10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

___________________________________________________________________________ 

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________________________________________________ 

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-33554

___________________________________________________________________________ 

PROS HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________________________________________________________________ 

Delaware	76-0168604
(State of Incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3100 Main Street, Suite 900 Houston TX	77002
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)
(713) 335-5151
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

____________________________________________________

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	o	Accelerated Filer	x
Non-Accelerated Filer	o (do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller Reporting Company	o
Emerging Growth Company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o  No   x

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.001 par value, was 32,600,099 as of April 23, 2018.

PROS Holdings, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2018

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	29
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	30
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	30
Item 5.	Other Information	30
Item 6.	Exhibits	30
Signatures		31

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. These forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections, and the beliefs and assumptions of our management including, without limitation, our expectations regarding the following: our ability to execute on our revenue strategy shift to cloud-first, the license and subscription revenues generated by our software products and services; the impact of our revenue recognition policies; our belief that our current assets, including cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and expected cash flows from operating activities, will be sufficient to fund our operations; our belief that we will successfully integrate our acquisitions; our anticipated additions to property, plant and equipment; our belief that our facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current operating needs; and our belief that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates. Words such as, but not limited to, “we expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “project,” “believe,” “goals,” “estimate,” “potential,” “predict,” “may,” “might,” “could,” “would,” “intend,” and variations of these types of words and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements.

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PART I.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

PROS Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	148,146		$	160,505
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance of $760 and $760, respectively	29,031			32,484
Deferred costs	2,704			3,137
Prepaid and other current assets	7,294			5,930
Total current assets	187,175			202,056
Property and equipment, net	14,799			14,007
Long-term deferred costs	10,435			3,194
Intangibles, net	25,057			26,929
Goodwill	38,764			38,458
Other long-term assets	4,239			4,039
Total assets	$	280,469		$	288,683
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and other liabilities	$	3,606		$	2,976
Accrued liabilities	5,329			6,733
Accrued payroll and other employee benefits	8,530			16,712
Deferred revenue	83,682			75,604
Total current liabilities	101,147			102,025
Long-term deferred revenue	17,477			19,591
Convertible debt, net	216,131			213,203
Other long-term liabilities	853			843
Total liabilities	335,608			335,662
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 10)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized; 37,006,509 and 36,356,760 shares issued, respectively; 32,588,924 and 31,939,175 shares outstanding, respectively	37			36
Additional paid-in capital	208,368			207,924
Treasury stock, 4,417,585 common shares, at cost	(13,938		)	(13,938		)
Accumulated deficit	(247,317		)	(238,185		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,289		)	(2,816		)
Total stockholders' equity	(55,139		)	(46,979		)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	280,469		$	288,683

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROS Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Revenue:
Subscription	$	20,950		$	12,214
Maintenance and support	16,574			18,076
Total subscription, maintenance and support	37,524			30,290
License	1,066			2,190
Services	9,320			7,649
Total revenue	47,910			40,129
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	8,764			5,937
Maintenance and support	2,957			3,146
Total cost of subscription, maintenance and support	11,721			9,083
License	73			65
Services	7,727			7,461
Total cost of revenue	19,521			16,609
Gross profit	28,389			23,520
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	17,568			16,473
General and administrative	10,689			10,408
Research and development	14,784			14,307
Acquisition-related	95			—
Loss from operations	(14,747		)	(17,668		)
Convertible debt interest and amortization	(4,179		)	(2,394		)
Other income (expense), net	202			32
Loss before income tax provision	(18,724		)	(20,030		)
Income tax provision	132			177
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(20,207	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)
Weighted average number of shares:
Basic and diluted	32,378			31,099
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$	527		$	260
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities	—			(13		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	527			247
Comprehensive loss	$	(18,329	)	$	(19,960	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

PROS Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(20,207	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,364			2,033
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	2,941			1,675
Share-based compensation	5,936			6,162
Deferred income tax, net	—			33
Loss on disposal of assets	35			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and unbilled receivables	3,454			543
Deferred costs	238			—
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,575		)	(666		)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	690			3,631
Accrued liabilities	(1,415		)	434
Accrued payroll and other employee benefits	(8,181		)	(10,957		)
Deferred revenue	8,637			5,126
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,732		)	(12,193		)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(778		)	(484		)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs	(1,316		)	(572		)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	—			9,983
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(2,094		)	8,927
Financing activities:
Exercise of stock options	875			2,198
Proceeds from employee stock plans	834			776
Tax withholding related to net share settlement of stock awards	(7,255		)	(5,665		)
Payments of notes payable	(58		)	(50		)
Debt issuance costs related to Revolver	—			(125		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(5,604		)	(2,866		)
Effect of foreign currency rates on cash	71			(39		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(12,359		)	(6,171		)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period	160,505			118,039
End of period	$	148,146		$	111,868

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROS Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Nature of Operations

PROS Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, through its operating subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company"), provides cloud-based solutions to power the shift to modern commerce by helping companies create personalized and frictionless buying experiences for their customers. Fueled by artificial intelligence, machine learning and proven science, the Company's solutions make it possible for companies to price, configure and sell their products and services in an omnichannel environment with speed, precision and consistency. The Company's customers benefit from decades of data science expertise infused into its purpose-built industry solutions. The Company provides its solutions to enterprises across the manufacturing, distribution and services industries, including automotive and industrial, business-to-business ("B2B") services, cargo, chemicals and energy, consumer goods, insurance, food and beverage, healthcare, high tech, and travel. The Company also provides professional services to implement its software applications. In addition, the Company provides product maintenance and support to its customers through which they receive unspecified upgrades, maintenance releases and bug fixes during the term of the support period on a when-and-if-available basis.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial reporting and applicable quarterly reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In management's opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2018, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 ("Annual Report") filed with the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required under GAAP.

Changes in accounting policies

The Company has consistently applied these accounting policies to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, except for the Company's adoption of certain accounting standards described in more detail under "Recently adopted accounting pronouncements" in this Note 2below.

Basis of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and a subsidiary where the Company exercises control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The functional currency of PROS France SAS ("PROS France") is the euro. The financial statements of this subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, historical rates of exchange for equity, and average rates of exchange for the period for revenue and expenses. Translation gains (losses) are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of stockholders' equity.

Dollar amounts

The dollar amounts presented in the tabular data within these footnote disclosures are stated in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts, or as noted within the context of each footnote disclosure.

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Use of estimates

The Company makes estimates and assumptions in the preparation of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and its estimates and assumptions may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The complexity and judgment required in the Company's estimation process, as well as issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the application of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue. Estimates are also used for, but not limited to, receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of assets, depreciation and amortization, income taxes and deferred tax asset valuation, valuation of stock options, other current liabilities and accrued liabilities. Numerous internal and external factors can affect estimates. The critical accounting policies related to estimates and judgments are discussed in the Annual Report under management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and are also discussed under Item 2 "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations".

Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from subscription services, professional services, perpetual licensing of its software products and associated software maintenance and support services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the customer contract(s);

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation in the customer contract(s); and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Subscription services revenue

Subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that give customers access to one or more of the Company's cloud applications with routine customer support. Subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that the Company's service is made available to the customer. The Company's subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and, as a result, are accounted for as service contracts. The Company's subscription contracts are generally two to five years in length, billed annually in advance, and are non-cancelable.

Maintenance and support revenue

Maintenance and support revenue includes post-implementation customer support and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements. The Company recognizes revenue from maintenance arrangements ratably over the period in which the services are provided. The Company's maintenance and support contracts are generally one to three years in length, billed annually in advance, and non-cancelable.

License revenue

Licenses for on-premise software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. License revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. For customer contracts that contain license and professional services that are not considered distinct, the license and professional services are determined to be a single performance obligation and recognized over time based upon the Company's efforts to satisfy the performance obligation.

Professional services revenue

Professional services revenue primarily consists of fees for deployment and configuration services, as well as training. Professional services revenues are generally recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts, or on a

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proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts. The majority of the Company's professional services contracts are on a time and materials basis. Training revenues are recognized as the services are rendered.

Significant judgments are required in determining whether professional services that are contained in customer subscription services contracts are considered distinct, including whether the professional services are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract. Professional services that are deemed to be distinct are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the services are performed. If determined that the professional services are not considered distinct, the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer.

Customer Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

A portion of the Company's customer contracts contain multiple performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining whether multiple performance obligations contained in customer contracts are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in customer contracts. If the obligations are determined to be distinct, each separate performance obligation is recognized when, or as, the Company satisfies the performance obligation. If the obligations are not determined to be distinct, they are recognized as a single combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.

Business combinations

The Company records tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Amounts paid for each acquisition are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, particularly acquired intangible assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. Each asset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant.

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company's estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period, the Company reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company's preliminary estimates to goodwill. Any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations upon the earlier of the conclusion of the measurement period and final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed.

Internal-use software

Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the development stage are capitalized, stated at cost, and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Development stage costs generally include salaries and personnel costs and third-party contractor expenses associated with internal-use software configuration, coding, installation and testing. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company capitalized $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of internal-use software development costs related to cloud-based offerings. Capitalized internal-use software development costs related to cloud-based offerings are amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life of the asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company amortized $0.2 million and zero, respectively, of capitalized internal-use software development costs. Capitalized software for internal use is included in property and equipment, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs, once it commences, is included in cost of subscription revenues in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes comparison of future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets with the associated assets' carrying value. If the carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds its expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), an impairment loss is

9

recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded no impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Noncash share-based compensation

The Company measures all share-based payments to its employees based on the grant date fair value of the awards and recognizes expenses in the Company's unaudited consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) on a straight-line basis over the periods during which the recipient is required to perform services (generally over the vesting period of the awards). To date, the Company has granted stock options, Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), stock settled Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs"), and Market Stock Units ("MSUs"). RSUs include (i) time-based awards, and (ii) market-based awards in which the number of shares that vest are based upon attainment of target average per share closing price over a requisite trading period. MSUs are performance-based awards in which the number of shares that vest are based upon the Company's relative stockholder return.

The following table presents the number of shares or units outstanding for each award type as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, (in thousands):

Award type	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Stock options	45	135
Restricted stock units (time-based)	2,109	2,133
Restricted stock units (market-based)	345	345
Stock appreciation rights	303	356
Market stock units	419	387

Stock options, time-based RSUs and SARs vest ratably between one and four years. Market-based RSUs vest if the average trailing closing price of the Company's Common Stock meets certain minimum performance hurdles for at least 105 calendar days prior to September 9, 2020, with 25% vesting at $27, an additional 25% vesting at $33, and the remaining 50% vesting at $41. The actual number of MSUs that will be eligible to vest is based on the total stockholder return of the Company relative to the total stockholder return of the Russell 2000 Index ("Index") over their respective performance periods, as defined by each award's plan documents. The Company did not grant any stock options or SARs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

The fair value of the time-based RSUs is based on the closing price of the Company's stock on the date of grant.

The Company estimates the fair value and the derived service period of the market-based RSUs on the date of grant using a 'Monte Carlo' simulation model. The model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the expected volatility of the Company's stock, its risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatility of the Company over the performance period.

The fair value of the market-based RSUs is expensed over the derived service period for each separate vesting tranche. The derived service period for the vesting tranches of the market-based RSUs ranges between 1.01 and 1.98 years.

The Company estimates the fair value of MSUs on the date of grant using a 'Monte Carlo' simulation model. The determination of fair value of the MSUs is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions including the expected volatilities of the Company's stock and the Index, its risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of the Company and the Index over the performance period.

The weighted average assumptions used to value the MSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:

	March 31, 2018
Volatility	43.67%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%
Expected option life in years	2.97
Dividend yield	—

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Earnings per share

The Company computes basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares then outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities, using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, shares of unvested restricted stock units, and settlement of stock appreciation rights. When the Company incurs a net loss, the effect of the Company's outstanding stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock units are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share are identical.

Cost method investment

Investments in equity securities of privately held companies without readily determinable fair value, where the Company does not exercise significant influence over the investee, are recorded using the cost method of accounting, carrying the investment at historical cost. If there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that might have an adverse effect on the cost method investments, the Company does not estimate the investments' fair value. For all investments, if a decline in the fair value of an investment below the carrying value is determined to be other-than-temporary, such investment is written down to its estimated fair value with a charge to current earnings.

At both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $2.0 million of equity securities in a privately held company. This investment is accounted for under the cost method and the Company measures it at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company estimates fair value of its cost method investment considering available information such as pricing in recent rounds of financing, current cash positions, earnings and cash flow forecasts, recent operational performance and any other readily available market data, which represents level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as defined by Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 820, "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure" ("ASC 820"). As of March 31, 2018, the Company determined there were no other-than-temporary impairments on its cost method investment. 

Fair value measurement

The Company's financial assets that are included in cash and cash equivalents and that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of $135.9 million and $131.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and were invested in treasury money market funds. The fair value of the treasury money market funds is determined based on quoted market prices, which represents level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as defined by ASC 820.

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables are primarily comprised of trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, contract assets and unbilled receivables. The Company records trade accounts receivable for its unconditional rights to consideration arising from the Company's performance under contracts with customers. The Company's standard billing terms are that payment is due upon receipt of invoice, payable generally within 30 to 60 days. The carrying value of such receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents their estimated net realizable value. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts for specific trade receivable balances based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding trade receivables, existing economic conditions, and any financial security associated with the receivables.

Contract assets represent conditional rights to consideration that have been recognized as revenue in advance of billing the customer. Unbilled receivables represent unconditional rights to consideration arising from contingent revenue, that have been recognized as revenue in advance of billing the customer.

Deferred costs

Sales commissions earned by the Company's sales representatives are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a customer contract. Sales commissions are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit which the Company has determined to be five to eight years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its customer contracts, expected renewals as the Company currently does not pay an incremental sales commission, the Company's technology and other factors. The Company also defers amounts earned by employees other than sales representatives who earn incentive payments under compensation plans that are also tied to the value of customer contracts acquired.

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Deferred costs were $13.1 million and $6.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs was $0.7 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of customer invoicing in advance of revenues being recognized. The Company generally invoices its customers annually in advance for subscription services and maintenance and support services. Deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized during the next twelve-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term.

Credit facility

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its $50.0 million secured Credit Agreement ("Revolver") with the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as agent for the lenders party thereto. The Company included$0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Revolver in prepaid and other current assets and other long-term assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of amortization of debt issuance cost which is included in other income (expense), net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Income taxes

The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily related to foreign income taxes and state taxes not based on income. The effective tax rate for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was (1)%. The income tax rates vary from the federal and state statutory rates primarily due to the valuation allowances on the Company’s deferred tax assets, the limitation on deductibility of certain officers’ compensation, and foreign and state taxes not based on income. The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate at the end of each quarterly period. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year where no tax benefit can be recognized due to the valuation allowances on the Company’s deferred tax assets are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter depending on the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Topic 606

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("Topic 606"). Topic 606 replaces the prior revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition" ("Topic 605" or "Prior Guidance") with a comprehensive revenue measurement and recognition standard, and expanded disclosure requirements. The new standard also provides guidance on the recognition of costs related to obtaining customer contracts. Topic 606 took effect in the first quarter of 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company adopted Topic 606 and applied Topic 606 to those contracts which were not complete as of January 1, 2018using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting under the Prior Guidance.

The most significant impact of Topic 606 relates to the Company's accounting for arrangements that include term-based software licenses bundled with maintenance and support, the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including the period of amortization of such costs, and additional disclosures. Under the Prior Guidance, revenue attributable to term-based software licenses was recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement when vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") did not exist for the undelivered maintenance and support element because it was not sold separately. Topic 606 does not require VSOE for undelivered elements to separate revenue for the delivered software licenses. Accordingly, under the new standard, the Company is required to recognize as revenue a portion of the arrangement fee upon delivery of the software license. The adjustment to the opening balance sheet of the accumulated deficit for all revenue related items was a decrease of approximately $2.7 million.

Topic 606 also requires the Company to capitalize and amortize the costs to obtain a contract over the expected period of customer benefit. The Company previously capitalized and amortized only direct and incremental commission costs over the term of the related contract. The expected period of customer benefit determined under Topic 606 is longer than the typical two to five year term of the Company's contracts as required under the Prior Guidance. As a result of applying Topic 606, the Company

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recorded a decrease to the opening balance sheet of the accumulated deficit for costs to obtain a contract of approximately $7.0 million.

Topic 230

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" which is intended to reduce the diversity in practice on classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force" which is intended to define the presentation and related disclosures of restricted cash balances. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("Topic 842") which requires the lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet thereby resulting in the recognition of lease assets and liabilities for those leases currently classified as operating leases. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged from current guidance, however, Topic 842 provides improvements that are intended to align lessor accounting with the lessee model and with updated revenue recognition guidance. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of Topic 842 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("Topic 350"), which eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this standard, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; earlier adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of Topic 350 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

With the exception of the new standards discussed above, there have been no other recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in the Company's Annual Report, that are of significance or potential significance to the Company.

3. Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Deferred Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized approximately $30.2 million and $27.7 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods and primarily related to subscription services, maintenance and services.

Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2018, the Company expects to recognize approximately $285.6 million of revenue from remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately $132.3 million of these performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the balance recognized thereafter.

4. Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue by Geography

The geographic information in the table below is presented for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company categorizes geographic revenues based on the location of the customer's headquarters. Because the Company's contracts are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, it has limited exposure to foreign currency exchange risk as discussed under "Foreign Currency Exchange Risk" of Part I, Item 3 below.

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018				2017
	Revenue		Percent		Revenue		Revenue
United States of America	$	17,362	36	%	$	15,830	39	%
Europe	15,283		32	%	11,406		29	%
The rest of the world	15,265		32	%	12,893		32	%
Total revenue	$	47,910	100	%	$	40,129	100	%

5. Impact on Financial Statements of Changes in Accounting Policies

The Company applied Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet at January 1, 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605. The differences between balances under Topic 606 and Topic 605 are detailed below:

	March 31, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported			Adjustments			Balances Under Topic 605
Balance Sheets
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance	$	29,031		$	(643	)	$	28,388
Deferred costs, current	2,704			251			2,955
Long-term deferred costs	10,435			(7,442		)	2,993
Deferred revenue, current	83,682			949			84,631
Long-term deferred revenue	17,477			1,471			18,948
Accumulated deficit	$	(247,317	)	$	(10,254	)	$	(257,571	)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	As Reported			Adjustments			Balances Under Topic 605
Income Statements
Total revenue	$	47,910		$	(385	)	$	47,525
Total cost of revenue	19,521			(40		)	19,481
Selling and marketing	17,568			297			17,865
General and administrative	10,689			(80		)	10,609
Research and development	14,784			(59		)	14,725
Net loss	(18,856		)	(503		)	(19,359		)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.60	)

6. Business Combination

On August 3, 2017, the Company acquired PROS Travel Commerce, Inc. (formerly Vayant Travel Technologies, Inc.) ("Vayant"), a privately held company based in Sofia, Bulgaria, for total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of approximately $34.1 million. Vayant is a cloud software company that provides advanced shopping, merchandising and inspirational travel solutions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company has included $2.2 million of revenue and $1.2 million of net loss related to Vayant in its consolidated income statement. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $0.1 million consisting primarily of integration costs and retention of key employees.

All of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the transaction have been recognized at their acquisition date fair values at August 3, 2017.

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The preliminary allocation of the total purchase price for Vayant is as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	1,822
Other current assets	1,235
Noncurrent assets	86
Intangibles	18,600
Goodwill	17,052
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(1,668		)
Deferred revenue	(600		)
Deferred tax liability	(526		)
Noncurrent liabilities	(49		)
Net assets acquired	$	35,952

The following are the identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) with respect to the Vayant acquisition, and their respective useful lives:

			Useful Life
	Amount		(years)
Developed technology	$	11,600	7
Customer relationships	7,000		5
Total	$	18,600

In performing the preliminary purchase price allocation, the Company considered, among other factors, its anticipated future use of the acquired assets, historical financial performance, and estimated cash flows from Vayant's products and services. The allocation resulted in acquired intangible assets of $18.6 million. The acquired intangible assets consisted of developed technology and customer relationships and were valued using the income approach in which the after-tax cash flows are discounted to present value. The cash flows are based on estimates used to price the transaction, and the discount rates applied were benchmarked with reference to the implied rate of return from the transaction model as well as the weighted average cost of capital. Additionally, the Company assumed certain liabilities in the acquisition, including deferred revenue with a fair value of $0.6 million as determined using a cost-plus profit approach.

The Company made a preliminary determination that $0.5 million of net deferred tax liabilities were assumed on the acquisition date. The deferred tax liability is comprised of the value of intangible assets partially offset by a deferred tax asset related to net operating losses.

The excess of the purchase price over the estimated amounts of net assets as of the effective date of the acquisition was allocated to goodwill. The factors contributing to the recognition of the amount of goodwill were based on several strategic and synergistic benefits that were expected to be realized from the Vayant acquisition. These benefits include the expectation that the combined company’s complementary products will strengthen the Company's modern commerce solutions for the travel industry. The Company believes the combined company will benefit from a broader global presence and, with the Company’s direct sales force and larger channel coverage, significant cross-selling opportunities. None of the goodwill is expected to be currently deductible for tax purposes. In accordance with applicable accounting standards, goodwill will not be amortized but instead will be tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if certain indicators are present. In the event that the management of the combined company determines that the value of goodwill has become impaired, the combined company will incur an accounting charge for the amount of the impairment during the fiscal quarter in which the determination is made.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and Vayant, on a pro forma basis, as though the Company had acquired Vayant on January 1, 2016. The pro forma information for all periods presented also includes the effect of business combination accounting resulting from the acquisition, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets.

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except earnings per share)	2017
Total revenue	$	42,182
Net loss	(21,161		)
Earnings per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.68	)

7. Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(20,207	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares (basic)	32,378			31,099
Dilutive effect of potential common shares	—			—
Weighted average shares (diluted)	32,378			31,099
Basic loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)

Dilutive potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, settlement of SARs, and the vesting of RSUs and MSUs. Potential common shares determined to be antidilutive and excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding were approximately 2.1 million and 2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Since the Company has the intention and ability to settle the principal amount of its Notes (as defined in Note 9 below) in cash, the treasury stock method is expected to be used for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted net income per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted net income per share of common stock when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $33.79 and $48.63 per share, for the 2019 Notes (as defined in Note 9 below) and 2047 Notes (as defined in Note 9 below), respectively.

8. Noncash Share-based Compensation

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company granted 783,527 RSUs with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $27.17 per share. The Company also granted 116,899 MSUs with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $38.18 to certain executive employees during the three months ended March 31, 2018. These MSUs vest on January 10, 2021 and the actual number of MSUs that will be eligible to vest is based on the total stockholder return of the Company relative to the total stockholder return of the Index over the performance period, as defined by each award's plan documents or individual award agreements. The Company did not grant any stock options or SARs during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Share-based compensation expense is allocated to expense categories on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Share-based compensation:
Cost of revenue	$	482	$	575
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	1,284		1,273
General and administrative	2,879		2,802
Research and development	1,291		1,512
Total included in operating expenses	5,454		5,587
Total share-based compensation expense	$	5,936	$	6,162

The Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan ("2017 Stock Plan") was approved by stockholders in May 2017 and reserved an aggregate amount of 2,500,000 shares for issuance. As of March 31, 2018, 1,341,617 shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 Stock Plan.

At March 31, 2018, the Company had an estimated $49.8 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to share-based compensation arrangements. These costs will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") provides for eligible employees to purchase shares on an after-tax basis in an amount between 1% and 10% of their annual pay: (i) on June 30 of each year at a 15% discount of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on January 1 or June 30, whichever is lower, and (ii) on December 31 of each year at a 15% discount of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on July 1 or December 31, whichever is lower. An employee may not purchase more than $5,000 in either of the six-month measurement periods described above or more than $10,000 annually. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 37,115 shares under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2018, 253,986 shares remain authorized and available for issuance under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2018, the Company held approximately $0.5 million on behalf of employees for future purchases under the ESPP, and this amount was recorded in accrued payroll and other employee benefits in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

9. Convertible Senior Notes

The Company issued $143.8 million principal amount of convertible senior notes in December 2014 (the "2019 Notes") and $106.3 million principal amount of convertible senior notes in June 2017 (the "2047 Notes" and collectively with the 2019 Notes, the "Notes"). The interest rates for the Notes are fixed at 2.0% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on June 1, 2015 for the 2019 Notes, and on December 1, 2017 for the 2047 Notes. The 2019 Notes mature on December 1, 2019, unless redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2047 Notes mature on June 1, 2047, unless repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date.

Each $1,000 of principal of the 2019 Notes will initially be convertible into 29.5972 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $33.79 per share. Each $1,000 of principal amount at maturity of the 2047 Notes had an issue price of $880, and will initially be convertible into 20.5624 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $48.63 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. An amount equal to the difference between the issue price and the principal amount at maturity will accrete to the 2047 Notes in accordance with the schedule set forth in the 2047 Notes. The issue price plus such accreted amount of the 2047 Notes is referred to herein as the “accreted principal amount.” On June 1, 2022, the accreted principal amount will accrete to 100% of the principal amount at maturity.

The Notes are each general unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes, rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company's existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, are effectively junior to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables but excluding intercompany obligations owed to the Company or its subsidiaries).

From September 1, 2019 through the end of the second scheduled trading day immediately prior to maturity, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2019 Notes regardless of the contingent conversion conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its

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election, as described in the indenture governing the 2019 Notes.

On or before June 1, 2021, and subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company is entitled to elect to redeem all or any portion of the 2047 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the 2047 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, if the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days during any 30 consecutive trading day period. After June 1, 2021, the Company will be entitled to elect to redeem all or any portion of the 2047 Notes (without regard to the price of the Company’s common stock) at a redemption price equal to the then current accreted principal amount of the 2047 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Holders may convert their 2019 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 1, 2019 only under the following circumstances:

• during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2015, if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

• during the five consecutive business day period immediately following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2019 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or

• upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

Holders may convert their 2047 Notes at their option on any day prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2047 under the following circumstances:

• during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending September 30, 2017, if the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock for 20 or more trading days (whether or not consecutive) in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds 130% of the applicable conversion price in effect on each such trading day;

• during the five consecutive business day period immediately following any five consecutive trading day period (the "Measurement Period") in which the trading price per 2047 Note for each day of that Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such day; or

• upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

The 2047 Notes will also be convertible, regardless of the foregoing circumstances, at any time from, and including, March 1, 2047 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the applicable maturity date. Each holder of the 2047 Notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of such holder's 2047 Notes on June 1, 2022 at a price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2047 Notes equal to the accreted principal amount at maturity plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the applicable series of Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the 2019 Notes and 2047 Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount at maturity of the Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If such a fundamental change occurs prior to June 1, 2022, holders of the 2047 Notes may also require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to the then current accreted principal amount of the Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the applicable maturity date, the Company will be required to increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their notes in certain circumstances. Holders who convert their 2047 Notes in connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2047 Notes) or in connection with a redemption of such 2047 Notes on or prior to June 1, 2021 will, under certain circumstances, be entitled to a make-whole premium in the form of an increase in the conversion rate determined by reference to a make-whole table set forth in such indenture.

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As of March 31, 2018, the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes are not yet convertible.

In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, the Company valued and bifurcated the conversion options associated with each of the 2019 Notes and 2047 Notes from the respective host debt instrument, which is referred to as debt discount and recorded the conversion option of each of the Notes in stockholders’ equity. The equity component for each Note is not remeasured as long as such Note continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

In accounting for the transaction costs for each of the notes issuance, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $4.3 million for the 2019 Notes and $2.7 million for the 2047 Notes, are being amortized to expense over the expected life of each notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion option, totaling $1.2 million for the 2019 Notes and $0.3 million for the 2047 Notes, were netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

The Notes consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Liability component:
Principal	$	250,000		$	250,000
Less: debt discount and issuance cost, net of amortization	(33,869		)	(36,797		)
Net carrying amount	$	216,131		$	213,203
Equity component(1)	$	37,560		$	37,560

(1) Recorded within additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2018, it included $28.7 million and $8.8 million related to the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes, respectively, net of $1.2 million and $0.3 million issuance cost in equity, respectively.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
2.0% coupon	$	1,250	$	719
Amortization of debt issuance costs	349		214
Amortization of debt discount	2,580		1,461
Total	$	4,179	$	2,394

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of the principal amount of the Notes was $265.4 million and $246.6 million, respectively. The estimated fair value was determined based on inputs that are observable in the market or that could be derived from, or corroborated with, observable market data, including the Company's stock price and interest rates, which represents level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

As of March 31, 2018, the remaining life of the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes is approximately 20 months and 50 months, respectively.

Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

Concurrently with the offering of the 2019 Notes, the Company entered into separate convertible note hedge (the "Note Hedge") and warrant (the "Warrant") transactions. Taken together, the purchase of the Note Hedge and the sale of the Warrant are intended to offset any actual dilution from the conversion of the 2019 Notes and to effectively increase the overall conversion price of the 2019 Notes from $33.79 to $45.48 per share. The total cost of the Note Hedge transaction was $29.4 million. The Company received $17.1 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the Warrant.

Pursuant to the Warrants, if the average market value per share of the Company's common stock for the reporting period, as measured under the Warrant, exceeds the strike price of the Warrant, the Warrant will have a dilutive effect on the Company's earnings per share. Holders of the 2019 Notes and Note Hedge will not have any rights with respect to the Warrant, as the Note Hedge is not part of the 2019 Notes or the Warrant. The Warrant is not part of the 2019 Notes or Note Hedge. Both the Note Hedge and Warrant have been accounted for as part of additional paid-in capital.

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10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, the Company regularly becomes involved in contract and other negotiations and, in more limited circumstances, becomes involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation. The outcomes of these matters are inherently unpredictable. The Company is not currently involved in any outstanding litigation that it believes, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Purchase commitments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters in various purchase commitments for goods and services.

In June 2017, the Company entered in a noncancelable agreement with a computing infrastructure vendor that expires on June 30, 2020. The purchase commitment as of March 31, 2018 was $17.8 million for the remaining period under the three-year agreement.

Lease commitments

The Company leases office space and office equipment under noncancelable operating leases that expire at various dates.

As of March 31, 2018, the future minimum lease commitments related to lease agreements were as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Amount
Remaining 2018	$	2,985
2019	3,352
2020	1,725
2021	1,005
2022	707
2023 and thereafter	46
Total minimum lease payments	$	9,820

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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The terms “we,” “us,” “PROS“ and “our” refer to PROS Holdings, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries that are consolidated in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

This management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read along with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and unaudited notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 ("Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)"), as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations set forth in our Annual Report.

Overview

PROS is a cloud software company powering the shift to modern commerce by helping companies create personalized and frictionless buying experiences for their customers. Fueled by artificial intelligence, machine learning and proven science, our solutions make it possible for companies to price, configure and sell their products and services in an omnichannel environment with speed, precision and consistency. Our customers benefit from decades of data science expertise infused into our industry solutions. We also provide professional services to implement our software solutions.

Q1 2018 Financial Overview

In the first quarter of 2018, we continued to make substantial progress in the execution of our cloud-first strategy, leading to an increase in our subscription revenue of 72% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. That ongoing shift to a subscription-based revenue model also led to a growth of recurring revenue (which consists of subscription revenue and maintenance and support revenue) by 24% as compared to the first quarter of 2017, and accounted for 78% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Cash used in operating activities was $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $12.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The improvement in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the net impact of working capital changes and a slight improvement in our operating results. The change in the working capital was mainly attributable to higher recurring deferred revenue driven by our subscription-based sales and an increase in operating cash provided by accounts receivable due to strong collections in the period.

Free cash flow is a key metric to assess the strength of our business. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net cash provided or used by operating activities, less additions to property, plant and equipment, purchases of other (non-acquisition-related) intangible assets and capitalized internal-use software development costs. We believe free cash flow may be useful to investors and others in evaluating the amount of cash generated by our business operations. Free cash flow used during the three months ended March 31, 2018 improved to $6.8 million, compared to $13.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The improvement was primarily attributable to a $7.5 million decrease in operating cash outflow due to our business performance following our shift to a subscription-based revenue model and strong collections in the period. The following is a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most comparable GAAP measure, net cash used in operating activities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(4,732	)	$	(12,193	)
Purchase of property and equipment	(778		)	(484		)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs	(1,316		)	(572		)
Free Cash Flow	$	(6,826	)	$	(13,249	)

Total deferred revenue was $101.2 million as of March 31, 2018, as compared to $95.2 million as of December 31, 2017, an increase of $6.0 million, or 6%, primarily due to an increase in subscription deferred revenue.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Key factors and trends that have affected and we believe will continue to affect our operating results include:

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• Cloud Transition. In 2015, we began our transition to a cloud business to help accelerate adoption of our solutions and drive recurring revenue. The implementation of this cloud strategy has resulted in more sales of subscription-based solutions and very few on-premise licenses since that time, and we expect this trend to continue. This increase in the sales of subscription-based solutions has resulted in an increase in our subscription revenue, and deferred more of our revenue recognition to later periods than we experienced prior to 2015. We also expect that over time, additional sales of our cloud-based solutions will result in a decrease in our maintenance and support revenue, particularly as existing customers migrate from our licensed solutions to our cloud solutions.

• B2B Buying Preferences Driving Technology Adoption. B2B buyers are increasingly demanding the same type of buying experience that they enjoy as consumers. For example, buyers increasingly prefer to buy online when they have already decided what to buy, and often prefer not to interact with a sales representative as their primary source of research. In response, we believe that businesses are increasingly looking to modernize their sales process by adopting technologies which provide frictionless, real-time, and personalized experiences across sales channels. We believe we are uniquely positioned to help power these B2B experiences with our machine learning and data science solutions that help provide dynamic, personalized offers and pricing with consistency across sales channels.

• Continued Investments. We are focused on creating awareness for our solutions, expanding our customer base and growing our recurring revenues. While we incurred losses in the first quarter of 2018, we believe our market is large and underpenetrated and therefore we intend to continue investing to grow our recurring revenue and support our long-term initiatives. We plan to continue to invest in product development to enhance our existing technologies and develop new applications and technologies. In addition, we plan to continue to expand our ability to sell our subscription offerings globally through investments in sales, marketing, cloud support, security and infrastructure.

• Sales Mix Impacts Revenue Recognition Timing. The mix of subscription services and professional services can create revenue variability in given periods based on the nature and scope of services sold together. Professional services that are deemed to be distinct from the subscription services are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the services are performed. If determined that the professional services are not considered distinct, the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and all revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer, resulting in a deferral of revenue and revenue recognized over a longer period of time, which would have a negative near-term financial impact.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as a percentage of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Revenue:
Subscription	44	%	30	%
Maintenance and support	35		45
Total subscription, maintenance and support	78		75
License	2		5
Services	19		19
Total revenue	100		100
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	18		15
Maintenance and support	6		8
Total cost of subscription, maintenance and support	24		23
License	—		—
Services	16		19
Total cost of revenue	41		41
Gross profit	59		59
Operating Expenses:
Selling and marketing	37		41
General and administrative	22		26
Research and development	31		36
Acquisition-related	—		—
Total operating expenses	90		103
Convertible debt interest and amortization	(9	)	(6	)
Other income (expense), net	—		—
Loss before income tax provision	(39	)	(50	)
Income tax provision	—		—
Net loss	(39	)%	(50	)%

Revenue:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		$			%
Subscription	$	20,950	$	12,214	$	8,736		72	%
Maintenance and support	16,574		18,076		(1,502		)	(8	)%
Total subscription, maintenance and support	37,524		30,290		7,234			24	%
License	1,066		2,190		(1,124		)	(51	)%
Services	9,320		7,649		1,671			22	%
Total revenue	$	47,910	$	40,129	$	7,781		19	%

Subscription revenue.Subscription revenue increased primarily due to an increase in the number of subscriptions purchased by new and existing customers, with the total number of customers generating subscription revenue increasing by 32% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in subscription revenue also included $2.2 million from our acquisition of Vayant. We expect our subscription revenue will continue to increase as we focus on subscription-based sales. We continued to invest in customer programs and initiatives which helped keep our attrition rate fairly consistent as compared to the prior year.

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Our ability to maintain consistent customer subscription renewal rates will play a role in our ability to continue to grow our subscription revenue.

Maintenance and support revenue.The decrease in maintenance and support revenue was principally a result of the timing

of certain cash collections during the three months ended March 31, 2017. These cash collections related to maintenance contracts recognized on a cash basis which creates some variability from quarter to quarter when such collections occur. As a result of our cloud strategy, we expect maintenance revenue to decline over time as we sell fewer licenses, sell more subscription services, and convert existing maintenance contracts to the cloud.

License revenue. License revenue decreased primarily due to the completion of several large perpetual license projects where license revenue was recognized on a percentage of completion method, and our strategy to sell fewer licenses and more subscription services, resulting in lower future license revenue and higher subscription services revenue.

Services revenue.Services revenue increased primarily as a result of our increased sales of subscription services to both new and existing customers. The increase was also attributable to higher additional professional services revenue from existing customers in the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in prior year. Services revenue varies from period to period depending on different factors, including the level of professional services required to implement our solutions, the timing of services revenue recognition on certain subscription contracts and any additional professional services requested by our customers during a particular period.

Cost of revenue and gross profit:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		$			%
Cost of subscription	$	8,764	$	5,937	$	2,827		48	%
Cost of maintenance and support	2,957		3,146		(189		)	(6	)%
Total cost of subscription, maintenance and support	11,721		9,083		2,638			29	%
Cost of license	73		65		8			12	%
Cost of services	7,727		7,461		266			4	%
Total cost of revenue	19,521		16,609		2,912			18	%
Gross profit	$	28,389	$	23,520	$	4,869		21	%

Cost of subscription. The increase in cost of subscription was primarily attributable to an increase in infrastructure cost of $1.1 million to support our current and anticipated subscription customer base and $1.6 million associated with the acquisition of Vayant. The remaining $0.1 million increase was related to personnel cost associated with the acquisition of Vayant. The subscription gross profit percentage for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, was 58% and 51%, respectively. The increase in gross profit percentage was primarily attributable to a 72% increase in subscription revenue combined with a smaller increase in cost of subscription as we achieve efficiencies in our cloud infrastructure.

Cost of maintenance and support. The decrease in cost of maintenance and support was primarily attributable to a decrease in personnel costs as maintenance and support revenue decreased during the period. The maintenance and support gross profit percentage was 82% and 83% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, due to the decline in maintenance revenue.

Cost of license. Cost of license consists of third-party fees for licensed software and remained consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. License gross profit percentages for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were 93% and 97%, respectively.

Cost of services. The increase in cost of services was primarily attributable to an increase in personnel cost for our customer implementations. Services gross profit percentages for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were 17% and 2%, respectively. Services gross profit percentages vary from period to period depending on different factors, including the level of professional services required to implement our solutions, our effective man-day rates and the utilization of our professional services personnel.

Gross profit. The increase in overall gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was primarily attributable to an increase in total revenue of 19% as compared to the same period in 2017.

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Operating expenses:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Variance
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		$		%
Selling and marketing	$	17,568	$	16,473	$	1,095	7	%
General and administrative	10,689		10,408		281		3	%
Research and development	14,784		14,307		477		3	%
Acquisition-related	95		—		95		nm
Total operating expenses	$	43,136	$	41,188	$	1,948	5	%

Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased primarily as a result of a $0.6 million increase in personnel cost as we continue our focus on adding new customers and increasing penetration within our existing customer base. In addition, there was an increase of $0.5 million in non-personnel cost, which was driven by the intangible amortization related to our acquisition of Vayant.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017 as we added personnel to support our growth.

Research and development expenses. Research and development expense increased primarily as a result of an increase in personnel cost due to higher headcount associated with the Vayant acquisition.

Acquisition-related expenses. Acquisition-related expenses were $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, consisting primarily of integration costs and retention bonuses related to our acquisition of Vayant.

Other income (expense), net:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Variance
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Convertible debt interest and amortization	$	(4,179	)	$	(2,394	)	$	(1,785	)	75	%
Other income (expense), net	$	202		$	32		$	170		531	%

Convertible debt interest and amortization. The convertible debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 related to coupon interest and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs attributable to our 2019 Notes and 2047 Notes.

Other income (expense) net.Other income (expense), net change by $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations during the period.

Income tax provision:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Variance
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Effective tax rate	(1		)%	(1		)%	n/a			n/a
Income tax provision	$	132		$	177		$	(45	)	(25	)%

Income tax provision. The tax provision of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 included foreign taxes and state taxes not based on pre-tax income. No tax benefit was recognized on jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year due to the valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA"). The TCJA significantly changes U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. We continue to monitor tax reform and have reflected the impact of tax reform in our results for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Our effective tax rate was (1)% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The income tax rate varies from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to the valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets and the limitation on deductibility

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of certain officers’ compensation. While our expected tax rate would be 0% due to the full valuation on the deferred tax assets, the (1)% tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is due to foreign and state taxes not based on pre-tax income.

Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year where no tax benefit can be recognized due to the valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets are excluded from the estimated annual federal effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter depending on the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2018, we had $148.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and $86.0 million of working capital as compared to $160.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $100.0 million of working capital at December 31, 2017.

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, cash flows generated from operations and potential borrowings under our Revolver. We issued the 2019 Notes in December 2014 and the 2047 Notes in June 2017 to supplement our overall liquidity position. Our material drivers or variants of operating cash flow are net income (loss), noncash expenses (principally share-based compensation, intangible amortization and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs) and the timing of periodic invoicing and cash collections related to licenses, subscriptions and support for our software and related services. Our operating cash flows are also impacted by the timing of payments to our vendors and the payments of our other liabilities. We generally pay our vendors in accordance with the invoice terms and conditions.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, including funds provided by the issuance of our Notes, funds available under our Revolver and our current estimates of future operating cash flows, will provide adequate liquidity and capital resources to meet our operational requirements, anticipated capital expenditures and coupon payments for our Notes for the next twelve months. Our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the operations of our existing business, potential growth of our subscription services, future acquisitions we might undertake, and expansion into complementary businesses. If such need arises, we may raise additional funds through equity or debt financings.

The following table presents key components of our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(4,732	)	$	(12,193	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(2,094		)	8,927
Net cash used in financing activities	(5,604		)	(2,866		)
Cash and cash equivalents (beginning of period)	160,505			118,039
Cash and cash equivalents (end of period)	$	148,146		$	111,868

Net cash used in operating activities. The $7.5 million decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to to the net impact of working capital changes and a slight improvement in our operating results. The change in the working capital was mainly attributable to higher recurring deferred revenue driven by our subscription-based sales and an increase in operating cash provided by accounts receivable due to strong collections in the period.

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities. The $11.0 million increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to $10.0 million related to the timing of maturities of short-term investments. In addition, capitalized internal-use software and capital expenditures increased by $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017 as we continue to invest in our solutions to grow our recurring revenue.

Net cash used in financing activities. The increase of $2.7 million in net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of an increase of $1.6 million in tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards and lower proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $1.3 million. The increase was partially offset by lower proceeds from employee stock plans of $0.1 million and a payment of $0.1 million in debt issuance costs on the Revolver renewal in 2017.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material. We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as variable interest entities, that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Other than changes described in Note 10 above, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments disclosed in our Annual Report.

Credit facility

In July 2012, we entered into the Revolver. In January 2017, we extended the maturity date of the Revolver through July 2022. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolver as of March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, we had $0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Revolver included in prepaids and other current assets and other long-term assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded an immaterial amount of amortization of debt issuance cost which is included in other expense, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See "Recently adopted accounting pronouncements" in Note 2 above for discussion of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The complexity and judgment of our estimation process and issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the application of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting could affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue. Estimates are also used for, but not limited to, receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of assets, depreciation, income taxes and deferred tax asset valuation, valuation of stock options, other current liabilities and accrued liabilities. Numerous internal and external factors can affect estimates. Our critical accounting policies related to the estimates and judgments are discussed in our Annual Report under management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, except for the revenue recognition policy which has been updated in result of the adoption of the new revenue standard under Topic 606 and is included herein.

We believe the critical accounting policy listed below affects significant judgment and estimates used in the preparation of our accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition

We derive our revenues primarily from subscription services, professional services, the perpetual licensing of our software products and associated software maintenance and support services.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

• Identification of the performance obligations in the customer contract(s)

• Determination of the transaction price

• Allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation in the customer contract(s)

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

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Subscription services revenue

Subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that give customers access to one or more of our cloud applications with routine customer support. Subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and, as a result, are accounted for as service contracts. Our subscription contracts are generally two to five years in length, billed annually in advance, and are non-cancelable.

Maintenance and support revenue

Maintenance and support revenue includes post-implementation customer support and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements. We recognize revenue from maintenance arrangements ratably over the period in which the services are provided. Our maintenance and support contracts are generally one to three years in length, billed annually in advance, and non-cancelable.

License revenue

Licenses for on-premise software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. License revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. For customer contracts that contain license and professional services that are not considered distinct, the license and professional services are determined to be a single performance obligation and recognized over time based upon our efforts to satisfy the performance obligation.

Professional services revenue

Professional services revenue primarily consists of fees for deployment and configuration services, as well as training. Professional services revenues are generally recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts, or on a proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts. The majority of our professional services contracts are on a time and materials basis. Training revenues are recognized as the services are rendered.

Significant judgments are required in determining whether professional services that are contained in customer subscription services contracts are considered distinct, including whether the professional services are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract. Professional services that are deemed to be distinct are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue recognized as the services are performed. If determined that the professional services are not considered distinct, the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer.

Customer Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

A portion of our customer contracts contain multiple performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining whether multiple performance obligations contained in customer contracts are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract. If the obligations are determined to be distinct, each separate performance obligation is recognized when, or as, we satisfy the performance obligation. If the obligations are not determined to be distinct, they are recognized as a single combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Although our contracts are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk because we also have some contracts denominated in foreign currencies. The effect of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in exchange rates on our foreign denominated receivables as of March 31, 2018 would result in a loss of approximately $0.1 million. We are also exposed to foreign currency risk due to our operating subsidiaries in France, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Australia, Bulgaria and United Arab Emirates. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to the euro, which is our single most significant foreign currency exposure, would have decreased revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 by approximately $0.3 million. However, due to the relatively low volume of payments made and received by PROS through our foreign subsidiaries, we do not believe that we have significant exposure to foreign currency exchange risks. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could harm our financial results in the future.

We currently do not use derivative financial instruments to mitigate foreign currency exchange risks. We continue to review this matter and may consider hedging certain foreign exchange risks through the use of currency futures or options in future years.

Interest Rate Risk

PROS is exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates related to the variable interest rate on borrowings under the Revolver. As of March 31, 2018, PROS had no borrowings under the Revolver.

As of March 31, 2018, we had outstanding principal amounts of $143.8 million and $106.3 million, respectively, of 2019 Notes and 2047 Notes, which are fixed rate instruments. Therefore, our results of operations are not subject to fluctuations in interest rates. The fair value of the Notes may change when the market price of our stock fluctuates.

We believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value as a result of changes in interest rates due to the short term nature of our cash equivalents.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2018. Based on our evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2018, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We implemented internal controls to ensure we adequately evaluated our revenue contracts and properly assessed the impact of our adoption of Topic 606 on January 1, 2018. There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting due to the adoption of Topic 606.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are a party to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors as presented in our Annual Report.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

We have an ongoing authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to $15.0 million in shares of our common stock in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. As of March 31, 2018, $10.0 million remained available for repurchase under the existing repurchase authorization. We did not make any purchases of our common stock under this program for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Index to Exhibits
		Provided	Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.	Description	Herewith	Form	SEC File No.	Filing Date
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).	X
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a).	X
32.1*	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.	X
Exhibit No.	Description
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		PROS HOLDINGS, INC.
May 1, 2018	By:	/s/ Andres Reiner
		Andres Reiner
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
May 1, 2018	By:	/s/ Stefan Schulz
		Stefan Schulz
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Andres Reiner, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PROS Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

May 1, 2018	/s/ Andres Reiner
	Andres Reiner
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Stefan Schulz, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PROS Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

May 1, 2018	/s/ Stefan Schulz
	Stefan Schulz
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Andres Reiner, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the quarterly report of PROS Holdings, Inc., on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of PROS Holdings, Inc.

May 1, 2018	/s/ Andres Reiner
	Andres Reiner
	President and Chief Executive Officer

I, Stefan Schulz, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the quarterly report of PROS Holdings, Inc., on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of PROS Holdings, Inc. 

May 1, 2018	/s/ Stefan Schulz
	Stefan Schulz
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to PROS Holdings, Inc. and will be retained by PROS Holdings, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. This certification "accompanies" the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Apr. 23, 2018
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	PROS HOLDINGS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001392972
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		32,600,099
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 148,146	$ 160,505
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance of $760 and $760, respectively	29,031	32,484
Deferred Costs, Current	2,704	3,137
Prepaid and other current assets	7,294	5,930
Total current assets	187,175	202,056
Property and equipment, net	14,799	14,007
Deferred Costs, Noncurrent	10,435	3,194
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)	25,057	26,929
Goodwill	38,764	38,458
Other long term assets, net	4,239	4,039
Total assets	280,469	288,683
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,606	2,976
Accrued liabilities	5,329	6,733
Accrued payroll and other employee benefits	8,530	16,712
Deferred Revenue, Current	83,682	75,604
Total current liabilities	101,147	102,025
Long-term deferred revenue	17,477	19,591
Convertible Debt, Noncurrent	216,131	213,203
Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	853	843
Total liabilities	335,608	335,662
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized; 37,006,509 and 36,356,760 shares issued, respectively; 32,588,924 and 31,939,175 shares outstanding, respectively	37	36
Additional paid-in capital	208,368	207,924
Treasury stock, 4,417,585 common shares, at cost	(13,938)	(13,938)
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(247,317)	(238,185)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	(2,289)	(2,816)
Total stockholders' equity	(55,139)	(46,979)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 280,469	$ 288,683

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Allowance for bad debts	$ 760,000	$ 760,000
Preferred stock - par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock - shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock - shares issued	0	0
Common stock - par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock - shares authorized	75,000,000	75,000,000
Common stock - shares issued	37,006,509	36,356,760
Common stock - shares outstanding	32,588,924	31,939,175
Treasury stock - shares	4,417,585	4,417,585

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Revenue:
Subscription	$ 20,950	$ 12,214
Maintenance and support	16,574	18,076
Total subscription, maintenance and support revenue	37,524	30,290
License	1,066	2,190
Services	9,320	7,649
Total revenue	47,910	40,129
Cost of revenue:
Cost of subscription	8,764	5,937
Cost of maintenance and support	2,957	3,146
Cost of subscription, maintenance and support	11,721	9,083
Cost of license	73	65
Cost of services	7,727	7,461
Cost of Revenue	19,521	16,609
Gross profit	28,389	23,520
Operating Expenses
Selling and Marketing Expense	17,568	16,473
General and Administrative Expense	10,689	10,408
Research and development	14,784	14,307
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	95	0
Income from operations	(14,747)	(17,668)
Other income (expense):
Convertible debt interest and amortization	(4,179)	(2,394)
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)	202	32
Loss before income tax provision	(18,724)	(20,030)
Income tax provision (benefit)	132	177
Net income (loss)	$ (18,856)	$ (20,207)
Earnings Per Share, Basic	$ (0.58)	$ (0.65)
Net earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	$ (0.58)	$ (0.65)
Weighted average number of shares:
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic	32,378	31,099
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	32,378	31,099
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax	$ 527	$ 260
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Unrealized Holding Gain (Loss) on Securities Arising During Period, Net of Tax	0	(13)
Other comprehensive income	527	247
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ (18,329)	$ (19,960)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (18,856)	$ (20,207)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	3,364	2,033
Amortization of Financing Costs and Discounts	2,941	1,675
Share-based compensation	5,936	6,162
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	0	33
Loss on Disposition of Assets	35	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and unbilled receivables	3,454	543
Amortization of Other Deferred Charges	238	0
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,575)	(666)
Accounts payable	690	3,631
Accrued liabilities	(1,415)	434
Accrued payroll and other employee benefits	(8,181)	(10,957)
Deferred revenue	8,637	5,126
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(4,732)	(12,193)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(778)	(484)
Internal-use software development costs capitalized	(1,316)	(572)
Proceeds from Maturities, Prepayments and Calls of Available-for-sale Securities	0	9,983
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(2,094)	8,927
Financing activities:
Exercise of stock options	875	2,198
Proceeds from Stock Plans	834	776
Tax withholding related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(7,255)	(5,665)
Repayments of Notes Payable	(58)	(50)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(5,604)	(2,866)
Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash and Cash Equivalents	71	(39)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(12,359)	(6,171)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period	160,505	118,039
End of period	148,146	111,868
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Financing activities:
Payments of Debt Issuance Costs	$ 0	$ (125)

XML

Organization and Nature of Operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Organization and Nature of Operations [Abstract]

Organization and nature of operations

Organization and Nature of Operations

PROS Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, through its operating subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company"), provides cloud-based solutions to power the shift to modern commerce by helping companies create personalized and frictionless buying experiences for their customers. Fueled by artificial intelligence, machine learning and proven science, the Company's solutions make it possible for companies to price, configure and sell their products and services in an omnichannel environment with speed, precision and consistency. The Company's customers benefit from decades of data science expertise infused into its purpose-built industry solutions. The Company provides its solutions to enterprises across the manufacturing, distribution and services industries, including automotive and industrial, business-to-business ("B2B") services, cargo, chemicals and energy, consumer goods, insurance, food and beverage, healthcare, high tech, and travel. The Company also provides professional services to implement its software applications. In addition, the Company provides product maintenance and support to its customers through which they receive unspecified upgrades, maintenance releases and bug fixes during the term of the support period on a when-and-if-available basis.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial reporting and applicable quarterly reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In management's opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2018, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 ("Annual Report") filed with the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required under GAAP.

Changes in accounting policies

The Company has consistently applied these accounting policies to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, except for the Company's adoption of certain accounting standards described in more detail under "Recently adopted accounting pronouncements" in this Note 2below.

Basis of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and a subsidiary where the Company exercises control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The functional currency of PROS France SAS ("PROS France") is the euro. The financial statements of this subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, historical rates of exchange for equity, and average rates of exchange for the period for revenue and expenses. Translation gains (losses) are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of stockholders' equity.

Dollar amounts

The dollar amounts presented in the tabular data within these footnote disclosures are stated in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts, or as noted within the context of each footnote disclosure.

Use of estimates

The Company makes estimates and assumptions in the preparation of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and its estimates and assumptions may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The complexity and judgment required in the Company's estimation process, as well as issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the application of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue. Estimates are also used for, but not limited to, receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of assets, depreciation and amortization, income taxes and deferred tax asset valuation, valuation of stock options, other current liabilities and accrued liabilities. Numerous internal and external factors can affect estimates. The critical accounting policies related to estimates and judgments are discussed in the Annual Report under management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and are also discussed under Item 2 "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations".

Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from subscription services, professional services, perpetual licensing of its software products and associated software maintenance and support services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the customer contract(s);

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation in the customer contract(s); and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Subscription services revenue

Subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that give customers access to one or more of the Company's cloud applications with routine customer support. Subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that the Company's service is made available to the customer. The Company's subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and, as a result, are accounted for as service contracts. The Company's subscription contracts are generally two to five years in length, billed annually in advance, and are non-cancelable.

Maintenance and support revenue

Maintenance and support revenue includes post-implementation customer support and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements. The Company recognizes revenue from maintenance arrangements ratably over the period in which the services are provided. The Company's maintenance and support contracts are generally one to three years in length, billed annually in advance, and non-cancelable.

License revenue

Licenses for on-premise software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. License revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. For customer contracts that contain license and professional services that are not considered distinct, the license and professional services are determined to be a single performance obligation and recognized over time based upon the Company's efforts to satisfy the performance obligation.

Professional services revenue

Professional services revenue primarily consists of fees for deployment and configuration services, as well as training. Professional services revenues are generally recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts, or on a proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts. The majority of the Company's professional services contracts are on a time and materials basis. Training revenues are recognized as the services are rendered.

Significant judgments are required in determining whether professional services that are contained in customer subscription services contracts are considered distinct, including whether the professional services are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract. Professional services that are deemed to be distinct are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the services are performed. If determined that the professional services are not considered distinct, the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer.

Customer Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

A portion of the Company's customer contracts contain multiple performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining whether multiple performance obligations contained in customer contracts are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in customer contracts. If the obligations are determined to be distinct, each separate performance obligation is recognized when, or as, the Company satisfies the performance obligation. If the obligations are not determined to be distinct, they are recognized as a single combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.

Business combinations

The Company records tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Amounts paid for each acquisition are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, particularly acquired intangible assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. Each asset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant.

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company's estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period, the Company reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company's preliminary estimates to goodwill. Any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations upon the earlier of the conclusion of the measurement period and final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed.

Internal-use software

Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the development stage are capitalized, stated at cost, and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Development stage costs generally include salaries and personnel costs and third-party contractor expenses associated with internal-use software configuration, coding, installation and testing. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company capitalized $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of internal-use software development costs related to cloud-based offerings. Capitalized internal-use software development costs related to cloud-based offerings are amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life of the asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company amortized $0.2 million and zero, respectively, of capitalized internal-use software development costs. Capitalized software for internal use is included in property and equipment, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs, once it commences, is included in cost of subscription revenues in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes comparison of future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets with the associated assets' carrying value. If the carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds its expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded no impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Noncash share-based compensation

The Company measures all share-based payments to its employees based on the grant date fair value of the awards and recognizes expenses in the Company's unaudited consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) on a straight-line basis over the periods during which the recipient is required to perform services (generally over the vesting period of the awards). To date, the Company has granted stock options, Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), stock settled Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs"), and Market Stock Units ("MSUs"). RSUs include (i) time-based awards, and (ii) market-based awards in which the number of shares that vest are based upon attainment of target average per share closing price over a requisite trading period. MSUs are performance-based awards in which the number of shares that vest are based upon the Company's relative stockholder return.

The following table presents the number of shares or units outstanding for each award type as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, (in thousands):

Award type	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Stock options	45	135
Restricted stock units (time-based)	2,109	2,133
Restricted stock units (market-based)	345	345
Stock appreciation rights	303	356
Market stock units	419	387

Stock options, time-based RSUs and SARs vest ratably between one and four years. Market-based RSUs vest if the average trailing closing price of the Company's Common Stock meets certain minimum performance hurdles for at least 105 calendar days prior to September 9, 2020, with 25% vesting at $27, an additional 25% vesting at $33, and the remaining 50% vesting at $41. The actual number of MSUs that will be eligible to vest is based on the total stockholder return of the Company relative to the total stockholder return of the Russell 2000 Index ("Index") over their respective performance periods, as defined by each award's plan documents. The Company did not grant any stock options or SARs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

The fair value of the time-based RSUs is based on the closing price of the Company's stock on the date of grant.

The Company estimates the fair value and the derived service period of the market-based RSUs on the date of grant using a 'Monte Carlo' simulation model. The model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the expected volatility of the Company's stock, its risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatility of the Company over the performance period.

The fair value of the market-based RSUs is expensed over the derived service period for each separate vesting tranche. The derived service period for the vesting tranches of the market-based RSUs ranges between 1.01 and 1.98 years.

The Company estimates the fair value of MSUs on the date of grant using a 'Monte Carlo' simulation model. The determination of fair value of the MSUs is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions including the expected volatilities of the Company's stock and the Index, its risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of the Company and the Index over the performance period.

The weighted average assumptions used to value the MSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:

	March 31, 2018
Volatility	43.67%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%
Expected option life in years	2.97
Dividend yield	—

Earnings per share

The Company computes basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares then outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities, using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, shares of unvested restricted stock units, and settlement of stock appreciation rights. When the Company incurs a net loss, the effect of the Company's outstanding stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock units are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share are identical.

Cost method investment

Investments in equity securities of privately held companies without readily determinable fair value, where the Company does not exercise significant influence over the investee, are recorded using the cost method of accounting, carrying the investment at historical cost. If there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that might have an adverse effect on the cost method investments, the Company does not estimate the investments' fair value. For all investments, if a decline in the fair value of an investment below the carrying value is determined to be other-than-temporary, such investment is written down to its estimated fair value with a charge to current earnings.

At both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $2.0 million of equity securities in a privately held company. This investment is accounted for under the cost method and the Company measures it at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company estimates fair value of its cost method investment considering available information such as pricing in recent rounds of financing, current cash positions, earnings and cash flow forecasts, recent operational performance and any other readily available market data, which represents level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as defined by Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 820, "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure" ("ASC 820"). As of March 31, 2018, the Company determined there were no other-than-temporary impairments on its cost method investment. 

Fair value measurement

The Company's financial assets that are included in cash and cash equivalents and that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of $135.9 million and $131.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and were invested in treasury money market funds. The fair value of the treasury money market funds is determined based on quoted market prices, which represents level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as defined by ASC 820.

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables are primarily comprised of trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, contract assets and unbilled receivables. The Company records trade accounts receivable for its unconditional rights to consideration arising from the Company's performance under contracts with customers. The Company's standard billing terms are that payment is due upon receipt of invoice, payable generally within 30 to 60 days. The carrying value of such receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents their estimated net realizable value. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts for specific trade receivable balances based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding trade receivables, existing economic conditions, and any financial security associated with the receivables.

Contract assets represent conditional rights to consideration that have been recognized as revenue in advance of billing the customer. Unbilled receivables represent unconditional rights to consideration arising from contingent revenue, that have been recognized as revenue in advance of billing the customer.

Deferred costs

Sales commissions earned by the Company's sales representatives are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a customer contract. Sales commissions are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit which the Company has determined to be five to eight years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its customer contracts, expected renewals as the Company currently does not pay an incremental sales commission, the Company's technology and other factors. The Company also defers amounts earned by employees other than sales representatives who earn incentive payments under compensation plans that are also tied to the value of customer contracts acquired. Deferred costs were $13.1 million and $6.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs was $0.7 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of customer invoicing in advance of revenues being recognized. The Company generally invoices its customers annually in advance for subscription services and maintenance and support services. Deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized during the next twelve-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term.

Credit facility

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its $50.0 million secured Credit Agreement ("Revolver") with the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as agent for the lenders party thereto. The Company included$0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Revolver in prepaid and other current assets and other long-term assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of amortization of debt issuance cost which is included in other income (expense), net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Income taxes

The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily related to foreign income taxes and state taxes not based on income. The effective tax rate for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was (1)%. The income tax rates vary from the federal and state statutory rates primarily due to the valuation allowances on the Company’s deferred tax assets, the limitation on deductibility of certain officers’ compensation, and foreign and state taxes not based on income. The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate at the end of each quarterly period. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year where no tax benefit can be recognized due to the valuation allowances on the Company’s deferred tax assets are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter depending on the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Topic 606

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("Topic 606"). Topic 606 replaces the prior revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition" ("Topic 605" or "Prior Guidance") with a comprehensive revenue measurement and recognition standard, and expanded disclosure requirements. The new standard also provides guidance on the recognition of costs related to obtaining customer contracts. Topic 606 took effect in the first quarter of 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company adopted Topic 606 and applied Topic 606 to those contracts which were not complete as of January 1, 2018using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting under the Prior Guidance.

The most significant impact of Topic 606 relates to the Company's accounting for arrangements that include term-based software licenses bundled with maintenance and support, the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including the period of amortization of such costs, and additional disclosures. Under the Prior Guidance, revenue attributable to term-based software licenses was recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement when vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") did not exist for the undelivered maintenance and support element because it was not sold separately. Topic 606 does not require VSOE for undelivered elements to separate revenue for the delivered software licenses. Accordingly, under the new standard, the Company is required to recognize as revenue a portion of the arrangement fee upon delivery of the software license. The adjustment to the opening balance sheet of the accumulated deficit for all revenue related items was a decrease of approximately $2.7 million.

Topic 606 also requires the Company to capitalize and amortize the costs to obtain a contract over the expected period of customer benefit. The Company previously capitalized and amortized only direct and incremental commission costs over the term of the related contract. The expected period of customer benefit determined under Topic 606 is longer than the typical two to five year term of the Company's contracts as required under the Prior Guidance. As a result of applying Topic 606, the Company recorded a decrease to the opening balance sheet of the accumulated deficit for costs to obtain a contract of approximately $7.0 million.

Topic 230

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" which is intended to reduce the diversity in practice on classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force" which is intended to define the presentation and related disclosures of restricted cash balances. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("Topic 842") which requires the lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet thereby resulting in the recognition of lease assets and liabilities for those leases currently classified as operating leases. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged from current guidance, however, Topic 842 provides improvements that are intended to align lessor accounting with the lessee model and with updated revenue recognition guidance. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of Topic 842 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("Topic 350"), which eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this standard, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; earlier adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of Topic 350 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

With the exception of the new standards discussed above, there have been no other recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in the Company's Annual Report, that are of significance or potential significance to the Company.

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Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligation (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligation [Abstract]

Deferred revenue and performance obligation [Text Block]

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Deferred Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized approximately $30.2 million and $27.7 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods and primarily related to subscription services, maintenance and services.

Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2018, the Company expects to recognize approximately $285.6 million of revenue from remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately $132.3 million of these performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the balance recognized thereafter.

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Disaggregation of Revenue (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue [Text Block]

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue by Geography

The geographic information in the table below is presented for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company categorizes geographic revenues based on the location of the customer's headquarters. Because the Company's contracts are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, it has limited exposure to foreign currency exchange risk as discussed under "Foreign Currency Exchange Risk" of Part I, Item 3 below.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018				2017
	Revenue		Percent		Revenue		Revenue
United States of America	$	17,362	36	%	$	15,830	39	%
Europe	15,283		32	%	11,406		29	%
The rest of the world	15,265		32	%	12,893		32	%
Total revenue	$	47,910	100	%	$	40,129	100	%

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Impact on Financial Statement of Changes in Accounting Policies (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Impact of Adoption of New Revenue Standard [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Text Block]

5. Impact on Financial Statements of Changes in Accounting Policies

The Company applied Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet at January 1, 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605. The differences between balances under Topic 606 and Topic 605 are detailed below:

	March 31, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported			Adjustments			Balances Under Topic 605
Balance Sheets
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance	$	29,031		$	(643	)	$	28,388
Deferred costs, current	2,704			251			2,955
Long-term deferred costs	10,435			(7,442		)	2,993
Deferred revenue, current	83,682			949			84,631
Long-term deferred revenue	17,477			1,471			18,948
Accumulated deficit	$	(247,317	)	$	(10,254	)	$	(257,571	)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	As Reported			Adjustments			Balances Under Topic 605
Income Statements
Total revenue	$	47,910		$	(385	)	$	47,525
Total cost of revenue	19,521			(40		)	19,481
Selling and marketing	17,568			297			17,865
General and administrative	10,689			(80		)	10,609
Research and development	14,784			(59		)	14,725
Net loss	(18,856		)	(503		)	(19,359		)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.60	)

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Business Combination (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

Business Combination

On August 3, 2017, the Company acquired PROS Travel Commerce, Inc. (formerly Vayant Travel Technologies, Inc.) ("Vayant"), a privately held company based in Sofia, Bulgaria, for total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of approximately $34.1 million. Vayant is a cloud software company that provides advanced shopping, merchandising and inspirational travel solutions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company has included $2.2 million of revenue and $1.2 million of net loss related to Vayant in its consolidated income statement. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $0.1 million consisting primarily of integration costs and retention of key employees.

All of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the transaction have been recognized at their acquisition date fair values at August 3, 2017.

The preliminary allocation of the total purchase price for Vayant is as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	1,822
Other current assets	1,235
Noncurrent assets	86
Intangibles	18,600
Goodwill	17,052
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(1,668		)
Deferred revenue	(600		)
Deferred tax liability	(526		)
Noncurrent liabilities	(49		)
Net assets acquired	$	35,952

The following are the identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) with respect to the Vayant acquisition, and their respective useful lives:

			Useful Life
	Amount		(years)
Developed technology	$	11,600	7
Customer relationships	7,000		5
Total	$	18,600

In performing the preliminary purchase price allocation, the Company considered, among other factors, its anticipated future use of the acquired assets, historical financial performance, and estimated cash flows from Vayant's products and services. The allocation resulted in acquired intangible assets of $18.6 million. The acquired intangible assets consisted of developed technology and customer relationships and were valued using the income approach in which the after-tax cash flows are discounted to present value. The cash flows are based on estimates used to price the transaction, and the discount rates applied were benchmarked with reference to the implied rate of return from the transaction model as well as the weighted average cost of capital. Additionally, the Company assumed certain liabilities in the acquisition, including deferred revenue with a fair value of $0.6 million as determined using a cost-plus profit approach.

The Company made a preliminary determination that $0.5 million of net deferred tax liabilities were assumed on the acquisition date. The deferred tax liability is comprised of the value of intangible assets partially offset by a deferred tax asset related to net operating losses.

The excess of the purchase price over the estimated amounts of net assets as of the effective date of the acquisition was allocated to goodwill. The factors contributing to the recognition of the amount of goodwill were based on several strategic and synergistic benefits that were expected to be realized from the Vayant acquisition. These benefits include the expectation that the combined company’s complementary products will strengthen the Company's modern commerce solutions for the travel industry. The Company believes the combined company will benefit from a broader global presence and, with the Company’s direct sales force and larger channel coverage, significant cross-selling opportunities. None of the goodwill is expected to be currently deductible for tax purposes. In accordance with applicable accounting standards, goodwill will not be amortized but instead will be tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if certain indicators are present. In the event that the management of the combined company determines that the value of goodwill has become impaired, the combined company will incur an accounting charge for the amount of the impairment during the fiscal quarter in which the determination is made.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and Vayant, on a pro forma basis, as though the Company had acquired Vayant on January 1, 2016. The pro forma information for all periods presented also includes the effect of business combination accounting resulting from the acquisition, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except earnings per share)	2017
Total revenue	$	42,182
Net loss	(21,161		)
Earnings per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.68	)

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Earnings per Share (Note)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(20,207	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares (basic)	32,378			31,099
Dilutive effect of potential common shares	—			—
Weighted average shares (diluted)	32,378			31,099
Basic loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)

Dilutive potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, settlement of SARs, and the vesting of RSUs and MSUs. Potential common shares determined to be antidilutive and excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding were approximately 2.1 million and 2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Since the Company has the intention and ability to settle the principal amount of its Notes (as defined in Note 9 below) in cash, the treasury stock method is expected to be used for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted net income per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted net income per share of common stock when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $33.79 and $48.63 per share, for the 2019 Notes (as defined in Note 9 below) and 2047 Notes (as defined in Note 9 below), respectively.

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Noncash Share-based Compensation (Note)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Noncash Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Noncash Share-based Compensation

Noncash Share-based Compensation

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company granted 783,527 RSUs with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $27.17 per share. The Company also granted 116,899 MSUs with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $38.18 to certain executive employees during the three months ended March 31, 2018. These MSUs vest on January 10, 2021 and the actual number of MSUs that will be eligible to vest is based on the total stockholder return of the Company relative to the total stockholder return of the Index over the performance period, as defined by each award's plan documents or individual award agreements. The Company did not grant any stock options or SARs during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Share-based compensation expense is allocated to expense categories on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Share-based compensation:
Cost of revenue	$	482	$	575
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	1,284		1,273
General and administrative	2,879		2,802
Research and development	1,291		1,512
Total included in operating expenses	5,454		5,587
Total share-based compensation expense	$	5,936	$	6,162

The Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan ("2017 Stock Plan") was approved by stockholders in May 2017 and reserved an aggregate amount of 2,500,000 shares for issuance. As of March 31, 2018, 1,341,617 shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 Stock Plan.

At March 31, 2018, the Company had an estimated $49.8 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to share-based compensation arrangements. These costs will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") provides for eligible employees to purchase shares on an after-tax basis in an amount between 1% and 10% of their annual pay: (i) on June 30 of each year at a 15% discount of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on January 1 or June 30, whichever is lower, and (ii) on December 31 of each year at a 15% discount of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on July 1 or December 31, whichever is lower. An employee may not purchase more than $5,000 in either of the six-month measurement periods described above or more than $10,000 annually. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 37,115 shares under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2018, 253,986 shares remain authorized and available for issuance under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2018, the Company held approximately $0.5 million on behalf of employees for future purchases under the ESPP, and this amount was recorded in accrued payroll and other employee benefits in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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Convertible debt (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-term Debt [Text Block]

Convertible Senior Notes

The Company issued $143.8 million principal amount of convertible senior notes in December 2014 (the "2019 Notes") and $106.3 million principal amount of convertible senior notes in June 2017 (the "2047 Notes" and collectively with the 2019 Notes, the "Notes"). The interest rates for the Notes are fixed at 2.0% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on June 1, 2015 for the 2019 Notes, and on December 1, 2017 for the 2047 Notes. The 2019 Notes mature on December 1, 2019, unless redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2047 Notes mature on June 1, 2047, unless repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date.

Each $1,000 of principal of the 2019 Notes will initially be convertible into 29.5972 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $33.79 per share. Each $1,000 of principal amount at maturity of the 2047 Notes had an issue price of $880, and will initially be convertible into 20.5624 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $48.63 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. An amount equal to the difference between the issue price and the principal amount at maturity will accrete to the 2047 Notes in accordance with the schedule set forth in the 2047 Notes. The issue price plus such accreted amount of the 2047 Notes is referred to herein as the “accreted principal amount.” On June 1, 2022, the accreted principal amount will accrete to 100% of the principal amount at maturity.

The Notes are each general unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes, rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company's existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, are effectively junior to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables but excluding intercompany obligations owed to the Company or its subsidiaries).

From September 1, 2019 through the end of the second scheduled trading day immediately prior to maturity, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2019 Notes regardless of the contingent conversion conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election, as described in the indenture governing the 2019 Notes.

On or before June 1, 2021, and subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company is entitled to elect to redeem all or any portion of the 2047 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the 2047 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, if the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days during any 30 consecutive trading day period. After June 1, 2021, the Company will be entitled to elect to redeem all or any portion of the 2047 Notes (without regard to the price of the Company’s common stock) at a redemption price equal to the then current accreted principal amount of the 2047 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Holders may convert their 2019 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 1, 2019 only under the following circumstances:

• during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2015, if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

• during the five consecutive business day period immediately following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2019 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or

• upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

Holders may convert their 2047 Notes at their option on any day prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2047 under the following circumstances:

• during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending September 30, 2017, if the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock for 20 or more trading days (whether or not consecutive) in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds 130% of the applicable conversion price in effect on each such trading day;

• during the five consecutive business day period immediately following any five consecutive trading day period (the "Measurement Period") in which the trading price per 2047 Note for each day of that Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such day; or

• upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

The 2047 Notes will also be convertible, regardless of the foregoing circumstances, at any time from, and including, March 1, 2047 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the applicable maturity date. Each holder of the 2047 Notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of such holder's 2047 Notes on June 1, 2022 at a price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2047 Notes equal to the accreted principal amount at maturity plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the applicable series of Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the 2019 Notes and 2047 Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount at maturity of the Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If such a fundamental change occurs prior to June 1, 2022, holders of the 2047 Notes may also require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to the then current accreted principal amount of the Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the applicable maturity date, the Company will be required to increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their notes in certain circumstances. Holders who convert their 2047 Notes in connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2047 Notes) or in connection with a redemption of such 2047 Notes on or prior to June 1, 2021 will, under certain circumstances, be entitled to a make-whole premium in the form of an increase in the conversion rate determined by reference to a make-whole table set forth in such indenture.

As of March 31, 2018, the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes are not yet convertible.

In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, the Company valued and bifurcated the conversion options associated with each of the 2019 Notes and 2047 Notes from the respective host debt instrument, which is referred to as debt discount and recorded the conversion option of each of the Notes in stockholders’ equity. The equity component for each Note is not remeasured as long as such Note continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

In accounting for the transaction costs for each of the notes issuance, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $4.3 million for the 2019 Notes and $2.7 million for the 2047 Notes, are being amortized to expense over the expected life of each notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion option, totaling $1.2 million for the 2019 Notes and $0.3 million for the 2047 Notes, were netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

The Notes consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Liability component:
Principal	$	250,000		$	250,000
Less: debt discount and issuance cost, net of amortization	(33,869		)	(36,797		)
Net carrying amount	$	216,131		$	213,203
Equity component(1)	$	37,560		$	37,560

(1) Recorded within additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2018, it included $28.7 million and $8.8 million related to the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes, respectively, net of $1.2 million and $0.3 million issuance cost in equity, respectively.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
2.0% coupon	$	1,250	$	719
Amortization of debt issuance costs	349		214
Amortization of debt discount	2,580		1,461
Total	$	4,179	$	2,394

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of the principal amount of the Notes was $265.4 million and $246.6 million, respectively. The estimated fair value was determined based on inputs that are observable in the market or that could be derived from, or corroborated with, observable market data, including the Company's stock price and interest rates, which represents level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

As of March 31, 2018, the remaining life of the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes is approximately 20 months and 50 months, respectively.

Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

Concurrently with the offering of the 2019 Notes, the Company entered into separate convertible note hedge (the "Note Hedge") and warrant (the "Warrant") transactions. Taken together, the purchase of the Note Hedge and the sale of the Warrant are intended to offset any actual dilution from the conversion of the 2019 Notes and to effectively increase the overall conversion price of the 2019 Notes from $33.79 to $45.48 per share. The total cost of the Note Hedge transaction was $29.4 million. The Company received $17.1 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the Warrant.

Pursuant to the Warrants, if the average market value per share of the Company's common stock for the reporting period, as measured under the Warrant, exceeds the strike price of the Warrant, the Warrant will have a dilutive effect on the Company's earnings per share. Holders of the 2019 Notes and Note Hedge will not have any rights with respect to the Warrant, as the Note Hedge is not part of the 2019 Notes or the Warrant. The Warrant is not part of the 2019 Notes or Note Hedge. Both the Note Hedge and Warrant have been accounted for as part of additional paid-in capital.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, the Company regularly becomes involved in contract and other negotiations and, in more limited circumstances, becomes involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation. The outcomes of these matters are inherently unpredictable. The Company is not currently involved in any outstanding litigation that it believes, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Purchase commitments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters in various purchase commitments for goods and services.

In June 2017, the Company entered in a noncancelable agreement with a computing infrastructure vendor that expires on June 30, 2020. The purchase commitment as of March 31, 2018 was $17.8 million for the remaining period under the three-year agreement.

Lease commitments

The Company leases office space and office equipment under noncancelable operating leases that expire at various dates.

As of March 31, 2018, the future minimum lease commitments related to lease agreements were as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Amount
Remaining 2018	$	2,985
2019	3,352
2020	1,725
2021	1,005
2022	707
2023 and thereafter	46
Total minimum lease payments	$	9,820

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial reporting and applicable quarterly reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In management's opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2018, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 ("Annual Report") filed with the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required under GAAP.

Accounting Changes [Text Block]

Changes in accounting policies

The Company has consistently applied these accounting policies to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, except for the Company's adoption of certain accounting standards described in more detail under "Recently adopted accounting pronouncements" in this Note 2below.

Basis of consolidation

Basis of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and a subsidiary where the Company exercises control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The functional currency of PROS France SAS ("PROS France") is the euro. The financial statements of this subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, historical rates of exchange for equity, and average rates of exchange for the period for revenue and expenses. Translation gains (losses) are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of stockholders' equity.

Dollar amounts

Dollar amounts

The dollar amounts presented in the tabular data within these footnote disclosures are stated in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts, or as noted within the context of each footnote disclosure.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The Company makes estimates and assumptions in the preparation of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and its estimates and assumptions may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The complexity and judgment required in the Company's estimation process, as well as issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the application of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue. Estimates are also used for, but not limited to, receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of assets, depreciation and amortization, income taxes and deferred tax asset valuation, valuation of stock options, other current liabilities and accrued liabilities. Numerous internal and external factors can affect estimates. The critical accounting policies related to estimates and judgments are discussed in the Annual Report under management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and are also discussed under Item 2 "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations".

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from subscription services, professional services, perpetual licensing of its software products and associated software maintenance and support services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the customer contract(s);

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation in the customer contract(s); and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Subscription services revenue

Subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that give customers access to one or more of the Company's cloud applications with routine customer support. Subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that the Company's service is made available to the customer. The Company's subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and, as a result, are accounted for as service contracts. The Company's subscription contracts are generally two to five years in length, billed annually in advance, and are non-cancelable.

Maintenance and support revenue

Maintenance and support revenue includes post-implementation customer support and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements. The Company recognizes revenue from maintenance arrangements ratably over the period in which the services are provided. The Company's maintenance and support contracts are generally one to three years in length, billed annually in advance, and non-cancelable.

License revenue

Licenses for on-premise software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. License revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. For customer contracts that contain license and professional services that are not considered distinct, the license and professional services are determined to be a single performance obligation and recognized over time based upon the Company's efforts to satisfy the performance obligation.

Professional services revenue

Professional services revenue primarily consists of fees for deployment and configuration services, as well as training. Professional services revenues are generally recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts, or on a proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts. The majority of the Company's professional services contracts are on a time and materials basis. Training revenues are recognized as the services are rendered.

Significant judgments are required in determining whether professional services that are contained in customer subscription services contracts are considered distinct, including whether the professional services are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract. Professional services that are deemed to be distinct are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the services are performed. If determined that the professional services are not considered distinct, the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer.

Customer Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

A portion of the Company's customer contracts contain multiple performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining whether multiple performance obligations contained in customer contracts are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in customer contracts. If the obligations are determined to be distinct, each separate performance obligation is recognized when, or as, the Company satisfies the performance obligation. If the obligations are not determined to be distinct, they are recognized as a single combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.

Business Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Business combinations

The Company records tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Amounts paid for each acquisition are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, particularly acquired intangible assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. Each asset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant.

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company's estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period, the Company reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company's preliminary estimates to goodwill. Any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations upon the earlier of the conclusion of the measurement period and final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed.

Internal-use software

Internal-use software

Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the development stage are capitalized, stated at cost, and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Development stage costs generally include salaries and personnel costs and third-party contractor expenses associated with internal-use software configuration, coding, installation and testing. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company capitalized $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of internal-use software development costs related to cloud-based offerings. Capitalized internal-use software development costs related to cloud-based offerings are amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life of the asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company amortized $0.2 million and zero, respectively, of capitalized internal-use software development costs. Capitalized software for internal use is included in property and equipment, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs, once it commences, is included in cost of subscription revenues in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes comparison of future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets with the associated assets' carrying value. If the carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds its expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded no impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Noncash share-based compensation

Noncash share-based compensation

The Company measures all share-based payments to its employees based on the grant date fair value of the awards and recognizes expenses in the Company's unaudited consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) on a straight-line basis over the periods during which the recipient is required to perform services (generally over the vesting period of the awards). To date, the Company has granted stock options, Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), stock settled Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs"), and Market Stock Units ("MSUs"). RSUs include (i) time-based awards, and (ii) market-based awards in which the number of shares that vest are based upon attainment of target average per share closing price over a requisite trading period. MSUs are performance-based awards in which the number of shares that vest are based upon the Company's relative stockholder return.

The following table presents the number of shares or units outstanding for each award type as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, (in thousands):

Award type	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Stock options	45	135
Restricted stock units (time-based)	2,109	2,133
Restricted stock units (market-based)	345	345
Stock appreciation rights	303	356
Market stock units	419	387

Stock options, time-based RSUs and SARs vest ratably between one and four years. Market-based RSUs vest if the average trailing closing price of the Company's Common Stock meets certain minimum performance hurdles for at least 105 calendar days prior to September 9, 2020, with 25% vesting at $27, an additional 25% vesting at $33, and the remaining 50% vesting at $41. The actual number of MSUs that will be eligible to vest is based on the total stockholder return of the Company relative to the total stockholder return of the Russell 2000 Index ("Index") over their respective performance periods, as defined by each award's plan documents. The Company did not grant any stock options or SARs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

The fair value of the time-based RSUs is based on the closing price of the Company's stock on the date of grant.

The Company estimates the fair value and the derived service period of the market-based RSUs on the date of grant using a 'Monte Carlo' simulation model. The model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the expected volatility of the Company's stock, its risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatility of the Company over the performance period.

The fair value of the market-based RSUs is expensed over the derived service period for each separate vesting tranche. The derived service period for the vesting tranches of the market-based RSUs ranges between 1.01 and 1.98 years.

The Company estimates the fair value of MSUs on the date of grant using a 'Monte Carlo' simulation model. The determination of fair value of the MSUs is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions including the expected volatilities of the Company's stock and the Index, its risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of the Company and the Index over the performance period.

The weighted average assumptions used to value the MSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:

	March 31, 2018
Volatility	43.67%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%
Expected option life in years	2.97
Dividend yield	—

Earnings per share

Earnings per share

The Company computes basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares then outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities, using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, shares of unvested restricted stock units, and settlement of stock appreciation rights. When the Company incurs a net loss, the effect of the Company's outstanding stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock units are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share are identical.

Cost Method Investments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cost method investment

Investments in equity securities of privately held companies without readily determinable fair value, where the Company does not exercise significant influence over the investee, are recorded using the cost method of accounting, carrying the investment at historical cost. If there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that might have an adverse effect on the cost method investments, the Company does not estimate the investments' fair value. For all investments, if a decline in the fair value of an investment below the carrying value is determined to be other-than-temporary, such investment is written down to its estimated fair value with a charge to current earnings.

At both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $2.0 million of equity securities in a privately held company. This investment is accounted for under the cost method and the Company measures it at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company estimates fair value of its cost method investment considering available information such as pricing in recent rounds of financing, current cash positions, earnings and cash flow forecasts, recent operational performance and any other readily available market data, which represents level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as defined by Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 820, "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure" ("ASC 820"). As of March 31, 2018, the Company determined there were no other-than-temporary impairments on its cost method investment. 

Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement

The Company's financial assets that are included in cash and cash equivalents and that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of $135.9 million and $131.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and were invested in treasury money market funds. The fair value of the treasury money market funds is determined based on quoted market prices, which represents level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as defined by ASC 820.

Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables are primarily comprised of trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, contract assets and unbilled receivables. The Company records trade accounts receivable for its unconditional rights to consideration arising from the Company's performance under contracts with customers. The Company's standard billing terms are that payment is due upon receipt of invoice, payable generally within 30 to 60 days. The carrying value of such receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents their estimated net realizable value. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts for specific trade receivable balances based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding trade receivables, existing economic conditions, and any financial security associated with the receivables.

Contract assets represent conditional rights to consideration that have been recognized as revenue in advance of billing the customer. Unbilled receivables represent unconditional rights to consideration arising from contingent revenue, that have been recognized as revenue in advance of billing the customer.

Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Deferred costs

Sales commissions earned by the Company's sales representatives are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a customer contract. Sales commissions are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit which the Company has determined to be five to eight years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its customer contracts, expected renewals as the Company currently does not pay an incremental sales commission, the Company's technology and other factors. The Company also defers amounts earned by employees other than sales representatives who earn incentive payments under compensation plans that are also tied to the value of customer contracts acquired. Deferred costs were $13.1 million and $6.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs was $0.7 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Revenue Recognition, Deferred Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of customer invoicing in advance of revenues being recognized. The Company generally invoices its customers annually in advance for subscription services and maintenance and support services. Deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized during the next twelve-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term.

Credit Facility

Credit facility

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its $50.0 million secured Credit Agreement ("Revolver") with the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as agent for the lenders party thereto. The Company included$0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Revolver in prepaid and other current assets and other long-term assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of amortization of debt issuance cost which is included in other income (expense), net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Income taxes

Income taxes

The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily related to foreign income taxes and state taxes not based on income. The effective tax rate for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was (1)%. The income tax rates vary from the federal and state statutory rates primarily due to the valuation allowances on the Company’s deferred tax assets, the limitation on deductibility of certain officers’ compensation, and foreign and state taxes not based on income. The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate at the end of each quarterly period. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year where no tax benefit can be recognized due to the valuation allowances on the Company’s deferred tax assets are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter depending on the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Topic 606

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("Topic 606"). Topic 606 replaces the prior revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition" ("Topic 605" or "Prior Guidance") with a comprehensive revenue measurement and recognition standard, and expanded disclosure requirements. The new standard also provides guidance on the recognition of costs related to obtaining customer contracts. Topic 606 took effect in the first quarter of 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company adopted Topic 606 and applied Topic 606 to those contracts which were not complete as of January 1, 2018using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting under the Prior Guidance.

The most significant impact of Topic 606 relates to the Company's accounting for arrangements that include term-based software licenses bundled with maintenance and support, the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including the period of amortization of such costs, and additional disclosures. Under the Prior Guidance, revenue attributable to term-based software licenses was recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement when vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") did not exist for the undelivered maintenance and support element because it was not sold separately. Topic 606 does not require VSOE for undelivered elements to separate revenue for the delivered software licenses. Accordingly, under the new standard, the Company is required to recognize as revenue a portion of the arrangement fee upon delivery of the software license. The adjustment to the opening balance sheet of the accumulated deficit for all revenue related items was a decrease of approximately $2.7 million.

Topic 606 also requires the Company to capitalize and amortize the costs to obtain a contract over the expected period of customer benefit. The Company previously capitalized and amortized only direct and incremental commission costs over the term of the related contract. The expected period of customer benefit determined under Topic 606 is longer than the typical two to five year term of the Company's contracts as required under the Prior Guidance. As a result of applying Topic 606, the Company recorded a decrease to the opening balance sheet of the accumulated deficit for costs to obtain a contract of approximately $7.0 million.

Topic 230

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" which is intended to reduce the diversity in practice on classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force" which is intended to define the presentation and related disclosures of restricted cash balances. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("Topic 842") which requires the lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet thereby resulting in the recognition of lease assets and liabilities for those leases currently classified as operating leases. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged from current guidance, however, Topic 842 provides improvements that are intended to align lessor accounting with the lessee model and with updated revenue recognition guidance. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of Topic 842 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("Topic 350"), which eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this standard, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; earlier adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of Topic 350 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

With the exception of the new standards discussed above, there have been no other recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in the Company's Annual Report, that are of significance or potential significance to the Company.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Awards outstanding [Table Text Block]

The following table presents the number of shares or units outstanding for each award type as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, (in thousands):

Award type	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Stock options	45	135
Restricted stock units (time-based)	2,109	2,133
Restricted stock units (market-based)	345	345
Stock appreciation rights	303	356
Market stock units	419	387

Market Stock Units Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The weighted average assumptions used to value the MSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:

	March 31, 2018
Volatility	43.67%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%
Expected option life in years	2.97
Dividend yield	—

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Disaggregation of Revenue (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Revenue by Geography [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation Of Revenue [Table Text Block]

The geographic information in the table below is presented for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company categorizes geographic revenues based on the location of the customer's headquarters. Because the Company's contracts are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, it has limited exposure to foreign currency exchange risk as discussed under "Foreign Currency Exchange Risk" of Part I, Item 3 below.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018				2017
	Revenue		Percent		Revenue		Revenue
United States of America	$	17,362	36	%	$	15,830	39	%
Europe	15,283		32	%	11,406		29	%
The rest of the world	15,265		32	%	12,893		32	%
Total revenue	$	47,910	100	%	$	40,129	100	%

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Impact on Financial Statement of Changes in Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Impact of Adoption of New Revenue Standard [Abstract]

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Table Text Block]

The Company applied Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet at January 1, 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605. The differences between balances under Topic 606 and Topic 605 are detailed below:

	March 31, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported			Adjustments			Balances Under Topic 605
Balance Sheets
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance	$	29,031		$	(643	)	$	28,388
Deferred costs, current	2,704			251			2,955
Long-term deferred costs	10,435			(7,442		)	2,993
Deferred revenue, current	83,682			949			84,631
Long-term deferred revenue	17,477			1,471			18,948
Accumulated deficit	$	(247,317	)	$	(10,254	)	$	(257,571	)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	As Reported			Adjustments			Balances Under Topic 605
Income Statements
Total revenue	$	47,910		$	(385	)	$	47,525
Total cost of revenue	19,521			(40		)	19,481
Selling and marketing	17,568			297			17,865
General and administrative	10,689			(80		)	10,609
Research and development	14,784			(59		)	14,725
Net loss	(18,856		)	(503		)	(19,359		)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.60	)

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Business Combination (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Business Combination, Schedule of purchase price allocation [Table Text Block]

The preliminary allocation of the total purchase price for Vayant is as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	1,822
Other current assets	1,235
Noncurrent assets	86
Intangibles	18,600
Goodwill	17,052
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(1,668		)
Deferred revenue	(600		)
Deferred tax liability	(526		)
Noncurrent liabilities	(49		)
Net assets acquired	$	35,952

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination [Table Text Block]

The following are the identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) with respect to the Vayant acquisition, and their respective useful lives:

			Useful Life
	Amount		(years)
Developed technology	$	11,600	7
Customer relationships	7,000		5
Total	$	18,600

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and Vayant, on a pro forma basis, as though the Company had acquired Vayant on January 1, 2016. The pro forma information for all periods presented also includes the effect of business combination accounting resulting from the acquisition, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except earnings per share)	2017
Total revenue	$	42,182
Net loss	(21,161		)
Earnings per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.68	)

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Earnings per Share (Table)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(20,207	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares (basic)	32,378			31,099
Dilutive effect of potential common shares	—			—
Weighted average shares (diluted)	32,378			31,099
Basic loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.65	)

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Noncash Share-based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Noncash Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Share-based compensation:
Cost of revenue	$	482	$	575
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	1,284		1,273
General and administrative	2,879		2,802
Research and development	1,291		1,512
Total included in operating expenses	5,454		5,587
Total share-based compensation expense	$	5,936	$	6,162

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Convertible debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Debt [Table Text Block]

The Notes consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Liability component:
Principal	$	250,000		$	250,000
Less: debt discount and issuance cost, net of amortization	(33,869		)	(36,797		)
Net carrying amount	$	216,131		$	213,203
Equity component(1)	$	37,560		$	37,560

(1) Recorded within additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2018, it included $28.7 million and $8.8 million related to the 2019 Notes and the 2047 Notes, respectively, net of $1.2 million and $0.3 million issuance cost in equity, respectively.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
2.0% coupon	$	1,250	$	719
Amortization of debt issuance costs	349		214
Amortization of debt discount	2,580		1,461
Total	$	4,179	$	2,394

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Future minimum lease commitments [Line Items]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

As of March 31, 2018, the future minimum lease commitments related to lease agreements were as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Amount
Remaining 2018	$	2,985
2019	3,352
2020	1,725
2021	1,005
2022	707
2023 and thereafter	46
Total minimum lease payments	$	9,820

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred Costs	$ 13,100,000			$ 6,300,000
Amortization of Deferred Charges	700,000	$ 300,000
Internal-use software development costs capitalized	1,316,000	572,000
Tangible Asset Impairment Charges	0
Treasury money market funds, at fair value	135,900,000			$ 131,400,000
Cost Method Investments, Fair Value Disclosure	2,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Amount Outstanding	0
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	50,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense	173,000
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	$ 132,000	177,000
Effective income tax rate	(1.00%)
Cloud-based product offerings [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Internal-use software development costs capitalized	$ 1,410,000	607,000
Capitalized Computer Software, Amortization	$ 157,000	$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period	1 year 4 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period	1 year 11 months 23 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	4 years
Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Awards vesting upon Price Target	25.00%
Share Price Target	$ 27
Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Awards vesting upon Price Target	25.00%
Share Price Target	$ 33
Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Three [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Awards vesting upon Price Target	50.00%
Share Price Target	$ 41
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
New Accounting Pronouncement, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity, Impact of Revenue			$ 2,700,000
New Accounting Pronouncement, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity, Impact of Cost to Obtain Contract			$ 7,000,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Awards Outstanding (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Stock options
Awards outstanding [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number	45	135
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Awards outstanding [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number	2,109	2,133
Restricted stock unit - market-based [Member]
Awards outstanding [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number	345	345
Stock appreciation rights
Awards outstanding [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number	303	356
Market Share Units (MSUs) [Member]
Awards outstanding [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number	419	387

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fair Value Calculation Assumptions (Details) - Market Share Units (MSUs) [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018
Valuation Assumptions for Stock Awards [Line Items]
Volatility	43.67%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%
Expected life, in years	2 years 11 months 20 days
Dividend yield	0.00%

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Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligation [Abstract]
Deferred Revenue, Revenue Recognized	$ 30.2	$ 27.7
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation	285.6
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation, to be recognized within 12 months	$ 132.3

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Disaggregation of Revenue Revenue by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Revenues	$ 47,910	$ 40,129
Percentage of total revenue	100.00%	100.00%
UNITED STATES
Revenues	$ 17,362	$ 15,830
Percentage of total revenue	36.00%	39.00%
Europe [Member]
Revenues	$ 15,283	$ 11,406
Percentage of total revenue	32.00%	29.00%
The rest of the world [Member]
Revenues	$ 15,265	$ 12,893
Percentage of total revenue	32.00%	32.00%

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Impact on Financial Statement of Changes in Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Account and Unbilled Receivables, Net	$ 29,031		$ 32,484
Deferred Costs, Current	2,704		3,137
Deferred Costs, Noncurrent	10,435		3,194
Deferred Revenue, Current	83,682		75,604
Long-term deferred revenue	17,477		19,591
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(247,317)		$ (238,185)
Revenues	47,910	$ 40,129
Cost of Revenue	19,521	16,609
Selling and Marketing Expense	17,568	16,473
General and Administrative Expense	10,689	10,408
Research and development	14,784	14,307
Net income (loss)	$ (18,856)	$ (20,207)
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	$ (0.58)	$ (0.65)
New Revenue Standard Adjustment [Member]
Account and Unbilled Receivables, Net	$ (643)
Deferred Costs, Current	251
Deferred Costs, Noncurrent	(7,442)
Deferred Revenue, Current	949
Long-term deferred revenue	1,471
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(10,254)
Revenues	(385)
Cost of Revenue	(40)
Selling and Marketing Expense	297
General and Administrative Expense	(80)
Research and development	(59)
Net income (loss)	$ (503)
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	$ (0.02)
Balances Under Topic 605 [Member]
Account and Unbilled Receivables, Net	$ 28,388
Deferred Costs, Current	2,955
Deferred Costs, Noncurrent	2,993
Deferred Revenue, Current	84,631
Long-term deferred revenue	18,948
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(257,571)
Revenues	47,525
Cost of Revenue	19,481
Selling and Marketing Expense	17,865
General and Administrative Expense	10,609
Research and development	14,725
Net income (loss)	$ (19,359)
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	$ (0.60)

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Business Combination (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Aug. 03, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Business Combination [Abstract]
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Net of Cash Acquired	$ 34,100
Business Combination, Pro Forma Information, Revenue of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, Actual		$ 2,200
Business Combination, Pro Forma Information, Earnings or Loss of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, Actual		1,200
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs		$ 95	$ 0

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Business Combination Business Combination Pro Forma (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Revenue	$ 42,182
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Net Income (Loss)	$ (21,161)
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Earnings Per Share, Basic | $ / shares	$ (0.68)

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Business Combination Business Combination, Schedule Of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired And Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 03, 2017
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Cash and Equivalents			$ 1,822
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Other			1,235
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Other Noncurrent Assets			86
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill			18,600
Goodwill	$ 38,764	$ 38,458	17,052
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Other			(1,668)
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Deferred Revenue			(600)
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities Noncurrent			(526)
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Noncurrent Liabilities, Other			(49)
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired, Goodwill, and Liabilities Assumed, Net			$ 35,952

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Business Combination Business Combination, Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired (Details) $ in Thousands	Aug. 03, 2017 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill	$ 18,600
Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired	$ 11,600
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired	$ 7,000
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	5 years

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Earnings per Share (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive potential common shares excluded from computation of earnings per share	2,075	2,487
Notes due 2019 [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Stock Price Trigger	$ 33.79
Notes due 2047 [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Stock Price Trigger	$ 48.63

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Earnings per Share Basis and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Numerator
Net income (loss)	$ (18,856)	$ (20,207)
Denominator
Weighted average shares (basic)	32,378	31,099
Dilutive effect of potential common shares	0	0
Weighted average shares (diluted)	32,378	31,099
Basic Earnings Per Share	$ (0.58)	$ (0.65)
Diluted earnings per share	$ (0.58)	$ (0.65)

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Noncash Share-based Compensation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to share-based compensation | $	$ 49,784,000
Weighted average period to recognize cost, in years	2 years 9 months 5 days
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment, Minimum Employee Subscription rate	1.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Maximum Employee Subscription Rate	10.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Discount from Market Price, Offering Date	15.00%
Maximum Amount Contributable by employees under ESPP- Half yearly | $	$ 5,000
Maximum Amount Contributable By Employees Under ESPP- Annually | $	$ 10,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Employee Stock Purchase Plans	37,115
ESPP contributions by Employees | $	$ 534,000
RSUs
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Awards, other than options, granted in period	783,527
Weighted average grant date fair value, per share, of awards granted in period | $ / shares	$ 27.17
MSUs
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Awards, other than options, granted in period	116,899
Weighted average grant date fair value, per share, of awards granted in period | $ / shares	$ 38.18
Employee Stock [Member]
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Shares available for future grants	253,986
2017 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] [Member]
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance under Plan	2,500,000
Shares available for future grants	1,341,617
Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member]
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Awards vesting upon Price Target	25.00%
Share Price Target | $ / shares	$ 27
Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member]
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Awards vesting upon Price Target	25.00%
Share Price Target | $ / shares	$ 33
Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Three [Member]
Noncash Share-based Compensation (Narrative) [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Awards vesting upon Price Target	50.00%
Share Price Target | $ / shares	$ 41

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Noncash Share-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 5,936	$ 6,162
Cost of Sales [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	482	575
Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,284	1,273
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	2,879	2,802
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,291	1,512
Operating Expense [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 5,454	$ 5,587

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Convertible debt (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt, Percentage Bearing Fixed Interest, Percentage Rate	2.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 250,000,000		$ 250,000,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net	33,869,000		36,797,000
Convertible Debt, Noncurrent	216,131,000		213,203,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Carrying Amount of Equity Component	37,560,000		37,560,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest	1,250,000	$ 719,000
Amortization of Financing Costs	349,000	214,000
Amortization of Debt Discount (Premium)	2,580,000	1,461,000
Interest Expense, Debt	4,179,000	$ 2,394,000
Debt Instrument, Fair Value Disclosure	265,363,000		$ 246,648,000
Notes due 2047 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Issuance Cost	2,700,000
Convertible debt, issuance cost, equity component	$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Ratio	20.5624
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Stock Price Trigger | $ / shares	$ 48.63
Debt instrument, Convertible, Initial issue price per $1,000 of principal	$ 880
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	106,250,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Carrying Amount of Equity Component	$ 8,846,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Remaining Discount Amortization Period	50 months
Notes due 2019 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Issuance Cost	$ 4,300,000
Convertible debt, issuance cost, equity component	$ 1,200,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Ratio	29.5972
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Stock Price Trigger | $ / shares	$ 33.79
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 143,750,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Carrying Amount of Equity Component	$ 28,714,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Remaining Discount Amortization Period	20 months
Purchase of convertible bond hedge	$ (29,411,000)
Investment Warrants, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 45.48
Proceeds from Issuance of Warrants	$ 17,106,000

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Commitments and Contingencies Future minimum lease payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Remainder of Fiscal Year	$ 2,985
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Two Years	3,352
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Three Years	1,725
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Four Years	1,005
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Five Years	707
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due Thereafter	46
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due	$ 9,820

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Commitments and Contingencies Purchase commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Purchase Obligation	$ 17,800