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Fair value option
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair value option Fair value option
We elected fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets and liabilities that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value, including the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds and subordinated notes associated with certain equity investments. The following table presents the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value.

Assets and liabilities of consolidated investment
management funds, at fair value
Sept. 30, 2022Dec. 31, 2021
(in millions)
Assets of consolidated investment management funds:
Trading assets$206 $443 
Other assets8 19 
Total assets of consolidated investment management funds$214 $462 
Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds:
Other liabilities1 
Total liabilities of consolidated investment management funds$1 $


The assets and liabilities of the consolidated investment management funds are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. We value the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds using quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets or observable inputs such as quoted
prices for similar assets or liabilities. Quoted prices for either identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets may also be used. Accordingly, fair value best reflects the interests BNY Mellon holds in the economic performance of the consolidated investment management funds. Changes in the fair value of the assets and liabilities are recorded as income (loss) from consolidated investment management funds, which is included in investment and other revenue in the consolidated income statement.

We elected the fair value option on subordinated notes associated with certain equity investments. The fair value of these subordinated notes was $10 million at Sept. 30, 2022 and $15 million at Dec. 31, 2021. The subordinated notes were valued using observable market inputs and included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.