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Loans and Asset Quality
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and asset quality
Loans and asset quality

Loans

The table below provides the details of our loan distribution and industry concentrations of credit risk at March 31, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012.

Loans
March 31,

 
Dec. 31,

(in millions)
2013

 
2012

Domestic:
 
 
 
Financial institutions
$
4,920

 
$
5,455

Commercial
1,351

 
1,306

Wealth management loans and mortgages
8,919

 
8,796

Commercial real estate
1,822

 
1,677

Lease financings (a)
1,295

 
1,329

Other residential mortgages
1,570

 
1,632

Overdrafts
2,772

 
2,228

Other
644

 
639

Margin loans
13,242

 
13,397

Total domestic
36,535

 
36,459

Foreign:
 
 
 
Financial institutions
8,864

 
5,833

Commercial
129

 
111

Wealth management loans and mortgages
72

 
68

Commercial real estate
52

 
63

Lease financings (a)
1,025

 
1,025

Other (primarily overdrafts)
2,547

 
3,070

Total foreign
12,689

 
10,170

Total loans
$
49,224

 
$
46,629

(a)
Net of unearned income on domestic and foreign lease financings of $1,106 million at March 31, 2013 and $1,135 million at Dec. 31, 2012.


Our loan portfolio is comprised of three portfolio segments: commercial, lease financings and mortgages. We manage our portfolio at the class level which is comprised of six classes of financing receivables: commercial, commercial real estate, financial institutions, lease financings, wealth management loans and mortgages and other residential mortgages. The following tables are presented for each class of financing receivable, and provide additional information about our credit risks and the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for credit losses

Transactions in the allowance for credit losses are summarized as follows:

Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2013
Wealth
management
loans and
mortgages

Other residential mortgages

 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

All
Other

 
Foreign

 
Total

Beginning balance
$
104

$
30

$
36

$
49

$
30

$
88

$
2

 
$
48

 
$
387

Charge-offs
(2
)
—

—

—

—

(3
)
—

 
—

 
(5
)
Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

 
—

Net (charge-offs)
(2
)
—

—

—

—

(3
)
—

 
—

 
(5
)
Provision
(5
)
1

(3
)
(10
)
(1
)
(4
)
—

 
(2
)
 
(24
)
Ending balance
$
97

$
31

$
33

$
39

$
29

$
81

$
2

 
$
46

 
$
358

Allowance for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans losses
$
22

$
19

$
11

$
39

$
25

$
81

$
2

 
$
38

 
$
237

Unfunded commitments
75

12

22

—

4

—

—

 
8

 
121

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
54

$
16

$
3

$
—

$
31

$
—

$
—

 
$
9

 
$
113

Allowance for loan losses
7

1

—

—

7

—

—

 
5

 
20

Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
1,297

$
1,806

$
4,917

$
1,295

$
8,888

$
1,570

$
16,658

(a)
$
12,680

 
$
49,111

Allowance for loan losses
15

18

11

39

18

81

2

 
33

 
217

(a)
Includes $2,772 million of domestic overdrafts, $13,242 million of margin loans and $644 million of other loans at March 31, 2013.


Allowance for credit losses for quarter ended Dec. 31, 2012
Wealth
management
loans and
mortgages

Other residential mortgages

 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

All
Other

 
Foreign

 
Total

Beginning balance
$
98

$
35

$
37

$
55

$
33

$
141

$
2


$
55

 
$
456

Charge-offs
—

—

(5
)
—

(1
)
(4
)
—


—

 
(10
)
Recoveries
—

—

—

—

1

1

—


—

 
2

Net (charge-offs)
—

—

(5
)
—

—

(3
)
—


—

 
(8
)
Provision
6

(5
)
4

(6
)
(3
)
(50
)
—

 
(7
)
 
(61
)
Ending balance
$
104

$
30

$
36

$
49

$
30

$
88

$
2


$
48

 
$
387

Allowance for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans losses
$
30

$
20

$
12

$
49

$
26

$
88

$
2


$
39

 
$
266

Unfunded commitments
74

10

24

—

4

—

—


9

 
121

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
57

$
17

$
3

$
—

$
31

$
—

$
—


$
9

 
$
117

Allowance for loan losses
12

1

—

—

7

—

—


4

 
24

Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
1,249

$
1,660

$
5,452

$
1,329

$
8,765

$
1,632

$
16,264

(a)
$
10,161

 
$
46,512

Allowance for loan losses
18

19

12

49

19

88

2


35

 
242

(a)
Includes $2,228 million of domestic overdrafts, $13,397 million of margin loans and $639 million of other loans at Dec. 31, 2012.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2012
Wealth
management
loans and
mortgages

Other
residential
mortgages

All
Other

 
Foreign

 
Total

(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

 
 
Beginning balance
$
91

$
34

$
63

$
66

$
29

$
156

$
—


$
58


$
497

Charge-offs
—

—

—

—

—

(10
)
—


—


(10
)
Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

2

—


—


2

Net (charge-offs)
—

—

—

—

—

(8
)
—


—


(8
)
Provision
6

(1
)
(10
)
(4
)
5

17

—


(8
)

5

Ending balance
$
97

$
33

$
53

$
62

$
34

$
165

$
—


$
50


$
494

Allowance for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans losses
$
36

$
22

$
30

$
62

$
29

$
165

$
—


$
42


$
386

Unfunded commitments
61

11

23

—

5

—

—


8


108

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
66

$
38

$
14

$
—

$
31

$
—

$
—


$
10


$
159

Allowance for loan losses
17

6

5

—

7

—

—


3


38

Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
697

$
1,403

$
4,881

$
1,518

$
7,281

$
1,854

$
15,964

(a)
$
9,271


$
42,869

Allowance for loan losses
19

16

25

62

22

165

—


39

  
348

(a)
Includes $1,971 million of domestic overdrafts, $13,144 million of margin loans and $849 million of other loans at March 31, 2012.
Nonperforming assets

The table below sets forth information about our nonperforming assets. 

Nonperforming assets
March 31,
2013

 
Dec. 31, 2012

(in millions)
 
Nonperforming loans:
 
 
 
Other residential mortgages
$
148

 
$
158

Wealth management loans and mortgages
30

 
30

Commercial
24

 
27

Commercial real estate
17

 
18

Foreign loans
9

 
9

Financial institutions
3

 
3

Total nonperforming loans
231

 
245

Other assets owned
3

 
4

Total nonperforming assets (a)
$
234

 
$
249

(a)
Loans of consolidated investment management funds are not part of BNY Mellon’s loan portfolio. Included in these loans are nonperforming loans of $161 million at March 31, 2013 and $174 million at Dec. 31, 2012. These loans are recorded at fair value and therefore do not impact the provision for credit losses and allowance for loan losses, and accordingly are excluded from the nonperforming assets table above.


At March 31, 2013, undrawn commitments to borrowers whose loans were classified as nonaccrual or reduced rate were not material.
Lost interest

Lost interest
1Q13

4Q12

1Q12

(in millions)
Amount by which interest income recognized on nonperforming loans exceeded reversals
$
1

$
2

$
—

Amount by which interest income would have increased if nonperforming loans at period-end had been performing for the entire period
$
3

$
3

$
5

Impaired loans

The table below sets forth information about our impaired loans. We use the discounted cash flow method as the primary method for valuing impaired loans. 

Impaired loans
Quarter ended
 
March 31, 2013
 
Dec. 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2012
(in millions)
Average
recorded
investment

 
Interest
income
recognized

 
Average
recorded
investment

 
Interest
income
recognized

 
Average
recorded
investment

 
Interest
income
recognized

Impaired loans with an allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
56

 
$
1

 
$
59

 
$
1

 
$
46

 
$
1

Commercial real estate
9

 
—

 
20

 
—

 
35

 
—

Financial institutions
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
16

 
—

Wealth management loans and mortgages
27

 
—

 
28

 
—

 
28

 
—

Foreign
9

 
—

 
9

 
—

 
10

 
—

Total impaired loans with an allowance
102

 
1

 
117

 
1

 
135

 
1

Impaired loans without an allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
8

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
3

 
—

Financial institutions
1

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
3

 
—

Wealth management loans and mortgages
4

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
3

 
—

Total impaired loans without an allowance (a)
13

 
—

 
10

 
—

 
9

 
—

Total impaired loans
$
115

 
$
1

 
$
127

 
$
1

 
$
144

 
$
1

(a)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance under the accounting standard related to impaired loans.


Impaired loans
March 31, 2013
 
Dec. 31, 2012
(in millions)
Recorded
investment

 
Unpaid
principal
balance

 
Related
allowance (a)

 
Recorded
investment

 
Unpaid
principal
balance

 
Related
allowance (a)

Impaired loans with an allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
54

 
$
58

 
$
7

 
$
57

 
$
61

 
$
12

Commercial real estate
3

 
4

 
1

 
15

 
16

 
1

Financial institutions
1

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
1

 
—

Wealth management loans and mortgages
27

 
27

 
7

 
28

 
28

 
7

Foreign
9

 
17

 
5

 
9

 
17

 
4

Total impaired loans with an allowance
94

 
107

 
20

 
110

 
123

 
24

Impaired loans without an allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
13

 
13

 
N/A

 
2

 
2

 
N/A

Financial institutions
2

 
8

 
N/A

 
1

 
8

 
N/A

Wealth management loans and mortgages
4

 
4

 
N/A

 
4

 
4

 
N/A

Total impaired loans without an allowance (b)
19

 
25

 
N/A

 
7

 
14

 
N/A

Total impaired loans (c)
$
113

 
$
132

 
$
20

 
$
117

 
$
137

 
$
24

(a)
The allowance for impaired loans is included in the allowance for loan losses.
(b)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance under the accounting standard related to impaired loans.
(c)
Excludes an aggregate of $1 million and $2 million of impaired loans in amounts individually less than $1 million at March 31, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, respectively. The allowance for loan loss associated with these loans totaled less than $1 million at both March 31, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012.
Past due loans

The table below sets forth information about our past due loans. 

Past due loans and still accruing interest
March 31, 2013
 
Dec. 31, 2012
 
Days past due
 
Total
past due

 
Days past due
 
Total
past due

(in millions)
30-59

 
60-89

 
>90

 
30-59

 
60-89

 
>90

 
Domestic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
45

 
$
—

 
$
8

 
$
53

 
$
44

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
44

Wealth management loans and mortgages
30

 
4

 
—

 
34

 
33

 
7

 
1

 
41

Commercial
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
60

 
—

 
60

Other residential mortgages
29

 
6

 
6

 
41

 
50

 
9

 
5

 
64

Financial institutions
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total domestic
105

 
10

 
14

 
129

 
127

 
76

 
6

 
209

Foreign
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total past due loans
$
105

 
$
10

 
$
14

 
$
129

 
$
127

 
$
76

 
$
6

 
$
209

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”)

A modified loan is considered a TDR if the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and the creditor grants a concession to the debtor that would not otherwise be considered. A TDR may include a transfer of real estate or other assets from the debtor to the creditor, or a modification of the term of the loan. Not all modified loans are considered TDRs.

The following table presents TDRs that occurred in the first quarter of 2013, the fourth quarter of 2012 and the first quarter of 2012.

TDRs
March 31, 2013
 
Dec. 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2012
 

Outstanding
recorded investment
 
 
Outstanding
recorded investment
 

Outstanding
recorded investment
(dollars in millions)
Number of contracts

Pre-modification

Post-modification

 
Number of contracts

Pre-modification

Post-modification

 
Number of contracts

Pre-modification

Post-modification

Other residential mortgages
31

$
5

$
6

 
36

$
8

$
11

 
30

$
7

$
8

Wealth management loans and mortgages
—

—

—

 
2

1

1

 
—

—

—

Commercial
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

 
2

38

32

Commercial real estate
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

 
2

11

12

Foreign
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

 
1

3

3

Total TDRs
31

$
5

$
6

 
38

$
9

$
12

 
35

$
59

$
55




Other residential mortgages

The modifications of the other residential mortgage loans in the first quarter of 2013, fourth quarter of 2012 and first quarter of 2012 consisted of reducing the stated interest rates, and in certain cases, a forbearance of default and extending the maturity dates. The value of modified loans is based on the fair value of the collateral. Probable loss factors are applied to the value of the modified loans to determine the allowance for credit losses.

Wealth management loans and mortgages

The modifications of the wealth management loans and mortgages in the fourth quarter of 2012 consisted of changes in payment terms and extensions of the maturity dates. The difference between the book value of the loan and the estimated fair value of the collateral is included in the allowance for credit losses.

Commercial

The modification of the commercial exposure in the first quarter of 2012 consisted of changing the stated interest rates and/or extending the maturity dates of the loans. The difference between the book value of the loan and net cash flow discounted at the original loan’s rate, if no observable market price exists, is included in the allowance for credit losses.

Commercial real estate

The modifications of the commercial real estate loans and unfunded lending-related commitments in first quarter of 2012 consisted of changing the stated interest rates and extending the maturity dates of the loans. The difference between the book value of the loan and the estimated fair value of the collateral is included in the allowance for credit losses.

Foreign
The modifications of foreign loans in the first quarter of 2012 consisted of extending the maturity date of the loan. The difference between the book value of the loan and the net present value discounted at the original loan’s rate is included in the allowance for credit losses.

TDRs that subsequently defaulted

There were 15 residential mortgage loans that had been restructured in a TDR during the previous 12 months and have subsequently defaulted in the first quarter of 2013. The total recorded investment of these loans was $4 million.
Credit quality indicators

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade names to support cross-selling opportunities and avoid single name/industry concentrations. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating which is mapped to an external rating agency grade equivalent based upon a number of dimensions which are continually evaluated and may change over time.

The following tables set forth information about credit quality indicators.

Commercial loan portfolio

Commercial loan portfolio – Credit risk profile by creditworthiness category
 
Commercial
 
Commercial real estate
 
Financial institutions
(in millions)
March 31,
2013

 
Dec. 31, 2012

 
March 31,
2013

 
Dec. 31, 2012

 
March 31,
2013

 
Dec 31,
2012

Investment grade
$
1,110

 
$
1,064

 
$
1,493

 
$
1,289

 
$
12,128

 
$
9,935

Noninvestment grade
370

 
353

 
381

 
451

 
1,656

 
1,353

Total
$
1,480

 
$
1,417

 
$
1,874

 
$
1,740

 
$
13,784

 
$
11,288




The commercial loan portfolio is divided into investment grade and non-investment grade categories based on rating criteria largely consistent with those of the public rating agencies. Each customer in the portfolio is assigned an internal credit rating. These internal credit ratings are generally consistent with the ratings categories of the public rating agencies. Customers with ratings consistent with BBB- (S&P)/Baa3 (Moody’s) or better are considered to be investment grade. Those clients with ratings lower than this threshold are considered to be non-investment grade.

Wealth management loans and mortgages

Wealth management loans and mortgages – Credit risk
profile by internally assigned grade
(in millions)
March 31,
2013

 
Dec. 31, 2012

Wealth management loans:
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
4,583

 
$
4,597

Noninvestment grade
121

 
125

Wealth management mortgages
4,287

 
4,142

Total
$
8,991

 
$
8,864




Wealth management non-mortgage loans are not typically rated by external rating agencies. A majority of the wealth management loans are secured by the customers’ investment management accounts or custody accounts. Eligible assets pledged for these loans are typically investment-grade, fixed-income securities, equities and/or mutual funds. Internal ratings for this portion of the wealth management portfolio, therefore, would equate to investment-grade external ratings. Wealth management loans are provided to select customers based on the pledge of other types of assets, including business assets, fixed assets or a modest amount of commercial real estate. For the loans collateralized by other assets, the credit quality of the obligor is carefully analyzed, but we do not consider this portfolio of loans to be investment grade.

Credit quality indicators for wealth management mortgages are not correlated to external ratings. Wealth management mortgages are typically loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured primarily by residential property. These loans are primarily interest-only adjustable rate mortgages with an average loan-to-value ratio of 63% at origination. In the wealth management portfolio, less than 1% of the mortgages were past due at March 31, 2013.

At March 31, 2013, the private wealth mortgage portfolio was comprised of the following geographic concentrations: New York - 22%; California - 20%; Massachusetts - 16%; Florida - 8%; and other - 34%.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgage portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and totaled $1,570 million at March 31, 2013 and $1,632 million at Dec. 31, 2012. These loans are not typically correlated to external ratings. Included in this portfolio at March 31, 2013 are $480 million of mortgage loans purchased in 2005, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 that are predominantly prime mortgage loans, with a small portion of Alt-A loans. As of March 31, 2013, the purchased loans in this portfolio had a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 75% at origination and 23% of these loans were at least 60 days delinquent. The properties securing the prime and Alt-A mortgage loans were located (in order of concentration) in California, Florida, Virginia, Maryland and the tri-state area (New York, New Jersey and Connecticut).

Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and totaled $5,319 million at March 31, 2013 and $5,298 million at Dec. 31, 2012. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis in the custody and securities clearance business and are generally repaid within two business days.

Margin loans

We had $13,242 million of secured margin loans on our balance sheet at March 31, 2013 compared with $13,397 million at Dec. 31, 2012. Margin loans are collateralized with marketable securities and borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. We have rarely suffered a loss on these types of loans and do not allocate any of our allowance for credit losses to margin loans.

Other loans

Other loans primarily includes loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed income securities, as well as bankers’ acceptances.

Reverse repurchase agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions fully collateralized with high-quality liquid securities. These transactions carry minimal credit risk and therefore are not allocated an allowance for credit losses.