued growth and development of S3 Semiconductors. The purchase price allocation that follows is based on these estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash	$	267
Accounts receivable		192
Other current assets		883
Property and equipment, net		191
Intangible assets		15,340
Goodwill		34,352
Accounts payable		(37)
Deferred revenue		(129)
Earn-out liability, current		(10,218)
Other current liabilities		(761)
Deferred tax liability		(1,918)
Earn-out liability, non-current		(3,279)
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	34,883

Intangible assets reflect the following:

		Fair Value	Useful Life (in Years)
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	12,880	7
Contract backlog		210	0.5
Developed technology		1,080	5
Non-compete agreements		380	2
Trademarks		790	12
Total	$	15,340

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Balance Sheet Components - Inventories - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2018
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Inventory write-downs	$ 0.0	$ 0.3

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Acquisitions - Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 14, 2018	May 09, 2018
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired, Goodwill, and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 38,640	$ 38,640
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired, Goodwill, and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Cash			$ 15,270
Short term investments			1,274
Accounts receivable			3,020
Inventories			5,710
Other current assets			2,845
Property and equipment, net			614
Intangible assets			17,690
Goodwill			4,266
Other non-current assets			252
Accounts payable			(3,630)
Other current liabilities			(2,642)
Other non-current liabilities			(563)
Fair value of net assets acquired			$ 44,106
S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired, Goodwill, and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Cash				$ 267
Accounts receivable				192
Other current assets				883
Property and equipment, net				191
Intangible assets				15,340
Goodwill				34,352
Accounts payable				(37)
Deferred revenue				(129)
Earn-out liability, current				(10,218)
Other current liabilities				(761)
Deferred tax liability				(1,918)
Earn-out liability, non-current				(3,279)
Fair value of net assets acquired				$ 34,883

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Balance Sheet Components - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Accrued sales commission payable	$ 258	$ 389
Accrued manufacturing expenses	1,686	1,106
Liabilities to certain customers	2,242	4,144
Warranty reserve	504	513
Income tax payable	513	132
Deferred revenue, current portion	224	415
Interest payable	171	950
Other accrued liabilities	1,508	1,719
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 7,106	$ 9,368

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Product Warranty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 14, 2014	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Product Warranties Disclosures [Abstract]
Product warranty accrual, current		$ 504	$ 513
Non-volatile Memory Products [Member]
Product Warranties Disclosures [Abstract]
Product warranty		Our non-volatile memory ("NVM") products are sold with a limited warranty for a period of one year, warranting that the product conforms to specifications and is free from material defects in design, materials and workmanship.
Product warranty period		1 year
Product warranty accrual recorded		$ 0	0
Product warranty accrual, current		$ 51	51
Products of Acquiree [Member]
Product Warranties Disclosures [Abstract]
Product warranty accrual recorded	$ 401		$ 53
Product warranty accrual				$ 453
Product warranty accrual, current				186
Product warranty accrual, noncurrent				$ 267

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentrations Risk - Accounts Receivable (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer C [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	47.00%	45.00%

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
(Benefit from) income taxes	$ (103)	$ (31)

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Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 08, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of borrowings			$ 437
Common Stock Warrants [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares warrants may purchase (in shares)				1,165,282	1,165,282
Exercise price (in dollars per share)				$ 6.93	$ 8.11
Common Stock Warrants, Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Warrant [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)	1
Number of shares warrants may purchase (in shares)	850,000			850,000	850,000
Number of shares each warrant may purchase (in shares)	850,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 8.62			$ 8.62	$ 8.30
Term of warrant	6 years
Secured Debt [Member] | Common Stock Warrants, Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Warrant [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium		$ 800
Prepayment premium as percentage of the outstanding loan balance (as a percent)		2.00%
Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Term Loan [Member] | Secured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 35,000
Borrowings mature date	May 08, 2022
Debt instrument, interest rate spread above otherwise applicable interest rate (as a percent)	2.00%
Financing costs paid	$ 1,400
Unamortized debt discount	$ 4,800
Repayment of borrowings		$ 33,800
Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Term Loan [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	8.75%

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Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 49,384	$ 49,384
Accumulated amortization	22,064	20,276
Net carrying amount	27,320	29,108
Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	16,032	16,032
Accumulated amortization	7,734	6,905
Net carrying amount	8,298	9,127
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	28,411	28,411
Accumulated amortization	10,489	9,608
Net carrying amount	17,922	18,803
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | Certain Flash Memory Product Assets from Atmel Corporation [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	2,779	2,779
Accumulated amortization	2,779	2,779
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	210	210
Accumulated amortization	210	210
Non-compete Agreements [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	662	662
Accumulated amortization	635	588
Net carrying amount	27	74
Trademarks [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	1,290	1,290
Accumulated amortization	217	186
Net carrying amount	$ 1,073	$ 1,104

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Stock-based Compensation - Options Granted and Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Options Granted (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Weighted-average grant date fair value of the options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 3.57
Options granted (in shares)	0	189,856	479,375

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Shares
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	1,929,391		1,865,415	1,560,453
Granted (in shares)		0	189,856	479,375
Exercised (in shares)	(299,737)		(112,647)	(112,965)
Cancelled (in shares)	(3,410)		(13,233)	(61,448)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	1,626,244		1,929,391	1,865,415	1,560,453
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 4.84		$ 4.63	$ 3.63
Granted (in dollars per share)			6.16	7.25
Exercised (in dollars per share)	3.91		3.36	2.48
Cancelled (in dollars per share)	6.94		6.53	3.65
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 5.01		$ 4.84	$ 4.63	$ 3.63
Additional information
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	6 years 10 months 24 days		6 years 10 months 24 days	7 years 7 months 6 days	7 years 7 months 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 10,057		$ 7,146	$ 1,540	$ 4,632
Options vested and exercisable, end of period (in shares)	1,034,771
Options vested and exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 4.42
Options vested and exercisable	6 years 3 months 18 days
Options vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2018	$ 7,002
Vested and expected to vest
Options vested and expected to vest, end of period (in shares)	1,582,822
Options vested and expected to vest, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 4.97
Options vested and expected to vest	6 years 10 months 24 days
Options vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2018	$ 9,849

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Fair Value Measurements - Earn-out Liability - General Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Valuation Technique and Input, Description [Abstract]
Earn-out liability, valuation technique	us-gaap:IncomeApproachValuationTechniqueMember	us-gaap:IncomeApproachValuationTechniqueMember
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Valuation Technique and Input, Description [Abstract]
Earn-out liability	$ 2,000	$ 2,911

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Nature of Operations

Organization and Nature of Operations.

Adesto Technologies Corporation (together with its subsidiaries; “Adesto”, “we”, “our”, “us” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of California in January 2006 and reincorporated in Delaware in October 2015. We are a leading provider of innovative, application-specific semiconductor and systems for the Internet of Things era. Our corporate headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California.

On May 9, 2018 we acquired 100% of the issued capital of S3 Asic Semiconductors Limited and on September 14, 2018 we acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon Corporation. Our financial results include the operating results of those entities from the date of acquisition.

On February 20, 2020, we entered into a definitive merger agreement with Dialog Semiconductor plc (“Dialog”), a company incorporated in England and Wales. According to the terms of the merger, Dialog will acquire 100% of the issued capital of the Company (see Note 17, “Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc”).

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10 Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP to complete annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of our management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company and its results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, for any other interim period or for any other future year.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2020.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of our operations, and the operations of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies described in Note 1, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, except as described below..

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. As part of the FASB's disclosure framework project, it has eliminated, amended and added disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of, and reasons for, transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy of timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. Public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  This ASU was adopted on January 1, 2020 and changed disclosure requirements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. This ASU was adopted on January 1, 2020 and did not have an impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326):  Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses.  Subsequent to the issuance of ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvement to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.  The subsequent ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU No. 2016-13.  Instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within ASU No. 2016-13.

Additionally, ASU No. 2019-10 defers the effective date for the adoption of the new standard on credit losses for public filers that are considered small reporting companies (“SRC”) as defined by the SEC to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which will be fiscal 2023 for the Company if it continues to be classified as a SRC.  In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, which provides guidance regarding methodologies, documentation, and internal controls related to expected credit losses.  The subsequent amendments will have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU No. 2016-13.  Early adoption is permitted.  Topic 326 requires a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.  While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of Topic 326, Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and the related disclosures.

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from contracts with customers.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales of products with alternative use account for the majority of our revenue and are recognized at a point in time, the timing of such recognition remained the same under Topic 606.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer and deposited with the relevant government authority, are excluded from revenue. Our revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components.

Revenue is recognized over a period of time when it is assessed that performance obligations are satisfied over a period rather than at a point in time. When any of the following criteria is fulfilled, revenue is recognized over a period of time:

(a)	The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the performance as Adesto performs.
(b)	Adesto’s performance creates or enhances an asset (for example, work in process) that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced.
(c)	Adesto’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use, and Adesto has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

If revenue is recognized over a period of time, we would then select an appropriate method for measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, usually costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation. Typically, our revenue from NVM and Embedded Systems products is recognized at a point in time. Revenues from our ASIC and IP solutions products are generally recognized over of period of time.

Sales to certain distributors are made under arrangements which provide the distributors with price adjustments, price protection, stock rotation and other allowances under certain circumstances. These adjustments and allowances are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenue recognized. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

If a customer pays consideration, or Adesto has a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional before we transfer a good or service to the customer, those amounts are classified as deferred income/ advances received from customers which are included in other current liabilities or other long-term liabilities when the payment is made or it is due, whichever is earlier.

If the arrangement includes variable contingent consideration, we recognize revenue over time if we can reasonably measure its progress, or we are capable of providing reliable information that would be required to apply an appropriate method of measuring progress. To date, we have not had any arrangements incorporating contingent consideration.

Sales commissions are owed and are recorded at the time of sell through of our products to end customers. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Company has entered into, and will continue to enter into, development agreements. Typically, revenue is recognized over time on a percentage of completion basis based on resources expended to date as compared to budgeted resources. Cost associated with these contracts can be classified as cost of revenue or research and development expense depending on the terms of the contract.

The Company has entered into, and will continue to enter into, development agreements. Typically, revenue is recognized over time on a percentage of completion basis based on resources expended to date as compared to budgeted resources. Cost associated with these contracts can be classified as cost of revenue or research and development expense depending on the terms of the contract.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Timing of Revenue Recognition.

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
	2020		2019
Products transferred at a point in time	$	18,009	$	24,135
Products and services transferred over time		2,012		3,978
	$	20,021	$	28,113

The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as accounts receivable, unbilled and our contract liabilities which we classify as deferred revenue:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
	(in thousands)
Contract assets:
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$	5,593	$	4,795	$	798
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	224	$	415	$	(191)

Accounts receivable, unbilled represents revenue recognized on certain development contracts for which invoicing has not yet occurred based on the terms of the development contract. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $5.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, classified as unbilled accounts receivable within accounts receivable.

Deferred revenue represents amounts invoiced to customers for certain development contracts for which revenue has yet to be recognized based on actual development hours performed. Typically, the timing of invoicing is based on the terms of the contract. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of deferred revenue classified as accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not result in any change in previously reported total assets, stockholders’ equity or net loss.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate those estimates, including those related to allowances for doubtful accounts, price adjustments and other revenue reserves, warranty accrual, inventory write-downs, valuation of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, loss on purchase commitments, valuation of deferred taxes and contingencies. In addition, we use assumptions when employing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to value certain restricted stock units with market-based vesting conditions. We base our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Product Warranty

Product Warranty.

Our non-volatile memory (“NVM”) products are sold with a limited warranty for a period of one year, warranting that the product conforms to specifications and is free from material defects in design, materials and workmanship. To date, we have had insignificant returns of any defective production parts. During 2019 and the first three months of 2020 we did not record any additional liability related to potential warranty claims. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the warranty accrual related to NVM products was $51,000 and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

At the time of the Echelon acquisition we recorded a warranty liability of $401,000 related to Echelon products. For the period ended December 31, 2018 we recorded an increase in the warranty liability of $53,000. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the warranty accrual related to Echelon products was $453,000 of which $186,000 was recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and $267,000 is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. 

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation.

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. In consolidation, we translate assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date. We translate revenue and expense accounts at the average exchange rates during the period in which the transaction takes place. Net gains and losses from foreign currency translation of assets and liabilities were losses of $319,000 and $128,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 respectively, and are included in the cumulative translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, a component of stockholders’ equity. Net gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency were a gain of $271,000 and a loss of $97,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Concentration of Risk

Concentration of Risk.

Our products are primarily manufactured, assembled and tested by third-party foundries and other contractors in Asia and we are heavily dependent on a single foundry in Taiwan for the manufacture of wafers and a single contractor in the Philippines for assembly and testing of our products. We do not have long-term agreements with either of these suppliers. A significant disruption in the operations of these parties would adversely impact the production of our products for a substantial period of time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivables. We place substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and investments on deposit with three reputable, high credit quality financial institutions in the United States of America. We believe that the banks that holds substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and are investments is financially sound and, accordingly, subject to minimal credit risk. Deposits held with the banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.

We generally do not require collateral or other security in support of accounts receivable. We periodically review the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $60,000 and $60,000, respectively.

Customer concentrations as a percentage of revenue, net were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Customer A	*	%	26	%
Customer B	12	%	*	%

*less than 10%

Customer concentrations as a percentage of gross accounts receivable were as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Customer C	47	%	45	%

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Note 15. Related Party Transactions.

The Company purchases certain wafers from Altis Semiconductor S.N.C., which was acquired by X-FAB Silicon Foundries, a stockholder of the Company, in 2016. There were no payments to X-Fab Silicon Foundries during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no amounts due.

On July 27, 2019, Susan Uthayakumar, the president of Schneider Electric, Canada joined the Company’s board of directors. The Company, through Echelon, sells Embedded Systems products to Schneider Electric. From September 14, 2018 (the date on which the Company acquired 100% of the issued capital of Echelon) and through the period ending March 31, 2020, the Company has recognized revenues of approximately $0.6 million from Schneider Electric. As of March 31, 2020 we had approximately $11,000 of outstanding accounts receivable with Schneider Electric.

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan

Note 11. Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan.

Common Stock.

We are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock with $0.0001 par value per share as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share. As of March 31, 2020, no dividends have been declared by the Board of Directors, however, the holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends, when and if declared by our Board of Directors.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,  we had reserved shares of common stock for future issuances as follows:

	March 31,	December 31,
	2020	2019
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,165,282	1,165,282
Options outstanding	1,626,244	1,929,391
Restricted stock units outstanding	2,253,181	1,451,507
Shares available for future grants	557,671	288,813
Shares available for ESPP	547,513	373,428
Shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Notes	8,885,204	8,885,204
Total	15,035,095	14,093,625

Common Stock Warrants.

In connection with the Credit Agreement (Note 7), the Company issued Tennenbaum a warrant to purchase 850,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.62 per share with a term of six years.

The following common stock warrants were outstanding:

As of March 31, 2020
Total amount of securities issuable
under the outstanding warrants	Exercise Price		Issuance Date	Expiration Date
315,282	$	2.38	2014-2015	2022-2024
850,000	$	8.62	2018	2024
1,165,282	$	6.93

Common stock warrants are exercisable at the option of the holder any time after the date of issuance into shares of our common stock.

Employee Benefit Plans.

2007 Equity Incentive Plan.

In 2007, our Board of Directors and shareholders approved the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) under which 272,727 shares of common stock were reserved and available for the issuance of stock options and restricted stock to eligible participants. The 2007 Plan was subsequently amended to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2007 Plan to 787,878 and during the year ended December 31, 2015, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2007 Plan was increased to 2,651,515. Options and restricted stock awards were granted at a price per share not less than the 85% of the fair value at the date of grant or award, respectively. Restricted stock awarded to persons controlling more than 10% of our stock were granted at a price per share not less than the 100% of the fair value at the date of the award. Options that were granted to new employees generally vest over a four-year period with 25% vesting at the end of one year and the remaining to vest monthly thereafter, while options that were granted to existing employees generally vest over a four-year period. Options granted generally are exercisable up to 10 years from the date of grant. As of October 26, 2015, no shares were available for grant under the 2007 Plan and all outstanding options would continue to be governed and remain outstanding in accordance with their existing terms. In addition, any shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2007 Plan that are issuable upon the exercise of options that expire or become unexercisable for any reason without having been exercised in full will be available for future grant and issuance under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

In September 2015, our Board of Directors adopted, and in October 2015 our stockholders approved, our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. The 2015 Equity Incentive Plan became effective on the date immediately prior to the date of our initial public offering (“IPO”). As a result, 1,813,272 shares of common stock previously reserved but unissued under the 2007 Plan on the effective date of the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan became reserved for issuance under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, and we ceased granting awards under our 2007 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January of each of 2016 through 2025 by the number of shares equal to 4% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31. However, our Board of Directors may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year.

Our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance awards and stock bonuses. No person will be eligible to receive more than 2,000,000 shares in any calendar year under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan other than a new employee of ours, who will be eligible to receive no more than 4,000,000 shares under the plan in the calendar year in which the employee commences employment. The aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be subject to awards granted to any one non-employee director pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan in any calendar year shall not exceed 300,000. Our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan provides that no more than 25,000,000 shares will be issued as incentive stock options.

2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

In September 2015, our Board of Directors adopted, and in October 2015 our stockholders approved, our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan became effective on the date of our IPO. We reserved 150,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January following the first offering date by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31 (rounded to the nearest whole share). However, our Board of Directors may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year. The aggregate number of shares issued over the term of our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will not exceed 2,250,000 shares of our common stock.

Under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, eligible employees will be able to acquire shares of our common stock by accumulating funds through payroll deductions. Eligible employees will be able to select a rate of payroll deduction up to 15% of their base cash compensation. The purchase price for shares of our common stock purchased under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. Except for the first offering period, each offering period will run for no more than six months, with purchases occurring every six months. The first offering period began upon the effective date of our IPO and was originally set to end on June 30, 2016. On May 25, 2016, the Board of Directors extended the initial offering period to July 31, 2016. Subsequent purchase periods will be 6 months in duration beginning on August 1, 2016. On July 29, 2016, we issued 68,392 shares of common stock in conjunction with the end date of the initial purchase window. During 2017, we issued 110,711 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On January 31, 2018 we issued 55,806 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On July 31, 2018 we issued 69,761 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On January 31, 2019 we issued 129,815 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP. On July 31, 2019 we issued 154,116 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP.  On January 31, 2020 we issued 128,601 shares of common stock in conjunction with the end date of the latest purchase window.

No participant will have the right to purchase shares of our common stock in an amount that has a fair market value greater than $25,000, determined as of the first day of the applicable purchase period, for each calendar year in which that right is outstanding. In addition, no participant will be permitted to purchase more than 2,500 shares during any one purchase period or a lesser amount as determined by our compensation committee.

Our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will continue until the earlier to occur of its termination by our Board of Directors, the issuance of all shares reserved for issuance under it or the tenth anniversary of its effective date.

A summary of stock option and RSUs (including performance-based RSU) activity under the 2007 Plan and the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan is as follows:

	Stock Options
				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
		Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		Term (Years)	Value
	(aggregate intrinsic value in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	1,560,453	$	3.63	7.6	$	4,632
Granted	479,375		7.25
Exercised	(112,965)		2.48
Canceled	(61,448)		3.65
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,865,415		4.63	7.6	$	1,540
Granted	189,856		6.16
Exercised	(112,647)		3.36
Canceled	(13,233)		6.53
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,929,391		4.84	6.9	$	7,146
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(299,737)		3.91
Canceled	(3,410)		6.94
Outstanding as of  March 31, 2020	1,626,244	$	5.01	6.9	$	10,057
Options vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2020	1,582,822	$	4.97	6.9	$	9,849
Options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2020	1,034,771	$	4.42	6.3	$	7,002

	Restricted Stock Units
				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
		Grant Date		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Fair Value		Term (Years)	Value
	(aggregate intrinsic value in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	509,894	$	2.84	1.4	$	3,288
Granted	925,578		6.55
Released	(264,568)		4.02
Forfeited/expired	(15,924)		8.34
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,154,980		5.50	1.4	$	5,082
Granted	978,851		6.35
Released	(512,703)		5.31
Forfeited/expired	(169,621)		5.15
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,451,507		6.18	1.3	$	12,314
Granted	958,825		7.88
Released	(143,625)		5.40
Forfeited/expired	(13,526)		7.67
Outstanding as of March 31, 2020	2,253,181	$	6.94	1.5	$	25,182

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Borrowings

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowings

Note 7. Borrowings.

Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Term Loan.

On May 8, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement with Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“Tennenbaum”) (“Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a first lien senior secured term loan of $35.0 million (“Term Loan”). The Term Loan bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the Libor Rate plus 8.75% and was payable in consecutive quarterly installments starting December 31, 2018. The Term Loan was scheduled to mature on May 8, 2022.  The Credit Agreement provided that any indebtedness we incurred thereunder was collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company and any domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain customary exceptions.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, contained customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum consolidated leverage ratios and minimum liquidity. Upon an occurrence of an event of default, under the Credit Facility we could have been required to pay interest on all outstanding obligations under the agreement at a rate of 2% above the otherwise applicable interest rate, and the lender may have accelerated our obligations under the agreement.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, Tennenbaum received a warrant to purchase 850,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.62 and a term of six years. In addition, we paid financing costs of $1.4 million. The financing costs and the value of the warrant, $4.8 million, were recorded as a debt discount and were being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement.

Borrowings of $33.8 million under this facility were repaid in full in September 2019. In addition, the Company was required to pay a prepayment premium of $0.8 million which represented 2% of the outstanding loan balance.

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Merger with Dialog Semiconductor plc (Details) - Forecast [Member] $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Aug. 20, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger consideration, right to receive cash per share | $ / shares	$ 12.55
Termination fee if merger agreement	$ 15,760
Termination fee if merger is not consummated	$ 15,760

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Balance Sheet Components

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

Note 3. Balance Sheet Components.

Accounts Receivable, Net.

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts receivable	$	32,541	$	35,757
Accounts receivable, unbilled		5,593		4,795
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(60)		(60)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	38,074	$	40,492

Inventories.

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	1,843	$	6,081
Work-in-process		10,051		6,715
Finished goods		10,316		7,227
Total inventories	$	22,210	$	20,023

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not record any additional write-downs related to excess inventory. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a write-down of $0.3 million related to excess inventory.

Inventory write-downs are primarily associated with products built in excess of customer demand which resulted in excess inventory levels, legacy products for which no demand exists, lower of cost or net realizable value write-downs associated with products for which costs exceeded net realizable value, and write-downs associated with the closing of the Echelon lighting business.

Property and Equipment, Net.

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Machinery and equipment	$	17,057	$	17,522
Leasehold improvements		4,444		4,445
Computer software		4,791		4,142
Furniture and fixtures		744		733
Construction in progress		299		115
Property and equipment, at cost		27,335		26,957
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,537)		(18,844)
Property and equipment, net	$	7,798	$	8,113

The Company incurs costs for the fabrication of masks used by its foundry partners to manufacture its products. Beginning the first fiscal quarter of 2017, the Company capitalizes mask costs that are expected to be utilized in production manufacturing as the Company’s product development process has become more predictable and thus supports capitalization of the mask. The capitalized mask costs begin depreciating to cost of revenue once the products go into production. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over a three- year period which is the expected useful life of the mask. Previously mask sets were expensed to research and development.

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accrued sales commission payable	$	258	$	389
Accrued manufacturing expenses		1,686		1,106
Liabilities to certain customers		2,242		4,144
Warranty reserve		504		513
Income tax payable		513		132
Deferred revenue, current portion		224		415
Interest payable		171		950
Other accrued liabilities		1,508		1,719
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,106	$	9,368

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Product Revenue from Customers Based on Geographic Region

Product revenue from customers is designated based on the geographic region to which the product is delivered. Revenue by geographic region was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	3,006	$	7,470
Rest of Americas		485		1,861
Europe		3,454		4,788
Asia Pacific		13,008		13,716
Rest of world		68		278
Total	$	20,021	$	28,113

Schedule of Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Region

Long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic region where they are located. Long-lived assets by geographic region were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	3,191	$	3,248
Asia Pacific		3,831		4,093
Europe		776		772
Total property and equipment, net	$	7,798	$	8,113

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	1,985	$	2,078
Asia Pacific		171		185
Europe		1,962		2,037
Total operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,118	$	4,300

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020	2019
Stock options	1,626,244	2,018,469
Restricted stock units	2,253,181	1,346,031
Common stock warrants	1,165,282	1,239,423
Shares from the convertible senior notes	6,705,819	—
	11,750,526	4,603,923

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Balance Sheet Components - Property and Equipment - Useful Lives (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Tools, Dies and Molds [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	3 years

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Balance Sheet Components - Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts Receivable, Net, Current [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 32,541	$ 35,757
Accounts receivable, unbilled	5,593	4,795
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(60)	(60)
Total accounts receivable, net	$ 38,074	$ 40,492

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	30,816,165	30,268,685
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	30,816,165	30,268,685

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Convertible Notes - Equity and Liability Components (Details) - Convertible Notes Payable [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 23, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 80,500	$ 80,500
Unamortized discount	(20,908)
Unamortized issuance costs	(2,328)	$ (3,500)
Total convertible senior notes	57,264
Equity component , net of issuance costs	$ 21,662

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Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases - Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$ 473	$ 551
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		$ 0

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - Common Stock Warrants - Warrant Issued (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	May 08, 2018
Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Term Loan [Member] | Secured Debt [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Unamortized debt discount			$ 4.8
Common Stock Warrants, Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)			1
Number of shares warrants may purchase (in shares)	850,000	850,000	850,000
Number of shares each warrant may purchase (in shares)			850,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 8.62	$ 8.30	$ 8.62
Term of warrant			6 years

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (11,015)	$ (7,060)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	1,925	1,075
Depreciation and amortization	997	646
Amortization of intangible assets	1,788	1,788
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	675	401
Deferred income taxes	(82)	(75)
Changes in fair value of earn-out liability	(911)	(320)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	2,418	(9)
Inventories	(2,187)	1,992
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(384)	(301)
Other non-current assets	(316)	176
Accounts payable	2,112	545
Accrued compensation and benefits	(3,338)	57
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(2,262)	756
Price adjustments and other revenue reserves	(187)	1
Other non-current liabilities	(365)	(303)
Net cash used in operating activities	(11,132)	(631)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment	(1,114)	(600)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate	(112)	(4)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,226)	(604)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan	1,949	570
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(246)	(85)
Payments on term loan		(437)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,703	48
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(598)	203
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(11,253)	(984)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of year	21,722	9,088
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of year	10,469	8,104
Supplemental disclosures of other cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest expense	1,531	981
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing information:
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$ 711	$ 165

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Segment Information - Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Region - Right-of-use Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	$ 4,118	$ 4,300
United States [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	1,985	2,078
Asia Pacific [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	171	185
Europe [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	$ 1,962	$ 2,037

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Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases - Present Value of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Operating Lease Liabilities, Gross Difference, Amount [Abstract]
Total lease payments	$ 7,945
Less: Interest	(2,279)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 5,666

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - USD ($)							1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jan. 31, 2018	Jul. 29, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)								15,035,095		14,093,625
Employee Stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)							150,000	547,513		373,428
Employee stock purchase plan description								The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January following the first offering date by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31 (rounded to the nearest whole share).
Percentage threshold of outstanding shares increased annually under the plan (as a percent)							1.00%
Common stock shares authorized for issuance (in shares)							2,250,000
Payroll deduction (as a percent)								15.00%
Percentage of fair market value of common stock (as a percent)								85.00%
Shares issued (in shares)	128,601	154,116	129,815	69,761	55,806	68,392			110,711
Maximum fair market value, that would permit employee to purchase common stock under plan								$ 25,000
Maximum number of shares issued each participants (in shares)								2,500

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		10 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 14, 2018
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to related party	$ 0	$ 0
Accounts payable to related party	0			$ 0
Revenue from related parties			$ 600
Accounts receivable from related party	$ 11
Echelon Corporation [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of issued capital acquired (as a percent)					100.00%

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Convertible Notes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Senior Notes

Note 8. Convertible Notes.

On September 23, 2019, the Company completed offering of $80.5 million aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the "Notes"). The Notes were sold pursuant to an indenture, dated September 23, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association (the “Trustee”), referred to herein as the “Indenture.” The Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes pay interest at a rate equal to 4.25% per year. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning March 15, 2020. Interest accrues on the Notes from the last date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for or, if no interest has been paid or duly provided for, from September 23, 2019. Unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased, the Notes mature on September 15, 2024.

The implied estimated effective rate of the liability component of the Notes is 12.3%.  

The Notes are convertible into Company common stock at an initial conversion rate of 83.3021 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to adjustment upon certain events.

The Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at the option of the holder, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 15, 2024, but only in the following circumstances:

(1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price on such trading day;

(2) during the five business day period immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (the five consecutive trading day period being referred to as the ‘‘measurement period’’) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on such trading day;

(3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events, including fundamental changes (as described in the Indenture); or

(4) if the Company calls the Notes for redemption.

In addition, regardless of the foregoing circumstances, holders may convert their Notes at any time on or after June 15, 2024 and prior to the close of business on the day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Notes. Upon conversion, the Company may elect to settle by paying or delivering either solely cash, shares of Company common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock.

In accordance with ASC 470-20, the initial measurement of the Notes at fair value resulted in a liability of $57.9 million, as such, the calculated discount resulted in an implied value of the convertible feature recognized in Capital in excess of Par Value of $22.6 million. Issuance costs include initial purchasers’ discounts of $3.22 million and other costs of $0.3 million amounting to $3.5 million were allocated to components on a ratable basis as follows; Additional Paid-In Capital, $1.0 million, and Convertible Notes, $2.5 million.

The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, restricts the Company’s ability to merge, consolidate or sell, or otherwise dispose of, all or substantially all of its assets. These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions.

The Indenture contains customary Events of Default (as defined in the Indenture), including default in the event the Company fails to pay interest on the Notes when due, and such failure continues for 30 days, or the Company fails to pay the principal of the Notes when due, including at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise; failure to comply with covenants and other obligations under the Indenture, including delivery of required notices and obligations in connection with conversion, in certain cases subject to notice and grace periods; payment defaults and accelerations with respect to other indebtedness of the Company and its significant subsidiaries in the aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million or more; failure by the Company or its significant subsidiaries to pay certain final judgments aggregating in excess of $15.0 million within 60 consecutive days of such final judgment; and specified events involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company or its significant subsidiaries.

Upon an Event of Default, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. In the case of Events of Default relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable immediately without further action or notice.

On September 18, 2019, in connection with the pricing of the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Base Capped Call Transactions”) with each of Credit Suisse Capital LLC and Société Générale (the “option counterparties).  On September 19, 2019, in connection with the exercise of the option in full by the initial purchasers, Adesto entered into additional privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Additional Capped Call Transactions,” and together with the Base Capped Call Transactions, the “Capped Call Transactions”) with each of the option counterparties.

The Capped Call Transactions relating to the Notes will initially cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of common stock that initially underlie the Notes.  The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions is initially $15.86 per share of common stock, representing a premium of 75.0% above the last reported sales price of $9.06 per share of common stock on September 18, 2019, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions.  The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the common stock as a result of any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments that Adesto would be required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price.

In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the Capped Call Transactions, the Company expects that the option counterparties or their respective affiliates will purchase shares of common stock and/or enter into various derivative transactions with respect to common stock concurrently with, or shortly after, the pricing of the Notes.  This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) the market price of common stock or Notes at that time.

In addition, the Company expects that the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to common stock and/or purchasing or selling common stock in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the Notes and prior to the maturity of the Notes.  This activity could cause or avoid an increase or decrease in the market price of common stock or the Notes which could affect holders’ ability to convert the Notes.

The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions entered into by Adesto with the option counterparties, are not part of the terms of the Notes, and will not affect any holder’s rights under the Notes.  Holders of the Notes will not have any right with respect to the Capped Calls Transactions.  The premium paid for the purchase of the capped calls in the amount of $6.2 million has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and will not be remeasured.

The following table summarizes information about the equity and liability components of the Notes (in thousands): 

	March 31,
	2020
Principal amount	$	80,500
Unamortized discount		(20,908)
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,328)
Total convertible senior notes	$	57,264
Equity component, net of issuance costs	$	21,662

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We measure financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices which are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.

Level 3. Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and which are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
			Significant
	Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
	Active Markets		Observable		Unobservable
	for Identical		Inputs		Inputs
	Assets (Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
	(in thousands)
As of March 31, 2020
Assets:
Money market funds	$	504	$	—	$	—	$	504
U.S. government securities		300		—		—		300
	$	804	$	—	$	—	$	804
Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000
As of December 31, 2019
Assets:
Money market funds	$	460	$	—	$	—	$	460
U.S. government securities		300		—		—		300
	$	760	$	—	$	—	$	760
Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	—	$	—	$	2,911	$	2,911

As of March 31, 2020, we had an earn-out liability of $2.0 million, all of which related to the acquisition of S3 Semiconductors, which was completed in May 2018 (see Note 2). The earn-out liability was calculated using the present value of a probability weighted income approach.  During the three months ended March 31, 2020 we reached a settlement on the final amount of the earn-out liability and reduced the balance to $2.0 million.

Changes in the earn-out liability during 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	2,911
Acquisitions		—
Change in fair value		(911)
Change in foreign currency exchange rate		—
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	2,000

The Company’s cash equivalents include U.S. government securities with a minimum and weighted average credit rating of A-1+. The Company values these securities based on pricing from pricing vendors, who may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value. As of March 31, 2020 the Company classified all of its fixed income securities as having Level 1 inputs. The Company's procedures include controls to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded by comparing prices obtained from a third party independent source.

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Stock-based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation

Note 12. Stock-based Compensation.

We record stock-based compensation based on fair value as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options granted and Monte Carlo simulation techniques for certain RSUs with performance-based vesting conditions. We recognize such costs as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the employee’s requisite service period, which is generally four years. Our valuation assumptions are as follows:

Risk-free interest rate. We base the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent expected term of the options for each option group.

Expected term. The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumption is based on the simplified method in which the expected term is equal to the average of the stock-based award’s weighted-average vesting period and its contractual term. We expect to continue using the simplified method until sufficient information about historical behavior is available.

Volatility. We determine volatility based on the historical stock volatility of our publicly traded stock.

Dividend yield. We have never declared or paid any cash dividend and do not currently plan to pay a cash dividend in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine fair value of stock options:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2019
Volatility	66	%
Expected dividend yield	—
Risk-free rate	2.27	%
Expected term (in years)	6

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the options granted under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was $3.57 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019. There were no options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

On March 25, 2019, our compensation committee granted 147,954 RSUs that do not begin vesting unless certain performance goals are met. Vesting of these shares will not begin unless the stock price performance goals are met and the number of shares eligible to begin vesting are based on Adesto’s share performance as compared to the Russell 2000 stock index which is the performance threshold established by the compensation committee. The evaluation period for the stock performance is from March 15, 2019 through March 15, 2020. Vesting would begin on the one-year anniversary of the grant date with 20% of the shares vesting immediately and the remaining 80% of the shares vesting over the next eight quarters. As a result of these performance-based vesting conditions we valued these RSUs using Monte Carlo simulation techniques to establish a fair value per share of $4.05 at the time of grant. Expense for these RSUs is being amortized over three years.  As of March 15, 2020 it was determined that the performance criteria had been met and that these RSU’s had been earned and would begin vesting.

On February 17, 2019, our compensation committee granted 97,087 RSUs that do not begin vesting unless certain performance goals are met. Vesting of these shares will not begin unless the stock price performance goals are met and the number of shares eligible to begin vesting are based on Adesto’s share performance as compared to the Russell 2000 stock index which is the performance threshold established by the compensation committee. The evaluation period for the stock performance is from January 31, 2020 through January 31, 2021. Vesting would begin on January 31, 2021 with 25% of the shares vesting every six months over two years.  As a result of these performance-based vesting conditions we valued these RSUs using Monte Carlo simulation techniques to establish a fair value per share of $10.75 at the time of grant. Expense for these RSUs is being amortized over three years.

The following table presents the effects of stock-based compensation for stock options, RSUs (including performance-based RSUs), and ESPP purchase rights (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	142	$	65
Research and development		696		389
Selling, general and administrative		1,087		621
Total	$	1,925	$	1,075

Stock-based compensation expense capitalized to inventories was not material during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

We did not realize any income tax benefit from stock option exercises in any of the periods presented due to recurring losses and valuation allowances.

As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, was approximately $1.9 million, and this amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs (including performance-based RSUs) and ESPP purchase rights was $12.1 million and $0.2 million respectively, and these amounts are expected to be recognized over 2.5 years and 0.3 years, respectively.

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Convertible Notes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Equity and Liability Components of Notes

The following table summarizes information about the equity and liability components of the Notes (in thousands): 

	March 31,
	2020
Principal amount	$	80,500
Unamortized discount		(20,908)
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,328)
Total convertible senior notes	$	57,264
Equity component, net of issuance costs	$	21,662

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Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Value Options

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2019
Volatility	66	%
Expected dividend yield	—
Risk-free rate	2.27	%
Expected term (in years)	6

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation for Stock Options, Restricted Stock Units and ESPP Shares

The following table presents the effects of stock-based compensation for stock options, RSUs (including performance-based RSUs), and ESPP purchase rights (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	142	$	65
Research and development		696		389
Selling, general and administrative		1,087		621
Total	$	1,925	$	1,075

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Balance Sheet Components - Property and Equipment - Depreciation and Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 997	$ 646

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Balance Sheet Components - Inventories - Tabular Disclosure (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventory, Net [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 1,843	$ 6,081
Work-in-process	10,051	6,715
Finished goods	10,316	7,227
Total inventories	$ 22,210	$ 20,023

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Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases - Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Maturity of operating lease liabilities
2020 (remaining 9 months)	$ 1,512
2021	1,691
2022	1,552
2023	1,015
2024	221
Thereafter	1,954
Total lease payments	$ 7,945

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Oct. 26, 2015
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	15,035,095	14,093,625
2015 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)			1,813,272
Stock option grants description	The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January of each of 2016 through 2025 by the number of shares equal to 4% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31.
Percentage threshold of outstanding shares increased annually under the plan (as a percent)	4.00%
Incentive stock options, maximum shares that may be issued (in shares)	25,000,000
Existing Employee [Member] | 2015 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock shares authorized for issuance (in shares)	2,000,000
New Employee [Member] | 2015 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock shares authorized for issuance (in shares)	4,000,000
Non Employee Director [Member] | 2015 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock shares authorized for issuance (in shares)	300,000

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Convertible Notes - Capped Calls (Details) - Capped Call [Member] $ in Millions	Sep. 18, 2019 USD ($) $ / item
Derivative [Line Items]
Cap price (in dollars per unit)	15.86
Premium above the last reported sales price (as a percent)	75.00%
Sales price (in dollars per unit)	9.06
Premium paid for the purchase of the capped calls | $	$ 6.2

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Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases - Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Mar. 31, 2020
Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	7 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate	11.56%

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details) - shares	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2015
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	15,035,095	14,093,625
Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	8,885,204	8,885,204
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	1,626,244	1,929,391
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	2,253,181	1,451,507
Shares available for future grants (in shares)	557,671	288,813
Employee Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	547,513	373,428	150,000
Common Stock Warrants [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock (in shares)	1,165,282	1,165,282

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 3	$ 184,158	$ (135)	$ (121,284)	$ 62,742
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	29,442,065
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
ASC 842 adoption adjustment				248	248
Options exercised		26			26
Options exercised (in shares)	9,712
Employee stock purchase plan		544			544
Employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	129,815
Restricted stock units, net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards		(85)			(85)
Restricted stock units, net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards (in shares)	66,995
Stock-based compensation		1,075			1,075
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(128)		(128)
Net loss				(7,060)	(7,060)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 3	185,718	(263)	(128,096)	57,362
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	29,648,587
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 3	184,158	(135)	(121,284)	$ 62,742
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	29,442,065
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Options exercised (in shares)					112,647
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 3	206,356	309	(147,892)	$ 58,776
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	30,268,685				30,268,685
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Options exercised		1,172			$ 1,172
Options exercised (in shares)	299,737				299,737
Employee stock purchase plan		777			$ 777
Employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	128,601
Restricted stock units, net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards		(246)			(246)
Restricted stock units, net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards (in shares)	119,142
Stock-based compensation		1,925			1,925
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(319)		(319)
Net loss				(11,015)	(11,015)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 3	$ 209,984	$ (10)	$ (158,907)	$ 51,070
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020	30,816,165				30,816,165

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Segment Information - Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Region - Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 7,798	$ 8,113
United States [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	3,191	3,248
Asia Pacific [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	3,831	4,093
Europe [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 776	$ 772

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition - Contract Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$ 5,593	$ 4,795
Contract assets, change	798
Contract with Customer, Liability [Abstract]
Deferred revenue	224	$ 415
Contract liabilities, change	$ (191)

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentrations Risk - Revenue (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk [Member] - Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service Benchmark [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Customer A [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)		26.00%
Customer B [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	12.00%

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Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense, acquisition related intangible assets	$ 1,788	$ 1,788
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense, acquisition related intangible assets	828	828
Sales and Marketing [Member]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense, acquisition related intangible assets	$ 960	$ 960

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Stock-based Compensation - Performance-based RSUs (Details) - $ / shares			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 25, 2019	Feb. 17, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee's requisite service period			4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)			958,825	978,851	925,578
Fair value per share at the time of grant (in dollars per share)			$ 7.88	$ 6.35	$ 6.55
Outstanding units, nonvested (in shares)			2,253,181	1,451,507	1,154,980	509,894
Performance Shares [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	147,954	97,087
Vesting period		2 years
Fair value per share at the time of grant (in dollars per share)	$ 4.05	$ 10.75
Expected term (in years)	3 years	3 years
Performance Shares [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year	6 months
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	20.00%	25.00%
Performance Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	2 years	6 months
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	80.00%	25.00%
Performance Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		6 months
Vesting percentage (as a percent)		25.00%
Performance Shares [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Four [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		6 months
Vesting percentage (as a percent)		25.00%

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Common Stock, Common Stock Warrants and Stock Option Plan - Restricted Stock Units - Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Shares
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	1,451,507	1,154,980	509,894
Granted (in shares)	958,825	978,851	925,578
Released (in shares)	(143,625)	(512,703)	(264,568)
Forfeited/expired (in shares)	(13,526)	(169,621)	(15,924)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	2,253,181	1,451,507	1,154,980	509,894
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 6.18	$ 5.50	$ 2.84
Granted (in dollars per share)	7.88	6.35	6.55
Released (in dollars per share)	5.40	5.31	4.02
Forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	7.67	5.15	8.34
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 6.94	$ 6.18	$ 5.50	$ 2.84
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	1 year 6 months	1 year 3 months 18 days	1 year 4 months 24 days	1 year 4 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, end of period	$ 25,182	$ 12,314	$ 5,082	$ 3,288

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Fair Value Measurements - Earn-out Liability - Roll Forward (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 2,911
Change in fair value	(911)
Ending balance	$ 2,000

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Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	11,750,526	4,603,923
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	1,626,244	2,018,469
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	2,253,181	1,346,031
Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	6,705,819
Common Stock Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	1,165,282	1,239,423

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Convertible Notes - General Information (Details) - Convertible Notes Payable [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 23, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 80,500	$ 80,500
Interest rate (as percentage)	4.25%
Implied estimated effective rate	12.30%
Number of shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes	83.3021
Notes at fair value	$ 57,900
Capital in excess of Par Value	22,600
Initial purchasers discount	3,220
Other costs	300
Issuance costs	3,500	$ 2,328
Issuance costs relating to Additional Paid-In Capital	1,000
Convertible senior notes	$ 2,500
Percentage of aggregate principal amount of outstanding of notes due and payable	25.00%
Scenario, One [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of trading days	20 days
Percentage of conversion price (as a percent)	130.00%
Scenario, One [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total number of trading days	30 days
Scenario, Two [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of trading days	5 days
Scenario, Two [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total number of trading days	10 days
Percentage of conversion price (as a percent)	98.00%

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Timing of Revenue Recognition

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
	2020		2019
Products transferred at a point in time	$	18,009	$	24,135
Products and services transferred over time		2,012		3,978
	$	20,021	$	28,113

Schedule of Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
	(in thousands)
Contract assets:
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$	5,593	$	4,795	$	798
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	224	$	415	$	(191)

Schedule of Customer Concentration as Percentage of Total Revenue and Gross Receivable

Customer concentrations as a percentage of revenue, net were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Customer A	*	%	26	%
Customer B	12	%	*	%

*less than 10%

Customer concentrations as a percentage of gross accounts receivable were as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Customer C	47	%	45	%

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Restructuring

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring

Note 16. Restructuring

During 2019, the Company made the decision to close the lighting business which was acquired as part of the Echelon acquisition in September 2018. The lighting disposal liabilities included accrued costs for certain estimated warranty expenses, employee severance, additional inventory write-downs, additional bad debts, and additional materials at the Company’s subcontractors which have yet to be delivered.