10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ________________

Commission File Number: 001-38371

One Stop Systems, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	33-0885351
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2235 Enterprise Street #110

Escondido, California 92029

(Address of principal executive offices including Zip Code

(760) 745-9883

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former Name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	OSS	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 30, 2024, the registrant had 20,916,790 shares of common stock (par value $0.0001) outstanding.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	6
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	7
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	35
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	36
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	36
Item 5.	Other Information	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	36
	Signatures	39

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. We have presented financial statements in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Therefore, such financial statements do not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing these unaudited consolidated financial statements, management has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements were issued by filing with the SEC.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 (this "Quarterly Report"), should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024.

The results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.

3

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	Unaudited			Audited
	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,904,102		$	4,048,948
Short-term investments (Note 3)		5,955,248			7,771,820
Accounts receivable, net (Note 4)		7,406,766			8,318,247
Inventories, net (Note 5)		21,483,812			21,694,748
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		832,049			611,066
Total current assets		42,581,977			42,444,829
Property and equipment, net		2,245,647			2,370,224
Operating lease right-of use assets		1,817,582			1,922,784
Deposits and other		38,093			38,093
Deferred tax asset, net		140,848			-
Goodwill		1,489,722			1,489,722
Total Assets	$	48,313,869		$	48,265,652
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	2,671,483		$	1,201,781
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (Note 6)		3,807,045			3,202,519
Current portion of operating lease obligation (Note 9)		413,679			390,926
Current portion of notes payable (Note 7)		1,357,201			2,077,895
Total current liabilities		8,249,408			6,873,121
Deferred tax liability, net		-			44,673
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion (Note 9)		1,693,542			1,765,536
Total liabilities		9,942,950			8,683,330
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized;    20,873,070 and 20,661,341 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		2,087			2,066
Additional paid-in capital		47,613,366			47,323,673
Accumulated other comprehensive income		513,815			675,310
Accumulated deficit		(9,758,349	)		(8,418,727	)
Total stockholders’ equity		38,370,919			39,582,322
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	48,313,869		$	48,265,652

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

4

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Revenue:
Product	$	12,287,046		$	16,388,684
Customer funded development		364,740			393,210
		12,651,786			16,781,894
Cost of revenue:
Product		8,818,756			11,416,539
Customer funded development		109,737			294,593
		8,928,493			11,711,132
Gross profit		3,723,293			5,070,762
Operating expenses:
General and administrative		2,094,317			2,285,101
Marketing and selling		1,920,113			1,786,681
Research and development		970,877			1,195,328
Total operating expenses		4,985,307			5,267,110
Loss from operations		(1,262,014	)		(196,348	)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income		141,725			110,266
Interest expense		(35,342	)		(32,705	)
Other Income (expense), net		7,278			(20,223	)
Total other income, net		113,661			57,338
Loss before income taxes		(1,148,353	)		(139,010	)
Provision for income taxes		191,269			261,502
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)
Diluted	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		20,709,234			20,251,509
Diluted		20,709,234			20,251,509

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

5

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized (loss) income on short-term investments		(5,208	)		13,945
Currency translation adjustment		(156,287	)		339,090
Total other comprehensive (loss) income		(161,495	)		353,035
Comprehensive loss	$	(1,501,117	)	$	(47,477	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

6

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

	Common Stock							Accumulated Other			Accumulated			Total
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in-Capital			Comprehensive income			(Deficit) Earnings			Stockholders' Equity
Balance, January 1, 2024		20,661,341	$	2,066	$	47,323,673		$	675,310		$	(8,418,727	)		39,582,322
Stock-based compensation		-		-		408,740			-			-			408,740
Exercise of stock options, RSU's and warrants		211,729		21		127,329			-			-			127,350
Taxes paid on net issuance of employee stock options		-		-		(246,376	)		-			-			(246,376	)
Currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			(156,287	)		-			(156,287	)
Net unrealized loss on short-term investments		-		-		-			(5,208	)		-			(5,208	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-			(1,339,622	)		(1,339,622	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		20,873,070	$	2,087	$	47,613,366		$	513,815		$	(9,758,349	)	$	38,370,919

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

7

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

	Common Stock							Accumulated Other		Accumulated			Total
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in-Capital			Comprehensive income		(Deficit) Earnings			Stockholders' Equity
Balance, January 1, 2023		20,084,528	$	2,008	$	45,513,807		$	510,485	$	(1,702,551	)		44,323,749
Stock-based compensation		-		-		474,209			-		-			474,209
Exercise of stock options, RSU's and warrants		274,591		27		(27	)		-		-			-
Taxes paid on net issuance of employee stock options		-		-		(326,534	)		-		-			(326,534	)
Currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			339,090		-			339,090
Net unrealized gain on short-term investments		-		-		-			13,945		-			13,945
Net loss		-		-		-			-		(400,512	)		(400,512	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		20,359,119	$	2,035	$	45,661,455		$	863,520	$	(2,103,063	)	$	44,423,947

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

8

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes		(188,674	)		-
Disposal (Gain) on disposal of property and equipment		354			(43,243	)
Provision for bad debt		-			30,000
Warranty reserves		(15,000	)		591
Amortization of intangibles		-			15,808
Depreciation		289,547			256,465
Amortization of right-of-use assets		100,138			118,530
Inventory reserves		94,063			173,970
Stock-based compensation expense		408,740			474,209
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		842,057			1,628,801
Inventories		(66,013	)		(2,909,978	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(224,116	)		(938,797	)
Accounts payable		1,486,003			1,097,691
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		700,042			658,543
Operating lease liabilities		(44,141	)		(138,115	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,043,378			23,963
Cash flows from investing activities:
Redemption of short-term investment grade securities		1,811,364			918,609
Purchases of property and equipment, including capitalization of labor    costs for test equipment and ERP		(167,168	)		(85,085	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		1,644,196			833,524
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants		127,350			-
Payment of payroll taxes on net issuance of employee stock options		(246,376	)		(326,534	)
Proceed on borrowing of notes payable		-			-
Repayments on notes payable		(680,948	)		(199,399	)
Net cash (used in) financing activities		(799,974	)		(525,933	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		2,887,600			331,554
Effect of exchange rates on cash		(32,446	)		26,310
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		4,048,948			3,112,196
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	6,904,102		$	3,470,060

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

9

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CONTINUED

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	35,342	$	32,705
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	$	74,223	$	21,171
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash flow transactions:
Reclassification of inventories to property and equipment	$	-	$	25,797

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

10

ONE STOP SYSTEMS, INC. (OSS)

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

NOTE 1 – THE COMPANY AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Nature of Operations

One Stop Systems, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “OSS,” or the “Company”) was originally incorporated as a California corporation in 1999, after initially being formed as a California limited liability company in 1998. On December 14, 2017, the Company was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in connection with its initial public offering. The Company designs, manufactures, and markets specialized rugged high-performance compute, high speed switch fabrics and storage systems, which are designed to target edge applications for artificial intelligence (“AI”)/machine learning (“ML”), sensor processing, sensor fusion and autonomy. The Company markets its products to manufacturers of equipment used for autonomous vehicles, medical, industrial, and military applications, with special focus on platforms that move, such as planes, trucks, ships, submarines and mobile datacenters or command posts where sensor processing, sensor fusion, AI and ML are integrated to support such applications.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary in Germany, One Stop Systems, GmbH (“OSS GmbH”). In July 2016, the Company acquired Mission Technologies Group, Inc. (“Magma”) and its operations that complemented OSS' manufacture of custom high-performance compute servers.

On August 31, 2018, the Company acquired Concept Development Inc. (“CDI”) located in Irvine, California. CDI specialized in the design and manufacture of custom high-performance computing systems for airborne in-flight entertainment, flight safety equipment, and networking systems. CDI’s business was fully integrated into the core operations of the Company as of June 1, 2020.

On October 31, 2018, OSS GmbH acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Bressner Technology GmbH, a limited liability company registered under the laws of Germany and located near Munich, Germany (“Bressner”). Bressner designs and manufactures standard and customized servers, panel PCs, and PCIe accelerator systems. It also operates as a systems integrator with standard and custom all in one hardware systems and components. In addition, Bressner serves as a channel to market for OSS ruggedized datacenter level compute and storage products to the European and Middle Eastern markets.

The Company completed and fulfilled all of the outstanding orders associated with its long-term media and entertainment customer during the year ended December 31, 2023, and does not anticipate further business from this customer in the future. This resulted from an acceleration in the customer’s investment in cloud technology and a drive towards less intelligent compute capability at the edge to reduce the costs of their componentry. This customer’s transition to cloud solutions had a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.

With the Company's shifted focus to the development and sale of AI Transportables, we have significantly increased our efforts to penetrate the military and defense sectors in particular. With the recent hiring of Michael Knowles and Robert Kalebaugh, each of whom has extensive experience in contracting in the defense industry, as our new president and chief executive officer, and vice president of sales, respectively, we have further increased our emphasis and focus on the pursuit of revenue opportunities with major defense contractors and the military.

The lingering negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from the geopolitical instability caused in part by the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas, including inflation and Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rate increases, have contributed to global supply chain issues and economic uncertainty, which has negatively affected our operations. The risk of a recession in the U.S. remains elevated and volatility and recessionary conditions in Europe, and in particular in Germany, are expected to remain a concern for the near term. As a result of the

11

foregoing, there is continued economic uncertainty and volatility in the capital markets in the near term that could negatively affect our operations.

We are continuing to experience increased pricing, long lead-times, unavailability of certain product and limited supplies, protracted delivery dates, changes in minimum order quantities to secure product, and/or shortages of certain parts and supplies that are necessary components for the products and services we offer to our customers. As a result, the Company is continuing to carry increased inventory balances to ensure availability of necessary products and to secure pricing.

These global issues and concerns regarding general economic decline or recession are impacting our business as well as some of our customers, who are continuing to experience downturns or uncertainty in their own business operations and revenue, and as a result, these customers may need to decrease or delay their technology spending, request pricing concessions or payment extensions, or seek to renegotiate their contracts. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company experienced delays in orders due to certain customers’ funding or program delays. If such decreases in orders or postponements continue in the future, or we experience cancellations of orders, our operating results will be further impacted, and our revenues may decline in future periods.

These global issues and events may also have the effect of heightening many risks associated with our customers and supply chain. We may take further actions that alter our operations from time to time, or which we determine are in our best interests. In addition, we may decide to postpone or abandon planned investments in our business in response to changes in our business, which may impact our ability to attract and retain customers and our rate of innovation, either of which could harm our business.

As a result of these global issues, as well as other factors discussed in these notes, it has been difficult to accurately forecast our revenues or financial results, especially given the near and long-term impacts of the economic and geopolitical issues, inflation, the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rate increases and the potential for recession in both the United States and Germany. In addition, while the potential impact and duration of these issues on the economy and our business may be difficult to assess or predict, these world events have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, and may reduce our ability to access additional capital, which could negatively affect our liquidity in the future. Our results of operations could be materially below our forecasts as well, which could adversely affect our results of operations, disappoint analysts and investors, or cause our stock price to decline.

Management’s plans with respect to the above are to continue their efforts towards responding to the changing economic landscape, to continue to control costs, conserve cash, strengthen margins through the introduction of new product lines focusing on AI compute capabilities for military and industrial applications, autonomous truck diving and improve company-wide execution.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”), as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).

The unaudited consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the presumption that users of the interim financial information have either read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the latest year ended December 31, 2023.

Accordingly, note disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the December 31, 2023 audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted from these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management has evaluated all subsequent events and transactions through the date of filing this Quarterly Report.

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In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. In the current year, the Company began disclosing as a separate component of revenue and cost of sales, the amounts related to customer funded development revenue and costs. Customer funded development is revenue from customers for which the Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time and for which the customer receives benefits as the Company performs. Products revenue performance obligations are typically satisfied at a point in time, predominately upon shipment.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OSS, which include the operating results of its wholly owned subsidiary, OSS GmbH, and its wholly owned subsidiary Bressner. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes to our accounting policies disclosed in our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

On an ongoing basis, our management evaluates these estimates and assumptions, including those related to determination of standalone selling prices of our products and services, allowance for credit losses and sales reserves, income tax valuations, stock-based compensation, goodwill, intangible assets and inventory valuations and recoverability. We base our estimates on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that our management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.

Due to the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ukraine war, the escalating conflicts in the middle east, inflationary pressures, other macroeconomic factors and the loss of our media and entertainment customer, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy, financial markets and our ongoing operations. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to our estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of this Quarterly Report. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to reportable segment disclosures." This amendment enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable “investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance” and assess “potential future cash flows.” The adoption of this amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods

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within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Management does not anticipate any material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3 - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

The Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of March 31, 2024, were as follows:

Description	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value
Level 1: (1)
Cash alternatives	$	1,101,930	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,101,930
Certificates of deposit		4,750,000		585		-		102,733		4,853,318
	$	5,851,930	$	585	$	-	$	102,733	$	5,955,248

(1)Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

The Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

Description	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value
Level 1: (1)
Cash alternatives	$	76,709	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	76,709
Certificates of deposit		7,585,000		5,793		-		104,318		7,695,111
	$	7,661,709	$	5,793	$	-	$	104,318	$	7,771,820

(1)Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Cash alternatives represents cash balances in savings accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills that are temporarily on-hand that are immediately available for investments in accordance with the Company’s investment policy.

The Company typically invests in highly rated securities and its investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy requires investments in fixed income instruments denominated and payable in U.S. dollars only and requires investments to be investment grade, with a primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss.

NOTE 4 -ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Accounts receivable	$	7,456,570		$	8,368,279
Less: allowance for credit losses		(49,804	)		(50,032	)
	$	7,406,766		$	8,318,247

Provision for bad debt expense related to accounts receivable was $0 and $30,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following tables represent the changes in the allowance for credit losses associated with our trade receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Allowance for Credit Losses	2024			2023
Balance on January 1,	$	(50,032	)	$	(45,357	)
Provision charged to expense		-			(30,000	)
Receivables written-off		-			-
Recoveries of receivables previously written-off		-			-
Effects of change in exchange rates		228			(471	)
Balance on March 31,	$	(49,804	)	$	(75,828	)

NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES

Inventories, net consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Raw materials	$	11,990,129		$	12,975,235
Sub-assemblies		820,138			454,181
Work-in-process		771,716			344,685
Finished goods		9,939,983			9,824,987
		23,521,966			23,599,088
Less: allowances for obsolete and slow-moving inventories		(2,038,154	)		(1,904,340	)
	$	21,483,812		$	21,694,748

NOTE 6 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued compensation and related liabilities	$	1,166,061	$	1,023,902
Deferred revenue		289,464		299,514
Customer deposits		317,537		27,447
Warranty reserve		583,861		607,809
Trade and other taxes		582,822		392,336
Other accrued expenses		867,300		851,511
	$	3,807,045	$	3,202,519

NOTE 7 – DEBT

Bank Lines of Credit

In April 2022, the Company obtained a domestic revolving line of credit of $2,000,000 with Torrey Pines Bank which was renewed in April 2023, and renews on an annual basis at the current prime rate. To access this line of credit, the Company must maintain cash and investments balances at a minimum of $4,000,000. No balance was outstanding on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Bressner has three revolving lines of credit with German institutions, including Uni Credit Bank AG, Commerzbank AG, and VR Bank, with total availability of up to €2,700,000 (US$2,931,781) as of March 31, 2024. Borrowings under the lines of credit bear interest at a variable rate of Euribor plus a stated rate. The rates as of

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March 31, 2024, for the lines of credit ranged from 3.1% to 5.62%, with the balances remaining open indefinitely or until occurrence of a defined change of control event. There were no outstanding lines of credit balances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Foreign Debt Obligations

Bressner had three term loans outstanding as of March 31, 2024, with an aggregate balance outstanding of €1,255,419 (US$1,357,201) as follows:

•On June 18, 2021, Bressner converted €500,000 of its line of credit from UniCredit Bank into a note payable. The note was originally due December 17, 2021, and subsequently extended through June 17, 2022. On June 17, 2022, this note was further extended through December 19, 2022, with accrued interest having been paid current as of the revised maturity date. On December 19, 2022, this note was extended through June 19, 2023. However, on June 19, 2023, this note was further extended through December 19, 2023, and the interest rate was increased to 5.80%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of June 19, 2023. On December 29, 2023, this note was further extended through June 19, 2024, with accrued interest having been paid current as of December 19, 2023. The balance outstanding on the note as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €500,000 (US$540,537) and €500,000 (US$551,948) respectively;

•On April 9, 2021, Bressner converted €500,000 of its line of credit from Commerzbank AG into a note payable. The note was due on September 30, 2021, with a payment of principal and interest due upon maturity. This loan was paid in full on September 30, 2021, with proceeds from a new note with similar terms. This new note had an original maturity date of June 30, 2022; however, this note was further extended through March 31, 2023, with accrued interest having been paid current as of the revised maturity date. On March 30, 2023, this note was further extended through September 29, 2023, and the interest rate was increased to 4.60%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of March 30, 2023. On September 29, 2023, this note was further extended through March 28, 2024, and the interest rate was increased to 5.75%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of September 29, 2023. On March 28, 2024, this note was further extended through September 30, 2024, and the interest rate was reduced to 5.50%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of March 28, 2024. The balance outstanding on the new note as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €500,000 (US$540,537), and €500,000 (US$551,949), respectively; and

•On June 30, 2022, Bressner borrowed €1,500,000 (US$1,468,173) from Commerzbank AG, which bears interest at 2.55%, is due in June 2024, and is repayable in twenty-four monthly installments, with payments beginning July 31, 2022. The balance outstanding as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €255,419 (US$276,127) and €382,327 (US$422,050, respectively. This loan is collateralized by accounts receivable attributable to a specific customer.

Additionally, on February 16, 2022, Bressner converted €500,000 of its line of credit from UniCredit Bank into a note payable. On August 16, 2022, this note was extended through February 16, 2023, with accrued interest having been paid current as of the original maturity date. On February 16, 2023, this note was further extended through August 16, 2023, and on August 16, 2023, this note was further extended through February 16, 2024, and the interest rate was increased to 5.63%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of August 16, 2023. The note was repaid in full during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, and the outstanding balance as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €0 (US$0) and €500,000 (US$551,948), respectively.

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A summary of outstanding debt obligations as of March 31, 2024, was as follows:

Loan Description	Current Interest Rate	Maturity Date	Balance (Euro)		Balance ($)		Current Portion
Foreign:
Commerzbank AG	2.55%	June-24	€	255,419	$	276,127	$	276,127
Commerzbank AG	5.50%	September-24		500,000		540,537		540,537
Uni Credit Bank AG	5.80%	June-24		500,000		540,537		540,537
			€	1,255,419	$	1,357,201	$	1,357,201

NOTE 8 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on December 14, 2017, authorizes the Company to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock and 50,000,000 shares of common stock.

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

On October 10, 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved and adopted the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended to date, the “2017 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval thereof. On December 18, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan allows for the grant of a variety of equity vehicles to provide flexibility in the grant and issuance of equity awards, including stock options, unrestricted stock grants, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock bonuses and performance-based awards. An aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan.

On June 24, 2020, the Company amended the 2017 Plan to increase the maximum number of shares of common stock with respect to one or more Stock Awards (as defined in the 2017 Plan) that may be granted to any one participant under the 2017 Plan during any calendar year from 500,000 shares to 1,000,000 shares. The amendment did not increase the total number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan and did not require stockholder approval.

On May 19, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s proposal to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan from 1,500,000 shares to 3,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan. The amendment took effect upon receipt of stockholder approval.

On March 15, 2024, the Company’s board of directors unanimously approved, subject to stockholder approval, an amendment to the 2017 Plan (the “Plan Amendment”), which, if approved by our stockholders, would result in an increase in the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 shares. The Plan Amendment will be presented to stockholders for approval at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. If approved by stockholders at the meeting, the Plan Amendment will be effective as of the date of such approval.

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Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity under the Company’s current equity incentive plans during the three month period ended March 31, 2024, was as follows:

	Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Underlying Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding on January 1, 2024		1,323,760		$	2.37		4.06	$	169,802
Granted		-			-		-		-
Forfeited / Canceled		(29,784	)		-		-		-
Exercised		(73,426	)		-		-		-
Outstanding on March 31, 2024		1,220,550		$	2.41		4.12	$	1,088,360
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		820,550		$	2.14		1.65	$	964,360
Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2024		820,550		$	2.14		1.65	$	964,360

As of March 31, 2024, there was $633,106 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.83 years.

There were no options granted during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents the grant date fair value of options vested and the intrinsic value of options exercised:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Grant date fair value of options vested	$	852,061	$	832,742
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	123,658	$	60,058

If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested awards, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase, or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense or calculate and record additional expense. Future stock-based compensation expense and unearned stock-based compensation will increase to the extent that the Company grants additional common stock options or other stock-based awards.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs may be granted at the discretion of the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors under the 2017 Plan in connection with the hiring and retention of personnel and are subject to certain conditions. RSUs generally vest quarterly or semi-annually over a period of one to three years and are typically forfeited if employment is terminated before the RSUs vest. The compensation expense related to the RSUs is calculated as the fair value of the common stock on the grant date and is amortized to expense over the vesting period and is adjusted for estimated forfeitures.

The Company’s RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Underlying Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested on January 1, 2024		1,093,489		$	3.04
Granted		6,250		$	2.09
Vested		(208,772	)	$	3.00
Canceled		-		$	-
Unvested on March 31, 2024		890,967		$	3.04

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As of March 31, 2024, there was $2,264,735 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.37 years.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was comprised of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Stock-based compensation classified as:	2024		2023
General and administrative	$	219,134	$	293,995
Production		58,053		67,441
Marketing and selling		23,786		59,989
Product and programs		51,357
Research and development		56,410		52,784
	$	408,740	$	474,209

Warrants

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Warrants outstanding – January 1, 2024		43,022	$	2.15
Warrants granted		-	$	-
Warrants expired		-	$	-
Warrants exercised		-	$	-
Warrants outstanding – March 31, 2024		43,022	$	2.15

Unless exercised, the warrants included in the above table will expire pursuant to their terms in April 2024.

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal

We are subject to litigation, claims, investigations, and audits arising from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. When applicable, we record accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. While the outcome of lawsuits and other proceedings against us cannot be predicted with certainty, in our opinion, individually or in the aggregate, no such lawsuits are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of any such matters as of March 31, 2024, are not expected to have a materially adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Guarantees and Indemnities

The Company has made certain indemnities, under which it may be required to make payments to an indemnified party, in relation to certain transactions. The Company indemnifies its directors, officers, employees, and agents to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. In connection with its facility lease, the Company has indemnified its lessor for certain claims arising from the use of the facilities. The duration of the indemnities varies, and in many cases is indefinite. These indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments the Company could be obligated to make. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

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Leases

The Company leases its offices, manufacturing, and warehouse facility in San Diego County under a non-cancelable operating lease. Our corporate headquarters are in a leased space comprising of approximately 29,342 square feet in Escondido, California under a lease that was last modified and extended in September 2023 and expires in August 2030. The Company also leases a 3,208 square foot facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, under a lease expiring in June 2025, that houses our Ion software development team. Additionally, we lease a 1,632 square foot facility located in Anaheim, California, with the lease expiring in June 2025. Bressner leases space in Germany comprising of 11,836 square feet on a month-to-month basis. For the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, rent expense was $174,415 and $137,569, respectively.

Other information related to leases as of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease expense	$	174,415	$	137,569
Total lease expense	$	174,415	$	137,569
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	111,784	$	160,348
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	-	$	-
Operating lease obligation for new operating leases	$	-	$	-
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	70.4 months		17.5 months
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	13.6%		12.7%

The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024:

Year	Operating Leases
Remaining 2024	$	502,574
2025		470,271
2026		408,282
2027		403,771
2028		419,922
Thereafter		735,528
Total lease payments		2,940,348
Less: Amount representing interest		(833,127	)
Present value of lease payment		2,107,221
Less: current portion of operating lease obligation		(413,679	)
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion	$	1,693,542

Purchase Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into purchase commitments for inventory components to be delivered based upon non-cancellable, pre-established, delivery schedules that are over a period that may exceed one year. Total non-cancellable purchase orders as of March 31, 2024, were $5,708,712.

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Customer Concentration

During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had one customer, in each period, that accounted for (in the aggregate) approximately 16% and 29%, respectively, of revenue for which each represented greater than 10% of our consolidated quarterly revenue.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had one and two customers, respectively, in each period that accounted for (in the aggregate) approximately 12% and 22%, respectively, of trade accounts receivables for which each of such customer’s balances represented greater than 10% of our consolidated trade accounts receivable balance.

During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had one and two vendors, respectively, in each period that accounted for (in the aggregate) approximately 34% and 18%, respectively, of purchases from vendors/suppliers for which each represents greater than 10% of our consolidated purchases.

NOTE 10 – NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted net loss per share were calculated as follows for the three periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		20,709,234			20,251,509
Effect of dilutive securities		-			-
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		20,709,234			20,251,509
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)
Diluted	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)

NOTE 11 – REVENUE, SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company operates in two reportable segments: (i) the design and manufacture of high-performance customized computers and flash arrays, in-flight entertainment and connectivity, and (ii) our subsidiary, Bressner, which operates as a value-added reseller with minimal product customization. The Company evaluates financial performance on a company-wide basis.

Segment details for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024									For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	OSS			Bressner			Total			OSS			Bressner			Total
Revenues	$	5,533,872		$	7,117,914		$	12,651,786		$	8,630,586		$	8,151,308		$	16,781,894
Cost of revenues		(3,641,095	)		(5,287,398	)		(8,928,493	)		(5,501,710	)		(6,209,422	)		(11,711,132	)
Gross profit		1,892,777			1,830,516			3,723,293			3,128,876			1,941,886			5,070,762
Gross margin %	34.2%			25.7%			29.4%			36.3%			23.8%			30.2%
Total operating expenses		(3,847,270	)		(1,138,037	)		(4,985,307	)		(4,238,093	)		(1,029,017	)		(5,267,110	)
(Loss) income from operations	$	(1,954,493	)	$	692,479		$	(1,262,014	)	$	(1,109,217	)	$	912,869		$	(196,348	)

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The table below presents the deferred revenue, warranties and deposit balances along with the significant activity affecting balances during the three months periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	March 31,
Deferred revenue and warranties	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	299,514		$	378,952
Additions during the period		30,976			61,008
Revenue recognized from beginning of period		(41,026	)		(38,709	)
Revenue recognized from additions		-			(59	)
Ending balance	$	289,464		$	401,192
	March 31,
Deposits	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	27,447		$	61,696
Additions during the period		294,736			388,098
Deposits recognized from beginning of period		(3,375	)		(1,578	)
Deposits recognized from additions		(1,271	)		(37,618	)
Ending balance	$	317,537		$	410,598

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $1,249,721 of remaining performance obligations under fully funded contracts for customer funded development. The Company currently expects to recognize the remaining performance obligations as revenue in fiscal 2024. Customer funded development is revenue from customers for which the Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time and for which the customer receives benefits as the Company performs. Products revenue performance obligations are typically satisfied at a point in time, predominately upon shipment.

Revenue from customers with non-U.S. billing addresses represented approximately 60% of the Company’s revenue during each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, substantially all the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States of America, with the exception of assets of $410,207 located in Germany.

NOTE 12 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events after the consolidated balance sheet dated as of March 31, 2024, through the date of filing of this Quarterly Report. Based upon the evaluation, management has determined that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the accompanying consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes thereto.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and operating results together with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report"). This discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or in other parts of this Quarterly Report. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

The Company designs, manufactures, and markets specialized high-performance compute, high speed switch fabrics and storage hardware and software, which are designed to target edge Artificial Intelligence ("AI") Transportable deployments. Edge computing is a form of computing that is done on site, near a particular data source or the user, rather than in the cloud, minimizing the need for data to be processed in a remote datacenter. This growing trend increases computing performance and security, as the data does not have to travel to a distant datacenter location. Edge computing is most recognizable in applications such as sensor processing, sensor fusion, autonomy and AI/machine learning ("ML"). To meet the demands at the edge we offer specialized modules and systems that consist of computers, switch fabrics and storage products that incorporate the latest state-of-the art components with embedded proprietary software. Such modules and systems allow us to offer high-end solutions to target markets to be integrated into, platforms, vehicles and applications.

The global increase in load on the cloud infrastructure and increase in AI applications are the primary factors driving the growth of the edge computing market. We market our products to manufacturers of automated equipment used for medical, industrial, and military applications. Our customer applications often require connection to a wide array of data sources and sensors, ultra-fast processing power, and the ability to quickly access and store large and ever-growing data sets at their physical location (rather than in the cloud). This equipment requires datacenter class performance optimized for deployment at the edge in challenging environments. Many of these edge applications have unique requirements, including special and compact form factors ruggedized for harsh conditions, which cannot be accommodated by traditional controlled air-conditioned datacenters.

We believe that we are uniquely positioned as a specialized provider to address the needs of this market, providing custom servers, data acquisition platforms, compute accelerators, solid-state storage arrays, system I/O expansion systems, as well as edge optimized industrial and panel PCs, tablets, and handheld compute devices. Our systems also offer industry leading capabilities that occupy less physical space and require less power consumption. We deliver this high-end technology to our customers through the sale of equipment and embedded software.

One Stop Systems, Inc. was originally incorporated as a California corporation in 1999, after initially being formed as a California limited liability company in 1998. On December 14, 2017, the Company was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in connection with its initial public offering.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary in Germany, OSS GmbH. Then, in July 2016, the Company acquired Magma and its operations that complemented OSS' manufacture of custom high-performance compute servers.

On August 31, 2018, the Company acquired Concept Development, Inc. ("CDI"), which was located in Irvine, California. CDI specialized in the design and manufacture of custom high-performance computing systems for airborne in-flight entertainment, flight safety equipment, and networking systems. CDI’s business was fully integrated into the core operations of OSS as of June 1, 2020.

On October 31, 2018, OSS GmbH acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Bressner Technology GmbH, a Germany limited liability company located near Munich, Germany ("Bressner"). Bressner designs and manufactures standard and customized servers, panel PCs, and PCIe expansion systems. Bressner also provides

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manufacturing, test, sales, and marketing services for customers throughout Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA").

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

The Company recognizes revenue under accounting standard ASC 606. Revenue is primarily generated from the sale of computer hardware and engineering services, and, to a minimal extent, revenue is also generated from the sale of software and sales of software maintenance and support contracts. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time as work is performed or at a point in time. The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point in time when products ship and control is deemed to be transferred to the customer. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied.

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue primarily consists of costs of materials, costs paid to third-party contract manufacturers (which may include the costs of components), and personnel costs associated with manufacturing and support operations. Personnel costs consist of wages, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation expenses. Cost of revenue also includes freight, allocated overhead costs and inventory write-offs and changes to our inventory and warranty reserves. Allocated overhead costs consist of certain facilities and utility costs. We expect cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars with product revenue increases.

Operating expenses

Our operating expenses consist of general and administrative, sales and marketing and research and development expenses. Salaries and personnel-related costs, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense are the most significant components of each category of operating expenses. Operating expenses also include allocated overhead costs for facilities and utility costs.

General and Administrative - General and administrative expense consists primarily of employee compensation and related expenses for administrative functions including finance, legal, human resources, and fees for third-party professional services, as well as allocated overhead. We expect our general and administrative expense to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in growing the business.

Marketing and Selling – Marketing and selling expense consists primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, sales commissions, marketing programs, travel, and entertainment expenses as well as allocated overhead. Marketing programs consist of advertising, tradeshows, events, corporate communications, and brand-building activities. We expect marketing and selling expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales force, increase marketing resources, and further develop sales channels.

Research and Development - Research and development expense consists primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, prototype expenses, depreciation associated with assets acquired for research and development, third-party engineering, and contractor support costs, as well as allocated overhead. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in new and existing products.

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Other Income (Expense), net

Other income consists of miscellaneous income and income received from activities outside of our core business. Other expense includes expenses from activities outside of our core business.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists of estimated income taxes due to the United States and German governments as well as state tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we conduct business, along with the change in our deferred income tax assets and liabilities.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, presented in dollars and as a percentage of revenue, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Revenue:
Product	$	12,287,046		$	16,388,684
Customer funded development		364,740			393,210
		12,651,786			16,781,894
Cost of revenue:
Product		8,818,756			11,416,539
Customer funded development		109,737			294,593
		8,928,493			11,711,132
Gross profit		3,723,293			5,070,762
Operating expenses:
General and administrative		2,094,317			2,285,101
Marketing and selling		1,920,113			1,786,681
Research and development		970,877			1,195,328
Total operating expenses		4,985,307			5,267,110
Loss from operations		(1,262,014	)		(196,348	)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income		141,725			110,266
Interest expense		(35,342	)		(32,705	)
Other income (expense), net		7,278			(20,223	)
Total other income, net		113,661			57,338
Loss before income taxes		(1,148,353	)		(139,010	)
Provision for income taxes		191,269			261,502
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)

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	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Revenue:
Product	97.1%	97.7%
Customer funded development	2.9%	2.3%
	100.0%	100.0%
Cost of revenue:
Product	69.7%	68.0%
Customer funded development	0.9%	1.8%
	70.5%	69.8%
Gross profit	29.5%	30.2%
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	16.6%	13.6%
Marketing and selling	15.2%	10.6%
Research and development	7.7%	7.1%
Total operating expenses	39.4%	31.4%
Loss from operations	-9.9%	-1.2%
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income	1.1%	0.7%
Interest expense	-0.3%	-0.2%
Other (expense) income, net	0.1%	-0.1%
Total other income, net	0.9%	0.3%
Loss before income taxes	-9.0%	-0.8%
Provision for income taxes	1.5%	1.6%
Net loss	-10.5%	-2.4%

Comparison of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024										For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Entity:	Revenue		Cost of Revenue			Gross Profit		Gross Margin %			Revenue		Cost of Revenue			Gross Profit		Gross Margin %
OSS	$	5,533,872	$	(3,641,095	)	$	1,892,777		34.2	%	$	8,630,586	$	(5,501,710	)	$	3,128,876		36.3	%
Bressner		7,117,914		(5,287,398	)		1,830,516		25.7	%		8,151,308		(6,209,422	)		1,941,886		23.8	%
	$	12,651,786	$	(8,928,493	)	$	3,723,293		29.4	%	$	16,781,894	$	(11,711,132	)	$	5,070,762		30.2	%

Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our total revenue decreased $4,130,108, or 24.6%, as compared to the same period in 2023. OSS saw a decrease in revenue of $3,096,714, or 35.9%, as compared to the same period in 2023. The primary contributors to this deduction are the discontinuation of sales to our former media and entertainment customer (disguise) of approximately $1,500,000 and a reduction of revenue attributable to delayed timing of a defense contract for our data storage units and parts of approximately of $4,400,000. These reductions were offset by approximately $2,000,000 attributable to the sale of avionics hardware and other business opportunities. Bressner experienced a decrease of $1,033,394, or 12.7%, as compared to the same period in 2023 as a result of discontinuance of certain programs.

Cost of revenue and gross profit

Cost of revenue decreased $2,782,639, or 23.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. OSS saw a decrease in cost of revenue of $1,860,615, or 33.8%, as compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease in cost of revenue is mainly attributable to the discontinuation of our sales to our

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former media and entertainment customer (disguise) and sales of data storage units. Bressner’s cost of revenue decreased $922,024, or 14.8%, as compared to the same period in 2023, due to reduced overall sales due to a difficult economy and a reduction of additional sales attributable to project based related business.

The overall gross margin percentage was 29.4%. OSS’ gross margin percentage for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was 34.2%, a reduction of 2.1 percentage points as compared to the prior year period in 2023 of 36.3%, due to the predominance of higher margin data storage units and componentry to Raytheon in the same period in 2023. Bressner contributed gross margin at a rate of 25.7%, as compared to the same period in 2023 of 23.8%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points, resulting from a more favorable mix of products.

Operating expenses

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense decreased $190,784, or 8.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. OSS experienced a decrease of $114,514, or 6.3%. The decrease in general and administrative expense is primarily attributable to the elimination of costs associated with our organizational restructuring and outside professional services. Bressner had a decrease of $76,270, or 16.1%, as a result of an organization realignment. Overall, total general and administrative expense increased as a percentage of revenue to 16.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to 13.6% during the same period in 2023.

Marketing and selling expense

Marketing and selling expense increased $133,432, or 7.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. OSS had a decrease of $22,157, or 1.6%. Bressner had an increase of $155,589, or 35.5%, primarily resulting from the addition of new marketing personnel and sales collateral material. Overall, total marketing and selling expense increased as a percentage of revenue to 15.2% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to 10.6% during the same period in 2023.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense decreased $224,451, or 18.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. OSS saw a decrease of $254,152, or 23.6%. The decrease was largely driven by engineering resources being deployed on chargeable projects, which costs are reclassified as a component of costs of sales. Bressner experienced a modest increase of $29,701, or 25.5%. Overall, total research and development expense as a percentage of revenue increased as a percentage of revenue to 7.7% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to 7.1% during the same period in 2023.

Interest income

Interest income increased $31,459 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase is attributable to higher interest rates on qualified short-term investments that meet Company requirements.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased $2,637 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023 due to higher interest rates, though on a declining balance.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), for the three months ended March 31, 2024, resulted in net other income of $7,278, as compared to net other expense of $20,223, in the same period in 2023, for a net increase in other income of $27,501 attributable to gains on foreign currency transactions.

Provision for income taxes

We have recorded an income tax provision of $191,269 and $261,502, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, differed from the statutory rate mainly due to permanent non-deductible goodwill amortization for Bressner, change

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in valuation allowance, deductions related to expenses of OSS stock options, research and development credits, and changes in reserves for uncertain tax positions, as well as projecting foreign and state tax liabilities for the year.

Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, research and development costs are no longer fully deductible and are required to be capitalized and amortized for U.S. tax purposes effective January 1, 2022. The mandatory capitalization requirement increases our deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance and may have an impact on payment of tax liabilities. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was 29%, as compared to 28.9% in the prior period in 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, our primary sources of liquidity have been provided by public and private offerings of our securities and revenues generated from our business operations. As of March 31, 2024, we had total cash and cash equivalents of $6,904,102, with short-term investments of $5,955,248, and total working capital of $34,332,569. Cash and cash equivalents held by Bressner totaled US$1,599,957 on March 31, 2024. Bressner’s debt covenants do not permit the use of those funds by its parent company.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had a loss from operations of $7,923,135, with cash used by operating activities of $439,679.

Our sources of liquidity and cash flows are used to fund ongoing operations, fund research and development projects for new products technologies and provide ongoing support services for our customers. Over the next year, we anticipate that we will use our liquidity and cash flows from our operations to fund our business. In addition, as part of our business strategy, we occasionally evaluate potential acquisitions of businesses, products, and technologies. Accordingly, a portion of our available cash may be used at any time for the acquisition of complementary products or businesses. Such potential transactions may require substantial capital resources, which may require us to seek additional debt or equity financing. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, complete acquisitions, successfully integrate acquired businesses into our current operations, or expand into new markets. Furthermore, we cannot provide assurances that additional financing will be available to us in any required time and on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and as of March 31, 2024, economists continue to suggest that an elevated risk of economic downturn in the U.S. and Germany will continue for the foreseeable future, which could result in further economic uncertainty and volatility in the capital markets in the near term and could negatively affect our operations. We intend to continue to monitor the effects of inflation, global supply chain shortages and the economic conditions, and, if appropriate, we may alter our plans to address such concerns as they may arise.

Management’s plans are to focus on acquiring new customer orders to replace lost revenue attributable to our previous media customer, to continue our efforts towards responding to the changing economic landscape, including significant inflation, both domestically and internationally, foreign currency exchange rates, a potential recession in the U.S. and/or Germany, the high Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rates, supply chain constraints and international conflicts, by continuing to control hiring and operating costs, conserve cash, and continual focus on improving margin.

Management expects these actions and continued diligence towards limiting cost growth and expense containment will provide long-term sustainability. Management is also committed to conserving cash and securing debt and/or equity financing, as required, for liquidity to meet our cash requirements through at least a period of the next twelve months.

In April 2022, the Company obtained a domestic revolving line of credit of $2,000,000 from its bank, which was renewed in April 2024 and renews on an annual basis at the current prime rate. To access this line of credit, the Company must maintain cash and investments balances at a minimum of $4,000,000. Although the Company has not drawn down on the line of credit to date, it may choose to do so in the future.

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Additionally, in August 2023, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-274073) with the SEC, which became effective on August 25, 2023, and allows us to offer and sell up to an aggregate of $100,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities, in any combination, together or separately, in one or more offerings, in amounts, at prices and on the terms that we will determine at the time of the offering and which will be set forth in a prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. In the event that we need additional financing, we may choose to consummate an offering of our securities under the registration statement on S-3 in order to raise capital.

As a result of management’s commitment to controlling costs, conserving cash, and our potential sources of liquidity, as well as management’s most recent cash flow forecasts, management believes that we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our anticipated working capital requirements for our ongoing operations and obligations for at least the next twelve months. However, there can be no assurance that management’s cost reduction efforts will be effective or the forecasted cash flows will be achieved. Furthermore, we will continue to evaluate our capital expenditure needs based upon various factors, including but not limited to, our sales from operations, growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of our sales and marketing efforts, the timing of new product introductions, and the continuing market acceptance of our products and services.

If cash generated from operations is insufficient to satisfy our capital requirements, we may borrow up to $2,000,000 from our revolving line of credit with our bank (subject to satisfaction of certain borrowing conditions), may have to sell additional equity or debt securities, or may obtain expanded credit facilities to fund our operating expenses, pay our obligations, diversify our geographical reach, and grow the Company. In the event such financing is needed in the future, there can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us, or, if available, that it will be in amounts and on terms acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional funds when we need or want them, our operations and prospects could be negatively affected. However, if cash flows from operations become insufficient to continue operations at the current level, and if no additional financing were obtained, then management would consider restructuring the Company in a way to preserve its business while maintaining expenses within operating cash flows.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Cash flows:	2024			2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,043,378		$	23,963
Net cash provided by investing activities	$	1,644,196		$	833,524
Net cash (used in) financing activities	$	(799,974	)	$	(525,933	)

Operating Activities

During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, we provided $2,043,378 in cash for operating activities, a difference of $2,019,415 when compared to the cash provided by operating activities of $23,964 during the same period in 2023.

The change in cash provided by operating activities during the three month period ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, is primarily a result of three components comprised of (i) an increase in net loss of $939,110 in 2024 to $1,339,622 in the current year, from a net loss of $400,512 in the prior year; (ii) net unfavorable adjustments in the current period for non-cash items of $337,162, which were comprised of a net decrease of $176,731 of favorable non-cash items, offset by an increase of $160,431 of negative non-cash items that did not affect operating cash flow; and (iii) a net increase working capital items of $3,295,687.

Net improvements in working capital for the three month period ended March 31, 2024, were $3,295,687 as compared to the prior year period uses of working capital of $601,855. The improvements to working capital of $4,082,431 were attributable to changes in inventory levels, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts

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payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and lease liabilities for the comparable period. These improvements were offset by unfavorable changes in working capital of $786,744, attributable to changes in accounts receivable .

Our ability to generate cash from operations in future periods will depend in large part on our profitability, the rate and timing of collections of our accounts receivable, our inventory turns and our ability to manage other areas of working capital, including accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Investing Activities

During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, the Company generated cash of $1,664,196 in investing activities, as compared to $833,524 provided by investing activities during the prior year period in 2023, a net increase of $810,672. This change is basically attributable to an increase in the amount of short-term investments redeemed in the period as compared to the prior period. Additionally, the Company continues to enhance the capabilities of its ERP system, and purchase test equipment for the engineering department. We do not anticipate any significant investments not normally anticipated in the original course of business in the near term.

Financing Activities

Given the current economic, financial, and geopolitical instability, the Company believes it is imperative to maintain opportunities for additional financial resources to ensure financial stability during trying economic times. During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, the Company used $927,324 in cash for debt service payments on Bressner borrowings and payment of tax on the net exercise of vested RSUs, while generating $127,350 from the exercise of options. During the same period in 2023, the Company used $525,933, for comparable items for a difference of $274,041.

Known Trends or Uncertainties

Although we have not seen any significant reduction in revenues to date due to consolidations, we have seen some consolidation in our industry during economic downturns. These consolidations have not had a negative effect on our total sales; however, should consolidations and downsizing in the industry continue to occur, those events could adversely impact our revenues and earnings going forward.

We are experiencing delays in funding for customer projects, delays in delivery schedules based upon customer requirements and an extended sales cycle. Additionally, certain of our customers are experiencing downturns or uncertainty in their own business operations and revenue, including one customer that declared bankruptcy in 2023, and as a result there is an increased risk that these customers may need to decrease or delay their technology spending, request pricing concessions or payment extensions, or seek to renegotiate their contracts. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company experienced delays and postponements of purchases and orders due to certain customers’ funding or program delays. We have also experienced cancellations of orders due to disruptions in our customers’ businesses or changes in their business plans. Such delays, postponements and cancellations could negatively impact the Company’s results of operations for the year ending December 31, 2024. If such decreases in orders, postponements or cancellations continue in the future, our operating results will be further impacted, and our revenues may decline in future periods.

With the Company's shifted focus to the development and sale of AI Transportables, we have significantly increased our efforts to penetrate the military and defense sectors in particular, which typically have protracted sales cycles, significant contracting requirements, and multi-year deliverables. With the recent hiring of a new president and chief executive officer and new vice president of sales, each of whom has extensive experience in contracting in the defense industry, we have further increased our emphasis and focus on the pursuit of revenue opportunities with major defense contractors and the military. We have recently reviewed our existing pipeline and have made adjustments to reflect the procurement habits and timing of the military and defense sector. We have also added relevant defense market experience to our board of directors through the appointment of Mr. Knowles, Vice Admiral Dumont and Mitch Herbets as directors. We believe that these changes will allow us to further penetrate the defense sector and enhance our business strategies with respect to this target market.

The world continues to be affected by the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, and economic uncertainty, amongst other things. Inflation has risen both domestically and internationally, Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rates have

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increased significantly over the last year, and economists suggest that risk of a recession in the U.S. remains elevated. Germany was in a recession for most of 2023, largely due to persistent high inflation and falling household spending. Volatility and recessionary conditions in Europe, and in particular in Germany, are expected to remain a concern for the near term. These factors, amongst other things, could result in further economic uncertainty and volatility in the capital markets in the near term, and could negatively affect our operations.

We believe that the need for improved productivity in the research and development activities directed toward developing new products and/or software will continue to result in increasing adoption of high-performance computers and interconnect technologies such as those we produce. New product and/or software developments in the specialized compute-business segment could result in increased revenues and earnings if they are accepted by our markets; however, there can be no assurances that new products and/or software will result in significant improvements to revenues or earnings. For competitive reasons, we do not disclose all of our new product development activities.

Additionally, the potential for growth in new markets is uncertain. We will continue to explore these opportunities until such time as we either generate sales or determine that resources would be more efficiently used elsewhere.

Inflation

We experienced some effects due to inflation in both the U.S. and Europe during the most recent period, including increased product pricing due to semiconductor product shortages, increased transportation costs due to increases in the cost of energy and general price increases due to inflation in the economy. Although the Company attempts to pass on increases in raw material, labor, energy and fuel-related costs to our customers, the Company’s ability to do so is dependent upon the rate and magnitude of any increase, competitive pressures and market conditions for the Company’s products. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods of time during which increases in these costs cannot be fully recovered. These increasing costs are being aggressively managed by the Company and actions are being taken to minimize the impact to the Company, particularly in the purchase of inventories to minimize price increases. Inflation affects the Company’s manufacturing costs, distribution costs and operating expenses.

Off balance sheet arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities, guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets, or any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity.

We do not have any majority-owned subsidiaries that are not consolidated in the financial statements. Additionally, we do not have an interest in, or relationships with, any special purpose entities.

Stockholder transactions

See Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion regarding our stockholder transactions for the relevant periods.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

In preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management must make a variety of decisions which impact the reported amounts and the related disclosures. These decisions include the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In making these decisions, management applies its judgment based on its understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances and our historical experience.

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Our accounting policies and estimates that are most critical to the presentation of our results of operations and financial condition, and which require the greatest use of judgments and estimates by management, are designated as our critical accounting policies. See further discussion of our critical accounting policies under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to reportable segment disclosures." This amendment enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable “investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance” and assess “potential future cash flows.” The adoption of this amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We do not anticipate any material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Interest rate risk

Our exposure to interest rate risk is primarily associated with borrowing on revolving lines of credit denominated in both U.S. dollars and Euros. We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through our borrowing activities for our variable rate borrowings. Both the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rates have increased rates from historic levels and are currently unchanged.

Concentration of credit risk

At times, deposits held with financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”), of which both provide basic deposit coverage with limits up to $250,000 per owner. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $1,351,930 of cash in our accounts that exceeded the insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes that the financial institutions at which such amounts are held are stable; however, no assurances can be provided. In Germany, the deposit insurance is €100,000 per bank, per customer. Bressner has funds on deposit in both Euro and U.S. dollar denominations of €1,049,186 (US$1,134,247) with banks in excess of the insurance limits.

We provide credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and limit the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary.

Foreign currency risk

We operate in the United States and Germany. Our primary reporting currency is the United States dollar. Foreign sales of products and services are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. We also conduct business outside the United States through Bressner our foreign subsidiary in Germany, where business is largely transacted in non-U.S. dollar currencies, particularly the Euro, which is subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Accordingly, we are subject to exposure from changes in the exchange rates of local currencies. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

OSS GmbH operates as an extension of OSS’ domestic operations and acquired Bressner in October 2018. The functional currency of OSS GmbH is the Euro. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured to the functional currency at the average exchange rate in effect during the period. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Consequently, changes in the exchange rates of the currencies may impact the translation of the foreign subsidiaries’ statements of operations into U.S. dollars, which may in turn affect our consolidated statement of operations. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

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Derivative Financial Instruments

We employ derivatives on a periodic basis to manage certain market risks through the use of foreign exchange forward contracts. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Our derivatives are designated as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge). We hedge a portion of the exchange risk involved in anticipation of highly probable foreign currency-denominated transactions. In anticipation of these transactions, we may enter into foreign exchange contracts to provide currency at a fixed rate. The Company is currently not a party to any of these types of transactions.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

We believe that the use of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or adjusted EBITDA, is helpful for an investor to assess the performance of the Company. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, acquisition expenses, impairment of long-lived assets, financing costs, fair value adjustments from purchase accounting, stock-based compensation expense and expenses related to discontinued operations.

Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. Because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of equity instruments that can impact a company’s non-cash operating expenses, we believe that providing a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes non-cash and non-recurring expenses allows for meaningful comparisons between our core business operating results and those of other companies, as well as providing us with an important tool for financial and operational decision making and for evaluating our own core business operating results over different periods of time.

Our adjusted EBITDA measure may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in our industry, as other companies in our industry may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently, particularly related to non-recurring, unusual items. Our adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or as an indication of operating performance or any other measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. We do not consider adjusted EBITDA to be a substitute for, or superior to, the information provided by GAAP financial results.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Depreciation		289,547			256,465
Amortization of right-of-use assets		100,138			118,530
Stock-based compensation expense		408,740			474,209
Interest expense		35,342			32,705
Interest income		(141,725	)		(110,266	)
Provision for income taxes		191,269			261,502
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(456,311	)	$	632,633

Adjusted EPS

Adjusted EPS excludes the impact of certain items, and therefore, has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe that exclusion of certain selected items assists in providing a more complete understanding of our underlying results and trends and allows for comparability with our peer company index and industry. We use this measure along with the corresponding GAAP financial measures to manage our business and to evaluate our performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace. The Company defines non-GAAP income (loss) as income or (loss) before amortization, stock-based compensation, expenses related to discontinued operations,

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impairment of long-lived assets and non-recurring acquisition costs. Adjusted EPS expresses adjusted income (loss) on a per share basis using weighted average diluted shares outstanding.

Adjusted EPS is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. We expect to continue to incur expenses similar to the adjusted income from continuing operations and adjusted EPS financial adjustments described above, and investors should not infer from our presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures that these costs are unusual, infrequent or non-recurring.

The following table reconciles non-GAAP net income and basic and diluted earnings per share:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Amortization of intangibles		-			15,808
Stock-based compensation expense		408,740			474,209
Non-GAAP net (loss) income	$	(930,882	)	$	89,505
Non-GAAP net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(0.04	)	$	0.00
Diluted	$	(0.04	)	$	0.00
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		20,709,234			20,251,509
Diluted		20,709,234			20,380,383

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure for reporting cash flow, is defined as cash provided by or used in operating activities, less capital expenditures for property and equipment, which includes capitalized software development costs for the implementation of the Company’s ERP system. We believe free cash flow provides investors with an important perspective on cash available for investments and acquisitions after making capital investments required to support ongoing business operations and long-term value creation. We believe that trends in our free cash flow can be valuable indicators of our operating performance and liquidity.

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies.

We expect to continue to incur expenditures similar to the free cash flow adjustments described above, and investors should not infer from our presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure that these expenditures reflect all of our obligations which require cash. The following table reconciles cash provided by or used in operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to free cash flow:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Cash flow:	2024			2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,043,378		$	23,963
Capital expenditures		(167,168	)		(85,085	)
Free cash flow	$	1,876,210		$	(61,122	)

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic and current reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls

The design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals. The inherent limitations in any control system include the realities that judgments related to decision-making can be faulty, and that reduced effectiveness in controls can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Due to the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error may occur and may not be detected.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management is required to evaluate our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer), our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

For a description of our material pending legal proceeding, please see Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Please carefully consider the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act. The occurrence of any of the risks discussed in such filings, or other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial, could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers entered into, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” that were intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1, in each case as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits.

36

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed Herewith
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (currently in effect).	8-K/A	001-38371	3.1	March 21, 2018
3.2	Bylaws, as amended (currently in effect).	8-K	001-38371	3.2	February 6, 2018
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated April 7, 2023.	8-K	001-38371	3.1	April 7, 2023
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					*
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					*
101 INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document with Embedded Linkbase Documents					**
101 SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document					**
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101 attachments)					**

* Furnished herewith

37

** The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.

38

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	One Stop Systems, Inc.
Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Michael Knowles
		Michael Knowles
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ John W. Morrison Jr.
		John W. Morrison Jr.
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

39

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael Knowles, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of One Stop Systems, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Michael Knowles
		Michael Knowles
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John W. Morrison Jr., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of One Stop Systems, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ John W. Morrison Jr.
		John W. Morrison Jr.
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of One Stop Systems, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael Knowles, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Michael Knowles
		Michael Knowles
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of One Stop Systems, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John W. Morrison Jr., Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ John W. Morrison Jr.
		John W. Morrison Jr.
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	OSS
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Registrant Name	One Stop Systems, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001394056
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		20,916,790
Entity File Number	001-38371
Entity Tax Identification Number	33-0885351
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	2235 Enterprise Street #110
Entity Address, City or Town	Escondido
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92029
City Area Code	760
Local Phone Number	745-9883

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,904,102	$ 4,048,948
Short-term investments (Note 3)	5,955,248	7,771,820
Accounts receivable, net (Note 4)	7,406,766	8,318,247
Inventories, net (Note 5)	21,483,812	21,694,748
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	832,049	611,066
Total current assets	42,581,977	42,444,829
Property and equipment, net	2,245,647	2,370,224
Operating lease right-of use assets	1,817,582	1,922,784
Deposits and other	38,093	38,093
Deferred tax asset, net	140,848
Goodwill	1,489,722	1,489,722
Total Assets	48,313,869	48,265,652
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	2,671,483	1,201,781
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (Note 6)	3,807,045	3,202,519
Current portion of operating lease obligation (Note 9)	413,679	390,926
Current portion of notes payable (Note 7)	1,357,201	2,077,895
Total current liabilities	8,249,408	6,873,121
Deferred tax liability, net		44,673
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion (Note 9)	1,693,542	1,765,536
Total liabilities	9,942,950	8,683,330
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 20,873,070 and 20,661,341 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	2,087	2,066
Additional paid-in capital	47,613,366	47,323,673
Accumulated other comprehensive income	513,815	675,310
Accumulated deficit	(9,758,349)	(8,418,727)
Total stockholders’ equity	38,370,919	39,582,322
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 48,313,869	$ 48,265,652

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	20,873,070	20,661,341
Common stock, shares outstanding	20,873,070	20,661,341

XML

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue	$ 12,651,786	$ 16,781,894
Cost of revenue	8,928,493	11,711,132
Gross profit	3,723,293	5,070,762
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	2,094,317	2,285,101
Marketing and selling	1,920,113	1,786,681
Research and development	970,877	1,195,328
Total operating expenses	4,985,307	5,267,110
Loss from operations	(1,262,014)	(196,348)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income	141,725	110,266
Interest expense	(35,342)	(32,705)
Other Income (expense), net	7,278	(20,223)
Total other income, net	113,661	57,338
Loss before income taxes	(1,148,353)	(139,010)
Provision for income taxes	191,269	261,502
Net loss	$ (1,339,622)	$ (400,512)
Net loss per share:
Basic	$ (0.06)	$ (0.02)
Diluted	$ (0.06)	$ (0.02)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	20,709,234	20,251,509
Diluted	20,709,234	20,251,509
Product
Revenue	$ 12,287,046	$ 16,388,684
Cost of revenue	8,818,756	11,416,539
Customer Funded Development
Revenue	364,740	393,210
Cost of revenue	$ 109,737	$ 294,593

XML

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (1,339,622)	$ (400,512)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized (loss) income on short-term investments	(5,208)	13,945
Currency translation adjustment	(156,287)	339,090
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(161,495)	353,035
Comprehensive loss	$ (1,501,117)	$ (47,477)

XML

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated (Deficit) Earnings
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 44,323,749	$ 2,008	$ 45,513,807	$ 510,485	$ (1,702,551)
Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022		20,084,528
Stock-based compensation	474,209		474,209
Exercise of stock options, RSUs and warrants		$ 27	(27)
Exercise of stock options, RSU's and warrants, Shares		274,591
Taxes paid on net issuance of employee stock options	(326,534)		(326,534)
Currency translation adjustment	339,090			339,090
Net unrealized gains (losses) on short-term investments	13,945			13,945
Net loss	(400,512)				(400,512)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	44,423,947	$ 2,035	45,661,455	863,520	(2,103,063)
Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023		20,359,119
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	39,582,322	$ 2,066	47,323,673	675,310	(8,418,727)
Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2023		20,661,341
Stock-based compensation	408,740		408,740
Exercise of stock options, RSUs and warrants	127,350	$ 21	127,329
Exercise of stock options, RSU's and warrants, Shares		211,729
Taxes paid on net issuance of employee stock options	(246,376)		(246,376)
Currency translation adjustment	(156,287)			(156,287)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on short-term investments	(5,208)			(5,208)
Net loss	(1,339,622)				(1,339,622)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 38,370,919	$ 2,087	$ 47,613,366	$ 513,815	$ (9,758,349)
Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2024		20,873,070

XML

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (1,339,622)	$ (400,512)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(188,674)
Disposal (Gain) on disposal of property and equipment	354	(43,243)
Provision for bad debt		30,000
Warranty reserves	(15,000)	591
Amortization of intangibles		15,808
Depreciation	289,547	256,465
Amortization of right-of-use assets	100,138	118,530
Inventory reserves	94,063	173,970
Stock-based compensation expense	408,740	474,209
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	842,057	1,628,801
Inventories	(66,013)	(2,909,978)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(224,116)	(938,797)
Accounts payable	1,486,003	1,097,691
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	700,042	658,543
Operating lease liabilities	(44,141)	(138,115)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,043,378	23,963
Cash flows from investing activities:
Redemption of short-term investment grade securities	1,811,364	918,609
Purchases of property and equipment, including capitalization of labor costs for test equipment and ERP	(167,168)	(85,085)
Net cash provided by investing activities	1,644,196	833,524
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants	127,350
Payment of payroll taxes on net issuance of employee stock options	(246,376)	(326,534)
Repayments on notes payable	(680,948)	(199,399)
Net cash (used in) financing activities	(799,974)	(525,933)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	2,887,600	331,554
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(32,446)	26,310
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	4,048,948	3,112,196
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	6,904,102	3,470,060
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	35,342	32,705
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	$ 74,223	21,171
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash flow transactions:
Reclassification of inventories to property and equipment		$ 25,797

XML

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (1,339,622)	$ (400,512)

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Rule 10b51 Arrangement Modified	false
Non Rule 10b51 Arrangement Modified	false
Modified Date	March 31, 2024

XML

The Company and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The Company and Basis of Presentation

NOTE 1 – THE COMPANY AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Nature of Operations

One Stop Systems, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “OSS,” or the “Company”) was originally incorporated as a California corporation in 1999, after initially being formed as a California limited liability company in 1998. On December 14, 2017, the Company was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in connection with its initial public offering. The Company designs, manufactures, and markets specialized rugged high-performance compute, high speed switch fabrics and storage systems, which are designed to target edge applications for artificial intelligence (“AI”)/machine learning (“ML”), sensor processing, sensor fusion and autonomy. The Company markets its products to manufacturers of equipment used for autonomous vehicles, medical, industrial, and military applications, with special focus on platforms that move, such as planes, trucks, ships, submarines and mobile datacenters or command posts where sensor processing, sensor fusion, AI and ML are integrated to support such applications.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary in Germany, One Stop Systems, GmbH (“OSS GmbH”). In July 2016, the Company acquired Mission Technologies Group, Inc. (“Magma”) and its operations that complemented OSS' manufacture of custom high-performance compute servers.

On August 31, 2018, the Company acquired Concept Development Inc. (“CDI”) located in Irvine, California. CDI specialized in the design and manufacture of custom high-performance computing systems for airborne in-flight entertainment, flight safety equipment, and networking systems. CDI’s business was fully integrated into the core operations of the Company as of June 1, 2020.

On October 31, 2018, OSS GmbH acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Bressner Technology GmbH, a limited liability company registered under the laws of Germany and located near Munich, Germany (“Bressner”). Bressner designs and manufactures standard and customized servers, panel PCs, and PCIe accelerator systems. It also operates as a systems integrator with standard and custom all in one hardware systems and components. In addition, Bressner serves as a channel to market for OSS ruggedized datacenter level compute and storage products to the European and Middle Eastern markets.

The Company completed and fulfilled all of the outstanding orders associated with its long-term media and entertainment customer during the year ended December 31, 2023, and does not anticipate further business from this customer in the future. This resulted from an acceleration in the customer’s investment in cloud technology and a drive towards less intelligent compute capability at the edge to reduce the costs of their componentry. This customer’s transition to cloud solutions had a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.

With the Company's shifted focus to the development and sale of AI Transportables, we have significantly increased our efforts to penetrate the military and defense sectors in particular. With the recent hiring of Michael Knowles and Robert Kalebaugh, each of whom has extensive experience in contracting in the defense industry, as our new president and chief executive officer, and vice president of sales, respectively, we have further increased our emphasis and focus on the pursuit of revenue opportunities with major defense contractors and the military.

The lingering negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from the geopolitical instability caused in part by the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas, including inflation and Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rate increases, have contributed to global supply chain issues and economic uncertainty, which has negatively affected our operations. The risk of a recession in the U.S. remains elevated and volatility and recessionary conditions in Europe, and in particular in Germany, are expected to remain a concern for the near term. As a result of the

foregoing, there is continued economic uncertainty and volatility in the capital markets in the near term that could negatively affect our operations.

We are continuing to experience increased pricing, long lead-times, unavailability of certain product and limited supplies, protracted delivery dates, changes in minimum order quantities to secure product, and/or shortages of certain parts and supplies that are necessary components for the products and services we offer to our customers. As a result, the Company is continuing to carry increased inventory balances to ensure availability of necessary products and to secure pricing.

These global issues and concerns regarding general economic decline or recession are impacting our business as well as some of our customers, who are continuing to experience downturns or uncertainty in their own business operations and revenue, and as a result, these customers may need to decrease or delay their technology spending, request pricing concessions or payment extensions, or seek to renegotiate their contracts. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company experienced delays in orders due to certain customers’ funding or program delays. If such decreases in orders or postponements continue in the future, or we experience cancellations of orders, our operating results will be further impacted, and our revenues may decline in future periods.

These global issues and events may also have the effect of heightening many risks associated with our customers and supply chain. We may take further actions that alter our operations from time to time, or which we determine are in our best interests. In addition, we may decide to postpone or abandon planned investments in our business in response to changes in our business, which may impact our ability to attract and retain customers and our rate of innovation, either of which could harm our business.

As a result of these global issues, as well as other factors discussed in these notes, it has been difficult to accurately forecast our revenues or financial results, especially given the near and long-term impacts of the economic and geopolitical issues, inflation, the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank interest rate increases and the potential for recession in both the United States and Germany. In addition, while the potential impact and duration of these issues on the economy and our business may be difficult to assess or predict, these world events have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, and may reduce our ability to access additional capital, which could negatively affect our liquidity in the future. Our results of operations could be materially below our forecasts as well, which could adversely affect our results of operations, disappoint analysts and investors, or cause our stock price to decline.

Management’s plans with respect to the above are to continue their efforts towards responding to the changing economic landscape, to continue to control costs, conserve cash, strengthen margins through the introduction of new product lines focusing on AI compute capabilities for military and industrial applications, autonomous truck diving and improve company-wide execution.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”), as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).

The unaudited consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the presumption that users of the interim financial information have either read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the latest year ended December 31, 2023.

Accordingly, note disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the December 31, 2023 audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted from these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management has evaluated all subsequent events and transactions through the date of filing this Quarterly Report.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. In the current year, the Company began disclosing as a separate component of revenue and cost of sales, the amounts related to customer funded development revenue and costs. Customer funded development is revenue from customers for which the Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time and for which the customer receives benefits as the Company performs. Products revenue performance obligations are typically satisfied at a point in time, predominately upon shipment.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OSS, which include the operating results of its wholly owned subsidiary, OSS GmbH, and its wholly owned subsidiary Bressner. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes to our accounting policies disclosed in our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

On an ongoing basis, our management evaluates these estimates and assumptions, including those related to determination of standalone selling prices of our products and services, allowance for credit losses and sales reserves, income tax valuations, stock-based compensation, goodwill, intangible assets and inventory valuations and recoverability. We base our estimates on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that our management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.

Due to the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ukraine war, the escalating conflicts in the middle east, inflationary pressures, other macroeconomic factors and the loss of our media and entertainment customer, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy, financial markets and our ongoing operations. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to our estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of this Quarterly Report. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to reportable segment disclosures." This amendment enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable “investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance” and assess “potential future cash flows.” The adoption of this amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods

within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Management does not anticipate any material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Short-Term Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Short-Term Investments

NOTE 3 - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

The Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of March 31, 2024, were as follows:

Description	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value
Level 1: (1)
Cash alternatives	$	1,101,930	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,101,930
Certificates of deposit		4,750,000		585		-		102,733		4,853,318
	$	5,851,930	$	585	$	-	$	102,733	$	5,955,248

(1)Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

The Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

Description	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value
Level 1: (1)
Cash alternatives	$	76,709	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	76,709
Certificates of deposit		7,585,000		5,793		-		104,318		7,695,111
	$	7,661,709	$	5,793	$	-	$	104,318	$	7,771,820

(1)Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Cash alternatives represents cash balances in savings accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills that are temporarily on-hand that are immediately available for investments in accordance with the Company’s investment policy.

The Company typically invests in highly rated securities and its investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy requires investments in fixed income instruments denominated and payable in U.S. dollars only and requires investments to be investment grade, with a primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss.

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Accounts Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounts Receivable Net Current [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

NOTE 4 -ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Accounts receivable	$	7,456,570		$	8,368,279
Less: allowance for credit losses		(49,804	)		(50,032	)
	$	7,406,766		$	8,318,247

Provision for bad debt expense related to accounts receivable was $0 and $30,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following tables represent the changes in the allowance for credit losses associated with our trade receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Allowance for Credit Losses	2024			2023
Balance on January 1,	$	(50,032	)	$	(45,357	)
Provision charged to expense		-			(30,000	)
Receivables written-off		-			-
Recoveries of receivables previously written-off		-			-
Effects of change in exchange rates		228			(471	)
Balance on March 31,	$	(49,804	)	$	(75,828	)

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES

Inventories, net consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Raw materials	$	11,990,129		$	12,975,235
Sub-assemblies		820,138			454,181
Work-in-process		771,716			344,685
Finished goods		9,939,983			9,824,987
		23,521,966			23,599,088
Less: allowances for obsolete and slow-moving inventories		(2,038,154	)		(1,904,340	)
	$	21,483,812		$	21,694,748

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Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accrued Liabilities And Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

NOTE 6 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued compensation and related liabilities	$	1,166,061	$	1,023,902
Deferred revenue		289,464		299,514
Customer deposits		317,537		27,447
Warranty reserve		583,861		607,809
Trade and other taxes		582,822		392,336
Other accrued expenses		867,300		851,511
	$	3,807,045	$	3,202,519

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

NOTE 7 – DEBT

Bank Lines of Credit

In April 2022, the Company obtained a domestic revolving line of credit of $2,000,000 with Torrey Pines Bank which was renewed in April 2023, and renews on an annual basis at the current prime rate. To access this line of credit, the Company must maintain cash and investments balances at a minimum of $4,000,000. No balance was outstanding on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Bressner has three revolving lines of credit with German institutions, including Uni Credit Bank AG, Commerzbank AG, and VR Bank, with total availability of up to €2,700,000 (US$2,931,781) as of March 31, 2024. Borrowings under the lines of credit bear interest at a variable rate of Euribor plus a stated rate. The rates as of

March 31, 2024, for the lines of credit ranged from 3.1% to 5.62%, with the balances remaining open indefinitely or until occurrence of a defined change of control event. There were no outstanding lines of credit balances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Foreign Debt Obligations

Bressner had three term loans outstanding as of March 31, 2024, with an aggregate balance outstanding of €1,255,419 (US$1,357,201) as follows:

•On June 18, 2021, Bressner converted €500,000 of its line of credit from UniCredit Bank into a note payable. The note was originally due December 17, 2021, and subsequently extended through June 17, 2022. On June 17, 2022, this note was further extended through December 19, 2022, with accrued interest having been paid current as of the revised maturity date. On December 19, 2022, this note was extended through June 19, 2023. However, on June 19, 2023, this note was further extended through December 19, 2023, and the interest rate was increased to 5.80%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of June 19, 2023. On December 29, 2023, this note was further extended through June 19, 2024, with accrued interest having been paid current as of December 19, 2023. The balance outstanding on the note as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €500,000 (US$540,537) and €500,000 (US$551,948) respectively;

•On April 9, 2021, Bressner converted €500,000 of its line of credit from Commerzbank AG into a note payable. The note was due on September 30, 2021, with a payment of principal and interest due upon maturity. This loan was paid in full on September 30, 2021, with proceeds from a new note with similar terms. This new note had an original maturity date of June 30, 2022; however, this note was further extended through March 31, 2023, with accrued interest having been paid current as of the revised maturity date. On March 30, 2023, this note was further extended through September 29, 2023, and the interest rate was increased to 4.60%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of March 30, 2023. On September 29, 2023, this note was further extended through March 28, 2024, and the interest rate was increased to 5.75%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of September 29, 2023. On March 28, 2024, this note was further extended through September 30, 2024, and the interest rate was reduced to 5.50%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of March 28, 2024. The balance outstanding on the new note as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €500,000 (US$540,537), and €500,000 (US$551,949), respectively; and

•On June 30, 2022, Bressner borrowed €1,500,000 (US$1,468,173) from Commerzbank AG, which bears interest at 2.55%, is due in June 2024, and is repayable in twenty-four monthly installments, with payments beginning July 31, 2022. The balance outstanding as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €255,419 (US$276,127) and €382,327 (US$422,050, respectively. This loan is collateralized by accounts receivable attributable to a specific customer.

Additionally, on February 16, 2022, Bressner converted €500,000 of its line of credit from UniCredit Bank into a note payable. On August 16, 2022, this note was extended through February 16, 2023, with accrued interest having been paid current as of the original maturity date. On February 16, 2023, this note was further extended through August 16, 2023, and on August 16, 2023, this note was further extended through February 16, 2024, and the interest rate was increased to 5.63%, with accrued interest having been paid current as of August 16, 2023. The note was repaid in full during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, and the outstanding balance as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was €0 (US$0) and €500,000 (US$551,948), respectively.

A summary of outstanding debt obligations as of March 31, 2024, was as follows:

Loan Description	Current Interest Rate	Maturity Date	Balance (Euro)		Balance ($)		Current Portion
Foreign:
Commerzbank AG	2.55%	June-24	€	255,419	$	276,127	$	276,127
Commerzbank AG	5.50%	September-24		500,000		540,537		540,537
Uni Credit Bank AG	5.80%	June-24		500,000		540,537		540,537
			€	1,255,419	$	1,357,201	$	1,357,201

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

NOTE 8 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on December 14, 2017, authorizes the Company to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock and 50,000,000 shares of common stock.

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

On October 10, 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved and adopted the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended to date, the “2017 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval thereof. On December 18, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan allows for the grant of a variety of equity vehicles to provide flexibility in the grant and issuance of equity awards, including stock options, unrestricted stock grants, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock bonuses and performance-based awards. An aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan.

On June 24, 2020, the Company amended the 2017 Plan to increase the maximum number of shares of common stock with respect to one or more Stock Awards (as defined in the 2017 Plan) that may be granted to any one participant under the 2017 Plan during any calendar year from 500,000 shares to 1,000,000 shares. The amendment did not increase the total number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan and did not require stockholder approval.

On May 19, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s proposal to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan from 1,500,000 shares to 3,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan. The amendment took effect upon receipt of stockholder approval.

On March 15, 2024, the Company’s board of directors unanimously approved, subject to stockholder approval, an amendment to the 2017 Plan (the “Plan Amendment”), which, if approved by our stockholders, would result in an increase in the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 shares. The Plan Amendment will be presented to stockholders for approval at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. If approved by stockholders at the meeting, the Plan Amendment will be effective as of the date of such approval.

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity under the Company’s current equity incentive plans during the three month period ended March 31, 2024, was as follows:

	Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Underlying Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding on January 1, 2024		1,323,760		$	2.37		4.06	$	169,802
Granted		-			-		-		-
Forfeited / Canceled		(29,784	)		-		-		-
Exercised		(73,426	)		-		-		-
Outstanding on March 31, 2024		1,220,550		$	2.41		4.12	$	1,088,360
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		820,550		$	2.14		1.65	$	964,360
Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2024		820,550		$	2.14		1.65	$	964,360

As of March 31, 2024, there was $633,106 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.83 years.

There were no options granted during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents the grant date fair value of options vested and the intrinsic value of options exercised:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Grant date fair value of options vested	$	852,061	$	832,742
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	123,658	$	60,058

If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested awards, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase, or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense or calculate and record additional expense. Future stock-based compensation expense and unearned stock-based compensation will increase to the extent that the Company grants additional common stock options or other stock-based awards.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs may be granted at the discretion of the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors under the 2017 Plan in connection with the hiring and retention of personnel and are subject to certain conditions. RSUs generally vest quarterly or semi-annually over a period of one to three years and are typically forfeited if employment is terminated before the RSUs vest. The compensation expense related to the RSUs is calculated as the fair value of the common stock on the grant date and is amortized to expense over the vesting period and is adjusted for estimated forfeitures.

The Company’s RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Underlying Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested on January 1, 2024		1,093,489		$	3.04
Granted		6,250		$	2.09
Vested		(208,772	)	$	3.00
Canceled		-		$	-
Unvested on March 31, 2024		890,967		$	3.04

As of March 31, 2024, there was $2,264,735 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.37 years.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was comprised of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Stock-based compensation classified as:	2024		2023
General and administrative	$	219,134	$	293,995
Production		58,053		67,441
Marketing and selling		23,786		59,989
Product and programs		51,357
Research and development		56,410		52,784
	$	408,740	$	474,209

Warrants

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Warrants outstanding – January 1, 2024		43,022	$	2.15
Warrants granted		-	$	-
Warrants expired		-	$	-
Warrants exercised		-	$	-
Warrants outstanding – March 31, 2024		43,022	$	2.15

Unless exercised, the warrants included in the above table will expire pursuant to their terms in April 2024.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal

We are subject to litigation, claims, investigations, and audits arising from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. When applicable, we record accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. While the outcome of lawsuits and other proceedings against us cannot be predicted with certainty, in our opinion, individually or in the aggregate, no such lawsuits are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of any such matters as of March 31, 2024, are not expected to have a materially adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Guarantees and Indemnities

The Company has made certain indemnities, under which it may be required to make payments to an indemnified party, in relation to certain transactions. The Company indemnifies its directors, officers, employees, and agents to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. In connection with its facility lease, the Company has indemnified its lessor for certain claims arising from the use of the facilities. The duration of the indemnities varies, and in many cases is indefinite. These indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments the Company could be obligated to make. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Leases

The Company leases its offices, manufacturing, and warehouse facility in San Diego County under a non-cancelable operating lease. Our corporate headquarters are in a leased space comprising of approximately 29,342 square feet in Escondido, California under a lease that was last modified and extended in September 2023 and expires in August 2030. The Company also leases a 3,208 square foot facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, under a lease expiring in June 2025, that houses our Ion software development team. Additionally, we lease a 1,632 square foot facility located in Anaheim, California, with the lease expiring in June 2025. Bressner leases space in Germany comprising of 11,836 square feet on a month-to-month basis. For the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, rent expense was $174,415 and $137,569, respectively.

Other information related to leases as of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease expense	$	174,415	$	137,569
Total lease expense	$	174,415	$	137,569
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	111,784	$	160,348
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	-	$	-
Operating lease obligation for new operating leases	$	-	$	-
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	70.4 months		17.5 months
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	13.6%		12.7%

The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024:

Year	Operating Leases
Remaining 2024	$	502,574
2025		470,271
2026		408,282
2027		403,771
2028		419,922
Thereafter		735,528
Total lease payments		2,940,348
Less: Amount representing interest		(833,127	)
Present value of lease payment		2,107,221
Less: current portion of operating lease obligation		(413,679	)
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion	$	1,693,542

Purchase Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into purchase commitments for inventory components to be delivered based upon non-cancellable, pre-established, delivery schedules that are over a period that may exceed one year. Total non-cancellable purchase orders as of March 31, 2024, were $5,708,712.

Customer Concentration

During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had one customer, in each period, that accounted for (in the aggregate) approximately 16% and 29%, respectively, of revenue for which each represented greater than 10% of our consolidated quarterly revenue.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had one and two customers, respectively, in each period that accounted for (in the aggregate) approximately 12% and 22%, respectively, of trade accounts receivables for which each of such customer’s balances represented greater than 10% of our consolidated trade accounts receivable balance.

During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had one and two vendors, respectively, in each period that accounted for (in the aggregate) approximately 34% and 18%, respectively, of purchases from vendors/suppliers for which each represents greater than 10% of our consolidated purchases.

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Net Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

NOTE 10 – NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted net loss per share were calculated as follows for the three periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		20,709,234			20,251,509
Effect of dilutive securities		-			-
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		20,709,234			20,251,509
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)
Diluted	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)

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Revenue, Segment and Geographic Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Revenue, Segment and Geographic Information

NOTE 11 – REVENUE, SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company operates in two reportable segments: (i) the design and manufacture of high-performance customized computers and flash arrays, in-flight entertainment and connectivity, and (ii) our subsidiary, Bressner, which operates as a value-added reseller with minimal product customization. The Company evaluates financial performance on a company-wide basis.

Segment details for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024									For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	OSS			Bressner			Total			OSS			Bressner			Total
Revenues	$	5,533,872		$	7,117,914		$	12,651,786		$	8,630,586		$	8,151,308		$	16,781,894
Cost of revenues		(3,641,095	)		(5,287,398	)		(8,928,493	)		(5,501,710	)		(6,209,422	)		(11,711,132	)
Gross profit		1,892,777			1,830,516			3,723,293			3,128,876			1,941,886			5,070,762
Gross margin %	34.2%			25.7%			29.4%			36.3%			23.8%			30.2%
Total operating expenses		(3,847,270	)		(1,138,037	)		(4,985,307	)		(4,238,093	)		(1,029,017	)		(5,267,110	)
(Loss) income from operations	$	(1,954,493	)	$	692,479		$	(1,262,014	)	$	(1,109,217	)	$	912,869		$	(196,348	)

The table below presents the deferred revenue, warranties and deposit balances along with the significant activity affecting balances during the three months periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	March 31,
Deferred revenue and warranties	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	299,514		$	378,952
Additions during the period		30,976			61,008
Revenue recognized from beginning of period		(41,026	)		(38,709	)
Revenue recognized from additions		-			(59	)
Ending balance	$	289,464		$	401,192
	March 31,
Deposits	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	27,447		$	61,696
Additions during the period		294,736			388,098
Deposits recognized from beginning of period		(3,375	)		(1,578	)
Deposits recognized from additions		(1,271	)		(37,618	)
Ending balance	$	317,537		$	410,598

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $1,249,721 of remaining performance obligations under fully funded contracts for customer funded development. The Company currently expects to recognize the remaining performance obligations as revenue in fiscal 2024. Customer funded development is revenue from customers for which the Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time and for which the customer receives benefits as the Company performs. Products revenue performance obligations are typically satisfied at a point in time, predominately upon shipment.

Revenue from customers with non-U.S. billing addresses represented approximately 60% of the Company’s revenue during each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, substantially all the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States of America, with the exception of assets of $410,207 located in Germany.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

NOTE 12 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events after the consolidated balance sheet dated as of March 31, 2024, through the date of filing of this Quarterly Report. Based upon the evaluation, management has determined that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the accompanying consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes thereto.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”), as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).

The unaudited consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the presumption that users of the interim financial information have either read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the latest year ended December 31, 2023.

Accordingly, note disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the December 31, 2023 audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted from these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management has evaluated all subsequent events and transactions through the date of filing this Quarterly Report.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. In the current year, the Company began disclosing as a separate component of revenue and cost of sales, the amounts related to customer funded development revenue and costs. Customer funded development is revenue from customers for which the Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time and for which the customer receives benefits as the Company performs. Products revenue performance obligations are typically satisfied at a point in time, predominately upon shipment.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OSS, which include the operating results of its wholly owned subsidiary, OSS GmbH, and its wholly owned subsidiary Bressner. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

On an ongoing basis, our management evaluates these estimates and assumptions, including those related to determination of standalone selling prices of our products and services, allowance for credit losses and sales reserves, income tax valuations, stock-based compensation, goodwill, intangible assets and inventory valuations and recoverability. We base our estimates on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that our management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.

Due to the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ukraine war, the escalating conflicts in the middle east, inflationary pressures, other macroeconomic factors and the loss of our media and entertainment customer, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy, financial markets and our ongoing operations. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to our estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of this Quarterly Report. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to reportable segment disclosures." This amendment enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable “investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance” and assess “potential future cash flows.” The adoption of this amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods

within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Management does not anticipate any material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Short-Term Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of Short-Term Investments by Significant Investment Category

The Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of March 31, 2024, were as follows:

Description	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value
Level 1: (1)
Cash alternatives	$	1,101,930	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,101,930
Certificates of deposit		4,750,000		585		-		102,733		4,853,318
	$	5,851,930	$	585	$	-	$	102,733	$	5,955,248

(1)Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

The Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

Description	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value
Level 1: (1)
Cash alternatives	$	76,709	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	76,709
Certificates of deposit		7,585,000		5,793		-		104,318		7,695,111
	$	7,661,709	$	5,793	$	-	$	104,318	$	7,771,820

(1)Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Accounts Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounts Receivable Net Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Accounts receivable	$	7,456,570		$	8,368,279
Less: allowance for credit losses		(49,804	)		(50,032	)
	$	7,406,766		$	8,318,247

Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses Associated with Trade Receivables

The following tables represent the changes in the allowance for credit losses associated with our trade receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Allowance for Credit Losses	2024			2023
Balance on January 1,	$	(50,032	)	$	(45,357	)
Provision charged to expense		-			(30,000	)
Receivables written-off		-			-
Recoveries of receivables previously written-off		-			-
Effects of change in exchange rates		228			(471	)
Balance on March 31,	$	(49,804	)	$	(75,828	)

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Inventories, Net

Inventories, net consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Raw materials	$	11,990,129		$	12,975,235
Sub-assemblies		820,138			454,181
Work-in-process		771,716			344,685
Finished goods		9,939,983			9,824,987
		23,521,966			23,599,088
Less: allowances for obsolete and slow-moving inventories		(2,038,154	)		(1,904,340	)
	$	21,483,812		$	21,694,748

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Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accrued Liabilities And Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued compensation and related liabilities	$	1,166,061	$	1,023,902
Deferred revenue		289,464		299,514
Customer deposits		317,537		27,447
Warranty reserve		583,861		607,809
Trade and other taxes		582,822		392,336
Other accrued expenses		867,300		851,511
	$	3,807,045	$	3,202,519

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Outstanding Debt Obligations

A summary of outstanding debt obligations as of March 31, 2024, was as follows:

Loan Description	Current Interest Rate	Maturity Date	Balance (Euro)		Balance ($)		Current Portion
Foreign:
Commerzbank AG	2.55%	June-24	€	255,419	$	276,127	$	276,127
Commerzbank AG	5.50%	September-24		500,000		540,537		540,537
Uni Credit Bank AG	5.80%	June-24		500,000		540,537		540,537
			€	1,255,419	$	1,357,201	$	1,357,201

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

A summary of stock option activity under the Company’s current equity incentive plans during the three month period ended March 31, 2024, was as follows:

	Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Underlying Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding on January 1, 2024		1,323,760		$	2.37		4.06	$	169,802
Granted		-			-		-		-
Forfeited / Canceled		(29,784	)		-		-		-
Exercised		(73,426	)		-		-		-
Outstanding on March 31, 2024		1,220,550		$	2.41		4.12	$	1,088,360
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		820,550		$	2.14		1.65	$	964,360
Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2024		820,550		$	2.14		1.65	$	964,360

Schedule of Assumption to Calculate Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Options Grant

There were no options granted during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents the grant date fair value of options vested and the intrinsic value of options exercised:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Grant date fair value of options vested	$	852,061	$	832,742
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	123,658	$	60,058

I

Schedule of RSU Activity

The Company’s RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Underlying Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested on January 1, 2024		1,093,489		$	3.04
Granted		6,250		$	2.09
Vested		(208,772	)	$	3.00
Canceled		-		$	-
Unvested on March 31, 2024		890,967		$	3.04

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was comprised of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Stock-based compensation classified as:	2024		2023
General and administrative	$	219,134	$	293,995
Production		58,053		67,441
Marketing and selling		23,786		59,989
Product and programs		51,357
Research and development		56,410		52,784
	$	408,740	$	474,209

Schedule of Warrant Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Warrants outstanding – January 1, 2024		43,022	$	2.15
Warrants granted		-	$	-
Warrants expired		-	$	-
Warrants exercised		-	$	-
Warrants outstanding – March 31, 2024		43,022	$	2.15

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other information Related to Leases

Other information related to leases as of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease expense	$	174,415	$	137,569
Total lease expense	$	174,415	$	137,569
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	111,784	$	160,348
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	-	$	-
Operating lease obligation for new operating leases	$	-	$	-
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	70.4 months		17.5 months
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	13.6%		12.7%

Summary of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities

The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024:

Year	Operating Leases
Remaining 2024	$	502,574
2025		470,271
2026		408,282
2027		403,771
2028		419,922
Thereafter		735,528
Total lease payments		2,940,348
Less: Amount representing interest		(833,127	)
Present value of lease payment		2,107,221
Less: current portion of operating lease obligation		(413,679	)
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion	$	1,693,542

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share were calculated as follows for the three periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(1,339,622	)	$	(400,512	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		20,709,234			20,251,509
Effect of dilutive securities		-			-
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		20,709,234			20,251,509
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)
Diluted	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.02	)

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Revenue, Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of (Loss) Income from Operations by Reporting Segments

Segment details for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024									For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	OSS			Bressner			Total			OSS			Bressner			Total
Revenues	$	5,533,872		$	7,117,914		$	12,651,786		$	8,630,586		$	8,151,308		$	16,781,894
Cost of revenues		(3,641,095	)		(5,287,398	)		(8,928,493	)		(5,501,710	)		(6,209,422	)		(11,711,132	)
Gross profit		1,892,777			1,830,516			3,723,293			3,128,876			1,941,886			5,070,762
Gross margin %	34.2%			25.7%			29.4%			36.3%			23.8%			30.2%
Total operating expenses		(3,847,270	)		(1,138,037	)		(4,985,307	)		(4,238,093	)		(1,029,017	)		(5,267,110	)
(Loss) income from operations	$	(1,954,493	)	$	692,479		$	(1,262,014	)	$	(1,109,217	)	$	912,869		$	(196,348	)

Schedule of Deferred Revenue, Warranties and Deposit Balances Along with Significant Activity Affecting Balances

The table below presents the deferred revenue, warranties and deposit balances along with the significant activity affecting balances during the three months periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	March 31,
Deferred revenue and warranties	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	299,514		$	378,952
Additions during the period		30,976			61,008
Revenue recognized from beginning of period		(41,026	)		(38,709	)
Revenue recognized from additions		-			(59	)
Ending balance	$	289,464		$	401,192
	March 31,
Deposits	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	27,447		$	61,696
Additions during the period		294,736			388,098
Deposits recognized from beginning of period		(3,375	)		(1,578	)
Deposits recognized from additions		(1,271	)		(37,618	)
Ending balance	$	317,537		$	410,598

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The Company and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details)	Oct. 31, 2018
OSS Europe
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Percentage of shares acquired	100.00%

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Short-Term Investments - Summary of Short-Term Investments by Significant Investment Category (Details) - Level 1 - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 5,851,930	[1]	$ 7,661,709	[2]
Gross Unrealized Gains	$ 585	[1]	$ 5,793	[2]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Short-term investments (Note 3)		Short-term investments (Note 3)
Accrued Interest	$ 102,733	[1]	$ 104,318	[2]
Estimated Fair Value	5,955,248	[1]	7,771,820	[2]
Cash Alternatives
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,101,930	[1]	76,709	[2]
Estimated Fair Value	1,101,930	[1]	76,709	[2]
Certificates of Deposit
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	4,750,000	[1]	7,585,000	[2]
Gross Unrealized Gains	585	[1]	5,793	[2]
Accrued Interest	102,733	[1]	104,318	[2]
Estimated Fair Value	$ 4,853,318	[1]	$ 7,695,111	[2]

[1] Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

[2] Level 1 fair value estimates are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Short-Term Investments - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 Issuer
Maximum
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of issuer, investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure	1

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Accounts Receivable - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable Net Current [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 7,456,570	$ 8,368,279
Less: allowance for credit losses	(49,804)	(50,032)
Accounts receivable, total	$ 7,406,766	$ 8,318,247

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Accounts Receivable - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable Net Current [Abstract]
Provision for bad debt expense	$ 0	$ 30,000

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Accounts Receivable - Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses Associated with Trade Receivables (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ (50,032)	$ (45,357)
Provision charged to expense	0	(30,000)
Effects of change in exchange rates	228	(471)
Balance	$ (49,804)	$ (75,828)

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Inventories - Summary of Inventories, Net (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 11,990,129	$ 12,975,235
Sub-assemblies	820,138	454,181
Work-in-process	771,716	344,685
Finished goods	9,939,983	9,824,987
Inventory gross	23,521,966	23,599,088
Less: allowances for obsolete and slow-moving inventories	(2,038,154)	(1,904,340)
Inventory net	$ 21,483,812	$ 21,694,748

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Long-Lived Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 15,808

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Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Liabilities And Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued compensation and related liabilities	$ 1,166,061	$ 1,023,902
Deferred revenue	289,464	299,514
Customer deposits	317,537	27,447
Warranty reserve	583,861	607,809
Trade and other taxes	582,822	392,336
Other accrued expenses	867,300	851,511
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 3,807,045	$ 3,202,519

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Debt - Additional Information (Details)							3 Months Ended
	Dec. 29, 2023	Jun. 19, 2023	Dec. 19, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 17, 2022	Jun. 18, 2021 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) LineofCredit TermLoan $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024 EUR (€) LineofCredit TermLoan	Mar. 28, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023 EUR (€)	Sep. 29, 2023	Mar. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022 EUR (€)	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 16, 2022 EUR (€)	Apr. 09, 2021 EUR (€)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Common stock, par value | $ / shares							$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001
Bressner Technology GmbH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount | €						€ 500,000										€ 500,000	€ 500,000
OSS Europe
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of term loans outstanding | TermLoan							3	3
Commerzbank AG
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate balance outstanding							$ 276,127	€ 255,419		$ 422,050	€ 382,327
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 1,468,173										€ 1,500,000
Debt installment term				24 months
Debt installments payment beginning date				Jul. 31, 2022
Term Loans | Bressner Technology GmbH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate balance outstanding							$ 1,357,201	€ 1,255,419
Debt instrument, maturity date						Dec. 17, 2021
Debt instrument, extended maturity date	Jun. 19, 2024	Dec. 19, 2023	Jun. 19, 2023		Dec. 19, 2022	Jun. 17, 2022
Debt instrument, modified interest rate		5.80%							5.50%			5.75%	4.60%			5.63%
Term Loans | Commerzbank AG
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate				2.55%										2.55%
German Institutions | Revolving Credit Facility | Bressner Technology GmbH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of lines of credit | LineofCredit							3	3
Total outstanding balance							$ 0			0
German Institutions | Revolving Credit Facility | Bressner Technology GmbH | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit current rate							3.10%
German Institutions | Revolving Credit Facility | Bressner Technology GmbH | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity							$ 2,931,781	€ 2,700,000
Line of credit current rate							5.62%
Torrey Pines Bank
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total outstanding balance							$ 0			0
Torrey Pines Bank | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash and investments balances maintained							4,000,000
Torrey Pines Bank | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity															$ 2,000,000
Line of Credit from UniCredit Bank | Term Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate balance outstanding							0	0		551,948	500,000
Line Of Credit From V R Bank | Term Loans | Bressner Technology GmbH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate balance outstanding							540,537	500,000		551,948	500,000
Line of Credit from Commerzbank AG | Term Loans | Bressner Technology GmbH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate balance outstanding							$ 540,537	€ 500,000		$ 551,949	€ 500,000

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Debt - Summary of Outstanding Debt Obligations (Details) - Foreign	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Balance	€ 1,255,419	$ 1,357,201
Current Portion		$ 1,357,201
Commerzbank AG | Note Payable Maturing on June 30, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current Interest Rate	2.55%	2.55%
Maturity Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Balance	€ 255,419	$ 276,127
Current Portion		$ 276,127
Commerzbank AG | Note Payable Maturing on September 30, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current Interest Rate	5.50%	5.50%
Maturity Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Balance	€ 500,000	$ 540,537
Current Portion		$ 540,537
Uni Credit Bank AG | Note Payable Maturing on June 30, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current Interest Rate	5.80%	5.80%
Maturity Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Balance	€ 500,000	$ 540,537
Current Portion		$ 540,537

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 15, 2024	Mar. 14, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	May 19, 2021	May 18, 2021	Jun. 24, 2020	Jun. 23, 2020	Dec. 18, 2017
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized	50,000,000				50,000,000
Number of shares granted	0	0
Restricted Stock Units
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Granted	6,250
Weighted average exercise price	$ 2.09
Unvested common stock options, net of estimated forfeitures	$ 2,264,735
Unearned stock-based compensation expected to be recognized	1 year 4 months 13 days
Unvested Stock Options
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Unvested common stock options, net of estimated forfeitures	$ 633,106
Unearned stock-based compensation expected to be recognized	1 year 9 months 29 days
2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock Units | Minimum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year
2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock Units | Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Vesting period	3 years
2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, reserved for future issuance										1,500,000
Shares authorized for issuance						3,000,000	1,500,000
Amendment to 2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized for issuance			5,000,000	3,000,000				1,000,000	500,000

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Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Underlying of Shares, Granted	0	0
Number of Underlying of Shares, Forfeited / Canceled	(29,784)
Number of Underlying of Shares, Exercised	(73,426)
Number of Shares, Exercisable ending balance	820,550
Number of Shares, Vested and expected to vest ending balance	820,550
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable ending balance	$ 2.14
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Vested and expected to vest ending balance	$ 2.14
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Exercisable balance	1 year 7 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Vested and expected to vest balance	1 year 7 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable balance	$ 964,360
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest balance	$ 964,360
Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Underlying of Shares, Outstanding beginning balance	1,323,760
Number of Underlying of Shares, Outstanding ending balance	1,220,550		1,323,760
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding beginning balance	$ 2.37
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding ending balance	$ 2.41		$ 2.37
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding balance	4 years 1 month 13 days		4 years 21 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding balance	$ 1,088,360		$ 169,802

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Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Assumption to Calculate Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Options Grant (Details) - Common Stock - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Grant date fair value of options vested	$ 852,061	$ 832,742
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 123,658	$ 60,058

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Stockholders' Equity - Summary of RSU Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding beginning balance | shares	1,093,489
Number of Underlying Shares, Granted | shares	6,250
Number of Underlying Shares, Vested | shares	(208,772)
Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding ending balance | shares	890,967
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Outstanding beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 3.04
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted | $ / shares	2.09
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested | $ / shares	3
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value / Exercise Price, Outstanding ending balance | $ / shares	$ 3.04

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Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 408,740	$ 474,209
General and Administrative
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	219,134	293,995
Production
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	58,053	67,441
Marketing and Selling
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	23,786	59,989
Product and Programs
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	51,357
Research and Development
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 56,410	$ 52,784

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Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Warrant Activity (Details) - Warrants	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning Warrants outstanding | shares	43,022
Number of Shares, Ending Warrants outstanding | shares	43,022
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Outstanding beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 2.15
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value / Exercise Price, Outstanding ending balance | $ / shares	$ 2.15

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) ft² Vendor Customer	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) Vendor Customer	Dec. 31, 2023 Customer
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases	70 years 4 months 24 days	17 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	13.60%	12.70%
Rent expense | $	$ 174,415	$ 137,569
Purchase commitments description	In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into purchase commitments for inventory components to be delivered based upon non-cancellable, pre-established, delivery schedules that are over a period that may exceed one year.
Non-cancellable purchase commitments | $	$ 5,708,712
Number of customer's more than10% of revenue | Customer	1	1
Number of customers more than 10% of net trade accounts receivable | Customer	1		2
Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk | Significant Customers
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Customers accounted for 10% or more of quarterly revenues	16.00%	29.00%
Trade Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | Significant Customers
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Customers accounted for 10% or more of quarterly revenues	12.00%		22.00%
Net Purchases | Customer Concentration Risk | Vendors
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Customers accounted for 10% or more of quarterly revenues	34.00%	18.00%
Number of vendors 10% of our net purchases | Vendor	1	2
Offices, Manufacturing and Warehouse Facility
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, area	1,632
Operating lease, expiration date	Jun. 30, 2025
Offices, Manufacturing and Warehouse Facility | Bressner Technology GmbH
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, area	11,836
Offices, Manufacturing and Warehouse Facility | Escondido, California
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, area	29,342
Operating lease, expiration date	Aug. 31, 2030
Offices, Manufacturing and Warehouse Facility | Salt Lake City, Utah
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, area	3,208
Operating lease, expiration date	Jun. 30, 2025
Operating lease modified and extended date	2023-09

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Other information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 174,415	$ 137,569
Total lease expense	174,415	137,569
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 111,784	$ 160,348
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	70 years 4 months 24 days	17 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	13.60%	12.70%

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Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Lease Liabilities Payments Due [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 502,574
2025	470,271
2026	408,282
2027	403,771
2028	419,922
Thereafter	735,528
Total lease payments	2,940,348
Less: Amount representing interest	(833,127)
Present value of lease payment	2,107,221
Less: current portion of operating lease obligation	(413,679)	$ (390,926)
Operating lease obligation, net of current portion	$ 1,693,542	$ 1,765,536

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Net Loss Per Share - Summary of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (1,339,622)	$ (400,512)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	20,709,234	20,251,509
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	20,709,234	20,251,509
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ (0.06)	$ (0.02)
Diluted	$ (0.06)	$ (0.02)

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Revenue, Segment and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) Segment	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Number of Reportable Segments | Segment	2
Remaining performance obligations, amount	$ 1,249,721
Remaining performance obligations, expected to be recognized, year	2024
Remaining performance obligations, expected to be recognized, explanation	The Company currently expects to recognize the remaining performance obligations as revenue in fiscal 2024. Customer funded development is revenue from customers for which the Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time and for which the customer receives benefits as the Company performs. Products revenue performance obligations are typically satisfied at a point in time, predominately upon shipment.
Germany
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Exception of Long-Lived Assets	$ 410,207
Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk | Non-U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	60.00%	60.00%

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Revenue, Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of (Loss) Income from Operations by Reporting Segments (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Reconciling Item For Operating Profit Loss From Segment To Consolidated [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 12,651,786	$ 16,781,894
Cost of revenues	(8,928,493)	(11,711,132)
Gross profit	$ 3,723,293	$ 5,070,762
Gross margin %	29.40%	30.20%
Total operating expenses	$ (4,985,307)	$ (5,267,110)
Loss from operations	(1,262,014)	(196,348)
OSS
Segment Reporting Reconciling Item For Operating Profit Loss From Segment To Consolidated [Line Items]
Revenue	5,533,872	8,630,586
Cost of revenues	(3,641,095)	(5,501,710)
Gross profit	$ 1,892,777	$ 3,128,876
Gross margin %	34.20%	36.30%
Total operating expenses	$ (3,847,270)	$ (4,238,093)
Loss from operations	(1,954,493)	(1,109,217)
Bressner
Segment Reporting Reconciling Item For Operating Profit Loss From Segment To Consolidated [Line Items]
Revenue	7,117,914	8,151,308
Cost of revenues	(5,287,398)	(6,209,422)
Gross profit	$ 1,830,516	$ 1,941,886
Gross margin %	25.70%	23.80%
Total operating expenses	$ (1,138,037)	$ (1,029,017)
Loss from operations	$ 692,479	$ 912,869

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Revenue, Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of Deferred Revenue, Warranties and Deposit Balances Along with Significant Activity Affecting Balances (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 299,514
Ending balance	289,464
Deferred Revenue and Warranties
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Line Items]
Beginning balance	299,514	$ 378,952
Additions during the period	30,976	61,008
Revenue/Deposits recognized from beginning of period	(41,026)	(38,709)
Revenue/Deposits recognized from additions		(59)
Ending balance	289,464	401,192
Deposits
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Line Items]
Beginning balance	27,447	61,696
Additions during the period	294,736	388,098
Revenue/Deposits recognized from beginning of period	(3,375)	(1,578)
Revenue/Deposits recognized from additions	(1,271)	(37,618)
Ending balance	$ 317,537	$ 410,598